School of Engineering and Technology - Sandip University

School of Engineering and Technology Aerospace Engineering

Year: TE B.Tech Semester: VI

Course : Numerical methods and programming Course Code: 17YAS601

Teaching

Scheme

(Hrs/Week)

Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA) End Semester

Examination Total

L T P C CIA-1 CIA-2 CIA-3 CIA-4 Lab Theory Lab

3 0 2 4 10 20 10 10 50 100 50 150

Max. Time, End Semester Exam (Theory) - NA End Semester Exam (Lab) - 3Hrs.

Prerequisite 1. Engineering Mathematics

Course Objectives

1 Revising & learning a programming Language.

2 Understanding the difference between Analytical & Numerical methods & Importance of the

numerical methods.

3 Developing skills to code the sequence of a numerical method & verification by manual

solution.

4 Application of numerical methods to solve engineering problems.

5 Application of numerical methods to solve PDEs.

Course Content

Unit

No. Content Hours

1

Basics of programming language:- Character set, Special symbols,

Keywords, variables, Types of statements, logical operators, Sequential

programs, Decision Making, Looping, arrays, simple programs on decision

making & looping. Introduction to a mathematical solver. Errors: -Types of

errors, Concept of convergence.

10

2

Numerical solution of Algebraic & Transcendental equations: - Bisection,

Regula- falsi, Newton Raphson& successive approximation methods. Curve

fitting: - Criteria of least squares- Applied to linear equation, Power

equation, Exponential equation and Quadratic equation.

10

3

Numerical integration: - Trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s Rule (1/3rd and 3/8th),

Gauss Quadrature 2-point and 3-point method. Double Integration:

Trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s 1/3rdRule. Interpolation: -Lagrange’s

Interpolation, Newton’s Forward difference interpolation, inverse

10

interpolation.

4

Ordinary Differential Equations [ODE]:- Taylor series method, Euler

Method, Modified Euler Method(Iterative), Runge-Kutta fourth order

Method, Simultaneous equations using RungeKutta2nd order method. 10

5

Partial Differential Equations [PDE]:- Finite Difference methods

Introduction to finite difference method, PDEs- Parabolic equations- explicit

solution, Elliptic equation- explicit solution. Simultaneous equations: -Gauss

Elimination Method, Partial pivoting, GaussSeidal method.

10

Total 50

Experiments

Experiment

No. Name of Experiment Hours

1 Simple programs (8 to10)using a suitable programming language 2

2

Programs on numerical solution of Algebraic & Transcendental

equations :Bisection Method, Regula- Falsi Method, Newton Rap son

method and Successive approximation method 4

3 Programs on Curve Fitting using Least square technique Straight line,

Power equation, Exponential equation, Quadratic equation 3

4

Programs on Numerical Integration: Trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s Rules

(1/3rd, 3/8th) [In a single program only], Gauss Quadrature Method- 2

point, 3 points [In a single program only], Double integration:

Trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s 1/3rdRule

3

5 Programs on Interpolation: Lagrange’s Interpolation, Newton’s

Forward interpolation, Inverse interpolation 3

6 Programs on ODE: Euler Method (Iterative), Runge-Kutta Methods-

fourth order, Simultaneous equations. (Runge-Kutta 2nd order). 3

7 Programs on PDE 3

8 Program on Simultaneous Equations: Gauss Elimination Method,

Gauss-Seidal method. 3

Total 24

Beyond the Syllabus

1.

2.

Course Outcome

Students should able to

CO1 Formulating the relevant algorithms & coding for the numerical method

CO2 Selection of appropriate numerical method for solution of complex mechanical

engineering problems

CO3 Use of mathematical solver for verifying the results obtained from the code.

CO4 Perform solutions for simple engineering problems by incorporating numerical

techniques.

CO5 Solve simple PDEs.

Recommended Resources

Text Books

1. Dr. B. S. Grewal, “Numerical Methods in Engineering and Science”,

Khanna Publishers. 2. Steven C. Chapra, Raymond P. Canale, “Numerical

Methods for Engineers”, 4/e, Tata McGraw Hill Editions

3. E. Balagurusamy, Numerical Methods, Tata McGraw Hill

4. S. S. Sastry, Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis, PHI.

5. Gerald and Wheatley, Applied Numerical Analysis, Pearson Education

Asia

Reference Books

E-Resources



Course : Theory of Vibrations Course Code: 17YAS602

Teaching

Scheme

(Hrs/Week)


