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Multidisciplinary Applied Research and Innovation Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021) 37-47
© Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Publisher’s Office
MARI
Homepage: http://penerbit.uthm.edu.my/periodicals/index.php/mari
e-ISSN : 2773-4773
*Corresponding author: [email protected] 2021 UTHM Publisher. All right reserved. penerbit.uthm.edu.my/periodicals/index.php/mari
Techsource Programme: Simply Supported
Reinforced Concrete Beam Design By Microsoft
Excel
Nur Shahelly Mansor Mohamad Mansor1, Puteri Azira
Shamsul Amri1, Rabiatul Adawiyyah Nazri1, Mohd Jahaya
Kesot1* 1Department of Civil Engineering, Centre for Diploma Studies,
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Pagoh, MALAYSIA.
*Corresponding Author Designation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.30880/mari.2021.02.02.006
Received 25 April 2021; Accepted 16 March 2021; Available online 30 May 2021
Abstract: This study was conducted to help students in the form of providing and
calculating the problems regarding reinforced concrete beam in the simplest and
easiest way. The main reason students face multitude kinds of problems while
calculating reinforced beam manually is due to the complex calculation in order to
obtain the output analysis. Hence, a program is created in order to solve this complex
calculation. This project presents a design of reinforced concrete beam by Microsoft
Excel Visual for Application (VBA), mainly focusing on the problems that arise se
from a long calculation that is both time and energy-consuming. In other words, this
project promotes automatic calculation as opposed to a more difficult one where it is
done manually. By using VBA as the medium attraction, this project offers attractive
displays and produce automated applications such as data entry worksheet that can be
used to generate reports, in addition to the ability to print the said reports in a PDF
form, which is arguably the most convenient form and is accepted worldwide as of
current status. Users only need to place an input of the required data onto this program
and a desired output will be displayed. Users can also revise the previously printed
PDF reports as their revision in the future. This report will act as a learning material
for users as well as guidance in the design calculation process.
Keywords: Reinforced Concrete Design, Simply Supported Beam, Microsoft Excel,
Visual Basic Application, Programme.
1. Introduction
Computer is effective tools for teaching electronics particularly in the context of today. In
several universities the Ministry of Education has implemented the use of computer-assisted learning.
The use of software definitely improves the learning process among students. The computer facilitates
the integration and motion, the transfer of image and sound into lessons. These multimedia resources
present materials that encourage the learner to interact with the subject. To make the learning process
M Mansor et al., Multidisciplinary Applied Research and Innovation Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021) p. 37-47
38
easier for the student, programming animation could help get more attention from the student [1] [2]
[3].
This project is specific for students of University Tun Husein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) at a
diploma level in civil engineering and this concrete design project applies to Eurocode, British
Standard and Malaysian Standard. Moreover, this project is limited to being used only on personal
computers ( PCs) and not on capable devices based on android.
1.1 Reinforced Concrete Design (RCD)
Reinforced concrete design (RCD) is a concrete that is strengthen using steel reinforcement.
Steel reinforcement is a material that strong in tension and compression, but it is become weak in lateral
stability during compression and lost most of its strength during fire. Concrete surrounding steel to
protect it from corrosion that is caused by moist air or salt water. The tensile strength of steel will reduce
rapidly if the temperature over 1200 degree of Fahrenheit. Steel were protected with concrete cover by
several inches will retain its strength during several hours of exposure to intense heat. When the
reinforcement is strongly bonded to the concrete, strong, stiff and ductile construction material is
produced and this called RCD, use as extensively to construct foundations, structural frames, storage
tanks, shell roof, highways, walls, dams, canals, and innumerable other structures and building products.
Two other characteristic of concrete that present even when concrete is reinforced are shrinkage and
creep, but the negative effects of these properties can be mitigated by careful design [4] [5] [6].
1.2 Comprasion of Methods Reinforced Concrete Design RCD calculation
There are three methods are considered as a calculation reinforced concrete, made up of a
manual calculation, using application and using TechSource Program. Each method has different
calculations of measuring as shown in Table 1.
Table 1: Different of methods RCD calculation
No. Manual Calculation Using Application
(RC Beam Free)
Using TechSource
Program
1 All the data must be
calculated manual and by
using calculator
Enter data to get the solution Enter the data for every step.
