254© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020V. Marko, From Aspirin to Viagra, Springer Praxis Books,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44286-6

The following list contains only some of the sources used when writing this book. These were main sources, and they can be a useful reference for further informa-tion about the subjects.

Chapter 1. ASPIRIN

Jeffreys D. (2005)Aspirin; The Remarkable Story of a Wonder Drug. Bloomsbury Publ. Plc, London, ISBN 9781582346007

Mann C.C., Plummer M.L. (1991)The Aspirin Wars; Money, Medicine, and 100 Years of Rampant Competition. Harvard Business School Press, Boston, ISBN 9780394578941

Stone E. (1763)An Account of the Success of the Bark of the Willow in the Cure of Agues. In a Letter to the Right Honourable George Earl of Macclesfield, President of R. S. from the Rev. Mr. Edmund Stone, of Chipping-Norton in Oxfordshire. Philosophical Transactions (1683−1775), 53: 195−200, http://rstl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/53/195

Sneader W. (2000)The Discovery of Aspirin: A Reappraisal. BMJ, Dec. 23, 321/726: 1591−1594

Vaupel E. (2005)Arthur Eichengrün – Tribute to a Forgotten Chemist, Entrepreneur and German Jew. Angew Chem Int Ed, 44: 3344−3355

Selected Bibliography

Selected Bibliography 255

Rinsema T.J. (1999)100 Years of Aspirin. Medical History, 43, 502−507

Cook E.W. (2014)Legendary Members: Hugo Schweitzer; The Chemist Club, October 2014, http://www.thechemistsclub.com/legendary-members-hugo-schweitzer/

Raschig F. (1918)Hugo Schweitzer. Angew. Chem., 97: Aufsatzteil, 89−92

Ambruster H.W. (1947)Treason’s peace; German dyes & American dupes. The Beecham Press, New York https://archive.org/stream/treasonspeaceger00ambrrich/treasonspeaceger00ambr-rich_djvu.txt.

Smith R.G., Barrie A. (1976)Aspro – How Family Business Grew Up. Nicholas International Ltd., Melbourne, ISBN 9780903716062

Miner J., Hoffhines A. (2007)The Discovery of Aspirin's Antithrombotic Effects. Tex Heart Inst J. 34 (2): 179–186 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1894700/

Souter K. (2011)An Aspirin a Day; The Wonder Drug That Could Save Your Life, Michael O´Mara Books Ltd., London, ISBN 9781843176329.

Chapter 2. QUININE

Malaria Site, http://www.malariasite.com/

Rocco F. (2003)Quinine; Malaria and the Quest for a  Cure that Changed the World. Harper Collins Publishers, New York, ISBN 9780060959005

Products of the Empire; Cinchona: A Short History. Cambridge University Library, http://www.lib.cam.ac.uk/deptserv/rcs/cinchona.html.

Sneader W. (2005)Drug Discovery. A  History. John Willey & Sons Ltd, Chichester, ISBN 9780471899792

256 Selected Bibliography

Keeble K.W. (1997)

A cure for the ague: the contribution of Robert Talbor (1642-81), J R Soc Med 90(5): 285–290

Siegel R.E., Poynter F.N.L. (1962)

Robert Talbor, Charles II, and Cinchona. A Contemporary Document. Med Hist 6 (1): 82–85

Pai-Dhungat J.V. (2015)

Caventou, Pelletier & History of Quinine. J Assoc Phys India 63 (3): 58

Wisniak J. (2013)

Chemistry of Resinous Gums, Dyes, Alkaloids, and Active Principles  – Contributions of Pelletier and Others in the Nineteenth Century. Indian J Hist Science 48(2): 239−278

Andrews B.G.

Ledger, Charles (1818–1905). Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, http://adb.anu.edu.au/biog-raphy/ledger-charles-4004/text6339

De Kruif P. (1996)

Microbe Hunters. Harvest Book, Harcourt, Inc., New York, ISBN 9780156027779

Ragunathan V., Prasad V. (2015)

Beyond the Call of Duty. Harper Collins Publishers India. ISBN 9789351172644

Chapter 3. VITAMIN C

Carpenter K.J. (1986)The History of Scurvy & Vitamin C. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, ISBN 9780521347730

Brown S.A. (2003)Scurvy. Thomas Dunn Books, New York, Kindley Edition, 2012

Selected Bibliography 257

Scurvy. (1956) The Naval Revue 26(2): 156-172

Dunn P.M. (1997)James Lind (1716-94) of Edinburgh and the treatment of scurvy. Arch Dis Childhood 76: F64–F65 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1720613/pdf/v076p00F64.pdf

Bartholomew M. (2002)James Lind and scurvy: A revaluation. Journal for Maritime Research 4(1): 1−14 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/21533369.2002.9668317

Leach R.D. (1980)Sir Gilbert Blane, Bart, MD FRS (1749-1832). Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 62: 232−239

Johnsom B.C. (1954)Axel Holst. J Nutr 53: 1−16 http://jn.nutrition.org/content/53/1/1.full.pdf+html

Holst A., Frölich T. (1907)Experimental Studies Relating to Ship-beri-beri and Scurvy. J Hygiene 7(6): 634−671 http://jn.nutrition.org/content/53/1/1.full.pdf+html

Nobelprize.org (1965)Albert Szent-Györgyi. Nobel Lectures, Physiology or Medicine, 1922−1941. Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1937/szent-gyorgyi-bio.html

Sterkowicz S. (2007)Pamieci Profesora Tadeusza Reichsteina (in Polish). Pismo Pomorsko- Kujawskiej Izby Lekarskiej; Okręgowa Rada Lekarska w Toruniu, Meritum, 4 http://www.oil.org.pl/xml/oil/oil67/gazeta/numery/n2007/n200704/n20070405

Chapter 4. INSULIN

Tattersal R. (2009)Diabetes, The Biography. Oxford University Press, Oxford, Kindle Edition

Zajac J. et al (2010)The Main Events in the History of Diabetes Mellitus. in Poretsky L (ed) Principles of Diabetes Mellitus. Springer Science+Business Media, http://friedmanfellows.com/assets/pdfs/elibrary/Principles%20of%20Diabetes%20Mellitus%20-%20Ch1Final.pdf

