Παρατηρήσεις στην οχύρωση της αρχαίας Ρόδου, στα...

YIIOYPfEIO IIOAITI}:MQY KB' EOPEIA IIPOILTOPIKQN KAI KAALIKQN APXAIOTHTQN

4l] EOPEIA BYZANTINQN APXAIOTHTQN

POAOl: 2.400 XPONIA

H IIOAH TH"E POAOY AIIO THN IAPY"EH TH"E MEXPI THN KATAAH'PH

AIIO TOY"E TOYPKOY"E (1523)

i\IE0NE:E EIII:ETHMONIKO :EYNEL\PIO Pobo(;, 24-29 Ox-rropgiou 1993

IIPAKTIKA

TOMO:E A

AE>HNA 1999

McA.Cva <l>LArlflOVO£-Tao:n:otou

To CJr)IJ.UV'tL%6 OQ8Qo tov I. Kovtri «Ta aQxaCa tELXTJ 'tTJ<; P6oov», nov Ol'J!J.OOLEU8TJXE mo AL1 w 1963\ ovmvxw<; OEV OA0%ATJQW8Tj%£ an6 'tOV (OLO flE 'tTJ OTJIJ.OOLEVCJr) 'tOV 0£V't£QOV !J.EQOV<;, nov 8a nEQLEAOfl~av£ ta 'tflll!J.a'ta tov teCxov<; nov cCxav flEXQL tote anoxaA.v<p8£L k'ta XQOVLa nov axoA.ou-8Tjaav TJ anoxoAV'ljJTJ tov OXVQW[lanxov neQL~6A.ov 'tTJ<; eAATJVL<YtL'Xll£ n6ATJ<; avvcxCatTJ'XE fl£ YQllYOQo QV8fl6, qJEQVOvta<; mo cpw<; xat nQoacpEQOV'ta£ O'tTJV EQ£vva OTJJ.lavnxo 'tflll!J.a'tO tov2 (Etx. 1 ). Mta EQevva nov 6vawxw<; flEXQL all!J.EQa O£v EXEL :rtQOXWQrlOEL avv8ettxo.

'HOTJ an6 'tTJV enoxli wv I. Kovtli ELX£ OL£V%QLVLa8e( ott 1:0 eAATJVL<YtL%6 teCxo<; €cp8ave IJ.EXQL to ~OQ£LO't£QO O'XQO tov VTJOLOU, 'tTJV IIavo£ AxQa3

, OV!lJtEQaOJ.la nov anixA.etae 'tTJV aQXLXO vw8E'tTJ!J.EVTJ vn68£CJr) ott 1:0 <nQm6neoo wv 6.TJ!J.TJ'tQCov wv IIoALOQXTJtll £LX£ eyxmama8eC <no XWQO am6 %a't0 'tTJ 0LOQ%£La 'tTJ<; JtOAlOQ'XLa<; %at O'tL 'tTJV 'XUQLa £JtC8WTJ ELX£ oex8e( 'tO ~OQELVO 'tflll!la 'tOV 'tELxov<;4. T!J.li!J.a 'tOV 'tELXOV<; amou eCxe a:n:oxaA.vcp8e( %at OTJIJ.OOLEV8e( a:n:6 'tOV Luziano Laurenzi JtAOL ato E8vtx6 8imQo5

• kll!J.EQa !J.nOQOU!J.E va naQaxoA.ov81iaov!J.e 1:0 teCxo<; JlEXQL 1:0 ~6Q£LO aXQW'trlQL 'tOV VTJOLOU6 (IICv. 3a).

li£QWa6teQo JtQO~ATJIJ.a'tL'Xll eCvat TJ noQe(a tov <nTJ Omtxli nAEVQO 'tTJ<; :n:6ATJ<;, 6:n:ov <YtTJV aQxatO'tl'J'ta avmy6tav w 6mtx6 AL!J.OVL. 0 !J.WAo<;, nov £LX£ £:7tLOTJ!J.av8£( tov :rtQOTJYOVJ.lEVO atwva a:n:6 tov Newton7 xat e(vat !J.EXQL Orl!J.EQa OQm6<;, :rtQE:rtEL va avlixEL <no ALIJ.OVL am6, w ono(o £WXWQovae ~a8to IJ.EOa <YtTJV sTJQ08

• NotLmEQa ~QE8Tj%aV a:n:oa:n:aOIJ.a'tL%0 IJ.L'XQO 't!J.ll!J.a'ta 'tOV 'tELXOV<;, nov Oe(xvovv ott <YtTJV nAEVQO avt1l naQaxoA.ov8ovae 'tTJV :n:aQaA.Ca, :n:oA.U xovto <nTJ OTJIJ.EQLVrl axtoyQa!J.Jlli9

•

AJt6 'tTJ yQa!J.!lll tov teCxov<; mo <pQUOL wv M<pov -cov AyCov ktecpovov, 6:n:ov JtEQL~oAAEL 'tTJV aQxaCa a'XQOJtOATJ, EXEL ~Q£8£( 't!J.ll!la OQ8oywvwv JtVQYOV %at LXVTJ oA.A.ov10

• ' Eva<; 'tQL'tO<; JtVQYO<; nov ava<pEQE'tat an6 tov A. Maiuri <YtTJV Cota 8€CJr) oev awl;nm :n:Mov11

, evw ta A.a!;e'll!J.ma nov avlixovv O'tl']V %0l'tTJ 'tOV 'tELXOV£ %at eCxav JtaQa'tTJQTJ8E( an6 'tOV Newton 'tOV JtQOTJYOV!J.EVO mwva exovv em-

1 KoVtTj; 1963, a. 76-94. 2 Bf-. Konstantinopoulos 1988, a. 208 xm <Jl]~. 11, 6nov xm auyxEVtQOO~EVT] ~L~Awygo.cpCo.. 3 KoVtTj; 1963, a . 80-81. R.M. Berthold, Rhodes in the Hellenistic Age, USA 1984, a. 68, 01]~. 18, X<iQt'Y]; 1. 4 J. Kromayer - G. Weith, Heerwesen und Kriegsfiihrung der Griechen und Romer, Miinchen 1928, a. 220, n(v. 24,

EL%. 78. Inglieri, a. 13, O.QL8. 1. Konstantinopoulos 1988, aT]~. 9. 5 L. Laurenzi, MemFERT, II, a. 33 x.E., n(v. XXXI. 6 ~'tO mx6nEbo Tao.~o.gTj , 6nov ~QLG%E'tm aTj~EQO. 1:0 ~EVOOOXEtO Siravast, ~A. AL1 23 (1968), XgovLxci, a. 447. No

'tL6n:go. 1:0 'tECxo; EXEL ~QE8E C mo. mxonEba M. ~OQL<ivo, AL1 23 (1968), XgovLxci, a. 447, Mul-oovci, AL1 20 (1965), XgovLxci, a. 594-595, ~. IIo.vi-Cb'Y],AL1 31 (1976), XgovLxci, a. 386.

7 C.T. Newton, Travels and Discoveries in the Levant, I, London 1865, a. 174. AL1 24 (1969), XgovLxci, a. 457, 6nov xm 'Y] OXEnxTj PLPI-wygo.cpCo..

8 na 'tO OU'tL')(O AL~UVL 't'Y]; agxo.Ca; P6bov, ~~-. D .J . Blackman, OL AL~I:'ve; ''t'Y]; agxo.Co.; P6bov ( O't'Y]V no.gouao. E')(

OO<Jl], a. 41 x.E.). 9 AL1 34 (1979), XQOVLXci, a. 412 (mx. NLxoAciou) · 44 (1989), XQOVLX<i, a. 472, ax€6. 1) (mx. Ko.xci) · 25 (1970),

XgovLxci, a. 505-506 (nEQLOXTj Wagonoul-o.;) · 30 (1975), XgovLxci, a. 363 (ax't:Tj MLaoUATJ). 10 AL1 27 (1972), XgovLxci, a. 677-679. 11 A. Maiuri, ClRh I (1928), a. 44.

29

MEAINA IAHMONO~-T~OITOTOY

ELx. 1. To QVf.Lm:or.ux6 ox£ow 111c; agxaCac; :n:6A.11c; "tl]c; P6oov f.L£ -ro noCxoc;.

30

J

. l

IIAPATHPHLEIL LTHN OXYPQLH THL APXAIAL PO~OY

xwo8EL12• T£Ao£, 6Ev ECvm :rr;Mov ogma 'tfl~[lma wu -rECxou£ 01:11 v&na :rtAEuga 't11£ agxaCa£ axg6:rtoA11£,

:rr;ou 01'][lELWvov-rm mo XELQ6ygacpo -rou J. Hedenborg13, EVW :rtgo~A11[la'tLX~ :rr;aga[!EVEL ax6[!a 11 xgovo

My11011 EVO£ 'tfl~[la'tO£ -rou 'tELXO'U£ [lE Efl:ltAEX't1'J (;) -rmxonm(a :rto'U ELXE a:rr;oxaAucp8E( E:rtL L'taAoxgm(a£ xm E8EWQEC-ro :rr;av-ra W£ -ro agxmmEgo 't!!~!!a 1:1']£ oxvQW01'J£14

• To 't[l~[la am6 av~XEL O't1'J vono6mLx~ ywv(a -rou 'tELXO'U£, :rtQLV axoAou8t1oEL [!La :rtogE(a OXEMv :rr;agaAA11A11 !!E w Maxgv L'tEV6, 6:rr;ou 11 011[lEQLVtl oM£ Ilag8Ev6:rt11£15

• MqaAE£ nwg6:rtALv8m, :rr;ou E(vm ~!!EQa ogm££ oE mx6:rtE6o 01:11 ~6QELa :rtAE'UQ<i 1:11£ :rr;aga:rr;avw o6ov16

, a:rtmEAovv £v6EL~11 yLa 1:11v m8avt1 :rtOQE(a -rou 'tELXO'U£ 01:1'] YQCXfl!!tl wu 01'][lEQLVov cpumxov av6~gou, :rtou EVLOXVE'tm an6 avaA11[l[la'tLx6 -roCxo 1:11£ wugxoxgm(a£ .

