Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies

Volume 221

Series Editors

Robert J. Howlett, Bournemouth University and KES International,Shoreham-by-Sea, UK

Lakhmi C. Jain, KES International, Shoreham-by-Sea, UK

The Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies book series encompasses thetopics of knowledge, intelligence, innovation and sustainability. The aim of theseries is to make available a platform for the publication of books on all aspects ofsingle and multi-disciplinary research on these themes in order to make the latestresults available in a readily-accessible form. Volumes on interdisciplinary researchcombining two or more of these areas is particularly sought.

The series covers systems and paradigms that employ knowledge and intelligencein a broad sense. Its scope is systems having embedded knowledge and intelligence,which may be applied to the solution of world problems in industry, the environmentand the community. It also focusses on the knowledge-transfer methodologies andinnovation strategies employed to make this happen effectively. The combination ofintelligent systems tools and a broad range of applications introduces a need for asynergy of disciplines from science, technology, business and the humanities. Theseries will include conference proceedings, edited collections, monographs, hand-books, reference books, and other relevant types of book in areas of science andtechnology where smart systems and technologies can offer innovative solutions.

High quality content is an essential feature for all book proposals accepted for theseries. It is expected that editors of all accepted volumes will ensure thatcontributions are subjected to an appropriate level of reviewing process and adhereto KES quality principles.

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More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8767

Amaresh Chakrabarti · Ravi Poovaiah ·Prasad Bokil · Vivek KantEditors

Designfor Tomorrow—Volume 1Proceedings of ICoRD 2021

EditorsAmaresh ChakrabartiCentre for Product Designand ManufacturingIndian Institute of Science, BangaloreBengaluru, Karnataka, India

Prasad BokilIDC School of DesignIndian Institute of Technology BombayMumbai, India

Ravi PoovaiahIDC School of DesignIndian Institute of Technology BombayMumbai, India

Vivek KantIDC School of DesignIndian Institute of Technology BombayMumbai, India

ISSN 2190-3018 ISSN 2190-3026 (electronic)Smart Innovation, Systems and TechnologiesISBN 978-981-16-0040-1 ISBN 978-981-16-0041-8 (eBook)https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0041-8

© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer NatureSingapore Pte Ltd. 2021This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whetherthe whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuseof illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, andtransmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similaror dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoes not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevantprotective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this bookare believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors orthe editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for anyerrors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictionalclaims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721,Singapore

About the Conference

Design is ubiquitous; it pervades all spheres of life and has been around as long aslife has taken up the task of purposefully changing the world around it. Researchinto design and the emergence of a research community in this area have been rela-tively new. Its development has been influenced by the multiple facets of design(human, artefact, process, organisation, the micro- and macro-economy and theecology by which design is shaped) and the associated diversification of the commu-nity depending on the facets of focus or that of their applications. Design is complex,balancing the needs of multiple stakeholders and requiring a multitude of areas ofknowledge to be utilised, with resources spread across space and time.

ICoRD’21 is the eighth in a series of conferences intended to be held everytwo years in India to bring together the international community from diverseareas of design practice, education and research. It aims to showcase cutting-edgeresearch about design to the stakeholders; aid the ongoing process of developingand extending the collective vision through emerging research challenges and ques-tions; and provide a platform for interaction, collaboration and development of thecommunity in order for it to take up the challenges to realise the vision. The confer-ence is intended for all stakeholders of design and, in particular for its practitioners,researchers, pupils and educators.

The collection of papers in these two book volumes constitutes the Proceedingsof the Eighth International Conference on Research into Design (ICoRD’21) heldon virtual platform during 7 to 10 January 2021 at the IDC School of Design, IITBombay, Powai, Mumbai.

ICoRD series was initiated by Centre for Product Design and Manufacturing(CPDM) at Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore, in 2006. Since then it hasbeen hosted in 2009 and 2011 (both at IISc), 2013 (at IITMadras), 2015 (IISc), 2017(IIT Guwahati) and 2019 (IISc). CPDM has pioneered design research in India forthe last two decades. IISc is one of India’s leading science and technology institutionsand is one of the Institutes of Eminence decreed by MHRD, Government of India.

ICoRD’21 has been organised jointly by IDC, IIT Bombay, and CPDM, IIScBangalore. ICoRD’21 has been hosted on virtual platform by IDC School of Design,Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India. IDC School of Design hasoverseen the inception of design in a free India for the past 50 years. IIT Bombay is

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vi About the Conference

one of India’s leading technological institutions and is decreed by the Governmentof India as an Institute of National Importance. As a city, Mumbai serves as a hometo a variety of technological and service sectors.

The theme of ICoRD’21 has been “Design for Tomorrow”. The world as weknow it in our times is increasingly becoming connected. In this interconnectedworld, design has to address new challenges of merging the cyber and the physical,the smart and the mundane, and the technology and the human. As a result, there isan increasing need for strategising and thinking about design for a better tomorrow.Our theme for ICoRD’21 serves as a provocation for the design community to thinkabout rapid changes in the near future to usher in a better tomorrow.

The conference contained:

• Keynote presentations from eminent (inter)national experts and practitioners• Presentations of refereed papers as podium presentations• Panel discussions to present perspectives on topics of general interest• A series of workshops on topics of special interest• Networking sessions for young researchers.