258 Selected Bibliography

Bliss M. (2007)The Discovery of Insulin. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, ISBN 9780226058993

Von Englerhard D. (ed) (1989)Diabetes, Its Medical and Cultural History. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, Berlin, ISBN 9786342483646

Barnett D.M., Krall L.P. (2005)The History of Diabetes in Kanh C.R. et al (eds) Joslin´s Diabetes Mellitus, XIVth Edition. Lippinkott Williams & Wilkins, ISBN 0781727960

MacFarlane I.A.Matthew Dobson of Liverpool (1735−1784) and the history of diabetes. Practical Diabetes 7(6): 246−248

Barnett D.M. (1998)Elliott P. Joslin MD: A Centennial portrait. Joslin Diabetes Center Boston

Mazur A. (2011)Why were "starvation diets" promoted for diabetes in the pre-insulin period? Nutr J 10: 23

Aminoff F.J. (2011)Brown-Séquard, An Improbable Genius Who Transformed Medicine. Oxford University Press, New York, ISBN 9780199742639

Kahn A.Regaining Lost Youth: The Controversial and Colorful Beginnings of Hormone Replacement Therapy in Aging. Journals of Gerontology, Series A 60(2): 142−147

Bankston J. (2002)Frederick Banting and the Discovery of Insulin. Mitchell Lane Publishers, Bear, ISBN 9781584150947

Ferry G. (2014)Dorothy Hodgkin, A Life. Bloomsbury Reader, London, Kindle Edition

Tabish S.A. (2007)Is Diabetes Becoming the Biggest Epidemic of the Twenty-first Century?. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 1(2): V−VIII

Selected Bibliography 259

Chapter 5. PENICILLIN

Bud R. (2007)Penicillin, Triumph and Tragedy. Oxford University Press, Oxford, ISBN 9780199254064

Bäumler E. (1984)Paul Ehrlich, Scientist for Life. Holems & Meier Publishers Ltd., London, ISBN 9780841908376

De Kruif P. (1996)Microbe Hunters. Harvest Book, Harcourt, Inc., New York. ISBN 9780156594134

Lesch J.E. (2007)The First Miracle Drugs, How the Sulfa Drugs Transformed Medicine. Oxford University Press, Oxford, ISBN 9780195187755

Brown K. (2013)Penicillin Man: Alexander Fleming and the Antibiotic Revolution. The History Press, Stroud, Kindle Edition

Meyers M.A. (2007)Happy Accidents: Serendipity in Modern Medical Breakthroughs. Arcade Publishing, New York, Kindle Edition

Bickel L. (2015)Florey: The Man Who Made Penicillin. Bloomsbury Publishing, London, Kindle Edition

Tucker A. (2006)E.S.  Anderson. The Guardian, March 22, http://www.theguardian.com/soci-ety/2006/mar/22/health.science

Jones J.H. (1993)Bad Blood. The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment. The Free Press, New York, ISBN 9780029166765.

Ackermann J. (2003)Obituary: John Charles Cutler / Pioneer in preventing sexual diseases. Post Gazette, February 12.

260 Selected Bibliography

Vaz M. (2014)Ethical blind spots: John Cutler’s role in India and Tuskegee. Indian Journal of Medical Ethics 11(3) http://www.issuesinmedicalethics.org/index.php/ijme/arti-cle/view/2100/4526.

Chapter 6. THE PILL

Jütte R. (2008)Contraception, A History. Polity Press, Cambridge, ISBN 9780745632711

Eig J. (2016)The Birth of the Pill: How Four Pioneers Reinvented Sex and Launched a Revolution. Pan Macmillan, London, Kindle EditionMorris D. (1970)

The Naked Ape (Slovak Edition). Smena Bratislava

Abbot K. (2012)Madame Restell: The Abortionist of Fifth Avenue. Smithsonian.com, November 27, http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/madame-restell-the-abortionist-of- fifth-avenue-145109198/?no-ist

Baker J.H. (2011)Margaret Sanger, A  Life of Passion. Hill and Wang, New  York, ISBN 9780809067572.

People & Events: Gregory Pincus (1903−1967), The Pill, American Experience. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/pill/peopleevents/p_pincus.html

Dr. Pincus, Developer of Birth-Control Pill, Dies, Obituary. The New York Times, 1967, August 23, http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0409.html.

Berger J. (1984)John Rock, Developer of the Pill and Authority on Fertility Dies. The New York Times, December 5, http://www.nytimes.com/1984/12/05/obituaries/john-rock- developer-of-the-pill-and-authority-on-fertility-dies.html.

The “Marker Degradation” and Creation of the Mexican Steroid Hormone Industry 1938−1945. American Chemical Society, Sociedad Quimica de Mexico, 1999, https://www.acs.org/content/dam/acsorg/education/whatischemistry/

Selected Bibliography 261

landmarks/progesteronesynthesis/marker-degradation-creation-of-the-mexican-steroid- industry-by-russell-marker-commemorative-booklet.pdf

Cohen G.S. (2002)Mexico’s Pill Pioneer. Perspectives in Health Magazine 7(1), http://www1.paho.org/English/DPI/Number13_article4_6.htm

Recollections of Life at and after Syntex, George Rosenkranz and Alejandro Zaffaroni take stock of their careers at Syntex Corporation. Chemical Heritage, 2005, 23(2), https://issuu.com/chemheritage/docs/syntex_rosenkranz-zaffaroni/0

Wood G. (2007)Father of the Pill. The Guardian April 15, https://www.theguardian.com/lifeand-style/2007/apr/15/healthandwellbeing.features1

Chapter 7. CHLORPROMAZINE

Shorter E. (1997)A History of Psychiatry: From the Era of the Asylum to the Age of Prozac. John Wiley & Sons, New York, Kindle Edition

Ban T.A. (2007)Fifty Years Chlorpromazine: a Historical Perspective. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 4(3): 495–500

Rosenbloom M. (2002)Chlorpromazine and the Psychopharmacologic Revolution. JAMA 287(14):1860-1861

