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ENSACT CONFERENCE

SOCIAL ACTION IN EUROPE: DIFFERENT LEGACES & COMMON CHALLENGES

DUBROVNIK, April 26­29, 2009

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CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………3

COMMITTEES……………………………………………………………………………5

PRACTICAL INFORMATION…………………………………………………………...6

FIELD VISITS……………………………………………………………………………..9

PROGRAM OVERVIEW………………………………………………………………...12

PROGRAM DETAILS…………………………………………………………………....13

SCHEDULE FOR SYMPOSIA, WORKSHOPS AND POSTER SESSION……………..14

OVERVIEW OF SYMPOSIA, WORKSHOPS AND POSTER SESSION……………....15

KEYNOTE ADDRESSES AND INVITED PLENARY LECTURES…………………....31

ABSTRACTS……………………………………………………………………………...34

AUTHOR INDEX……………………………………………………………….……….125

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INTRODUCTION

Welcome to the first Conference of the European Network of Social Action, ENSACT. ENSACT is a joint initiative of:

­ EASSW: the European Association of Schools of Social Work ­ FESET: Formation d’Educateurs Sociaux Européens/European Social Educator

Training ­ IFSW: the International Federation of Social Workers European Region ­ ICSW: the International Council on Social Welfare European Region ­ FICE: the Federation Internationale des Communauté Educatives ­ AIEJI: the International Association of Social Educators

ENSACT is an umbrella network for the social domain in Europe and it embraces representatives of professional associations, faculties/schools of social work and social pedagogy, and national councils of social provision and welfare. It includes social professionals, lecturers, researchers, policy­makers and social service providers in Europe.

This conference will focus on three main themes.

The first is Social conflict and reconstruction. The restoration of human relations is at the heart of social reconstruction. Ethnic, rTligious and political conflicts can lead to violence and serious divide between different populations. Communist countries transferred into capitalist ones, other countries dissolved into different independent states: mostly painful processes with discontinuous histories. The approaches to healing and re­shaping the capacities of citizens and societies are in these situations often as diverse as the conflicts themselves. Nevertheless, there is an unequivocally shared goal to re­establish vigorous economic and social activities that contribute to rebuilding society with an improved quality of life.

The second focus is on Individualization and social cohesion. There is a common notion that a healthy, vigorous society is possible when communities feel a sense of belonging to a greater whole. At the same time, this sense of belonging appears to be at odds with the current forces of individualisation, globalisation and multiculturalism. While it may be premature to suggest the erosion of community, the dynamic transformations taking place to accommodate prevailing realities are impacting how people act socially. The importance placed on social cohesion and active citizenship is accompanied by the notion that these may also contribute to social control measures.

The third and final theme is Personal engagement and professional accountability. The complex social realities of a neo­liberal society have contributed to the redesign of welfare policies and the criticism that these changes affect the ability of social professionals to carry out their work as knowledge­bearing professionals. The aim to act in the best interest of the service user becomes ever more challenging in a time of efficiency, performance measurement, quality assurance and evidence­based practice. While there may be agreement on the utility of identifying standards for professional accountability, such accountability is more likely to come from actions that fall outside standardised and dehumanised measures of control.

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Organizing a conference of such size and importance is not possible without the help of many sponsors and exhibitors, and therefore I would like to express my gratitude for the support of the Cities of Dubrovnik, Rijeka, Zadar and Zagreb, the Office of the President of the Republic of Croatia and Primorsko­Goranska County. Special thanks go to the University of Zagreb, especially Mr Siniša Zrinščak from the Department of Social Work, (Faculty of Law, University of Zagreb), Ms Tatjana Katkić Stanić, president of the Croatian Association of Social Workers and her team, and Nicolai Paulsen as the chair of the Steering Committee, and, of course, to all other members of the Scientific and Steering Committee, and all others who dedicated their time and energy to make this conference successful.

I wish you all a pleasant stay in Dubrovnik, with a lot of inspiring discussions, debates, thoughts and contacts.

Nol Reverda President of the Scientific Committee President ENSACT

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COMMITTEES

Steering Committee

Nicolai Paulsen (IFSW Europe), chair Jan Agten (EASSW) Annamaria Campanini (EASSW) Reidar S. Osterhaug (FESET) Paola Richard De Paolis (FESET) Soren Hegstrup (FICE) Barbara Moldering (IFSW Europe) Eva Holmberg­Herrström (ICSW Europe)

Scientific Committee

Nol Reverda (EASSW), chair Antea Agius (IFSW Europe) Inge B. Danielsen (FESET) Romas Lazutka (ICSW Europe) Thea Meinema (ICSW Europe) Soren Hegstrup (FICE) Marina Ajduković (University of Zagreb) Siniša Zrinščak (University of Zagreb)

National Steering Committee

Tatjana Katkić Stanić (HUSR 1 ), chair Meri Gatin (HUSR) Ivica Poljak (HUSR) Petar Škrmeta (HUSR) Marijana Majdak (HUSR, University of Zagreb) Silvia Rusac (HUSR, University of Zagreb) Ilijana Stojanović (HUSR) Marko Gregurević (HUSR) Ljiljana Vrbić (HUSR)

1 HUSR = Croatian Association of Social Worker

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PRACTICAL INFORMATION

Conference place

The ENSACT European Conference will take place at the Dubrovnik Palace Hotel, Masarykov put 20, 20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia.

General information stand

Conference (Registration & Information) desk – IX floor (RC level) Conference office (HUSR), versus conference room Mare – X floor Rathanea office – IX floor Room for document storage (presenters, organiser, agency) ­ IX floor

Registration

April 26 th 2009 (Sunday) open from 14.00 to 20.00 April 27 th 2009 (Monday) open from 8.00 to 18.00 April 28 th 2009 (Tuesday) open from 8.00 to 18.00

Conference & Hospitality Desk hours

April 25 th 2009 (Saturday) open from 14.00 to 20.00 April 26 th 2009 (Sunday) open from 10.00 to 20.00 April 27 th 2009 (Monday ) open from 8.00 to 18.00 April 28 th 2009 (Tuesday) open from 8.00 to 18.00 April 29 th 2009 (Wednesday) open from 8.00 to 13.00

Fee

Registration fee for members, non­members, friends and students includes attendance to scientific meetings, conference material, and refreshments in breaks, lunch on Monday and Tuesday and welcome party. Registration fee for accompanying persons includes welcome party.

Welcome party and dinner

The Welcome party will take place on Monday April 27 th 2009 at 19.30 at the Sunset Bar, Dubrovnik Palace Hotel. Dinner (for attendants who paid for it) will take place inside the unique Fort Revelin, on Tuesday April 28 th 2009 at 20.30. How to get to Fort Revelin: City bus service #4 as far as the Pile square (the last stop). Straight through the Old Town to the eastern gate called the Ploce Gate and that is within the Revelin Fortress. There is a staircase some 25 meters before the gate.

A City tour

A City tour is organized by Rathanea (for attendants who paid for the City tour). All other attendants who want to visit the town by themselves may do so free of charge using conference accreditation.

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Internet connections

Free Internet access is available in the whole hotel (wireless). On IX floor (Dubrava lobby) there is an Internet room with 4 PC free of charge.

Copying facilities

The service of photocopying is available in the hotel, but at attendants’ expense.

Info on translation

All plenary sessions are simultaneously translated into English, French and Croatian.

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Conference rooms

10 th floor (T level) Conference room Mare, all sections Conference room Mare, section 1 Conference room Mare, section 2 Conference room Mare, section 3 Conference room Mare, section 4 Mare hall ­ poster session

9 th floor (RC level) Conference room Dubrava, all sections Conference room Dubrava, section 1 Conference room Dubrava, section 2 Conference room Pinija Conference room Čempres

7 th floor Conference room Luna Conference room Sol

3 rd floor Conference room Levanat Conference room Maestral

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FIELD VISITS

Field visit will take place on Tuesday, April 28 th . Those interested in field visits should inform / register at the Registration desk.

1. Dubrovačko­neretvanska County; half­day field visit /13.00 ­19.30/ Number of participants: 30 Group leaders: Meri Gatin, Ljiljana Vrbić

­ Visits to institutions and associations in the City of Metković, located in the Neretva river valley at a little less than 100 km ride from Dubrovnik on the scenic road that goes alongside the Adriatic Sea and the fertile Neretva valley.

­ Participants will get acquainted with the work of Home for Old and Disabled and Mentally Disabled Persons Metković

­ A visit will be organized to the civil society association „UTIM“/Association of Physically Disabled of Metković/ and the association Don Ante Gabrić which offers a half­day residence service for elderly persons from the Neretva valley area, as well as help and care in the house.

­ Participants will visit the village Vid situated on the remnants of ancient Greek city of Narona and the archeological museum.

2. Međugorje; full­day field visit /9.00 – 19.30/ Number of participants: 50 Group leaders: Petar Škrmeta and Ivica Poljak

­ Međugorje is the world known Catholic sanctuary in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2.5 hours bus ride from Dubrovnik.

­ Organized visit to „Cenacolo“ community with presentation of community’s program and community drug addiction treatment /including real life stories of addicts and their parents/, after which a roundtable will be held providing an opportunity for the participants to share their experiences

­ An alternative workshop on „Community Drug Abuse Control Program“ will take place

­ Organized sightseeing of Međugorje, St. Jacob church, Appearance Hill and Križevac

3. City of Korčula and Blato; full­day field visit /9.00­20.00/ Number of participants: 50 Group leaders: Tatjana Katkić Stanić, Marija Pletikosa

­ Bus ride to the Pelješac peninsula; ferry ride from Orebić, the cradle of sea captains, to Korčula, the city of Marco Polo.

­ The City of Korčula is one of the most beautiful historical cities of Croatia. The Statute of Korčula City and Korčula Island that governed the life in the medieval city was written in the 13 th century, thus being one of the oldest legal documents in Europe.

­ Presentation of competences and work of the Center for Social Care Korčula which is legally empowered to perform 140 different public authorities from different fields, such as social care, family law and criminal law protection

­ Guided tour of the old city and visiting the birth house of Marco Polo

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­ At 14:00h: departure to Blato, the oldest settlement in Korčula. It is situated in the insides of the island which guaranteed the safety from pirate invasion.

­ Visit to the facility for accommodation of physically ill adults and the presentation of its work

­ Presentation of the program of local social welfare policy intended to stop the emigration from the island, as an exodus to countries of South America took place over many centuries.

­ Sightseeing of the city and attendance of the performance of „Kumpanija“ on St. Vincent’s Day Originally, Kumpanija was the name of the army that defended the city and over the years became a folk and an attractive knightly fence and dance.

4. Cavtat; half­day field visit /14.00 – 18.00/ Number of participants: 30 Group leaders: Tomislav Anđelković, Sandra Čirkinagić

­ Visit to the institution for persons with retarded psychophysical development „Dom Josipovac“ and presentation of its work; the institution accommodates the total of 50 residents and day care users with severe, moderate and mild mental retardation

­ Sightseeing of Cavtat and Konavle

5. Dubrovnik; Home for Old and Disabled „Domus Christi“ and Home for Old and Disabled „Dubrovnik“; half­day field visit /14.00­18.00/ Number of participants: 30 Group leaders: Marica Miletić

­ The Home „Domus Christi“opened in 1347 and is one of the oldest social institutions in the Republic of Croatia; it currently provides permanent residence service to 93 users.

­ The Home for Old and Disabled Dubrovnik offers, in addition to residence service, a non­institutional care, such as help and care in the house.

­ Organized visit to institutions where work and experiences in working with old and disabled persons will be demonstrated.

­ Trip to Mokošica, the subsidiary of this institution, situated at the mouth of a river Ombla, where that river flows into the Adriatic Sea. After the visit and the presentation of work, a reception with music will take place.

6. Dubrovnik; Family Center of Dubrovačko­neretvanska County; half­day field visit /14.00­17.00/ Number of participants: 20 Group leaders: Marko Gregurević, Vlasta Grgec­Petroci

­ Presentation of work of the Family Center that, within the framework of its field of activity, provides advisory and preventive services by offering support to families, children and youth with the following aims: prevention of psychosocial disorders among children and youth, encouraging the family dialogue, increasing knowledge and level of parenting skills, promotion of inclusion of socially vulnerable groups, empowerment of families with children with special needs, and development of cooperative network of institutions and civil society associations.

­ Exchange of experience and debate between participants

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7.Dubrovnik; Association FENIKS for protection of children and youth from negligence, abuse and family violence, founded in the year 2000 as the only association of this kind in the area of Dubrovačko­neretvanska County; half­day filed visit /14.00­18.00/ Number of participants: 15 Group leaders: Marijana Ercegović

­ Workshop on prevention of violence in adolescent relationships in one of the Dubrovnik high­schools during which participants will take part together with their group leaders and 3 short films related to physical abuse, emotional abuse and sexual abuse will be played

­ Presentation of the implementation of the program for psychosocial treatment of the coercer

­ exchange of experience and debate between participants

8. Dubrovnik; Home for Children and Young Adults „Maslina“ operates in Dubrovnik since 1432 and is one of the world oldest institutions of this kind; half­ day field visit /14.00­18.00/ Number of participants: 30 Group leaders: Ilijana Stojanović, Domagoj Kroinstain

­ At present, the home accommodates 30 children from the City of Dubrovnik and Dubrovačko­neretvanska County area

­ Presentation of work of the institution through programs of permanent or weekly residence and of day care service for children without adequate parental care, children without parents and neglected or abused children

­ Presentation of foster care for children in the Republic of Croatia, as an alternative and adequate care service characteristic for the deinstitutionalization process, and of problems of foster care development

­ exchange of experience and debate between participants

9. Dubrovnik; Center for Social Care Dubrovnik is a public institution situated in the old town; half­day field visit /14.00­18.00/ Group leaders: Katica Raić, Štefica Karačić

­ Presentation of competences and work of the Center for Social Care which is legally empowered to perform 140 different public authorities from different fields, such as social care, family law and criminal law protection; expert’s work is divided into two expert groups: the Department for Social Care that encompasses activities related to general social care and to physically or mentally disabled persons, and the Department for protection of children, marriage and family whose activities relate to custody, legal protection of children and young persons with behavioral disorders

­ exchange of experience and debate between participants

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PROGRAM OVERVIEW

Pre­conference “Human rights in teaching and practice“ will take place on Sunday, April 26 th , from 10.00 am to 18.30 pm in the Old City of Dubrovnik, adress: Benfortuna d.o.o., Poljana Paška Miličeviċa 4. (You can see the place of Benfortuna on web site: www.benfortuna.hr)

Time 27 Monday 28Tuesday

29Wednesday

8.30 Registration 9.00 Key­note 1 10.00 Opening ceremony Key­note 2

Symposia and workshops

10.30 Break 11.00 Break Break Closing plenary

11.30 Key­note Key­note 3 12.30 Lunch Lunch 14.00 Symposia and workshops Symposia and

workshops 15.30 Break Break 16.00 Symposia, workshops, and

posters session Symposia and workshops

17.30 Internal meetings – FICE, IFSW Networks General Assembly ­ EASSW

19.30 Welcome party 20.30 Dinner

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PROGRAM DETAILS

All plenary sessions are simultaneously translated into English, French, and Croatian

Monday 27 10.00 Opening ceremony and addresses by presidents of cooperating associations and officials and representatives of Croatian authorities Moderator: Tatjana Katkić Stanić

11.30 Key note Vlado Puljiz: Social action in Europe: Different legacies and common challenges 2 Moderator: Nol Reverda

Tuesday 28 9.00 Iain Ferguson: Social conflicts and reconstruction Discussion Moderator: Marina Ajduković

10.00 Herbert Paulischin: Individualisation and social cohesion Discussion Moderator: Anthea Agius

11.30 Sarah Banks: Personal engagement and professional accountability Discussion Moderator: Inge Danielsen

17.30 EASSW General Assembly (Mare, section 2) FESET Forum: Student and staff mobility (Levanat)

Wednesday 29 11.00 Closing plenary: Conclusions and panel debate Creative ending Presentation of next venue Moderator: Siniša Zrinščak

2 Lecture of Vlado Puljiz will be delivered in French.

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SCHEDULE FOR SYMPOSIA, WORKSHOPS AND POSTER SESSION

Names of conference rooms

Session 1 Monday 27, 14.00­15.30

Session 2 Monday 27, 16.00­17.30

Session 3 Tuesday 28, 14.00­15.30

Session 4 Tuesday 28, 16.00­17.30

Session 5 Wednesday 29, 9.00­10.30

Mare – section I

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5

Mare – section II

S6 S7 S8 S9 S10

Mare – section III

S11 S12 S13 S14 S15

Mare – section IV

S16 S17 S18 S19 S20

Dubrava – section I

S21 SC23 W1 W2 W3

Dubrava – section II

W4 W5 W6 W7 W8

Maestral WC1 WC2 W11 W12 S22 Luna W14 W15 W16 W17 W18 Pinia W19 W20 W21 W22 W23 Čempres W24 W25 W26 W27 W28 Sol W9 W10 WFS1 WFS2 W13 Levanat OS OS OS FESET OS Mare hall PS

Legend: S = Symposium SC = Symposium in Croatian W = Workshop WC = Workshop in Croatian WFS = Workshop in French/Spanish PS = Poster session OS = Open space 3 SS = Student session will be held on TuesdayApril 28 th , at 13.30 h, in the Inter­University Centre Dubrovnik, an independent international centre for advanced studies, Don Frana Bulića 4, Dubrovnik, Croatia.

3 Open space is meant for planned or spontaneous discussion/meetings/presentations.The Scientific Committee is not responsible for activities of the open space. For reservation of the open space room please contact the Registration desk.

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OVERVIEW OF SYMPOSIA, WORKSHOPS AND POSTER SESSION

A. Symposia ­ English

S1, Monday 27, 14.00­15.30 Title: Review of the international definition of social work Organizer(s): Nicolai Paulsen, Jan Agten

S2, Monday 27, 16.00­17.30 Title: Competence­based curriculum development in social work education and assessment Organizer(s): Jan Agten, Raymond Kloppenburg

S3, Tuesday 28, 14.00­15.30 Title: Expanding the role of social educator to work with older people Organizer(s): Carmel Gallagher, Philomena Keogh

S4, Tuesday 28, 16.00­17.30 Title: Social work journals ­ exploring different legacies and common challenges Organizer(s): Anne Quinney

S5, Wednesday 29, 9.00­10.30 Title: Standards in social work practice meeting social and economic rights Organizer(s): Anthea Agius, Tatjana Katkić Stanić, Veronique Barre, Siobhan Maclean

S6, Monday 27, 14.00­15.30 Title: Solution focused supervision: Peer reflecting team Organizer(s): Levi van Dam

S7, Monday 27, 16.00­17.30 Title: The challenges to our calling: Vocation, ethics and accountability in social welfare work Organizer(s): Sarah Banks, Frank Phillipart, Francois Gillet

S8, Tuesday 28, 14.00­15.30 Title: Teaching and learning social care competencies – towards an integrated approach Organizer(s): John McHugh, Aine de Roiste, Eleanor Fitzmaurice, Margaret Gilmore, Celesta McCann James

S9, Tuesday 28, 16.00­17.30 Title: Promoting quality in social work by using creative practice knowledge Organizer(s): Ana Radulescu, Herbert Paulischin

S10, Wednesday 29, 9.00­10.30 Title: Individualized communities, social cohesion and challenges for social work Organizer(s): Andrés Arias Astray, Anne Karin Larsen, Klas ­ Göran Olsson, Rina Visser ­ Rotgans

S11, Monday 27, 14.00­15.30 Title: Tension between universalism and cultural relativism: A human rights perspective Organizer(s): Elisabeth Reichert

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S12, Monday 27, 16.00­17.30 Title: Realisation of the right of the child in social work Organizer(s): Sharon Schneider

S13, Tuesday 28, 14.00­15.30 Title: Mental health social work at the crossroads Organizer(s): Ramon Shulamit, Jean Shears

S14, Tuesday 28, 16.00­17.30 Title: Debating and deepening citizenship based social work Organizer(s): Hans van Ewijk, Jean­Pierre Willken, Stijn Verhagen, Anneke Menger

S15, Wednesday 29, 9.00­10.30 Title: Urban culture and youth Organizer(s): Henk Pennings, Griet Verbiest, Jos Pauwels

S16, Monday 27, 14.00­15.30 Title: Back off! Or: how a community can deal differently with difficult youngster Organizer(s): Herbert Paulischin

S17, Monday 27, 16.00­17.30 Title: Regaining constructive powers and chances within disordered communities Organizer(s): Marc Rakers, Martin Stam, Rob van Pagee, Eshref Kenan Rasidagić, Vesna Stević

S18, Tuesday 28, 14.00­15.30 Title: Friend or foe? Working positively with the media Organizer(s): Ruth Stark

S19, Tuesday 28, 16.00­17.30 Title: Ethical dilemmas faced by social workers in political conflict context Organizer(s): Ramon Shulamith, Jim Campbell, Jelka Zorn

S20, Wednesday 29, 9.00­10.30 Title: Solidarity, recognition and justice Organizer(s): Søren Juul

S21, Monday 27, 14.00­15.30 Title: Supervision in social work education in Europe Organizer(s): Godelieve van Hees, Brigitte Geissler­Pilz, Josefina Fernandez ­ Barerra

S22, Wednesday 29, 9.00­10.30 Title: Europe is changing. Who cares? A study of the effects of individualization and social cohesion in social work Organizer(s): Mia Hillen and students

Symposium – Croatian

SC23, Monday 27, 16.00­17.30 Title: Human legacy: Oral history of the social work in Croatia Organizer(s): Ivica Poljak, Slavko Kraljević, Željko Tandara

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B. Workshops – English

W1, Tuesday 28, 14.00­15.30 Title: Ethical issues in social work Moderator: Annamaria Campanini Presenters/Title:

1. Katrin Hommel ­ The implementation of professional ethics in daily practice (German study)

2. Anne Kristine Solberg ­ Dilemmas of identity and loyalty in professional social work

3. Bie Melis ­ “Emancipatory prevention”: A contribution from an ethical viewpoint

4. Mark Smith ­ Reclaiming a moral purpose: Reading Bauman for social work

W2, Tuesday 28, 16.00­17.30 Title: Ethical dilemmas in practice Moderator: Mirka Nečasova Presenters/Title:

1. Tom O’Connor ­ Professional responses to societal failure of clients in care practice

2. May Østby ­ Intuition or professional reflection? – Staff’s decisions faced with ethical challenges in the interaction with people with intellectual disability

3. Rudi Roose, Griet Roets ­ Structuring away the discretionary space for dialogue

4. Stephanie Johnson ­ Yoga and counselling in the treatment of major depression: Social problem

W3, Wednesday 29, 9.00­10.30 Title: Social work theory and practice Moderator: Gordana Berc Presenters/Title:

1. Gabriele Stark­Angermeier ­ Key competences of social work

2. Jennifer de Vaal, Pieter van Vliet, Wilma Borgt, Mike de Kreek ­ Improving computer skills for empowerment and social cohesion

3. Kerstin Svensson ­ Social work as a professional field

4. Inge Scheijmans, Hans van Ewijk ­ Who defines the social problems? Who the WOK­ approach can support the defining power of the neighborhoods

5. Aila­Leena Matthies ­ The concept of subjectivization and the objectivization by welfare services

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W4, Monday 27, 14.00­15.30 Title: Child protection Moderator: Sue Lawrence Presenters/Title:

1. Pam Green Lister ­ Interagency working in child protection: Is co­location the answer?

2. Merja Laitinen, Ulla ­ Maija Rantalaiho ­ Child protection and the underlined cases in the rural areas as a professional challenge

3. Hanna Heinonen, Riitta Hyytinen ­ Focus on children­Finnish assessment practices in child welfare

4. Chryssi Kalpini­Papadopoulos ­ Professional views and experiences of child protection in Greece

5. Gisela Hauss ­ Child protection in the force field of societal demands: A historical perspective (Switzerland)

W5, Monday 27, 16.00­17.30 Title: Social work in different national contexts Moderator: Mona Fransehn Presenters/Title:

1. Joan Orme, Gillian MacIntyre, Beth Crisp, Pam Green, Shereen Hussein, Jill Manthorpe, Jo Moriarty, Endellion Sharpe, Martin Stevens ­ Preparing competent professionals through qualifying education in England

2. Ingrid Voll ­ Social workers and clients experiences in a qualification program in Norway

3. Arnoud Simonis ­ Intercultural social work in Amsterdam

4. Lazar Florin ­ Social worker in Romania ­ goes private!?

5. Ewa Kantowicz ­ Professionalisation of social work in Poland

W6, Tuesday 28, 14.00­15.30 Title: Tools for social work education and practice Moderator: Günter Friesenhahn Presenters/Title:

1. Alan Howe, Andrea Collins ­ Ticket to ride ­ engaging students in personal learning journeys

2. Arja Kilpeläinen, Jukka Sankala ­ Information technology (IT) as a tool to improve education of social work

3. Valerie Perriard, Dolores Angela Castelli Dransart, Veronique Zbinden Sapin ­ The introduction of the new “socio­educational assistant” profession (SEA) in Switzerland: Means of rationalisation? Means of professional improvement of quality?

4. Kristina Urbanc, Marina Ajduković, Vanja Branica ­ Social work theory and its role in development of practice and competences

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W7, Tuesday 28, 16.00­17.30 Title: Different European perspectives in social work education Moderator: Gabor Hegyesi Presenters/Title:

1. Annamaria Campanini, Elizabeth Frost ­ Educating social workers in Europe. Challenges and innovative perspectives

2. Stephanie Johnson ­ Where am I? An Australian social work educator in European education

3. Maria ­ Asunción Martinez ­ Román ­ A new social work education in Spain: Challenges in the process of changing

4. Anneli Pohjola ­ New solutions of social work education in Finland

5. Joan Orme, Jackie Powell ­ Being accountable: Using research in educating for effective practice

W8, Wednesday 29, 9.00­10.30 Title: Service user involvement in social work education Moderator: Paola Richard de Paolis Presenters/Title:

1. Marijana Kletečki Radović, Kristina Urbanc, Eva Anđela Delale ­ Challenges of users’ participation in social work education

2. Ingunn Barmen Tysnes ­ Adolescents’ user experience with the child welfare services in Norway

3. Joe Duffy ­ Citizens as social work educators in a post­conflict society ­ reflections from Northern Ireland

4. Kristel Driessens ­ Empowerment of people in poverty and social workers through dialogue/training

5. Ann Davis, Adrian Fisher ­ Engaging with the personal ­ a mental health service user led approach to social work education. Engaging with the personal ­ a mental health service user led approach to social work education

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W9, Monday 27, 14.00­15.30 Title: Human rights and social action Moderator: Inge Danielsen Presenters/Title:

1. Graeme Simpson, Vicky Price ­ Encouraging social action: A study of educating social work

2. Graca Maria Andre ­ Social work education and the relevance of human rights topic

3. Didier Reynaert, Maria Bouverne De Bie, Stijn Vandevelde ­ Children’s rights education as a social work practice

4. Darja Zaviršek, Ana M. Sobočan – The development of the Eastern­European sub­ regional Association of schools

5. Tuomo Kokkonen ­ Social rights vs. human rights – Social work profession in the context of changing citizenship

W10, Monday 27, 16.00­17.30 Title: Professional accountability Moderator: Reidar Osterhaug Presenters/Title:

1. Anne Quinney, Jonathan Parker ­ Developing research minded practice: Challenges and solutions

2. Marijke Sniekers ­ “Procivi”: From professionals to reflective practitioners

3. Elena Giudice ­ A bottom­up integration: An Italian case study. The partnership between Offerta Sociale, Community Juvenile Offenders Unit and the Regional Centre for Juvenile Justice of the Ministry of Justice

4. Petar Škrmeta ­ How the high social work caseloads and inadequate working conditions influence the quality of the social work services provision?

