Section 2: Tips and Tricks for More Impact - | PARIS21

Data Visualization Using Infographics – Engaging the Public

Operationalizing CD4.0 in the Philippines: Capacity development to strengthen subnational

gender statistics for community-based SDGs monitoring

Section 2: Tips and Tricks for More Impact

Philippine Statistical Research and Training Institute

Josefina V. Almeda, Ph.D.Head/Executive Director III

Philippine Statistical Research and Training Institute Associate Professor 5

School of Statistics, UP Diliman

24-26 November 2020


GRAPHICAL

PRESENTATION


USES OF GRAPHS

Communicates the numerical figures found in tables

Reveals probable relationships among variables

Compares different series or groups

Validate conclusions made in the study

3

4

TYPES OF STATISTICAL CHARTS

Line Chart

Column Chart

Horizontal Bar Chart

Doughnut Chart

Pictograph

StatisticalMap

Pie Chart

Radar Chart


LINE CHART

For time series data

Emphasis is on the movement

Shows trends, patterns, forecasts

Applicable for one or more time series data for comparison purposes

Variable of interest is placed on the vertical axis and the time period on the horizontal axis

7

Data Visualization Using Infographics – Engaging the Public 8

Chart Title

Grid Line

Axis Scale Figures

Source Note

Parts of a Line Chart

Border of Plot Area

Border of Chart Area

Axis Title

LINE CHART: PARTS

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

%

Figure 1: Percentage of Youth 15-24 years old Not in Education and Not in Employment by Sex Philippines, 2006-2018

WOMEN

MEN

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority


SIMPLE LINE CHART

• Only one curve and appropriate for one series of time data

10

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Nu

mb

er o

f P

erso

ns

(in

10

0,0

00

)


Figure 2. Number of Unemployed Persons in the Philippines: 2010-2018

Year No.

2010 4,432,341

2011 4,332,740

2012 4,408,950

2013 4,404,672

2014 4,228,852

2015 4,091,157

2016 3,746,875

2017 3,987,933

2018 3,777,995

Table 1: No. of Unemployed Persons Philippines: 2010-2018


MULTIPLE LINE CHART• Two or more curves and used to compare the trends in two or more

time series data

11

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

No

. of

veh

icle

s, p

erm

its,

an

d li

cen

ses

(in

Mill

ion

s)

Figure 3. Number of Government Employees by Sex in Country A 2012-2018

Men

Women

Year Men Women2012 7,463,393 4,553,272 2013 7,690,038 4,825,584 2014 8,081,224 5,214,352 2015 8,706,607 5,626,046 2016 9,251,565 5,875,732 2017 10,410,814 6,627,549 2018 11,595,434 7,436,731

Table 2. Number of Government Employees by Sex in Country A: 2012-2018


LINE CHART

Data Visualization Using Infographics – Engaging the Public13

0

5

10

15

20

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TIME

Sa

les in

Mill

ion

s

0

5

10

15

20

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TIME

Sa

les in

Mill

ion

s

Good Grid Proportions

0

5

10

15

20

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TIME

Sal

es in

Milli

ons

Figure 4CFigure 4A

Figure 4B

Ratio of height to width should be 2:3 or 3:4


GRIDLINES


MAKE THE LINE THE RIGHT THICKNESS


SEPARATE DATA SERIES

Country A Country B

Country C Country D


USE DIRECT LABELLING

Country A

Country B

Country C

GOOD BETTER


USE ANNOTATION

• Helps the reader understand how to read or use the chart

• It guides the reader through the content.

1

2

1 Point one: Description of text of this annotation

2 Point two: Description of text of this annotation


Guidelines for Axis Value or Category

0

5

10

15

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

No

. of

emp

loye

es

(in

Mill

ion

s)

Figure 5A. Number of Government Employees by Sexin Country A: 2012-2018

Men

Women

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

No

. of

emp

loye

es

(in

Mill

ion

s)

Figure 5B. Number of Government Employees by Sex in Country A: 2012-2018

Men

Women

USE EASY MULTIPLES FOR SCALE VALUES

• Use multiples of five or other easy to work with multiples for scale values



For big scale values, limit the number of digits of the axis values to one or two, then; place the unit of measurement in the axis title