Sponsors

Centre for ProductDesign andManufacturing, Indian Institute of Science,Bangalore,IndiaIndian Institute of Science, Bangalore, IndiaSpringer

vii

Endorsers

The Design Society, UKDesign Research Society, UK

ix

Conference Organisation

Steering Committee

Balan Gurumoorthy, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, IndiaCees de Bont, Loughborough University, UKJohn Gero, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, USAKota Harinarayana, National Aeronautical Laboratories, IndiaPanos Papalambros, University of Michigan, USASteve Culley, University of Bath, UK

Advisory Committee

S. Saleem Ahmed, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, IndiaTracy Bhamra, Loughborough University, UKK. S. Bhanumathi, Kovair, IndiaHenri Christiaans, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, South KoreaAnjan Das, Confederation of Indian Industry, IndiaU. B. Desai, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, IndiaKees Dorst, University of Technology Sydney, AustraliaSrinivasan Dwarakanath, Airbus, IndiaPrem Shankar Goel, National Institute of Advanced Studies, Indian Institute ofScience, Bangalore, IndiaAnil K. Gupta, Honey Bee Network, SRISTI and GIAN, IndiaImre Horvath, Delft University of Technology, NetherlandsJitendra Jadhav, CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories, Bangalore, IndiaArun Jaura, Michelin, IndiaDeep Kapuria, The Hi-Tech Gears, IndiaYong Se Kim, Sungkyunkwan University, South KoreaAnanda Kumar, LPerspective, IndiaLarry Leifer, Stanford University, USA

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xii Conference Organisation

Banshildar Majhi, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design andManufac-turing, Kancheepuram, IndiaUdayant Malhoutra, Dynamatic Technologies Limited, Bangalore, IndiaK. Rajalakshmi Menon, Centre for Airborne Systems, Defence Research andDevelopment Organisation, IndiaArabinda Mitra, Office of PSA to GOI IndiaT. S. Mruthyunjaya, Chairman Emeritus, CPDM, Indian Institute of Science, IndiaM. Muruganant, Indus University, IndiaNagahanumaiah„ Central Manufacturing Technology Institute, IndiaShailesh Nayak, National Institute of Advanced Studies, Indian Institute of Science,Bangalore, IndiaSrinivas Nidamarthi, ABB Ltd., Michigan, USASudarsan Rachuri, Department of Energy, USAP. Radhakrishnan, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, IndiaV. Bhujanga Rao, National Institute of Advanced Studies, Indian Institute of Science,Bangalore, IndiaB. Ravi, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, IndiaSofia Ritzén, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SwedenRajkumar Roy, City, University of London, UKAl Salour, The Boeing Company, USARaman Saxena, USID Foundation, IndiaReena Sharma, Defence Research and Development Organisation, IndiaVijay Srinivasan, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USAB. N. Suresh, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, IndiaKristin L. Wood, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore

Conference Chair

Ravi Poovaiah, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India

Programme Chair

Amaresh Chakrabarti, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India

Vice-Chairs

Prasad Bokil, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, IndiaVivek Kant, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India

Conference Organisation xiii

Co-chairs

Lucienne Blessing, Singapore University of Technology and Design, SingaporeMonica Bordegoni, Politecnico Di Milano, ItalyDebkumar Chakrabarti, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, IndiaJohn Clarkson, University of Cambridge, UKBenoit Eynard, University of Technology of Compiègne, FranceTim Mcaloone, Technical University of Denmark, DenmarkYukari Nagai, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, JapanLuciana Pereira, Federal University of ABC, BrazilRaghu Prakash, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, IndiaSandro Wartzack, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany

International Programme Committee

Shakuntala Acharya, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, IndiaSofiane Achiche, Polytechnique Montréal, CanadaRajat Agrawal, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, IndiaJanet Allen, University of Oklahoma, USAManish Arora, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, IndiaSandipan Bandyopadhyay, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, IndiaNiccolò Becattini, Politecnico Di Milano, ItalyAlessandro Bertoni, Blekinge Institute of Technology, SwedenMarco Bertoni, Blekinge Institute of Technology, SwedenMehul Bhatt, Örebro University, SwedenRitwij Bhowmik, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, IndiaBraj Bhushan, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, IndiaAbhijit Biswas, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, IndiaPradipta Biswas, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, IndiaJeremy Bonvoisin, University of Bath, UKYuri Borgianni, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, ItalyDavid C. Brown, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, USAFrancesco Buonamici, University of Florence, ItalyFelician Campean, University of Bradford, UKGaetano Cascini, Politecnico Di Milano, ItalyPhilip Cash, Technical University of Denmark, DenmarkAmaresh Chakrabarti, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, IndiaJayanta Chatterjee, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, IndiaYong Chen, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, ChinaPeter Childs, Imperial College London, UKFrançois Cluzel, University of Paris-Saclay, FranceNathan Crilly, University of Cambridge, UK