W11, Tuesday 28, 14.00­15.30 Title: New policy trends and social work reform Moderator: David de Roey Presenters/Title:

1. Stephen Plunkett ­ The interpretation of mixed economy: Community care reform in Scotland

2. Christian Stark ­ Neoliberalism and the consequences for social work

3. Rona Woodward ­ A different social work: Resisting the dark side of welfare reform

4. Dalia Costa ­ What works in public/private partnering and where can it lead us?

5. Francisco Branco ­ Social action, individualization and citizenship

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W12, Tuesday 28, 16.00­17.30 Title: Care givers in social work Moderator: Francois Gillet Presenters/Title:

1. Maria Carmen Perez Belda ­ Influence of welfare policies in men’s practice as caregivers

2. Randi Gjoringbø, Wencke Aamodt Lind ­ Social work with elderly people ­ a “new” task to prevent ageism?

3. Margaret Gilmore, Patricia Kane, Mark Taylor ­ Developing accountability for practice placements in social care pedagogy

W13, Wednesday 29, 9.00­10.30 Title: Social work with children Moderator: Margaret Gilmore Presenters/Title:

1. Liv Schjelderup, Cecile More ­ Children’s participation in social work: Searching for policy and practice solutions

2. Chris Nottingham, Chris Robinson ­ Change, continuity and crisis in child social work in Scotland

3. Camilla Blomqvist ­ Cooperation between school, social services and child psychiatry in Sweden

4. Marijana Majdak, Gordana Berc, Slavica Blažeka Kokorić ­ Comparison of perception of social self­concept in juvenile offenders and their peers

W14, Monday 27, 14.00­15.30 Title: Social work education Moderator: Rini Tak Presenters/Title:

1. Gunter Gehre ­ Development of educational competencies: ‘The real thing’

2. Liudmila Rupsiene, Irena Leliugiene, Elvyra Aciene ­ The coherence of the quality of study programmes in social pedagogy and student’s attitude to help children in their socialisation process

3. Brian Littlechild ­ How do we compare social work and social education systems in different countries and regions?

4. Sharon Lambley, Ed Carter ­ Adult care in Europe and the social professional curriculum

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W15, Monday 27, 16.00­17.30 Title: Empowerment Moderator: Eeva Timonen­Kallio Presenters/Title:

1. Carla Pinto ­ Social work in late modernity: What empowerment is possible?

2. Gro Jensen ­ Empowerment in Norwegian child welfare

3. Hermans Maurice ­ A virtual network around poverty: Bonding and bridging organizations

4. Ana Radulescu ­ Improving community social work services in Romania utilizing European fund

5. Ann Dunér, Monica Nordström ­ Support networks of persons with psychiatric disability

W16, Tuesday 28, 14.00­15.30 Title: History and contemporary social work Moderator: Eeva Timonen­Kallio Presenters/title:

1. Carolyne Skehill­ Common challenges in child welfare: History of the present

2. Mirja Satka, Susanna Hoikkala, Johanna Moilanen, Elina Pekkarin ­ Case study approach in discovering child welfare histories

3. Vanja Branica, Marina Ajduković ­ Child welfare as prime­mover of social actions and social work development

4. Stephanie Johnson ­ The role of social work in Nazi Germany from 1930­1940 a Western perspective

5. Marina Ajduković, Vanja Branica ­ Social work in socialism ­ legacy of continuity or discontinuity of social?

W17, Tuesday 28, 16.00­17.30 Title: Social policy challenges Moderator: Jochen Windheuser Presenters/title:

1. Romas Lazutka ­ The welfare regimes of new EU members

2. Ivana Dobrotić, Siniša Zrinščak ­ Croatian family policy: Challenges of demographic ageing and pluralisation

3. Jelena Matančević ­ European Union and civil society in Croatia

4. Staffan Höjer, Torbjörn Forkby ­ Care for sale. New public management in child welfare in Sweden

23

W18, Wednesday 29, 9.00­10.30 Title: How does human rights social work contribute to social justice and cohesion Moderator: Christer Cederlund Presenters/title:

1. Sarah Cemlyn ­ Human rights, social justice and ethics

2. Kathryn Ellis ­ Human rights and disability politics: The case of social care in England

3. Ann McDonald – Using human rights law to challenge injustice and promote social cohesion: examples from the UK

4. Suzy Braye, Michael Preston­Shoot – Modelling the relationship between law, ethics and rights in professional learning

5. Silvia Staub­Bernasconi ­ The use of power sources to implement human – especially social rights

W19, Monday 27, 14.00­15.30 Title: Social cohesion and social inclusion Moderator: Jean­Marie Heydt Presenters/title:

1. Ioannis Dritsas ­ The Greek restorative probation service

2. Elena Guidice ­ “Why it has happened to us?”: Group intervention with juvenile justice offenders parents in a community service

3. Miguel Angelo Valerio ­ The supervised injection facilities and it’s impact in the fear of crime

4. Violeta Gevorgianiene, Vida Jakutiene ­ Moving towards social cohesion in rural communities

W20, Monday 27, 16.00­17.30 Title: Multiculturalism Moderator: Vanja Branica Presenters/title: 1. Maria Lacroix, Belen Agrela Romero ­ Refugees and multiculturalism: New ways of

conceptualizing citizenship

2. Jens Wurtzbacher, Gaby Straβburger ­ Bridging gaps­active citizenship as a mechanism to connect ethnic communities

3. Liv Roland ­ The case of Norway ­ the Norwegians and the new comers

4. Griet Roets, Rudi Roose ­ Putting poverty into a melting pot of culture

5. Mirjam Gademan, Yvonne van Etten ­ Social professionals in the frontline, an outreach approach

24

W21, Tuesday 28, 14.00­15.30 Title: Social cohesion and social inclusion Moderator: Gordana Berc Presenters/title: 1. Thomas Winman ­ Social inclusion and institutional integration

2. Inge Danielsen, Asun Llena ­ Pedagogical perspectives on social cohesion – a challenge for social professions

3. Elena Roldan, Teresa Garcia ­ Social cohesion and social exclusion in the EU25

4. Jef Peeters ­ Orientation of social work on sustainable development

5. Gordana Forčić ­ Volunteering ­ a new value in social services institutions

W22, Tuesday 28, 16.00­17.30 Title: Developments in social work education. Moderator: Peter Hendricks Presenters/title: 1. Lilja Cajvert ­ Education in social work as part of a donor­funded project

2. Madeleine Howe, Elisabeth Skinner ­ Developing a community of practice for social work students

3. Marju Medar ­ The role of the university in regional cooperation

4. Alan Howe, Andrea Collins, Madelaine Howe, Pamela Trevithick – Empowering learners­the role of ELLI in developing learning power

W23, Wednesday 29, 9.00­10.30 Title: Social inclusion and empowerment Moderator: Jelena Matančević Presenters/title: 1. Mieke Verbeek ­ Person centered planning in Flanders, Belgium

2. Jan Brodala ­ A social work framework for counteracting consumer overindebtedness

3. Sirkka Alho­Konu ­ Transforming expertise in family psychosocial services

4. Sandra Čirkinagić, Marinka Bakula Anđelić ­ Family orientated support ­ postulate for suitable quality of life of children with disabilities

5. Vlasta Grgec­Petroci, Mirjana Marčetić­Kapetanović ­ Education and training for (potential) adoptive parents

25

W24, Monday 27, 14.00­15.30 Title: Suicide Moderator: Anthea Agius Presenters//title: 1. Jim Campbell, Gery Leavey, Janeet Rodon ­ A Northern Irish study of services for

young men who may be suicidal

2. Bodil Irene Høyer ­ Suicide, a transcultural perspective

W25, Monday 27, 16.00­17.30 Title: Citizenship Moderator: Jelena Matančević Presenters/title:

1. Jochen Windheuser ­ Elder disabled people as active citizens

2. Heli Valokivi ­ Citizen as service user ­ participation, rights and responsibilities

3. Greame Simpson, Vicky Price ­ Inclusive principles for work with learning disabled people in the UK

4. Klas­Göran Olsson ­ Active citizenship by inviting and encouraging children in participating

5. Nedjeljko Marković, Stela Fišer ­ Active citizenship as a feature of community development

W26, Tuesday 28, 14.00­15.30 Title: Spiritual life and ethics Moderator: Marijana Majdak Presenters/title: 1. Hadi Ashkanani ­ The relationship between religiosity and well being: A case of

Kuwaiti car accidents victim

2. Hadi Ashkanani, Hadi Ridha, Fahad Al Naser, Charles R. Figley ­ Developing a measure of contentment in an Arab country: Implications for cross­cultural research in social work

26

W27, Tuesday 28, 16.00­17.30 Title: Community work Moderator: Kristina Urbanc Presenters/title:

1. Olja Družić Ljubotina, Eva Anđela Delale, Marijana Kletečki Radović ­ Psychosocial work as facilitator of social capital in community

2. Greet De Brauwere, Griet Verschelden, Sven De Visscher ­ Towards and interrogation of power dynamics in community practices

3. Pamela Trevithick ­ The importance of groupwork in social action and bringing about change

4. Maria Pendaraki ­ Presenting the case of a community based approach, the one of the initiative for the defence of refugees and immigrants in Patras in building solidarity to forced migrants and refugees

5. Jurga Mataityte­Dirziene, Egle Sumskiene ­ Anti­stigma campaigns as means of promoting employment of users of mental health services

W28, Wednesday 29, 9.00­10.30 Title: Compared family policies Moderator: Ivana Dobrotić Presenters/title:

1. Ana M. Sobočan ­ Research and social change: A case study of same­sex families in Slovenia

2. Keith Pringle ­ Swedish welfare responses to ethnicity: Children and their families

3. Mary Pat Sullivan ­ 'Families and seniors together: Building relationships'

4. Gillian MacIntyre, Ailsa Stewart ­ Parenting with a learning disability: What work in supporting parents?

5. Anu­Riina Svenlin ­ Contact family – „connecting people“

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Workshops ­ Croatian

WC1, Monday 27, 14.00­15.30 Title: Developments in social work 1 Moderator: Marina Milić Babić Presenters/title: 1. Alenka Guina, Edina Miletić, Mladen Pavić ­ Good communication skills with clients

as foundation of professional quality

2. Diana Jeleč Kaker ­ Job satisfaction and workplace burnout in social workers employed in health care in the Republic of Slovenia

3. Vesna Moštnjak­Skupnjak ­ Social workers need and interest for preventing professional stress programme

4. Romana Galić, Zorana Uzelac ­ Do they experience us equally?

5. Marica Miletić ­ The role of the Dubrovnik charity organization' 'Opera Pia' in the quality of life of the Dubrovnik citizens with special reference to the welfare of elderly people

WC2, Monday 27, 16.00­17.30 Title: Developments in social work 2 Moderator: Maja Laklija Presenters/title: 1. Dragica Bojka Gergorić ­ Socialization of Bohemian minority in an urban

environment

2. Lovorka Pandur ­ An example of good practice – experiences with volunteers in Home for the mentally disabled adults "Turnić", Rijeka, Croatia

3. Ružica Milošević ­ How do others see us? What do we think about ourselves?

4. Zlatko Wild ­ Against yourself

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WFS – workshop French/Spanish

WFS1, Tuesday 28, 14.00­15.30 Title: Quality control and professional accountability in Spain Moderator: Francois Gillet Presenters/title: 1. Marianne Modak ­ From the private to the public sphere: Social work and the

professionalization of care

2. Victor M. Gimenez­Bertomeu ­ Improving organizations for better practice: Quality factors for social work performance and accountability in Spanish social services

3. Victor M. Gimenez­Bertomeu, Maria Teresa Mira­Perceval, Nicolas de Alfonseti­ Hartmann ­ Promoting professional accountability in social work learning: An empirical research on the case method

4. Arantxa Rodriguez, Emma Sobremonte, Isabel Caballero Valle ­ The qualitative tools like guarantee of personal commitment for social exclusion

5. Raya Enrique ­ Spanish reform of university education of the bachelor level

WFS2, Tuesday 28, 16.00­17.30 Title: Social practice in Spain Moderator: Jan Agten Presenters/title: 1. Asunción Lillo Beneyto ­ The supervision as a tool for quality in the intervention of

social work

2. Yolanda Domenech Lopez ­ Support groups as system of informal organized to help people with disabilities

3. Yolanda Domenech Lopez, Josefa Lorenzo Garcia ­ The Spanish immigration in the twenty­first century: An applied research to the field of social services

4. Josefa Lorenzo Garcia, Josefa Lorenzo Garcia ­ Extra­community foreign immigration in the Spanish Mediterranean area

5. Hortensia Redero Bellido ­ Consequences in families caregiving members with severe neuromuscular disease

29

C. Posters session, Monday 27, 16.00­17.30

Marija Bajan Prokl ­ The application of the "Baby fitness" programme for developing attachment in families under social risks

Marinka Bakula Anđelić, Sandra Čirkinagić ­ The significance of ethics and values in social work

Carmen Barranco Exposito ­ Social work and ethical commitment with quality. Approach to integrated quality systems applied in workshops about burnout

Heidi Bauer­Felbel ­ International exchange for professionals – 8 week study visit to Germany

Michiel De Bodt, Mattias Buysens, Endy Claeys, Marie­Laure De Keyser ­ Acting socially as a social worker

Mike de Kreek, Joke Hilverda, Annemarie van Eekeren ­ The power of neighbourhood stories

Didier Dubasque ­ The development of a collective social intervention: French strategy

Tuomo Kokkonen, Sirkka Alho­Konu, Aila­Leena Matthies, Anu­Riina Svenlin, Sanna Virolainen ­ Social work as adult education, challenges for teaching methods and theory­ practice­reflection

Nataša Kranjčec, Božena Razlog, Željka Stergar ­ “What happens when...“

Milka Kučkovečki, Marija Cahunek Žunec, Mirjana Zvekić ­ “Having the right to be happy children”

Maja Laklija, Marina Milić Babić, Gordana Berc ­ Family cohesion and attached parenthood as the correlates of social outcomes of youth

Elmo Medar ­ Softening employment problems of disabled people, based on claster principal

Marina Milić Babić, Silvia Rusac, Maja Laklija ­ Recommendations of social care standards for families and individuals affected with Alzheimer’s disease

Marie­Genevievé Mounier ­ Human rights training: Towards professional implementation in a context of social cohesion at European level

Maria de Graca Rafael ­ Family mediation: A challenge for social workers

Sirotkina Reeli, Hans van Ewijk ­ Perceptions on activating citizenship, roles and responsibilities

Belen Agrela Romero, Marie Lacroix ­ Readjusting the understandings and practices of policy makers and social workers on migrants. Reflections on how to intervene

30

Liisa Tilli, Arla Cederberg, Leena Ruskomaa ­ An innovative programme to empower citizens

Pamela Trevithick, Andrea Collins ­ An international social work skills network

Ines Vrban ­ Center for children, youth and family in Zagreb: Experiences with systematic support for families in the community

Vedran Mardešić, Petar Škrmeta, Vinko Budiša, Ivica Poljak ­ A community based drug control program in the City of Split

Mastela­Buzan Vesna ­ The challenges of inter­institutional and inter­sectoral cooperation ­ the contribution of the memorandum on social inclusion

Slavica Blažeka Kokorić, Gordana Berc, Marijana Majdak ­ The comparison of attributes of migration and non­migration families

Bengt Carlsson ­ Help processes in social work

Mirka Nečasova, Gaby Franger ­ On the move

Anna Egorova ­ Empowering social workers in conditions of disaster and other extreme situations

Vicky Price, Graeme Simpson ­ Developing community approaches in social work students

Esther Raya Diez ­ Would you know me? Community dinamization for the interculturality

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KEYNOTE ADDRESSES AND INVITED PLENARY LECTURES

PULJIZ Vlado vlado.puljiz@zg.htnet.hr

Social action in Europe: Different legacies, common challenges

In order to address different legacies and common challenges important for the construction of social Europe, this paper will briefly review the European history which on the one hand and irrespectively of numerous conflicts and divisions, developed democracy, concept of individual rights and freedom, and thus welfare state and welfare rights. On the other hand, the post II World War divisions contributed to the fact that those developments were mainly connected with the Western Europe. In the East welfare state became the main instrument for one­party system. Political and civil rights were suppressed, while the welfare rights were developed to legitimate the political rule. The fall of communism have not just ”corrected” the historical course of welfare developments, as different legacies have continued to operate, while many new challenges have complicated the picture. The process of post­communist transition itself caused many social problems, and generated new insecurities. However, during the years of transition the post­communist countries differentiated among themselves at least in two, or more groups – according to their transitional success, and future prospects. The paper will also focus on the situation in South East Europe describing how this particular situation can reflect the development of the social action in Europe. Wars and conflicts connected with the fall of Yugoslavia deteriorated significantly the economic and social situation. At the same time inside the course of social development these countries (as almost all other post­communist countries) implemented many neo­liberal reforms which resulted with numerous social problems and disappointments of citizens (like in the field of pension reform and its consequences). Following that, the analysis of the specific Croatian transition will be offered as a paradigmatic case of transitional problems of countries of South­East Europe. At the end, the paper will reflect on a range of common challenges, like the current economic crisis, poverty, and social exclusion, demographic recession, ethnic diversification, etc., which pose a question of possibility of common answers to common problems. The question is if the experience in facing social problems in history together with educated experts could be crucial instruments in overcoming common social challenges.

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FERGUSON Iain iain.ferguson@stir.ac.uk

‘No justice, no peace!’: Reflections on social work, social conflict and reconstruction

It is now twenty years since the publication of US State Department official Francis Fukuyama’s influential essay ‘The End of History and the Last Man’. In that essay, Fukuyama argued that the collapse of communism in the late 1980s signalled the definitive triumph of liberal democracy and of free­market capitalism. Henceforth, any conflicts which did take place would be purely local affairs while ideological debates would become a thing of the past, to be replaced by technical discussions about means, not ends. Despite the popularity of Fukuyama’s thesis in ruling circles, and the echo which it found both in postmodern notions of ‘the collapse of grand narratives’ and in Thatcherite assertions that ‘there is no alternative to the market’, it is now clear that history did not end in 1989. As recent events in Georgia have shown (not to mention the conflicts in Iraq, Afghanistan and Gaza), so­called regional wars have the clear potential to become much wider conflicts; Bush’s ‘war on terror’ discourse on the one hand and radical Islam on the other shows that ‘grand narratives’ are far from having disappeared; while the experience of the world economy over the past 18 months refutes the notion that capitalism has overcome its tendencies to crisis first identified by Marx 150 years ago. This paper will explore the role of social work in addressing social conflicts and the task of reconstruction in a world which, after twenty years of neoliberal policies, is now more unequal and less stable than ever before. The return of global economic crisis is likely to plunge millions more into poverty and destitution. In this situation, the social work profession needs to critically re­evaluate the relevance of its responses to human need, as it had to do in the late 1960s and early 1970s. In particular, neoliberal­influenced models of social work, of the type which currently predominate in the UK, are unlikely to prove adequate to the task facing us. At the same time, as we know from theories of crisis intervention, crises, both personal and structural, can also provide opportunities for developing new ways of thinking, working and being. The election of Barak Obama as US president, for example, is just one indication of a widespread desire to break with the policies – military, economic, ethical ­ of the past two decades. The paper will conclude by suggesting some ways in which social work might engage with this desire for change and contribute to a very different kind of ‘new world order’.

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BANKS Sarah s.j.banks@durham.ac.uk

Reinvigorating professional ethics: The role of passion in professional life

Many people are motivated to enter the social professions because they want to care for people in need and to work for a better society. These motives are reflected in the principles embodied in codes of ethics and statements of professional values (including the promotion of human well­being, dignity and social justice). However, these codes are now becoming longer as they incorporate rules as well as principles; employers are requiring professionals to use prescribed forms, follow detailed protocols and measure outcomes; national governments are setting more precise standards and targets for social welfare work. ‘Professional ethics’ is becoming increasingly associated with codes, rules of conduct and conformity to externally defined standards. Whilst some of these ‘new accountability’ requirements may contribute towards better outcomes for service users and fairness in the distribution of time and resources, they also leave much less space for other crucial components of ethics in professional life. This presentation will discuss the importance for the social professions of recognising and valuing the role of personal engagement and political commitment – considering qualities such as empathy, care, moral perception, imagination, courage and critical consciousness. This leads us towards a revival of approaches to ethics based on qualities of character, relationships, context and commitment. It also leads us to consider critically how we balance the demands of logic with the call of passion; the need for distance with the desire for closeness; and the demand for conformity with that for transformation.

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PAULISCHIN Herbert herbert.paulischin@liwest.at

Individualisation and social cohesion

Social work practitioners face similar challenges all over Europe: the measures taken by national governments and international bodies to combat the financial and economic crisis cannot avoid a dramatic increase of unemployment and new risks of poverty as well as working poor. At the same time developments in communication technology and ongoing deregulation of the labour market have a negative effect on structures such as families and social networks, reducing their capacities to deal with personal conflicts and limiting resources for mutual support. Over the last twenty years Europe as a geographical region and in particular the enlargement of the European Union as a wider political and economic platform, has focused on promoting social cohesion and closing the gap between western and former socialist countries. The positive results of that movement are now under pressure and some achievements providing substantial improvement in living conditions for marginalized and/or socially excluded groups in European societies are not longer prioritised and financed. How does this affect daily work of social workers? Are there solutions at grass root level and can we learn from each other within the scope of international cooperation? Do social workers need further qualifications in order to be fit for new challenges? Do we effectively use existing resources at national and international level to improve the framework of social work? There will be more questions discussed and the Dubrovnik conference is the right place to develop ideas for solutions.

35

ABSTRACTS

AGIUS Anthea KATKIĆ STANIĆ Tatjana BARRE Veronique MACLEAN Siobhan europe@ifsw.org

Standards in social work practice meeting social and economic rights

IFSW Europe embarked in 2007 in a project called Standards in Social Work Practice Meeting Social and Economic Rights. In the light of European related issues of professional and service user mobility the theme of this project arose from a felt need by member organizations for a common frame of reference for the profession to: inform European services users about what they should expect of social work; inform about the contribution, role and tasks of social work social cohesion within the broad European policy context; support a good standard of social work education, training and regulation across European social work; inform organisational settings on how conditions of work help to support good standards in social work; promote the status of social workers and enable professional resources to be better used; promote the links between social work and human/social/economic rights. The project involved a preliminary survey of information about social work profession in each country. This was followed by seminars attended by representatives of member organisations. The seminars held in Sofia, Berlin, Vienna and Madrid, took place in October and November 2008. This symposium intends to discuss this works in progress. Participants will share information about legislation, regulatory frameworks and conditions of work, with a view to clarifying and promoting standards for practice across Europe. At the heart of this work is a consideration to service user rights and involvement.

36

AGRELA ROMERO Belén LACROIX Marie bagrela@ujaen.es

Readjusting the understandings and practices of policy makers and social workers on migrants. Reflections on how to intervene

The main objective of this presentation is to present key elements of a reflection on how social work can influence the way public policies and policy makers should think of and incorporate the immigrant population as a “new” actor of social action. Based on our research experiences on the Canadian context (with a large tradition in immigration policy) and the Spanish context (recent country of destination), we will question the process of stratification, social/legal constructions of inequality and exclusion based on the intersection of categories of foreigner, gender, social class, ethnicity or cultural differences. We will focus on the current discourses used for justifying the reasons behind “their” social marginalization (blaming solely to the person of his/her own situation) and their impact on the intervention models of social work. Finally, we will provide some premises which should be taken into account for (re)thinking and (re)building with migrants and host societies as a whole, thus contributing to a better understanding of how social work can contribute to building social cohesion within a multicultural society.

37

AGTEN Jan KLOPPENBURG Raymond jan.agten@khk.be

Competence­based curriculum development in social work education and assessment

Objective: Participants will get insight in the process of designing and implementing a competence based curriculum and assessment programme. Content: Since societies are changing rapidly and given the developments in social work practices, social work is increasingly becoming aware of its new demands. In response to these demands, there has been a concomitant increase in the attempts to better prepare graduates for the labour market, but so far only with varying degrees of success. A complaint that students often make is that they experience the curriculum as a disconnected set of courses or modules. They feel there are only implicit relationships between the courses and often the relevance of the courses for the future profession is unclear. Students have difficulties combining the contents of the modules they attend, into an integrated knowledge base, which they need to perform real­life tasks and solve practical problems in social work. A competence based curriculum is a turning point in organising social work education. It addresses the lifelong learning capacities of the student and goes into the future development of the profession. A competence based curriculum develops relevant professional competencies and does so in continuous interaction with representatives of the field. The presentation will focus on four topics: inspiring students in competence based learning, developing knowledge, crossing borders between education and work, and assessing competencies. Each topic will be introduced briefly, using best practices and providing key questions for discussion KHKempen University College and Hogeschool Utrecht will present examples of competence based curriculum design and assessment methodology.

38

AJDUKOVIĆ Marina BRANICA Vanja marina@dpp.hr

Social work in socialism – legacy of continuity or discontinuity of social work development in Croatia?

The profession of social work in Croatia has developed through the whole 20th century. This presentation deals with the development of social work profession during the socialism (1945 – 1990.). The key issues are related to (1) continuity of social activities and development of social work as profession in the discontinuity of social­political situation, (2) influence of the international processes and development on social work during socialism (3) the specific impact of socialistic system values on social worker identity and (4) the impact of social work development for the social reconstruction after II world war. In the fifties started in Croatia the development of the socialism based on workers self­management in distinction from dogmatic socialism. It corresponded with the foundation of the first school for social work in Zagreb in 1952. It was opened as part of reformatory trends towards international cooperation. The decentralization process and development of community system led to significant changes in the organization of social services. The key event was the opening of the first social work centre in 1959. This paper has no ambition to give historical judgments about the considered period, but can be seen as a point of reference for its further research.

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ALHO­KONU Sirkka sirkka.alho­konu@chydenius.fi

Transforming expertice in family psychosocial services

The focus of this presentation is on family psychosocial and counselling­services in Finland. Presentations examine the roots of this family counselling­work and describe the developing points and also analyze the historical background and make a contribution to understand present situation. The findings are based on doctoral thesis transforming expertise discourses in family counselling­services. What are the main ideas behind public family psychosocial services and counselling work in the present and in the past? Family psychosocial service was created after Finnish civil war 1918. Many children had lost parent and single­parenthood was very common. In 1925 Helsinki was opening “The most troubled children research and educational counselling­stage”, which was organised by “Kenraali Mannerheimin Lastensuojeluliitto” union. In 1972 the law “Kasvatusneuvolalaki 568/71” came into effect and enabled activity action in counselling­centres. In 1984 this law became part on main social services law. Today family counselling is a national action and provides a wide psycho­ social service­network for families and children. The law obligates family counselling­centres to give expert support, giving counselling, supervision and other expert­support for relationship, family­life and child foster and also research and care for child foster and family­ life’s problems.

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ANDRÉ GRAÇA Maria gandre@net.sapo.pt

Social work education and the relevance of human rights topic

This presentation is related with the sub­theme, Personal Engagement and Professional accountability, as much it tries to show what kind of contributes from social work education in the view social work as a profession of human rights. Nowadays there are specific challenges in the rebuilding of Human Rights concept and social work applications. They are related with actual model of our societies and specific problematic e.g. popular quarters, professional inclusion/exclusion, schools delinquency, community “crash” and the social and psychic “pains”. From the last international definition of social work (IFSW, Montreal 2000), human rights and human dignity are considered as basic principles. Therefore remains the question: what means the conflict between what is announced as a priority to the practices of social workers and what happens concerning the realization of users personal needs in the context of human rights? We have considered the social work schools as one of the agents with important contributes to answer that question. At this presentation we will report the conclusions of an exploratory study done at 3 Portuguese schools about: the concept of Human Rights the teachers have adopted – emergent or rebuilt concept in the social work education process; the curricula and pedagogical strategies they considered to build relevant competences near social work students as future professionals managing the complexity of users citizenship.

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ARIAS ASTRAY Andres LARSEN Anne Karin OLSSON Klas­Göran VISSER – ROTGANS Rina astray@trs.ucm.es

Individualized communities, social cohesion and challenges for social work

Taking as starting point the idea that processes of individualization, globalization and multiculturalism are affecting the way communities are constructed and reconstructed in our societies, and taken for granted that the meaning and the images of social cohesion have to be rethinking in a social context in which “individualized communities” seem to be prevalent, the objective of this symposium is twofold: 1. to explore the challenges social work profession in general and social work Education in particular confront in this scenario, focus particularly the attention on what kinds and how CBA can contribute to give adequate response to those challenges. 2. to present ideas and get feedback about a future international specialization in SW in which CBA will play a central role. In order to fulfill these objectives, organizers of the symposium, belonging to different European Universities but joined together by a common international educative project called Social Work­Virtual Campus (SW­ VirCamp), will do a small presentation of their pedagogical plans and will raise questions about each of the topics proposed. In the project 12 universities are cooperating in realizing an international and online specialisation in social work. Comunity social work is one of the main themes in the curriculum of this program.

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ASHKANANI Hadi hridha555@hotmail.com

The relationship between religiosity and subjective well being: A case of Kuwaiti car accidents victim

Researchers have long recognized the influence of religion on a person's health and well­ being. Nevertheless, they disagree on whether this influence is a positive or negative one. This study explores the influence of religion on the well­being of traumatized people. The study population (n=281) consisted of people who had experienced some type of significant trauma in their lives related to a severe car accident (e.g. severe injury, badly injured, families who lost loved ones in the car accident). Demographic and socioeconomic variables from the study sample served as independent factors to help measure subjective well­being. Descriptive, bivariate, and multiple regression analyses were used to measure the relationship between religiosity and subjective well­being of a traumatized person. Results of the study indicated a positive relationship between religiosity and well­being, and that level of income of the traumatized person affected well–being positively, while age of the traumatized person affected well­being negatively. There were no significant differences for type of trauma (severely injured, family of severely injured, and family of a killed one) on well­ being.

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ASHKANANI Hadi RIDHA Hadi NASER Al Fahad FIGLEY Char les R. hridha555@hotmail.com

Developing a measure of contentment in an Arab Muslim country: Implications for cross­cultural research in social work

This is one in a series of papers that report on a programme of research focusing on the psychosocial consequences of Kuwaitis in the wake of the 1990 invasion and occupation by Iraq. The research team chose to focus on contentment as the obverse of trauma effects and develop a new measure that more closely represents Kuwait society due to cultural sensitivity. The paper briefly discusses the programme of research and the need for a new measure of Kuwaiti contentment. The Kuwaiti Raha Scale (KRS), was developed to serve as the primary dependent variable for a post­war national survey of mental health in Kuwait. The KRS emerged from a multi­method approach first administered to a convenience sample of 560 undergraduate university students enrolled in eight different classes. The results reported here note that no differences were found according to the variable of gender, as was expected. Four factors emerged, with Cronbach’s Alphas ranging from 0.85 to 0.70 after eliminating three items. The total twenty­eight­item KRS measure yielded a Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.906. Conclusions: The present findings suggest that the four subscales are a psychometrically sound measure of contentment, and would be useful in studies of Arabic­speaking cultures by social workers, and other investigators, concerned about culture­based well­being. Implications for European social professions are discussed.

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BAJAN PROKL Marija centar.za.socijalnu.skrb.virovitica@vt.t­com.hr

The application of the "Baby fitness" programme for developing attachment in families under social risks

Past researches have shown that among children who experienced the presence of mother attachment, especially in the first year of their life, there were fewer cases of addiction, delinquent, unsocial and aggressive behaviour than among children where that kind of attachment was absent. As a part of the project, UNICEF­Croatia, "The prevention of separating and early intervention in families under social risks", the aim of the programme «Baby fitness» is to develop the attachment and strengthening of biological families as one of the segment of preventing child separation from families under the social risk. It is the programme of preventing disorderliness in the early stage of mother­nurseling relation ,with the help of medical, developmental gymnastics and psychological support to mother. In that way, the feeling of safety in mother­child relation, as well as the family climate, is improved in relatively short period. The programme is pursued through workshops with the help of the team of experts (pediatricians, psychologists and physio­therapeutists) who simultaneously and multi­disciplinary work in a group with 6­10 mothers with children in order to strengthen better and deeper bondings. The social worker is in the role of the connection between the team and welfare work institutions, health­service institutions and other institutions in the community. The poster­presentation will demonstrate experience in the application of this programme in Virovitica area. The intention of the presentation is to stimulate experts and local community to think about different forms of care and support for risky families so that the separation of children is avoided. The project is an example of the good practice which shows how conforming economical capacities of the community and this small, but theoretically well established and intelectually organized activity, can achieve great results with limited investment of material resources.

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BAKULA­ANĐELIĆ Marinka ČIRKINAGIĆ Sandra marinka.bakula­andelic@zagreb.hr

The significance of ethics and values in social work

Dynamics and liability to changes are fundamental social characteristics which have a powerful impact on the changing of determination and tasks of professional social work. We have accepted the definition of social work from the orientation of the social­protective function of the users, and this definition is in accordance with fundamental principles of human rights and social justice. Furthermore, we have all come to the conclusion that the main mission of social work is promoting social changes, solving problems in human relationships with the aim of improving personal welfare. Values and the ethics of social work are areas we frequently talk about and discuss, yet it seems we have still not reached an ''agreement'’ on which these common values and ethical principles of social work are. To which extent do we have to standardize our professional responsibility.and not lose our fundamental value which puts us on a higher level than other professions ­ spontaneity, creativity and the rapidity of action in dealing with different everyday problems of our clients. In this work, the authors are going to deal with these questions and share their thoughts with colleagues from other environments.

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BANKS Sarah PHILLIPART Frank GILLET Francois s.j.banks@durham.ac.uk

The challenges to our calling: Vocation, ethics and accountability in social welfare work

People working in the social professions are often motivated by a personal commitment to caring for and about others, a political commitment to promoting social justice, or, sometimes, a religious commitment to serving God. We often talk about these commitments in terms of ‘vocation’, by which we mean a calling (not necessarily religious) to do a particular type of work. This symposium will explore the question: ‘What is the place of vocation in social welfare work?’ by means of a structured dialogue. We will explore the nature, role and value of vocation in social welfare work today, especially in the light of the challenges of new accountability regimes requiring conduct according to prescribed ethical and technical standards that seem to devalue the motivations and commitments of individual professionals. To what extent are professional virtues such as practical wisdom, courage or compassion valuable? We will explore the chosen question using some of the techniques of Socratic dialogue, moving from concrete examples given by participants to more general assertions about the place of vocation.