To 'tELXO£ 01:11 O'UVEXELCX axoAo'U8E( w cpgvDL 1:11£ [!LXQ~£ Cj)'UOLX~£ xaga6ga£ JtO'U 0X11[la't~E'tm :rtAaL 01:11 011!!EQLV~ oM K. IlaAmoMyou. L'tO v6-rLO au-r6 'tfl~!!a -rou EXEL a:rr;oxaAucp8E( oE agxE-ra mx6:rtE6a, £-rm wmE [l:ltOQOV[lE va :rr;agaxoAou8t1oo'U[lE [!E axg(~ELa 1:11 YQCX[l[l~ -rou OE ouvoALXO !!tlXO£ :rtEQLOOO'tEQO a:rt6 £va XLALO[lE'tQo17 (ELx. 2). LW 011f!E(o au-r6 w 'tELXO£ Evwxvnm [!E LOX'UQOV£ -rE-rgaywvou£ :ltVQYO'U£18

, EVW 'tO naxo£ 'tO'U 01:11 8E[!EALW011 ELVUL ±3,50 [!. 19•

12 C.T. Newton, 6.n., a. 165. BA. x.m I. Kovt~c:;, IIAE 1952, a. 549-550. 13 Geschichte der Insel Rhodos, III, a. 214 x..E., nCv. XCIXb (1854, XELQ6ygacpo AgzmoAoytx.ou Iogu!-lawc:; ~woEx.a

v~aou ). Ast6Aoyo '!!~!-Ia wu 'tECzouc:; ELXE anox.aAucp8EC m11v Cota 8EG1'] x.m EJt( t'taAox.gmCac:; mo nA<it 't1'J£ 'tO'tE Ilugmoano8~x.1']c:;, ~A. G. Jacopi, BdA 1927-28, (J. 517. BA. EJtLG1']<; Inglieri, (J. 18, agt8. 22, OJtOU Aav8aG!!EVa 01']!-\ELOOVOVtm ~6-QEta wu 'tECzouc:; x.m EJtO!!Evwc:; !!EGa m11v JtEQtOX~ 't1']<; ax.g6noA1']c:; m 1<icpm nou avEax.mjJE o Jacopi, ClRh VI-VII (1932), a. 445-467. ECx.om 1<icpm nou zgovoA.oyouv-tm mo 'tEAEmaCo 'tE'tagw 'tou Sou-a' 'tE'taQ'tO 'tOU 4ou m. n.X. ava(J)(.<icp1']x.av a!!EGwc:; v6'tta wu 'tECzouc:; an6 't1']V K. mougou 'tO 1963, ~A. ALl 18 (1963), Xgovtx.<i, a. 324-325. ~mtx.6'tEQa x.m !!EGa mo mgm6JtEOo 1ou lou TEX EQEU~81']x.av <iAAm 39 1<icpm wu 4ou m. n.X.,ALJ 34 (1979), Xgovtx.<i, a. 431.

14 L~!-IEQa E(vm oga16 am6 w '!!~!-Ia m11 omtx.~ JtAEUQ<i wu mgtcpEQEtax.ou og61-1ou '11£ ax.g6noA1']c:;. BA. fg. KwvG'tav'ttv6nouAoc:;, Aexafa P6oot;, AS~va 1986, G. 222, ELX.. 245. fta 'tO JtQO~A1']!-la 't1']<; zgovoMy1']G~c:; 'tOU, ~A. x.m KoVt~c:; 1963, a. 87 x.m G1'J!!· 23.

15 H nagouaCa 1<icpwv x.a1<i ~-~~x.oc:; 't1']<; ooou Ilag8Ev6Jt1']<; anooEtx.vuEt 6n w 'tECzoc:; Sa JtQEJtEt va avas1'J't1']8EC ~OQEtO'tEQa 't1']<; ooou. Evoux.nx.<i avacpEQOU!!E 'ttc:; nagax.<i1w avaax.acpEc:; nou anox.<iAuljJav 't!-\~1-la'ta 't1']<; agzaCac:; VEX.QOJtOA1']c:;: ALl 34 (1979), Xgovtx.<i, a. 431-433 (f. PCx.a)· 28 (1973), Xgovtx.<i, a. 637-640 (MV1'J!!ELO AanCoac:;)· 29 (1973-74), Xgovtx.<i, a. 977 (~ov't<i-~1']Aa~Eg<ix.1'])· 32 (1977), Xgovtx.<i, a. 363-365 (Aganouo1']-Bax.ovo(ou)· 42 (1987), Xgovtx.<i, a. 596-597 (IIEQL01'J).

L't1'] GU!!~OA~ 't1']<; ooou IIag8EVOJt1']<; !-IE 't1'] E>. LocpoUA1'] E)(OUV avaax.acpEC an6 wv I. KoVt~ x.m ota't1']QOUVtm ogmo( 1<icpm. H ngoc:; B. auvEzeta 1ou auyx.gO't~!-\moc:; avaax.<icp1']XE 'tO 1991 x.m> GUV1'JYOQEL x.m 11 anox.<iAutjJ1'] mx.ooO!!tx.oov AEtljJ<ivwv 't1']<; n6A1']<; mo a!!EGW<; ~OQEtd'tEQO mx.6nEoo LaAovtx.tou-XagaAa!!Jt1'J, OJtOU anox.aMcp81']X.E 'tO omtx.6 OQLO 't1']c:; agzaCac:; ooou P27, ~A. ALl 42 (1987), Xgovtx.<i (J. 591-592.

16 L'tO otx.6JtEoo E!-t!-1· Pouaa<ix.1'], ~A. ALl 48 (1993), Xgovtx.<i, a. 521. 17 AvacpEQOU!!E 'tt<; avaax.acpEc:; 6nou E)(EL £Jtt(J1']!-lav8E( w 'tECzoc:; ax.oAou8umac:; 't1']V JtOQE(a wu an6 ~. ngoc:; A.:ALJ

43 (1988), Xgovtx.<i, a. 594 (IIC1mou)· 23 (1968), Xgovtx.<i, a. 446-447 x.m 28 (1973), Xgovtx.<i, a. 608-609 (MugtaAA.~)· 28 (1973), Xgovtx.<i, a. 609 (Kungt0011'])· 29 (1973-74), Xgovtx.<i, a. 968 (Xa'ts1']x.av-t<iX1'J)· 20 (1965), Xgovtx.<i, a. 595-596 (Ag~avC't1'J)· 29 (1973-74), Xgovtx.<i, a. 968-970 (KEzayt<i)· 28 (1973), Xgovtx.<i, a. 610-614 (Kmaag<i- Kax.<i- ImgCo11)· 29 (1973-74), Xgovtx.<i, a. 959-961 (Imgou- faAm<i- Mavt<i- IloAuzg6V1'])· 32 (1977), Xgovtx.<i, a. 344-346 x.m 33 (1978), Xgovtx.<i, a. 397 (Kwvmav-ttvCo1']- Kax.a)· 31 (1976), Xgovtx.<i, a. 386 (W'taga)· 24 (1969), Xgovtx.<i, a. 453-455 (XaAx.t6nouAou)· 29 (1973-74), Xgovtx.<i, a. 959 (Aytax.<i'tmx.a)· 24 (1969), Xgovtx.<i, a. 453· 25 (1970), Xgovtx.<i, a. 500-505 x.m 26 (1971), Xgovtx.<i, a. 534-535 (Xam<i- Boytms~- IIanayEwgyCou)· 30 (1975), Xgovtx.<i, a. 366 (IIanaytavv<ix.11)· 42 (1987), Xgovtx.<i, a. 595-599 (~tax.Co1']). Avaax.a~ 'tECzouc:; G't1']V ol\6 A'ta~ugou ( ai\1']!-\0G(Em1'J), ClRh I (1928), a. 44-45.

18 ALl 23 (1968), Xgovtx.<i, a. 446-447 x.m 28 (1973), Xgovtx.<i, a. 608-609 (mx.. MugtaAA~).ALJ 20 (1965), Xgovtx.<i, a. 595-596 ( mx.. Ag~avC't1']). BA. £Jt(G1']<; KwvmaVttv6nouAoc:; 1967, a. 115-128. 0 nugyoc:; mo mx.6JtEoo MugtaAA~, 6nwc:; cp<iv1']XE !!E 't1']V ng6ooo 't1']<; avaax.acp~c:;, 11 ono(a 6!-twc:; oEv oAoXA1']QW81']X.E, auvoEE'tm GE 6Ao wu 'to nA<iwc:; 'tWV 14 1-1· !-IE 'to 'tELXO<; (1-l~x.oc:; nugyou 19,20 !!-), 8u!!CSEt oE av<iAoyEc:; ota!-IOQcpooauc:; G't1'] LU!-\O, ~A. Samos XV, nugym 26 x.m 27, Etx.. 17, 39 x.m 40, aAA<i x.ugCwc:; m1'] La!-\o8g<ix.1'], H. Seyrig, Sur l'antiquite des remparts de Samothrace, BCH 51 (1927), a. 355, EtX.. 1. Lawrence, a. 379, EtX.. 83b.

