Resettlement-Action-Plan-for-Lot-One-Nekemte-Andhode-86 ...

FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA

ETHIOPIAN ROADS AUTHORITY

NEKEMTE-BURE ROAD UPGRADING PROJECT, UNDER AN OUTPUT AND

PERFORMANCE BASED ROAD CONTRACT (OPRC) [DESIGN-BUILD-MAINTAIN]

RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN (RAP) FOR

Lot 1: Nekemte-Andhode (86 km)

Milestone 1

April ,2019

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Acronyms

AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

ERA Ethiopian Roads Authority

ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment

ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan

ESMT Environmental and Social Management Team

FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

GoE Government of Ethiopia

GRC Grievance Redress Committee

GTP Growth and Transformation Plan

HIV Human Immune Deficiency Virus

ITN Insecticide Treated Nets

KAP Knowledge, Attitude and Practice

NAP– GE National Plan of Action for Gender Equality

NGOs Non – Governmental Organizations

OHS Occupational Health and Safety

OP Operational Policy

PAP Project Affected Person

PICT Provider Initiated Counseling and Testing

PLWHAs People Living with HIV/AIDS

RAP Resettlement Action Plan

RIC Resettlement /Implementation Committee

RoW Right – of – Way

RPF Resettlement Policy Framework

RSDP Road Sector Development Program

STDs Sexually Transmitted Diseases

TMP Traffic Management Plan

VCT Voluntary Counseling and Testing

WB World Bank

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) Report for Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project Lot 1:

Nekemte- Andode ( Km 86 )

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Definition of Terms:-

Census - A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about project-

affected people

Compensation—Payment in cash or in kind for an asset or a resource that is acquired or affected by a

project at the time the asset needs to be replaced.

Cut-off date—Date of completion of the census and assets inventory of persons affected by the project.

Persons occupying the project area after the cutoff date are not eligible for compensation and/or

resettlement assistance. Similarly, fixed assets (such as built structures, crops, fruit trees, and woodlots)

established after the date of completion of the assets inventory, or an alternative mutually agreed on

date, will not be compensated.

Disturbance compensation --- A disturbance payment is compensation PAPs can claim if they are

forced to move from their home because of the project. Disturbance payments are intended to cover the

expenses of moving.

Economic displacement—Loss of income streams or means of livelihood resulting from land

acquisition or obstructed access to resources (land, water, or forest) resulting from the construction or

operation of a project or its associated facilities.

Eligibility criteria-- Refers to a range of measures, such as compensation, income restoration support,

transfer assistance, livelihood substitution, relocation support, etc., which are provided to affected

households depending on the type and severity of their losses to restore their economic and social base.

Involuntary resettlement—Resettlement is involuntary when it occurs without the informed consent

of the displaced persons or if they give their consent without having the power to refuse resettlement.

Land expropriation—Process whereby a public authority, usually in return for compensation, requires

a person, household, or community to relinquish rights to land that it occupies or otherwise uses

Project-affected household—All members of a household, whether related or not, operating as a single

economic unit, who are affected by a project.

Project-affected person—Any person who, as a result of the implementation of a project, loses the

right to own, use, or otherwise benefit from a built structure, land (residential, agricultural, or pasture),

annual or perennial crops and trees, or any other fixed or moveable asset, either in full or in part,

permanently or temporarily.

Physical displacement—Loss of shelter and assets resulting from the acquisition of land associated

with a project that requires the affected person(s) to move to another location.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information

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Replacement cost—The rate of compensation for lost assets must be calculated at full replacement cost,

that is, the market value of the assets plus transaction costs. With regard to land and structures, IFC

defines “replacement costs” as follows:

■ agricultural land—the market value of land of equal productive use or potential located in the vicinity

of the affected land, plus the cost of preparation to levels similar to or better than those of the affected

land, plus the cost of any registration and transfer taxes;

■ land in urban areas—the market value of land of equal size and use, with similar or improved public

infrastructure facilities and services preferably located in the vicinity of the affected land, plus the cost

of any registration and transfer taxes;

■ household and public structures—the cost of purchasing or building a new structure, with an area and

quality similar to or better than those of the affected structure, or of repairing a partially affected

structure, including labor and contractors’ fees and any registration and transfer taxes.

In determining the replacement cost, depreciation of the asset and the value of salvage materials are not

considered, nor is the value of benefits to be derived from the project deducted from the valuation of an

affected asset.