Fee E., Brown T.M. (2006)Freeing the Insane, Am. J. Public Health 96(10): 1743

Chiang H.An early hope of Psychopharmacology. Bromide treatment in the Turn-of-the- twentieth-century Psychiatry. Historia Medicinae 1(1), Princeton University, Princeton, http://www.medicinae.org/e06

Shorter E. (2009)Sakel Versus Meduna, Different Strokes, Different Styles of Scientific Discovery. J ECT 25(1): 12–14

262 Selected Bibliography

Sabbatini R.M.E.The History of Shock Therapy in Psychiatry. Brain & Mind, http://www.cerebro-mente.org.br/n04/historia/shock_i.htm

Healy D., Shorter E. (2007)Shock Therapy: A History of Electroconvulsive Treatment in Mental Illness. Rutgers University Press, London, ISBN 9780813554259

Ugo Cerletti 1877–1963. Am. J. Psychiatry, 1999, 156: 630

Jansson B.Controversial Psychosurgery Resulted in a Nobel Prize. Nobelprize.org. http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1949/moniz-article.htm

Moncrieff J. (2013)The Bitterest Pills: The Troubling Story of Antipsychotic Drugs. Palgrave Macmillan, New York, ISBN 978113727428

Healy D. (1980)Pioneers in Psychopharmacology. Inter J Neuropsychopharmacol 1: 191−194

Healy D. (2002)The Creation of Psychopharmacology Harvard University Press, London, ISBN 9780674015999

Dongier M. (1999)Heinz E. Lehmann, 1911-1999. J Psychiatry Neurosci 24(4): 362

Bourg J. (2007)From Revolution to Ethics: May 1968 and Contemporary French Thought. McGill Queens University Press, ISBN 9780773531994

CHAPTER 8. PROZAC

Shorter E. (1997)A History of Psychiatry: From the Era of the Asylum to the Age of Prozac. John Wiley & Sons, New York, Kindle Edition

Healy D. (2003)The Antidepressant Era, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Fourth Printing, ISBN 9780674039582

Selected Bibliography 263

Wurtzer E. (1994)Prozac Nation, Young and Depressed in America. Riverhead Books, New York, ISBN 9780704302488

Cahn C. (2006)Roland Kuhn, 1912−2005. Neuropsychopharmacology 31: 1096

Hinterhuber H. (2005)Laudatio auf Roland Kuhn. Schweizer Archiv Neurologie Psychiatrie 5:156

Platt M. (2012)Storming the Gates of Bedlam, How Dr. Nathan Kline Transformed the Treatment of Mental Ilness. DePew Publishing, Dumond, ISBN 9780985730109.

Healy D. (1966)The Psychopharmacologists, Chapman & Hall, London, ISBN 1860366084

Costa E., Karczmar G.A., Vessel S.E. (1989)Berhard B. Brodie and the Rise of Chemical Pharmacology. Annual Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 29: 1−22

The Julius Axelrod Papers. Profiles in Science, US National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, USA, https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/HH/p-nid/9.

Arvid Carlsson, Biographical. Nobel Prizes and Laureates, Medicine, 2000 http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2000/carlsson-bio.html.

Healy D. (2004)Let Them Eat Prozac, The Unhealthy Relationship Between Pharmaceutical Industry and Depression. New  York University Press, New  York, ISBN 9780814736975

David WongDrug Discovery @ Nature.com http://www.nature.com/drugdisc/nj/articles/nrd1811.html

Kramer P.D. (1993)Listening to Prozac. Penguin Books, New York, ISBN 9780140266719

Mukherjee S. (2012)Post-Prozac Nation. New York Times Magazine, April 19

264 Selected Bibliography

Vann M. (2013)Are We Still a Prozac Nation? Everyday Health 8(13), http://www.everydayhealth.com/depression/are-we-still-a-prozac-nation.aspx

Chapter 9. VIAGRA

Friedman D.M. (2001)A Mind of Its Own: A Cultural History of the Penis. Free Press, New York, Kindle Edition

McLaren A. (2007)Impotence: A Cultural History. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Kindle Edition

Loe M. (2004)The Rise of Viagra: How the Little Blue Pill Changed Sex in America. NYU Press, New York, Kindle Edition

De Kruif P. (1996)Microbe Hunters. Harvest Book, Harcourt, Inc. New York, ISBN 9780156594134.

Grundhauser E. (2015)The True Story of Dr. Voronoff’s Plan to Use Monkey Testicles to Make Us Immortal. Atlas Obscura, October 13, http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/the-true-story-of-dr-voronoffs-plan-to-use-monkey-testicles-to-make-us- immortal

Schultheiss D., Engel R.M.G. (2003)Frank Lydston (1858–1923) revisited: androgen therapy by testicular implanta-tion in the early twentieth century. World J Urol 21: 356–363

Brock P. (2008)Charlatan. America’s Most Dangerous Huckster, the Man Who Pursued Him, and the Age of Flimflam Three Rivers Press, New York, Kindle Edition

Klotz L. (2005)How (not) to communicate new scientific information: a memoir of the famous Brindley lecture. BJU International 96(7): 956-957

Selected Bibliography 265

Goldstein I. (2012)The Hour Lecture That Changed Sexual Medicine − The Giles Brindley Injection Story. J Sex Med 9: 337-342

Rogers F.Sex and Food: The World’s Strangest Aphrodisiacs Through Time. Alternet http://www.a l te rne t .o rg / s to ry /154141/sex_and_food%3A_the_wor ld ' s_ strangest_aphrodisiacs_through_time

Osterloh I. (2015)How I discovered Viagra. Cosmos April 27, https://cosmosmagazine.com/biol-ogy/how-i-discovered-viagra

Leigh M., Lepine M., Joliffe G. (1998)The Big Viagra Joke Book. Metro Books, London, ISBN 1900512645

Chapter 10. VACCINES

Dobson M. (2009)Disease (Slovak Edition). Slovart, Bratislava, ISBN 9788080858612

Lady Mary Wortley Montagu. The Montagu Millennium. http://www.montaguemi-llennium.com/familyresearch/h_1762_mary.htm

Pead P.J. (2003)Benjamin Jesty: new light in the dawn of vaccination. Lancet 362: 2104–09

Riedel S. (2005)Edward Jenner and the history of smallpox and vaccination. Proc. (Bayl. Univ. Med. Cent.) 18(1): 21−25

Belongia E.A., Naleway A.L. (2003)Smallpox Vaccine: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly. Clin Med Res Apr, 1(2): 87–92.