With at most two digits on the scale figuresActual figures displayed on the scale

0

2000000

4000000

6000000

8000000

10000000

12000000

14000000

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

no

. of

emp

loye

es

Figure 6A. Number of Government Employees by Sex in Country A: 2012-2018

Men

Women

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

no

. of

emp

loye

es

(in

mill

ion

s)

Figure 6B. Number of Government Employees by Sexin Country A: 2012-2018

Men

Women

NUMBER OF DIGITS OF AXIS VALUES

Data Visualization Using Infographics – Engaging the PublicDate 21


51.9

52

52.1

52.2

52.3

52.4

52.5

52.6

52.7

1 2 3 4 5

Exch

ange

Rat

e

Day

Figure 7A. Peso Dollar Exchange Rate

Axis value of the vertical axis starts with zero for line chart

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1 2 3 4 5

Exch

ange

Rat

eDay

Figure 7B. Peso Dollar Exchange Rate

AXIS VALUE OF THE VERTICAL AXIS


If there is a need for the upper part of the coordinate fields to portray the data, still retain the zero but exclude the lower part of the figures by putting a break on the vertical scale

VERTICAL AXIS BREAK


LINE DRAWING CHARTS


COMPARING VALUE

CHANGES FAIRLY

• A value increase of 20 to 40 isn’t the same as a value increase of 100 to 120. The first increase has doubled (100%), while the latter has only increased by 20%.

• However, when you visualise the absolute values in a graph, you don’t see much of a performance difference.

Year Country A Country B

1 USD 20 USD 100

2 USD 40 USD 120

% change +100% +20%

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Year 1 Year 2

Country B

Country A


COMPARING VALUE

CHANGES FAIRLY

• Better to plot the data based on the percentage changes in order to better illustrate the amount of change between values (in this example it’s the % change between two years).

Year Country A Country B

1 USD 20 USD 100

2 USD 40 USD 120

% change +100% +20%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Year 1 Year 2

Country B

Country A


DATA MISSING

• With Line Graphs, you can simply not plot the point and instead connect the line between points that do exist in the data.

• Bare in mind though, that if you have too many data points missing, then it’s best to not draw the chart at all.

0

20

40

60

80

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec


COLUMN CHART

For time series data

Shows change over time by comparing column lengths.

Compares the magnitudes of the variable in the Y-axis for the different categories of variable in the X-axis

Emphasis is on the magnitude

29


Chart title

Source note

Data Label

Plot area border

Chart area border

44 43 44 44 42 41

37 40

38

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

NU

MB

ER IN

10

0,0

00

SOURCE: PHILIPPINE STATISTICS AUTHORITY

Figure 8. Number of Unemployed Persons Philippines: 2010-2018

Axis title

PARTS OF A COLUMN CHART


SIMPLE COLUMN CHART• For one time series data or one categorical variable

• Its columns must have only one pattern, color, or shading

32

44 43 44 44 42

41

37 40

38

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Nu

mb

er o

f U

nem

plo

yed

Per

son

s (i

n 1

00

,00

0)


Figure 9. Number of Unemployed Persons, Philippines: 2010-2018

0

Year No.2010 4,432,3412011 4,332,7402012 4,408,9502013 4,404,6722014 4,228,8522015 4,091,1572016 3,746,8752017 3,987,9332018 3,777,995

Table 3. No. of Unemployed Persons Philippines: 2010-2016


GROUPED COLUMN CHART• Compares 2 or more time series data by using different colors,

shading, or patterns

33

Year Open Dump Controlled Dump

2004 1,500 590

2005 1,610 620

2006 1,380 780

2007 1,470 560

2008 1,350 530

2009 1,680 790

2010 1,580 760

2011 1,290 760

2012 1,210 680

2013 1,200 640

2014 1,170 630

2015 700 410

2016 740 260

2017 590 180

Table 4: No. of Solid Waste Disposal Facilities, Philippines2004-2017

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Open Dump 1,500 1,610 1,380 1,470 1,350 1,680 1,580 1,290 1,210 1,200 1,170 700 740 590