19 II<izoc:; 6zt GUV1']8LG!!EVO (JE 'tEL)(1'], !-\OAOVO'tt JtOAU X.OVta mt<; LOEOOOEL£ otam<iaetc:; x.mCAwva 'tOV Bus<iV'tLO (A 80, 20).

31

-- ------~-- _____________ ,......r-------------- -

r -------------! l ~--------1 c:

<

32

IIAPATHPH~EI~ ~THN OXYPQ~H TH~ APXAI~ POL'lOY

A~£aw~ WOYtEQLX(A.wva (A 80, 10), 'l'J ono(a xm O't'l'JV JtEQ(mwa'l') 't'l'J~ P66ou EXEL 't'l'J ~ogcp-rl nA.mt::Ca~ o6ov, O't'l'JV ono(a xa,;aA.-rlyouv m w8vyga~~E~ o6o( •'l'J~ JtOA'l'J~· To nM,;o~ 't'l'J~ o6ov P40, 6nw~ EXEL ovo~aaEhc:(, cp8<ivEL ,;a 13,80 ~.2°. LE ~LXQtl an6maa'l') ~ngoma an6 w ,;t::Cxo~ uJt<iQXEL ngmt::Cxw~a yLa 't'l'JV t::vCaxua'l') 't'l'J~ a~uva~ (IICv. 3p). To JtQO'tELXLO~a EX'tELVE'taL ~EXQL 'tO O'l'j~E(o OJtO'U 'tO 'tELXO~ JtQOOtyy~EL 'tO QE~a ,;ou PoOLVLOV, cpumx6 a~uV'tLXO 6gw21

•

AxoA.ou8wv,;a~ 't'l'j yga~~tl 'tO'U QE~aLO~ 'tO 'tELXO~ cpa(VELaL Jt(!)~ xa~'tE'taL JtQO~ ,;a ~OQELa, acp-rlVOV'ta~ £1;w aJtO 'tOV JtEQL~OAO 't'l'j~ JtOA'l'j~ EVa ~EyaAO 't~tl~a 't'l'j~ O'l'j~EQLVtl~ JtEQLOXtl~ 'tOU ZEcpVQO'U22

•

Am6 £6EL1;av m JtQOXELQE~ wcp£~ EX'to~ •dxou~ nou £xouv xgovoA.oy'l')8E( mo 88 n.X., O'l')A.a6t1 't'l'J XQOVL<i 't'l'J~ noA.wgx(a~ ,;ou ML8QLO<i't'1']23

, m 'tE'tQ<iywvm nwao( AL~EvLxwv cyxmamaat::wv nou t::Cxav pg£8£( 1:0 1957 O't'l'JV oM Xag. Movaxou24

, xa8w~ xm ·~-rl~a 'tcCxou~ Jtou avaax<icp'l')XE ng6acpaw O't'l'JV COLa JtEQLOXt125

• H axavovLO't'l'J OL<i'tas'l'J ,;wv a1Jyxgovwv 6g6~wv mo O'l'J~E(o au1:6 aJtrJXEL Caw~ 'trJV £A.A.mjJrJ xavovLx-rl~ gu~o,;6~rJOrJ~ xma 'trJV agxmo•rJ•a26

•

To 'tELXO~ auvav,;a,;m xm JtUAL O't'l'JV JtEQLOXtl wu t::gyomaa(ou 't'l'J~ KAIP, 6nou xm xa~mE'taL a£ a~~AE(a ywv(a xm EVLOXVELaL ~E nvgyo a£ vt::ugaA.yLx6 OrJ~E(o yLa wv £A.cyxo 't'l'J~ 86.A.aaaa~27 (ELx. 3· IICv. 4a). Km aw ·~-rl~a wu au,;6 w 'tELXO~ 8a nagaxoA.ou8ovaE an6 xov,;a 'trJV ax,;oyga~~-rl, nou OEv EXEL LOLaht::ga ~Ewwma,;E( an6 'trJV aQXaLO't'l')'ta, 6nw~ anoOELXvVEL xm ng6acpmo EVQ'l')~a O't'l'JV oM Aumgaf.(a~28•

LrJ~aVLLXO yLa 'trJV £gt::uva t1Lav ~cyaA.o ·~-rl~a wu nagaA.Laxov 'tcCxou~ wu AL~£va 't'l'J~ AxaVLL<i~,

~-rlxou~ 118 ~., ~E JtE'taMaxrJ~O nvgyo, nou avaax<icp'l'JXE 1:0 196829 (mv. 4p). T'l'J 8£0r] ,;ou 'tcCxou~ O'trJV JtEQLOXtl wu McyaA.ou AL~£va ngoa6L6QLOE rJ avaaxacp-rl wu I. Kov,;-rl mov Ayw IIav't£AEt1~o-

20 na ngoo't'Yj cpoga obocrtQOO!AU'ta 't'Yl~ obou EvtonCmrpmv crtl)V avaoxacp~ 'tOV 'tECxov~ crtl)V 1tEQLOX~ wv AyCov ITavtEAE~!AOVa, IIAE 1955, 0. 276-277. rta 'tl)V oM, !)/... EnLOYj~ ALl 23 (1968), XQOVLXU, 0 . 445· 24 (1969), XQOVLxa, 0 . 453· 25 (1970), XQOVLXU, a. 500 X.E." 29 (1973-74), XQOVLXU, 0 . 968· 32 (1977), XQOVLXU, o. 346· 34 (1979), Xoovtxa, o. 412· 39 (1984), Xoovtxa, o. 314-351. na aME~ 'tthoLE~ nEQLqJEQEtax€~ obou~, !)/... Garlan, o. 341 xm Lawrence, o. 76.

21 To avawALXO'tEQO arcoxaf..V!A!AEVO 't~~~a wv nQO'tELXLa~moq; DLU't'YjQEL'tm m;a mx6mba AEI)Evtl) - ~OO'tYJQUXYJ -L'ltaxCDYJ- AAEtqJEQ6novf..ov,ALl 31 (1976), Xgovtxa, o. 386.

L'lvnx6'tEQa 'tO nagaxof..ov8ou~E m;a mx6nEba: ALl 24 (1969), Xgovtxa, o. 453-455 (Xaf..xt6novf..ov )· 31 (1976), Xgovtxa, o. 386 (<l>oo'taQa)· 32 (1977), Xgovtxa, o. 344-346 (KoovmavttvCDTJ- Kaxa)· 29 (1973-74), Xgovtxa, o. 951-961 (Iawou- raf..ma- Mavta- ITof..vxo6vTJ) xm 968-970 (KExayta)· 23 (1968), Xgovtxa, o. 447 (MnaxCQTJ- KagaytavvTJ)· 29 (1973-74), Xgovtxa, o. 959 (~axxovf..a- Ogcpavou- llYJ~ooCov).

22 ~'t'Ylv nEQLOX~ av't~ 'tO 'tELXO£ EXEL anoxaf..vcp8EC ma nagaxa'too otx6nEba: Xm~T]xav'taXYJ- Maf..f..taxa (1982, aDYJ~OOLEV't'Yj avaoxa~) xmALl 38 (1983), Xgovtxa, o. 389 (Nea KEvtQLX~ Aaxavayoga) .

23 Bg£8Yjxav w 1961 O't'YjV auf..~ wv nQWYJV EQyomao(ov ~AI<l>E,ALl 17 (1961-62), XQOVLXa, o. 302. 24 IIAE 1957, 0. 131-132, ELX. 4. 25 To 1989 mo mx6nEbo KaoanCOYJ, O't11 yoovCa 'tOOV oboov AyCov NtxoMov xm XaQ. Mouoxov, ~E ngooavmof..L

o~6 arc6 B. nQO£ N. ~E an6xALOYJ nQO£ BL'l.-NA., 6nov arcoxaf..Ucp8YJXE OE ~~xo~ 16,50 ~-(ALl 44 (1989), Xgovtxa, o. 474, OXED. 2, n(v. 265a).

26 ECvm yvoom;6 6n T] nOQELU nof..f..o)v oUYXQOVOOV oboov 't'Yl£ n6AYJ£ OV~L1t'tEL ~E UV't~ 't(I)V aoxaCoov oooov, vn68EOYJ nov EnaAT]8EU'tTJXE ~E 'tTJ OVO'tYJ~U'tLX~ EQEvva 'tTJ£ n6AYJ£. To mo yvoom;6 nagabELy~a ECvm am6 't'Yl£ obou Innmoov, nov btaMxSTJXE 'tTJV aoxaCa oM P5a. Bf... Inglieri, o. 18, UQL8. 24.1. Ko~q;,Iv,uj)o11j ar17 Qv,uoro,ufa TIJ~ aQxafar; P6-oov, Poooq; 1954, a. 13-14.