Franco-Paredes C., Lammoglia L., Santos-Preciado J.I. (2005)The Spanish Royal Philanthropic Expedition to Bring Smallpox Vaccination to the New World and Asia in the 19th Century. Clin Infect Dis 41(9):1285−1289

Lombard M., Pastoret P-P., Moulin A-M. (2007)A brief history of vaccines and vaccination Rev Sci Tech Off Int Epiz 26(1): 29−48

266 Selected Bibliography

De Kruif P. (1996)Microbe Hunters. Harvest Book, Harcourt, Inc., New York, ISBN 9780156594134.

Brown K. (2013)Penicillin Man: Alexander Fleming and the Antibiotic Revolution. The History Press, Stroud, Kindle Edition

Colebrook L. (1983)Almroth Wright – Pioneer in Immunology. Brit Med J Sept. 19: 635-640

Szybalski W. (2003)The genius of Rudolf Stefan Weigl (1883-1957), a Lvovian microbe hunter and breeder. In Memoriam, in Stoika R. et al (eds) International Weigl Conference (Microorganisms in Pathogenesis and their Drug Resistance), Sept 11−14

Henderson D.A. (2009)Smallpox: The Death of a Disease: The Inside Story of Eradicating a Worldwide Killer. Prometheus Books, New York, Kindle Edition

Langer E. (2016)D.A.  Henderson, ‘disease detective’ who eradicated smallpox, dies at 87. The Washington Post, August 20

Wakefield A.J. et al (1998)Retracted: Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and perva-sive developmental disorder in children, Lancet 351(9103): 637–641

Elliman D.A.C., Bedford H.E. (2001)MMR vaccine—worries are not justified. Arch Dis Child 85: 271–274

Miller E. (2001)MMR vaccine—worries are not justified, Commentary. Arch Dis Child 85: 271–274

267© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020V. Marko, From Aspirin to Viagra, Springer Praxis Books,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44286-6

AAcacia, 201Académie des Sciences, 32Académie Royale de Médecine, 32Acetaminophene, 21, 173, 174Acetobacter suboxydans, 62Acetylation, 7, 8, 13Acetylcholine, 172Acetylsalicylic acid, 1, 7, 9, 10, 13, 16, 20, 99Age of Sail, 43–45, 51Agoraphobia, 180Albert, A., 108Albert, H., 15, 16Albertina, 146Alexander III, 223Algarotti, F., 220Alien Property Custodian (APC), 11, 16Alkaloids, 31–33, 152, 157Alka-Seltzer, 12Allen, F.M., 72–74, 82, 84Alpacas, 34–37Alzheimer dementia, 23American Academy of Pediatrics, 248American Birth Control Federation, 129American Birth Control League, 126, 128American Civil War, 54, 224American Revolutionary War, 48, 219, 227American Urological Association, 204Anacin, 12, 20Anaesthetics, 158Anderson, E.S., 113Animalcules, 184, 187Anopheles, 25, 40Anopheles gambiae, 40

Anson, G., 43–48, 50Anthrax, 231–233, 236, 251Antibiotics, 100, 111–114, 120, 161, 249Antidepressants, 164, 167–172, 176–181Aphrodisiacs, 188, 202Aphrodite, 185Aretaeus of Cappadocia, 66Arsenic, 71, 95Arthritis, 23, 90Ascorbic acid, 55, 60–63Aspergum, 22Aspirin, 1–24, 99, 101, 148, 167, 173Aspro, 12, 18–21Assyrian Empire, 202Atabrine, 173, 174Atropa belladonna, 157Atropine, 152, 157Autism, 246–250Avitaminosis, 55, 56Axelrod, J., 172–174Aztecs, 225, 226

BBacteriology, 38, 56, 98, 102, 103, 230Badische Anilin und Sodafabrik (BASF), 12,

14, 97Bado, S., 28Balmis expedition, 227Balmis, F.J. de, 228, 229Balsam of Peru, 49Banting, F.G., 79, 80, 82, 84, 90Barbados, 68–71Barbasco, 140, 143

Index

268 Index

Barbe, M.-L., 189Barbital, 153Barbiturates, 152, 153, 157, 168Barbituric acid, 153Battle of Sole Bay, 29Battle of Trafalgar, 48, 51, 52, 54, 101Bayer, 5, 6, 9–17, 20, 21, 97Bayer, F., 5–9, 13–17Behring, E. von, 94Bell, A., 225Benzodiazepines, 168Beri-beri, 56Berlin, 7, 58, 94, 106, 130, 153, 234Bermudas, 110Bernal, J.D., 86, 87Bernard, C., 75Best, C.H., 82–84, 87, 90Bile

black, 50yellow, 50

Bini, L., 155Biologischen Versuchsanstalt der Akademie der

Wissenschaften, 192Birth Control Clinical Research

Bureau, 128Birth Control Review, 128Bishop´s wort, 48Black Death, 101Black head, 107, 139–142Blair, T., 247Blane, G., 52–54Bloodletting, 2, 29, 70,

122, 217Bloxam, R.B., 38Bogotá, 229Böhringer, R., 169Bolivia, 35–37, 229Boots, 109Bosch, H., 149Boston, 74, 136, 139, 219, 227Bostwick, E., 189Botticelli, S., 127Brazil, 243Brindley, G., 204–206, 208Brinkley Institute of Health, 197Brinkley, J.R., 193–195Bristol, 100, 110Brodie, B.B., 172–174Bromides, 71, 152, 157Brown-Séguard, C.É., 189Brown-Séguard syndrome, 76, 78Brufen, 22Bufferin, 20Buxton, 80