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP)—The document in which a project sponsor or other responsible

entity specifies the procedures that it will follow and the actions that it will take to mitigate adverse

effects, compensate losses, and provide development benefits to persons and communities affected by

an investment project.

Resettlement assistance—Support provided to people who are physically displaced by a project.

Assistance may include transportation, food, shelter, and social services that are provided to affected

people during their relocation. Assistance may also include cash allowances that compensate affected

people for the inconvenience associated with resettlement and defray the expenses of a transition to a

new locale, such as moving expenses and lost work days.

Squatters - Groups of people or individuals without legal titles to the land and structures occupied/used

by them. The term ‘squatters’ is typically used for those occupying structures for residential/commercial

purposes, while ‘encroachers’ are those occupying land for agriculture.

Stakeholders—Any and all individuals, groups, organizations, and institutions interested in and

potentially affected by a project or having the ability to influence a project.

Vulnerable groups—People who by virtue of gender, ethnicity, age, physical or mental disability,

economic disadvantage, or social status may be more adversely affected by resettlement than others and

who may be limited in their ability to claim or take advantage of resettlement assistance and related

development benefits.



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Contents Definition of Terms:- .................................................................................................................................. iii

0 Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................... xi

0.1 Description of the Road Project ................................................................................................................ xi

0.2 This RAP Document ................................................................................................................................. xi

0.3 Objective of the RAP ................................................................................................................................ xi

0.4 Methodology ............................................................................................................................................ xii

0.5 Summarized Project Activities and Project Impacts ................................................................................ xii

0.6 Public and Stakeholders Consultations ................................................................................................... xiii

0.7 Livelihood Restoration Plan ................................................................................................................... xiv

0.8 Institutions for Implementing the RAP ................................................................................................... xiv

0.9 Grievance Redress Mechanism ................................................................................................................ xv

0.10 Monitoring of Implementation of RAP .................................................................................................... xv

1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 18

1.1 Description of Project .............................................................................................................................. 18

1.2 Rationale for Preparing the RAP ............................................................................................................. 22

1.3 Objectives of the RAP ............................................................................................................................. 22

1.4 RAP Preparation Approach and Methodology ........................................................................................ 23

2 Project Area Background ................................................................................................................ 25

2.1 Geographic and Administrative Location ................................................................................................ 25

2.2 Economic Activities ................................................................................................................................. 25

2.3 Demography and settlements ................................................................................................................... 25

2.4 Ethnicity and Religion ............................................................................................................................. 25

2.5 Mode of Transportation ........................................................................................................................... 26

2.6 Educational and Health Services ............................................................................................................. 26

2.7 HIV/AIDS ................................................................................................................................................ 27

2.8 Energy Source, Water Supply, Telecom and Electricity Services ........................................................... 27

2.9 Land use ................................................................................................................................................... 30

2.10 Trade and Industry ................................................................................................................................... 30

2.11 Air and Water Pollution ........................................................................................................................... 30

2.12 Gender Equity Issue ................................................................................................................................. 31

2.13 Historical and Cultural Heritages ............................................................................................................. 32

3 Baseline Socio–Economic Data of Project Affected Persons (PAPs) ............................................ 33

3.1 Census Cut-Off Date ................................................................................................................................ 33

3.2 Detail Information of PAPs ...................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.2.1 Literacy rate of PAPs ........................................................................................................................... 35

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3.2.2 Average Household Income of PAPs .................................................................................................. 35

3.3 Project Affected Public and Government Properties ............................................................................... 35

3.4 Squatters................................................................................................................................................... 36

3.5 Summary of Household Survey ............................................................................................................... 36

3.6 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................... 37

4 Potential Beneficial and Adverse Impacts of Implementing the Project ........................................ 38

4.1 Beneficial Impacts /Potential Positive Impacts ........................................................................................ 38

4.2 Potential Adverse Impacts ....................................................................................................................... 39

5 Policy, Legal , Institutional and Administrative Framework ........................................................ 45

5.1 National Policies and Legal Framework .................................................................................................. 45

5.1.1 The FDRE Constitution ....................................................................................................................... 45

5.1.2 FDRE Legislation on Expropriation of Land Holdings (Proclamation No. 455/2005) ....................... 47

5.1.3 Review of the National and ERA’s HIV/AIDS Policies ...................................................................... 48

5.1.4 Review of the ERA’s Resettlement/Rehabilitation Policy Framework ............................................... 50

5.2 Review of International and Regional Agreements ................................................................................. 50