xiv Conference Organisation

Umberto Cugini, Politecnico Di Milano, ItalyPranab K. Dan, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, IndiaAmarendra Kumar Das, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, IndiaSuman Devadula, MIT World Peace University, IndiaDebayan Dhar, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, IndiaJay Dhariwal, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, IndiaJ. E. Diwakar, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, IndiaAlex Duffy, University of Strathclyde, UKRaghu Echempati, Kettering University, USAClaudia Eckert, The Pennsylvania State University, USABoris Eisenbart, Swinburne University of Technology, AustraliaYvonne Eriksson, Mälardalen University, SwedenGeorges Fadel, Clemson University, USAMario Fargnoli, Sapienza University of Rome, ItalyFrancesco Ferrise, Politecnico Di Milano, ItalySusan Finger, Carnegie Mellon University, USAKikuo Fujita, Osaka University, JapanL. S. Ganesh, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, IndiaGeorgi V. Georgiev, University of Oulu, FinlandDetlef Gerhard, Ruhr-University Bochum, GermanyKilian Gericke, University of Rostock, GermanyAshitava Ghosal, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, IndiaPhilippe Girard, University of Bordeaux, FranceMilane G. Goncalves, Delft University of Technology, NetherlandsRavindraGoonetilleke, TheHongKongUniversity of Science andTechnology,HongKongLapo Governi, University of Florence, ItalySerena Graziosi, Politecnico Di Milano, ItalyMatthias Guertler, University of Technology Sydney, AustraliaBala Murali Gunji, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, IndiaSean Hanna, University College London, UKBisheshwar Haorongbam, National Institute of Design Assam, IndiaPeter Hehenberger, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, AustriaBen Hicks, University of Bristol, UKStephan Husung, :Em Engineering Methods AG, Darmstadt, GermanyDavid Inkermann, Technical University of Clausthal, GermanyWilliam Ion, University of Strathclyde, UKAshok Iyer, Manipal Academy of Higher Education—Dubai Campus, UAESantosh Jagtap, Blekinge Institute of Technology, SwedenR. Jayaganthan, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, IndiaCamille Jean, Arts et Métiers, FranceShiva Ji, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, IndiaAnirudha Joshi, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, IndiaPurba Joshi, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, IndiaIestyn Jowers, The Open University, UK

Conference Organisation xv

Tero Juuti, University of Tampere, FinlandPratul Kalita, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, IndiaUdo Kannengiesser, Johannes Kepler University Linz, AustriaSougata Karmakar, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, IndiaSonal Keshwani, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, IndiaMohammed Rajik Khan, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, IndiaMaaike Kleinsmann, Delft University of Technology, NetherlandsEdwin Koh, Singapore University of Technology and Design, SingaporeChristian Köhler, Saarland University of Applied Sciences, GermanySaptarshi Kolay, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, IndiaLauri Koskela, University of Huddersfield, UKSrinivas Kota, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, IndiaDieter Krause, Hamburg University of Technology, GermanyVinayak Krishnamurthy, Texas A&M University, USARishikesha Krishnan, Indian Institute of Management Indore, IndiaTore Kristensen, Copenhagen Business School, DenmarkPeter Krogh, Aarhus University, DenmarkPetter Krus, Linköping University, SwedenJyoti Kumar, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, IndiaUdaya Kumar, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, IndiaSenthil Kumaran, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufac-turing, Kancheepuram, IndiaGuillaume Lamé, University of Paris-Saclay, FranceTobias Larsson, Blekinge Institute of Technology, SwedenSang Leigh, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USATorben Lenau, Technical University of Denmark, DenmarkRungtai Lin, National Taiwan University of Arts, TaiwanYing Liu, Cardiff University, UKYing Chieh Liu, Chang Gung University, TaiwanJoaquim Lloveras, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, SpainJianxi Luo, Singapore University of Technology and Design, SingaporeN. Madhusudanan, Corporate Technology, Siemens, IndiaJohan Malmqvist, Chalmers University of Technology, SwedenMonto Mani, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, IndiaM. Manivannan, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, IndiaNicolas Maranzana, Arts et Métiers ParisTech, FranceDorian Marjanovic, University of Zagreb, CroatiaChristian Marxt, ETH Zürich, SwitzerlandYoshiyuki Matsuoka, Keio University, JapanDeepak John Matthew, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, IndiaJason Matthews, University of the West of England, UKChristopher Mccomb, The Pennsylvania State University, USAAlison Mckay, University of Leeds, UKGavin Melles, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia

xvi Conference Organisation

Subhas Mondal, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur,IndiaCharu Monga, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, IndiaPrabir Mukhopadhyay, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design andManufacturing, Jabalpur, IndiaElena Mulet, Universitat Jaume I, SpainRaguraman Munusamy, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design andManufacturing, Kancheepuram, IndiaTamotsu Murakami, University of Tokyo, JapanRamanathan Muthuganapathy, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, IndiaNanki Nath, National Institute of Design, Ahmedabad, IndiaOscar Nespoli, University of Waterloo, CanadaSusanne Nilsson, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SwedenJosef Oehmen, Technical University of Denmark, DenmarkPrasad Onkar, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, IndiaSwati Pal, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, IndiaMassimo Panarotto, Chalmers University of Technology, SwedenJitesh Panchal, Purdue University, USAKoumudi Patil, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, IndiaNeven Pavkovic, University of Zagreb, CroatiaVesna Popovic, Queensland University of Technology, AustraliaSebastien Proulx, The Ohio State University, USARavi Punekar, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, IndiaK. Radhakrishnan, Central Institute of Technology, IndiaPalaniappan Ramu, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, IndiaB. S. C. Ranjan, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, IndiaBalkrishna Rao, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, IndiaN. V. Chalapathi Rao, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, IndiaP. V. M. Rao, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, IndiaN. Venkata Reddy, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, IndiaCaterina Rizzi, University of Bergamo, ItalySergio Rizzuti, University of Calabria, ItalyPaul Rodgers, University of Strathclyde, UKSerge Rohmer, University of Technology of Troyes, FranceAnna Öhrwall Rönnbäck, Luleå University of Technology, SwedenFederico Rotini, University of Florence, ItalySatyaki Roy, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, IndiaTomohiko Sakao, Linköping University, SwedenB. Santhi, National Institute of Technology Goa, IndiaGurunathan Saravana Kumar, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, IndiaBiplab Sarkar, Nokia, IndiaPrabir Sarkar, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, IndiaPeer Sathikh, Nanyang Technological University, SingaporeKeiichi Sato, Illinois Institute of Technology, USAMichael Schabacker, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany

Conference Organisation xvii

Dirk Schaefer, University of Liverpool, UKVinodh Sekar, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, IndiaHarivardhini Selvakumar, PES University, IndiaDibakar Sen, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, IndiaJoy Sen, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, IndiaAnshuman Sharma, TCS, IndiaApurbba Kumar Sharma, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, IndiaArlindo Silva, Singapore University of Technology and Design, SingaporeInderdeep Singh, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, IndiaSumer Singh, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, IndiaVishal Singh, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, IndiaRicardo Sosa, Auckland University of Technology, New ZealandMario Storga, University of Zagreb, CroatiaEswaran Subrahmanian, Carnegie Mellon University, USAShankar Subramanian, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, IndiaAbinash Swain, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, IndiaPuneet Tandon, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufac-turing, Jabalpur, IndiaAsokan Thondiyath, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, IndiaAnshuman Tripathy, Indian Institute of Management Bangalore, IndiaYasushi Umeda, University of Tokyo, JapanPaul Varghese, Trysquare Engineers and Builders, IndiaNilesh Vasa, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, IndiaGokula Vasantha, Edinburgh Napier University, UKSrikanth Vedantam, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, IndiaSrinivasan Venkataraman, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, IndiaAlok Verma, Old Dominion University, USANikola Vukasinovic, University of Ljubljana, SloveniaFedja Vukic, University of Zagreb, CroatiaParag Vyas, GrauBär Design Studios, IndiaRobert Wendrich, University of Twente, NetherlandsAndrew Wodehouse, University of Strathclyde, UKPradeep Yammiyavar, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, IndiaYong Zeng, Concordia University, Canada

Organising Committee

Shakuntala Acharya, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, IndiaRupa Agarwal, National Institute of Fashion Technology, IndiaPrasad Bokil, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, IndiaVivek Kant, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, IndiaAjanta Sen, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, IndiaAvinash Shende, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India

xviii Conference Organisation

Web Admin

Roopa Narayan Sahoo, IDC, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India

Student Organising Committee

Abdul Mohsin Ali, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, IndiaShivalika Bansal, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, IndiaApoorv Naresh Bhatt, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, IndiaKaushik Bhattacharya, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, IndiaDebajit Brahma, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, IndiaSpandan Das, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, IndiaDeepshikha Dash, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, IndiaArshiya Gahlot, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, IndiaFelnunmoi Gangte, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, IndiaAnubhav Gangwar, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, IndiaDivya Gaur, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, IndiaKiran Ghadge, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, IndiaBhavana Ghanta, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, IndiaPuneeth K. S., Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, IndiaAnirvina Karnala, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, IndiaIshaan Kaushal, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, IndiaShreya Kondvilkar, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, IndiaJohn Kujur, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, IndiaAnurag Kumar Singh, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, IndiaSiddharth Kumar, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, IndiaAnubhab Majumder, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, IndiaSaikat Mondal, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, IndiaDeblina Pandit, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, IndiaArivukkarasu Periyasamy, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, IndiaStuti Prakashkumar, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, IndiaSubin Raj, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, IndiaPriyanka Rawal, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, IndiaMadhuri S„ Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, IndiaNishath Salma, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, IndiaPratiti Sarkar, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, IndiaRounak Sengupta, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, IndiaNamrita Sharma, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, IndiaShivangi, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, IndiaSanjay Singh, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, IndiaParidhi Subbaian Kaliamoorthy, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, IndiaJayaSurya Sudakaran, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, IndiaCharu Tripathi, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India

Preface

Design is ubiquitous; it pervades all spheres of life and has been around ever sincelife has been engaged in purposefully changing the world around it. While somedesigns have transcended time, most designs are in a perpetual process of beingevolved. Research into design and the emergence of a research community in thisarea have been relatively new. Its development has been influenced by the multiplefacets of design (human, artefact, process, organisation, ecology, micro- and macro-economy by which design is shaped and which it shapes in turn) and the associateddiversification of the community depending on the facets of focus or that of theirapplications. Design is complex, balancing the needs of multiple stakeholders andrequiring a multitude of areas of knowledge to be utilised, with resources spreadacross space and time.

The collection of papers in these two book volumes constitutes the Proceedingsof the Eighth International Conference on Research into Design (ICoRD’21) held atIndian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India, (this time on virtual platform), during7–10 January 2021. ICoRD’21 is the eight in a series of biennial conferences heldin India to bring together the international community from diverse areas of designpractice, teaching and research. The goals are to share cutting-edge research aboutdesign among its stakeholders; aid the ongoing process of developing a collectivevision through emerging research challenges and questions; and provide a platformfor interaction, collaboration and development of the community in order for it toaddress the global and local challenges by forming and realising the collective vision.The conference is intended for all stakeholders of design and, in particular, for itspractitioners, researchers, teachers and students.