Controlled Dump 590 620 780 560 530 790 760 760 680 640 630 410 260 180

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

No

. of

Faci

litie

s

Figure 10. Number of Solid Waste Disposal Facilities Philippines: 2004-2017


SUBDIVIDED COLUMN CHART• Shows the component parts of a series of values

• Uses different colors to show the different components of the column

34

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017Ave

rage

No

. of

Emp

loye

es (

in T

ho

usa

nd

s)

Source: DENR

Figure 11. Average Number of Employees by Sex in Major-Forest-Based Industries, Philippines:

2010-2017

Female

Male

YearAverage Number of Employees

Men Women2010 25,679 7,8202011 23,022 5,1632012 32,182 11,3912013 21,333 7,3662014 18,524 5,5402015 8,256 2,8612016 6,515 1,7152017 4,038 804

Table 5. Average Number of Employees by Sex in Major Forest-Based Industries, Philippines:

2010-2017


100% SUBDIVIDED COLUMN CHART• Components are in percentages • Uses different colors to show the component• Facilitates comparison of two or more time series data

35

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Per

cen

tage

of

Emp

loye

e D

istr

ibu

tio

n

Source: DENR

Figure 12. Percentage Distributionof Employees by Sex in Major-Forest-Based Industries,

Philippines: 2010-2017

Female

Male

Year Men % Women % Total

2010 25,679 76.7 7,820 23.3 33,499

2011 23,022 81.7 5,163 18.3 28,185

2012 32,182 73.9 11,391 26.1 43,573

2013 21,333 74.3 7,366 25.7 28,699

2014 18,524 77.0 5,540 23.0 24,064

2015 8,256 74.3 2,861 25.7 11,117

2016 6,515 79.2 1,715 20.8 8,230

2017 4,038 83.4 804 16.6 4,842

Table 6. Percentage Distribution of Employees by Sexin Major-Forest-Based Industries, Philippines: 2010-2017

Source: DENR


Used for showing increases

and decreases, gains and

losses, and positive and

negative numbers over time

Vertical axis will have positive

and negative scales

Figure 13. Percent Change in the Price of Rice in Country A: January to December, 2019

NET DEVIATION COLUMN CHART


COLUMN CHART


AXES TITLES

Describe both horizontal and vertical axes

39

52.23 52.45 52.56 52.21 52.64

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1 2 3 4 5

Exch

ange

Rat

eDay

Figure 15. Peso Dollar Exchange Rate

Axes Titles


WIDTH AND SPACING OF COLUMNS

40

Usual space/gap between bars is around one-fourth of the width of the column

44 43 44 44 42

41

37 40

38

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

No

. of

Per

son

s in

10

00

00


Figure 16A. Number of Unemployed Persons in the Philippines: 2010-2018

44 43 44 44 42

41

37 40

38

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

No

. of

Per

son

s in

10

00

00


Figure 16B. Number of Unemployed Persons in the Philippines: 2010-2018


COLUMN COLOR

41

For one series of data, use only one color or pattern

44 43 44 44 42

41

37 40

38

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

No

. of

Per

son

s in

10

00

00


Figure 17A. Number of Unemployed Persons in the Philippines: 2010-2018

44 43 44 44 42

41

37 40

38

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

No

. of

Per

son

s in

10

00

00


Figure 17B. Number of Unemployed Persons in the Philippines: 2010-2018


LABELLING ISSUES


MULTISET BAR CHART COLOURS

• Avoid using too many different colours or selecting colours the opposite side of the colour wheel as dramatic contrast can distract from the data.

• Instead, use graduating shades of a single colour or use colours from the same side of the colour wheel.


BAD TYPOGRAPHY

Chart titleA brief description of the data can be written here


COLUMN SHADING

45

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Figure 18A

Figure 18B

Figure 18C

Figure 18D



CLEAR TEXT

Chart Title

A brief description of the data can be written here

CHART TITLEA BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DATA CAN BE WRITTEN HERE

Chart title

A brief description of the data can be written here



52.23

52.45

52.56

52.21

52.64

51.9

52

52.1

52.2

52.3

52.4

52.5

52.6

52.7

1 2 3 4 5

Exch

ange

Rat

e

Day

Figure 19A. Peso Dollar Exchange Rate

Axis value of the vertical axis starts with zero for column chart

52.23 52.45 52.56 52.21 52.64

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1 2 3 4 5

Exch

ange

Rat

e

Day

Figure 19B. Peso Dollar Exchange Rate

AXIS VALUE START


ACCENTUATE WITHOUT MISLEADING

• You’re in a situation where you’ve drawn a Bar Chart but the bars are all similar in length. This is usually caused by a dataset that contains all large values or all the data points are close in value.