5.3 World Bank Operational Principles ......................................................................................................... 51

5.3.1 OP/BP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement ................................................................................................. 51

5.3.2 Eligibility Criteria ................................................................................................................................ 52

5.4 Comparison between national law on land use and Bank OP 4.12 ......................................................... 53

5.5 Gaps between the Ethiopian Legislations and the World Bank Policies ................................................. 54

5.6 Institutional and Administrative Framework ........................................................................................... 57

5.6.1 Federal Government............................................................................................................................. 57

5.6.2 National Regional Government ........................................................................................................... 57

5.6.3 .Local Government .............................................................................................................................. 58

5.6.4 Ethiopian Roads Authority .................................................................................................................. 58

5.6.5 Oromia National Regional State .......................................................................................................... 60

5.6.6 Woreda Administration ........................................................................................................................ 60

5.6.7 Kebele Administration ......................................................................................................................... 60

6 Eligibility Criteria and Entitlements Matrix ................................................................................... 62

7 Valuation and Compensation Methods for Lost Assets ................................................................. 70

7.1 Principles for Compensation .................................................................................................................... 70

7.2 Compensation Procedure and Approach .................................................................................................. 70

7.3 Methods of Valuing Compensation for Loss of Houses and Business .................................................... 71

7.4 Methods of Valuing Compensation for Loss of Farmlands ..................................................................... 71

7.5 Compensation for Loss Houses and Fences ............................................................................................. 72

7.6 Compensation for Permanent Loss of Farmlands .................................................................................... 73

7.7 Compensation for Temporary Loss of Farmland ..................................................................................... 74

7.8 Compensation for Trees and Perennial Crops.......................................................................................... 75



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7.9 Compensation for Affected Services /Public Utility Lines ...................................................................... 77

7.10 Special Assistances for Vulnerable Project Affected Households ........................................................... 78

8 Livelihood Restoration Plan ........................................................................................................... 78

8.1 Capacity building Activities for PAPs ..................................................................................................... 79

8.2 Capacity building Activities for Livelihood Restoration Committee ...................................................... 80

9 Implementation Procedure and Organizational Responsibility ...................................................... 82

9.1 Organizations Involved in RAP Implementation ..................................................................................... 82

9.2 ........................................................................................................................................................................ 82

9.3 Woreda Resettlement Committee ............................................................................................................ 82

9.4 Asset Valuation and Compensation Committee ...................................................................................... 83

9.5 Livelihood Restoration Committee (LRC) at Woreda level .................................................................... 83

9.6 Ethiopian Electric Utility ......................................................................................................................... 84

9.7 The Role of the ERA ............................................................................................................................... 84

9.8 Compensation Procedure ......................................................................................................................... 86

10 10. Grievance Redress Mechanism ................................................................................................ 87

10.1 General Arbitration Process ..................................................................................................................... 87

10.2 Grievance Resolution Process.................................................................................................................. 87

10.3 Grievance Documentation ....................................................................................................................... 88

11 11. Public and Stakeholders Consultation ...................................................................................... 92

11.1 Public consultation ................................................................................................................................... 92

11.2 Summary of Issues and Outcomes form Public Consultations ................................................................ 95

11.3 Other stakeholders’ consultation .............................................................................................................. 95

12 12. Public Disclosure ...................................................................................................................... 97

13 RAP Implementation Schedule and Budget ................................................................................... 98

13.1 RAP Implementation Schedule ................................................................................................................ 98

13.2 Compensation and Relocation Planning ................................................................................................ 100

13.3 Reporting ............................................................................................................................................... 100

13.4 RAP Implementation Budget ................................................................................................................. 100

14 Monitoring and Evaluation ........................................................................................................... 102

14.1 General ................................................................................................................................................... 102

14.2 Internal Monitoring ................................................................................................................................ 102

14.3 External Evaluation ................................................................................................................................ 103

14.4 Monitoring Indicators ............................................................................................................................ 103

14.5 Responsible Authority ........................................................................................................................... 105

15 References .................................................................................................................................... 106

15.1 Annexes ................................................................................................................................................. 107

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15.2 Annex 1. Minutes of Public Consultation .............................................................................................. 107

15.3 Annex 2. Sample Photos of Affected Houses taken during Household Survey .................................... 115

15.4 Annex 3. List of names of PAPs whose different properties are affected ............................................. 120

15.5 Annex 5: Baseline PAPs Household Income ......................................................................................... 129