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BARRANCO EXPÓSITO Carmen cbarra@ull.es

Social work and ethical commitment with quality. Approach to integrated quality systems applied in workshops about burnout

Social Work has the ethical commitment to contribute to enhance the quality, in order to add quality to human life and the environment, while achieving effectiveness and efficiency in management. To advance within this approach in the framework of institutions, it means assuming the co­responsibility of promoting the integrated quality systems configured for the integrated quality, quality models, and the social responsibility of the organization, all of which is related with professional ethics. These have been the approaches used to work with the prevention, and to fight against burnout in the workshops, together with professionals in health organization. All this has been developed by means of a participatory approach that integrates constructivist reflection, dialogue and action proposals. They have used a participatory and constructivist methodology, which integrates reflection, dialogue and proposals for action. Results show that training in these areas makes possible to find satisfactory meetings among the participants, constructing knowledge and strategies in order to rethink how to prevent and avoid burnout, imagining other scenarios that will strengthen the illusion of work, improving the working conditions and satisfactory interpersonal relationships, interacting the following three areas: organizational, social­environment, and personal.

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BAUER­FELBEL Heidi Bauer­Felbel@dbsh.de

International exchange for professionals – 8 week study visit to Germany

Around 6.000 social work colleagues have come together in Germany to set standards in social work. The DBSH works at a professional, political and community level. The DBSH also represents its members’ interests as a trade union. The DBSH is independent of religious and political groupings. The DBSH is also engaged in an international exchange of social work professionals together with the AGJ (Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Kinder­ und Jugendhilfe). The AGJ has carried out the International Study Programme (ISP) since 1975 under the auspices of the German Ministry for Families, Older people, Women und Youth (BMFSFJ). It is a programme of further education, designed entirely for foreign workers including volunteers in the fields of child and family welfare and social work. This presentation of the DBSH outlines the programme of the AGJ. The aim of the presentation is to make the programme known to colleagues in other countries and to encourage them to apply. The presentation will concentrate on: Aims ­ The development of professional and social competences through gaining knowledge at a professional, methodological and political level through intercultural exchange and reflection. Length: 8 weeks, once a year during the months of September and October. Costs: will be covered largely by the German Government, in particular travel costs within Germany. In justified circumstances travel costs from home to Germany can be applied for and may be granted partially or fully. Accommodation will be offered in hotels, residential centers or flats free of charge. There will be an allowance for food. Structure: 5 towns in Germany will host the students. There will be a one week introductory seminar, followed by a 6­week practice placement and finally an evaluation seminar. The content may include seminars, discussions, visits and practical work in a variety of social work fields. Preconditions: current employment (paid or volunteer) in social work fields, at least one year in such employment, very good knowledge of German. Age between 25 and 45. DVD­ Film: the presentation will also include a film to demonstrate the quality of the programme.

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BLAŽEKA KOKORIĆ Slavica BERC Gordana MAJDAK Marijana sblazeka@pravo.hr

The comparison of attributes of migration and non­migration families

Global social processes, unemployment and problems connected to recent war experiences in our region, caused the family migrations in Croatia. Family mobility is often connected with adaptation problems of family members on new environmental conditions. This fact is accompanied by changes in family functioning (Poldrugač, 1990). The migrant families are exposed to different risk factors by moving to new environment (Majdak, 2006). Migrant family adaptation depends on personal feature of parents and children, migration’s circumstances and characteristics of new society. Negative circumstances associated with migration (bad material life conditions, maladjustment to norms of new environment, feeling of unacceptance, etc.) significantly increase the risk of behavior disorder of children and youth (Majdak, 2006) and could have an impact on the quality of marital and parental relationships. This paper presents the research results on the sample of 564 students at the University in Zagreb, about the circumstances of their growth. The paper shows social­ demographic attributes and quality of family relationships in families with experience of moving to new environment and those who did not. The purpose of paper was to stimulate the discussion about conditions of the children’s growth in migrant and non­migrant families, and possibilities for overcome present differences.

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BLOMQVIST Camilla camilla.blomqvist@stenungsund.se

Cooperation between school, social services and child psychiatry in Sweden

The law claim that the organisations create cooperation when it´s need for it. The organisations handle this by doing agreement between the different organisations. This agreement is a policy how school, social services and child psychiatry will cooperate. I would like to participate with a workshop paper, in English, (an oral presentation) in the theme “Personal engagement and professional accountability”. The society´s claim for cooperation – how do we handle it? Cooperation between organisations in the Swedish society became in focus during 1990s and was seen as a part of the change in the Swedish welfare system. This presentation is about children with special needs and cooperation. The children have problems in school and also social and psychiatrical problems and need help from different organisations in the society. To handle the demand for cooperation and to handle the law, the three organisations (school, social services and child psychiatry) create a agreement, a policy, about how they shall cooperate. Families, professionals and politicians ask for cooperation. This presentation is about which elements influence the cooperation process and which are the consequences for the organisation, the professional and the families.

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BOJKA­GERGORIĆ Dragica bojka@hi.t­com.hr

Socialization of Bohemian minority in an urban environment

The main aim of the project was socialization of Bohemian minority in an urban surrounding, their inclusion in the society and using all the facilities of living in an urban environment that they are excluded from for their particular way of life. In the city of Rijeka and its surrounding areas many bohemian families are settled and most of them live in endangering social and economic conditions. The majority of them have minor children whose integration in their social environment is complicated for the Bohemian particular way of life and lack of knowledges and skills necessary for dealing with many problems in life. By monitoring the conditions in their community and their different needs, we identified the need of group social work methods for kids and their parents’ trough educational workshops that gathered children from 6 to 8 years old excluded from the educational system, and their parents. Many different methods in work were used (interacting workshops for children and their parents, visits to museums, libraries and other city sights, excursions etc.), and there were noted the positive effects of the work. The goal was to help the children from a particular minority and their easier inclusion in life. The Project was realized in cooperation with the City of Rijeka (Municipality) and The Ministry of family, Veterans’ Affairs and Intergenerational Solidarity.

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BRANCO Francisco fnbranco@fch.ucp.pt

Social action, individulization and citizenship

The main concern of this communication is the analysis of the present directions and trends of the social accompanying and activation measures under the scope of social assistance policies. It focuses on the reconfiguration of its logics of action, especially on the modus operandi of the face­to­face relation with users – beneficiaries of these services. The approach considered, of the “new rules of the social”, register, at the analytical level, the reconfiguration of the welfare state and social policies in the broad changes in contemporary societies, namely, in the context of the individuation process and the ways in which the relationships between collectivity and individuals are rebuilt in what it concerns solidarity. At this regard, different logics in the path of social accompanying devices are analyzed, as well as the challenges and risks with which they are faced in the present times of social uncertainty and instability.

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BRANICA Vanja AJDUKOVIĆ Marina vanja.branica@pravo.hr

Child welfare as prime­mover of social actions and social work development

Although organized education for social work in Croatia began in 1952 by opening of the High School for social workers in Zagreb, humanitarian and social activities, having social work elements can be clearly recognized from the beginning of the 20th century. Children, especially those poor and without adequate parental care were the one particular population category round which forces were mobilized for some very important social actions in the beginning of the 20th century. The high infant mortality rate, child vagabonding and delinquent activities moved not only prominent individuals, but also state authorities to undertake activities by which children would be protected. Thus, J. Šilović was meritorious for the passing of the Law on Compulsory Education of the Under Age (1902) and Law on Protection of Children and Youth (1922). The key humanitarian organizations and their social actions will be presented, as well as the child care institutions and no institutional child welfare for which we consider to have contributed to social work development in Croatia. The People's Protection Association and the action of temporary relocation of hung stricken children from Dalmatia, Istria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, disregarding their religion; to more prosperous parts of Croatia from 1916 to 1918 led by Dj. Basaricek can be mentioned. The circumstances in which the care for children mobilized the state on action will be discussed. Gender perspective will be also considered.

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BRAYE Suzy PRESTON­SHOOT Michael s.braye@sussex.ac.uk

Different and common legacies and challenges

Professional codes emphasising human rights and social justice are founded upon legal and moral rules which are embedded within professional discourse. One task for professional education, therefore, is to engage learners with those rules in ways that encourage and facilitate their legal and moral literacy. This paper draws on the findings of two pedagogic research studies conducted by the authors to explore how social work education might contribute to human rights social work. The first is a systematic review of international research literature on how social work students learn about the law; the second is an exploration of what happens to legal knowledge when practitioners confront the practical reality of complex ethical challenges. The findings demonstrate, first, that in education practice, a technical/rational approach to law learning dominates the classroom experience, failing to connect legal rules with the ethical challenges of practice, and emphasising legal rules for control rather than empowerment; second, that legal rules are neglected in daily practice, and in the learning of student practitioners in the field. Theorising from these findings, the concepts of legal and moral literacy will be explored, with a view to identifying the distinctive contribution of professional education to human rights social work.

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BRODALA Jan jan.brodala@khk.be

A social work framework for counteracting consumer overindebtedness

Consumer overindebtedness is a severe problem in all European countries. Many governments took special measures by creating juridical arrangements for settlement of debts or debt restructuring. They also go together with actions of prevention. Most of these measures are curative and /or the effects are temporarily. It is clear that they can’t solve or decrease the problem of overindebtedness on their own. By doing research (systematic review) and monitoring the practice of two social services (by Delphi dialogue with clients, social workers and the head of department) it became clear that empowering practice is necessary and very important to help people in cases of overindebtedness. The results of the research and the outcomes of the Delphi dialogue also lead to a broad view on the social framework and conditions wherein consumer overindebtedness arises. Based on that social framework we can see and understand what kind of attitudes and actions are necessary and desirable by social workers in cases of consumer overindebtedness. Those actions and methodological approaches are connected with the challenge of human development and social sustainability. There is also a meaningful connection with psychological processes. In my view and approach I make connection with the core position of social work: act at the points where people interact with their environments (IFSW). This is very important to avoid one­sided blaming of people who are in cases of overindebtedness.

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CAJVERT Lilja Lilja.Cajvert@socwork.gu.se

Education in social work as part of a donor­funded project

University education as part of a donor­funded project may have specific features in terms of structure, organisation and implementation. What are the characteristics of an education as part of a donor­funded project? How to organise such an education to make it serve its purpose and have an impact? This presentation covers an international project in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH), Master's Postgraduate Studies "Supervision in Social Work" and "Management in Social Work". The project is funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) and implemented by the departments for social work in Sarajevo, Banja Luka (BH) and Gothenburg (Sweden). Sixty­two students from all over BH were admitted, including social workers in the social sector, relevant BH ministries and teachers at the departments of social work. The studies were based on the Bologna Declaration, carrying 120 ECTS and were delivered between 2006 and 2009. In my presentation I will talk about specificities of planning and organising the studies, about the contents of the education and the process of evaluation. What are the roles of the project leader and other bodies in the context of running a donor­funded educational project? What are the main advantages and disadvantages of such a project?

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CAMPANINI Annamaria FROST Elizabeth annamaria.campanini@libero.it

Educating social workers in Europe. Challenges and innovative perspectives

Social work education in Europe has to face many new challenges, to prepare social workers to be able to tackle problems like an ageing society, migration, poverty, and also negotiate the effects of globalization and managerialism. The European Union highlights the importance of an intercultural dimension to prepare younger generations for life in a society increasingly characterized by cultural and linguistic diversity, so that students may identify concrete actions with which to fight racism and xenophobia. The challenging role of European social work education is to equip our students with these complex skills. In this context a European thematic network for social work education, has been establish since 2002, to support and encourage academic links, throughout Europe and worldwide, in relation to sharing experiences, furthering the knowledge base of social work and developing innovative teaching methods in the field of social work education. In this paper we intend presenting and discussing some of the more innovative outcomes of the network, and ways in which such ideas could usefully be replicated. Comparative European publishing, paneuropean training workshops, international students’ summer school, and virtual class experience (e­learning) and an international master’s programme will be considered. The relevance of this for linking the local social work situation to the global picture, will be explored. Having presented some examples of the work of the network.

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CAMPBELL J im LEAVEY Gerry RODON Janeet jim.campbell@qub.ac.uk

A Northern Irish study of services for young men who may be suicidal

There is growing concern about the vulnerability of young men across many European states, as evidenced by increased rates of suicide amongst this group. This presentation summarises findings from a study in Northern Ireland that examined service providers and young mens' views on vulnerability, as well as how organisations can respond better to such traumas. The presentation will begin with a brief review of the literature in the field as well as a summary of the qualitative method used to gather the data. Key messages from the research will be highlighted. The researchers found that young men often had impoverished social networks and that services were not always adaptable to their needs. Service providers appealed for a more skilled workforce and greater attention to joined up approaches between statutory, voluntary and community sectors. Although some of the findings are arguably comparable to other European social work services in this field, the authors also point out the importance of local context, particularly the impact of 40 years of political conflict that often compounds the traumas faced by young men in Northern Ireland. The presentation concludes with recommendations about how social workers can better deliver services in this important area.

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CARLSSON Bengt Bengt_E.Carlsson@socwork.gu.se

Help processes in social work

In deepth interviews with 28 actors, both clients and social workers in a family agency about their experiences of the processes as a whole ­ from beginning to exit. Results: facilitating and obstacles in the interaction between the two parties followed be a discussion about wheteher help or not was brought about. Three categories: the helped, the none­helped and a third category ­ ambigus clients. A process study both from the clients and workers perspective ­ creating double (parallell) images of their encounters.

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CEMLYN Sarah STAUB­BERNASCONI Silvia ELLIS Kathryn MCDONALD Ann BRAYE Suzy PRESTON­SHOOT Michael Sarah.Cemlyn@bris.ac.uk

How does human rights social work contribute to social justice and cohesion

Five workshop contributions explore different perspectives concerning how human rights theory, practice and education contribute to challenging social injustice and promoting cohesion across divisions. The contributions cover: 1) Human rights and the ethical basis of social work, including human rights aspirations in ethical codes, and debates moving from principle­based codes towards more situated and inclusive approaches.The complementarity of human rights and social justice analysed in terms of links between distributive justice and social / economic rights and between the social justice of recognition and collective/participatory rights. 2) Human rights and power, exploring how social work can draw on the activist tradition associated with Saul Alinsky and freedom movements that collectively promote equality for marginalised people, while critiquing inflationary use of the term ‘empowerment’. 3) Human rights and disability politics, considering complex interactions between the disability movement’s emphasis on civil rights and the implementation of social rights. 4) Human rights and law, outlining the use of human rights law to enhance social rights, resist injustice and promote cohesion, with examples from the UK. 5) The role of social work education in developing human rights social work, in particular teaching / learning related to critical application of the law.

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CEMLYN Sarah Sarah.Cemlyn@bris.ac.uk

Human rights, social justice and ethics

Ethical commitments link human rights and social justice in social work mission statements. Deconstructing both concepts links them more effectively in analysis and action. Renewed social work attention to human rights is paralleled by heightened legal endorsement and public awareness, wider expression in international conventions for example disability rights, and increased use of human rights moral discourse and legal protection by marginalised groups. Civil/political rights are concerns for many groups in contact with social work, for example in criminal justice, and combating disability oppression. More frequently social work’s engagement with marginalised people involves promoting social/economic rights, which are more overtly dependent on state­provided resources. Enhanced achievement of distributive social justice is closely connected to meeting these rights. Participatory rights are also increasingly acknowledged, with social work committed to facilitating the voices and decision­making of excluded people, articulating with the social justice of recognition. Partnership with diverse service users towards both forms of social justice is paralleled by shifts in ethics away from reliance on principles towards communicative engagement, reflected in feminist and indigenous perspectives. Examples illustrate how social work could learn from the activism of marginalised groups by making more explicit use of human rights discourse.

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COSTA Dalia daliacosta@net.sapo.pt

What works in public/private partnering and where can it lead us?

Relevance in relation to the theme of choice: By presenting the results of an empirical study in public/ private partnerships created to ameliorate the system efficiency in response to domestic violence victims, we intend to show how the redesign of welfare policies can be one of the positive results from new systems arrangement, enhancing the ability of social professionals both in public and in NGO services to intervene as professionals of social action. Subsidiarity is one of the principles guiding the redesign of welfare policies. Interpreted as minimum intervention by the nearest agent able to support someone in need has been associated with a political turnover to neo­liberal options deepening individualization and reducing public expenditures. The leading philosophy is social cohesion through civil society participation. One of the effects is the social intervention expansion through partnerships, intended to be more efficient and to build on evidence­based practice. We propose to show the strengths of partnerships as a strategic form of social intervention. We have studied the six cases of partnerships created to improve social interventions in domestic violence. The conclusions reveal that partnerships in direct social interven.

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ČIRKINAGIĆ Sandra BAKULA ANĐELIĆ Marinka sandra.cirkinagic@zg.t­com.hr

Family orientated support – postulate for suitable quality of life of children with disabilities

Observing society attitude toward persons with disabilities, the change of perception is visible; from totaly social exclusion to embracing them as equally community members. Contemporary society attitude toward persons with disabilities has got it's roots in specific social, economic and cultural conditions of each country. Family orientated support is direct to strenghtening of group in society which used to be resource of support to families. The approach base was the empowerment of family through connection of diverse programmes. Specialized support services have to provide unconditionaly maintanance and it has to be equally procurable to each client. Duty of these services is continuosly monitoring of clients life quality. In next few years, Croatia will have to make changes in social wellfare field for children with development difficulties. Right now, NGO sector has got most important role in alternative modes of social wellfare. This essey is dedicated to historic prezentation of family orientated support and gives reccomadations for necessary changes of supportive care for children with disabilities.

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DANIELSEN Inge ASUN Llena id@cvustork.dk

Pedagogical perspectives on social cohesion ­ a challenge for social professions

There is a general concern as to the fast changes happening around us, in our societies. This together with the flexibility, and as Bauman says, liquid borders, brings more diversity into our context, which means that our communities need to reconstruct themselves as to the feeling of belonging, the recognition and legitimacy of the institutions, and values of a shared society. These changes add tension to the balance needed beween individualism and community life. The process of socialization, and traditional institutions in charge of it, need to redefine their function and role, and their own legitimacy. This is an issue that needs a lot of reflection and discussion. If we consider our European framework, the EU is proposing a diversity of strategies to work with individuals for their participation and involvement in society (social inclusion) and the work of reconstruction and giving significance to the communities again (social cohesion). Nevertheless, to have policies at this level, the reconsideration of the need of having more transversal policies and a better cordination between social, economic, employment and probably educational policies is not enough. We need to work further as to the mentality; we need to build on shared values and on finding ways to balance diversity and living together. In the process, defined very broadly and generally in the previous paragraph, it is obvious that the social professions, and specifially social education and social pedagogy, have an important role to play. In our societies the citizens more and more, as Tofller mentions it, will need to be able to learn, unlearn and relearn in order not be excluded and to be able to manage diversity and change. For this reason we need to rethink the role of the professionals of the educational field to be able to get along with this process and work with the citizens to support them in developing new capacities and competencies for this new situation. Not only individuals need to learn, unlearn and relearn, also groups, institutions and communities are confronted with these challenges. It is now the moment to rethink the role and the function of the professionals in the social pedagogical field, and how they can be prepared to confront the challenges for this new frame.

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DAVIS Ann a.davis@bham.ac.uk

Engaging with the personal­ a mental health service user led approach to social work education

The Centre of Excellence in Interdisciplinary Mental Health, University of Birmingham aims to ensure that the knowledge, experiences and skills of mental health service users are fully utilised in the education of social workers as well as other professionals involved in the mental health services. This workshop presentation introduces an approach to the education of social work professionals that has been developed at the Centre in partnership with service users. It draws on a range of educational resources created by service users and seeks to orientate social work students to the impact that emotional distress and mental ill health has on individuals and their lives. It has been designed to challenge assumptions and develop a critical stance in relation to standardised forms of practice and services delivery. It is an approach which has been used with success in both the UK and Finland.

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DE BODT Michel BUYSENS Mattias CLAEYS Endy DE KEYSER Marie­Laure michiel.debodt.n5035@student.hogent.be

Acting socially, as a social worker

Social Workers in Flanders are operating in a variety of areas. Social Work students, therefore, are trained to become, either social counsellors, social workers, personnel managers or social­cultural workers. The students from the respective specialisations of the faculty of Social Work and Welfare Studies of the University College of Ghent are presenting some examples of good practices in Flanders. They will regard “social action” as a starting point for acting as a social worker: how can one contribute as a social worker to a just society and to a decrease of the mechanisms of exclusion? In the presentation of the examples of good practices the students want to emphasize in what ways the social workers have been able to contribute to this by their actions.

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DE BRAUWERE Greet VERSCHELDEN Griet DE VISSCHER Sven greet.debrauwere@hogent.be

Towards an interrogation of power dynamics in community practices

Social workers are often seen as architects, designers or contrivers of community practices. They seem to have a specific commitment in promoting equality and social justice, and in creating equal and supportive community practices. The problem is that these designed and contrived community practices often become instruments for social policies, and that this approach reinforces and pre­arranges social interactions and relationships, and sees (individual and community) identities as fixed and unchangeable. From the idea that there is a lack of community and solidarity, community becomes a myth or an ideal to strive for in social policies and practices, through promoting active participation and sustainable social relations. In this way the most significant feature of living together is denied: dealing with pluralism and diversity. In our study we investigate community practices as political practices: our research is concerned with how social workers in the context of diversity develop their work. This draws our attention to issues of power (in different conceptions: power over, power with and power from within), and the struggle of social justice and equality. What are different conceptions of power and empowerment? How do social workers and residents engage with power dynamics and conflicts in community practices?

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DE VAAL Jennifer VAN VLIET Pieter BORGT Wilma DE KREEK Mike jenniferdevaal@yahoo.com

Improving computer skills for empowerment and social cohesion

In 2003 an organization called Computerwijk started computer courses in the west part of Amsterdam. What made and still makes their approach special is that the teachers are volunteers and from the same neighborhood as the participants. More than 3500 participants have followed one of the courses since the start. This shows that, among other things, many people feel that they lack the more basic or advanced skills, and want to make use of the possibilities for their personal goals. Although the number of participants is more or less impressive, Computerwijk developed a need for more detailed information about the effects of their efforts. One question was about empowerment: how do the individual participants report about applying the new skills after having followed the course? Another question was related to social cohesion: how do the individual participants report on changes in their perception of their social network and participation in the neighborhoo? The Amsterdam School of Social Work accepted the challenge to research these questions. This led to a pilot study in order to implement a new questionnaire method. Both the results of the pilot study and the method with which Computerwijk can follow participants over a longer period of time, will be presented in this paper.

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DIDIER Reynaert BOUVERNE DE BIE Maria VANDEVELDE Stijn didier.reynaert@hogent.be

Children’s rights education as a social work practice

In contemporary discussions on children’s rights, the social practice of children’s rights education is predominately set forward as an implementation strategy to realize the principles of the UNCRC. From this point of view, children’s rights education is considered as an instrumental practice consisting of different techniques to achieve an extrinsic goal, characterized by teaching the content of the UNCRC. This prevailing conception of children’s rights education highlights the individual autonomy of children going together with the professionalization of the children’s rights field. It is an outlook that is related to the homogenizing trend in the dominant children’s rights discourse. In criticizing this position, we will demonstrate that children’s rights in this view are presented as a unique set of values having the same meaning for all children. As such, they become normative­exclusive, mostly to the prejudice of already vulnerable groups in society. Starting from a social pedagogical point of view, we see children’s rights education as a practice linked with the complex social conditions in which social work takes place. In our stance, we consider children’s rights education as a self­reflective and open practice highlighting the interplay between social work and society. By doing so, we stress the importance to consider children’s rights education as a practice of a collective and individual learning process to respect the rights of children.

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DOBROTIĆ Ivana ZRINŠČAK Siniša ivana.dobrotic@pravo.hr

Croatian family policy: Challenges of demographic ageing and pluralisation

The pluralisation of family forms is a common challenge in all European societies, including Croatia, although in a slightly smaller extent. Low fertility rate, postponement of family formation and increase of different family forms has thus become the main issue of Croatian family policy in the last 15 years. However, the issues of demographic ageing and family pluralisation have to be tackled by complementary though different policy measures. The paper addresses the main changes in family life in Croatia and analyzes the family policy which is indeed in constant changes and under political pressures. After gaining its independence Croatia passed several demographic programmes and tried only once to define its family policy. The main question is how family policy measures respond to the needs of contemporary Croatian family, what types of family are conceptualized as a base for different policy measures, and what are consequences of policy measures to different family forms. The question is therefore does family policy takes into an account pluralisation as a main trend and how it reconciles needs for demographic growth with the real life of different families?

71

DOMENECH LOPEZ Yolanda Yolanda.Domenech@ua.es

Support groups as system of informal organized to help people with disabilities

Support groups can be defined as small groups, made up of volunteer subjects, which aims to help one another to achieve a particular purpose (Katz & Bender, 1976). These, as organized informal support systems, may offer alternatives to traditional interventions of the social and health services. Some of the benefits fall into that are not economically costly, are accessible to people not being bureaucratised, the aid is in line with the needs of participants in the experience and not focus on a pathological approach. The communication that we presented, part of an extensive research on support groups for people with disabilities into the community of Valencia (Spain). The in­depth study of 19 support groups allowed us to learn about the structure, context, methodology, professional role and benefits of teamwork. Among the groups studied are some diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis ... and mentally disabled. This communication will describe the project, objectives, assumptions, methodology and the main results of the analysis and conclusions more relevant.

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DOMENECH LOPEZ Yolanda GARCÍA Josefa Lorenzo Yolanda.Domenech@ua.es

The Spanish immigration in the twenty­fir st century: An applied reserch to the field social services

The influx of immigrants for employment purposes and continues to have set a stage for changes in the Mediterranean coast and the interior of Spain (provinces of Castellon, Valencia and Alicante on the coast, Murcia, Albacete and Cuenca on the inside). These changes not only relate to the modification of the territory but many of them stemming consequences in the field of the social. This communication presents some results within the research project entitled “Immigration in the historic centers” funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation developed by an interdisciplinary team at the University of Alicante (Spain). In this research, sets out the basic features of the new groups emerging as well as the relationships and changes in the territory. Also, we analyze the consequences in various systems, social, economic, educational and urban development. This communication will present the outlines of the project and some of its results.

73

DRIESSENS Kristel kristel.driessens@kdg.be

Empowerment of people in poverty and social workers through dialog/training

The presentation shows the Belgian project “Bonding Power against Poverty”. Partners are: professors of universities from different disciplines as researchers, teachers of university college and people living in poverty. Together we build bridges to empower. We link scientific knowledge (sociology and psychology) about ‘poverty and helping relations’ with the social work practice and with the perception of people in poverty. The researchers and trainers write books and discuss the texts with a group of people in poverty and with focus groups of social workers. We create training programs for professional social workers and volunteers who work with people in poverty. People in poverty are participants in those training programs ‘as coaches’. We bring theoretical concepts about views on poverty and the fight against poverty, about the injuries caused by exclusion and about resilience, about strength based working and empowerment through helping relationships. We discuss difficulties in the social work practice and talk about concrete cases of the participants. Our coaches (people in poverty) bring their experiences and their feelings under discussion. That brings more mutual respect and a different perspective in the programs. In this presentation we focus on the added value of this empowerment and bridging.

74

DRITSAS Ioannis dritsas@teipat.gr

The Greek restorative probation service

The ideology and practice of the new probation service in Greece is based on the traditional culture which favours reparation of the conflict and the personal engagement of all parties involved in the dispute. The service has been in operation for just 2 years and the author presents the first empirical study of its kind concerning the ideological underpinings of the service and the everyday realities of its staff.

75

DRUŽIĆ LJUBOTINA Olja DELALE Eva Anđela KLETEČKI RADOVIĆ Marijana olja_druzic@yahoo.com

Psychosocial work as facilitator of social capital in community

Although the Homeland war in Croatia is over for more than a decade, it has left log­term consequences, especially in the areas directly affected by war. Long period of continuous psychosocial work in social reconstruction of post­war community will be presented as well as some empirical research data. Research findings and psychosocial work with displaced people and refugees in context of growing up in post­war conditions have discovered both unwanted as well as desirable outcomes. Being involved in continuous work through community­based psychosocial assistance program aimed to facilitate resettlement of displaced persons and social reconstruction of war­affected communities. Upon completion of this program, empowered professionals within community took initiative and proceeded psychosocial work through their own initiatives. Results of qualitative research relating to their current life and work in post­war community will be presented. Paper takes into retrospective from early professional application of psychosocial assistance in war and post­ war period to the later process of community activism through active involvement of local professionals who initiated and continued with the similar activities. Further more, they started their own non­governmental organization and unified their efforts and resources to address local issues, broadening the social capital and civil society within community.

76

DUBASQUE Didier d.dubasque@wanadoo.fr

The development of a collective social intervention: French strategy

The development of a collective social intervention: France strategy in order to reinforce the social cohesion. In France, the state secretary of solidarity asks the council superior of social work to write a report with the objective of encouraging collective social intervention. In fact, according to the authorities, social work given the opportunity for diminished persons act in a collective way reinforces social cohesion by encouraging and taking into account the local solidarities in the environments. The conclusions of this report advocate some actions in the different directions: the initial and continue training, the recognition by the employers of the needs to have in order to conduct a collective action, and the capacity of moving and taking risk. It means also to develop as the ANAS advocated different ways of taking action by the professionals and the institutions. This intervention includes three steps: 1. the report ordering by the French state through the council superior of social work 2. the contents of the report and the issues for social work 3. the suggestions of the CSTC report and the ones formulated by ANAS.

77

DUFFY Joe joe.duffy@qub.ac.uk

Citizens as social work educators in a post­conflict society – reflections from Northern Ireland

This workshop paper addresses the conference theme Social Conflict and Reconstruction by examining the part that service users and carers can play in contributing to social work education in a post conflict society. Research undertaken in Northern Ireland is used as a case study to show how such citizens can contribute to students’ understanding of how conflict impacts on individuals, groups and communities. The need to appreciate the effects of such community conflict is now a mandatory part of the Social Work curriculum in Northern Ireland. The paper explores findings from research with service users, carers and other stakeholders pointing to how social work students can achieve a critical understanding of conflict. Northern Ireland, in this way, is caricatured as a divided society, still adjusting and evolving, following a period of protracted community conflict and violence. The paper contends that individuals who have been directly affected by conflict can contribute in a critical way to social work students’ developing knowledge and experience in an important area of their professional competence. Case study material will be presented in the workshop to demonstrate the practical application of such teaching in the curriculum.

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DUNÉR Anna NORDSTRÖM Monica anna.duner@socwork.gu.se

Support networks of persons with psychiatric disablity

The aim of this paper was to explore the structure, interaction and function of the support networks of persons with psychiatric disability in Sweden. Data was collected by means of both a survey study and an interview study, exploring the reception of formal and informal support among persons with psychiatric disability. The preliminary results show that informal support was received more frequently than support from formal organizations. 60.5% of participants needed practical, social and medical support at the same time and 8.3% needed one type of support. To manage with their everyday life, both formal and informal support is needed. The family plays an important role in this, and it is essential to establish co­operation between the formal and informal support systems. The results of this study indicate that there is a gap between the support system design and the support needs of persons with psychiatric disability in managing their everyday lives.