Five hundred and fifty-four abstracts were submitted to ICoRD’21, from which529 were accepted for full paper submission. A total of 295 full papers weresubmitted, which were reviewed by experts from the ICoRD’21 InternationalProgrammeCommittee comprising 238members fromover 149 institutions or organ-isations from 27 countries spanning five continents. Finally, 234 full papers, authoredby 460 researchers (460 unique authors, actually 606 authors’ entries in 236 papers)from 21 countries spanning 5 continents, were selected for presentation at the confer-ence and for publication as chapters in this book. ICoRD has steadily grown over the

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xx Preface

last seven editions, from a humble beginning in 2006 with 30 papers and 60 partic-ipants, through 75 papers and 100 participants in ICoRD’09, 100 papers and 150participants in ICoRD’11, 114 papers and 170 participants in ICoRD’13, 118 papersand 200 participants in ICoRD’15, 178 papers and 230 participants in ICoRD’17and 169 papers and 352 participants in ICoRD’19.

All papers were presented in ICoRD’21 in the podium mode. It had keynotesfrom prominent researchers and practitioners from around the world such as SteveEppinger, MIT, USA; Punya Mishra, Arizona State University, USA; ArmandHatchuel, MinesParisTech, France; Tetsuo Tomiyama, International ProfessionalUniversity, Tokyo, Japan; Paul Hekkert, TU Delft, The Netherlands; Tomas Ramos,Nova University, Lisbon, Portugal; Dibakar Sen, Indian Institute of Science,Bangalore, India, etc.

The chapters in the three book volumes together cover all three major areas ofproducts and processes: functionality, form and human factors. The spectrum oftopics ranges from those focusing on early stages such as creativity and synthesis,through those that are primarily considered in later stages of the product life cycle,such as safety, reliability or manufacturability, to those that are relevant across thewhole product life cycle, such as collaboration, communication, designmanagement,knowledge management, cost, environment and product life cycle management.Issues of delivery of research into design, in terms of its two major arms: designeducation and practice, are both highlighted in the chapters of the book volumes.Foundational topics such as the nature of design theory and research methodologyare also major areas of focus. It is particularly encouraging to see in the chaptersthe variety of areas of application of research into design—aerospace, health care,automotive, biomedical and so on.

The theme of ICoRD’21 is ‘Design for Tomorrow’. The world as we know it inour times is increasingly becoming connected. In this interconnected world, designhas to address new challenges of merging the cyber and the physical, the smart andthe mundane, and the technology and the human. As a result, there is an increasingneed for strategising and thinking about design for a better tomorrow. Our theme forICoRD’21 serves as a provocation for the design community to think about rapidchanges in the near future to usher in a better tomorrow. ICoRD’21 is organisedjointly by IDC, IIT Bombay, and CPDM, IISc Bangalore. IDC School of Design hasoverseen the inception of design in a free India for the past 50 years. IIT Bombay isone of India’s leading technological institutions and is decreed by the Governmentof India as an Institute of National Importance. As a city, Mumbai serves as a hometo a variety of technological and service sectors.

On behalf of the Steering Committee, Advisory Committee, Organising Commit-tees and Co-Chairs, we thank all the authors, delegates, institutions and organisationsthat participated in the conference. We also thank the members of the InternationalProgramme Committee for their support in reviewing the papers for ICoRD’21,which is essential for maintaining the quality of the conference, and for their supportin putting this book together.

We are thankful to the Design Society and Design Research Society for their kindendorsement of ICoRD’21. We thank Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay

Preface xxi

and its IDC School of Design, and Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore,and its Centre for Product Design and Manufacturing (CPDM), for their support ofthis event. We also wish to place on record and acknowledge the enormous supportprovided by the Student Organising Committee in managing the review process, inpreparation of the conference programme and this book and the conference as awhole. In particular, we wish to thank Mr. Apoorv Bhatt, Mr. Roopa Narayan Sahooand Ms. Nishath Salma for their valuable contributions. We also thank the large anddedicated group of student volunteers of IIT Bombay, IISc Bangalore, IIT Guwa-hati and other institutions in the organisation of the conference. Finally, we thankSpringer, especially its Editor Ms. Swati Meherishi and its editorial support team,for their wonderful support, including their sponsoring of Springer book vouchersfor the Winners of Distinguished Paper Awards at ICoRD’21.

Bengaluru/Mumbai, India Amaresh ChakrabartiRavi PoovaiahPrasad BokilVivek Kant

Contents

Part I Human Factors in Design (Physical and CognitiveErgonomics; Design for Emotions, etc.)

1 The Role of Letter Anatomy in Type Design: An Eye-TrackingStudy of Bengali Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Subhajit Chandra and D. Udaya Kumar

2 Factors to Look into for Designing Interiors of Long-DistancePilgrimage Buses in India: A Survey-Based Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17G. Chinmaya Krishnan and Debkumar Chakrabarti

3 Effect of Tool Handle Design Parameters on Upper ExtremityMuscle Performance in Periodontology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Vibha Bhatia, Jagiit Singh Randhawa, Parveen Kalra,Ashish Jain, and Vishakha Grover

4 An Experimental Investigation on Postural Risks in FloorMopping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Mohammed Rajik Khan and Gouri Naik

5 Development of Novel Biodynamic Model of the SeatedOccupants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Veeresalingam Guruguntla and Mohit Lal

6 Urge for Human-Centered Design Intervention for HarvestingAquatic Food Crops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59Jitesh Singh Chauhan and Sougata Karmakar

7 Research Design for Simplifying Anthropometric DataCollection Process Using PCA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71Amare Wibneh, Ashish Kumar Singh, and Sougata Karmakar

8 An Attempt to Understand Social Relationships Using FacialExpression Electromyography Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83Quentin Ehkirch, Saya Kakiuchi, Yuki Motomura,Susumu Matsumae, and Akane Matsumae

