SOCIAL IMPACTS OF FISTULA CONDITION ON ITS SURVIVALS AT THE FISTULA REHABILITATION CENTER, IN PHEBE BONG COUNTY FROM JANUARY 2010 TO DECEMBER

2012SUMMITTED BY: CYNDI L. KOBBAH

ID# 210152

DEPARTMENT OF NURSING 

A RESEARCH THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING IN THE DEPARTMENT OF NURSING OF CUTTINGTON

UNIVERSITY

Background of the study

• Liberia has an estimated population of 3.5 million people with a high maternal mortality ratio estimated at 990 deaths per 100,000 lives birth, meaning that four women die every day in pregnancy or childbirth.

• Among all the morbid conditions that can affect women following labor, having an obstetric fistula is considered the most debilitating and devastating. The result of prolonged obstructed labor, an obstetric fistula is an abnormal communication between the vagina and the genital-urinary system and/or the rectum, and is characterized by continuous urinary and/or fecal incontinence.

• disability-adjusted life years lost by women aged 15 through 44 years were attributable to reproductive ill health, and that 14.5 years per woman were lost to adverse maternity related causes According to that study obstructed labor—the immediate effect of which is fistula—accounted for 22% of all morbid maternal conditions.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1.To investigate the social impacts of fistula conditions on its survivals

2.To investigate the causes of fistula.

3.To investigate how fistula is be prevented on managed

RESEARCH QUESTIONS1. What are the social impacts of

fistula conditions on its survivals?

2. What are some causes of fistula?

3. How is fistula prevented or managed?

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Understanding the cause, Consequences and

nature of vesicle-vaginal fistulae Pathophysiology of fistula

Pathophysiology obstetric injury complex of fistula

Classification of fistula Management of fistula

How fistula Surgery is plan

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE CONT.

Clinical Diagnosis of fistula

Postoperative complications in

fistula Social reintegration of

fistula survivals Prevention and

Treatment of Obstetric Fistula

Approaches Towards Eliminating Fistula

Suffering of fistula survivals

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design

The researcher used the descriptive research design (Mugena, Olive & Abel, 2009) which constitutes the blueprint for the collection, measurement, and analysis of data.

Population:

The population of a study refers to an entire group of individuals, event, or objects in the study.The population of this study is comprised of 50 which includes males (6) and females (44).

SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION

For this research sample size was used.

Sample size is used when the population is less

than two hundred.

Data Collection InstrumentsSome data-collection instruments

includes: Closed-ended questions, Questionnaires, observation checklists, and

Interview protocols.

Sampling Techniques and Data Collection Procedures

the researcher used the simple random sampling technique in which all elements in the

population has equal chances (probability) of being selected.

DATA PROCESSING AND

INTERPRETATION ANALYSIS

Data presentation and interpretation

Gender Frequency Percentage

Males 6 12%

Females 44 88%

Total 50 100%

Table 4.1.1: Gender of Respondents

12%

88%

Males

Females

Age Range Frequency Percentage

  Males Females Total  

18-25 0 6 6 12%

26-33 1 20 21 42%

34-41 2 14 16 32%

42+ 3 4 7 14%

Total 6 44 50 100%

Table 4.1.2: Age range of Respondents

12%

42%32%

14%18-2526-3334-4142+

Causes of fistula Frequency Percentage

  Males Females Total  

Prolonged labor 4 34 38 76%

hole in the virginal 1 5 6 12%

Early sex 1 3 4 8%

Constant abortion 0 2 2 4%

Total 6 44 50 100%

Table 4.1.6: Causes of fistula

76%

12%

8%4%

Prolonged laborHole in the virginalEarly sexConstant abortion

Prevention of fistula Frequency Percentage  Males Females Total  

Skilled Attention at birth 0 4 4 8%

Skilled attention after birth 0 6 6 12%Avoid going to TTM 0 4 4 8%Options 1 and 3 6 30 36 72%

Total 6 44 50 100%

Table 4.1.7: Prevention of fistula

8%12%

8%

72%

Skilled attention at birth

Skilled attention after birth

Avoid going to TTM Options 1 & 3

Perception of people about fistula victims/survivals Frequency Percentage  Males Females Total  Do not have sex 0 6 6 12%Condition transferable 2 12 14 28%Victims must be avoided 2 6 8 16%

Unable to bear children 2 20 22 44%

Total 6 44 50 100%

Table 4.1.9: People perceptions of fistula victims/survivals

12%

28%

16%

44%Do not have sexCondition transferrableVictim must be avioded Unable to bear children

DISCUSSION OF THE FINDINGS; A huge percentage (76%) of the participants

indicated that prolong labor causes fistula, this decision was dominated by the majority of the respondents which were females

At most 44% of the respondents indicated that they perceived that fistula victims are unable to bear child/children, a decision which shows that majority of the respondents which were females dominant

A good number 60% of the respondents indicated that prevention of fistula needs proper care as well as avoiding sex as per doctor advice

A considerable number of 72% said to prevent fistula, women must take into consideration skilled attention at birth as well as avoid going to TTM (trained traditional midwife) doing labor

RECOMMENDATIONS That County Health team should

carry on awareness to educate community members on the danger of

fistula. That County Health team should also provide medication for women

that are victims of fistula. That County Health team should

empower the women that are affected by the fistula condition.

That awareness must be carry on to women of child bearing age to give

birth in the Hospital.  

THANKS