• How can you improve this chart to be more interesting without making it misleading?

€0

€40

€80

€120

2014 2015 2016 2017

Year Income

2014 €105

2015 €107

2016 €110

2017 €115


ACCENTUATE WITHOUT MISLEADING

• Instead of plotting the absolute values, you can instead calculate and plot the change in values between each year instead.

• This can be in percentage change as well.

+€0

+€1

+€2

+€3

+€4

+€5

2015 2016 2017

Year IncomeChange from previous year

2014 €105

2015 €107 + €2

2016 €110 + €3

2017 €115 + €5


DATA MISSING

• With Bar Charts, don’t plot a bar for the missing data point.

• Also, make sure to leave a note in the footnote about any missing data.

0

4

8

12

16

20


HORIZONTAL BAR CHART

For qualitative types of data given a specific period of time

Compares the magnitudes of the different categories of a qualitative variable

Place the categories of the qualitative variable on the y-axis and the amount or number on the horizontal axis

53

54

23

25

26

31

57

60

64

84

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Respiratory Tuberculosis

Chronic lower respiratory infections

Hypertensive diseases

Diabetes Mellitus

Pneumonia

Cerebrovascular diseases

Neoplasms

Ischaemic heart diseases

Number of Persons (in Thousands)

Figure 20. Top 8 Leading Causes of Death in the Philippines: 2017


Chart Title

Plot area border

Axis Categories

Source Note

Chart area border

Axis Title

PARTS OF A HORIZONTAL BAR CHART


SIMPLE BAR CHART

• Shows magnitude of the categories of a qualitative variable for specific period of time

• Length of the bar represents the value of each category

56

110

59

51

7

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

I know it

I know most of it

I know a bit

I don't know it

No. of Employees

Figure 21. Level of Awareness of Women on Human Rights in Municipality A: 2019

Level of Awareness No.

I know it 110

I know most of it 59

I know a bit 51

I don’t know it 7

Table 7. Level of Knowledge of Women on Human Rights in Municipality A: 2019


GROUPED BAR CHART

• Compares the amounts of two or more data sets with the same set of categories for specific period of time

57

22

19

25

0

88

40

26

7

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

I know it

I know most of it

I know a bit

I don't know it

No. of Employees

Figure 22. Level of Knowledge on Gender Equalityby Sex, Municipality A: 2019

Male Female

Table 8. Level of Knowledge of Employees on Gender Equality by Sex, Municipality A: 2019

Level of Knowledge Male Female

I know it 88 22

I know most of it 40 19

I know a bit 26 25

I don’t know it 7 0


Is the column chart correct for this data?

58

88

40

26

7

2219

25

00

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

I know it I know most of it I know a bit I don’t know it

no

. of

emp

loye

es

Figure 23. Level of Knowledge of Employees on Gender Equality by Sex in Municipality A: 2019

Male

Female


SUBDIVIDED BAR CHART• Divides one bar into several

components

• Uses absolute numbers in the scale values

59

22

19

25

88

40

26

7

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

I know it

I know mostof it

I know a bit

I don't know it

No. of Employees

Figure 24. Level of Knowledge of Employeeson Gender Equality by Sex in Municipality A: 2019

Female Male


Level of Knowledge Male Female

I know it 88 22

I know most of it 40 19

I know a bit 26 25

I don’t know it 7 0


SUBDIVIDED 100% BAR CHART• Indicates the parts of a whole such

that the parts total to 100%

60

20%

32%

49%

80%

68%

51%

100%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

I know it

I know most of it

I know a bit

I don't know it

No. of Employees

Figure 25. Level of Knowledge of Employees on Gender Equality by Sex, Municipality A: 2019