CCabeza de negro, 139–141, 145Cabral, P.A., 48Cafiaspirina, 12, 17Cairo, 58, 85, 86, 189Calaspirin, 12Calcutta, 244Cambridge University, 58, 86Camphor, 154, 157Cannabis, 157Cape Horn, 44, 46, 47Cape of Good Hope, 48Caracas, 228Carbohydrates, 68, 70, 80Cardiazol, 154Carlsson, A., 172–174Cartier, J., 48Cascarilleros, 35–37Castii Connubii, 137Castoreum, 4Catherine the Great, 219Caventou, J.B., 31–35Ceausescu, E., 89Centurion, 44–47Cerletti, U., 155, 156, 175Chain, E.B., 106, 111Chandler, H., 198Charaka, 67Charles II of England, 29Charles II of Spain, 30Charles IV, 227–229Cheirokmeta, 64Chemical Exchange Association, 15Chicago, 10, 78, 110, 195, 198Chinchón, 26–28Chipping Norton, 2, 4, 5Chloral hydrate, 152, 157Chlorophyll, 32Chlorpromazine, 147–166, 168, 169, 175Christ´s thorn, 201Churchill, W., 100Cinchona, 2, 27, 31–37Cinchona bark, 2, 27–29, 42Cinchona Ledgariana, 37Cinchonine, 33Clark University, 131Clematis, 202Clinic of Mental Illnesses and the Brain (Clinique

des Maladies Mentales et de l’Encéphale), 159

Clinton, B., 117, 119, 209Clinton, H., 119, 129Cochabamba, 229Cochrane Library, 248, 250

Index 269

Collagen, 55Collip, J.B., 84, 85, 90Comroe, J.H. Jr., 211Comstock, A., 125, 127Comstock Law, 125–127, 129Condensite, 13Condoms, 128, 136, 146, 207Congo, 245Conjunctivitis, 105Constantinople, 215, 220Contraception, 121, 127, 129–135, 138, 139, 146Coolidge, C., 98Copiapo, 35Cordoba, 139, 140Coriander, 202, 303Cortés, H., 225, 226Corticosteroids, 62Cortisone, 62, 145Couples therapy, 204Cousteau, J., 160Cowpox, 220–223, 227–229, 231Craven, L.L., 22, 23Crohn’s disease, 246–248, 250Cromwell, O., 29Crowfoot Hodgkin, D., 85, 88–90Crowfoot, J.W., 85, 86Crystallography, 87–89Cuba, 142, 229Curare, 32Cutler, J.C., 115, 118, 119Cyprian reed, 202

DDarvel, 101Darwin, C., 77, 85Davies, G., 18–21da Vinci, L., 186, 187, 207Dawson, S., 67Deadly nightshade, 157Deer, B., 248, 249Delft, 183–187Deniker, P., 160, 162, 164, 169Depression, 40, 55, 156, 162, 163, 167, 169–172,

175–181Descartes, R., 183Desmond, M., 121Diabetes, 23, 64, 66–69, 71–75, 80–84, 90, 91,

194, 248, 250Diaphragms, 129, 135Diarrhea, 54, 94, 101Dickonson, P., 66, 67Diet, 49, 50, 52–54, 56, 68–74, 112Diethylene glycol, 100

Dimsdale, T., 219Dionysus, 185, 188Dioscorea mexicana, 140, 141Diosgenin, 140, 141, 143, 145Diphtheria, 94, 213, 226, 251Disprin, 20, 21Diuretics, 122Djerassi, C., 143–146Dobson, M., 65–69Domagk, G.J.P., 97–99, 101, 151, 251Donkin, A.S., 70Dopamine, 172–174Dorset County Museum, 225Doyle, A.C., 92Dreser, H., 6–9Duarte, E.M., 18Dudley Castle, 136Duisberg, C., 9–14Duran Duran, 2Dürer, A., 149Dye industry, 1, 5, 12, 97Dysentery, 45, 54, 100

EEbers papyrus, 3, 25, 45, 66Edinburgh, 49, 52, 53, 66, 68Edison, T.A., 13–16, 131Eggs, 66, 70, 112, 130–133, 137, 145, 239Eguía, F., 225, 226Ehrlich, P., 92–98, 101, 116, 151, 234, 251Eichengrün, A., 6–9Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, 61, 142Einstein, A., 107Electroconvulsive therapy, 155, 159, 175, 180Electron microscopy, 113Eli Lilly, 176–178Elixir of life

of youth, 64Ellis, H.H., 127, 128Encephalitis, 251Endocrinology, 76, 78, 134Enemas, 122Enriquez de Rivera, F., 26Epidemics, 27, 77, 91, 101, 114, 151, 213, 214,

216, 218–221, 224, 226, 227, 231, 232, 235, 237–242, 244, 248, 250, 252

Epilepsy, 154Eradication, 43, 242, 243, 245Erectile dysfunction, 182, 201, 204, 208–212Erection, 186–188, 201, 203–211Ethyl Corporation, 141Eugenics, 129Eutonology, 158

270 Index

FFermentation, 109, 110Ferran i Clua, J., 231Fever, 1–5, 12, 22–28, 31, 41, 66, 98, 101, 114,

123, 145, 213, 215, 216, 223, 234, 235, 248, 250–252

Fibrillation, 23Filipendula ulmaria, 3Fishbein, M., 200FitzRoy, C.A., 34, 35Fleming, A., 92, 101–107, 109, 111, 119, 120,

151, 236, 251Florey, H.W., 106–109, 111Fluoxetine, 167, 172, 177, 181Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 135, 139,

177, 209, 211Franco-Prussian War, 224Frankfurt, 70, 94–96Freud, S., 162, 163, 176, 192Fuchsin, 94

GGalen, 3, 26, 31, 46, 67Galilei, G., 183Gama, V. de, 45, 48Gangrene, 101, 103Garlic, 49, 202Gastroenteritis, 114Gastroenterology, 246–250Geigy, 169Genesis, 135, 186Georg I, 217Georg II, 44Georg III, 51, 219Georg IV, 52Gerhardt, C.F., 7Gin, 42, 109, 122, 193Glaxo, 109Gloucester, 46, 222Glucose, 87, 153Glycogen, 75Glycosuria, 72Goats, 189, 190, 196–202, 204, 232Goeppert Mayer, M., 85Goldenrod, 2Gonorrhea, 118Grassi, G.B., 37, 40–42Great Britain, 10, 11, 13, 16, 19–22, 47, 52, 86,

