Presented by: Khaldoun Alhakim

Smartphones penetration

Impact of Smartphone on our daily life

OS Development and Challenges on Network

Categories & Characteristics of Mobile Internet Applications

Characteristics of Small-Packet Services their Impact onNetworks

The reason behind Smartphone Behavior!?

Vendors Solution for Mobile Fast Dormancy Feature

Always-Online Solutions in LTE

Smartphones penetration

Top 15 Countries with highest Smartphone

penetration in Q1

2013

mashable.com

Smartphone penetration hit 60% of the US

mobile subscriber

market in Q3 of 201360.8

%

Below an example on Media of how Smartphones impact on

our daily life as growth from 3.6 to 19.8% since 2010

The most widely used operating systems for smartphones are

Apple iOS, Google Android, and Microsoft Windows Phone.

Chart below shows network traffic volumes for each mobile

operating system.

Categories & Characteristics

of Mobile Internet

Applications

Mobile Internet applications are

categorized into the following :

Instant messaging (IM)

Voice over IP (VoIP)

Streaming

Social networking services (SNS)

Web browsing

Cloud

Email

File transfer

Gaming

Machine-to-machine (M2M) dialog

Category Description Typical Application Characteristic

IMSending or receiving

instant messagingWhatsapp, Wechat,

iMessageSmall packets, less

frequently

VoIP Audio and video calls Viber, Skype, TangoSmall packets, continuously

StreamingStreaming media such as

HTTP audios, HTTP videos, and P2P videos

YouTube, Youku, PPStream

Big packets, continuously

SNS Social networking sites Facebook, TwitterSmall packets, less

frequently

Web Browsing

Web browsing including wireless access protocol

(WAP) page browsing

Typical web browsers are Safari and UC

Browser

Big packets, less frequently

Small Packet:

<= 600 bytes

Big Packet:

>= 1000 bytes

Continuously :

(PPS) is greater

than 20

Less Frequently :

(PPS) is Less than

10

Category Description Typical Application Characteristic

Cloud Cloud computing and online cloud

applicationsSiri, Evernote, iCloud Big packets

Email

Mails including webmail, Post Office Protocol 3 (POP3), and Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

(SMTP)

GmailBig packets, less

frequently

File Transfer

File transfer including P2P file sharing, file storage, and

application download and update

Mobile Thunder, App Store

Big packets, continuously

GamingMobile gaming such as social

gaming and card gamingAngry Birds, Draw

SomethingBig packets, less

frequently

M2M Machine Type CommunicationAuto meter reading,

mobile paymentSmall packets

Small Packet:

<= 600 bytes

Big Packet:

>= 1000 bytes

Continuously :

(PPS) is greater

than 20

Less Frequently :

(PPS) is Less than

10

Characteristics of Small-Packet

Services

(SNS, IM, and VoIP) & their

Impact on Networks

Small packet services on

mobile Internet consist of SNS,

IM, and VoIP.

Depending on the traffic

conditions, small packets are

divided into :

a) Intermittent small packets

b) Continuous small packets

Intermittent small packets

Factors of Intermittent Small Packets are:

Short messages with little information, such as

friends presence update, text chatting, and IM

Periodic keep alive messages, for example, keep

alive messages for connections between servers

and subscribers

Continuous small packets

Mostly generated in audio calls and video calls in

VoIP applications.

The reason behind

Smartphone Behavior!?

Most Smartphone manufacturers have implemented

proprietary fast dormancy feature on their devices

(3GPP Rel8) to enhance the battery performance.

Definition!

Device Triggerd Fast Dormancy:

In order to save battery lifetime, the UE sends anindication to the RNC when its PS data session hasended so that the Base Station can switch the UEfrom CELL_DCH to idle

How is this done?

This is done by sending RRC Signalling ConnectionRelease Indication (SCRI). Upon reception of theRRC SCRI the RNC is forced to move the UE to idle.

Fast Dormancy

Feature can

Save

more than 45%

of Smartphone

Battery life

Very aggressive FD timer (<3s)

DCH

FACH

Idle

No Fast Dormancy & ChSw tuned (no URA)

DCH

FACH

Idle

In this case

the UE goes

back to Idle

very fast, it

doesn’t use

FACH at all

Below: Probably the Paging on PS comes because of chatting

application, the Smartphone establishes 64/HS RAB then justafter 1.8 seconds, the Fast Dormancy in the Phones releases

the RAB moving the UE to IDLE MODE, even without letting the

NW set hsinactivity timer = 2 seconds expire

Rele

ase

d aft

er

1.8

Seconds

As an example taken from real live network, Two users having

almost 900 Service requests/per user (1800 attempts) duringONE HOUR (busy hour) cause by FD Feature

Impact of Small-Packets Services on Network

Frequent RRC status switches

Messages lead to frequent RRC status switches. The RRCstatus switches from IDLE/PCH to FACH/CELL_DCHfrequently .

Service requests and IU releases become morefrequent

Waste of radio channel resources.

Data transmission duration is short. Radio channelsremain in the CELL_DCH status for a long period of timedue to an inactive timer

Servers maintain network connections withclients.

(When the clients send requests, servers sendnotifications to receive ends. Paging messages are

generated over the network and air interface).

If emergencies occur or timed messages are required,servers send messages to large numbers of smartphones inthe network at the same time. Thus, inflicts severeimpact on paging.

Increase in RNC Processor load.

Due to the increase in signaling which can lead to adegradation in accessibility and retainability.

Vendors Solution for Mobile Fast

Dormancy Feature

Ericsson : Fast Dormancy Handling Feature

Huawei : Enhanced Fast Dormancy Feature

NSN : Fast Dormancy Profiling Feature

HS/DCH UEs asking for release (when it sends theSignalling

Connection Release Indication (SCRI)) from the networkwill be

switched to URA_PCH state (Still keeping the RRCConnection

but Lower Power Consumption)

“Cell/URA_PCH State” should be active in the network

Cell/Ura_Pch Benefits

Service re-activation time is shorter comparedto setting up the connection from idle mode.

UE requires less signaling and powerconsumption when in URA_PCH state comparedto in CELL_FACH state

No radio resources consumption

Hence, it’s possible to keep the UE in URA_PCHstate for long time and let the end user benefitfrom the short service reactivation time

Below a comparison for Signalling With &

Without Activation of

Fast Dormancy Handling Feature

HSPA

FACH

PCH

IDLE

Without Fast Dormancy

Handling (Ericsson Naming)

With Fast Dormancy

Handling (Ericsson

Naming) Activated

Release Iu and go to IDLE Switch to Cell/URA_PCH

Without, 31 Signalling

msgs are needed

With, only 6 msgs

Followings are the Signaling

flow during the transmission

process of a small-Packet

With

& Without the PCH function

and the Fast Dormancy

Handling

Feature are activated

According to the analysis of the live network,LTE signaling impact mainly occurs in thefollowing situation:

A large number of smartphones are performingservices that require frequent exchanges

(such as heart beats, message push, and state informationnotice). This leads to frequent state transition ofsmartphones between the idle state and connected state.

As a Solution, Differentiated control onsmartphones that are using different services

(To decrease frequent RRC connection setup and release ofsmartphones).

• Keep the RRC connection of the phone online

until no such service is used For smartphones that

involve in frequent transmission of small packets, such as IM,

Facebook, and SNS.

• Release the RRC connection of immediately after the service is complete

For smartphones that do not involve in frequent transmission of small packets, such as streaming or FTP services.

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