Examination Total


3 0 0 3 10 20 10 10 - 100 - 100


Prerequisite

1. Aerospace Structure

2. Engineering Mathematics

3. Engineering Physics

Course Objectives

1 To outline the fundamental variables and principles in vibrations.

2 To discuss vibrations of systems with single degree of freedom.

3 To explain the vibrations of systems with multiple degree of freedom.

4 To determine the different parameters in vibration and dynamic balancing.

5 To explain the different methods involved in vibration analysis.

Course Content

Unit

No. Content Hours

1

INTRODUCTION

Simple harmonic motion, terminology, Newton‘s Law, D‘Alembert‘s

Prinicple, Resonance, Introduction to mechanism of damping. Damped and

Undamped oscillations. Degrees of freedom. Various mechanisms of

damping. Equivalent viscous damping.

10

2

SINGLE DEGREE OF FREEDOM

Free vibrations, free damped vibrations, forced vibrations with and without

damping. Support excitation and vibration measuring instruments.

Amplitude and Phase response diagrams. Generalized single degree of

freedom systems for continuous structures and computation of K, M and C.

10

3

MULTI DEGREE OF FREEDOM SYSTEMS

Two / Three degree of freedom systems, static and dynamic coupling,

vibration absorbers, Principal coordinates, Principal modes, Othogonality

10

conditions. Hamilton‘s Principle, Lagrange‘s equation and application.

Longintudinal vibration, lateral vibration, torsional vibration of shafts,

dynamical equations of equilibria of elastic bodies, natural frequencies and

modeshapes determination.

4

DETERMINATION OF FREQUENCIES

Methods determining natural frequencies and mode shape. Natural

Vibrations of solid continua. Determination of Eigen Values and Eigen

modes. Natural frequency of rotating shafts Whirling of shafts. Dynamic

balancing of rotating shafts. Dynamic dampers.

10

5

METHODS OF ANALYSIS

Introduction to approximate methods for frequency analysis Rayleigh Ritz

method for vibration analysis. Diagonalization of stiffness, mass and

damping matrices using orthogonality conditions. Matrices for dynamic

analysis. Kinematically consistent Load systems and determination of [K],

[M], [C] and [L] matrices. Normalization and formulation of modal

equations. Steady state response, using fourier analysis for decomposing

complex periodie load functions, of modal equations using S,plane

representation. Transient response analysis of modal equations using

Duhamel‘s integrals.

10

Total 50

Beyond the Syllabus

1.

2.

Course Outcome

Students should be able to

CO1 State the fundamental parameters in vibrations.

CO2 Illustrate the vibrations of single degree of freedom systems with examples.

CO3 Discuss the vibrations of multiple degree of freedom systems.

CO4 Estimate the different parameters in vibration and dynamic balancing

CO5 Describe the different methods used in vibration analysis.


Text Books

1. Tho mson, W.T., Theory of vibrations with applications, CBS

Publishers, Delhi.

2. Dynamics of Structures. R.W. Clough and Penzien, McGraw Hill

2/e,1993

3. Mechanical Vibrations, Singiresure.S.Rao, Pearson Education LPE-

2004.

4. Theory and practice of Mechanical vibrations, Rao, J.S and Gupta .K.,

Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi, 2002.

Reference Books

1. An Introduction to Theory of Aeroelasticity, Fug, Y.C., John Wiley &

Sons, NewYork, 1984

2. Vibration Problems in Engineering, Timoshenko, S., John Wiley and

Sons, New York, 1987.

3. Shock and Vibrations, Harris & Creed Mc-Graw Hill book company,

third edition.

4. Mechanical Vibrations, V.P.Singh, Dhanapati Rai and Co. 2003

edition.

5. Mechanical Vibrations, S.Grahamkelly- TMH 2004 edition.

6. Mechanical Vibrations, G.K.Groover, Nemchand and Brothers 2001

edition.

7. Vibrations and waves ,CBS Publishers and Distributors MIT series

1987.

8. Introduction to the Study of Aircraft Vibration & Flutter, Scanlon,

R.H., & Rosenbaum, R., John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1982

E-Resources

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Course : Control Theory and Applications of

Flight Control System

Course Code: 17YAS603

Teaching

Scheme

(Hrs/Week)


Examination Total


3 0 2 4 10 20 10 10 - 100 50 150


Prerequisite 1.Basic Electronics , Basic Flight Control Systems

Course Objectives

1 To acquaint the student with methods of modeling, performance analysis, and synthesis

of control systems and application to aircraft flight control systems.

2 Study and solve problems on Simple pneumatic, hydraulic and thermal systems, Mechanical

and electrical component analogies.

3 Study and solve problems on Block diagram representation of control systems, Reduction of

block diagrams, Signal flow graph.