27 ALl 28 (1973), XQOVLXU, 0. 616. ITof..Mq; qJOQE~ ooSoyoovLOL nuoym 'tOno8E'tOUV'tUV OE a~j)AELE£ yoov(E~ 'tOV 'tELxovq; yta cYtQU't'YjYLXOU£ Myovq;. Adam 1982, 0. 49. Samos XV, nUQYO£ 20, ELX. 17. na 't'YjV 't0Jt08E'tl)Ol'j 'tE'tQUYOOVOOV 1tUQyoov oE yoov(E£ 'tELXWv, !)/... Winter 1971, o. 198.

28 Bf...ALl 47 (1992), XQovtxa, a. 635, nCv. 180E. 29 Bf...ALl 23 (1968), XQOVLXa, o. 443-446· Koovcrtavtw6novf..oq; 1967, o. 115-116· Winter 1992, a. 199-201.

33

MEAINA IAHMONOL-TI:OTIOTOY

ELx. 3. Tf!tJ!!U TOu TECxouc; mo mx6nE6o KAIP. K <iTmjJ'l'J.

va30. E6c6 to -ccCxo~ EXEL n:axo~ 4,10 lA-· xm 6ta8£-cu xvxA.tx6 m!gyo 6ta~-t£-cgov 11 1-1-·, yta -cov £A.cyxo

-cwv Mo A.q.t£vwv xm -cl'] q;UA.a/;1'] 'tl'J~ n:agaxcC~-tEVlJ~ mJAl]~31 (Etx. 4). ~vnx6-ccga <YUvav-ca~E to -ccCxo~ <nlJV oM IIM-cwvo~, <nlJ ~wmwvtxt1 n:6AlJ, ~tc ~-tty6.A.o cn:CalJ~

30 JIAE 1953, a. 275-278. IIAE 1954, a. 354-357. Winter 1992, a. 201-206. 31 H XQtJ(J'l'] T(J)V XUXALXoJV m)gywv ELVUL auxvmEQ'l'] aE ywvCEc; tj rtUAEc; TELXWV (Winter 1971, a. 194-195). 0 m)gyoc; Cl't'l']

8E(J'l'] amtj E8EWQELTO rtUVTU we; WWTEQLXO<; m)gyoc; TOU TELXOU<;. <<H 8£mc; TOU m)gyou ltQO<; TU UQLCJ'tEQU TOU ELaEQXOf,!EVOU OL<i T'l']c; mJA'l']c; aVTC T'l']<; xavovLxtjc; rtgoc; Ta oE!;L<i ocpECAETUL m: EL0Lx0Uc;, ayvwmouc; ngoc; TO nag6v A6youc;, <JXETLtof!EVouc; ngoc; T'l']V OLUf!OQcpwmv T'l']<; oxugwa£w<; EVTau8a» (J'l']f!ELWVEL o I. KoVTtjc;, IIAE 1954, a. 355. To cp8w6nwgo TOU 1994 TJ EX<J"',mcptj wu xavaALou yLU T'l']V TOrto8ET'l'](J'l'] TWV un6y£LWV OLxruwv Cl't'l'] f!WULWVLXtj n6ATJ T'l']<; P66ou ( £gya ~TIOL), aE 6f.o TO f!tJXo<; TWv o'\Jyxgovwv o6wv AAxaMcp xm Kw8wCou, an£6£t.l;£ mt TO tf!tJf!U TOu EAA'l'JVLO'tLXoU TELxouc; Cl't'l']V JtEQLOXtJ TOU AyCou llaVTEAEtJf!OVU OEV artOTEAOua£ T!J,tJf!U T'l']<; rtEQl[J.ETQOU TOU OJCUQWf!UTlXOU JtEQLB6Aou UMU OLE<JXLt£ we; av£s<iQT'l'JTO ax£Aoc; TO WtJf!U T'l']c; S'l']Q<ic; ~J,Eta!;U TOU Mcy<iAou ALf!EVa xm TOU AL!J,EVU T'l']<; AxaVTl<ic;. 'Etm AUVETm xm TO rtg6BATJ!J,U T'l']<; TOrto8ET'Y](J'l']c; TOu xuxAtxou m)gyou, o onoCoc; nMov OEv ngErtEL va 8£WQELtm wm£gLx6c;. ~Ev

yYWQ~O'Uf,IE TTJ [-!OQcptJ rtOU ElXE TO TELXO<;, TO OrtOlo UVTL[-lEToJJtLaE T'l']V JtOALOgx(a TOU ~'l']f!TJTQLOU, Cl't'l'] 8E(J'l'] amtj. B£Bmo E(vm oTt <icpTJvE EAEu8Ego TO [-tEyaAmEgo f!Ego<; Tou <<)(W[-tmoc;», OTJAa6tj Tou !J,WAou, nou xwgtt£ TOuc; Mo Alf!EV£c;. na TOV 6go <<XW!J,U>>, BA. A OgACiv6oc;- I. TgauA6r;, AE~tx6v aQxafwv OQXtTExrovtxwv 6Qwv, A8tjvm 1986, a. 266. H 8E(J'l'] amtj, nou ELXE avw[-!UATJ, Bgaxw61'] 6Laf!6gcpw(J'l'], ~QLaxmav mo £rtCx£VTQo Tou aywva xm>, TO ono(o (awe; rtQEJtEL va auv6£8£l f-IE TO T!J,tJf!U T'l']c; oxugw(J'l']c; av<if!WU moue; Mo ALf!EVEc;. llgBA. ~L66. XVI 12: ... xarwxevax6rwv

ilJro 8aJ..arrnc; elc; 86.Aaaaav &arcixw11a ... f £vtx<i yta T'l'J XQtJ(J'l'] t'l']<; AE~'l']c;, ~A. OgA<iv6oc; - TgauMc;, 6.n., a. 75. H Aav8aaf!EVTJ xA(f!axa nou unagxn mo axtow I Twv IIAE 1954 o6tjy'l']a£ TOV Winter 1992, a. 201 x.£., Cl't'l']V na

ga6oxtj OTL TO TElXO<; Cl'tl] auyxEXQLf!EVTJ 8E(J'l'] EXEl naxoc; 9 f-1· xm 0 nugyoc; OlUf!ETQO 22 [-!., xa8wc; xm aTTJ OlUTUJt(l)(J'l']

34

(

J

IIAPATHPH2:EI2: 2:THN OXYPQ2:H TH2: APXAIAL P06.0Y

mxxos 4,10 [!.32, JtOU 6ctXVEL Ott OAO to mJCYt1'][!a t1']s OXUQW01']s Ot1']V JtEQLOX~ tOU McyaA.ou At[!EVa,

onou EtXE y(vEt 11 [!£YUA1'J 8aA.aomv~ EJtC8W1'] tou ~1'][!1']tQ(ou, Evtoxu81']XE t6ta(tEQa.

'Ooov acpoga tov JtOAE[!tXo At[!£va tau Mav6gax(ou yvwgCSou[!E ott *av xi-.ELotos33, m8avws 6£

6t£8EtE t6taCtEQ1'J oxugwo1'] yta t1']V ngootao(a twv vEwgCwv nou ~g(oxovtav c6w34•

H votta, oxugwo11 t1']s no"-1'Js, t1']s onoCas onws cCna!!E 11 yga!!!!~ cCvm !!E !!£YaA.utEQ1'J ngoo£yyw11 yvwm~, nagoumasEL xm to [!tyaAlitEQO xmaoxcuaottxo Ev6tacp£gov. E6w £ytvE 6uvm~ [!E ~ao11 ta avaoxacptxa 6c60[!EVa 1'] tautt01'] tWV JtEQLqJ1'][!WV «qJUAaXt1']QLWV» JtOU avacp£govtm aJto toV <N

AWVa (A 80, 17-19)35• LE t[!~!!a tau EAA1'JVLcrttxou tcCxous xm crt1']V wwtEQLX~ tou JtAcUQa anoxaM

cp81']xav t£ooEQLs nwooC-avt1']QL6Es, a£ xavovtx£s anomaaw; 6 !!· [!Eta~u tous (Etx. 5). To nl-.atos auto avtaJtOXQLVEtat OtLs avayxEs tOJt08Et1']01']s twv EJtta XALVWV JtOU avacpEQEL 0 <NA.wv. 0 w. Hoepfner crt1'] ~ · £x6oo11 tou ~t~f-.(ou tou Haus und Stadt EJtLXELQEL [!La 6tacpogEttX~ anoxmacrta01']

ano t1']V nai-.LotEQ1'] twv Diels- Schramm36, nou Etvm mo xovta ota avaoxacptxa 6c6o[!£va xm 6£(

XVEL ott 11 xmaoxEu~ twv cpul-.axt1']QLWV EJtEtQE'ljJE t1'] 61'][!tougy(a [!Las nl-.attas nago6ou yta t1']V to

no8£t1']01'J tWV JtEtQO~OAWV [!1']XaVWV37.

!lLa~ aELgac; oovax6Aou8wv urro8£aEwv aE axta11 !lE ·w cpuAaxtljgta rrou OLa!logcpwvovwv cn11 gootaxlj oxugwOT] xatci wv <NAwva xm uc; 1111xav£c; rrou ljwv txavci va ocx8ouv. f'La ta cpuAaxtljgta, ~A. a11£awc; rragaxatw.