98, 109–111, 114, 179, 223, 247, 248Gregory IV, 27Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Sapêtrière, 150Guatemala, 115, 118, 119, 137Guatemala syphilis experiment, 118Guinea pigs, 54–57, 77, 108, 119, 188, 233

HHarvard University, 77, 130, 136, 138Heard attack, 24Heatley, N.G., 106–109, 111Helsinki Declaration, 116Henderson Act, 116Hendon, E., 117Heroin, 8, 9Hervey, J., 220Hexuronic acid, 59, 60Heyden, C.F. von, 10Higgins, M.L., 126Hillary, E., 24Hilleman, M.R., 247Hippocrates, 3, 26, 31, 45, 50Hitler, A., 12, 99, 106Ho Chi Minh, 89Hodgkin, T.L., 88Hoffmann, F., 6–10Holland-Rantos Company,

128, 129Holst, A., 55–57, 108Homers, 26Hopkins, F.G., 58Hormones, 62, 76, 81, 90, 130, 132–134, 137,

140–143, 145, 192Hornet juice, 79Hughes, C.E., 74Hughes, E., 73, 74, 85, 90Humanae Vitae, 139Huns, 216Hunt, M., 110Hydrochloric acid, 33Hyperglycemia, 66Hypnotics, 153, 157, 158Hypoglycemic coma, 153

IIbuprofen, 22IG Farben, 12, 97, 98Illinois, 110, 191, 198Immunity, 193, 214, 218, 219, 222, 228–232, 248Immunization, 94, 214, 219, 231, 247,

248, 251Imperial Patent Office, 7Implantation of ovaries

penis, 191, 203testicles, 191, 197

Impotence, 182, 185, 201–206, 208Inca Empire, 226India, 10, 23, 25, 27, 35, 38–40, 42, 48, 67, 68, 72,

76, 118, 216, 226, 236, 243, 244Indira Gandhi, 244Indochina, 158

Index 271

Indonesia, 35, 243Infections, 54, 83, 98–103, 108, 111, 113, 114,

116, 118, 120, 214, 219, 221–224, 231, 242, 248, 250

Inflammation, 70, 111Innocent X, 28Inoculation, 102, 214, 218–221, 227, 236, 237Institut fur Fleckfieber und Virusforschung, 240Institut für Infektionskrankheiten, 94Institut für Serumforschung and Serumprüfung, 94Insulin, 64–91, 148, 153, 154, 157, 177, 188International Planned Parenthood Federation, 129Inuit, 55, 70Iproniazid, 170, 171Iraq, 242Iris, 2Island of Saint Helena, 48Istanbul, 215, 218

JJacobea vulgaris, 188Jacques-Etiénne Montgolfiérs, 222Japan, 25, 64, 129, 152, 200, 217, 219Jaundice, 2Jenkins, R., 47Jenner, E.A., 222–224, 227, 229–231, 241Jesty, B., 221–225, 230, 231, 251Jesuit’s bark, 26–29Jesuit’s Powder, 28–30Johnson, S., 65Joliot-Curie, I., 85Jones, M.T., 195Joseph-Michel Montgolfiérs, 222Joslin Clinic, 74Joslin, E.P., 72–74Juniper, 122, 123

KKansas First Kansas Best (KFKB), 199, 200Kennedy, J.F., 176Kepler, J., 183Khan, H., 40Khartoum, 86Khruschev, N.S., 89Kidneys, 60, 68, 70, 75, 78, 207Klaesi, J., 153, 168Klee, P., 146Kline, N.S., 168, 170, 171Klotz, L., 205Koch, R., 94, 151, 192, 230, 232–234, 251Königlich Preußisches Institut für Experimentelle

Therapie, 94Kosovo, 242

Kramer, P.D., 178Kuhn, R., 168–170

LLaborit, H., 157–160La Coruña, 228Lancaster VI, J., 48The Lancet, 246, 247, 249Largactil, 164Lasker Prize, 171Las Vegas, 201, 204, 206Laveran, C.L.A., 39, 42Laxatives, 2, 55Lederer, O., 203Ledger, C., 34–37, 73Ledger’s tonic, 37Leeuwenhoek, A. van, 183, 184, 187Lehmann, H.E., 163–165, 169Leibniz, W., 183Lemon juice, 48, 50, 52Leno, J., 21, 22, 212Leopold Cassella and Co., 12Leopold Wilhelm of Austria, 28Lesseps, F. de, 189Leucotomy, 156Leukemia, 60, 94, 248, 250Leverkusen, 11, 12, 21, 24Lewinsky, M., 209L’hôpital Bicêtre, 150Lima, 229Lind, J., 49–51, 53, 54Linnaeus, C., 27Liverpool, 66, 68, 173Lobotomy, 156, 157, 165, 176Lohman, A., 123, 125Lohman, C., 123, 125Los Angeles, 198Lotto, L., 202Louis XIV, 30Louis XV, 217, 227Louse, 238–240Lugo y Quiroga, J. de, 28Lundholm, N., 146Lungwort, 2Lvov, 238–241Lydston, G.F., 191–193, 197Lysozyme, 103, 104

MMaali, A.M., 241, 245MacElhone, H., 191Macleod, J.J.R., 81–85, 90Macleod, N., 152

272 Index

Macon County, 115Madame Restell, 122–125Magic bullet, 92–97, 116Malaria, 2, 25–31, 33, 37–42, 45, 101, 242, 251Malarial fever, 31Mallow, 123Malthus, T., 127Mamani, M.I., 36Manchester, 66Mania, 150, 152, 156, 159Manila, 229Manson, P., 39, 40, 42Mao Zedong, 89Mare Imbrium, 33Maria Luisa of Parma, 227Marker, R.E., 140–143, 145Marsilid, 171Marx, K., 76Mastitis, 111, 113Mauritius, 75–77, 188Mauveine, 5, 34Maximilian Joseph III, 227McCormick, K., 132, 140, 146Meadowsweet, 3, 4Measles, 214, 226, 246–248, 251, 252Medicalization, 208Medicines, 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 22, 23, 29, 30, 32, 33, 39,