4 Study and solve problems on Response of systems to different inputs, Time response of first

and second order systems, steady state errors and error constants of unity feedback circuit.

5 Study and solve problems on Routh - Hurwitz criteria of stability, Root locus and Bode

techniques, Concept and construction, frequency response Study about digital control system,

Digital Controllers and Digital PID Controllers.

Course Content

Unit

No. Content Hours

1

INTRODUCTION

Historical review - Simple pneumatic, hydraulic and thermal systems, Series

and parallel systems, Analogies - Mechanical and electrical components,

Development of flight control systems.

10

2

OPEN AND CLOSED LOOP SYSTEMS

Feedback control systems - Block diagram representation of control systems,

Reduction of block diagrams, Output to input ratios, Signal flow graph. 12

3

CHARACTERISTIC EQUATION AND FUNCTIONS

Laplace transformation, Response of systems to different inputs viz., Step

input, impulse, ramp, parabolic and sinusoidal inputs, Time response of first 12

and second order systems, steady state errors and error constants of unity

feedback circuit.

4

CONCEPT OF STABILITY

Necessary and sufficient conditions, Routh - Hurwitz criteria of stability,

Root locus and Bode techniques, Concept and construction, frequency

response.

SAMPLED DATA SYSTEMS

Introduction to digital control system, Digital Controllers and Digital PID

Controllers.

12

5

Modern Control Theory- State Space Modeling, Analysis: Limitations of

classical methods of control system modeling, analysis and design,

applied to complex, multiple input multiple output systems. 04

Total 50

Experiments

Experiment

No. Name of Experiment Hours

1 To study and perform the PI. 2

2 To study and perform the PD. 4

3 To study and perform the PID. 3

4 To study and perform the Open loop system. 3

5 To study and perform the closed loop system. 3

6 To study and plot the bode plot. 3

7 To study and plot the root locus. 3

8 To study and over view of flight control system. 3

Total 24

Beyond the Syllabus

3.

4.

Course Outcome


CO1 The Simple pneumatic, hydraulic and thermal systems, Mechanical and electrical

component analogies based problems.

CO2 The Block diagram representation of control systems, Reduction of block diagrams,

Signal flow graph and problems based on it.

CO3 The Response of systems to different inputs, Time response of first and second order

systems, steady state errors and error constants of unity feedback circuit and problems

based on it.

CO4 The Routh - Hurwitz criteria of stability, Root locus and Bode techniques, Concept and

construction, frequency response and problems based on it.

CO5 The digital control system, Digital Controllers and Digital PID Controllers.


Text Books

1 Kuo, B.C., Automatic Control Systems, Prentice Hall India, 1992,

ISBN 0-87692-133-0.

2 Stevens, B.L. and Lewis, F.L., Aircraft Control and Simulation,

John Wiley, 1992, ISBN0-471-61397-5.

3 Nelson, R.C., Flight Stability and Automatic Control, second

edition, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2007, ISBN: 0-07-066110-3.

4 Yechout, T.R. et al., Introduction to Aircraft Flight Mechanics,

AIAA, 2003, ISBN 1-56347-577-4.

Reference Books

1 Mc Lean, D., Automatic Flight Control Systems, Prentice

Hall, 1990, ISBN: 0-13-154008-0.

2 Bryson, A.E., Control of Aircraft and Spacecraft, Princeton

University Press, 1994, ISBN: 0-691-08782-2.

3 Collinson, R.P.G., Introduction to Avionics Systems, second

edition, Springer, 2003, ISBN: 978-81-8489-795-1.

E-Resources

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3.


Year: TE BTech Semester: VI

Course : SATELLITE AND SPACE SYSTEM DESIGN Course Code: 17YAS604

Teaching

Scheme

(Hrs/Week)


Examination Total


3 0 0 3 10 20 10 10 - 100 - 100


Prerequisite 1. Engineering Physics

2. Engineering Mathematics

Course Objectives

1 To gain the knowledge about the concepts of the satellite and its applications

2 To get acquainted with the space environment and its effect on spacecraft design

3 To know the fundamental orbital mechanics and space mission operations

4 To provide an exposure to the space system and mission design

5 To develop an understanding of the control, communication processes and reliability of

spacecraft

Course Content

Unit

No. Content Hours

1

SATELLITE ENGINEERING AND APPLICATIONS

Satellite design philosophy. Micro satellites, mini satellites and nano

satellites, in orbit operation, satellite application for meteorology, navigation,

communication, geo observation.