32 ALl 42 (1987), Xgovtxa, a. 583-584. EnCa11c; M. Filimonos, Stadtmauer und Stadtentwicklung, m;o Haus und Stadt2

, a. 53. 33 6.t6o. XX, 85. 34 BA. xm Haus und Stadt2

, a. 64. f'La wuc; vEwao(xouc; wu JtOAE!lLXOU AL!lfVa, ~A. D.J. Blackman, Ot AL!lEVEc; 1:11c; agxaCac; P6oou ( cn11v rragouaa £xOoOT], a. 41 x.E.). Elvm yvwatlj 11 Em~oAlj 8avattxljc; rrowljc; aE 6rrotov ELaxwgouaE XWQtc; ciOELa m;o Q00Lax6 vauma811o (2:tga~wv, XIV 653).

35 H. ZEg~ouocix11, ALl 25 (1970), Xgovtxa, a. 502. 'Etm OEV taxuEL rrMov 11 Otarr(mwa11 wu Lawrence, a. 363: <<none of the few remnants yet discovered under the modern town bears any evident relation to his specifications for curtains of this Rhodian pattern, nor has anything of the sort been preserved elsewhere>> lj wu Garlan, a. 347, 17a: «Aucune trace n'a encore ete decouverte, dans cette ville des amenagements decrits par Philon>>.

36 H. Diels - E. Schramm, Excerpte a us Philons Mechanik, I, 1920, a. 17-19. EnCa11c; Kromayer - Weith, 6.Jt. ( urroa111l· 4), a. 236, rr(v. 25, ELx. 80. Kovrljc; 1963, ax£o. 3.

37 Haus und Stadt2, a. 54-57, ELX. 44. To arroxaAU~L!lEVo JtAciwc; wu tcCxouc; E(vm 3,40 ll·, EVW m OtacnciaELc; twv axco6v tEtgciywvwv maawv rrou mljgtsav ta t6sa twv cpuAaXT11Qtwv Etvm mo xovtci auc; OtacnciaELc; rrou O(vEL o <1>(Awv, !lE JtAEuga yugw ma 5,50 ll· Ot avt11QLOEc; aut£c; EvaUciaaovrm aE xavovtx£c; arromaanc; 6 ll· !lE !lLXQOTEQEc;, otamaaEwv 4x3 ll·

35

MEAINA IAHMONOL-TLOIIOTOY

,..-;

I

I I

I '-------'

. -------' __.:...-.--- ··-----

0 0 r p H r 0 p 0

Etx. 5. Tf.tlif.la tau tcCxout; m'l]v oM fg'l]yogCou E ·. Kato'l/J1'J.

Mu~g6tegwv cham;aaewv nwaoC, aA.A.a 'tTJQWvta; tTJV Cota an6maaTJ twv 6 1-L· [lEtas'lJ wu;, unagxouv xm mo teCxo; ,;ou AL[lEVa 'tTJS Axavtta;, to onoCo naQoumateL 'tO [lLXQ6t£QO [lEXQL tWQa &tamatW[lEVo naxo; 2,05 1-L· (IICv. Sa). Km eow EQ[lTJVEV8TJxav an6 tov fQ. Kwvmavrtv6nouA.o w; nwaoC yta 'tTJ O't~QLSTJ t6swv, nou JtQOcpavw; 8a unoat~QLtav 'tTJV JtUQOOO LOU teCxou;38

.

lOtaL't£QO £VOtacpEQOV :JLaQOUOLatet 'tO 't[l~[la LOU teCxou; JtOU £LX£ anoxaA.ucp8e( en( L'taAOXQatCa; O'tTJV oM fQTJYOQCou wu E'39• To t!l~!la auto ~gCaxetm noM xovta mo xeC[laQQO wu Pootvtov, wv onoCo ex!le,;aA.A.emTJxe yta 'tTJV evCaxucrTJ 'tTJ; a[luvttx~; yQa!l!l~;40 (Etx. 2, A). Eow nQ£n£L va Ota[lOQcpwvnm [leyaA.o; OQ8oywvws n'lJQyo;, !l~x. 16 xm awt, nA.. 13 1-L· Eav JtQUY[latL JtQOX£ttm

38 ALl 23 (1968), Xgovtxci, a. 445, axtb. 7. 39 ClRh I (1928), a. 44-45. 40 XagaXtr]QLO'tLX6 av xm axga(o nagciOELYf.lU XQ1'JOLf!OrtOC1']01']t; Ev6t; notaf!OU atov Uf.l'UvtLx6 axcbtaaf.t6 f.tLUt; n6-

A'I]t; E(vm auto tou tECxout; t'l]t; MavttvECat;, 6nou o notaf.t6t; 'Ocptt;, f!Etci t'I]V Extgonli tou, oumamtxci rtEQLE~at.E oMXA'I]Q'I] tr]V oxugwa'l] t'l]t; n6f.1']t;, 6nwt; autli btaf.lOQcp<.681']XE f!Eta t'l] f.lUX1'J twv A Euxtgwv (371 n.X.). Bt.. xm Adam 1992, a. 5.

36

IIAP ATHPH2:EI2: ITHN OXYPQIH THI APXAIAL POLlOY

yLa nvgyo ngoxaA.c:C £xnA.11~11 1:0 aa11v~8w,;a !!EyciA.o ncixo~ 'tuN ,;mzw!!ci,;wv 1:011 CYt1'J 8E!!EA.Cwa1'], no11 c:Cvm 3,50 !!·, Cll']A.a()~ Cao !!E am6 ,;wv !!WOJt11QyCwv cn:o av,;Ccn:mxo v'lj!o~. L'tl']V ng6ao'lj!1'] 1:011 nvgyo11 avo(yc:,;m CJ'tEV~ xci8E't1'] Jt11A(C\a, JtA. 1,60 !!·, Jt011 xaA.Vmc:,;m !!E 'tQaJtEtLOELCl£~ EXCjlOQLXO 1:0~0. LlEV-1:EQ1'] n11A.C6a 11Jt<iQXEL CYtl']V agx~ 1:011 avmoA.Lxov JtAE11QLxov 1:011 ,;mxw11mo~41 • OL n11A.CC\c:~ azc:,;(tov,;m cX!!Eaa !!E 1:1'] CYtQa'tLW'tLX~ 'taX'tLX~ 'tWV aLCjlVLClLWV EJtL8E'tLXWV E~OQ!!~GEWV yLa 'tl']V Xa'taCJ'tQOCjl~ ,;wv !!YIXavwv 1:011 c:z8gov, no11 m11MxLcn:ov a,;Yl P66o c:cpaQ!!OCYt1'JXE ~611 xmci 1:11 6LciQXELa 1:11~ ngw-1:1']~ noA.wgxCa~42• 'O!!mE~ n11A.CC\c:~ c:Cvm ogm£~ xm ac: ciA.A.a 't!!~!!a,;a 1:011 v61:w11 ,;c:Cxo11~43 •

To JtQ6~"-1111a 1:1']~ zgovoMy1']CJ1']~ 1:011 ,;ECzo11~ c:Cxc: ,;c:8c:C an6 vwgC~. 'HC\11 o I. Kov,;~~ ClLamcn:wvEL: «ClEV cpaCvc:,;m m8av6v 6u 11 ozvgwm~ 1:11~ c:nox~~ ,;av'tl']~ (611A.a6~ 1:011 305 n.X.) zwgC~ va EXEL avaxmaaxE11aa8c:C c:v ,;w !!E'ta~v ~ 1:011AcXXLG'tOV va EXEL 11nocn:~ ~amx~v !!E'taaxc:11~v, c:Cvm c:xc:Cv11 ClLci 'tl']V onoCav O!!LA.ovv !!E'tci 8a11!!aG!!OV m !!E'tayc:v£a,;c:gm avyygacpc:C~»44 • 0 Winter ac: ng6acpmo cig-8go 1:011 anoxA.c:CEL 'tl']V ,;av1:LCJ1'] 1:11~ ozvgwal']~ no11 anoxaA.Vmnm CYtl'] avyzgov11 n6A.1'] !!E a111:~ no11 6£x811xc: 't1'JV mC8E01'J 1:011 Ll1']!!1'J1:QL011 xm 8c:wgc:C 61:L ,;a ,;c:CxYI 1:11~ P66o11, 6nw~ awtov,;m a~!!EQa, ocpc:CA.ov,;m CYtl']V avaxmaaxc:11~ 1:011~ !!E'tci 1:0 ac:w!!61:o11 227 n.X., 8c:wgwv,;a~ O'tL yvgw cn:o 300 n.X. *av ciyvwcn:a ,;6ao WX11Qci xm a'()v8c:w 1:ELX1'J45

•

Qcn:6ao, !!La CJELQci an6 avaaxacpLxci cn:mxc:Ca anoClELxvvovv O'tL 1:0 EAA1'JVLCYtLX6 ,;c:Cxo~ z,;Ca'tl']XE CJ'tl'] 8£01'] CJ'tl']V OJto(a a~ !!EQa ~QLCJXE'taL cn:o a ' 'tE'taQ'tO 1:011 3011 m. Jt.X., Cl1']Aa6~ a!!EGW~ !!E'tcX 'tl']V JtOALOQXLa. Onwa6~no,;c: 11Ca !!E'taaxE11~ ,;wv 'tELXWV !!E'tci 1:0 CJELG!!O 1:011 227 n.X. c:Cvm ~£~m1'], 6nw~ !!aQ1:11QEL ,;6ao o IloA.V~w~ (V 88, 1 ): lv c[J avvif3n r6v re xo?coaa6v rov piya nwefv xai ra n?cefara rwv THXWV xai TWV VEWQiWV, aA.A.ci xm JtALV8m CJE ClEV'tEQl'] XQ~Gl'] Jt011 EX011V EVGW!!a1:W8E( CYtO 1:ELX0~46 •

A11£aw~ £~w an6 1:0 !!EyciA.o 't!!~!!a 1:011 EAAl']VLCYtLxov ,;c:Czo11~ CYtl']V oM M. Kwvcn:av,;Cvo11 £xovv avaaxacpc:C xm Cl1'J!!OOLE118EC an6 'tl']V Hw Zc:g~o11Mx11 21,;acpLx£~ 8~xc:~ no11 zgovoA.oyovv,;m cn:o a' xm ~ ' ,;£,;agm 1:011 3o11 m. n.X47

• H 6La!!6Qcpw~ 1:011~ !!Eaa CYtl'] cn:gwa11 1:11~ A.mvJtl']~, no11 onwa()~no,;c: azc:,;(tc:,;m !!E 'tl']V xa,;aaX£11~ 1:011 1:ELX011~, aJtOClELXVVEL on o,;av £yLVaV m 1:acp£~ 1:0 'tELXO~ ~611 11Jt~QXE, 6LanCcn:wa11 Jt011 11a~ o61']yc:C CYtl'] zgovoMyl']a~ 1:011 a,;ov JtQWL!!O 3o m. n.X.