79

EGOROVA Anna rusunisw@mail.ru

Empowering social workers in conditions of disaster and other extreme situations

1. Every specialist of “helping” professions is constantly suffering from inevitable stress. Intense and long­term communication with people gradually makes social workers tired, frustrated and exhausted. When a social worker can’t execute his or her duties in a proper way because of stress, we are dealing with the syndrome of emotional burnout. 2. The amount of stress and stage of emotional burn­out increases dramatically when social workers face the aftermath of a disaster – be that a terrorist act, an environmental catastrophe, etc. 3. Russian Union of Social Workers and Pedagogues, has initiated a project on supporting social workers in distress. The Project “Empowering women working as social workers in regions affected by disaster” functions in 3 regions of Russia that have been hit by large­scale calamities: Moscow, Kemerovo region, and North Ossetia­Alania region. 4.The main goals of the Project are: a) Distributing information on professional burn­out and action in extreme situations among social workers; b) Gathering information on professional burn out and social work in extreme situations. The information is summarized into guidelines on work in extreme situations with instructions to rank­and file social workers and social services administration.

80

ELLIS Kathryn kathryn.ellis@beds.ac.uk

Human rights and disability politics: The case of social care in England

This paper will discuss the relationship between human rights and the social model of disability by reference to social care in England. Whilst the social model was developed to campaign for social change, the contributor will argue that its coupling with civil and human rights has tended, paradoxically, to individualise struggles for social inclusion in a manner consistent with welfare retrenchment and the greater conditionality of social rights within advanced industrialised states. Recent developments in social care in England exemplify these threats to social justice. Firstly, the fight for greater autonomy on the part of disability activists finds resonance with narrowly functional and financial definitions of ‘independence’ underlying social care policy, including accelerating moves towards cash for care for which the disability movement has long campaigned. Secondly, individualistic rather than relational definitions of autonomy risk making common cause with consumerist constructs of identity underlying policy discourse. Thirdly, whereas social rights remain contested within the political arena, the state withdraws from civil and human rights once the legal framework is set. Yet it is this very contestability which permits disability organisations and professional allies alike to lay claim to the resources necessary to make a reality of civil and human rights.

81

ENRIQUE Raya eraya@ugr.es

Spanish reform of university education of the bachelor level

The reform of universitary education of social professions in Spain, in the framework of European Space of Hight Education, contribue to redraw the formatifs profils in order to adapt the latter to labour market of « social» (private, public or non­governmental sector).

82

FLORIN Lazar florin.lazar@g.unibuc.ro

Social worker in Romania – goes private!?

The social work profession in Romania was born again after almost 25 years of absence, shortly after the 1989 Revolution. The first new generation of social workers graduated in 1994, while in 2001 the first law for a national system of social work was issued. It is estimated that about 25 000 social workers have graduated from accredited universities nation­wide in the last 14 years. The National College of Social Workers from Romania (NCSWR) was created in 2005. About 1500 qualified social workers were registered with the College by the middle of 2008 most of them working in low­paid, public social services as civil servants. Under the current government, new regulations adopted by NCSWR are encouraging social workers to create their own practice, or professional agency, either by contracting­out services from public institutions or by charging users for services, thus aiming at transforming social work into a private profession. The first option is competing and supplementing services provided by NGOs, while the second one raises ethical issues. Is private provision of social work services increasing professional accountability or just challenging ethics? Can social work profession be for­profit or is just searching for its identity in a new democracy? Is it possible for the “freelance social worker” to be transferred into other settings/countries?

83

FORČIĆ Gordana gordana@smart.hr

Volunteering ­ a new value in social service institutions

For a purpose of better accessibility and quality of services, it is necessary to decentralize and, to a more significant extent, diversify social services that will be better suited to the needs of the various group users. This must include creating conditions for integration within the local communities, including the establishment of feasible and sustainable cooperation mechanisms between the relevant institutions, civil society organizations and the business sector. Over the last few years become visible the potential of volunteering in order to increase and enrich the quality of the services to the beneficiaries of social service institution on one hand and contribute to active citizenship in local communities. Workshop will present the overview of experiences, good practices and lessens learned from the perspective of the four volunteer centers in Croatia in the area of effective contribution of volunteerism with respect to the delivery of social services by the public institutions using the innovative tailor­made adult learning activities related to the volunteer management and active utilization of existing experiences/pilot­initiatives generated within the civil society organizations and business sector.

84

GADEMAN Mirjam VAN ETTEN Yvonne mirjam.gademan@hu.nl

Present approach motivational interviewing family network solution focused approach moral issues

Social professionals in the frontline are the workers who are the first to make contact with potential clients in their own environment. They try to get contact with people who won’t ask for help themselves. This is a different way of working because other people (neighbors, family, school, etc.) than the potential client are concerned. So, the outreaching social worker has to be creative in making contact with a potential client. Potential clients can be lonely older people, loitering juveniles that cause trouble people with depts. etc. This way of helping people is full of dilemmas. That’s why it’s important that outreaching social workers give the matter careful thought before they decide to go or not to go to a potential client. Outreaching social work can be helpful in avoiding pressure in accepting help, it’s meant to be preventive so that clients live in their own town and house with help they are willing to accept. The aim of the help is to empower people, to focus on their strengths and their capacity’s in stead of focusing only on problems they have. Methodical aspects from the outreach approach are: motivational interviewing, the present approach, solution focused approach, the social network of the client and working within a professional network. Outreach approach is a method which is constantly under construction because it’s also a reaction at the politics, the social environment, etc.

85

GALIĆ Romana UZELAC Zorana romana.galic@zagreb.hr

Do they experience us equally?

Civil society organizations are significant for the social policy development. Their strongest results are shown on the local level. They can most clearly express the needs, demands and expectations of the community group whose demands they represent. Civil society organizations should be able to pursuit programmes that have to be solved on that level. Social work as a helping profession issues many challenges for social workers. Social workers, apart from those in counselling within different institutions, are often professionals in counselling within civil society organizations. No matter where they are, social work demands personal engagement and professional accountability. Our aim is to find out do the service users experience social workers as equally accountable professionals if they come from civil society organizations or other institutions.

86

GALLAGHER Carmel KEOGH Philomena carmel.gallagher@dit.ie

Expanding the role of the social educator to work with older people

The objective of the symposium is to develop a dialogue on education and training for social care work with older people. The symposium will generate ideas on how social care training (social pedagogy) can enable staff to work with older people in new ways that contribute to greater social cohesion. The presenters will draw on their teaching and research experience in Ireland. They will provide empirical evidence on policy approaches and service development in residential, day and community services that have extended the possibilities for frail older people to be meaningfully engaged with others and with learning and creativity. Services for older people have developed considerably in recent decades in Ireland with little input from the social care profession (social educator). Departing from a medical model, a social care value based approach can increasingly be observed in the move away from large institutional settings to smaller homely units, the increasing emphasis on purposeful activity, participation by service users themselves in the programmes provided in care centres and in fostering links with the wider community. However, the implications for training have not been fully worked out. The symposium will address these new training needs drawing on experiences from different countries.

87

GEHRE Gunter Gunter.Gehre@khleuven.be

Development of educational competencies: ‘The real thing’!

Social workers operate in complex situations. One of their main tasks is to improve competencies of individuals, groups and communities. Empowerment, basic skills, abilities to deal with personal and social challenges are for social workers important goals to take into account. The challenge to develop powerfull educational environments appears for social workers as completely different from school programs: open ended, different needs of participants, ambitious goals of the suppliars, non­formal settings, etc. Standardisation seems to be contra productive if we talk about non­formal education. Contrary to this, creativity and innovation are crucial competencies for social workers who practice this kind of intervention. For several years we train future social workers for this competencies in a project based education. Small groups of students receive a real live task from a social work organisation (general goal, issue, target group) and compose an educational programme for one day­part. In our contribution we will focus on four matters: (1) How do we situate the educational intervention in a broader methodological framework e.g. the importance of relevant competences? (2) How does this project­based programme works in real? (3) What kind of questions have students to deal with? (4) What do we learn from our cooperation with social work organisations in the field?

88

GEVORGIANIENE Violeta JAKUTIENE Vida anamaria@charity.lt

Moving towards social cohesion in rural communities

After few years of individualization Lithuanian society rediscovers the advantage of aims, activities and identity, which are shared among the community members. The process of community development encourages social work professionals to learn to use community strengths as a resource to enhance individual and group wellbeing. The aim of the research which will be presented – to reveal expectations of rural communities’ social workers in Lithuania for their competence and to compare the results with the similar data from few other Eastern European countries. The research has been undertaken in the frame of Leonardo da Vinci project ,,Community development” (2006­2008). It has indicated that most Lithuanian rural social workers who participated in the training (N=68) envisage their readiness to work with rural community as the: a) ability to associate with partners in a network of organizations in order to raise resources and as b) development professional autonomy and self­reliance. However, many aspects of social policy, management, methodology, etc. remain unrecognized as guidelines for the competence development. It could be argued that these results reveal a sociocultural situation in rural communities, but also – the role and status of social workers in the country.

89

GILMORE Margaret KANE Patricia TAYLOR Mark gilmore.margaret@itsligo.ie

Developing accountability for practice placements in social care pedagogy

Social Care students undertake their practical work experience in many different agencies, which can lead to difficulties in setting objectives and the subsequent assessment of their achievements by staff. In response to this, students are coached to set realistic objectives which work in harmony with the course objectives. Students are guided in the development of a portfolio, in itself a valuable educational tool. The portfolio is designed to examine the key aspects of the student’s learning, based on the identified objectives. Assessment is undertaken using pre­determined criteria, adapted from Price & Rust Criteria Grid (Oxford Brookes University) to suit this purpose. We have developed a transparent system which the students will know in advance and strive to achieve using the adapted assessment grid. The presentation will provide an overview of the process which will be described and analysed.

90

GIMÉNEZ­BERTOMEU Víctor Manuel victor.gimenez@ua.es

Improving organizations for better practice: Quality factors for social work performance and accountability in Spanish social services

Most of social services are provided by organizations, with their specific structures, management processes and leadership. We present main results of a qualitative and quantitative research on organizational factors related to social work practice in Generalist Social Services in the province of Alicante (Spain). Participants were social workers employed as direct practitioners. Data were gathered from a survey (N=197; n=135; 69% response), and 14 discussion groups (N=170; n=139; 82% participants), focused on the characteristics of their current work context and their social work practice. Results have shown that organizational structures differ in size, work specialization and coordination. Weaknesses of work life are located in areas as fairness, workload, reward, and values. Problems of management processes are cohesiveness, communication, and skill development of staff. Finally, there are more work difficulties than advantages which stem from political and professional leadership of organization. To conclude, research provides evidences on the influence that organizational structure, processes and leadership have on the way in which social services are co­produced and on social work performance and accountability. Those factors need to be understood, revised and improved in order to achieve better service delivery and results, from the external (services) and the internal (professional commitment, satisfaction or burnout) point of view.

91

GIMÉNEZ­BERTOMEU Víctor Manuel MIRA­PERCEVAL Maria Teresa DE ALFONSETI­HARTMANN Nicolas victor.gimenez@ua.es

Promoting professional accountability in social work learning: An empirical research on the case method

We present a research on the case method in social work teaching. We used a questionnaire addressed to Social Work Degree students (University of Alicante, Spain) (N=310; n=247; 80% response), focused on the students’ perception of the method (learning and teaching support), and their overall evaluation of it (learning opportunities, difficulties, and help from lecturers). Quantitative data were combined with a mistakes analysis done putting the method in practice. From the students’ perspective, the research shows that the case method is a useful method contributing to the comprehension and application of theoretical knowledge, and to increase the interest on the program content. Supports most appreciated are learning materials, peer interaction, and teaching support. The method is perceived as a high difficulty activity that also provides a high learning. From the lecturers’ perspective, the case method helps to promote students’ professional accountability: to respect and learn how to work with differences, to raise ethical dilemmas, to identify professional resources, to differentiate own perceptions and rules of conduct from those of the clients, to confront personal values with clients rights, to individualize treatments, to clarify clients’ participation in decision making, etc. Finally, the study makes contributions to future research on teaching methods.

92

GIUDICE Elena elena.giudice@gmail.com

A bottom­up integration: an Italian case study. The partnership between Offerta sociale Community Juvenile Offenders Unit and the Regional Center for Juvenile Justice of the

Ministry of Justice

The presentation will report an effective bottom­up organizational integration. The accountability both methodological and financial would seem the key for a constructive engagement in building virtuous organizational circle.While integration in social services area is perceived by professionals just as an institutional task and a legislative mandate or a worth to implement good practices and work better, is a complex issue. In the first situation, network doesn’t create creativity and generative competences; professionals can’t invest on it because they haven’t taken place in the decision making, although they have to implement the integration plan. If professionals haven’t voice in the decision making the network could become self­referential. The presentation is based on an integrated good practice creates from the bottom: professionals have longed to punt into practice it. The collaboration has become a formal partnership in 2003, after 2 years of informal one, with the specific purpose to form an integrated work team. In the last three years advantages and difficulties of the integration process have been based evidenced due to a specific assessment of its implementation. The evaluation has allowed achieving a new “starting” point: a formal partnership with the whole Regional Center for Juvenile Justice, the unique both in the district and in Italy with a community center. The Community Juvenile Offenders Unit has been created in 2001 by Offerta sociale, a Public Company composed by 29 municipalities in the North­East Milan district.

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GIUDICE Elena elena.giudice@gmail.com

“Why it has happened to us?”: Group intervention with juvenile justice offenders parents in a community service

This presentation will report an ongoing practice evidence­based implemented in a young offenders social community service as answer to the feeling of families’ isolation and loneliness.After years of individualized practice with young offenders and their families, a lack in the process came out and teamwork spotted a common “file rouge” in dealing with parents that probably affects kids’ cognitive and relational skills. The focus has always been pointed on the offenders, but what about the legitimacy that parents give to them in order to tell their stories authentically? Which was the weakness in the professionals’ individualized work? Despite families appear included in their social context – work, town, school, extended families – it emerges a deep sense of loneliness and isolation coping strategy when facing lifetime crisis, feeling the only ones dealing with the drama of being a reported kid parents: shame, social injustice, isolation, defense are just few feelings connected with their situation. Parents group was designed with two objectives: diminish their feeling of loneliness and support them in finding new coping strategies through a facilitate group conversation. A persevering critical auto assessment can lead in changing practices and acting as organizational and community change agent.

94

GJORINGBØ Randi LIND Wencke Aamodt randi.gjoringbo@hib.no

Social work with elder ly people ­ a “new” task for social workers in Norway to prevent ageism?

The number of elderly people is increasing and within the next 35 years the number of people above 80 years will have doubled. The future elderly will have better health, be more resourceful and will influence more on the municipalities’ social services. This implies that new working methods and competences have to be developed – a challenge that must be met in the training of social workers. For the time being few social worker educations in Norway highlight social work with elderly to meet these challenges. A consequence can be that social services for elderly people also in the future will be carried out by staff without qualifications to take care of elderly people with different need. This project is collaboration between HiB and Uis and its purpose is to map out how social worker training courses in Norway and the Nordic countries focus on work with the elderly. The collected data will outline how social services for elderly must adapt to future demands. Data will be collected through questionnaires distributed among students and employees. Furthermore, the situation of elderly people as reflected in scientific publications and other documents will be examined. The project’s findings will be published in a report, in other publications and be disseminated at conferences.

95

GREEN LISTER Pam p.green@socsci.gla.ac.uk

Interagency working in child protection: Is co­ location the answer?

This paper draws on a current study which examines the advantages and disadvantages of professionals in child protection being co­located. The study is being carried out in two local authorities in Scotland. Previous research in this area has suggested that co­location did not lead to better communication in a straightforward way (White 2002; White & Stancombe 2003; White & Featherstone, 2005). This study uses a multi­method approach to gain an understanding of the processes of inter­professional communication, using interview data and an ethnographic approach. In the paper, the perspectives of key professionals will be presented with the focus being on inter­personal communication and organisational systems. The everyday interactions of professionals and the challenges these raised will be discussed. The discussion will address issues of accountability and professional responsibility in child protection work. A summary of proposals for future work in this field will conclude the presentation.

96

GRGEC­PETROCI Vlasta MARČETIĆ­KAPETANOVIĆ Mirjana na.drugi.nacin@zg.t­com.hr

Education and training for (potential) adoptive parents

Adoption is a special form of familial­legal care and protection of children who lack adequate parental care which enables people to become parents and start their families, and also helps children to grow up in a safe family environment. There are around 150 cases of adoption in Croatia each year. The Center for social welfare in Zagreb has received 183 adoption applications in 2008. Adoptive parents, unlike biological parents, have to guarantee in advance that they possess the traits and skills which will make them good parents. In view of that, the authorized center for social welfare gives their opinion on the suitability for adoption after social and psychological background checks. Some European countries and some parts of the United States also have systems which helps potential adoptive parents make the right decision for them. They have to attend an obligatory educational program, the so­called selective, preparatory courses for adoptive parents, during which they are expected to judge for themselves whether adoption is the right solution for them, something which does not exist in Croatia. Our aim is to present the program of educating potential adoptive parents, which the “Na drugi način” association has been running since September, 2005, and the evaluation of said program. For the purposes of this presentation, the participants of the program were asked to fill out a short questionnaire (N=80) with the purpose of gaining insight into the importance of such education for potential adoptive parents. The gathered results point to the justifiability of such a program and to the need, importance and significance of training and educating potential adoptive parents before the adoption takes place. Our intention is to draw attention to the need to study this topic, as well as knowing and understanding the main theoretical perspectives of adoption with the purpose of advancing the protection of children without adequate parental care.

97

GUINA Alenka MILETIĆ Edina PAVIĆ Mladen centar.za.socijalnu.skrb.trogir@st.t­com.hr

Good communications skills with clients as foundation of professional quality

Helping services are chain of trades whose primary interest is care of manking. Emotional stress, behavior problems and communication relation problems are interest of supporting proffesions, and social welfare field are dippiest trade that incorporated helping. Apart from professional knowledge, ability of setting communication and relation with clients as the main thesis needed for quality professional work of professional and competent helper. Achievement of quality relations with client is our personal responsibility and professional ability which provides achievement of our goals. In everday occupations we communicate with clients in stress, client in crisis, adolescents and their parents, eldery, persons with special needs, mentally disabled, poor. Our clients are often sad, angry, nervous, lost, sick, and desperate, they have great expectation, and they feel embraced or try to avoid communications. Are we always successful? Do we find right words? Do we know how? Goal of survey was to find out how the professional qualities depend on communication skills in daily work with clients and contribute to professional occupational quality and efficiency.

98

HAUSS Gisela gisela.hauss@fhnw.ch

Child protection in the force field of societal demands: A historical perspective (Switzer land)

Since its beginnings, social work has debated the autonomy of the family in relation to the power of state institutions to intervene in families for the sake of child welfare. In this respect, the relationship between family and state has demanded continuous realignment, and family interventions have been continuously reappraised over time depending on the prevailing scientific and political discourses. Reorientation occurred in Switzerland when changes in the predominant family model became manifest in the Swiss Civil Code (ZGB) enacted in 1912. The importance of state supervision over children and parenting increased, imposing restrictions upon parental rights. Parenting was no longer considered a merely private and family matter; child protection legislation meant that the state assumed control over the terms and conditions of childrearing. In our paper we consider, what child protection legislation meant in Switzerland, and explore to what extent state welfare actively placed childrearing and families in the force field of societal demands. Focusing on guardianship and youth welfare practices in St. Gallen our paper sets out to reveal how child protection became involved in assessing and classifying families and in enforcing social norms with regard to the birth rate, childrearing, hygiene, and householding.

99

HEINONEN Hanna HYYTINEN Riitta hanna.heinonen@stakes.fi

Focus on children – Finnish assessment practices in child welfare

Child welfare has been subject to a trend which has seen growth in the number of clients of child welfare services, the numbers of both open care clients and children taken into care having doubled in the last decade. In open care, the problem has lain in the unsystematic nature of work done and high levels of variation between areas, offices, teams and individual social workers. Since children`s and parents` right and equal opportunities have been compromised, and even child safety endangered, Assessment Practices have been written into the new Child Welfare Act, which entered into force on 1 January 2008. It is now clear how clienthood begins in child welfare services, and guaranteed that the entire process will focus on the child. The Act includes totally new provisions on when child welfare clienthood begins. In urgent cases, action must be taken as soon as the child welfare system is contacted. In other cases, the social worker must begin the investigation process within seven days. At the outset of an investigation, the child is registered as a child welfare client. The investigation must be conducted without delay and completed within three months of the initial notification. The assessment process must ensure the inclusion of the child, in accordance with his or her age. We must find ways of supporting child welfare workers n hearing children of different ages and understanding the child`s opinion. A host of methods exist for promoting the child`s participation, including various assessment scales, interview techniques, role maps, games, cards, forms and questionnaires. Since the assessment of child welfare service is still relatively new among social workers, they require a great deal of training and support in this respect. Those of us with university­level training in social work have offered this to students. However, new attitudes towards children and a rethink of family support orientation are also required. The new, child­focused approach is still in its infancy.

100

HERMANS Maurice m.j.hermans@hszuyd.nl

A virtual network around poverty: Bonding and bridging organisations

In this changing society different forms of social cohesion appear. The informaion age provides new means of communication. In recent years the web has transformed into a more social environment. Whereas some years ago the information aspect was dominant, nowadays the web provides means of interaction and (in)formal communication. In what way can social work benefit of these development? This workshop presents a good practice ‘Armoede In Limburg’, a web platform that provides information around poverty in the Netherlands. Besides news, a weblog and an agenda of poverty related meetings it also provides personal stories and grassroots initiatives. Several organisations fuel the platform with relevant information. Organisations that represent such diverse groups as migrants, elderly, young people and religious groups. Despite the different goals of these organisations there is one common issue that binds them: poverty. The strength of Armoede In Limburg is that it brings together, virtually and phycically organisations that normally might not meet each other. The physical meetings enhance the exchange of information but also provides a setting for developing a more joint approach towards poverty. A virtual community as presented here is not only a goal in itself but also a means towards building (physical) networks of organisations and professionals.

101

HILLEN Mia wim.wouters@khk.be

Europe is changing. Who cares? A study of the effects of individualization and social cohesion in social work

Objective: Participants will get an insight in the evolution of social cohesion and individualization, the different methods used by social workers in Europe to improve social cohesion and the challenges in education. The purpose is that participants find out about differences and similarities in Europe. Participants learn to think global, but act local. Content: We are six final year Social Work students at the KHKempen University College, Belgium. Given our interest in social work in Europe, we have chosen to write our dissertation on it. Today we live in a multicultural society that is changing continually. Since 2004 many new countries have joined the European Union, which means that a new Europe has been born. The enlarged Europe has to face many different problems: the multicultural society, economic poverty, child abuse, etc. Social change has brought about new tendencies like individualization that results from industrialization, liberalization and globalization. We decided to narrow down our research to individualization and social cohesion in Europe seen from the perspective of certain target groups or starting from certain topical themes. We want to hold a seminar in which we want to interact with other students, because they will determine the future of Europe. However, we also appreciate input from professionals.

102

HÖJER Staffan FORKBY Torbjörn staffan.hojer@socwork.gu.se

Care for sale. New public management in child welfare in Sweden

In child welfare, when young people are being placed in treatment institutions there is often tensions between economical and treatment oriented rationalities. Another tension concerns influence between different actors involved. The aim of this paper is to analyze what relevance the introduction of new forms of governance have had on the choice of placements for children at risk. (1) What influence does specific actors have in the child's placement process? (2) Which are the perceived experiences with the introduced NPM­system? (3) How does this form of governance effect the choice of treatment for the child? Interviews were made with managers at social services for child welfare in all Swedish municipalities (n=334); ten focus groups with social workers, managers, politicians, service users and care givers; content analysis of 51 child protection investigations. The results indicate that more than half of all Swedish municipalities has adapted to the general agreements for purchasing treatment institutions. Many claim administrative advantages, however in the individual cases there is a lot of disobedience towards the administrative agreements. Service users seem to have a low impact in the placement process. Perhaps NPM is an example of ritual governance in order to create legitimicy

103

HOMMEL Katrin katho.mail@gmail.com

The implementation of professional ethics in daily practice (German Study)

I will present results from a study I set up as part of my diploma thesis under the title "Ethics in Social Work ­ An Empirical Study About Ethical Standards And Their Implementation in Daily Business Practice". The survey is currently conducted anonymously via Internet with the support of the German Social Work organisation DBSH. German social workers are questioned with regard to the following: 1. Personal understanding and evaluation of ethical values; 2. Personal decisions and actions in the past when confronted with ethically challenging situations; and 3. Knowledge and use of the German Code of Ethics. At present, German social work shows very little awareness of the actual presence, and handling, of professional ethics in the daily business practice. My aim was a better understanding and some indication as to the respective relevance of personal values, education and professional guidelines as presented by the DBSH. This survey is based on research done in Australia in 2004 in cooperation with the AASW.

104

HOWE Alan COLLINS Andrea ahowe@glos.ac.uk

Ticket to ride ­ engagins students in personal learning journeys

Social work is a complex professional activity, and those engaged in it have to learn and adapt to changing legislative, policy and practice developments. Courses therefore need to support students to become effective lifelong learners. One tool that we have found to be useful in this development has been electronic portfolios (e­portfolios). There is an increasing interest in the use of e­portfolios to support more learner­centred and personalised forms of learning in higher education. Their use can aid Personal Development Planning (PDP) and Continuing Professional Development (CPD) with post qualified social workers. We have adopted pebblePad on our training programme as the e­portfolio students’ use to record evidence for meeting the National Occupational Standards, replacing the traditional paper based portfolio. The use of pebbelPad has enabled students to take ownership of these portfolios and to record their evidence in innovative and creative ways. Students are now taking responsibility for their own learning whilst on placement and tutors on the programme have been impressed by the amount of effort and the quality of the reflections on practice that students have produced. This presentation will discuss the advantages of developing an e­portfolio system for recording and evaluating student learning.

105

HOWE Alan COLLINS Andrea HOWE Madeline TREVITHICK Pamela ahowe@glos.ac.uk

Empowering learners – the role of ELLI in developing learning power

The Effective Lifelong Learning Inventory (ELLI) on­line Likert scale questionnaire has seven dimensions/scores designed to generate the ’Learning Power’ of an individual. These dimensions are: changing and learning, a sense of oneself as someone who learns and changes over time; critical curiosity, an orientation to want to get ’beneath the surface’; meaning making, making connections and seeing that learning ‘matters to me’; creativity, risk taking, playfulness, imagination and intuition; interdependence, learning with and from others and also being able to learn alone; strategic awareness, being aware of one’s thoughts, feelings and actions as a learner and using that awareness to manage learning processes; and resilience, the orientation to persevere in the development of one’s own learning power (Deakin et al., 2000). Tutors on the social work undergraduate degree programme at the University of Gloucestershire have been using ELLI with students in order to measure their ‘Learning Power’ and to devise strategies to improve their learning, with a view to providing students with the opportunity to become more effective lifelong learners and thus be better equipped to respond to the ever­changing demands of the complex and challenging legal, policy and practice agendas facing social worker practitioners throughout their working lives.

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HOWE Madeleine SKINNER Elisabeth mhowe@glos.ac.uk

Developing a community of practice for social work students

This paper describes research undertaken to further develop Wenger’s (1998) concept of a 'community of practice' and argues that it would benefit from a deeper understanding of community development theory and practice. As university classrooms extend from physical to online space, teaching has evolved from the transmission of knowledge (expert to learner) to the co­construction of knowledge in communities of learners. In relation to social work students, this suggests that educators need to be familiar with, and able to apply, the principles of community development and to be able to generate practical and collaborative strategies that can equip students with a sound understanding of the knowledge and skills required for the challenges, contradictions and uncertainties that are a feature of contemporary social work practice in the United Kingdom. In doing so, the aim is to ensure that during their professional training students are in a position to critically analyse and develop new discourses about what is happening in practice and to critically appraise what it means to be a social work professional. This understanding and critique is empty unless it is linked directly to practice and the community of practice also includes service users and carers.

107

HØYER BODIL Irene bih@sus.no

Suicide, a transcultural perspective

On a global scale there's been a substantial increase in reported suicides in the world, over the years, according to WHO (World Health Organisation). My professional background, working as a therapist/social worker at a psychiatric hospital in Norway, I must relate to the fact that many of our patients are at high risk when it comes to committing/trying to commit suicide. Among my professional priorities/interests, are how we approach immigrants and refugees, and attitudes on the matter. In order to gain knowledge I've looked at various recent studies on suicides and suicide intervention, specifically among immigrants and refugees, and I wish to share the conclusions with other social workers attending this European Social Work conference. I look into how structural elements influence the conditions of persons with an ethnic minority background. I also pay attention to key factors when it comes to therapeutic interventions with torture survivors. Finally, I present a few suggestions on the implications for health/social work professionals encountering migrant patients.

108

JELEČ KAKER Diana diana.jelec@gmail.com

Job satisfaction and workplace burnout in social workers employed in health care in the republic of Slovenia

Providing professional care to people is certainly one of the most beautiful professions, but it can also be very tiresome and exhausting. The goal of this research is to determine the level of job satisfaction and workplace burnout among social workers, employed in health care in the Republic of Slovenia. The social workers, surveyed in this research, were employed in general hospitals, community health care centres, psychiatric clinics, hospitals, clinics and health care institutes. The basic criterion for the selection was direct work with patients. The instruments used in this research are the general survey of socio­demographic characteristics, Job Satisfaction Survey, JSS (Spector, 1994) and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) – General Survey (GS). MBI is an internationally accepted instrument including three aspects / sub­scales: exhaustion, cynicism and professional efficacy. The results show that professional stress is present, causing job dissatisfaction and the presence of workplace burnout among social workers, employed in health care. The results are commented with respect to socio­ demographic characteristics. The discussion also includes possible interventions for reduction of dissatisfaction and prevention of workplace burnout for social workers in health care.

109

JENSEN Gro groj@hifm.no

Empowerment in Norwegian child welfare

The ph.d project is based on research on empowerment in child welfare in Norway. The main focus will be against youths and their capability to participate and make decisions in their own problem solving, with a Norwegian developed approach named Flipover. Flipover is a problem solving method in child welfare for youths between 12 and 18 years old. It is a social network method, based on young people’s empowerment and compatibility to solve their own problem in cooperation with their private and professional network and the local child welfare.

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JOHNSON Stephanie stjohnson@csu.edu.au

The role of social work in NAZI Germany from 1930­1945 a western perspective

This paper will explore the role of social work in Germany pre and during the Nazi regime. The paper will examine the role and the implications of social work in the implementation of Nazi social policy in German society and the ramifications. Moreover, the paper will examine whether social workers had a voice, in the implementation of social policy of the National Socialist Worker’s Party (Nazi Party). This paper is written from the perspective of a Western Gentile reviewing the implications for social work as a profession involved in the Nazi social policies of the day and the lessons learnt.

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JOHNSON Stephanie stjohnson@csu.edu.au

Where am I? An Australian social work educator in the European educational setting

This paper will explore an account of an Australian social work educator’s experience in working in the European higher educational setting, namely the British and Austrian higher education systems between 2006 and 2008. This paper will discuss and compare the social work education curriculum in Australian as compared to the Austrian and British social work curriculum. Moreover, this paper will also examine the cultural and language differences and barriers in teaching within a European context. Differing student and teacher expectations of social work education will also be explored within this presentation. This paper promises to be a dynamic presentation including interactive audience participation and vibrant discussions. Be prepared to be challenged and entertained!