10

2

SPCAECRAFT ENVIRONMENT AND ITS EFFECTS ON

DESIGN

Preoperational spacecraft environment, operational spacecraft environments,

Environmental effects on design, the sun, the earth, and spacecraft effects,

spacecraft structure, thermal control.

10

3

Fundamentals of Orbital Mechanics, Orbital Maneuvers: Two-body

motion-Circular, elliptic, hyperbolic, and parabolic orbits-Basic Orbital

Elements-Ground Trace In-Plane Orbit changes-Hohmann Transfer-

Bielliptical Transfer-Plane Changes- Combined Maneuvers-Propulsion

for Maneuvers. Space Mission Operations: Supporting Ground System

Architecture and Team Interfaces - Mission phases and Core operations-

Team Responsibilities Mission Diversity – Standard Operations Practices.

10

4

SPACE SYSTEM DESIGN

Satellite system design, Payloads and missions, system view of spacecraft

propulsion system, launch vehicles, spacecraft mechanisms. COTS

components in the space environment.

10

5

SPACECRAFT SYSTEMS

Attitude control, Electrical power systems, Telecommunications, telemetry

command, data handling and process.

PRODUCT ASSURANCE

Failures, Reliability, material and process, safety, configuration control, build

and verification, system engineering, case studies

10

Total 50

Beyond the Syllabus

1.

2.

Course Outcome


CO1 Classify Satellites according to design and applications.

CO2 Relate to the adversaries in spacecraft design due to Space environment.

CO3 Compute orbital parameters of various trajectories for space missions

CO4 Discuss the conceptual design of space systems

CO5 Use control, communication and reliability concepts for space system design


Text Books 1. P.Fortescue J. Stark, and G.Swinerd, "Spcaecraft Systems Engineering", John

Wiley and sons, 2002

Reference Books

E-Resources



Course : Resource Management Techniques Course Code: 17YASA04

Teaching

Scheme

(Hrs/Week)


Examination Total


0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


Prerequisite 3.

Course Objectives

1

2

3

4

5

Course Content

Unit

No. Content Hours

1

INTRODUCTION AND LINEAR PROGRAMMING : Operations

Research(OR)-Nature-Characteristics-Phases.-Role of OR in Decision

making- Outline of OR Models Linear Programming – Formulation of L.P.

problems –Solution by graphical method, simplex method, and big M

methods – Applications of O.R. in production management

10

2

TRANSPORTATION AND ASSIGNMENT MODEL : Transportation

problem – Initial feasible solution- Northwest corner method, Least Cost

method, Vogel’s approximation method – Test for optimality-MODI method

Assignment problems- Hungarian assignment models- Travelling salesman

problems

10

3

RESOURCE SCHEDULING AND NETWORK ANALYSI : Problem of

Sequencing – Problem with N jobs and 2 machines, 3 jobs and M machines.

Project Management – Basic concepts – Case studies – Network construction 10

and scheduling, Program evaluation and resource leveling by network

techniques, time – Cost trade off.

4

INVENTORY CONTROL AND SIMULATION : Inventory Control –

Various Types of inventory models – deterministic inventory models –

Production model, Purchase model– with and without shortage- EOQ –

Buffer stock – Shortage quantity, Probabilistic inventory models – Quantity

Discount and Price Breaks Simulation – Use, advantages & limitations,

Monte –Carlo simulation, application to queuing, inventory & other

problems

10

5

QUEUEING THEORY, GAME THEORY AND REPLACEMENT

MODELS : Queuing theory – Poisson arrivals and exponential service times,

Single channel models only. Game theory-Pay off matrix, competitive games

with pure strategy, mini max criterion, principles of dominance &mixed

strategies Replacement policy for items whose maintenance cost increases

with time- Consideration of money value- Replacement policy- Individual,

Group replacement of items that fail completely

10

Total 50

Beyond the Syllabus

3.

4.

Course Outcome


CO1

CO2

CO3

CO4

CO5


Text Books Kanti Swarup, P.K.Gupta, & Manmohan., Operations Research – S. Chand &

Sons.

Reference Books

1. K.V.Mital and C.Mohan,” Optimization Methods in O.R and System

Analysis “, New Age International Publishers.

2. S.D.Sharma,”Operations Research”, Kedarnath Ramnath& Co, 2002.

3. Hamdy A. Taha,” Operations Research”, 5th Edn., PHI, 1995

4. Hiller & Liberman,”Introduction to operation research”, 5th Edn., McGraw

Hill, 2001.