2 Must remember the
formulae to finish the
calculation
The formulae do not show for
calculation
This program will show the
formulae that had been used
for every calculation
3 Cannot check the answer
whether it is right or wrong
The answer will be show
without the calculation
Every output data will be
show with the right
calculation and details
2. Methods
Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet software used for measurements, visualization and
documentation of business process data of all kinds. This means it is used to create text grids, numbers
and all calculation-specific formula. It can be programmed to use formula such as engineering models
to pull in data to update such information in real time. In the exchange of data Microsoft Excel has
become a de facto standard and perform various calculations.
VBA stands for Visual Basic Applications, an event-driven programming language from
Microsoft that is now primarily used in the Microsoft Office application. It helps techies build custom
M Mansor et al., Multidisciplinary Applied Research and Innovation Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021) p. 37-47
39
application and solutions to improve the capabilities of those apps. The most popular among VBA's, is
Excel VBA. VBA isn't as vast as many popular languages [7] [8].
2.1 Common Worksheet Funtions
User can choose to use the Excel Text to Columns command to convert an entire column of
Excel numbers to text. Although, this option can be less effective if the data is covering many tables,
because the order Text to Tables only operates for one column at a time. The Excel text function
converts the given number to text in a user-specific format.
2.1.1 Convert Numbers Into Text as Output
The Excel text function converts the given number to text in a user-specific format. The form
of this function is TEXT(Value, Format_Text) which is the Value is the number to be converted to text
and format_text is a text string that defines the formatting to be applied to the supplied value.
The spreadsheet below provides samples of the Excel Formulas function used to translate a
basic number, currency, date and time to document as Figure 1 for the formula and Figure 2 the result.
2.2 VBA Functions
VBA's input and output is easy to address. All it is need to do is gain worksheet information
and keep the macro recording going. And after all the work has been done, quit recording.
2.2.1 Form with Input Box to Receive Data
User may use the InputBox function in Excel VBA to prompt the user to enter a value. Place
a command button on your worksheet and add the following step code lines.
(i) Declare the variable myValue of type Variant as shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3: Example to declare the coding
Note: We use a variable of type Variant here because a Variant variable can hold any type
of value. This way the user can enter text and numbers.
Figure 2: Results of used
the TEXT formulas
Figure 1: The TEXT
formulas
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(ii) Add the following code line to show the input box as Figure 4 below.
Figure 4: Code line
(iii) Write the value of myValue to cell A1 as shown in Figure below. Then, the result will
be show when user enters the value 5 and clicks the OK button as Figure 5.
Figure 5: InputBox to receive data myValue
(iv) The InputBox function has more optional arguments. The following code line shows
an input box with a title displayed in the title bar and has a default value as Figure
below. The default value will be used if no other input is provided. Result when the
user only clicks the OK button as shown in Figure 6.
Figure 6: Result when user click OK
Note: Place the cursor on InputBox in the Visual Basic Editor and click F1 for help on the
other optional arguments
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2.2.2 Create IF THEN statement, ELSE statement which following steps below.
(i) IF THEN Statement
Use the If then statement in Excel VBA to execute code lines if a specific condition is
met. Place a command button on your worksheet and add the following code lines as
Figure below. If score is greater than or equal to 60, Excel VBA returns pass. Figure 7
shows the result when you click the command button on the sheet.
Figure 7: Result when click command button
Note: if score is less than 60, Excel VBA places the value of the empty variable result into
cell B1.
(ii) Else Statement
Place a command button on your worksheet and add the following code lines with
Figure 8. If score is greater than or equal to 60, Excel VBA returns pass, else Excel
VBA returns fail. Result will be show when user click the command button on the sheet as shown in Figure 9.
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42
3. Result And Discussion
The common design of a row and column array in Excel spreadsheets with automated updating
and display of results has been expanded with Formulas libraries, flexible graphics and charting
facilities, appealing and fully efficient graphical user interfaces and the ability to write custom code in
Visual Basic for Excel languages. The advanced spreadsheet program can be used for the design and
analysis of rectangular reinforced concrete beams for educational purposes.
3.1 Result of Project
Users will be guided step by step in this current chapter, using graphics and how to run this
program.
3.1.1 Home Page
The program will automatically be loaded as soon as the user clicks on the TechSource Program.