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9 Design Using Storytelling and Play to Give PsychologicalSupport to Children and Caregivers Battling Cancerand Other Chronic Illness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97Aditi Sit, Aditi Singh, and Parag Anand

10 Mental Imagery for Multisensory Designers: Insightsfor Non-visual Design Cognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109Ingrid Monteiro Maciel, Guilherme Felicio,Edmar Thomaz da Silva, Emília Villani, Petter Krus,and Luciana Pereira

11 The Influence of Personal Traits on Indian Millennial’sAdoption of 3D Printed Fashion Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119Indranil Saha and Deepak John Mathew

12 Inclusive Design—Designing Barrier-Free Public Spaces . . . . . . . . . . 133Suhani Arora and Aditi Deshpande

13 Memes that Evoke Emotions: A Neurodesign Strategyfor Brand Communication and Experience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147Anirban Chowdhury and Prasun Chakraborty

14 Design of a Low Cost Adjustable Seating System for Comfortof Weaver in ‘de Sign Loom: A Semi-Automatic Handloom’ . . . . . . . 157Manohar Mahato and Amarendra Kumar Das

15 Redesigning Walker for Elderly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167Nilanjana Bairagi and Prathmesh Mahajani

16 It is not a Driverless Car!—A Framework for Interactingwith the AI in Autonomous Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179Peer M. Sathikh and Guan Yi Tan

17 MONEY TALKS: “Back to the Future”—Challengesin Banknote Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191Rukmini Dahanukar

18 A Field Investigation of the Average Indoor ThermalComfort Parameters on the Railway Pantry Car Kitchenat the Different Cooking Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203Md. Sarfaraz Alam, Arunachalam Muthiah, and Urmi Salve

19 Visual Framework of Color Analysis of Shop Signs in India . . . . . . . 213Nanki Nath

20 Physical Space Acting as a Catalyst for Improving MentalHealth Especially for Teenage Students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231Aavrati Kushwaha and Mayur Hajare

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21 Exploring the OSH Scenario in Floating Solar PV Projectsin India and Opportunities for Ergonomics DesignInterventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245Abhijit Sen and Sougata Karmakar

22 Musculoskeletal Disorders and Ergonomic Risk Assessmentof Postures Adopted by Handcrafted Kalash Polishers,Northeast India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257Krishna Chaitanya Mallampalli and Swati Pal

23 Calligraphic Typesetting Exploration of Religious Scripturesto Resurrect the Emotional and Spiritual ConnectionOriginally Existed in the Traditional Penmanship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267Abhay Verma and Abhijit Padun

24 Para, Adda and Residents of Kolkata: Need for Design of NewNeighbourhoods Accommodating Cultural Legacies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279Suryendu Dasgupta and Megha Tyagi

25 A Comparative Study of Design Methodologies to IntegrateErgonomics Requirements into Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291Krishna Chaitanya Mallampalli, Debayan Dhar, and Swati Pal

26 The Relationship Between the Pose of Virtual Characterand Virtual Character’s Personality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303Chun Yang Su and Chun Heng Ho

Part II Design of/for User Interfaces, User Experience andHuman Computer Interaction

27 Eye Tracking to Understand Impact of Aging on MobilePhone Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315Antony William Joseph, D. V. Jeevitha Shree,Kamal Preet Singh Saluja, Abhishek Mukhopadhyay,Ramaswami Murugesh, and Pradipta Biswas

28 Analyzing Ocular Parameters for Web Browsing and GraphVisualization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327Somnath Arjun, Kamal Preet Saluja, and Pradipta Biswas

29 Defining the Non-user: A Classification of Reasons for Non-use . . . . 339Laura Augustin, Björn Kokoschko, Andrea Wolffram,and Michael Schabacker

30 Usability Analysis of Warning Icons in Passenger CarDashboards in India Using Modified System Usability Scale(SUS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351Sourav Bhattacharya and Dhananjay Singh Bisht

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31 What Does the HCI Design Industry Expect from an Entrant?Findings from Interviews with Indian UX Design Team Leads . . . . . 363Surbhi Pratap and Jyoti Kumar

32 Development and Evaluation of Usability Heuristics for VoiceUser Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375Lokesh Fulfagar, Anupriya Gupta, Arpit Mathur,and Abhishek Shrivastava

33 Liquid Interactions: A Conceptual Interaction Frameworkfor the Future Now . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387Shweta Chaudhary, Archana Balaji, and Sunil Ganesh

34 Designing a Donation Portal to Help Underprivileged Indians . . . . . 399Arushi Jindal and Anirban Chowdhury

35 Evaluation and Redesign of SAP Portal for University Students . . . 413Yukta Sharma and Anirban Chowdhury

36 LinkedIn Students: An Extension of LinkedIn Designedfor College Students to Enhance Their Job-HuntingExperience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423Paromita Loha and Anirban Chowdhury

37 Mobile User Experience (UX) Design Guidelines Consideringthe Need for Accessibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437Poornima Kapoor

38 i-HAWA: An Interactive Device for Providing CognitiveBreaks in the Workspace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451Anamika Bhatt, Saurav Vaishnav, Muskan Surana, and Naveen Kumar

39 Speculating Cybernetic Cities in a Posthuman Era: Designof Internet of Bodies (IoB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465Srinjoy Ghosh and Mohd Saim Nasim Lari

40 How Ethical Are Persuasive Design Practices? A Proposalfor Assessment of Ethics in HCI Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475Sanju Ahuja and Jyoti Kumar