5. Ravindran,Phillips&Solberg, “Operations Research: principles and

practice”, 2nd Edn., Wiley India Lts, 2007

E-Resources



Course : Theory of Elasticity Course Code: 17YASA05

Teaching

Scheme

(Hrs/Week)


Examination Total


0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


Prerequisite 4.

Course Objectives

1 The objective of the course is to provide advance knowledge in theory of elasticity. This will

help students in understanding, modeling and interpreting flight vehicle structure using finite

element method.

2

3

4

5

Course Content

Unit

No. Content Hours

1

Two-Dimensional Problems- I Two dimensional problems in rectangular co-

ordinates-solution by polynomials - Saint-venant’s principle- determination

of displacements-bending of simple beams-application of Fourier series

methods for two dimensional problems - gravity loading.

10

2

Two-Dimensional Problems- II Two dimensional problems in polar

coordinates - stress distribution symmetrical about an axis - pure bending of

curved bars - strain components in polar coordinates – displacements

displacement for symmetrical stress distribution - simple symmetric and

asymmetric problems - general solution of two-dimensional problem in polar

coordinates - application of general solution in polar coordinates

10

3

Three-Dimensional Problems Analysis of stress and strain in three

dimensions - principal stress - stress ellipsoid - director surface

determination of principal stresses - maximum shear stresses - homogeneous

deformation - principal axes of strain rotation. General theorems.

10

4

Torsion Torsion of prismatic bars - torsion of prismatic bars - bars with

elliptical cross sections - other elementary solution - membrane analogy -

torsion of rectangular bars-solution of torsional problems by energy method -

use of soap films in solving torsion problem - hydro dynamical analogies -

torsion of shafts, tubes, bars etc.

10

5

Bending Bending of prismatic Bars: Stress function - bending of cantilever -

circular cross section – elliptical cross section – rectangular cross section -

bending problems by soap film method - displacements 10

Total 50

Beyond the Syllabus

5.

6.

Course Outcome


CO1 At the end of this course, students will be in a position to handle complex problems for

flight structural analysis.

CO2 Sadd, M.H., Elasticity: Theory, Applications, and Numerics, Elsevier Pub, 2009.

CO3

CO4

CO5


Text Books Timoshenko, S.P. and Goodier, J.N., Theory of Elasticity, Tata McGraw Hill.

Reference Books

1.Chakrabarty, Theory of Plasticity, McGraw-Hill Publications.

2. Fung, Y.C., An Introduction to the Theory of Aeroelasticity, Dover

Publications.

3. Gurucharan Singh, Theory of Elasticity.

4 Sadhu Singh, Theory of Elasticity, Khanna Publications.

E-Resources



Course : Helicopter Engineering Course Code: 17YASA06

Teaching

Scheme

(Hrs/Week)


Examination Total


0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


Prerequisite

Course Objectives

1 To familiarize students on the elements of helicopter aerodynamics and ground effect

machines.

2

3

4

5

Course Content

Unit

No. Content Hours

1

Elements of Helicopter Aerodynamics: Configurations based on torque

reaction - Jet rotors and compound helicopters- Methods of control-

Collective and cyclic pitch changes – Lead – Lag and flapping hinges. 10

2

Ideal Rotor Thory: Hovering performances - Momentum and simple blade

element theories - Figures of merit - Profile and induced power estimation

Constant chord and ideal twist rotors. 10

3

Power Estimates, Stability and Trim: Induced, Profile and Parasite power

requirements in forward flight - Performances curves with effects of altitude.

Preliminary ideas on helicopter stability. 10

4

Lift and Control of V/Stol Aircraft: Various configuration - Propeller, Rotor

ducted fan and jet lift - Tilt wing and vectored thrust - Performances of

VTOL and STOL aircraft in hover, Transition and Forward motion. 10

5 Ground Effect Machines: Types - Hover height, Lift augmentation and

power calculations for plenum chamber and peripheral jet machines - Drag 10

of hovercraft on land and water. Applications of hovercraft.

Total 50

Beyond the Syllabus

7.

8.

Course Outcome


CO1 The students will be able to take up design and analysis works relating to helicopter.

CO2

CO3

CO4

CO5


Text Books

1. Johnson, W., Helicopter Theory, Princeton University Press,1980.

2. McCormick, B.W., Aerodynamics, Aeronautics & Flight Mechanics, John

Wiley, 1995. 3. Gessow, A., and Myers, G.C., Aerodynamics of Helicopter,

Macmillan & Co., N.Y.1987.

Reference Books 1. McCormick, B.W., Aerodynamics of V/STOL Flight, Academics Press,

1987. 2. Gupta, L Helicopter Engineering, Himalayan books, 1996.

E-Resources

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