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JOHNSON Stephanie stjohnson@csu.edu.au

Yoga and counselling in the treatment of major depression: Social problem

To determine whether the benefits of the combined treatment of solution focused counselling and yoga is more effective than counselling treatment alone in the management of major depression within the university student population. This paper is about the ways social work can alleivate social issues such as mental health issues.

113

JUUL Søren srjuul@ruc.dk

Solidarity, recognition and justice

The main purpose of the symposium is to contribute to the formulation of a non­excluding concept of solidarity of relevance to contemporary society. With this endeavour I continue a long sociological tradition which began with Durkheim and which views solidarity as the cement of society. My assumption is that in the present individualized and culturally diverse society there is an urgent need for a new form of solidarity to create social cohesion. My theory is that a reformulated concept of solidarity must avoid both functional determinism and the contrast between “us” and “them”, both of which are characteristic of traditional conceptions of solidarity. In addition, in contemporary secularized societies, solidarity can not be based on the belief in God. Rather it must be seen as a moral philosophical or normative ideal which represents a reaction or alternative to the lack of recognition in present society. Thus I shall argue that solidarity is about recognition and about a fair distribution of chances for recognition. This normative ideal may function as a standard for critical research and as a guideline for people in their moral struggles. As such it is also highly relevant for social work research which I have demonstrated in the book “Recognition and judgement in social work” (written together with Peter Høilund). The ideas and concepts developed in this book have heavily influenced the Danish debate on social work during the last three years or more.

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KALPINI PAPANDOPOULOS Chryssi ckalpinipapadopoulos@dundee.ac.uk

Professional views and experiences of child protection in Greece

Objectives: To explore the ways in which professionals from the areas of social work, education, health and police force view and experience child protection system in Greece. Method: A qualitative approach was used. The sample consisted of hundred participants. The respondents were called to express their views in relation to legislation, policy, guidance and agency responses to referrals, assessments and support to children and families. A questionnaire was used. The findings from the close and open­ended questions are presented in a narrative form. Results: The ways professionals perceive the child protection system is that there are not unified laws only for children and minimal policies and guidance not helpful for professional practice. Lack of coordination and absence of national register on the part of the agencies reduces professional competence with regards to assessment and support to children and families. Evidence has shown that the main responsibilities for the current child protection system lie with public prosecutors and the policy makers. Conclusions: Findings highlighted the difficulties and the impact the existing child protection system has on professionals’ competence. Respondents’ viable recommendations will be presented with regards to the development of a unified and more effective child protection system.

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KANTOWICZ Ewa ewakan@uwm.edu.pl

Contemporary dimensions of professionalization of social work in Poland

Professionalization of social work across Europe is connected with the mainstreams of the social developments and challenges related not only to the reconstruction of welfare systems ­ answering some social problems and serving citizens in civil society, but to evolution of a social work profession itself ­ requiring extensive education, higher competences, and creating normative and epistemological basis for the development and integration of the European citizens. Discourses made by the author are the options of analyses regarding a wide range of problems referring to the contemporary aspects of professionalising and academising social work in Poland as a one of European Union countries. Creating a space for the exchange of ideas about the social work profession gives an opportunity to define perspectives for future developments of social work concepts and practice. The author’s intention is to present the possible ways of constituting professional identity of social workers as viewed from her own research perspective. She attempts to introduce some standards of higher education in Poland, which become indicators of the professional development. Analysing the contemporary dimensions of the real and symbolic professionalization of social work in Poland, the paper will show professional situation of social workers status and their roles in changes and improvements at the field of the social life of Polish vulnerable people. The author hopes that discussing some issues related to developments and conditions of higher education of social workers in Poland (also due to the activity of Polish Association of Schools of Social Work), will invite to intensification of the comparative research in the sphere of social work professionalization and thus will favour consolidating social work as an important profession and a scientific discipline in Europe of XXI century.

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KILPELÄINEN Arja SANKALA Jukka arja.kilpelainen@ulapland.fi

Information technology (IT) as a tool to improve education of social work

The distances in Finland are huge and especially Northern Finland is sparsely populated. Hence, IT has a crucial role on teaching social work. It is a natural part of teaching and practice. In Finland it’s possible to study social work in six different universities. All the universities are independent, but the Finnish National University Network for Social Work (SOSNET), a joint institute for social work encompassing all six of the Finnish universities, provides an excellent environment to use IT in teaching. SOSNET has organized several courses, which benefit IT in teaching. This gives possibilities to study in remote areas. Because of regional and professional demands the department of social work in the University of Lapland is starting the second Information Technological Master Program of Social Work. This education program combines sciences of social work, applied information technology and technology. The program stresses applied IT, how to use IT as an instrument of social work. By using IT there are more possibilities to educate qualified social workers. It’s one answer to growing demands from society to educate professional social workers also in sparsely populated areas. Using IT also standardise the professional skills and enable adequate level of professional improvement.

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KLETEČKI RADOVIĆ Marijana URBANC Kristina DELALE Eva Anđela marijana.kletecki@zg.t­com.hr

Challenges of users' participation in social work education

To be included means to have equal position for negotiation, agreement and intervention, as well as to be able to asses the situation from own perspective and to be taken seriously. It takes the whole system to be prepared for inclusion of new participants – service users in social work education. Experience has shown that process of users' involvement in education often takes place spontaneously and unplanned, which does not mean necessarily that it goes in a right direction, especially when it deals with vulnerable, marginalized groups. For future social workers it is very important to have the opportunity to develop sensitivity for participatory and empowering approach toward users and their concepts of involvement in the process of higher education. This is also important for developing social work practice, tailored by users and reflecting their perception of being helped and being able to use that help. Experiences in users’ participation in social work education at Zagreb’s Department of Social Work will be presented and discussed. Expected outcomes are in developing more understanding of users’ involvement in social work education, sharing experiences on users’ involvement and promoting partnership between users, professionals and academic community.

118

KOKKONEN Tuomo tuomo.kokkonen@chydenius.fi

Social rights vs. human rights – Social work profession in the context of changing citizenship

We often see social work in a context of strong nation state and relatively stable civil society. This paper argues, that it is a mistake to take image of 20th century social citizenship as a valid representation of contemporary social reality. In today’s world citizenship is a process, speeded up by globalization, and transformations in the area of work, family, media and ecology. Building on up to date discussions over citizenship, I classify the trends in evolution of citizenship into two broad categories, 1) the erosion of social citizenship, and 2) the expansion of human rights. In the gloomiest prophecies the erosion of citizenship is associated to “the end” of citizenship. However, human rights do not have to be an abstract and juridical supplement to conventional forms of citizenship. In the form of the new, emerging elements of citizenship, like cultural, ecological and health rights, and the right to identity, the human rights dimension of citizenship can have an intensive contact with social problems of everyday life. For social work profession, the situation analyzed in this paper is a challenge as well as a possibility. A double strategy is needed to protect the interests of social work clients, and to improve equality and welfare. Social work should be both, 1) critical to the dismantling of welfare state and cuts in actual social rights, and 2) work intensively and internationally to broaden its scope to issues of culture, ecology and health risks.

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KOKKONEN Tuomo ALHO­KONU Sirkka MATTHIES Aila­Leena SVENLIN Anu­Riina VIROLAINEN Sanna tuomo.kokkonen@chydenius.fi

Social work as adult education – challenge for teaching methods and theory­ practice – reflection

This poster will present a new BA and MA programme of social work studies composed for students who are already working as social workers. Kokkola University Consortium Chydenius is the second campus of University in Jyväskylä, and it’s specialised in adult education. The social work training in Kokkola follows the joint curriculum with the main campus of Jyväskylä, but the teaching methods are addressed for part­time students who are mostly already working in the field. The programme offers:

­ adult students according the idea of Life Long Learning ­ Open University as the institutional frame for the BA­level and University frame for

MA­level ­ combining campus and distance learning methods ­ using new technology i.e. Blended Learning ­ using actively the working and life experience of the students ­ constantly aiming at critical theory­practice reflection as a particular chance of the

setting ­ co­operating intensively with the social work field institutions in the networking form

of Research and Learning Clinic in the rural region ­ establishing intensive contacts with the regional municipalities which are funding the

programme The idea of the poster is to inspire a discussion about and networking of European social work teachers around adult educational settings. Further, as we are looking for interested contacts EU­wide network for social work education for adults.

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KRANJČEC Nataša RAZLOG Božena STERGAR Željka natasa.kranjcec1@zg.htnet.hr

“What happens when...“

We all know that relations between a client and a helper may get complicated. This is especially the case in social work in working with children and young people. Our intention is to illustrate the relevant experience of working with children and young people.We also want to see a little bit of humour of the situations,which sometimes helps us to cope with difficulties we encounter in our everyday work. Quality? Quantity? Don't we sometimes feel like "assembly­line workers“? Does fulfilling the quota mean quality? Creating relations is the key. But it is often skipped over and instead of it we reach for the mechanisms of control.It is much easier to tell “this is right and this is wrong“. Consequently, young person has no idea of what his/her responsibility would be. What is important is to set the boundaries – for, not against the young person. Using control and rigid rules for setting the boundaries often results in falling into a trap. Admittedly, there is an instant “result“– obedient and depersonalized person. What about responsibility? How can possibly depersonalized person assume responsibility and meet the expectations of the society? We must also ask ourselves whether we nurture our own personal responsibility. Is it hidden behind various mechanisms of control as well? Trust and respect should be gained through the process of relationships development. This process involves characters,stories just as well as the process of comic strip creation does.

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DE KREEK Mike HILVERDA Joke VAN EEKEREN Annemarie m.de.kreek@hva.nl

The power of neighborhood stories

The Amsterdam Historical Museum started an outreach project in 2002 leading to an online collection of neighborhood stories. The website www.geheugenvanoost.nl (Memory of East) was originally set up temporally to support the exhibition OOST­an Amsterdam neighborhood in 2003. But it still exists and contains more then a thousand stories today. The involved social organizations and the network of writer­residents pushed the museum to keep the website going. Recently, the museum initiated a new collecting activity: stories about neighborhood shops throughout the whole city. This is part of an exhibition in 2010 about the history of small­scale neighborhood shops and their social functions. Many visitors of local social organizations will get the chance to learn how to write and publish a story about their environment, often with a picture. At the same time they work on their computer skills.The Amsterdam School of Social Work is involved in the outreach work and the research activities. An important question is what it means for an individual to write and publish a neighborhood story. And what are the collective effects for the local community? Both the outreach model and the research questions will be elaborated on in this paper.

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KUČKOVEČKI Milka CAHUNEK ŽUNEC Marija ZVEKIĆ Mirjana marija.cahunek­zunec@stampar.hr

„Having right of being happy children“

On the poster there will be shown works of the children involved in group and individual treatments of the Psyhiatric hospital for the children and youth in Zagreb. Works/drownings have been made by the children who were treated with the problems in school (aggression, anxiety, disorder of concentration, refusing of going to school, retreating from their friends, family, etc.). On individual drownings there are shown experiences of the children due to their family. Through the group drownings there will be shown how do they see their place in the family, in school and among their coevals. In the works there can be seen the course and the changes during the therapy. The problem/doubt of the therapyst/social worker to harmonize the responsibility and commitments to the young being is the responsibility of not hurting it's dignity. This problem shows specially in the communication with other institutions (social care, school, etc.) but also with the parents. How to protect the rights according to the Law of protecting children's rights, ethical code and professional secret. Especially due to the problem of stigmatization the children who are treated in special institutions.

123

LACROIX Marie BELEN AGRELA Romero marie.lacroix@umontreal.ca

Refugees and multiculturalism: New ways of conceptualizing citizenship

Discussions on social cohesion within multicultural societies are central in today's context of unprecedented international movements of populations. Within categories of people moving about the globe, asylum seekers and refugees constitute one group that has been relegated to the margins not only of social and immigration policies, but also of a great deal of social participation in host polities. Social workers play an important role in the integration processes of newcomers and this includes supporting initiatives that come from these populations in terms of promoting new forms of citizenship. This paper is based on the results of a study seeking to define strategies asylum seekers put in place to facilitate their long term integration. Strategies include the creation of social networks that serve as a support mechanism and as a means of recreating a sense of 'home' and provide new venues for full citizenship in all spheres of the polity. For social workers there are important lessons to be learned here; not only do these networks show important forms of social capital they also reflect, on the part of refugees, a true willingness to become active partners in broader processes, within a more inclusive society.

124

LAITINEN Merja RANTALAIHO Ulla­Maija Merja.Laitinen@ulapland.fi

Child protection and the under lined cases in the rural areas as a professional challenge

Child protection, web­based e­consultation and social work expertise are analysed in the context of sparsely populated areas in the Finnish northern periphery. Web­based e­ consultation may offer one possibility for social worker to act in the best interest of the client. It may provide a channel to efficient and a good quality social work in difficult, underlined cases in child protection. In child protection social workers encounter sensitive, morally laden issues. Social workers have to define what lifestyle choices are justified and what aren’t and to solve problematic situations caused by unwanted choices. Social workers have duties to their clients, profession and society. It is evident that moral decisions have an effect on people and their immediate community, but they also affect social work and society at large. It is all about the realisation of the principles of fairness and equality. Social work values and ethical background and personal ethical engagement are in the focus of a good quality encounters. Present societal situation demands strong agency from the social work. Expertise including different skills is one part of the strong agency. For example both substance skills and personal skills are needed; value skills and knowledge are as important as method and change skills in efficient and in a good quality social work.

125

LAKLIJA Maja MILIĆ BABIĆ Marina BERC Gordana mlaklija@pravo.hr

Family cohesion and attached parenthood as the correlates of social outcomes of youth

Early experiences with parent have an important role for healthy growth of individual (Ajduković et al., 2007). Through parenthood are accomplished developmental assumptions of the independence of young person, who on that base creates abilities for participation into society (Cleaver, 2004). In that context, the adolescents’ perception of parental attachment and family cohesion are significant factors for development of their self­esteem, peer relationship, independency, and progress in education and their participation in society (Aldgate and Jones, 2004). Studies show that low level of family cohesion is associated with personal and societal difficulties of youth and their low social adjustment (Harold & Conger, 1997). Secure parental attachment is connected with adolescents’ mental and emotional health, higher level of self­control and stronger intimate relationship (Klarin, 2006). The purpose of paper is to recognize the potentials of youth for independency, self­actualisation, socialisation in new environment, and society. The results present correlation between family cohesion and parental attachment with the socialisation outcomes of young adults. The sample consists of the students of the University of Zagreb (N=233). In research are used questionnaires of parental acceptance/rejection (Rohner et al., 1978), family cohesion (Olson, 1981) and parental attachment PAQ (Kenny, 1985). The data are analysed by multivariate methods.

126

LAMBLEY Sharon CARTER Ed s.lambley@londonmet.ac.uk

Adult care in Europe and the social professional curriculum

Across Europe traditional relationships between governments and citizens are being transformed by neo­liberal ideas. These changes provide both opportunities and threats for social professionals, whose role emerged in post war welfare systems, to address some of the worst aspects of capitalism. Today, in adult care services, the role of the social professional has become strongly influenced by management and economic perspectives which have to be balanced with the values and knowledge that underpin social professional work. However the adoption of a new language and new practices does not appear to be happening at the same rate or in the same way across countries creating a need to understand these differences and similarities. In addition, academics today question whether they are educating students to become compliant agents of social policies, or whether they are providing sufficiently critical frameworks and new knowledge to enable students to challenge neo­liberal ideas in a transformative and positive way for service users. This paper will critically reflect upon the changes that are occurring in welfare provision across Europe in the field of adult community care, and explore the social professional roles that are emerging, and the educational needs of these professionals.

127

LAZUTKA Romas lazutka@ktl.mii.lt

The welfare regimes of new European Union members

Quite rich literature on the issue of European social welfare models mainly deal with the West European welfares states. However, it is not yet clear what social welfare models shape new EU members. This presentation starts analysing main theories of ideal welfares regimes and principal characteristics of three traditional models. Applying principal characteristics of three traditional models, statistical data, and results of hierarchical cluster analysis author introduces renewed typology of EU social welfare models. Some new comers of EU (Czech Republic and Slovenia) can be classified in the traditional conservative­corporatist rather than in the post­communist regime. However, there is little doubt about the existence of the specific post­communist social model. New EU member states show different paths of their social welfare models’ development. Although three Baltic States are classified in the post­ communist social model, they are distinguished for the least social spending despite fast growing of economies and high demand for social protection. Presentation comes to end with most important outcomes of post­communist social model.

128

LAWRENCE Susan HENDRICKS Peter s.lawrence@londonmet.ac.uk

Involving service users in social work education in Europe

There is a growing commitment to involving social work service users in social work education in several countries in Europe (e.g. UK, Sweden, The Netherlands). The involvement of service users is very important in shaping the curriculum through prioritizing the skills, knowledge and values they identify as important qualities for social workers. Where they are active partners in social work education programmes, service users can bring their own skills, knowledge and experience and thereby improve the quality of the curriculum. The aims of the workshop are therefore: (1) to discuss how service users are involved in social work education in Europe; (2) to provide a forum for service users to share information and (3) to further engage the interests of service users in future European social work education conferences. The EASSW will be providing the opportunity for a number of service users to apply for funding of up to 50% of their costs to attend the conference and participate in this workshop.

129

LILLO BENEYTO Asunción GARCÍA Josefa Lopez Asuncion.Lillo@ua.es

The supervision as a tool for quality in the intervention of social work

The purpose of this communication is to show how monitoring in the professional context, from a systemic relational perspective, supported in the process of cyber and the theory of human communication, helps to enhance their professional skills and personal growth, tools, also necessary, to improve the professional quality. With this model of monitoring, where each of the sessions is structured into three different spaces, well differentiated in this communication, exists an emphasis on a learning process. In this process, there are two fundamental parts, first the patterns of inclusion or exclusion that the supervisor regarding the professional or professionals use, and second the process of relational accommodation along each of the monitoring sessions to be conducted by the supervisor. Concluding, the proposal of monitoring that we present here will be useful to provoke a change in the mechanisms of the "view" of professionals which can produce changes in the mechanisms of the "view" of the individual object of our intervention.

130

LITTLECHILD Brian b.littlechild@herts.ac.uk

How do we compare social work and social education systems in different countries and regions?

This workshop is led by a member of the Standing Committee on the World Census Committee from the Board of IASSW. It will engage participants in planning the World Census 2010. The purpose of the Census project is to provide the educational community and wider social work community with both cross­sectional and longitudinal data on social work programmes that tracks the development of social work worldwide and provides vital information about the growth of the profession. The 2000 world census and 2005 membership survey elicited data in three areas: (1) programme structure (affiliation, enrolment, staff demographics); (2) the extent of international exchange activity; and (3) the curriculum (course content, length, fieldwork). Although the 2005 survey was considerably more focused than the 2000 world census, methodological issues severely limited the reliability of the data. This workshop provides an opportunity to contribute to the questionnaire development and structure, to maximize the usefulness of the data collected for programme development, by considering the relative value of the questions and recommend areas for exploration. It will also give participants the opportunity to explore concepts of comparative social work and social work education in different countries and regions.

131

LORENZO GARCÍA Josefa DOMENECH Yolanda Fini.Lorenzo@ua.es

Extra­community foreign immigration in the Spanish Mediterranean area

This paper deals with the analysis of changes and repercussions in various spheres in municipalities on the Mediterranean coast. These changes lead to new situations in the local lifestyle as a result of the arrival of, in the case in question, an extra­community immigrant population, often on a massive scale. The areas in which this is analysed are, amongst others, those of housing, education, employment, commerce and spheres dedicated to leisure and coexistence. Some of the questions which become apparent are connected to municipal social policies as well as education and employment policies. We also observe the way in which specific measures are being dealt with and are being carried out in the face of the arrival and settling of this immigrant population. This is a relatively new phenomenon in a country like Spain, which has traditionally been characterized by emigration and whose immigration has been internal, taking place between its different territories. We are dealing, therefore, with a new phenomenon of great complexity in which cultural diversity, as well as other issues, requires answers of various types.

132

MACINTYRE Gilian STEWART Ailsa gillian.macintyre@strath.ac.uk

Parenting with a learning disability: What works in supporting parents?

Parents with learning disabilities have traditionally represented a socially excluded group within local communities. This paper will explore the role that advocacy plays in enabling parents with learning disabilities to have their voices heard, building community links and supports and assisting parents to become active citizens. In recent years the number of parents with a learning disability has increased, although there is very little statistical information available to support this. Research suggests that when adults with a learning disability become parents they are often judged as inadequate and neglectful by social services and assumed to be incompetent (Murphy & Feldman, 2002; Booth & Booth, 1996). The result is that these families become over­represented in child protection figures (Olsen & Clarke, 2003). Research has suggested that advocacy plays an important role in assisting parents to negotiate these systems, allowing their voices to be heard more effectively (Mencap, 2007). This small study aimed to identify the likely demand for advocacy services to support parents with a learning disability living in Glasgow, Scotland. In addition the study aimed to illustrate the lived experiences of parents with a learning disability, highlighting examples of good practice in terms of what works in supporting parents. The research found that parents experienced disadvantage in relation to a number of areas including child protection, poor housing and poverty. Interventions to support parents were often provided during a crisis rather than as prevention and a lack of accessible information disempowered parents in a number of ways. Parents often did not meet eligibility thresholds and found it difficult to access support for themselves. Advocacy performed a number of key functions and provided effective outcomes for parents with learning disabilities.

133

MAJDAK Marijana BERC Gordana BLAŽEKA KOKORIĆ Slavica marijana.majdak@pravo.hr

Comparison of perception of social self­concept in juvenile offenders and their peers

Youth or adolescence is developmental period known for identity development (Lacković Grgin, 2005) and picture of self (Dacey, Kenny, 1994). Difficulties in youth social development and forming healthy picture of self can mark their social functioning. Youth in Croatia are facing "double" transition: going through the stage of growing up and preparing for permanent social roles and living in society transforming into another form (Ilišin, Radin, 2002). Former studies show such societies confuse youth and encourage development of socially unaccseptable behaviour (Piko, Vazsonyi, 2004). The paper shows research results about social self­functioning in male attendants of secondary schools (N=432) and male perpetrators of criminal acts with non­institutional and institutional sanctions (N=372). The goal was to determine weather youth with socially unaccseptable behaviour in Croatia (perpetrators of criminal acts) percieve their social functioning worstcompared to their peers who did not commit criminal acts. Social self­functioning was examined by Social self­ functioning scale OSIQ (Offer, 1992.). The OSIQ questionnaire was used to acesses perception of social functioning of examinees in closer environment, in society, moral values and school and work functioning. The differences between groups are by t­test and analysis of variance.

134

MARDEŠIĆ Vedran ŠKRMETA Petar BUDIŠA Vinko POLJAK Ivica vmardesic@yahoo.com

A community based drug control program in the City of Split

Psihosocial activities and approaches to healing and re­shaping the capacities of citizens which contribute to rebuilding community with an improvement of the quality of life. The city of Split has faced a sudden increase in the missuse of drugs from 1985 on. Estimates of the real dimensions of the drug abuse in our community since early times were not consistent. However, with the comparison of the research results from the Services for treatment of the illnesses related to the addictions; relating to the the research form the City of Split and from the published data from the health, police and judicial data bases; we can conclude that a number of heroin addicts in the City of Split are not smaller from the number of 1200 and in rarely exceede 2000 adddicted persons. In the Report of the implementation of the National Strategy and the Plan of Action, reduction of the missuse of the illegal drugs in the Republic of Croatia for the year 2007, given data is from the Split­Dalmatian county where is from the total number of 823 treated persons, where 771 persons are addicted to opiates. Host will be Cenacolo Community, however, other relevant services will be invited.

135

MARKOVIĆ Nedjeljko FIŠER Stela markovic@udruga­pragma.hr

Active citizenship as a feature of community development The paper analyses the concept of active citizenship and citizens' participation in voluntary activities in their communities, and the influence that it has on the development of a democratic society and the improvement of social inclusion of deprived groups (the elderly, youth, migrants etc.). Education for democratic citizenship and human rights (EDC/HR) is one of the priority areas for the Council of Europe, while Croatia, as a country that strives to reach a high level of society democratization, develops the potential of young generations to critically rethink the reality through the same activities. It is the authors' thesis that the steps (social services based on the needs of the community) taken from the non­for­profit private organizations, the business and public sector alongside the state's interventions based on national strategies and policies, can have an impact on the decrease of social exclusion and the prevention of communities' social problems, if they are grounded on the plurality of social relations, stakeholder partnerships, developed systems of monitoring and evaluation, and connecting social, economic and health factors. The paper will consider communities in Croatia where social – humanitarian, health and environmental projects are implemented, and based on citizen participation using the ecological perspective (Bronfenbrenner, 1979; Žganec, 2002), the holistic­integrational approach (Dominelli, 2005) and the secondary data.

136

MARTÍNEZ­ROMÁN María­Asunción masun.martinez@ua.es

A new social work education in Spain: Challenges in the process of changing

The guidelines of the European policies (Bolonia) promote a competence­based education for social workers. It is well understood that this competences­based focus should not suppose a “taylorization”, and therefore education must include social work principles and values. For this reason it is a key topic to identify such competencies: who decides the competencies or the professional profile of the social workers? How and who designs the educational profile of the new degree programmes? This paper presents the results of a research process and networking experience in Spain (1996­2008) in the context of a deep process of change in which future social workers education is immerged. Social work education cannot ignore continuously changing social realities or developments within professional training that tries to promote fairer societies. On the one hand, in Spain, such changes are produced in the context of European educational convergence process. On the other hand, we can underline the role played jointly by universities and social work professional representatives, before that convergence process began in Spain. Risks and opportunities are also analyzed and compared with the situation of other European countries.

137

MASTELA­BUŽAN Vesna vesna.mastela­buzan@mzss.hr

The challenges of inter­institutional and inter­sectoral cooperation ­ the contribution of the Memorandum on Social Inclusion

The Joint Memorandum on Social Inclusion of the Republic of Croatia (JIM) puts a base to the measures to fight poverty and social exclusion. Signed in 2007, the document uses a multi­dimensional and comprehensive approach, requiring all areas of socio­economic life to be taken into account (labour market, social protection, education, housing, public services etc.). It has identified the main sources of social exclusion, the groups most vulnerable to poverty and social exclusion, the key challenges and, finally, the most important policy measures that can facilitate social inclusion in Croatia. All relevant stakeholders were included in the creation of JIM: state ministries, local governments, social partners, academic institutions, civil society organisations etc. Every year upon the signing of JIM, a report is made to evaluate the implemented measures and their impact. The poster will present challenges and the ways of prevailing them, during its creation and implementation, and the so far achieved results, such as the challenges of planning, coordination, monitoring and evaluation of the process and the challenge of being accountable for the reached decisions.

138

MATAITYTE­DIRZIENE Jurga SUMSKIENE Egle jurga.mataityte@fsf.vu.lt

Anti­stigma campaigns as means of promoting employment of users of mental health services

Research in the field of mental health shows that stigma is the main reason hindering employment of users of mental health services. Two anti­stigma campaigns as innovative measures of promoting inclusion of users into labour market took place in Lithuania in 2006­ 2008. Campaigns targeted strongly stigmatized society whose stereotypes and prejudice led to discrimination of users in the labour market. Aim: Investigate effectiveness of anti­stigma campaigns promoting integration of users of mental health services into labour market. Method: 1. Opinion poll implemented four times in two years period before and after anti­ stigma campaigns. 2. Survey of the opinion of business entities ­ employers. Conclusions: Complex reasons hindering participation of users of mental health services in the labour market require special measures targeting the whole society. Social campaigns aiming to educate society and confront existing stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination are one of the most popular fighting stigma strategies. Anti­stigma campaigns carried out in Lithuania in 2006­2008 can be regarded as successful. Society perceived the message and its attitudes towards employment of users became more positive. Positive changes in employers’ attitudes did not influence their behaviour: number of employers having negative attitudes towards employment of mentally ill persons has decreased; however survey didn’t show behavioural changes.

139

MATANČEVIĆ Jelena jelena.matancevic@pravo.hr

European Union and civil society in Croatia

The EU has been giving a greater recognition of organized civil society, especially since the last couple of years. Globalization, individualization, emergence of new and diverse social problems and needs have lead to demise of state and have put greater expectations and responsibilities on non­state actors in social policy – making. In this context, civil society organizations are often considered an important actor, and promoter of social inclusion. In the process of Europeanization, European norms, discourses and new policies are transposed at national level. When examining Croatia, current process of European integration has undoubtedly induce the Europeanization of national civil society, which can be observed in various policies and institutional arrangements. In the respective period, organized civil society has been given a greater recognition at national and local levels. The paper investigates how the EU affects the work of CSO in Croatia as the important actors in social policy – making and social service provision. Does the process of Europeanization steer the preferences of CSO when it comes to targeted users and particular policies? What are the dynamics between the incentives for strengthening of civil society coming from the EU and the existing national and local civic initiatives?

140

MATTHIES Aila­Leena aila­leena.matthies@chydenius.fi

The concept of subjectivization and the objectivization by welfare services

This paper focuses upon subjectivization as one of the core aspects of critical theory. It is discussed in the context of the current structural development in welfare services following the rationality of new governance. The aim of the paper is to point out the process of subjectivization of social workers and service users as a moment for critical self­reflection. The paper start with a short introduction to the concept of subject and subjectivization as treated by Adorno, after which a more generalised frame of core dimensions for social work between the ‘Real’ and the ‘Possible’ will be developed, applying the concepts of Adorno’s dialectic approach. Practical cases from the context of the Nordic welfare state will be highlighted in order to make the aim of subjectivisation more concrete, and for discovering and analysing the contradictions of current welfare policy. My main conclusion is that the subjectivization of citizens is not only their right or an indicator for progressive professionalism, but even a necessary pre­condition for a more just welfare policy.

141

MATTHIES Aila­Leena aila­leena.matthies@chydenius.fi

Kokkola social work teaching team Social work as adult education­challanges to renew pedagogy

This poster presents a new BA­ and MA program of social work studies specialised in adult education. Social work training in Kokkola follows the joint curriculum with the main campus of Jyväskylä, but the teaching program is modified to suit part­time students who are already working in the field of social work or social services. Key features of the BA and MA program: § Attention to the life situation of adult student § Life Long Learning § Using new technology i.e. Blended Learning § Actively reflecting working experience of students § Critical theory­practice reflection § Networking form of Research and Learning Clinic in the rural region

The poster inspires discussion and encourages European social work teachers to network together. We are planning an International Social Work MA­programme to be offered for adult educational part­time studies.

142

MCHUGH John DE ROISTE Aine FITZMAURICE Eleanor GILMORE Margaret MCCANN JAMES Celesta johnmchugh@carlowcollege.ie

Teaching and learning social care competencies – towards an integrated approach

This symposium will address the topic of the teaching of social care competencies with respect to national standards and emergent professional registration. Its underlying aim is to move towards creating a space in current programmes that would allow social care students to develop an integrated perspective on their development towards professional practice and beyond. Brief position papers will be presented on: • policy and practice • theoretical principles and practice application • pedagogical practices and personal­professional ethics • professional accountability and quality assurance Questions will be raised for consideration and using a world café model. ‘World Café’ is an innovative yet simple methodology for hosting conversations which will link and build on each other as people move between groups, cross­pollinate ideas, and discover new insights into the questions. This process enables participants to discuss the questions in small groups with feedback and feed­forward on both the topic and process recorded.