Female

Male


Level of Knowledge

Male % Female % Total

I know it 88 80 22 20 110

I know most of it 40 68 19 32 59

I know a bit 26 51 25 49 51

I don’t know it 7 100 0 0 7


HORIZONTAL BAR CHARTS


SPACES IN BETWEEN BARS

62

Gap between bars is 1/5 of the width of the bar Gap between bars is 1/2 of the width of the bar

8

62

333

675

1,176

4,225

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

Africa

Unspecified

Oceania

Europe

America

Asia

Number (in 100,000)

Figure 26B. Visitor Arrivals by Region of Residence: 2017

8

62

333

675

1,176

4,225

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

Africa

Unspecified

Oceania

Europe

America

Asia

Number (in thousands)Source: DOT

Figure 26A. Visitor Arrivals by Region of Residence: 2017

Source: DOT

Spaces in between the bars may be one-fifth to one-half the width of the bar


BAR ARRANGEMENT AND USE HIGHLIGHTING

• Arrange the bars according to length to facilitate comparisons

• Use highlighting to emphasise key data points.

• Colour can give elements a visual hierarchy, creating multiple levels of information within the chart.


BARS ARE TOO LONG• When all the bars are long, use data labels for easy comparison

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000

ARMM

CARAGA

REGION XII

REGION X

REGION IX

REGION VIII

REGION VII

REGION VI

REGION V

REGION IV

REGION III

REGION II

REGION I

CAR

NCR

25,000

28,100

30,200

32,100

34,200

36,100

38,200

40,000

41,200

43,200

45,200

50,100

53,200

54,500

57,777

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000

ARMM

CARAGA

REGION XII

REGION X

REGION IX

REGION VIII

REGION VII

REGION VI

REGION V

REGION IV

REGION III

REGION II

REGION I

CAR

NCR


PIE CHART

66

Electricity and heat production

49%

Transport20%

Manufacturing industries & construction

20%

Residential buildings & commercial and public services

9%

Other sectors2%

Figure 27. Percentage Distribution of CO2 Emission by Sector, World: 2014

Source: World Bank

Useful for data sorted into categories for a specific period of time

Emphasis is to show the component parts with respect to the total in terms of the percentage distribution

Applicable if there are less than 6 categories in the data set

Sector % Electricity and heat production 49Transport 20Manufacturing industries & construction 20Residential buildings & commercial and public services 9Other sectors 2

Table 11. Percentage Distribution of CO2 Emission by Sector, World: 2014


PIE CHART


PIE CHART SLICE ORDERING

Plot the biggest slice at 12 o’clock

Arrange components of the pie chart according to magnitude

5

4

3

2

1


OTHERS CATEGORY SLICE POSITION

Reseller, 44%

Others, 39%

Apple, 11%

Nintendo, 6%

Reseller, 44%

Apple, 11%Nintendo,

6%

Others, 39%

If there is an “Others” category, put it in the last section


Reseller, 44%

Others, 39%

Apple, 11%

Nintendo, 6%

Reseller, 44%

Others, 39%

Apple, 11%

Nintendo, 6%

USE OF EXPLODE OPTION


2.43% 3.28%3.42%

3.79%

4.07%

4.11%

4.46%

5.26%

5.45%

5.53%

5.60%6.22%

7.02%

7.36%

7.39%

7.81%

8.39%

8.42% Pharmeceutical & Biotechnology

Travel & Leisure

Tobacco

Life Insurance

Beverages

General Financial

Electricity

Gas, Water & Multiutilities

Support Services

Aerospace & Defence

Construction & Materials

Mining

General Retailers

Oil & Gas Producers

Mobile Telecommunications

Food Producers & Processors2.43%

3.28%

3.42%

3.79%

4.07%

4.11%

4.46%

5.26%

5.45%

5.53%

5.60%

6.22%

7.02%

7.36%

7.39%

7.81%

8.39%

8.42%

0.00% 2.00% 4.00% 6.00% 8.00% 10.00%

Pharmeceutical & Biotechnology

Travel & Leisure

Tobacco

Life Insurance

Beverages

General Financial

Electricity

Gas, Water & Multiutilities

Support Services

Aerospace & Defence

Construction & Materials

Mining

General Retailers

Oil & Gas Producers

Mobile Telecommunications

Food Producers & Processors

Banks

Media

TOO MANY CATEGORIES


• Used for data sorted into categories for a specific period of time

• Emphasis: "part-to-whole" relationship, where all pieces together represent 100%.