15.6 Annex 6: Material Extraction sites and their distance from community ............................................... 136

15.7 Annex 7: PAPs Household Survey Tool ................................................................................................ 137



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List of Tables

Table 1: Summary of Total Budget Requirement .................................................................................... xvi

Table 2: Number of enrolled, dropped out and Repetition students in primary and secondary schools

2013/14 ...................................................................................................................................................... 26

Table 3: Land resource by use (hectares) of Sasiga Woreda ..................................................................... 30

Table 4: Ownership of properties by Male and Female household heads ................................................. 33

Table 5: Type of affected housing units .................................................................................................... 34

Table 6: Fully and partially affected houses and farm plots by Male and Female house holds ................ 34

Table 7: Number and type of affected houses by size ............................................................................... 35

Table 8: Range of household’s income and number of affected households ............................................ 35

Table 9: Type and number of public utilities (Electric utilities) affected by the project........................... 35

Table 10: Mitigation Measures Matrix ...................................................................................................... 40

Table 11: Gaps between Ethiopian Law and WB Policy .......................................................................... 55

Table 12: Entitlement Matrix .................................................................................................................... 64

Table 13: Cost estimation for the affected houses and fences ................................................................... 72

Table 14: Weighted Average Market Price of a Quintal of Crops ............................................................ 74

Table 15: Facilities and respective land needs .......................................................................................... 75

Table 16: species and quantity of trees affected by the project ................................................................. 75

Table 16: Value of compensation for Coffee and other fruit trees ............................................................ 77

Table 18: RAP implementation Schedule ................................................................................................. 99

Table 19: Resettlement/Rehabilitation Budget ........................................................................................ 100

Table 20: Input and Output monitoring indicators .................................................................................. 104

Table 21: List of persons whose houses / businesses are affected .......................................................... 120

Table 22: List of persons whose Grazing lands are affected ................................................................... 125

Table 23: List of persons whose Farm lands are affected ....................................................................... 126

Table 24: List of Different Trees Affected by Sections .......................................................................... 127

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List of Figures

Figure 1: Nekempte - Bure and Lot I: Nekempte – Anger Guten– Andhode Road Upgrading Project

Location Map ............................................................................................................................................. 19

Figure 2: Nekempte-Bure and Lot I: Nekempte–Anger Guten–Andhode Road Upgrading Project borrow

pit km 9+100 RHS ..................................................................................................................................... 20

Figure 3: Nekempte-Bure: Lot I: Nekempte–Anger Guten–Andhode Road Upgrading Project borrow pit

km10+800 RHS ......................................................................................................................................... 20

Figure 4: Nekempte-Bure: Lot I: Nekempte–Anger Guten–Andhode Road Upgrading Project borrow pit

km 19+200 RHS ........................................................................................................................................ 21

Figure 5: Nekempte-Bure: Lot I: Nekempte–Anger Guten–Andhode Road Upgrading Project main camp

km 42+000 RHS before construction started ............................................................................................ 21

Figure 6: Nekempte-Bure and Lot I: Nekempte–Anger Guten–Andhode Road Upgrading Project main

camp km 42+000 RHS during construction phase .................................................................................... 22

Figure 7: Tokuma Tsige water pipeline network crosses the road through culverts at km 11+685 and at

km 12+960 ................................................................................................................................................. 28

Figure 8: Electric poles in Tokuma Tsige town ........................................................................................ 29

Figure 9: Utilities in Bedhasa Jarso Kebele ............................................................................................... 29

Figure 10: Project Affected Persons (PAPs) grievance resolution flow chart with compensation issues

as example ................................................................................................................................................. 90

Figure 11: Public consultation with Tokuma Tsige Kebele Residents and PAPs ..................................... 93

Figure 12: Public consultation with Bedhasa Jarso and Haro Feyisa Kebele Residents and PAPs .......... 94

Figure 13: On - site discussion with PAPs (Right) Awareness rising at Protestant Church about the

project ........................................................................................................................................................ 94

Figure 14: Public Awareness raising at Tsige Mariam Church and house to house awareness rising ...... 94



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0 Executive Summary

0.1 Description of the Road Project

The Nekempte–Bure road upgrading project, that covers 258 km of road, connects the Addis Ababa –

Nekempte – Asosa and Addis Ababa– Debremarkos – Bahir Dar Trunk Roads. The construction of the

project road is divided into three lots. This document is the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for Lot I:

Nekempte – Anger Guten – Andhode section that covers 86.1 km. It is prepared to outline how the

project developer will comply with the social requirements of the FDRE, the Ethiopian Roads Authority

(ERA) and the World Bank Group standards by following the mitigation hierarchy, i.e. avoiding,

minimizing, mitigating, and/or compensating adverse impact as outlined in the RPF for this project. As

a development project, it is further expected that based on this RAP additional development gains can

be made by enhancing respective project potentials.