H zgovoMy1']CJ1'] a111:~ EJtL~E~mw81']xE 1:0 1987, !!E 'tl']V avaaxacp~ cn:o mx. Maga~£A.La CYtl']V xagClLci 1:11~ !!WmwvLx~~ n6A.1']~48 • EC\w avaaxcicpl']XE !!EyciA.o 't!!~!!a 1:011 c:A.A.l']VLCYtLxov 1:c:Cxo11~ no11 JtEQLE~aA.A.c: 1:0 McyciA.o AL!!EVa, 1:0 onoCo axoA.o118wv,;a~ mv xavovLx6 LJtJto6ci!!ELO ngoaavamA.La!!6 1:11~ n6A.1']~ GX1'J!!a"t(tEL og8~ ywvCa (I1Cv. 5~). T!!~!!a 1:011 ,;c:Cxo11~ amov, av!!JtA1']QW!!£vo cn:o c:ncivw 1:!!~!-la 1:011, c:vaw!!mW81']XE agy6,;c:ga CYtl'] ~11taV1:LV~ ozvgwa1']49

• LE c:nacp~ !!E 'tl']V ECJ(!)'tEQLX~ JtAE11QcX 1:011 1:c:Cxo11~ ~g£81']XE ano8£1:11~ !!E ayyc:Ca, ,;a onoCa xgovoA.oyovv,;m cn:o a' ,;£,;ag,;o 1:011 3o11 m. n.X. (TICv. 6a). AvacpEQ011!!E xagaX'tl']QW'tLXci:

41 llg~A.. ·w:; n:uA.Co£~ mou<; mlgyou~ 't1']~ Mavnv£Ca~, Winter 1971, a. 240. OL mlgym -r:ou -r:cCzou~ 'tl]~ laaou oL£8£-r:av an6 ouo n:uA.Co£~ a£ x<i8£ n:A.cug<i wu~, ~A.. Lawrence, a. 338, £LX. 33 xm Adam 1982, a. 93, £LX. 65.

42 H -r:ax-r:Lx~ 't1'J~ £m8E'tLX~~ Uf!UVU~ UQXLSH va naCSH 01']f!UVnx6 g6A.o an6 -r:a 'tfA1'J wu 4ou m. n.X. BA.. xm McNicol!, a. 309. Km<i wv Winter 1971, a. 240, m n:oA.A.f~ n:uA.Co£~ mo La6y£w 'tOlV n:ugyoov -r:ou -r:cCzou~ 't1']~ Mav-r:LvcCa~ ~01'] mov 4o m. n.X. oL£ux6A.uvav -r:£-r:m£<; Uf!UV'tLXf~ £m8£a£L~.

43 2:-r:o 'tf!~f!a wu 'tcCzou~ mo mxooOf!LX6 -r:ng<iyoovo f!£-r:a~u -r:oov oowv M. Koovmav-r:Cvou, ragL~ciA.01'] xm 2:-r:ccp. KatouA.1'],AL1 32 (1977), XgovLx<i, a. 344-346 xmM 33 (1978), XgovLx<i, a. 397.

44 Kov-r:~~ 1963, a. 89. 45 Winter 1992, a. 207. 'E-r:m auv-r:aaa£-r:m f!£ 't1'JV n:agaoomax~ zgovoA6y1']01'] yLa -r:ov CAoova mov uat£QO 3om.

n.X., UJtOQQLJt'tOV'tU~ 't1'] auyygacp~ 't1']~ IloAtoQXT]r:tXrj~ yugoo m;o 240 n:.X., m( 11WA£[!UL01J r ', 6noo~ OfXE'taL o Lawrence, a. 71.

46 BA.. £nCa1']~ Kov-r:~~ 1963, a. 89 xm Koovmav-r:w6nouA.o~ 1967, a. 127. 47M 28 (1973), XgovLx<i, a. 610-614 xmM 33 (1978), XgovLxci, a. 397. 48 BA.. xm n:agan:<ivoo a. 33. 49 na 't1'JV n:og£Ca wu ~utav-r:wou -r:cCxou~, B"-· E. Kollias, The City of Rhodes and the Palace of the Grand Master,

Athens 1988, a. 61, axeo. I, UQL8. 4.

37

MEAINA IAHMONOI-n:OIIOTOY

Mugo&ox£Co, f!E ygam:£~ TmvC£~ m:ov Wf!O, £AAtrr:£~ m:o AULf!O (Il11013)50 (IICv. 7&). '0/crr:'Y], £AAL;rr:~~ m:o X£tAo~ xm T'YJ A.a~~ (II11019)· xaA.um:nm f!E f!aUQ'YJ ~a<p~ £XT6~ arr:6 To xaf!'YJAOTEQO Tf!~!La TOU OW[LaTO~ xm T'Y] ~aO'Y] T'Y]~51 (IlCv. 7£ ). IlQOXOU~ a~a<p'Y], axEQUL'Y] (Il11017)52 (IlCv. 7~). IlQOXOU~ a~acp'Yj, ouyxoAA'Y][LEV'Y] (II14968)53 (IICv. 7a). T[L~[La X£LAOU~ aCOTOU oxucpou f!E ygarr:T~ TULVLCOT~ &taXOO[L'Y]O'Y] (II14980)54 (IICv. 7m:). Ilgoxou~ a~acp'Y], ouyxoAA'Y]f!EV'Y] (Il11018)55 (IICv. 7y). ATTLXO~ f!£Aa[L~acp~~ ga~DCOTO~ xav8ago~, f!E &taXOO[L'Y]O'Y] TUJtOU «LlUTLX~~ XALTUO~» m:o AUL[LO, £AALJt~~

(Il14967)56 (IICv. 71;). 'Omgaxo f!£Aaf!~acpou~ xav8agou f!£ &tax60f!'YJO'YJ TUrr:ou «LlUTtx~~ XALTUO~» (Il14981)57 (IlCv. 7'Y]). IlQWLf!O~ o~urr:U8[L£VO~ QOOtax6~ a[LcpOQEa~, aocpgaytmo~, auyxoAA'Y]f!EVO~ (A 699)58 (Il(v. 6~). H arr:68W'Y] TCOV ayy£(COV JtQOUJt08ET£L T'Y]V urr:aQ~'Y] TOU T£LXOU~, TOU orr:o(ou T'Y]V xmaox£u~ f!JtOQOUf!£ va TOrr:o8£T~OOUf!£ f!£ ~£~ULOT'Y]Ta OTO a' TETaQTO TOU 3ou m. rr:.X.

H avaoxacp~ Of!CO~ am~ £cp£Q£ oTO cpco~ xm xau O'YJf!aVTLXOTEQO. Arr:oxaMcp8'Y]X£ TOLXO~, A.o~6~ CO~ JtQO~ T'Y] QU[WTO[L(a T'Y]~ JtOA'Y]~, [L~X. 20 fL. xm rr:ax. fLOAt~ 60 EX., XTLO[LEVO~ [L£ xaVOVLXE~ og8oywVL£~ ;rr:A,(v8ou~ f!£ to6&o[Lo aUOT'Y][ta. LTO f!EOOV rr:£g(rr:ou TOU arr:oxaA.ucp8£vTO~ Tf!~[Lm6~ Tou urr:aQXEL T£Tgaycovo~ rr:ugyo~, rr:A.cuga~ 6 fL., TOu orr:o(ou Ta TOLXWf!ma cCxav £rr:(OrJ~ rr:axo~ f!La~ rr:A.Cv8ou (IICv. Sa). Ot £~COT£Qtx£~ &tamao£t~ TOu rr:ugyou aVTarr:oxg(vovTm m:t~ arr:mT~O£t~ cyxmamao'YJ~ Tcov rr:£TQo~6A.cov !L'YJxavwv rr:ou XQ'YJOLf!OJtO(rJoav OL P6&tm £VaVT(ov Tou Ll'Y]f!'YJTQ(ou59