143

MEDAR Elmo elmo.medar@tlu.ee

Softening employment problems of the disabled people, based on the claster principal

For quite a long time a problem that needs to be solved in Estonia is the ensuring of the employment for the disabled people. In recent years, the rate of employment for disabled people and people with long­term health problems has been 26%­30%, whereas the employment rate for people capable of working reaches 66%. Nationally, special labour market support and services have been applied to help create jobs for disabled people, to incorporate the people to work and also to support the employers so that they would employ disabled people. Employers will receive labour­market support (salary subsidy) for incorporating unemployed people with lower competitiveness. In spite of active seeking of solutions to the problems with disabled people`s employment, there is not enough done in Estonia so that every disabled person who wishes to work can do that. It is necessary to find new and better ways of how to solve these problems. A good opportunity to solve problems with disabled people`s employment and to help create new jobs for them is to use the Claster principle. Implementation of the Claster principle means co­operation between different institutions who are interested in collectively finding solutions to problems that arise in the region. At the poster­presentation the Claster model for disabled people`s employment, which is planned to be used in Lääne ­Virumaa region in Estonia, will be presented.

144

MEDAR Marju marju.medar@ut.ee

The role of the university in regional cooperation

Pärnu College of the University of Tartu is an academic educational institution, established in 1996, which offers programmes in social work administration, tourism and hotel management, business administration and economics. The primary function of the college is to provide higher education, in­service training, and related services. Pärnu College is a higher education institution whose development planning follows the demands of society. The college plan is to focus on teaching and research in the service industry, on socio­economic research and on developing coastal areas. The college`s work is based on values such as professionalism; openness and innovation; cooperation and it aims to be customer­centred. The college aims to become a centre of excellence in the different branches of service industry in the Baltic Sea countries. The goal is to create and mediate through Service Competence Centre knowledge whish could be applied throughout society, in research and development, and in training and consultancy. The presentation will give an overview of the activities that have been undertaken together with the local municipalities as the providing service to the society and creating an innovation system, development of educational cooperation in the region, evolvment of leisure time programmes for community development, development of the in­service training and re­training based on the demand of the training needs of professionals in the region.

145

MELIS Bie bie.melis@kdg.be

“Emancipatory Prevention’: a contribution from an ethical viewpoint.

By means of prevention, social workers can improve welfare and health, because, as we say: “prevention is better than cure”! But is this always the case? Undoubtedly prevention intrudes on the interaction of individuals with society. To do this thoughtlessly may well limit people 's development opportunities. Under the name of ‘prevention’, intolerance and distrust can be exacerbated. In particular society’s insistence on mutual safety creates the excuse for excluding every possible risk. Is this always the right thing to do? In a period when everything is focused on efficiency and effectiveness, we sometimes forget to check if the aims that we put forward are acceptable. This shows that prevention is not a neutral concept. Not only do efficiency and effectiveness have to be considered, but also social ethics. Therefore social work has to introduce prevention projects within a frame­work of ethics. The concept of “emancipatory prevention” offers the social worker such a theoretical framework to develop prevention based on emancipation principles. In this theory we investigate the opportunities to respond as soon as possible, thereby increasing the options for everyone involved whilst taking into account the individual and the context. It is essential that the target group is encouraged to participate in all stages of this prevention process.

146

MILETIĆ Marica dom.za.starije.inemocne.osobe.dubrovnik@du.t­com.hr

The role of the Dubrovnik charity organization 'Opera Pia' in the quality of life of the Dubrovnik citizens with special reference to the welfare of elder ly people

The Foundation named 'Opera Pia' (Blago djelo) charity works is an important institution in the history of Dubrovnik, continually operating since 1350. It is actually a result of merger of several charity foundations, in fact nine of them, which is witnessed by the rich archival material kept in the Dubrovnik archives. By the middle of the twentieth century the Foundation has almost completely depleted its financial assets. However there remained numerous immovables. Since 1993 intensive work is being done on arranging and classification of the property as regards both legal and economic aspects in order to put it to further use, broadly speaking for charity purposes. The emphasis is put on non­institutional care for citizens. The objective is to provide for existential needs of fellow­citizens of every age above the level guaranteed by legal provisions while at the same time new forms of social care are being established which are not regulated by positive legal provisions, for individual and common benefit. Having this in mind he Foundation co­operates with relevant legal entities on the level of local community. Through the Service for care and assistance to elderly people various forms of assistance are provided in order to guarantee decent life to elderly people either in a house associated with the Old Folks’ Home Dubrovnik or within their family until their death or until their lodging in the establishment. As a rule the lodging in the establishment is made in the moment when, due to the worsening of their health condition, permanent professional monitoring and care are necessary which only this Home can provide. Using the services of these facilities elderly people in question are socialized more easily and quickly.

147

MILIĆ BABIĆ Marina RUSAC Silvia LAKLIJA Maja mmilic@pravo.hr

Recommendations of social care standards for families and individuals affected with the Alzheimer disease

Researches show that there are a number of social circumstances, making it harder on caregivers, and increasing responsibilities of caregivers, at the same time pointing out need for ensuring quality and professional responsibility of our occupation. Although many aspects of care are mainly covered with number of studies in past decade, not many of them deal with effect of different sorts of social support on the decreasing caregivers stress and the quality of life of caregivers. Studies show that availability of help at home services and other that provide support for caregivers effects decreasing feeling of burden put upon caregivers, postpones institutionalization of sick ones which increases quality of care. Since there are no scientific knowledges on mentioned issue in Croatia, goals for this study are: to determine used forms of rights and forms of help for families that provide care for person with Alzheimer's, to examine perceived need of caregiver for formal sorts of help and determine caregivers satisfaction with understanding and support they get from formal service providers. This research shows results of pilot study provided on pattern of caregivers of individuals affected with Alzheimer disease. Based on mentioned, aim of this work is to provide recommendations in making standards in social care for families and individuals affected with Alzheimer disease.

148

MILOŠEVIĆ Ružica czzs­osijek­obitelj@optinet.hr

How do others see us? What do we think about ourselves?

Often we don't know who we are and what we are doing. Then we ask ourselves how other people who don't have any tangent with our work except that they are occasionally our clients estimate our work. To get some knowledge obout ourselves and our work trough perception of others I will use information about a small research that I plan to conduct:

A) With one senior highscool class whose pupils are preparing themselves for studing (20 pupils)

B) With one group of our clients who are residents in Retirement Home (20 clients) C) With one group of randomly chosen citizens (20 citizens) D) With experts from different field who have some information about our work

(journalists, medical staff, professors, judges, etc. 20 persons) E) With social workers (20 persons)

Questionnaire would contain only 3 question that are obvious from title: What is social work, who are social workers, what is their job? Research that will be conducted on approximately 100 participants could inicate level of social workers' knowledge for new challenges of globalisation and how much citizens believe them, how much citizens know and how desirable is that profession. Benefit for social workers is discovery of their professionality, as well as guidelines for future work. How similar are views of us and citizens, and which are posible conflict areas as a consequence of actual situation. I expect interesting results.

149

MODAK Marianne mmodak@eesp.ch

From the private to the public sphere: Social work and the professionalization of care

Social work is faced with budget restrictions which may cut at its core; care can be seen as a sign of identity, of resistance but it could also increase the vulnerability of the profession; thus the study of care isa crucial task. A research (observation and in­depth interviews) of care practices carried out by social workers has shown that care is far from being a naturalized characteristic of social work, which could justify its lack of recognition : care is professional work and we have been able to identify its emotional, relational, ethical – among others – dimensions. Making these aspects of care visible is an important issue for demonstrating the value of professional work: it may however lead to an impasse, if the alternative to care naturalization leads to its measurement and its control, for instance under the cover of standardized quality procedures. With this central question of measurement in mind and on the basis of our research, we will show how ­ through comparative analysis of social services, professional profiles and by an examination of the very conditions of the production of care ­ we highlight the risks and costs of care work for those who carry it out.

150

MOŠTNJAK­SKUPNJAK Vesna vesna.mostak.skupnja@gmail.com

Social workers' need and interest for preventing professional stress programme

Social care system deals with a great number of public competences which continuously increase every year. Such state is the result of reducing and i re­definition of social rights in other systems (eg. health, pension and employment system) from which some rights were carried into social care systems. Social workers are faced with great number of clients who represent the most risky social groups in a society. It is very important to give the clients full information, help and support, and provide them with good quality, professional approach. In regards to that, the social workers are getting into a disruption between professional standard of services and the inability to provide full and complete help and service. Social care system should take care of the mental health of their social workers. Therefore, long term observed; it would lead to the progress of the whole social care system. The results carried out in the area of Zagreb County will be shown in this presentation, they concern the professional stress of social workers and their need for professional stress prevention programmes.

151

MOUNIER Marie­Geneviève magem@club­internet.fr

Human rights training: To get a professional implement in a context of social cohesion at European level

In the second year training the aim is to get students able to deal with main social issues. This is our concern now. Our report includes three parts: First: What Human Rights education is given to French students in social work? Second: Two situations with reference Human Rights at micro meso macro level about individual and environment, institutions and social policy, National or European 1.How to respect the elderly persons Rights and keep them at home? 2. Balance between childs' rights and without citizenship parents’ rights when the child is seriously in danger with a very bad health 3. Ethical and professional practice following this work. How to process between individualism and solidarity for a better social cohesion.

152

NEČASOVÁ Mirka FRANGER Gaby necasova@fss.muni.cz

On the move

Social work with immigrants has to face multiple challenges. In the book “On the Move”, which was written within EUSW network and which we would like to introduce at the conference, the authors present the history, the developments of integration programmes and the treatment of immigrants and minorities in different European regions. It shows the approaches of social work and social workers that were developed through these processes. The articles can be read as regional studies that allow basic approximations of the different histories and situations, but also as case studies presenting elements that are similar in social work throughout Europe. Acc. to Ihle, in terms of interaction, process and change, three important dimensions of competence need to be understood also in social work: the construction of self as a multiple identity­project, the dynamics of interaction based on multiple identities, and shifting from a fixed definition of assigned qualities to a more process­oriented interpretation of the situation and the context. In this respect, the previously used strong bias on categories and fixed pre­ understandings might be a hindrance to contextual sensitivity in the perception of minorities in the Welfare State.

153

NOTTINGHAM Chris ROBINSON Chris c.nottingham@gcal.ac.uk

Change, continuity and crisis in child social work in Scotland

Recent research into Scottish social work points to a continuing crisis in services for children. The official report on a recent high profile case states 'Most of the staff who worked with family are no longer working with children and families ... the majority of newly qualifying social workers have stated that they would prefer not to work with children and families.' (Social work Inspection Agency, ' An Inspection into the care and protection of children in Eilann Siar.' Scottish executive, 2005) An investigation undertaken for the '21st Century Review', the most comprehensive investigation of social work in Scotland since the establishment of the modern generic profession in the 1960s, supported this finding. (Scottish Institute for Excellence in Social work Education, 'Key Capabilities in Child Care and Protection', Scottish executive, 2006). In this paper we shall provide a broad historical perspective on the current crisis, identifying the distinctiveness of Scottish approaches and focussing on the changing balances of responsibility between voluntary and state sectors, changing public perceptions and requirements, and the particular construction of professionalism in Scottish social work. We shall also consider how this aspect of social work has affected the standing of the profession and the service as a whole.

154

O'CONNOR Tom tom.oconnor@cit.ie

Professional responses to societal failure of clients in care practice

The research challenges certain assumptions about social care practice. These assumptions are that clients’ care needs can be treated through a care plan, which ignores the structural factors contributing to the client’s need in the first instance. There is belief in the profession, emanating in the main from the discipline of therapeutic care, that the wider social­structural causes of illness and diseases, though interesting as context, are not part of the overall treatment plans. This is incorrect. This paper deals specifically with the conference theme ‘Personal engagement and professional accountability’. The current thesis is that social care practice in Ireland does not engage with the many of the factors which contribute as root causes of the marginalisation felt by social care clients. Advocacy and campaigning strategies are almost predominantly absent in social care practice in Ireland; fundamental structural issues such as the fai lure by the state to resource supported social housing or cognitive behavioural therapy on the public health system for mentally ill clients are examples of the failure to move away from individualised care solutions where the emphasis is on ‘doing the best you can for the client’ on a day­to­day basis where the ethos is closer to the a charitable model and is far removed from social rights. As a result, the accountability of this type of professional practice for clients has to be questioned. Social care needs to have a radical agenda.

155

OLSSON Klas –Göran Klas­Goran.Olsson@hhj.hj.se

Active citizenship by inviting and encouraging children in participating

Social workers have an important role in different kinds of preventive and community based social work. In doing this people are supposed to be empowered and strengthen as citizens. In reflecting citizenship today, there are tendencies that people are not interested in participating in municipality oriented issues. Therefore, children has been invited to take part in political issues in some Swedish municipalities. Mostly children are considered as a group which are underestimated regarding to their abilities to participate in important decision making. By inviting children into public decision­making, children has showed competence and impressing engagement. This is seen as preventive social work that prevent individualization and promotes social cohesion. The activities in two Swedish municipalities shows a good result from inviting children into participation in local decision­making. Even if this is a variant of preventive social work as well as social community work, it seems like professional social worker doesn´t pay attention into activities like this. Therefore it is important to spread the result from this approaches to all kinds of social work organizations.

156

ORME Joan POWELL Jackie j.orme@socsci.gla.ac.uk

Being accountable: Using research in educating for effective practice

This paper will discuss the relationship between prescriptions for social work education and professional accountability. It starts from the premise that to be ethical and effective practitioners social workers need to understand and make use of research in their day­to­day engagement with service users and carers. Utilising research, as one form of evidence, has the potential to enhance professional accountability. Critical use of research requires social workers to consider all available knowledge to act effectively in the best interest of those who use their services.. It does not have to involve standardisation of practice. The paper draws on the results of an audit of research teaching on qualifying social work programmes in the UK. The audit provides data on: what is taught; how research is taught and where research is taught. The findings reveal a diversity of pedagogical approaches, and methods of research utilisation. A recurring theme is that there is little or no attention to research in the practice learning element of these programmes. The results also raise issues of how research can be used as a resource in developing the quality and effectiveness of practice and increasing its accountability to service users and carers.

157

ORME Joan MACINTYRE Gillian CRISP Beth GREEN Pam HUSSEIN Shereen MANTHORPE J ill MORIARTY Jo SHARPE Endellion STEVENS Martin j.orme@socsci.gla.ac.uk

Preparing competent professionals through qualifying education in England

This paper draws on a three year evaluation of social work education in England. It explores changes in the way students conceptualised practice during their qualifying education and argues that personal commitment and ethical standards are part of quality assurance and professional accountability in qualifying education. The new three year undergraduate degree as the entry qualification for the profession of social work in England was accompanied by requirements designed ‘to prepare ‘competent professionals to take their place in dynamic multi­disciplinary settings’ (DoH, 2003). The evaluation of the social work degree involved a multi­method approach (Orme et al., 2008). One aspect was the use of written vignettes to ascertain changes in students’ approaches to practice between the first and final year of their study. The results indicate statistically significant changes over time and suggest that students had reached a level of skills acquisition appropriate for the completion of qualifying training (Fook et al., 2000). There is also evidence that they had become more discerning, reflective practitioners showing greater appreciation of the implications of social work interventions and growing awareness of the ways in which practice is influenced by policy and legislation which, it is argued, are aspects of professional accountability. The research team were greatly saddened by the death of their colleague Dr. Kate Cavanagh (1951 ­ 2008), and wish to acknowledge the contribution that she made to the project on which this presentation is based.

158

ØSTBY May may.ostby@himolde.no

Intuition or professional reflection? – Staff' s decisions faced with ethical challenges in the interaction with people with intellectal disbility

In Norway care staff most often carries out their services in the private homes of people with intellectual disabilities. As the staff often is alone with the person, the services have to be confident that the practice is based on sound ethical principles. Aim: One of the aims was to study whether vignettes could enhance the staffs’ ethical reflections. Method: Vignettes based on field­studies, describing ethical challenges, were developed in a stepwise procedure to secure the validity. Staff was interviewed about their thoughts and suggested decisions in response to the vignettes. Findings: The findings show the validity of the chosen vignettes and their ability to facilitate ethical reflection. Care staff seems to substantiate their decisions either based on intuition or on reflection. Conclusion and recommendations: Vignettes describing ethical challenges may be used to facilitate care staff’s ethical reflection. The system should provide for time and opportunity for the care staff to enhance such reflections, as a tool to develop the ability to make good decisions and to prevent harm, abuse and neglect of the individuals. Further research should support actions to make staff reflect instead of act intuitive.

159

PANDUR Lovorka lola777@net.hr

Examples of good practice ­ experience of working with volunteers in Home for the mentally disabled adults " Turnić" , Rijeka, Croatia

Home for mentally ill adults "Turnic" Rijeka takes care of mentally ill grown ups and provides them accomodation, nutrition, medical care, nursing, social work activities and ocupational activities. The Home first included volunteers in its work encouraged by the Dutch experience (the "Matra" Project), by individuals that wanted to help the institution but also by the will of the staff to improve the work. Volunteers were selected form different NGO's and many individuals that had good will to help. The activities that volunteers cover are very different, from spending free time, help in feeding and nursing, technical work, spiritual needs etc. By involving volunteers in the Home's work, we raised the life quality of mentally ill, we built a more human relationship towards mentally ill and we lowered their stigmatization; also, the employees got help in their work, and the Home saved some money and worked on its promotion. To involve volunteers in the work of such an institution, it was important to inform the staff, to teach the volunteers that were first carefully selected and to conitnuously evaluate and coordinate all their activities, and, of course, to ensure them space and means for their work, but also human rapport and gratification.

160

PAULISCHIN Herbert herbert.paulischin@liwest.at

Back off! Or: How a community can deal differently with difficult youngster

An exceptional case of juvenile delinquency in a small Austrian town (Attnang) in the beginning of 2006, combined with abuse of alcohol, raised public attention and disposed politicians in the province government to take appropriate action. Instead of joining the general calls for more restriction, a project team with social workers was set up in order to analyze the situation and to develop a project. On the basis of the information collected, the project team was convinced to focus on the “social sphere” of Attnang. This approach allowed initiatives to be taken at different levels, including the implementation of a strategy focused on resolving the main problems youngsters between 12 and 18 faces. The name of the project is „Perspektiven“. The project aims to develop ideas to resolve social problems by utilizing all means of networking and intervention on all levels of the community. The project should be understood as an innovative approach to social work, actively setting initiatives in the whole system of a community aiming to change attitudes and perceptions, to promote a sense of responsibility and to look for new ways to solve problems. Several activities (sub­projects) have been used as models in order to promote creativeness when considering how social challenges can be tackled in alternative ways and future problems can be avoided (or diminished).

161

PAULSEN Nicolai AGTEN Jan vpeur@ifsw.org

Review of the international definition of social work

In 1996 the IFSW in conjunction with the IASSW established a working party to review the definition of social work. That work came to a conclusion in 2000 at the Montreal Conference with the revised definition was considered by both organisations. It was formally adopted as a joint Definition of Social Work in May 2001 at the IFSW/IASSW Meeting in Copenhagen. At that time it was agreed that the definition should be reviewed at 10­yearly intervals. This was particularly so in the light of the long gap between the revision of the previous definition adopted at Brighton (UK) in 1982. ACTUAL REVIEW. We have now started a review of the joint definition. The definition of social work has always been a point of considerable discussion. Whilst the existing definition has many strengths, any new definition must reflect the diversity of social work practice across cultures, continents and hemispheres. ACTUAL PROCESSA joint working party on the definition of social work is established. It is broadly based on the process that was used successfully for work on the Global Qualifying Standards and the Ethics of Social Work – Statement of Principles. The work on the revised definition is now in progress, aiming at presenting such a document to the respective meetings to be held in conjunction with the 2010 Conference in Hong Kong. The symposium will introduce the joint work in progress, and seek input and involvement from the participants in the ongoing discourse and debate.

162

PEETERS Jef ef.peeters@khleuven.be

Orientation of social work on sustainable development

Within the problem of individualisation and social cohesion sustainable development takes a crucial place, also in social work. The answer on the actual social­ecological crisis needs a transition into a sustainable society. This is only possible on the basis of new forms of active citizenship and communal wellbeing. Until now, the awareness of ecological limits stays mostly outside the attention of social work. However, the growing relationship between many social and ecological problems makes that some social work organisations have taken up aspects of ecological sustainability, and integrated them in their principles of practice. Social economy is an example. Such developments have not yet led to a vision on sustainable development as a central issue or a new framework for social work. Our contribution to the conference describes the research project SOWEDO of the school of social work in the Leuven University College, where we try to collect initiatives of sustainable development, both on the conceptual level and in practice, and to let circulate these findings in the education and the practice of social work. Exchanges of good practices, nationally and internationally, are also an important focus.

163

PENDARAKI Maria mpendaraki@yahoo.gr

Presenting the case of a community based approach, the one of the initiative for the defence of refugees and immigrants in Patras in building solidarity to forced migrants

and refugee

Patras in Greece is the first European port to the west where hundreds of forced migrants and/or refugees of Asian countries, mostly from Afghanistan, come through and/or reside and try to claim asylum. The presence of Afghani people have given rise to racist sentiments expressed by an active white middle class residents group that is undermining the bonding and the bridging of multicultural social relations. The purpose of this paper is to discuss these racist sentiments under the light of the European anti­immigration and anti­refugee policies and practices. The paper will also discuss how the aforementioned policies and practices construct the dominant discourse of the local government elected official in Patras which in turn legitimizes and/or mobilizes the resident’s group practices. Lastly, the paper will present the case of a community based approach, the one facilitated by the initiative for the defense of refugees and immigrants in Patras in building a civil society with multiculturalism and pluralism as inclusive principles.

164

PENNINGS Henk VERBIEST Griet PAUWELS Jos h.j.pennings@hva.nl

Urban culture and youth

In a society which is based on lifelong learning, finishing an education with a starting qualification is highly important. Unfortunately, a majority of European countries are facing an increase in youth dropping out of school without a qualification, with the Netherlands scoring the highest percentage. To explore the ways of empowering youth at risk, the Amsterdam School of Social Work started an EU funded action research project called Urban Culture and Youth (UCAY). Together with four European partners (Antwerp, Barcelona, Berlin and Ostrava), we are researching good practices that use culture (sport and/or arts) as a vehicle towards empowering youth at risk. We are focusing on cultural participation projects as empowerment vehicles since these projects address youth in a positive way, emphasizing their possibilities, in stead of addressing the negative limitations. We have chosen the urban area as research area, since the multicultural context of the big city with its charms, risks and challenges is most interesting when it comes to youth (culture). Together with UCAY partner Antwerp (after Amsterdam the city with the most cultural diversity), we would like to present the content of the handbook that will be the result of UCAY. Next to this, we would like to share insights with all who are interested in cultural diversity, social artistic alliances, empowerment through entrepreneurial learning and the tension between empowerment as an individual tool and social cohesion.

165

PÉREZ BELDA María Carmen MC.Perez@ua.es

Influence of welfare policies in men’s practices as caregivers

In this communication I will make a short review about men’s practices as caregivers. Many previous studies were focused on the role of women as main caregivers within families. Men are likely neglected in the research body of caring. The participation of men in tasks traditionally developed by women comes influenced by the gender construction and the context where they live. The purpose of the study is to describe men’s practices in care with wives in long­term care, in Finland and Spain, based on the research I did in my doctoral thesis. It has been a qualitative study based on men’s experiences in three countries, but in this communication I focus on a specific aspect in men’s involvement in care, the influence of welfare policies. It is necessary to open debate about men’s practices in this area to show an unseen work in many occasions and to reach the gender equality that most of women caregivers demand. Therefore, an important aspect in this communication is to show the influence that the different welfare policies has in men to be involved in caring in both countries and then to look at how social work can respond in long­term care situations, influencing and constructing the gender relations in societies.

166

PERRIARD Valérie CASTELLI DRANSART Dolores Angela ZBINDEN SAPIN Veroniqe valerie.perriard@hef­ts.ch

The introduction of the new “socio­educational assistant” profession (SEA) in Switzer land: Means of rationalisation? Means of professional improvement of quality?

A new training, “socio­educational assistant” (SEA), is available in Switzerland since 2005. It presents the particularity of being taught at a lower level of education than the other professions of the social field. The first SEA graduates entered the labour market in the summer of 2008. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the consequences of the introduction of this profession in terms of rationalisation and professional improvement of quality, based on the findings of a 2 1/2 years qualitative study. This study aimed to define the representations of the SEA’s professional profiles among four groups of actors involved in this new training: SEA trainees, school teachers, on­the­job trainers and informants. It combined semi­structured interviews (9; N=10) and focus groups (7; N=55). The findings show that the SEA’s professional profiles still largely lack specificities. They are built on contradictory definitions: the profile of a subordinate or a replacement; cheap labour likely to lead to low wage competition and to a general levelling of the social work professions; the profile of an expert on daily life matters; a valued profile representing an interface between professionals and users, able to improve the quality of the care provided to users.

167

PINTO Car la cpinto@iscsp.utl.pt

Social work in late modernity: What empowerment is possible?

The empowerment concept is a value, a methodological and theoretical principle, central to social work practice and social welfare policies in general. Nevertheless, the concept is polissemic and multidimensional, therefore also ambiguous, controversial and differently understood and practiced by different agents. That’s why empowerment is more than we would like to admit just another slogan, an empty word, legitimizing welfare practices, politically and theoretically. Knowing this, it’s fundamental to clearly define what empowerment we are really talking about, what empowerment is actually practiced in the field by social workers. In the context of late modernity in which we live and work, what social work practice is possible, and what practice do we want? What empowerment is possible in our social, economical, cultural and political context, and what empowerment is desired? To make our point we will present preliminary data from a qualitative study on empowerment representations and practices among Portuguese social workers.

168

PLUNKETT Stephen stephen.plunkett@gcal.ac.uk

The interpretation of mixed economy: Community care reform in Scotland

In Britain, the neo­liberal approach to social policy reform is perhaps best exemplified by the 1990 NHS and Community Care Act. Through it, Mrs Thatcher’s Conservative government attempted to establish a new system of care for the elderly, disabled and mentally ill. Based on a ‘mixed­economy’ approach, it proposed a shift in the function of state social work services; limiting their role as direct providers of care, instead emphasizing their responsibility as planners and purchasers of services from non­state sectors. The goal was to promote the increased use of voluntary and private providers, thus in theory developing choice, competition and value. This paper will discuss the way in which the community care reforms, and indeed the entire concept of a mixed economy, was received and interpreted in one part of the United Kingdom; Scotland. It will argue that Scotland was distinctive in so far as its senior social workers, local authorities and trade unions sought to challenge the proposed increased use non­state providers. Here, the interpretation of mixed economy instead placed emphasis on joint working between social work departments and local health boards, with only a limited and residual role for the voluntary sector. Moreover, the paper will present evidence that private care provision was actively opposed and discouraged in Scotland.

169

POHJOLA Anneli anneli.pohjola@ulapland.fi

New solutions of social work education in Finland

The presentation consists on two parts. The first is a description of national cooperation in social work education. In Finland the universities giving social work education have a common network: Finnish National University Network for Social Work (Sosnet). The network is building cooperation in master studies between universities. It organizes together professional specialisation studies leading to licentiate degree and post­graduate studies (PhD) at national level. The second part of the presentation is dealing with local solutions on contemporary challenges of social work education. For instance at the university of Lapland we have integrated applied information technology to social work education. Another optional choice the students can choose is gerontological social work as an answer to the ageing society.

170

POLJAK Ivica KRALJEVIĆ Slavko TANDARA Željko ivcapoljak@yahoo.co.uk

Human legacy: Oral history of the social work in Croatia

A historical overview of the legacy of the human experience and transferability of knowledge and skills to next generations of social workers in Croatia. University graduated social workers are carriers of the practical social work, and social action in Croatia. In the last 55 years over 2 000 persons have been educated for the profession of social work. Throughout social welfare services and social institutions, there is a huge amount of knowledge, experience and skills which have not been evaluated. Through the oral and video presentations during the conference, we hope to start an exploration of the outreach of the values and changes which have marked a Croatian social work practice. In the preparation of the seminar, we are hoping to engage all regional professional social work associations with a choice of the eminent social work professionals. Research on this theme will been done by the oral interview, camera video­recording and documentation in the written form, which will start on 01.12.2008, in the region of the Split­Dalmatian County, Coastal­Highlander County and the County of Zagreb.

171

PRICE Vicky SIMPSON Graeme v.price3@wlv.ac.uk

Developing community approaches in social work students

Community approaches to practice, which understand the nature of inclusion and multi­ culturalism, begin in social work education. Drawn from English social work education, and social work experiences, the paper explores how community approaches to practice begin with the development of specific skills. It argues that centralised and regulated practice, associated with aspects of globalisation, is challenged by encouraging students to engage with spatial and relational aspects of community. Social isolation, low educational attainment, low paid work and unemployment, leading to the demise of traditional communities in England and contribute to service users difficulties. Individualisation distorts social relationships at all levels. Practical, research based activities, with which students engage at an early stage of their studies, are presented. These are located within a sociological framework which emphases the importance of understanding economic and spatial relationships, community and social capital at both global and local levels. The authors argue that a “sociological imagination” needs to be developed amongst student social workers to help understand the totality of people’s lives, developing inclusive practice. The paper concludes with an analysis of student views – identifying the challenges and benefits of such an approach for inclusive and multicultural practice.

172

PRINGLE Keith keith.pringle@soc.uu.se

Swedish welfare responses to ethnicity: Children and their families

This paper focuses on issues of racism and ethnic discrimination in the operation of the Swedish child welfare system and the broader societal context. Given the central position of the Swedish welfare system – both empirically and symbolically – in current welfare debates globally, such an exploration represents far more than simply a local study. It draws upon both a qualitative research project that interrogated discourses about ethnicity, gender and age within the Swedish child welfare system and data from two transnational European research studies funded within the Framework 5 and 6 programmes. The paper suggests that the Swedish welfare system may be far less benign in challenging racism and ethnic discrimination in the lives of service users than it is when assessed along more “mainstream” comparative measures associated with poverty alleviation or issues of work in the labour market and home. The paper also notes that very similar findings occur when gendered violence to women and children is placed in focus rather than ethnicity. Finally some tentative possible explanations for these welfare patterns are suggested as the basis for future research and elaboration.