The Lot -I project has been split as MS-1, MS -2 and MS-3. In line with this, RAP report for MS-1

have been prepared and reviewed by the Bank. Now the project is working to finalize the RAP for

milestone as per the comments received from the World Bank. This RAP report is, therefore,

prepared only for the first mile which is 17km section of the road.

0.2 This RAP Document

This RAP document consists of project background information, objective of the RAP, methodology,

summary of key policies, legal and administrative framework, project description, social baseline,

project activities, and description of potential social impacts, valuation, and public consultation,

compensation methods for lost assets, institutional arrangement, grievance system, budget and RAP

implementation monitoring. Moreover, the RAP document is prepared based on the foundations placed

by the documents previously prepared for the project such as RPF, project feasibility studies and policy

requirements that triggered this RAP.

It is prepared based on the findings of the socio-economic analysis which was developed based on the

RPF, the GoE legal and the WB’s safeguard policy requirements. In addition to this, it is used along

with the October 2013 ESIA document and the February 2017 ESMP. Last but not least, the document

requires periodic updating as per the contract document and design approval. Each update will be

consulted with the respective communities and provided to ERA and the World Bank in time for

clearance prior to any material activities on the ground.

0.3 Objective of the RAP

The main objective of the RAP is to provide a legally binding guidance system for the implementation

of the road upgrading project. Moreover, it is designed to minimize risks by avoiding displacement of

people without well-designed compensation and relocation procedures, establishes compensation

measures for losses incurred, and it also establishes livelihood and income restoration as well as

resettlement assistance measures.

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Apart from this, the objective is to review the existing policies and development strategies, legal and

institutional frameworks pertaining to the project, carry out meaningful public consultation regarding

the potential social benefits and adverse impacts accruing from the construction of the project road,

conduct a survey to identify affected properties & assets, define the eligibility criteria for identification

of project affected persons and entitlements, estimate compensation costs, and identify an appropriate

social management and monitoring framework that will ensure that reinforcement measures for the

positive impacts and the mitigation of adverse social impacts are fully addressed.

0.4 Methodology

The preparation of this RAP document is accomplished following two aspects of standard qualitative

and quantitative data collection methodologies. The first aspect involves the planning stage where

required secondary data are collected through in–house data collection, review and preparation of data

collection tools along with detailed site activities.

The second aspect involves field based (in–situ) data collection, analysis and report writing. The detailed

data collection tools included desk review where the RAP team reviewed project documents such as

RPF, SIA and ESIA, the ERA’s resettlement/rehabilitation policy framework, World Bank Involuntary

Resettlement Policy, national legislations on expropriation of properties for public purposes and

compensation payments, federal and regional level rural land administration and land use proclamations

and other relevant legal documents.

The in–house data collection and review is followed by field site visual inspection, detailed data

collection and report writing. In this stage detailed site visits and surveys on the first section in Leku

village, Harro Folla village, Tokuma Tsige village, and Bedhasa Jarso village have been executed from

January to March 2017 to collect first hand qualitative and quantitative data on the socio-economic,

cultural and linguistic composition of the project area.

0.5 Summarized Project Activities and Project Impacts

The project works will involve improvement of horizontal and vertical curves, widening of the road

width, provision of parking lanes and pedestrian walkways in towns and villages, new drainage

structures and replacement of substandard structures, proper side ditches, erosion protection structures,

and asphalt pavements. The major construction activities of the project involves relocating residential,

business, utilities, fences, trees, bushes, shrubs, crop residues, etc. from RoW; putting the necessary

safety signs; excavate the existing road to the required level and backfill with suitable materials from

borrow; form sub–base and base course layers; showering construction activities; construction of 7

bridges, 87 concrete pipes, 5 concrete slabs, 9 box structures, drainage ditches, spraying of prime coat;

laying of asphalt concrete; installing road furniture and opening the road to traffic. These activities will

have both beneficial and adverse social impacts.