• H rr:agouo(a TOUT£TQaycovou rr:ugyou f!£ xA.C[Laxa av6&ou oTOv 6gocpo, aAA.a xm Ta xgovoA.oytxa mmxcCa T'YJ~ avaoxacp~~' o&~y'Y]oav OTO OU!!Jr:EQaO[La 6u EXOUf!£ va xavouf!£ f!E TO rr:gwTO TcCxo~ T'YJ~ rr:6A'Y]~, TO orr:oCo OUf!cpcova [L£ T'Y] [LaQTUQ(a TOU LlLOOWQOU (XX 86, 2) ~Tav: ao8EVEt; xai TaJrELVOV EXEivmt; iOlt; XatQOlt;. To aouv~8taTa [LLXQO rr:axo~ aUTOU TOU T£LXOU~, TO orr:o(o £LVaL OUXVO 0£ JtQWL[LOU~ rr:ugyou~60 aAAa OX£&6v rr:ou8£Va 0£V arr:avTaTUL 0£ f!EOOJtUQyLO, £Q[L'Y]V£U£L TOOO TO y£yov6~ OTLTO T£LXO~ 0£V aVT£~£ OT'Y] f!EyaA'Y] rr:A~f!fLUQa TOU 316 rr:.X. xm £orr:ao£, acp~vovTa~ TO VEQO va ~£XU8£( <Yt'YJ 8aA.aooa (L'lt6&. XIX 45, 6), 000 XUL TO y£yov6~ OTL xma T'Y] 0LaQX£ta T'Y]~ JtOALOQX(a~ 0 Ll'Y][L*QLO~: ifj {lEV DlEOEWE, Tfj DE xar8f3aJcE ro rElxot; (L'lt6&. XX 86, 2). Ot P6&tot xma T'YJ &tagxaa T'YJ~ rr:oA.wgx(a~ cCxav auv£tD'Y]TO-

50 TuJto£ A. llg~l.. TacpLxa m:ivol.a P6bou, a. 59,11887 xm 11888. 51 llg~l.. 6.n., a. 70. 52 'O.n., a. 69. 53 'O.Jt. 54 IIQ~A. A. navvLXOUQ~- B. llmmaM- M. <l>LA~f!OVO£, Xgovol.oytxa JtQO~A~[tata ygam~£ XEQCX[!ELX~£ an6 't'l']

P6bo, B' EnivvE)J.KEQ, AS~va 1990, a. 173-174. 55 'O.n., a. 174-175. 56 na w ax~f!a, ~!.. R. Young, Sepulturae intra urbem, Hesperia XX (1951), a. 123, Pyre 7, agt8. 5, nCv. 52a. K.

Braun, Der Dipylon-Brunnen Bl. Die Fun de, AM 85 (1970), a. 142, agt8. 100, nCv. 58. 57 llg~I..Alt-.r(gina II 1, a. 69, agt8. 475, nCv. 37. 58 llg~A. E. Vanderpool - J. McCredie -A. Steinberg, Koroni: A Ptolemaic Camp on the East Coast of Attica,

Hesperia XXXI (1962), a. 33, agt8. 5, nCv. 19. 59 Winter 1992, a. 193. Aval.oyE£ btaataaEL£ £xouv xm al.l.m JtQWLf!OL rc6gym tou 4ou m. n.X., ~!.. Josiah Ober,

Early Artillery Towers: Messenia, Boiotia, Attica, Megarid, AlA 91 (1987), a. 569-604. llgocpavw£ o m!gyo£ auto£ av~xEL atrJ YEVLU twv «pre-artillery towers>> xma tOV F. W. Marsden, Greek and Roman Artillery. Historical Development, Oxford 1969, a. 138. Qm6ao, 1'] avayxT) avtLf!EtoomaT)£ tou ~TJf!T)tQCou f!E mo d;EALYf!Eva 6nl.a ob~yT)aE tOU£ PooCou£ OtrJV Eyxataataa~ tOU£ aE 8£aEL£ EXtO£ tou tECxou£: ova f1EV ovv i!arnaav 1111Xava~ £ni rov xw11aro~, TfJEL~ 6' £ni cpoQrnywv nA-oiwv nA-naiov rwv xA-Ei8Qwv rov flLX(JoD ALf1EVo~, £v 6£ ravrat~ i!Bnxav nA-ii8o~ 61;vf3dwv xai nETQOf36A,wv n:avroiwv TO[~ fJ,I::y£8EOLV, OJTW~, Eav TE an:of3t{3at,wmv o[ JTOAEfJ,LOL JT(JO~ TO XWfJ,a, OT(Jaru!Jra~ av TE ra~ f111XaVa~ JT(JOaaywm, &a rovrwv aurov~ dQyW8at rij~ £mf3oA,ij~ (~LOO. XX 85, 4). OL JtALV80L 'WU rc6gyou OU[!JtAEXOVtm f!E autf£ tou tELXOU£, 6nw£ auvT)8Ls6tav atL£ JtQWLf!E~ xataaxEUE£, avtC8Eta f!E tov CI.wva (A 84, 62-63) nov OUf!~oui.EuEL to avtC8Eto. Bl.. xm Winter 1971, a. 167. ME tT)V ng6obo tT)£ JtOALOQXT)tLX~£ OL nugym anoxtouv CXQXLtEX'WVLX~ auwvo[!Ca aE ax£OTJ f!E ta f!EOOJtugyLa. Bl.. Garlan, a. 196.

60 Ober, 6.n. Winter 1971, a. 171-172. Lawrence, a. 221-222.

38

IIAPATHPH2:EI2: 2:THN OXYPQ2:H TH2: APXAIAL POL10Y

rcotijOEL 6-n TO t£Cxo<; nov ECxav XtLOEL a[lEOW<; [lEta tl']V (OQ'UOl'J tl']<; JtOAl']<; tou<; TO 408 rc.X. OEV avtarcoxgtv6tav rcMov Ott<; arcattijOEL<; tl']<; JtOALOQXl']tLXij<; tEXVl']<;, JtO'U £LX£ JCQOOOEUOEL JtOAU, X'UQLW<; OTO ~ . [lLOO tO'U 4ou m. rc.X. 61

• H £yvma tO'U<; autij yta tl']V avTOxij t(J)V tELXWV cpaLVEtaL an6 ta XWQLa to'U ~wowgou, ouf!cpwva fl£ ta orco(a m Pootm xaraaxt:vaaav evros ETEQOV raxos naQ6)) .. nA.ov up !J.EAA.ovu novt:i"v xara ras JtQoaf3oA.Cxs (~too. XX 93, 1), aA.M xm rcagaxatw r]Jxo06tJ.naav TQirov raxos tJ.nvoeu'5Es (~too. XX 97, 4). H EVEQYl'JtLxij ~oij8£ta tou m6A.ov, m ouxv£<; £m8£ttx£<; E~OQ[lijOEL<; twv a[l'UVO[lEVWV EXtO<; tWV tELXWV xm 0 agtto<; [ll']XaVLXO<; E~OJtALO[lO<; tO'U<; (yEyovo<; JtO'U 8au[laO£ XaL o LOW<; o ~llfliitgw<; [lEta arco flLa fl£YaAl'J vuxtEQLvij £JtC8EOl'J twv PoOLwv EvavtCov tou, orcot£ ouflcpwva [l£ toY ~LOOWQO E8avtJ.al;t: n)v XOQnyiav Tfis JtOAEWs xai n)v EV TOVTOLs Dat/JiAEWV (XX 97, 2), aAAa X'UQLW<; tO o8£vo<; to'U<;, cpaLVEtaL JtW<; ijtav avta JtO'U £owoav tl']V JtOAl'] Xata tl'] (haQXELa tl']<; [lEyaAl']<; JtOALOQXLa<;62

•

Mta 0£UtEQl'J avaoxacpij xovta Otl']V EXXAl'JOLa tou AyLo'U gayxLoxou to 198963 arcoxaA.mjJ£ t[lij[la tELXO'U<;, O[lOLa<; XataOXE'Uij<; [l£ to JtQOl'JYOU[lEVO xm [l£ AO~O EJtLOl']<; W<; JtQO<; tl'] Q'U[lOtO[lLa tl']<; JtOAl'J<; rcgooavatoALOflO (I1Lv. 8~). H 8£ol'] tou tELXOV<; avtou oto flEOov JtEQLJtou tl']<; EAAl'JVLOttxij<; JtOAl']<;, nov xgovoA.oyE(tm an6 ta E'UQij[lata EJtLOl']<; mov 4o m. rc.X., OELXVEL 6tt ll xA.amxij JtOAl'J tl']<; P6oov £LX£ agx£ta flLXQOtEQl'J £xtaol'] an6 autij twv EAAl'JVLOttxwv xgovwv64 • Ext6<; twv t£txwv rcg£JtEL va £LX£ acp£8£L £va [lEyaA.o t[lij[la oto v6tw xm vottoavmoA.tx6 Jt£0tv6 t[lij[la tl']<;, to oJtOLO Jt£QL£Aijcp8l'] Otl']V oxugwoll ott<; agx£<; tou 3ou m. rc.X. 'HOl'] to 1970 11 EUQEOl'J EVO<; tacpou tou a· [lLoou tou 4ou m. rc.X. EOWtEQLXa tl']<; yga[l[lij<; tou v6twu t£Cxou<; £LX£ OOl']yijoEL Otl'J OtaJtLatWOl'J ott mov 4o m. to tE(Xo<; DO]QXETO avaroALxriJTEQOv6S, agx£ta ~OQELOtEQa 8a Mya[l£ oij[!EQa. llavtw<; OTl'JV E'UQUtEQl'J autij JtEQLOXii OEv Otamotwvovtm avaoxacptxa tacpm, yqov6<; nov OELXVEL ott m8avc6<; m P6otm ELXav rcgoyga[l[latLOEL tl'] [lEAAOVttxij m£xtaOl'J tl']<; JtOAl']<; tou<; xm tl']V EX[l£taAA£'UOl'J avtou tO'U Jt£0LVOU t[lij[latO<; yta tL<; OLXLOtLXE<; to'U<; avayx£<;66. H avayxm6tl'jta [lEtatOJtLOl']<; to'U t£L