43, 50, 52, 53, 57, 60, 62, 63, 65, 66, 71, 74, 76–80, 83, 85, 88, 90, 91, 93, 96, 99–102, 106, 111, 112, 114, 120, 133, 136, 138, 147, 150, 157, 160, 163, 175, 177–179, 188, 189, 193–196, 198, 199, 205–210, 213, 218, 222, 223, 228, 230, 235, 236, 239, 246, 248, 251–253

Medinal, 153Meduna, L. von, 154Meister, J., 232Melman, A., 211Meningitis, 101, 251Mensinga, W.P.J., 135Mental disorders, 147–153, 155–157, 161, 162,

168, 172, 174, 179, 197Meprobamate, 168Meredith, C., 69, 70, 72Methylene blue, 95Metrazol, 154Mexican Chemical Society, 142Mexico, 44, 101, 114, 139–146, 200, 213, 225,

228, 229Mice, 57, 95, 96, 98, 99, 108, 111, 233Michelangelo, 186Microscope, 39, 40, 80, 87, 93–95, 183, 184, 240Middlebrook, D., 146Middlesbrough, 114

Migraines, 1, 23Milford, 196–200Milk, 54, 69, 70, 109, 112, 113, 122, 202,

220–222Miller, F., 191Mingus, S.T., 194Minkowski, O., 75, 76Mint, 3, 235Mitchell, E., 48MMR vaccine, 246–250Molloy, B., 176, 177Moniz, E., 156Monkey, 190–193, 233Monkey glands, 190–193Montagu, E.W., 215, 217, 218Montagu, M.W., 215, 217, 218, 220, 231,

241, 251Moreno, A., 139, 141Morphine, 8, 32, 152, 153, 157Morriston, 210Mosquito, 25, 37, 39–41, 242Moyet, A., 2Mumps, 246–248, 251Murphy Law, 47–51Müsterlingen, 168Muzza, L., 242Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 233

NNapoleon, 32, 51, 223, 237, 238Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research,

170National Academy of Sciences, 248National Association for Advancement of Colored

People, 117National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), 147National Medical Association, 117Nelms, S., 222Nelson, H., 51, 52, 54, 101Neosalvarsan, 116Nepal, 244Nephropathy, 23Nero, 202Neuron, 171Neurotransmitter, 171–176, 178, 180Newcastle upon Tyne, 113Newton, I., 183New York, 10, 14, 109, 110, 122–126, 155,

176, 190New York Society for the Suppression of Vice,

125Nicholas, A.M., 18Nicholas, G.R., 18

Index 273

Nicholas Proprietary Ltd., 19Nobel Prize, 38, 39, 41, 42, 57, 58, 60, 62, 63, 85,

88, 89, 94–101, 111, 156, 159, 174, 192, 229–234, 253

Noorden, C.H. von, 70Noradrenaline, 172–174Norethindrone, 145Nuremberg Code, 116

OOatmeal, 49, 70Onan, 135Ontario, 79, 80Opium, 8, 32, 67, 69, 70, 123, 157Optical microscopy, 113Oregon University, 177Organotherapy, 77–79Original Vaccine Pock Institute, 225Orizaba, 139Oscar II, 86Ossietzky, C. von, 99Ottoman Empire, 13, 215, 218Ottoman method, 215–220, 251Oxford, 2, 87, 88, 106, 108, 111Oxford University, 86, 106

PPalmer, A.M., 16Palo Alto, 143, 145, 146Panadol, 21Pan American Sanitary Bureau, 118Pancreas, 75, 78, 80–84Pancreatic juice, 75, 81Paprika, 57–60Paracetamol, 21, 173Paranoia, 163Paris, 29–32, 52, 76, 77, 99, 148, 150, 158–160,

162, 188–191, 219Pascal, B., 183Pasteur Institute, 99Pasteur, L., 99, 151, 160, 192, 223, 230–234,

236, 251Patent medicines, 194, 195Paul I, 219Paul IV, 186Pediculus humanus, 238Pelletier, P.-J., 31, 32Penicillin, 88, 92–120, 142, 148, 159–162,

234, 236Penicillium notatum, 104, 105, 107, 110Pennyroyal, 122, 123Peoria, 110

Pepsin, 87Perkin, W.H., 5, 14, 34Perón, J., 18Peruvian Bark, 28, 29Pessary, 128, 135Peter II, 217, 227Peter the Great, 183Petri dish, 103–105, 107Pfizer, 110, 111, 209–211Phallus, 185Pharmaceutical companies, 97, 100, 109, 132,

141–143, 145, 158, 164, 169, 176–181Pharmaceuticals, 1, 6, 7, 9, 13, 14, 17, 32, 36, 78,

97, 100, 141, 143, 159, 168, 170, 178, 188, 209, 211

Pharmacokinetics, 173Phenol, 13–16Philip IV, 26Phlegm, 50Phosgene, 11Pill, 3, 16, 18, 20, 70, 71, 121–146, 211, 249Pincus, G.G., 126, 130–134, 137, 138, 140,

145, 146Pinel, P., 148–152Pinkus, J., 93Piorry, P., 70Piozzi, G.M., 65Pistacia terebinthus, 202Pius XI, 137Placebo, 78, 189, 193, 197, 201–203,

206, 210Plague, 101, 176, 186, 216, 242Plasmodium falciparum, 25Pliny the Elder, 3, 202Pneumonia, 15, 100, 101, 120, 251Poe, E.A., 124Pope, A., 220Port Louis, 76Praag, H. van, 165Pregnancy, 88, 122–124, 126, 132, 134, 135, 137,

138, 140, 156, 208Priapus, 185, 186Progesterone, 132–134, 137, 139–143, 145Prontosil, 97–101, 116Prowazek, S. von, 238Prozac, 167–181Psychiatry, 147–149, 151, 152, 157, 159–166,

168, 169, 172, 175, 176, 178, 180, 181Psychoanalysis, 162–165, 175, 176, 179Psychopharmaceuticals, 159, 168, 170, 176Psychopharmacology, 152, 161, 162, 165, 168,

169, 171, 175, 178Psychosis, 162Puerperal fever, 101

274 Index

Puerto Rico, 133, 134, 228Purdy, M., 123Purpurin, 94

QQin Shi Huang, 64Quarantine, 242, 244Quarti, C., 159Quina, 26, 32, 33Quinine, 20, 25–42, 101, 148, 173, 253Quito, 142, 229