The major potential social impacts of the construction activities in the corridor includes but not limited

to: loss of farmland, houses and businesses as a result of land acquisition for public purpose and

consequently loss of income and livelihood as well as involuntary relocation; potential increase in the

spread of communicable diseases such as STDs including HIV/AIDS, pressure on the existing local

service providing infrastructures, and increased risk of accidents due to traffic and construction works,



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impacts related to water logging in quarry sites and borrow pits, and impacts related with water, soil and

air pollution. Moreover, there are impacts associated with the road design that may make life difficult

for the vulnerable and handicapped groups of the community along the corridor if not addressed

accordingly.

Specifically, the road construction project in its first 17 km section (km 5+600 to km 22+600), affects a

total of 447 property owners out of which 60 (13.33 %) are female headed households. The affected

properties include 73 housing units owned by 71 PAPs, 4 ha farmland owned by 21 PAPs, 2.6 ha grazing

land owned by 17 PAPs, 15,149 different species of trees of different sizes owned by 254 PAPs, 1,254

m long fence made of wood, natural shrubs, and CIS owned by 112 PAPs. Although the total count of

affected property owners accounts 475, the properties of 28 PAPs are affected more than once making

the total number of PAPs to be 447. Moreover, 4,000 m long water supply pipeline network and 38

electric poles (wooden and concrete) will be impacted.

Out of the affected 73 housing units; 38 are residential, 25 are used exclusively for business, 7 are both

residential and business (mixed use) and 3 are grain stores. The business includes various kinds of

activities such as Kiosk, tea shop, barber, butcher house, and restaurant. Out of the total 447 PAPs 60

are female headed households. In addition to these 60 female headed households, 1 male farmland

owner, 4 male house owners, and 5 fence owners are above 60 years old and/or disabled, leading to a

total of 70 vulnerable PAPs.

0.6 Public and Stakeholders Consultations

The primary purpose of public and stakeholder consultations is to ensure the public to have meaningful

inputs into the Project’s decision-making process on all components applying to them; this includes

management of its social impacts. It also allows accurate and timely dissemination of information, and

development of mitigation measures in a participatory manner; next to functioning as an early warning

system for public concerns.

Cognizant of this fact, the RPF and the federal and regional regulations, public and stakeholders

consultations were conducted through formal meetings held in Tokuma Tsige, Haro Feyisa and Bedhasa

Jarso/Mendera 24 Kebeles. The consultations involved Kebele officials, Woreda sector offices, PAPs

and other community members. On the other hand, informal meetings held with different sections of the

community in the months of January to March 2017 during household census and transect walks.

The consultation sessions revealed that the PAPs have serious concerns with the approach and modes

of assets valuation and compensations. They requested the proponent and its local stakeholders to

establish all the required committees and that they are transparent in handling every single case, and for

continuous consultations at least every quarter or more, whenever required. On the other hand, the

government representatives promised to provide relocation sites for the “would be” displaced PAPs, and

to support different vulnerable groups during the project implementation period.

Representatives of the proponent and its local stakeholders promised to post all their work procedures,

eligibility criteria, and methods of asset valuation to residents of all Kebeles. Furthermore, during the

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public consultation the participants have reported to cooperate and to take actions that will contribute to

the speedy implementation of the construction work and implementation of RAP. Furthermore, it was

made clear to all partakes that the cut–of– date was set by the project proponent to be August 09/2016.

0.7 Livelihood Restoration Plan

Livelihood restoration refers to reestablishment of income levels for the PAPs at least prevalent to the

time of displacement. It is an important component for the resettlement of PAPs who have lost their

productive base, businesses, jobs, or other income sources, regardless of whether they have also lost

their houses.

The strategy for PAPs who have lost their assets and properties, income restoration plans may require

support and services in the long and short term basis. The short term strategy will involve provision of

employment opportunity in the project depending on the needs, skill and capacity of the PAPs. The long

term strategy includes providing capacity building trainings and basic business commencement inputs.

Household survey on PAPs revealed that 15 households prefer to get trainings and inputs on small

business, 48 on animal fattening and 17 on agriculture. The project will conduct the detail need

assessment study and will prepare livelihood restoration plan as soon as the RAP for the whole lot is

completed. These documents will be reviewed and cleared by the World Bank.