173

QUINNEY Anne aquinney@bournemouth.ac.uk

Social work journals ­ exploring different legacies and common challenges

This symposium seeks to engage with delegates to explore how journal editors and editorial boards can appropriately and effectively engage with social work academics and practitioners across Europe and beyond to promote and disseminate pedagogic and practice research evidence in the context of different legacies and common challenges. As part of a process begun at the Global social work conference in Durban, South Africa we hope to continue collaborative and creative discussion to create sustainable links between people, places and countries. Personal engagement with academic journals can provide the vehicle for professional development and critical debate that promotes and sustains anti­oppressive social work practice. Social work journals offer opportunities to explore different legacies and common challenges through publication of papers and through positions on editorial boards. Areas for discussion about personal engagement and professional accountability might include the role of international advisory boards, the effectiveness of special issues reporting on social work education and practice from countries outside of the UK, and potential themes for future issues. The session will be led by the Editor of Practice; Social Work in Action, a journal of the British Association of Social Workers, and Editorial Board member of Social Work Education, and will include opportunities for advice and support on writing for publication.

174

QUINNEY Anne PARKER Jonathan aquinney@bournemouth.ac.uk

Developing research minded practice; challenges and solutions

Informed by the work of Holden et al. (1999, 2002) and Unrau & Grinnell (2005), a funded research project explored how undergraduates develop self efficacy in research skills to support research minded practice. Students are encouraged to explore the research evidence from practice in order to develop skills which will guide future professional practice. A research self efficacy scale was developed, which can be used as a formative tool to monitor personal skill development, and can be used by educators to guide adjustments to the curriculum. This level of personal engagement in the delivery of research teaching materials to match student self efficacy ratings can strengthen professional accountability in pedagogic practice. The project provides a multi­layered case study of the common challenge of research capacity building in the students in the form of increased self efficacy in research skills and in the academic team as the project researcher/unit leader was mentored by a researcher experienced in this methodology. Data were collected from 3 cohorts of students and a comparison group was recruited from another university. The paper will explore the methodology, provide an easy to use self efficacy scale, and will consider some of the implications and challenges for the teaching of research skills in order to develop research minded practitioners.

175

RADULESCU Ana ana.radulescu@gmail.com

Improving community social work services in Romania utilising European fund

As a result of de­centralization in the structures of economic and social services in Romania, the responsibilities for community development and social intervention, which were previously at the national or county level, are now transferred to the community level. Due to the regulations of European funds alternative social work services can be developed, focusing on the particular needs of a number of target groups. The European Social Fund provides financial support for: development of (alternative) social services empowerment of stakeholders and project promoters (potential providers of social services) improvement of quality standards of social services through qualification of social workers; The extension of the funding sources beyond the welfare budget also sustains the employment of social workers in the community services. One important advantage of EU funded projects is the possibility to include national and international experts in building up strong community based structures. The main positive outcome of EU funded projects is the reform of services in the public sector as well as new partnerships with NGO’s. Together they have a better chance to succeed with their responsibility regarding the provision of professional social work and social services for those who seek support.

176

RADULESCU Ana PAULISCHIN Herbert ana.radulescu@gmail.com

Promoting quality in social work by using creative practice knowledge

In a rapidly changing world, there is a strong need to develop approaches that respond to the new social challenges. Social workers have to deal with a wide variety of situations in human life which continually request construction and reconstruction of theoretical and practical knowledge (Malcolm Payne, Knowledge Bases and Knowledge Biases in Social Work, Journal of Social Work, 2001). Social workers’ practice is significantly shaped by scientific knowledge. Nevertheless the personality of the social worker (used as a “tool”) and the professional relationship with clients is the main factor for sustainable and efficient solutions in the process of helping. The pure description of knowledge and skills does not fully reflect the competence of social workers based on practical experience. In practice the competences have to convey with the creativity in order to find solutions for new/unfamiliar and complex problems (Clark, C., Competence and Discipline in Professional Formation, British Journal of Social Work, 1995). Therefore, it would be necessary to consider the transfer of the implicit knowledge into a pool of explicit knowledge and the transfer of knowledge into professional standards of quality. The findings will enable social workers to enhance their expertise for making professional decisions in their practice.

177

RAFAEL Maria da Graça mgrafael@ualg.pt

Family mediation: A challenge for social workers

In a rapidly changing world, there is a strong need to develop approaches that respond to the new social challenges. Social workers have to deal with a wide variety of situations in human life which continually request construction and reconstruction of theoretical and practical knowledge (Malcolm Payne, Knowledge Bases and Knowledge Biases in Social Work, Journal of Social Work, 2001). Social workers’ practice is significantly shaped by scientific knowledge. Nevertheless the personality of the social worker (used as a “tool”) and the professional relationship with clients is the main factor for sustainable and efficient solutions in the process of helping. The pure description of knowledge and skills does not fully reflect the competence of social workers based on practical experience. In practice the competences have to convey with the creativity in order to find solutions for new/unfamiliar and complex problems (Clark, C., Competence and Discipline in Professional Formation, British Journal of Social Work, 1995). Therefore, it would be necessary to consider the transfer of the implicit knowledge into a pool of explicit knowledge and the transfer of knowledge into professional standards of quality. The findings will enable social workers to enhance their expertise for making professional decisions in their practice.

178

RAKERS Marc VAN PAGEE Rob STAM Martin RASIDAGIĆ Eshref Kenan M.H.rakers@hva.nl

Regaining constructive powers and chances within disordered communities

How can social work(ers) help regaining constructive powers and chances within disordered communities and families by entering their world and making contact with their mind sets. Do we as social workers have enough skills to cope with (the consequences of) serious social conflicts in and between social communities? How can we develop better skills to operate more effectively in this field? How can we connect community work with individual help? Three sub themes: 1. Violence: the social reconstruction of communities and the lives of their citizens and families, disturbed by severe (social) tensions and/or civil war. 2. Poverty: the social reconstruction of lives of citizens and families, disturbed by severe (rent) debts, social disorder and (material) poverty. 3. Dependency as a result of social poverty (by migration, addiction, infirmity etc.) How do social workers empower constructive chances within disordered communities and families, by pro­active social work, by developing commitments and by making contact with the strengths and possibilities of social networks of families, neighbours and friends? In these sub themes models of boundary crossing are presented: between organizations and methods like for example OSCE (Organization for Security and Co­operation in Europe), NEAG (Nederlands Expertise Centrum Alternatieven voor Geweld), Alternatives to Violence, Family Group Conferences, agencies of social work and civilians within communities. The main purpose of this symposium is the exchange of ideas, experiences and views, and interaction with practitioners and researchers, about conditions for regaining constructive powers and chances within disordered communities and families. The organizers are not presenting answers. We want to exchange methods and visions on strengthen the responsibility of social work in community (re)building, (re)developing social infra­structure and social participation.

179

RAYA DIEZ Esther esther.raya@unirioja.es

Would you know me? Community dinamization for the interculturality

The purpose of our communication is to present a project promoted by the Community Association Bitartean jolasean Entretanto Entretente of Álava, in collaboration with the UNESCO Chair at the University of La Rioja. The project aims to promote cultural diversity, learning about other cultures and sharing our own. The basis of the project is to recognize the deep importance of building bridges between cultures that coexist in the same community. This acts as an active mechanism for conflict prevention. The presentation describes the project in terms of objectives, activities, results, and funding. We will outline the role of different relevant professionals such as social workers, and monitors while including other interested parties, especially politicians, local organisations, and families. In conclusion, we will reinforce the role of the local mediation social worker, help to connect ethnic networks and interpret social differences, and galvanise Local communities.

180

REDERO BELLIDO Hortensia h.redero@ua.es

Consequences in families caregiving members with severe neuromuscular disease

In this communication I present some of the results from a research about the situation that some families live when some of their members have severe neuromuscular diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. The dependence generated by these diseases is very severe and causes significant changes in the rhythms of life for families, especially those who assume the role of primary caregiver. I analyze the processes that families live in these situations, from his own perception, and how the attention and dedication to care affects the lives of all family members, and have consequences, not only in the present, but also in their future personal and economic autonomy. To care for these situations have been established in Spain mechanisms of attention ("Law for the Promotion of personal autonomy and care for people in a situation of dependence") but its development is being very slow in some autonomous communities and families bear the main role in caring. To avoid these limitations in the families are required to develop diversified performances, both by the government and by entities such as mutual aid from the Community fields, to enable families to develop all their roles without an overload limiting their own development.

181

REELI Sirotkina VAN EWIJK Hans reeli.sirotkina@ut.ee

Perceptions on activating citizenship, roles and repsonsibilities

This abstract reports about a qualitative research among 48 social professionals, managers and policymakers and their perceptions on activating citizenship, social work, roles and responsibilities, carried out in Utrecht and Tartu. Professionals from both counties agreed to the idea of activating citizenship but stressing the perspective of personalized or lived citizenship: each person to his own capacities and embedded in the personal context. Nearly all respondents were critical about the recognition of social workers as a full profession, about the new management way of steering social work and about the co­operation between different groups of professionals and services. Although both countries have quite different historical and cultural backgrounds, the authors found many similarities among social workers about their ideas about support, participation and commitment to the people they work for and work with. International research projects contributes to a stronger recognized social work theory and social work practice by getting a better understanding, in particular for the way social work adapts to different contexts but from a highly recognizable international discourse within social work.

182

REICHERT Elisabeth Reichert@siu.edu

Tension between universalism and cultural relativism: A human rights perspective

The social work profession is only beginning to incorporate human rights into its policies and practices. To understand what is meant by human rights, social workers will need to understand underlying concepts. The two of the most important concepts in terms of understanding the application of human rights to policies and practices will be universalism and cultural relativism. Knowing how to analyze and critique these two concepts will be crucial to developing an acceptable standard of knowledge about human rights. Basic concepts underlying human rights present little that is new to the social work profession. The profession has a history of advocating for education, equality, health care, housing, and fairness, all of which fit neatly under the umbrella of human rights. However, what does present the social work profession with a novel challenge in respect to human rights concerns a truly analytical approach to the topic. Social work literature rarely addresses the actual topic of human rights and, when it does, usually only with cursory treatment. Detailed analysis of human rights documents and principles remains in an infant stage. Yet, for social workers to truly understand the significance of human rights to the profession, much more emphasis on human rights education needs to occur.

183

RODRIGUEZ Arantxa SOBREMONTE Emma VALLE CABALLERO Isabel esobremo@ets.deusto.es

The quality tools like guarantee of personal commitment for the social exclusion

In view of the increasing of standard ways put into practice in the social interventions in the different welfare fields, we propose the application of a “qualified tool” as a way for guaranteeing a praxis that can save the personal commitment and the professional responsibility. We present a “diagnostic tool”; the “DEI/IED” (Diagnóstico de Exclusión Individualizado / Individualized Exclusion Diagnostic) that pretend to attend social exclusion situations in a personalized way. This view considers the direct social intervention using the indicators system methodology in order to design inclusion/exclusion paths trying to enhance a High Quality of Services Policy. Since this point of view we believe that the application of new ways of guaranteed quality can contribute to the inclusion of ethic criteria inside the organizations.

184

ROETS Griet ROOSE Rudi griet.roets@ugent.be

Putting poverty into a melting pot of cultures

In this paper, we explore how social workers can revitalize a collective sense of belonging to the community of/with people with experience of poverty. Based on a recent research project in Belgium, we argue that we need to reframe the process of empowerment of people who are living in poverty from an individual social­psychological level to an actual, social­ pedagogical and political process of collective empowerment and resilience. We attempt to conceptualize an analytical and theoretical perspective that fuses a psycho­social and a socio­ political approach. A psycho­social approach to poverty contributes to dialectical conceptions of material experiences of poverty through an engagement with internalized oppression, psychological experiences of discrimination and the intra­psychic dynamic of the psyche and social environment. A socio­political approach interconnects the material, cultural and socio­ political agendas of activists and social workers, as a collective that creates and produces an affirmative and radical politics of poverty with a focus on social justice and change in societal structures and discourses. In that vein, we embrace the notion of radical pluralism which implies the provision of a public space in which the voices of different marginalized groups are heard to raise a psycho­socio­political understanding of experiences of sameness and difference.

185

ROLAND Liv liv.randi.roland@hil.no

The case of Norway ­ the Norewegeans and the newcomers

As the theme "Individualization and social cohesion" points out "the key question in many European countries today is how to bond and bridge social relations in industrialized communities when inhabitants/people have conflicting values, ways of living, traditions and religions". The new diversity is partly caused by the increased migration, especially from non­ western origins. European countries have responded on the newcomers in different ways. Each country follows their own track depending on national histories, traditions and social policies. A core question for the policymakers these years are if they shall make strategies moving to a multicultural rather than an assimilation model of integration. This paper focus is the 'Norwegian way' to cope with and meet the newcomers. Although Norway was a latecomer as an immigration country, migration and globalization has in many ways challenged the society the last years. Norway has always been a rather homogenous country in etnic terms and equality has been a hallmark in shaping the Norwegian welfare state after the Second World War. In policies dealing with the ideal of equality has also been a key issue for implementing strategies adapting and including the newcomers. The new composition of the population the last ten years pose a challenge to the ideal of equality. As the themes point out among others policy­makers are important player facilitating new forms of social cohesion and active citizenship. In Norway the policymakers have been a strong force shaping the diversity policy. This paper gives a historical sketch of the last 40 years by analyzing key white papers in the period. How do the policymakers receive the new diversity over time ­ and today? Is the equality­thinking a hinder or a strength coping with the new diversity? Do the equality­thinking move Norway towards a multicultural model of integration, or does it move towards an assimilation model of integration?

186

ROLDÁN Elena GARCÍA Teresa eroldan@trs.ucm.es

Social cohesion and social exclusion in the EU25

At the Laeken European Council in December 2001, European Union (EU) Heads of State and Government endorsed a first set of 18 common statistical indicators of social exclusion and poverty that were later refined by the Social Protection Committee. These indicators are an essential element in the Open Method of Coordination to monitor progress of Member States in the fight against poverty and social exclusion. The common indicators now form a key basis for analysis and EU policy­making in the social area, given that Member States include them in their National Action Plans on social inclusion. Adopting common indicators allows European countries comparative perspective and acknowledged the importance of the problem of social exclusion as well as the problem of in­work poverty and to be prepared to measure the extent to which participation in employment is not sufficient to escape income poverty. This certainly represents progress in the policy debate about the fight against poverty, where inactivity and in particular unemployment have long been the predominant labour market­related factors used to explain poverty. Also the difference between the countries should be studied under the diversity approach of the policy­making by the governments and to allow proposing models of welfare state.

187

ROOSE Rudi ROETS Griet rudi.roose@ugent.be

Structuring away the discretionary space for dialogue

Personal involvement gets frequently perceived as a key feature of social work. Nevertheless, we critically observe persistent managerial developments in social theory and practice that threaten the discretionary space for dialogue in social work practice. In line with a language of professional accountability (predictable efficiency and time investment), social work structures its present space and opportunities for dialogue into specific dialogical programs, methods and techniques. We illustrate these problematic trends on the basis of research in Belgian social work on the implementation of a social work method that aims to bridge the – stated – cultural gap between social workers and people with experience of poverty who are trained as “experts” to facilitate dialogue between social workers and (other) poor people. In this paper, we argue that these methods, although possibly supportive in their own right, might implicitly legitimize a specific view on the role and competencies of professional social workers and discredits possibilities for empowerment and interdependency. We criticize the conceptualization of a cultural gap that might affirm rather then question managerial approaches and the decrease of discretion, and challenge the position of social work in these developments.

188

RUPSIENE Liudmila LELIUGIENE Irena ACIENE Elvyra liudarupsiene@rupeksa.com

The coherence of the quality of study programmes in social pedagogy and student's attitude to help children in their socialisation process

In the activity of social pedagogues a professional attitude is important for assistance in children‘s socialisation. The stronger this professional attitude is, the better a social pedagogue works as a professional and helps his/her clients to solve their socialisation problems by means of social education. But so far the mechanism of the professional attitude formation is unclear and it is not yet clear how training of social pedagogues at a higher education institution influences this process. Referring to this, the problematic question – what coherence manifests between the quality of study programmes in social pedagogy and the attitude of the students of these programmes to help children in their socialisation process – was formulated in the research. In order to answer this problematic question, in 2008 the research took place in six randomly chosen Lithuanian higher education institutions. The total number of respondents was 390 students. The data were collected by means of the method of survey­in­written using a special instrument designed for the research. The research showed that the students, who evaluated their study programme as qualitative according to the criteria of structure, material conditions, good enunciation and entire organisation of studies, expressed their stronger attitude to help children in their socialisation process.

189

SATKA Mirja HOIKKALA Susanna MOILANEN Johanna PEKKARIN Elina mirja.satka@jyu.fi

Case study approach in discovering child welfare histories

We discuss about the strengths of using case study in discovering child welfare histories. We introduce different case study designs based on researcher’s experience of them. One example originates from a historical multiple­case study on voluntary­based practices of Finnish child welfare (Moilanen). The study investigates two or three longitudinal cases from different eras and contexts. The cases have been selected analytically illustrating voluntary­based practices. Another example is based on a multiple­case design of child protection case files of which each is analyzed as one case. The selected case files are documents of child protection practices of early intervention in the 1970s and today in one Finnish municipality (Satka). This example is describing the possibilities of chronological comparison to make visible characteristics of child protection. The third example describes a single case study design with one children’s residential institution as the case (Hoikkala). The interest of this study is the restraining practices used in the everyday life of the institution since the beginning of the 1920s by using the documentary sources of this institution as data. This research design has ethnographic features. The fourth example describes how a single case study can be used as a primary source for a theoretically driven analysis which aims to offer a novel frame of reference to the historically acknowledged relations between agents, practices and structures (Pekkarin).

190

SCHEIJMANS Inge VAN EWIJK Hans inge.scheijmans@hu.nl

Who defines the social problems? Who the WOK­approach can support the defining power of the neighborhoods.

The Research Centre Social Innovation/HU has developed a research strategy bringing together professionals, residents (users) and researchers in neighborhood local knowledge teams. Those teams are identifying social problems and social resources in neighborhoods and addressing the stakeholders to take action. By this approach we try to bring back the defining power (what is the problem, what should be done by whom) back to the citizens, supported by social professionals and researchers from the university (students and senior researchers). It opposes the trend to define social problems and products in the offices of the authorities and institutions and i based on trusting the local experts (residents and professionals in the neighborhood). Some important findings: social professionals are felt as transients: doing their thing on their time in the neighborhood and are not felt as committed to the neighborhood. In particular young children in marginal neighborhoods spent their time between 3 and 8 p.m. in the street and parks with little supervision and interaction with adults. Results: local authorities have recognized the importance of the power of definition by residents and are willing to change their policymaking process, or at least are willing to discuss changing the process. The social welfare provider is creating a new profile for neighborhood work (social manager or social broker) and transforming the organisation into integrated neighborhood work.

191

SCHJELDERUP Liv MORE Cecilie liv.schjelderup@uis.no

Children´s participation in social work: Searching for policy and practice solutions

Child protection has a troubled history searching for policy and practice solutions. This paper will present findings from a research on children´s participation in social work decisions. We are focusing the importance for social workers to work in accordance with Human Rights and the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Our findings show that children´s participation can be approached and increased by applying new methods and strategies such as Family Group Conferencing (FGC). We also argue that this necessitates a shift from the tendency to privilege psychodynamic individual oriented social work to applying an approach which is more inclusive, strengths based and anti­ oppressive. We ask why potential solutions are often rejected before comprehensive implementation because of the deep public and professional divisions over how best to ensure both the participation and the protection of children.

192

SCHNEIDER Sharon sharon.schneider@gmail.com

Realisation of the r ights of the child in social work

Human rights are of fundamental value to the social work profession in practice, research and theory (IFSW, 2000, p 5). In the context of social work with children and adolescents the Convention of the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) offers a framework enabling the recognition and realisation of the child’s autonomy and agency. This paper addresses the possibilities and challenges of realizing the UNCRC in a social work service delivery agency based in Vorarlberg, Austria. This agency operates within secondary schools with major focus on developing strategies combating social exclusion. Within the Austrian education system school exclusion is the most severe sanction employed by teachers and school authorities in a response towards pupils behaving in a disruptive manner. It is regarded as a legitimate method of dealing with disputes between pupils themselves or conflicts between pupils and staff. The author discusses the context, process and impact of school exclusion on pupils within the local educational system in regard to their basic human needs with reference to three articles of UNCRC. This includes the agencies response at the micro, meso and macro intervention levels. Strategies to address the needs and rights of young people in conflicting school situations conclude this paper.

193

SHULAMIT Ramon CAMPBELL J im ZORN Jelka shula.ramon@anglia.ac.uk

Ethical dilemmas faced by social workers in political conflict contexts

The symposium will focus on the ethicaldilemmas faced by social workers and educators working in a context of political conflict, using examples from England post 7/7/2005, Northern Ireland during The Troubles, and Slovenia post the war in Yugoslavia. Ethical dilemmas in political conflict develop out of tension between social workers' professional andpersonal loyalties; the difficulty of working in situations of personal danger and hostility, and competing values between clients, social workers, and governments. These problems are often unresolved due to lack of understanding of the processes entailed and reluctance by agencies to deal with such dilemmas. The symposium will be used to outline the range of dilemmas experienced in each of the three coutnries and examine ways for practitioners and academics to be involved in findingsolutions. The participants’ will be actively encouraged to engage in the disucussion of these issues as a way of exploring them in their own European context.

194

SHULAMIT Ramon SHEARS Jane shula.ramon@anglia.ac.uk

Mental health social work at the crossroads

English mental health social workers (MHSW) have had a unique legal position until now, when their role has become open to all members of the multidisciplinary mental health team. The Approved Social Worker (ASW) role brought with it advantages and disadvantages for social workers, which will be outlined and analyzed. The paradox is that while the ASW role is diluted, new opportunities for socially including and a more user­focused way of working is developing in the UK, to which social workers could contribute, but only a few of them do so at present. Examples of innovative practice will be examined, and looked at in terms of what prevents most MHSWs from doing so, and what could enable them to join and lead such innovations. The potential lessons for the rest of Europe will be highlighted.

195

SIMONIS Arnoud a.simonis@hva.nl

Intercultural social work in Amsterdam

The Netherlands has developed towards a multi cultural society and this process still goes on. It is estimated that in 15 years the total population of the Netherlands will consist of about 2.4 million (14 percent) people with a Non­Western background. This has a profound impact on Social Work practice. To help people with a different cultural background becomes a large part of Social Work, especially in urban areas, and this is nowadays an important issue in professional care in the Netherlands. Social Workers are more and more confronted, and have to deal with clients with a different cultural background and hence different and often unfamiliar explanatory models and idioms of distress, different help seeking behavior and different expectations about helping and support. In many cases this is not easy for the Western and Western trained professional. They can meet problems in establishing a professional relation based on mutual trust and miscommunications and misinterpretations can occur. In this lecture we will focus on (the development of) Intercultural Social Work in the Netherlands and how we teach intercultural competences at the Institute of Social Educational Care Work at the Hogeschool van Amsterdam, Netherlands.

196

SIMPSON Graeme PRICE Vicky g.simpson@wlv.ac.uk

Inclusive principles for work with learning disabled people in the UK

Competence based and standardised practice is a defining feature of English social work. Social work education, at all levels, adopts a rigorous competence based approach which also includes references to ethics, reflective practice and social justice. The authors offer examples of how an engaged professional practice can be developed, by re­introducing practitioners’ concepts of social justice and equality. A key focus is how practice impacts upon people’s lives and the extent to which it promotes social justice. Drawing upon ‘policy practice’, social workers on a post­qualifying award were encouraged to highlight injustices and confront local policies through some form of social action. The paper presents the findings of an qualitative evaluation of the process, including the attempts by practitioners to engage in ‘social action’, demonstrating the extent to which a standardised practice makes a social action approach to practice demanding, challenging and potentially rewarding, despite the neo­liberal mechanisms of workplace control. The paper concludes with a consideration of the extent to which the profession can retain its ethical social action stance, working for the best interests of service users in the face of standardised practice, and the educators’ and practitioners’ roles in promoting this ‘good practice’.

197

SKEHILL Caroline c.skehill@qub.ac.uk

Common challenges in child welfare: History of the present

This paper will report on research into the history of child welfare and protection in Northern Ireland. Using a history of the present approach, it will highlight how, amongst the differences in practice and policy, certain continuities in the nature and form of practice between past and present, can be recognised. Moreover, the paper argues that these commonalities are not just identifiable in local history but also when one examines the nature of child welfare social work in other European contexts. The paper uses current research findings into histories across Europe to highlight the fact that, notwithstanding many differences in legacies and regimes, there are shared common challenges across jurisdictions that can inform future developments in child welfare social work especially in terms of engaging with families in balancing between supporting families on the one hand and protecting children on the other. The importance and benefit of examining histories of child welfare across Europe will be emphasised and it will be concluded that present day child welfare practice and policy can be critically informed by histories which seek to highlight common challenges across jurisdictions and regimes.

198

SMITH Mark mark.smith@ed.ac.uk

Reclaiming a moral purpose: Reading Bauman for social work

This paper draws on the work of social theorist, Zygmunt Bauman, to provide insight into the tensions facing social work and the social professions. The starting point for Bauman's work is his explication of modernity and in particular the shift from what he calls 'solid' to 'liquid' modernity. Essentially, modernity conceives of social work as a technical­rational task, whereas Bauman would argue it is ultimately an ethical one. This ethical dimension is compromised and threatened by the bureaucracy of solid modernity and the neoliberal precepts of liquid modernity. The bureaucratising and regulatory instincts, justified under the banners of 'modernising' and 'improvement' are in fact inimical and act to blunt the original moral purpose of those who enter the profession. This creates a dissonance between what brings people into social professions in the first place and the job they are increasingly expected to do. Bauman's work helps illuminate thisdissonance and in so doing offers pointers through which social professions might base their identities around claims to a primary moral purpose.

199

SNIEKERS Marijke m.sniekers@hszuyd.nl

'Procivi' : From professionals to reflective practitioners

Relevance in relation to the theme of choice: The presented project aims to examine the professionalization of social workers and the significance of social interventions in welfare work. In 2007 the CESRT Research Centre at Zuyd University of Applied Sciences in the Netherlands, and two regional welfare organizations initiated a joint research project on the professionalization of social workers and the significance of social interventions in welfare work. The intention of this proposal is to present this research process and some preliminary findings. In the Netherlands, welfare work involves activities that appear to be ordinary and self­evident, e.g. making contact with others in the community or providing/receiving neighbourly help. Many people find it difficult to create social networks or to live independently. Social professionals support and encourage people in this. These professionals possess routine expertise to ensure effective social interventions for individuals and communities. However, it is difficult to explicitly account for the effectiveness of their interventions. One of the hallmarks of this research project is how social professionals and researchers jointly discuss and analyse a purposeful selection of cases illustrating social work practice. This exercise aims to engage social professionals in a process of reflective practice. The development of an evaluation instrument supports the process, inviting professionals to reflect upon their daily work.

200

SOBOČAN Ana M. ana.sobocan@fsd.uni­lj.si

Research and social change: A case study of same­sex families in Slovenia

One of the tasks of social work has long been to facilitate social cohesion, active citizenship and promotion of social rights for all, against the pitfalls of present fragmentation of social structures, uneven distribution of knowledge, resources and participation. Research in social work contributes to identifying exclusionist practices and mechanisms of inequality, while also to finding solutions and new perspectives for policy making and implementation. In the view of what is the role of the researcher and the research in generating social change, different points can be investigated: what are the factors that motivate the researcher, what is the support/hindrances that the researcher meets while researching, what responsibility the researcher takes for the results of the research, what is the relationship between the objective data and social/political implications, what is the researcher’s relationship with the researched; how to tackle the social desirability of results – in the public, with policy makers and in the researched group, etc. In this paper, these different viewpoints will be presented on a case study of a research on same­sex families in Slovenia, finished in 2008.

201

SOLBERG Anne Kristine anne.k.solberg@uis.no

Dilemmas of identity and loyalty in professional social work

Economical reasoning, in the name of New Public Management, has a profound influence on different aspects of the daily life at workplaces where caregiving work is a core activity. A tehnichal­economical rationality has a great impact on strategic decisions, but also on ways of thinking, organising and carrying out work. However, caregiving work has its own rationality involving feelings as well as thoughts (Waerness, 1992). My intention is to illuminate how the role and behaviour of social workers are influenced and shaped by two different rationalities: the rationality of caring, and a technical­economical rationality. These represent different value systems and may inflict problems of identity and loyalty. I will go further into coping strategies which may be used in handling such conflicts and dilemmas (Hirschman, 1970). I will also reflect on the meaning of personal engagement in a framework/context strongly influenced by a technical­economical rationality.

202

STARK Christian christian.stark@fh­linz.at

Neoliberalism and the consequences for social work

Neoliberalism can be described as an economic­political project of capitalist elites with involves the following: economization of all areas of life, privatization, economic globalization and deregulation. The paper will give a short historical overview of the development of neoliberalism, the myths and tenets of the new neoliberal “religion” and the „manufacturing of consent” (Chomsky 1992). Additionally, the paper will describe the consequences for social policy and social work, which include the reduction of the welfare state, the widening of the gap between rich and poor, and also a development that can be outlined with the following key terms: economization of social work, work­fare instead of welfare. Finally the paper will describe the reaction of social work on this development. Some necessary anti­strategies will also be discussed. The logic of social work is not the logic of profit. The market must not have the power to decide whether someone receives the necessary means for a life in human dignity. Social Work is a central part of social policy and not only an instrument to alleviate or conserve poverty, or to lessen the consequences of neoliberal policy.

203

STARK Ruth r.stark@basw.co.uk

Friend or foe? Working positively with the media

This symposium is an interactive session to look how we can improve the public image of social work and deal with different aspects of the media. It will cover the time of crisis, when the spotlight is on what we may or may not have done but will also cover the equally important task of developing good relationships with journalists. The presenters will be a social worker and journalist who have wide experience of dealing with the public image of social work. It is proposed that people attending this workshop will have the opportunity to experiment with different models of approaching the media.

204

STARK­ANGERMEIER Gabriele stark­angermeier@dbsh.de

Key competences of social work

Nine key competences and eight basic principles prescribe the job description and job related self understanding of social workers. This is the result of a three years project of the German Association of Social Workers (DBSH). The objective of this project was to define, what every social worker should know in order to act professionally in practice. “Managing Diversity” and “Quality Management” are two examples for the basic principles. The competences describe the demands a social worker has to meet. Amongst others there are the competences of methods and of counseling in social work. The presentation shows the principles and key competences and the main process of discussion in Germany in contact with social workers and other professions.

205

STAUB­BERNASCONI Silvia M. staubernasco@bluewin.ch

The use of power sources to implement human – especially social ­ rights

Social workers are very hesitating in talking about "power", even in social conflicts. They search for many ways to avoid the term, many times to negate the facts and even more strategies to avoid the use of power. Even then, when they speak of „empowerment“, they usually don’t refer to „power“. So I shall discuss this issue briefly and then define, what I mean by powerstructures and an empowerment strategy using indvidual and community power sources when human rights are violated, entitlements are blocked, f.e. by social agencies, employers, community or state officers, landlords. The differentiation between legitimate, constraining und illegitimate, hindering powerstructures is at the base of the theoretical analysis. It is followed by asking what kind of power resources clients, users and social workers have in order to implement a claim, if necessary against the will of powerholders. Different practical examples of personal and professional engagement will show the implementation of this theory of social action and social work.