• Applicable to display data with a small number of categories (2-5).

• More space-efficient than Pie Charts because the blank space inside a Donut Chart can be used to display information inside it.

DOUGHNUT CHART


TOTAL DATA VALUE

• Total data value, data labels orany additional information canbe placed in the hole of adoughnut chart.


PICTOGRAPH Used for data sorted into

categories for a specific period of time

Emphasis: to get the attention of the reader

Symbols selected should be self-explanatory and easy to understand

Each symbol represents a number

76


2000

2007

2010

2015

= 10,000,000

Figure 28. Philippine Population for Census Years: 2000, 2007, 2010, and 2015


1960: P100.00

1970

1980

1990

CONSISTENT SIZE OF SYMBOLS

19601970: P160

1980: P310

1990: P380

= 100

Minimum Wage

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwi4g7vL1YXcAhXEKZQKHSovAHYQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=http://www.banknotenews.com/files/tag-philippines.php&psig=AOvVaw3d1HNm-vHcyAIXPcPjWAFI&ust=1530801355541650

















STATISTICAL MAPS

Shows data in geographical areas

Geographic areas may represent barangays, cities, district, provinces, and countries

Figures in the map can be numbers, ratios, rates, percentages, and indices

79


THEMATIC MAP

Uses shading to indicate the

degree of magnitude of the

figures

Or uses color to differentiate

the different figures

80


REFERENCE MAP

• Gives either the location or the number of establishments in a certain geographic area

81


STATISTICAL MAPS


USE INTERVALS

• When using colour to visualise values, break the quantitative values into discrete classifications or bin instead of using a continuous gradient scale.


COMPARING GEOGRAPHICAL AREA SIZES

• For when you need to compare different between land mass.

84

1 Municipality = 1.22 City


RADAR CHART

• Used to plot one or more groups of values over multiple common variables represented on axes starting from the same point.

• Multiple observations can be placed in a single chart by displaying multiple polygons, overlaying them and reducing the opacity of each polygon.

• The data from a single observation are plotted along each axis and connected to form a polygon.


Example: Average Employee Performance Appraisal by Sex

Performance Criteria Men Women

Punctuality 4 5

Communication Skills 2 4

Technical Knowledge 5 4

Teamwork 2 5

Problem Solving 4 4

Meeting Deadline 3 5 MEN WOMEN

Average Employee Performance Appraisal by Sex (Scale of 1 – 5, 5 being the highest)

Communication Skills

Technical KnowledgePunctuality

Problem SolvingTeamwork

Meeting Deadline


RECAP


RE

CA

P!

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1. It emphasizes the movement of the time series.

2. It shows the proportions with respect to the total.

3. It shows the location of the different Jollibee stores in Region 3.

4. It attracts the attention of the reader and shows only approximate figures.

5. It is applicable for data sorted into categories for a specific period of time.

Choose the correct type of chart for the following statements. Write on the chat box the letter of your choice. A. Line Chart D. Pie Chart G. Doughnut ChartB. Column Chart E. Pictograph H. Radar ChartC. Horizontal Bar Chart F. Map Chart


TRUE or FALSE: Write TRUE or FALSE on the CHAT BOX.

1. The Pie chart shows the component parts with respect to thetotal in terms of the percentage distribution.

2. When creating a line and vertical bar chart, the vertical axisshould always start at one.

3. The pie chart’s biggest pie slice must be at the 12 o’clockposition.

4. Gap size between bars in a column chart should be around 1/5to 1/2 of the width of the bar.

5. The grid lines may be removed if there are data labels placedon the bar charts.

6. The ratio of height to width of a line graph should be 1:3.


EXERCISES

Direction: Given the charts on the next slides, specify what’s wrong with the construction.


Thank you!

Section 2: Tips and Tricks for More Impact - | PARIS21

Documents

Transcript of Section 2: Tips and Tricks for More Impact - | PARIS21