0.8 Institutions for Implementing the RAP

The overall responsibility for implementing RAP is vested primarily to ERA and the two committees

(valuation and grievance redress). The ERAs Western Region directorate, ESMT and RoW agent shall

play pivotal role in the process by activating the establishment of the committees and providing all the

required materials and building their capacity. Moreover, Oromia National Regional State, East Wollega

Zone and Sasiga Woreda will have important roles during the implementation of the RAP by providing

the required staffing to establish the committees inclusive of allowance for the committee member for

site deployment, and providing the required PAPs documents. Moreover, the Woreda administrator will

call meetings involving all sector offices to establish the asset valuation committee. The Woreda is

according to Ethiopian law also responsible for the provision of replacement lands including

resettlement sites as necessary. ERA will provide respective resources to facilitate the process as

necessary, including the (re-)establishment of public facilities on such lands. Moreover, the Woreda

administrator shall facilitate the preparation and provision of capacity building materials and trainings

with support by ERA to cover respective costs. In addition to this, the administrator will play key role

in establishing grievance redressing committee as per the RPF.

ERA has already activated these committees by providing them in–house and on–site capacity building

trainings. The two committees comprised of representatives from sector offices, representatives from

PAPs and the RoW agent. Funds for payment of the compensation, relocation, and livelihood restoration

will be made available by the ERA through the RoW department in collaboration with Western region

directorate. The Committees will prepare monthly and quarterly progress reports which will be delivered

to the Resident Engineer office, ERA RoW department, the Woreda administration, and the World Bank.

The ERA has assign a RoW agent that speaks Afan Oromo, knows the culture of the people, and is able

to work with local stakeholders in an amicable and constructive manner.



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0.9 Grievance Redress Mechanism

The project has established Woreda level asset valuation and grievance redress committees to handle

disputes that might arise by the PAPs. The objective of the grievance redress mechanism is to respond

to the complaints of PAPs promptly and in a transparent manner. The procedures provide an opportunity

to resolve the case amicably. If this fails, the PAPs submit written complaint to the committee and the

committee shall review the appeal and try to resolve the case amicably by investigating the issues based

on the available evidences timely and satisfactorily. If the applicant view that the GRC’s resolution is

not at his/her satisfactory level, he/she be recommended to appeal their cases to the higher level of

grievance hearing offices in the hierarchy of the government structure or to the court as a last resort.

If the case cannot be settled amicably, the GRC shall give its final decision to the PAPs within two week

time. If the PAPs do not agree with the decision of the GRC, they are informed that they are free to go

to the court with their appeal and all this procedure shall be completed in two weeks. The GRC members

shall work their assignments in a simple, transparent, and understandable procedure where all PAPs

shall have free access to the procedure. The procedure will be disclosed to PAPs during public

consultations, ensuring overall understanding by all, including vulnerable groups; it will also be made

available in local language, posted at respective public places such as Kebele halls or schools. The

procedure will include location and public opening hours of the respective GRC offices. In this regard,

the Project, i.e. ERA, will carry all costs associated with the GRM, including operational budget and

logistics for the GRC members, and pro-actively provide support to PAPs to raise their grievances. The

Project will also ensure that grievances are documented properly and provide GRM information

including numbers of filed and solved grievances in the regular progress reports.

0.10 Monitoring of Implementation of RAP

The overall objective of monitoring is to ensure that implementation complies with the approved RAP.

Thus, the implementation of this RAP will be monitored as per the RPF and ensure that it is carried out

as per the plan and the requirements. The monitoring process will involve both internal and external

monitoring approaches. The RAP implementation monitoring indicators involves awareness creation

phase, committee formation phase, compensation phase; time required for compensation and relocation

and/or resettlement, reporting, and budget requirement for compensation committee and briefly explains

each phase. The internal monitoring will be conducted by the social management team of the ERA

through field visits at least once in a month. This will be carried out by the Task Force organized to

Monitor Social and Environmental safeguard across the World Bank Financed projects. The local

administration (Woreda labor and social affairs office) will also conduct its own monitoring of the RAP.

The external monitoring will be done by an independent consultant who will be hired by ERA. The

independent consultant will monitor and evaluate the RAP in consultation with the Employer’s

Representative (Engineer) and with Woreda and Kebele administration representatives every quarter. In

addition to the independent consultant, the Federal and the Regional social and labor bureaus will be

involved in the external monitoring of the implementation of the RAP with the independent consultant

hired by ERA. All Monitoring and Evaluation Reports including Monthly and Quarterly Implementation

xvi

Status Reports will be submitted to the World Bank on regular basis. The WB group supervision

missions will also serve as one of the external monitoring mechanisms. ERAs RAP implementation

monitoring format will be used for the monitoring the implementation of this RAP.