41 Assessment of Knowledge, Behavior, and Practicesof Maternal and Child Health of Rural Pregnant Women . . . . . . . . . 489Rohit Kumar and Shatarupa Thakurta Roy

42 Enhancing User Experience of E-commercePlatforms—A Case Study of B2C Applications in the IndianMarket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503Megha Agrawal and Debayan Dhar

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43 Affecting Technology Consumption—Role of Designersin Ushering Behaviour Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517Arzoo Khare and Debayan Dhar

Part III Design Aesthetics, Semiotics, Semantics

44 Visual Features of Ethnic Handloom Products for Retentionof the Unique Traditional Signatures Along with Detectionof Authenticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531Chirapriya Mondal and Sougata Karmakar

45 Visual Alankars: Toward a Decolonized Visual DesignFramework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543Raina Singh and Saurabh Tewari

46 Typeface Design for Cultural Identity—An Explorationwith Assamese Typeface Design and Its Future Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555Abhijit Padun and Amarendra Kumar Das

47 Impact of Indian Culture-Oriented Color, Material,and Finish (CMF) Design on Contemporary Products . . . . . . . . . . . . 567Supriya Ugale and Nachiket Thakur

48 A Visual Analysis of Motifs and Patterns of GhanasyamHouse Sivasagar, Assam, India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579Saurav Khuttiya Deori and Utpal Barua

49 Brand Style DNA in Consumer Products: Decoding Strategiesfrom a Design Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593Shoubhik Dutta Roy and Wricha Mishra

50 Product Semantics: The Emotional Design Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607Lakshay Gaur and Subhajit Chandra

51 Design of a Railway Station: Creative Expression of CulturalHeritage Identity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619Somya Mishra and Debkumar Chakrabarti

52 Language and Colour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631Shekhar Bhattacharjee

53 A Review: Representation of Women in CommercialAdvertising and Impact in Indian Society . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641Swarnadeep Nath and Bhaskar Saha

54 An Approach to Identify Indigenous Color Palette: A CaseStudy of Majuli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655Sunanda Sahu

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55 Competitive Branding of Sustainable Domestic Products:A Product Semantics Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665Rik Bhattacharjee and Saurabh Tewari

56 PowerPost: A Framework for Designing Visual PoliticalCommunication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675Anik Ghosh and Saurabh Tewari

57 Principles of Complementarity in Designing Balanced UrbanSpace: Cases of Sociocultural Spaces of Kolkata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 687Tanima Bhattacharya and Joy Sen

58 Dots and Lines: Indian Folk and Tribal Art Inspired Activitiesfor Kids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701Rinki Sambhani and Saurabh Tewari

59 The Creative Prints of Somnath Hore: A Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715Namrita Sharma and Utpal Barua

60 Androgynous Fashion from the Concept to Consumers:An Empirical Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727Indranil Saha, Akanksha, and Diotima Basu

61 Spectacles of the Temporal City: An Analysis of the Effectsof Festivals on Identity in an Urban Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 739Anusmita Das and Amarendra Kumar Das

62 Implementation of Digital Techniques Process Throughthe Storyboard for Better Understanding in Visual Narratives . . . . . 753Yendrembam Suresh Singh and Bhaskar Saha

63 Influence of Sync Sound Recording Technologies on Aestheticsof Voice and Sound Design in the Hindi Cinema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765Hitesh Chaurasia

64 Protest as Performance: The Staging of CAA Protests . . . . . . . . . . . . 779Neelakantan Keshavan, Saroj Boipai, and Devi Meghana Karanam

65 Reconstruction of Vanishing Indigenous Cultural Threadsof Naamghar in Assam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 793Charu Monga and Amarendra Kumar Das

66 A Thematic Analysis of Graffiti in Urban Spaces by UsingIndic Scripts for Experiments and Exploration for AcademicEducational Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807Siddhesh Sushil Shirsekar

67 Study and Revival Strategies for Traditional Art Form: Caseof Sindhudurg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 819Priyanka Mangaonkar-Vaiude and Minu Joshi

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Part IV Eco-design, Sustainable Manufacturing, Design forSustainability

68 Mapping the Topoi of Sustainable—Design—Thinkingin Indian Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 835Asit J. Bhatt

69 Bio-bricks: Circular Economy and New Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 845Priyabrata Rautray, Avik Roy, Deepak John Mathew, and Boris Eisenbart

70 Sustainable Design and Development of Stubble RemovingAgricultural Machine for Stopping the Burning of PaddyStubble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 859Harmanpreet Singh, Prabir Sarkar, Harpreet Singh, and Fateh Singh

71 A Three-Phase Quality Function Deployment Approachfor Conceptualizing a Sustainable Product Life Cycle: CaseStudy of a Blower Heater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869Prashant Kumar Singh and Prabir Sarkar

72 Bio-architecture of Living Root Bridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 881Srinidhi Ravishankar and Shiva Ji

73 Eco-Design, Craftsmanship and Sustainability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 889Monikuntala Das and Amarendra Kumar Das

74 Identifying Criteria for the Selection of Ecodesign Methodsto Integrate into SMEs Product Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 901Björn Kokoschko, Laura Augustin, and Michael Schabacker

75 A Study on Design Concept for Comfortabilityof Dokhona—For Sustainability of Bodo Traditional Wearand Culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911Chaitali Brahma, Bhaskar Saha, and Debkumar Chakrabarti

76 Design of Bamboo Shelter Kit for Post-disaster TemporaryShelter Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 923Kankana Narayan Dev and Amarendra Kumar Das