xou<; cpavl'JXE tOLaLtEQa [lEta tl'] flEYa"-ll rcoA.wgxLa tou ~llfll'JtQCou, xma tl']V t£A£vtaLa cpaOl'J tl']<; onoCa<; JtQOXWQl'JOc Otl']V JtQOEtm[laOLa tou XEQOaLou xwgou mo v6tw t[lij[la tl']<; JtOAl'J<;, 6nov 8a XLvt6tav ll EMrcoA.t<;, xm avt:xaeaQE rov r6nov eni araDiovs rerraQas, & ' wv EfJ.EAAEv nQoaal;n v ras xaraaxt:vaa8t:iaas tJ.nxavas, warE yivwem ro lQyov eni tJ.fixos tJ.WonvQyiwv £!; xai nl!Qywv £nra (~LOO. XX 91, 8). To JtLo rcg6ocpogo t[lij[la yta va JtQOO£YYLO£L to tcCxo<; xtvwvta<; tL<; oyxwOEL<; rcoALOQXl']tLXE<; TO'U flllxav£<; 0£ [!ijxo<; tEOoagwv ataOLWV, Ol']AaOij oxcMv 800 fl., ijtav to VotLOaVatOALXO auto t[lij[la Otl']V JtcQLcpEQELa tl']<; xA.amxij<; Jt0Al']<;67. AuLij ll OO'UVl'jQij Jtc(ga ooijyl']Oc tO'U<; Poo(O'U<; [leta to JtEQa<; tl']<; rcoA.wgxCa<; va cvwxuoouv LOtaCtcga to v6tto xm arco0£0£LYflEVa rcw cuaA.wto t[lij[la tl']<; oxugwoij<; tO'U<;, t6oo [lc tl'] v£a qxataotaoij tO'U xovta 0£ cp'UOLXE<; a[l'UVtLXE<; yga[l[lE<;68 6oo xm [lc tl']V LOX'UQij XataOXc'Uij tO'U XaL tl']V Jtgoo8ijxl'j JtQotELXLO[lato<;.

61 To 'tE(xoc:; JtO'U JtOALOQX11aE 0 L111[tr]'tQLOc:; ELXE JtQocpavwc:; xnmE( 6-r:av LI\QU811XE 11 Jt0A11 't(l)V Pol\(wv, I\11Aal\lj JtEQLJtO'U Evav mwva JtQLV an6 1:11v noA.wgx(a, xm ELXE ~EmgamE( an6 -r:11v E~EAL~11 1:11c:; noALOQX11nxijc:;. BA.. xm Winter 1992, a. 190.

62 BA. xm Kov-r:ijc:; 1963, a. 89. 63 ALl 44 (1989), XQOVLXU, a. 487-489, axEl\. 10 (mx. <Pgayxwx<ix11)-64 BA. xm Haus und Stadt2, a. 53. 65 ALl 25 (1970), XgovLxa, a. 503. 66 IlL8avwc:; 0't11V JtEQLOXi\ au-r:ij UJti\QXUV JtQWL[tEc:; EJtUUAELc:; ( E(vm yvwmij 11 La'tOQ(a 1:11c:; 0'UVUV't1101lc:; W'U L111rt111:QL

O'U ftE w ~wygcicpo IIgwwyEV11 nou nagai\CI\EL o IIA.Cvwc:;), cpmVOftEVO yvwm6 xm an6 aAAEc:; JtOAELc:; nou EJtEX'tE(vouv -r:a 'tELX11 wuc:; yLa va nc:; JtEQLA<iBouv, B"-· Lawrence, a. 121.

67 BA. xm Kov-r:ijc:; 1963, a. 85 xm Winter 1992, a. 190. 68 ME -r:11v E~EAL~11 -r:11c:; JtOALOQX11'tLxijc:; mga-r:11yLxij a11rtaa(a yLa 1:11v <irtuva -r:11c:; n6A.11c:; ECXE 11 mxoMrt11a11 wu -r:ECxouc:;

a£ -r:E-r:ma 8Ea11, wmE va JtEQLAartB<iva 6A.a -r:a cpumxci u'ljJ<Drtma yLa -r:ov EAEYXO wu xwgou [tJtQoma an6 1:11v oxugwa11. Am6 ol\ijy11aE m11 l\11rtLougyCa [tEyciA.wv oxugw[ta-r:Lxwv JtEQLB6A.wv, nou ECxav ftLXQij axEa11 ftE -r:11v xawLX11ftEV11 mgwxij. BA.. McNicol!, a. 308.

39

MEAINA IAHMONOI-TLOIIOTOY

ME Tt]V Ert£x:ta01'] T'l']c:; rt6A1']c:; muc:; rtgoc:; N. m P6chm ~Q~xav xm TOV xmaAA'l']AO xwgo yLa va mxo6o[!~Oouv 1:0 rtEQL<Jl'l'][!O IILoAE[!a(o - fu[!v<imo, 6nwc:; artoDELxvuouv 1:a avaoxacpLxa DEDO[!EVa -, TETQ<iywvo XTLQLO rtAE1JQac:; Ev6c:; OTa6(ou, yLa va EuzaQLOT~oouv mv IILoAE[!a(o mv A' yLa 1:1'] ~o~-8ELa Jt01J muc:; JtQOOEcpEQE xma 1:1'] DLUQXELa T'l']c:; JtOALOQX(ac:;69

• H 1:0rt08E1:1']01'] Ev6c:; 1:000 EX1:El'U[!EV01J XTLQL01J 8a ~TaV ortwo6~rt01:E JtQO~A'l'][!UTLX~ [!EOa Ol''l']V ~61'] art6 £vav mwva XUTOLX'l'][!EV'l'] JtOA'l'], EVW 1'] ErtLAOY~ T'l']c:; 8£o1']c:; 1:01) (owe:; DEV ELVaL UOXET'l'] [!E 1:0 XWQO 0Jt01J EAa~av xwga OL mo DQU[,lal'LXEc:; 01)

YXQOUOELc:; OT'l']V TEAEma(a cpao11 T'l']c:; rtOALOQx(ac:;.

Adam 1982 Adam 1992

Garlan Haus und Stadt2

Inglieri Kovt~£ 1963

Kwvm:avtLvonouA.o£ 1967

Konstantinopoulos 1988

Lawrence McNicoll

SamosXV TacpLXU auvoA.a P66ov

Winter 1971 Winter 1992

Jean-Pierre Adam, L'architecture militaire grecque, Paris 1982. Jean-Pierre Adam, Approche et defense des portes dans le monde hellenise, m:oFortificationes Antiquae, Amsterdam 1992, a. 5-43. Yvon Garlan, Recherches de poliorcetique grecque, Paris 1974. W. Hoepfner - E.L. Schwandner, Haus und Stadt im klassischen Griechenland, 21'] £x6., Miinchen 1994. R.U. Inglieri, Carta archeologica dell'isola di Rodi, Firenze 1936. I. Kovt~£, Ta agxaCa tELX'Y] t'Y]£ P66ou, M£go£ A: OL auyygacpEL£,ALl 18 (1963), MEMtE£, a. 76-94. fg. Kwvm:aVTwonouA.o£, Poowxa II: Tiugym t'Y]£ EAA'Y]VLatLX~£ goOLaX~£ oxugwaEW£,AE 1967, a. 115-128. Gr. Konstantinopoulos, Stadtebau in hellenistischen Rhodos, Akten des XIII. Internationalen Kongresses fiir Klassische Archiiologie, Berlin 1988, 1990, a. 207-213. A.W. Lawrence, Greek Aims in Fortification, Oxford 1979. A. McNicoll, Developments in Techniques of Siegecraft and Fortifications in the Greek World, ca. 400-100 B.C., m:o P. Leriche- H. Treziny, La fortification dans l'histoire du monde grec, Paris 1986, a. 305-313. H. Kienast, Die Stadtmauer von Samos, Samos XV, Bonn 1978. A. navvLXOUQ~ -B. Tiatmaoa- M. LA~j.tOVO£, TacpLXU auvoA.a an6 tL£ VEXQOJtOAEL£ t'Y]£ agxaCa£ P66ov, A' EnL.:vvE)JKt:Q, IwavvLva 1989, a. 56-94. F.E. Winter, Greek Fortifications, Canada 1971. F.E. Winter, Philon of Byzantion and the Hellenistic Fortifications of Rhodos, m:o Fortificationes Antiquae, Amsterdam 1992, a. 185-207.

69 M. Filimonos - V. Kontorini, 'Eva v£o fu~-tvcimo O'tYJ P66o xm YJ j.tUQTUQ(a wu ~LOOoogou XX, 100, 3-4, AntCl LVIII (1989), o.128-176.

40

Παρατηρήσεις στην οχύρωση της αρχαίας Ρόδου, στα...

Documents

Transcript of Παρατηρήσεις στην οχύρωση της αρχαίας Ρόδου, στα...