There's going to be a little introduction to this feature. Users are led to choose three key choices,
Learning Module, Form Input Page and Worksheet Input Page, as seen in Figure 10. Each of these
three options has its own functions.
Figure 8: Code lines for command button
Figure 9: Result when user click at command button
Note: only if you have one code line after Then and no Else statement, it is allowed to place
a code line directly after Then and to omit (leave out) End If (first example). Otherwise
start a new line after the words Then and Else and end with End If (second example).
M Mansor et al., Multidisciplinary Applied Research and Innovation Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021) p. 37-47
43
Figure 10: Home page
3.1.2 Learning Module
This Learning Module has nine chapters describing Reinforced Concrete Beam, divided by two
main topics, Reinforced Concrete and Design Calculation, as shown in Figure 11. This Learning
Module will help users learn more about this Reinforced Concrete with a simple and helpful note.
Figure 11: Learning Module
3.1.3 Input Data
This program can provide and gives the required of lever arm, tension and compression steel
required, minimum and maximum reinforcement provided, maximum and minimum spacing based on
user’s preference and input data. The input data is composed of pages that are related to the information
calculated in the spreadsheet. User needed to fill in all data displayed in the input page choice program
as shown in Figure 12 and 13 and it will be registerd at worksheet as Figure 14.
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Figure 12: Input Data for General Data and Actions
Figure 13: Input Data for Preliminary Sizing
Figure 14: Data input at worksheet
3.1.4 Output Data
The output will be seen in both the program and the worksheet. Figure 15 shows the value of
data will enter by the user is already connected from VBA to the worksheet in excel, so that the user
can directly print the measured beam sheet. Meanwhile Figure 16 shows data output at worksheet that
already connected from VBA form.
There are certain data have
option value for user enter it
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Figure 15: Formed for Output Data
Figure 16: Data output at worksheet
3.2 Discussion of The Project
There are many type of the ouput in this program such as graphical result of bending moment
diagram and also graphic image of cross-section of the beam.
3.2.1 Graphical Result
Basically, the graphic image is based on the data that the user has entered. How it is designed
will link the coordinate to another worksheet that has already been set up as Figure 17.
Each output has their own formula function to
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Figure 17: Maximum bending moment diagram and cross-section of beam
3.2.2 Summary
Detailing drawing for the calculation will be create and user also may click directly print or
save as shown in Figure 18.
Figure 18: Summary for calculation
4. Conclusion
In conclusion, this programme was created to help students understand more about the rectangular
beam design procedure to evaluate the singly or doubly reinforced beam with reinforcement and all
other required checks. Generally speaking, students are aware of this complex calculation procedure
and it will surely lower the student’s interaction with this subject. Thus, with the existence of Visual
Basic Application (VBA) which indirectly helps students to become more attracted to this topic and
make it fun to study this complex calculation. It therefore requires the user to input the data and it will
calculate automatically from the data input according to the formula already specified and the output of
the date will appear in VBA’s user form.
Use graph functions to create the
maximum bending moment
diagram
By using graph functions to create a
section of beam
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47
Acknowledgement
All authors would like to thank Centre for Diploma Studies, University Tun Hussein Onn
Malaysia (UTHM) for its support.
References
[1] F. U. Rahman, "Civil Engineering Subjects - details and importance for Civil Engineer," 2019.
[Online]. Available: https://theconstructor.org/career-guide-jobs/civil-engineering-subjects-
details/17081/.
[2] M. Education, Ministry of Education., Blueprint.
[3] A. Desai, "Animation in Education," 2018. [Online]. Available:
https://www.cgpundit.com/animation-in-education/.
[4] R. H. B. Jack C. McCormac, Design of Reinforced Concrete, United States: VP Executive
publisher, 2014.
[5] D. B. Kenneth M. Leet, Reinforced Concrete Design, The MGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 1995.
[6] B. Mosley, Reinforced concrete Design : To eurocode 2, 7th editiom, New York: Palgave
Macmillan, 2012.
[7] T. S. Bill Jelen, VBA and MACROS for Microsoft Excel 2007, America: The safari, 2007.
[8] R. W. Larson, Engineerng with Excel, Boston: Pearson, 2013.
[9] S. M.A, A Study on the Influence of Ground Water Level on Foundation Settlement in, USA,
2015.