77 Review of Building Energy Code and Its Implementationin Residential Sector: A Global Outlook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 935Kratika Piparsania and Pratul Ch. Kalita

78 Exploring Two Housing Typologies in the VernacularArchitecture of Assam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 949Srinidhi Ravishankar and Shiva Ji

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79 Design for Sustainable Smart Cities; An Impactful ApproachThrough the Role of Designers Towards Future of Mankind . . . . . . . 961Veera Venkata Atmakuri, Mohd Saim Nasim Lari, and Arun Thangaraj

80 Water, a Product? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 971Shubham Vaidya, Aditi Singh, and Parag Anand

About the Editors

Prof. Amaresh Chakrabarti is a Senior Professor and current Chairman for theCentre for Product Design and Manufacturing, Indian Institute of Science (IISc),Bangalore. He has B.E. in Mechanical Engineering from Indian Institute of Engi-neering Science and Technology, Shibpur, M.E. in Design of Mechanical Systemsfrom Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, and Ph.D. in Engineering Design fromthe University of Cambridge, UK. He led the Design Synthesis group at the EPSRCfunded Engineering Design Centre at the University of Cambridge before joiningIISc as an Associate Professor in 2001. His interests are in synthesis, creativity,sustainability, and informatics. He has published 16 books, over 300 peer-reviewedarticles, and has 11 patents granted/pending. He has been on the Advisory Board andthe Board of Management of the Design Society, UK; member of the CII NationalCommittee on Design India; member of the Jury of India Design Mark; and memberof the CII Smart Manufacturing Council India. He founded IDeASLab—India’sfirst Design Observatory. He is the Founding Programme chair for InternationalConference Series on Research into Design (ICoRD), Conference Chair for the 22ndCIRP Design Conference 2012 and the 3rd International Conference on DesignCreativity 2015 (3rd ICDC) and vice-Chair for AI in Design and Design Computingand Cognition Conferences. In 2014, he co-initiated India’s first Smart Factory R&Dplatform.

Prof. Ravi Poovaiah is senior faculty member at the Industrial Design Centre(IDC), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay. He has backgrounds inMechan-ical Engineering, Product Design and Graphic Arts Education having studied respec-tively at IIT Madras and Bombay and at the Rhode Island School of Design (RISD),Providence, USA. His current pedagogic as well as research and design interests arein fields related to InteractionDesign, NewMediaDesign, Visual Design and ProductDesign and his research interests are in areas related to Visual Language, Informa-tion Visualisation, Visual Narratives, Way Finding Systems, Interaction Devices,Collaborative Social and Learning Environments and Designing for Children. He isinvolved with building digital resources related to ‘Design Learning’, ‘Folk Tales’,‘Interactive Systems’, ‘Designing for Children’, ‘Design of Way-finding Systems’and ‘Design in India’ with free and open access to networked information. He is

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xxxii About the Editors

also the co-director of a research project named COSMIC on experimenting withSocial Media at IIT Bombay along with collaborative Institutes NTU and NUS inSingapore. Prof. Poovaiah has worked on projects with major industry leaders suchas Microsoft, Yahoo, Google India, Motorola India, Indian Oil Corporation, BharatPetroleum Corporation, Bharat Electronics Limited, Siemens India, among others.

Dr. Prasad Bokil is a mechanical engineer and communication designer withMaster’s and Ph.D. in communication design from IDC School of Design, IndianInstitute of Technology (IIT) Bombay, India. He teaches courses in typography andgraphic design at undergraduate as well as postgraduate levels. His research inter-ests are visual language, visual narratives and game design. He is currently workingtowards ‘design forwellbeing’. Dr. Bokil alsoworked as a ResearchAssistant at IDC,IIT Bombay, where he worked with a team of artisans at studio under guidance ofProf. A. G. Rao to enhance the packaging of some of the products. He is involved inseveral funded projects, including the Kanimuni project funded byMHRD under theDesign Innovation Centre at IIT Guwahati. This project aims to develop educationalgames to build interest and confidence to learn English, Mathematics, Science and21st century skills in school students. Dr Bokil has (co-)organised many conferencesandworkshops, includingTypographyDay 2013,HimalayanLanguages Symposium2016, ICoRD’17 in 2017, Type Design Workshop 2013, Game Design Workshop2015, Design Research Workshop 2015, Workshop on Software product develop-ment process in Agile environment March 2015, Informatica 2016, Kanimuni: DICGame Design Workshop 2016, etc.

Dr. Vivek Kant is an Assistant Professor at IDC School of Design, Indian Instituteof Technology (IIT) Bombay, India. He is an active researcher in the field of systemsdesign, human factors (cognitive ergonomics/cognitive engineering), sociotechncialsystems, and history and philosophy of design engineering. Dr. Kant pursued hisB.S. in Electrical Engineering from Dayalbagh Educational Institute, India in 2004,M.S. in Cognitive Science from University of Allahabad, India in 2008, M.A. inPsychology from University of Connecticut, USA in 2011, and Ph.D. in SystemsDesign Engineering fromUniversity ofWaterloo, Canada in 2015. Hewas a Postdoc-toral Fellow at the Institute of Catastrophe Risk Management, Nanyang Technolog-ical University (NTU), Singapore, and the Division of Sociology, School of Humani-ties and Social Sciences, NTU along with Future Resilient Systems, Singapore-ETHCentre. He has also worked as an Assistant Systems Engineer for Tata ConsultancyServices, India.