206

SULLIVAN Mary Pat mary.sullivan@brunel.ac.uk

'Families and seniors together: Building relationships'

Gerontological social work in the UK receives little attention in higher education or in policy and practice. Thus, a body of evidence regarding social work interventions to increase the well being of older people remains limited. Families and Seniors Together is a collaborative health promotion initiative between Brunel University and Healthy Hillingdon for older people in a west London borough. Adapted from an evidence­based social work model used with children and families in 8 countries, it targets ‘at risk’ older people due to loneliness and/or social isolation. It uses a relation­based model and multi­family groups aimed at: (1) increasing protective factors for health and well being in older participants; (2) addressing family stress and intergenerational relationships; and (3) promoting social capital in the community. Families attend 8 weekly group sessions and participate in structured activities to promote caring and supportive relationships within and across families. Its theoretical underpinnings include ecological and systems theory, family stress theory, and group and community development.This paper will describe the model and applied theories, and its pilot implementation and evaluation. It will also highlight the community partnerships, particularly older people and family carers, which have been created to move the initiative forward.

207

SVENLIN Anu­Riina anu­riina.svenlin@chydenius.fi

Contact family ­ " connecting people"

In Finland contact family is a social work intervention in child care for supporting children with social problems. The child receives a family who she can visit regularly one weekend every month and on holidays. In contact family the child participates in social activities and develops a broader social network. Social worker acts as a link between contact family and child and the parent. Contact between families is established and followed by the social worker. The contact family is also getting supervision from the social worker. The contact family is a way to build up social relations, but it is important to analyze how the child care contexts affect these relations. Based on literature review, I firstly analyze the presumptions behind this kind of social support. The key presumptions are connected to single parenthood, child as a receiver of the support and differences between professional social work and voluntary action. Secondly I present ideas of how to research the relationship between professional social worker, voluntary contact family and the child and parent. The methodological perspective presented, is based on participative research methods and user involvement in research.

208

SVENSSON Kerstin kerstin.svensson@soch.lu.se

Social work as a professional field

Social workers work in many different organizations and many different contexts. Their specific role varies between different organizations even if some of the tasks are shared. In a specific organisation persons with a social work education can work together with persons with other educations, and doing the same tasks. The boundaries for social work are vague. In my presentation I will discuss social work professions in different organization. My presentation will be based on the results from a national survey to social workers in Sweden 2008. 744 social workers have answered questions on how they regard their work, their professional role and the organization they work in. The result of the survey shows that social workers’ roles are very different in different organizations, so different that it is hard to call social worker one profession. It would be more appropriate to talk about social work as a professionalized field, where the organizational context governs how the professional role is shaped. A question to discuss is whether professionalism is possible when the organizational influence is so very strong?

209

ŠKRMETA Petar petar.skrmeta@st.t­com.hr

How the high social work caseloads and inadeqate working conditions influence the quality of the social work services provision?

In my presentation I would like to present an outlook on my position as the social worker at the Centre for Social Welfare in the city of Split, Croatia, with Department of General Social Work, where I am responsible for the city districts of „Varoš“ (5 697 inhabitants) and „Neslanovac“ (3 672 inhabitants), in total of (9 369 inhabitants), which in total create 371 social work cases. I would like to look at my professional commitment, ethical standards and how they relate to the high caseload, extreme amount of the administrative work, added pressure for the professional accountability and how I am coping to meet all these demands? I would like to look at the lack of the social services at the local community level, which could help alleviate social difficulties experienced by the individuals, couples, families, groups and communities. New social and economic needs require an increasingly personal provision of the social work services, where new social planning has to be programed individually in order to meet specific needs.

210

TILLI Liisa CEDERBERG Arla RUSKOMAA Leena liisa.tilli@metropolia.fi

An innovative programme to empower citizens

The aim of the poster is to present one way to facilitate active citizenship, to increase social inclusion in multicultural and individualised society. The goal has been to create and innovate flexible social services for the citizens who are in risk to drop out from the community and the public social services system.The partners of this innovative program consist education of social sciences and social pedagogy, involving both students and teachers at the Helsinki Universities of Applied Sciences Metropolia and Arcada and the NGO settlement house. The main goal of the Low Threshold Counselling Centre (Ne­Rå) is to prevent exclusion of citizens. Citizens can contact the Counselling Centre in various life situations; the counselling centre is free of charge and open for all citizens. The service is based on service users` needs. The operating environment is unofficial and equal – finding the solutions to social problems happens together with citizens and student counsellors. Using the services of this centre can encourage citizens to contact other actors in the field of social services – the aim is to empower one`s life management skills. In general this contributes to inclusion and social cohesion in multicultural and individualised society.

211

TREVITHICK Pamela ptrevithick@glos.ac.uk

The importance of groupwork in social action and bringing about change

One of the most important ways that we can address the conflicts that people experience when their voice is silenced ­ and adverse changes forced upon them ­ is by encouraging people to come together in groups. Although not new to social work, groupwork is increasingly becoming marginalised as a practice approach. It is taught less on UK social work training programmes than in previous years and practitioners are regularly discouraged from setting up groups. Yet it is only by bringing people into groups that it is possible to bring about favourable and desired change. The paper looks at how groupwork skills can enable people to find a common voice and shared sense of collective purpose and strength. Drawing on a range of publications, and the author's experiences of running groups for deprived and disadvantaged people over a twenty year period. In particular, the presentation will focus on identifying the knowledge and skills needed to bring about change and will outline a number of systemic strategies – and interventions – that have been successful in helping people to take action when faced with discrimination, adversity and the painful impact of social injustice

212

TREVITHICK Pamela COLLINS Andrea ptrevithick@glos.ac.uk

An international social work skills network

SkillsNet (an international social work skills network) was set up with funding from the International Association of Schools of Social Work (IASSW) and the Higher Education Academy Social Policy and Social Work (SWAP) subject centre. Its aim is to promote further scholarship and to enhance the status of teaching and learning in the area of social work skills and interventions and to provide a forum where social work academics, practitioners, service users and carers can come together to learn from one another. The basis for this network is broad and includes the five areas of practice in social work, namely work with: individuals, groups, families, communities, networks and organizations. The perspective adopted in SkillsNet recognises the importance of individual responsibility but also the significance of wider social, environmental and structural factors that lead to the ‘social problems’ that many people experience. As an an international network, SkillsNet currently has members in Australia, Belgium, Canada, Cyprus, Finland, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Ireland, Japan, Netherlands, Poland, Singapore, United States and the United Kingdom. The aim of this poster presentation is to prove information handouts and membership forms for colleagues interested in this initiative.

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213

TYSNES Ingunn Barmen Ingunn.Barmen.Tysnes@hib.no

Adolescents’ user experience with the child welfare service in Norway

This abstract is building on an on going research project with the title ”Adolescents and institutional care ­ Placement in institution according to the child welfare Act section 4­24”. Where the research question in the study is: What is the background for adolescents being placed in an institution according to the child Welfare Act and how has the adolescents experienced their time in the institution, and how is their life after placement? According to the Norwegian Child Welfare Act section 4­24 adolescents with serious behavioural problems may be placed in an institution without their own consent up to twelve months. Serious behavioural problems are defined and divided into: serious or repeated criminality, persistent abuse of intoxicating substances, other, like psychological problems, prostitution etc. The child welfare service’s goal is to obstruct further marginalisation processes and to help the adolescents to a better daily living. The aim with this project is: (1) to get more knowledge about the reason why adolescents is placed in an institution, (2) how the adolescents has experienced being in an institution and (3) how their lives has turned out after the placement. In this presentation I will focus on the adolescents’ user experience with the child welfare service and their reflection on how the services should be formed.

214

URBANC Kristina AJDUKOVIĆ Marina BRANICA Vanja kristina.urbanc@zg.htnet.hr

Social work theory and its role in development of practice and competences

During the past few decades paradigmatic shift in social work theory demanded adequate changes in teaching methods and contents: from traditional to constructivist and interactive approach focused on students’ participation; from traditional learning based on knowledge to learning based on social work competences. Efficient implementation of social work theory in practice requires from faculty and students, and later from practitioners continuous contact with theories and their development. That means that life long learning requires not only skills that are necessary in social work practice but also requires knowledge and application of social work theory in a different case work contexts with individual, group, family or community. Critical and active usage of social work theory in everyday practice has three important roles: (1) gives support for professional acting and decision making in direct practice with clients; (2) incentive for further development of competences through professional progress; (3) use of empowerment language as an important construct of contemporary social work. From the social work faculty perspective, authors will discuss what the necessary and acceptable competences are in modern social work in Croatia, and how much the actual form of social work theory teaching is in accordance with features of competence based learning.

215

VALÉRIO Miguel Ângelo mvalerio@ispgaya.pt

The supervised injection facilities and it’s impact in the fear of crime

The Supervised Injection Facilities (SIF) are in the origin of many public and political debates about the location of implementation and the morality of the State to create places for behaviors that are considered as dysfunctional, among other things. This paper intends to contribute for this debate analyzing the potential impact in the “fear of crime”. The bibliographic review about the impact of the Supervised Injection Facilities (SIF) in the “fear of crime” of the population, didn’t retrieved any study, what confirmed the need of performing a theoretical analysis about both themes, and their subsequent relation. This allowed us to conclude about the possible impacts of the creation of SIF in the “fear of crime” of the resident population in the places where legislation predicts to implement this structure, and its consequences in the social organization of the community. With the analysis of the international studies about the outcomes of the SIF, articulated with the theoretical perspectives of the “fear of crime”, we believe that the SIF’s can promote a reduction of the “fear of crime” if the responses are implemented in open drug scenes, and the contrary effect if the SIF are created in other places.

216

VALOKIVI Heli heli.valokivi@uta.fi

Citizen as service user ­ participation, rights and responsibilities

The research presents knowledge on the citizenship and participation of the individual in the position of a user in the social and health care systems, especially in the encounter between the social work professional and the user. It is important to pay heed to the voice of the user in the ongoing change at which the service systems now finds itself. The ideology of increasingly market­oriented service systems is characterized by an emphasis on the person in the role of user being active, making choices and being a consumer.The study is concerned with how the participation of an aged or law­breaking individual can be realized as a user of social and health care services. Citizenship is scrutinized on the level of the daily life of the user. The research data comprises three sets of spoken and written qualitative data from elderly people and offenders in which users of services comment on their experiences of encounters with the service systems. The analysis of the research data adheres to the phenomenographical research process. The research findings show that some users have potential for negotiating and contractual partnership in relation to services, but a large proportion are excluded from this way of doing things. A quiet and (excessively) strong and loud mode of operation would appear to lead to poor realization of participation and citizenship. The implementation of these demands work practice and organizational and societal conditions in which there is room to act.

217

VAN DAM Levi l.van.dam@hva.nl

Solution focused supervision: Peer reflecting team

The solution­focused approach is a world­wide conducted approach by workers in mental health care, public organisations and school settings. Solution­focused peer supervision is a model that integrates the work of Steve de Shazer and Insoo Kim Berg (solution­focused) with the work of Tom Andersen (reflecting team), and applies these two to supervision. During this symposium the origins of the peer reflecting team are discussed and a summary of the stages is given. After that, participants are invited to practice with the model. Coaching on the job will be given. This symposium is an elaboration of the article “Peer reflecting team: A solution­focused approach for peer supervision”, which is presented in the European Journal of Social Education.

218

VAN EWIJK Hans WILKEN Jean Pierre VERHAGEN Stijn MENGER Anneke hans.vanewijk@hu.nl

Debating and deepening citizenship based social work

This symposium starts with the thesis that modern citizenship is a highly fruitful concept for social work. Citizen based social work is defined, as a field of action, knowledge and research, aiming at integration of all citizens and supporting and encouraging self responsibility, social responsibility and the implementation of social rights. Integration is built on the ideas of diversity, participation and community. Social work as a science and a social profession should start from the assumption that citizens are able to cope with their own lives and collective life but sometimes individuals, groups or communities need additional support. The focus of the science and professional is to activate and to support people, their networks and their communities. Its embedment in active citizenship emphasizes the individual and social responsibility of citizens, on the one hand, and the collective responsibility to create the opportunities for all citizens on the other hand. The main assignment for social professionals is to support citizens in coping with their responsibility, based not on a standardized citizenship idea but on a relative (Lister) and relational citizenship (Lawy & Biesta). The Research Centre Social Innovation (HU) is developing and deepening this concept of social work in different fields. In this symposium we will present and discuss the following issues: 1. The concept of Citizenship based social work. (Professor dr. Hans van Ewijk) (see above, 2. Citizen.

219

VAN HEES Godelieve GEISSLER­PILZ Brigitte FERNANDEZ BARERRA Josefina g.c.c.vanhees@hszuyd.nl

Supervision in social work education in Europe

Supervision is a well known and widely spread learning method in social work and social work education. Reflecting on one’s experiences in the social work practice helps developing professional skills, knowledge and personal growth. In the contemporary changing society the social worker has to be a flexible and learning professional and supervision can help to develop these specific competences. However the variety of visions, working styles and applications used in supervision is immense. Therefore, the differences and commonalities within these in different countries in Europe are in urgent need of further exploration. In this symposium the network “Supervision in Social Work Education in Europe” (SSWEE) will be introduced. The network SSWEE is the result of an expert meeting of supervisors from faculties of social work in different countries in Europe. The focus of the network is to exchange experiences, to provide knowledge and to communicate these to the wider social work community. Furthermore, the network’s research project “Supervision in the bachelor Social Work in Europe”, will be presented. This project aims at investigating supervision as a learning method in the bachelor Social Work in Europe, by comparing case­studies across Europe. The first results of these comparisons will be presented by different members of the network.

220

VERBEEK Mieke mieke.verbeek@plantijn.be

Person centered planning in Flanders, Belgium

Personal Centered Planning is a long lasting process in which the client and his environment are setting up the guidelines how he wants to live and this on all areas of life. It’s important that people with disabilities (re)gain control over their own life, control which is often (partly) taken away by professionals.The client can always rely on a network of people, actively involved in this process and willing to think and search together. In PCP we believe in the strength of the social network and the community, rather than organizing yet another professional institution, employing social care workers. PCP is relevant in regard to the subtheme ‘individualization and social cohesion’ because one of the focal points of PCP is to empower people with disabilities. The plan that is constructed throughout the meetings of PCP is very personal and individualized. The link with “social cohesion” is to be found in the working with a support group. An important goal is to consolidate the actual social network and if possible to expand the support group around the client in PCP. During the presentation the participants will get acquainted with the method of PCP through a concrete example.

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VOLL Ingrid Ingrid.Voll@hib.no

Social workers and clients experiences in a qualification program in Norway

One of the main objectives of the Norwegian welfare policy is full employment, also called the work line. Today among 700 000 persons between 18 – 67 years in Norway are outside the work market, receiving social benefits. One of the important measures to reduce this number is a new full time qualification program for people on social security benefits with barriers toward the work market. The main purpose of this research project is to develop theoretical and practical knowledge about the experiences of both social workers and clients when they participate in this qualification program. An important perspective will be how welfare policy is being implemented towards marginalized groups in the society, and how they experience the public services. Another purpose of the project is to identify the main knowledge bases being used by the professionals in the process of developing the qualification program. The data collection will take place in three social security offices in one of the big cities of Norway during winter 2008/2009. Qualitative research methods such as observation, interviews and focus groups will be used in the project. Dialogue between the researcher and praxis field during collecting and analyzing the data is of importance.

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VRBAN Ines ines@dpp.hr

Center for children, youth and family in Zagreb: Experiences with systematic support for families in the comunity

Modus – the center for children, youth and families in Zagreb opened in 2003 as a project of the Psychological Assistance Society. The aim was to provide support for development of abilities and skills of family members which would enable them to recognize, handle and successfully resolve issues and challenges of life and to increase competence of experts working with children and young people. Since June 2008, as a part of a year­long program for learning and innovation funded by the World Bank, Modus in cooperation with the Centre for Social Care and the County and Misdemeanor Court has offered free participation in several group counseling programs: Training of parental competence intended for easier and more successful handling of difficulties associated with the role of the parent. Psychological assistance to families with chronically ill children. This program offers support to the parents because care for chronically ill children demands extraordinary energy, strength and effort. Family OASIS (OAZA) program is intended for children and divorced parents (or in the process of divorce) who, in order to protect the child's wellbeing, must have restricted and supervised contact with the child. The program enables meetings for children and parents who do not live with their children, under expert supervision and counsel. Psychosocial treatment for perpetrators of domestic violence which aims at preventing future violence and reduces the need for institutionalization or incarceration. Regular supervisory meetings are organized for all experts and volunteers involved in the application of the individual programs. An evaluation by parties not involved in the project has been envisaged. Every activity in this project is new and innovative and individual programs are developed and upgraded for future users during the project application.

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WILD Zlatko czzs­osijek­obitelj@optinet.hr

Against yourself

According to the Labour Law and other laws we, the social workers acqire rights by signing the employment contract with the Ministry of health and social welfare (in Croatia). The job of social work presumes a personal commitment towards the employer and professional responsibility towars the profession. Our personal commitment dictates to perform all the work given by the employee and professional responsibility dictates to do it according to social work profession. The everyday social work shows that there is a significant difference between requests of the employer and demands of the profession. The job of social work today is evidenting and documenting facts of lives of our clients; the social workes make mere record of the changes in those lives. In the process of solving the problems of clients the social workers should have a role of «catalizators» using their knowledge and experience, and the client should have a more active role. It seems like our employer doesn't realise social workers's capabilites when it comes to dealing with the problem situations of their clients.

• Is there a way to do our job more efficiently, which would be cheaper and therefore save money that could be used for opening of new jobs for future social workers?

• What is the best way to inform our employee that there are better ways to do the social work than this one we're doing today?

• Are we, the social workers and our employee totally on the opposite sides or are we in this together?

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WINDHEUSER Jochen J.Windheuser@fh­osnabrueck.de

Elder disabled people as active citizens

A terrible German legacy is a large dent in a generation of disabled people due to the Nazi persecution. This as well as progress in medicine and care led to a lack of life concepts for elder people with disability in a cohesive society. In an extensive project, we develop, implement, and evaluate such concepts of participation for the third phase of life of disabled people. One of the aims of the project is finding activities for the disabled to engage for non­ disabled, but weak seniors. In a special workshop for disabled people, service jobs for residential care homes of elder people are created which can be carried out by elder disabled people who are no longer capable of doing the relatively complicated industrial jobs in the workshop. Thus the working disabled learn early to look at their own getting older, but by helping others, they get at the same time a perspective fo doing voluntary work after pension and to feel as a valuable member of the society and as active citizens.

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WINMAN Thomas thomas.winman@hv.se

Social inclusion and institutional integration

This presentation is based on an ongoing study of how seven cities in Sweden work with integration for people between 7 and 21 year who are refugees and/or newly arrived from another country. Issues of social change and inclusion (closely related to the more political term integration) in social work are influenced of both the modern society and its history. Earlier there has been a tendency within social work to discuss and understand social inclusion fairly one­sided. Even though it is important that individual’s experience they belong to, and can trust in a community, institutions in society has to adapt to the ongoing changes in society. This institutional integration imply that schools as established institutions must evolve in relation to those new needs and circumstances that frames and constitutes the modernsociety. The presentation shows how individual’s inclusion in society not can be separated from the institutions the are expected to be integrated in, meaning the context is a prerequisite for working with both pedagogical methods and inclusion. The results in the study also reveals that school as an institution not can be separated from problem in the surrounding society about participation, democracy and inclusion which has consequences for needs of both professional and institutional knowledge and flexibility.

226

WOODWARD Rona r.w.woodward@stir.ac.uk

A different social work: Resisting the dark side of welfare reform

In its consideration of practice realities in Scottish social work, and its reflection on personal values and professional commitment, this paper fits well with the third theme of the conference. Recent years have seen the UK New Labour government embrace the neo­liberal programme in its effort to 'modernise' welfare services. In devolved Scotland, many aspects of social work remain far removed from the needs of service users and the motivations of practitioners and educators. In particular, standardised approaches to practice and education continue to promote a 'one size fits all' model; one that does little to reflect either the complex nature of service users' circumstances or the profession's stated commitment to social justice. Drawing on focus group discussions with social workers, students and service users, this paper argues that both personal dedication and wider political awareness remain at the heart of professional practice. In the current climate it would be easy to paint a bleak picture of the direction in which UK social work is going. Instead, this paper presents a much more encouraging future for the profession; one where practitioners and service users, educators and students work together to resist the more destructive aspects of neo­liberal reform.

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WURTZBACHER Jens STRAßBURGER Gaby wurtzbacher@deutscher­verein.de

Bridging gaps – active citizenship as a mechanism to connect ethnic community

The presentation aims to discuss the outcome of two current projects in Berlin Neukölln; the “Stadtteilmütter” (‘mothers of the district’) and “Generationen im Gespräch” (‘dialog between generations’) both of which are intended to build bridges between migrants, local communities, social services and the wider society by using active citizenship. In both projects trained migrants support members of their own ethnic group in close collaboration with social services. The first project supports migrant parents in upbringing their children and to help them to get the right education and access to social networks outside the neighbourhood. With the second project elderly migrants are trying to prevent juvenile delinquency while talking to youths at their schools. Characteristic about both projects is the fact, that although the projects are created by professional social workers the key actors are not social workers but trained migrants. Obviously they are able to get a deeper access to families and to youths in ethnic communities than members of the social services. The presentation aims to discuss prospects and hazards of connecting civic engagement and professional intervention from a practical point of view as well as from a theoretical perspective.

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ZAVIRŠEK Darja SOBOČAN Ana M. ana.sobocan@fsd.uni­lj.si

The development of the Eastern­European Sub­Regional Association of Schools

The Eastern European Sub­Regional Association of the Schools of Social Work has been established in 2008, gradually developing since 2006, with its main objective to encourage and promote a support network for social work teachers, practitioners, researchers and students in this European region. The traditions of social work education, practice and policies in Eastern Europe demonstrate, besides similarities with other European regions, also much specificity caused by political regimes and cultural practices. In spite of long traditions of social work practice and education in some Eastern European counties, social work scholars and educators from the region remain confined to their primary environments facing many barriers (economic, linguistic, social and political) which often prevent them to share histories, good practices, perspectives and approaches with peers and the whole academic social work community. In spite of these barriers, there are many small networks within the region that are good examples of high academic and professional collaboration in social work; some of them will be presented as case studies in this paper. These innovative networks of teachers from different Eastern European countries and beyond have been of crucial importance for the development of social work education in some countries and were the foundation of innovative projects and mutual peer support. This paper will present some practice wisdom knowledge derived from these initiatives.

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AUTHORS INDEX

ACIENE Elvyra

AGTEN Ian

AGRELA ROMERO Belen

AILA­LEENA Matthies

AJDUKOVIC Marina

ALHO­KONU Sirkka

ANU­RIINA Svenlin

ANDRÉ Graça Maria

ARIAS ASTRAY Andrés

ASHKANANI Hadi

ASUN Llena

BAJAN PROKL Marija

BAKULA ANĐELIĆ Marinka

BANKS Sarah

BARRANCO EXPÓSITO Carmen

BARRE Veronique

BAUER­FELBEL Heidi

BERC Gordana

BLOMQVIST Camilla

BOJKA­GERGORIĆ Dragica

BORGT Wilma

BOUVERNE­DE BIE Maria

BRANCO Francisco

BRANICA Vanja

BRAYE Suzy

BRODALA Jan

BRUNETTI Marherita

BUDIŠA Vinko

BUYSENSW Mattias

CAHUNEK ŽUNEC Marija

CAJVERT Lilja

CAMPANINI Annamaria

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CAMPBELL Jim

CARLSSON Bengt

CARTER Ed

CASTELLI DRANSART Dolores Angela

CEDERBERG Arla

CEMLYN Sarah

CLAEYS Endy

COLLINS Andrea

COSTA Dalia

CRISP Beth

CSOBA Judit

CULLETON Jonathan

ČIRKINAGIĆ Sandra

DANIELSEN Inge

DAVIS Ann

DE ALFONSETI­HARTMANN Nicolas

DE BODT Michel

DE BRAUWERE Greet

DE KEYSER Marie­Laure

DE KREEK Mike

DEROISTE Aine

DE VAAL Jennifer

DE VISSCHER Sven

DELALE Eva Anđela

DIDIER Reynaert

DOBROTIĆ Ivana

DOMENECH LOPEZ Yolanda

DRIESSENS Kristel

DRITSAS Ioannis

DRUŽIĆ LJUBOTINA Olja

DUBASQUE Didier

DUFFY Joe

DUNÉR Anna

EGOROVA Anna

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EGLE Sumskiene

ELLIS Kathryn

ENRIQUE Raya

FERGUSON Iain

FERNANDEZ BARERRA Josefina

FIGLEY Charles

FISHER Adrian

FIŠER Stela

FITZMAURICE Eleanor

FLORIN Lazar

FORČIĆ Gordana

FORKBY Torbjörn

FRANGER Gaby

FROST Elizabeth

GADEMAN Mirjam

GALIĆ Luca

GALIĆ Romana

GALLAGHER Carmel

GARCÍA Josefa Lorenzo

GARCÍA Teresa

GEISSLER­PILZ Brigitte

GEVORGIANIENE Violeta

GILLET Francois

GILMORE Margaret

GIMÉNEZ­BERTOMEU Víctor Manuel

GIUDICE Elena

GJORINGBØ Randi

GREEN Pam

GREEN LISTER Pam

GRGEC­PETROCI Vlasta

GUINA Alenka

GUNTER Gehre

HAUSS Gisela

HEINONEN Hanna

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HENDRICKS P

HILVERDA Joke

HILLEN Mia

HIP Tatjana

HOGAN Fergus

HOIKKALA Susanna

HÖJER Staffan

HOMMEL Katrin

HØYER Bodil Irene

HOWE Alan

HOWE Madelaine

HUSSEIN Shereen

HYYTINEN Riitta

JAKUTIENE Vida

JELEČ KAKER Diana

JENSEN Gro

JOHNSON Stephanie

JUUL Søren

KALPINI ­ PAPANDOPOULOS Chryssi

KANE Patricia

KATKIĆ STANIĆ Tatjana

KEOGH Philomena

KILPELÄINEN Arja

KLETEČKI RADOVIĆ Marijana

KLOPPENBURG Raymond

KOKKONEN Tuomo

KOKORIĆ BLAŽEKA Slavica

KRALJEVIĆ Slavko

KRANJČEC Nataša

KUČKOVEČKI Milka

LACROIX Marie

LAITINEN Merja

LAKLIJA Maja

LAMBLEY Sharon

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LARSEN Anne Karin

LAZUTKA Romas

LAWRENCE Susan

LEAVEY Gerry

LELIUGIENE Irena

LILLO BENEYTO Asunción

LIND Wencke Aamodt

LITTLECHILD Brian

LORENZO GARCÍA Josefa

MACINTYRE Gillian

MACLEAN Siobhan

MAJDAK Marijana

MAJERIĆ Klaudia

MANTHORPE Jill

MARČETIĆ­KAPETANOVIĆ Mirjana

MARDEŠIĆ Vedran

MARKOVIĆ Nedjeljko

MARTÍNEZ­ROMÁN María­Asunción

MASTELA­BUŽAN Vesna

MATAITYTE­DIRZIENE Jurga

MATANCEVIC Jelena

MATTHIES Aila­Leena

MAURICE Hermans

MCCANN JAMES Celesta

MCDONALD Ann

MCHUGH John

MEDAR Elmo

MEDAR Marju

MELIS Bie

MENGER Anneke

MILETIĆ Edina

MILETIĆ Marica

MILIĆ BABIĆ Marina

MILOŠEVIĆ Ružica

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MIRA­PERCEVAL Maria Teresa

MODAK Marianne

MOILANEN Johanna

MORIARTY Jo

MOŠTAK­SKUPNJAK Vesna

MOUNIER Marie­Geneviève

MUNUERA Pilar

NASER Fahad Al

NAZZARO Oreste

NEČASOVÁ Mirka

NORDSTRÖM Monica

NOTTINGHAM Chris

O'CONNOR Tom

OLSSON Klas­Göran

OMRE Cecilie

ORME Joan

ØSTBY May

PANDUR Lovorka

PARKER Jonathan

PAULISCHIN Herbert

PAULSEN Nicolai

PAUWELS Jos

PAVIĆ Mladen

PEETERS Jef

PEKKARIN Elina

PENDARAKI Maria

PENNINGS Henk

PÉREZ BELDA María Carmen

PERRIARD Valérie

PHILLIPART Frank

PINTO Carla

PLUNKETT Stephen

POHJOLA Anneli

POLJAK Ivica

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POWELL Jackie

PRESTON­SHOOT Michael

PRICE Vicky

PRINGLE Keith

PULJIZ Vlado

RADULESCU Ana

RAFAEL Maria da Graça

RAKERS Marc

RANTALAIHO Ulla­Maija

RASIDAGIĆ Eshref Kenan

RAYA Enrique

RAYA DIEZ Esther

RAZLOG Božena

REDERO BELLIDO Hortensia

REELI Sirotkina

REICHERT Elisabeth

RIDHA Hadi

ROBINSON Chris

RODON Janeet

RODRIGUEZ Arantxa

ROETS Griet

ROLAND Liv

ROLDÁN Elena

ROOSE Rudi

RUPSIENE Liudmila

RUSAC Silvia

RUSKOMAA Leena

QUINNEY Anne

SALAJ Štefica

SANKALA Jukka

SATKA Mirja

SCHJELDERUP Liv

SHARPE Endellion

SCHEIJMANS Inge

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SCHNEIDER Sharon

SHEARS Jane

SHULAMIT Ramon

SIMONIS Arnoud

SIRKKA Alho­Konu

SIMPSON Graeme

SIPOS Flórián

SKEHILL Caroline

SKINNER Elisabeth

SMITH Mark

SNIEKERS Marijke

SOBOCAN Ana M.

SOBREMONTE Emma

SOLBERG Anne Kristine

STAM Martin

STARK Christian

STARK Ruth

STARK­ANGERMEIER Gabriele

STAUB­BERNASCONI Silvia

STERGAR Željka

STEVENS Martin

STEWART Ailsa

STRAßBURGER Gaby

SULLIVAN Mary Pat

SUMSKIENE Egle

SVENLIN Anu­Riina

SVENSSON Kerstin

ŠKRMETA Petar

TANDARA Željko

TAYLOR Mark

TILLI Liisa

TREVITHICK Pamela

TYSNES Ingunn Barmen

URBANC Kristina

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UZELAC Zorana

VALÉRIO Miguel Ângelo

VALLE CABALLERO Isabel

VALOKIVI Heli

VAN DAM Levi

VAN EEKEREN Annemarie

VAN EWIJK Hans

VAN ETTEN Yvonne

VAN HEES Godelieve

VAN PAGEE Rob

VAN VLIET Pieter

VANDEVELDE Stijn

VERBEEK Mieke

VERBIEST Griet

VERHAGEN Stijn

VERSCHELDEN Griet

VIROLAINEN Sanna

VISSER – ROTGANS Rina

VOLL Ingrid

VRBAN Ines

ZBINDEN SAPIN Veronique

ZIEGLER Beatrice

ZORN Jelka

ZRINŠČAK Siniša

ZVEKIĆ Mirjana

WILD Zlatko

WILKEN Jean Pierre

WINDHEUSER Jochen

WINMAN Thomas

WOODWARD Rona

WURTZBACHER Jens