RRabbits, 95, 130–132, 233Rabies, 232Ramesses V, 216Reichstein, I., 60Reichstein process, 62Reichstein, T., 60–63Rensselaer, 10, 11, 13Retinopathy, 23Rheumatic fever, 23, 101Rheumatism, 2, 7Rhino, 202Richmond, 77, 141, 235Ricketts, H.T., 238Rickettsia, 238–240Rickettsia prowazekii, 238Righteous Among the Nations,

237–241Rio de Janeiro, 243Rivera, F.E. de, 26Robert-Fleury, T., 148, 151Roche, 141, 143, 170Rockefeller Foundation, 107Rockefeller Institute, 141Rock, J., 133, 134, 136–140, 145, 146Rockland Research Institute, 170Rodney, G., 53Rogers, K., 105Rogers, M., 124Rollo, J., 68–72Roman fever, 27Roosevelt, E., 145Roosevelt, T., 145Rosenkranz, G., 142–145Ross, R., 37–42, 151, 253Rothschild, 9Royal Society of London, 4, 77, 183Rubella, 246, 247, 251

Ružička, L., 142Russel, B., 127

SSafranine, 94Sahagún, B. de, 213Saint Augustine, 186Saint Nicaise, 216Sakel, M., 153, 154Salicin, 3–5Salicylic acid, 3, 5, 8, 13, 15, 99Salisbury, 49, 50, 53, 57Salix, 3Salvarsan, 93, 95, 96, 101, 116Sandow, E., 203Sanger, M.L., 125–127, 129–132,

140, 146Sanger, W., 126, 128Santa Ana, 51Santisima Trinidad, 51Satyrion, 188Scarlet fever, 101Schedula Romana, 28, 29Schizophrenia, 153–156, 161–163, 165,

172, 197Scientific Revolution, 183Scopolamine, 152, 157Scurvy, 43–57, 63, 66, 237Secretion, 4, 66, 75, 76, 78, 80, 81, 84Serotonin, 172–175, 177–179Seven Years’ War, 48Sexually transmitted diseases, 115, 118Shakespeare, W., 26, 182Shanghai, 152Shaw, B., 127, 236Shitala Mata, 216, 243Sistine Chapel, 186Sklodowska Curie, M., 85Slee, J.N.H., 128, 129Smallpox, 43, 101, 213–224, 226, 227, 229–231,

235, 241–245, 252Somlo, E., 143Sorbitol, 61Sorbose, 61, 62Spanish flies, 67, 123, 203, 205Spanish flu, 12Speedwell, 48Sperm, 130, 132, 137, 184, 187, 192Speyer, G., 95Spiraea ulmaria, 3Spirochetes, 96

Index 275

Spoonwort, 48Staining, 93–95Stanford Research Park, 143Stanford University, 145, 146Stanley, L., 191, 193, 197Staphylococcus aureus, 104Starvation, 71–74, 122, 213Status Quo, 2Steinach, E., 192, 193Sterling Products Inc., 11Stittsworth, W., 196St. Lucia, 68St. Mary’s Hospital Medical School, 102Stone, E., 2–5, 25Stroke, 1, 6, 23, 24, 65, 78, 202Sudan, 86, 217, 245Sulfanilamide, 99, 100Sulfonamides, 97, 100, 116Sulfuric acid, 49Sushruta, 67Syntex, 141–146Synthetic Patent Company, 14Syphilis, 95, 96, 115–119, 252Szent-Györgyi, A., 57–61

TTalbor, R., 29–31Tansy, 122, 123Tchaikovsky, P.I., 238Tenochtitlan, 225, 226Terebinth balm, 202Terezin (Theresienstadt), 6Testicles, 77, 78, 188–193, 196–198,

202, 203Tetanus, 94, 103, 213, 251Thompson, L., 84, 85Thomson, E.D., 34, 35Thrale, H., 65Thrale, H.L., 65Toggenburg goat, 197, 201, 204Toronto, 74, 80, 81, 83, 84, 205Trypanosomes, 95, 96Tuberculin, 234Tuberculosis, 32, 75, 101, 123, 170, 191, 224,

233, 234, 237, 251, 252Tuskegee, 115–120Tuskegee syphilis experiment,

115, 118Tylenol, 21, 22Typhoid, 94, 98, 100, 101, 114, 213, 234–237,

251, 252Typhus, 45, 226, 234, 235, 237–242

UUrban VIII, 27Urine, 65–72, 74, 77, 108, 109, 111, 133, 153, 188Urology, 205, 208, 209, 211U.S. Public Health Service, 116–118U.S. Public Health Venereal Disease Research

Laboratory, 118Utah, 111

VVaccination, 214, 215, 219–221, 223, 224, 227–232,

235–237, 240, 242, 243, 245, 247–251Vaccine, 43, 63, 102, 148, 213–251Valencia, 231Valladolid, 28Vane, J.R., 22Variola, 214, 215Variolation, 214, 217–219Vasectomy, 192Venereal diseases, 101, 116, 144Vermeer, J., 183Veronal, 153Viagra, 3, 182–212Vienna, 70, 144, 146, 153, 163, 192Villeneuve, P.-C., 51Virus, 91, 114, 214–216, 218–220, 230, 232, 246,

247, 251Vitamin B1, 56Vitamin B12, 88, 90Vitamin C, 43–63, 101, 108, 237Vitamins, 54, 61, 109Voronoff, S., 189–193

WWar of Jenkin´s Ear, 47, 48War of the Quadruple Alliance, 48Washington, G., 219Waterloo, 32Weigl, R.S., 238–241Wells, H.G., 127William III Orange, 183William II Orange, 217Williams, M., 191Willis, T., 67Willow bark, 1–5, 25Wine flies, 60–62Wojahn, M., 17, 18Wong, D., 177Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology, 131World Health Organization (WHO), 116, 147,

241, 242, 245

276 Index

Wormwood, 48, 123Wright, E.A., 235–237Wurtzel, E., 167

XX-ray crystallography, 87, 88Xu Fu, 64

YYellow fever, 213, 251Yonath, A.E., 85

ZZhou Enlai, 89Zosimos of Panopolis, 64