Budget Requirement for RAP

The cost estimate and budget required for the implementation of this RAP are summarized herein below.

The total estimated cost including 15 % contingency will be Birr 40,792,239.31. The cost and budget

estimate is prepared on the basis of the requirement as compensation payment and rehabilitation

measures for PAPs and the budget required for Administrative costs in the implementation of the RAP.

Table 1: Summary of Total Budget Requirement

No. Compensation to be paid for Compensation Amount (Birr)

1 Compensation for all types of houses/structures 4,318,590.00

2 Compensation for different type of fences 444,320.00

3 Permanent loss of strips of farmlands 780,900.00

4 Temporary loss of strips of farmlands 17,570,250.00

5 Compensation for Eucalyptus tree 3,965,819.44

6 Compensation for fruit bearing trees 384,488.00

7 Compensation for coffee trees 62,370.00

8 Compensation for other permanent trees 766,800.00

9 Compensation for affected social services 408,375.00

10 Livelihood restoration activities 1,789,650.00

11 A budget for HIV/AIDS prevention activities 2,120,000.00

12 A budget for vulnerable group members assistance

(3,000 Birr/person)

210,000.00

13 Budget for compensation Committee 300,450.00

14 Budget for resettlement committee (5 person, 300

birr/person, 5 days/month for two years) 180,000.00

15 Budget for grievance redress committee (5 person, 300


16 RAP monitoring 349,500.00

17 Electric poles and affected pipeline network 2,000,000.00

18 Total 35,831,512.44



xvii


19 Contingency (15%) 5,374,726.87

20 Grand Total 41,206,239.31

18

1 Introduction

1.1 Description of Project

The Nekempte–Bure road upgrading project, that covers 258 km of road, connects the Addis

Ababa–Nekempte– Asosa and Addis Ababa–Debremarkos–Bahirdar Trunk Roads. It is currently

a gravel-surfaced link road with variable width between 5.5 m to 9 m. The project road is divided

into three lots, and this document is the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for Lot I: Nekempte –

Anger Guten – Andhode section that covers 86.1 km. It is prepared to outline how the project

developer will comply with the social requirements of the FDRE, the Ethiopian Roads Authority

(ERA) and the World Bank Group standards by following the mitigation hierarchy, i.e. avoiding,

minimizing, mitigating, and/or compensating adverse impact as outlined in the RPF for this

project. As a development project, it is further expected that based on this RAP additional

development gains can be made by enhancing respective project potentials.

The Nekempte–Anger–Gutin–Andhode Road Upgrading Project starts at the outskirt of

Nekempte town on the Northeast direction and terminates at Andhode town after traversing for

86.1 km. It is the first lot of the Nekempte – Bure road Upgrading Project that connects two zones

East Wollega Zone of Oromia National Regional State and West Gojam Zone of Amhara

National Region State. Nekempte town is located on the Addis Ababa–Nekempte–Asosa Trunk

Road; while Bure is located on the Debremarkos– Bahir Dar Trunk Road. The road traverses

through Sasiga, Guto-Gida, and Gida-Ayana Woredas of East Wollega Zone. Section I of lot I

extends from km 5.600 to km 22.600, all part of Sasiga Woreda, traversing through three

Kebeles: Haro Feyisa, Tokuma Tsige, and Bedhasa Jarso.

19

Figure 1: Nekempte - Bure and Lot I: Nekempte – Anger Guten– Andhode Road Upgrading Project Location Map

20

Figure 2: Nekempte-Bure and Lot I: Nekempte–Anger Guten–Andhode Road Upgrading Project borrow pit km 9+100 RHS

Figure 3: Nekempte-Bure: Lot I: Nekempte–Anger Guten–Andhode Road Upgrading Project borrow pit km10+800 RHS

21

Figure 4: Nekempte-Bure: Lot I: Nekempte–Anger Guten–Andhode Road Upgrading Project borrow pit km 19+200 RHS

Figure 5: Nekempte-Bure: Lot I: Nekempte–Anger Guten–Andhode Road Upgrading Project main camp km 42+000 RHS

before construction started

22

Figure 6: Nekempte-Bure and Lot I: Nekempte–Anger Guten–Andhode Road Upgrading Project main camp km 42+000 RHS

during construction phase

1.2 Rationale for Preparing the RAP

The rationale for preparing this RAP is to provide procedures on social management issues

related to land acquisition, relocation and livelihood restoration needs, and practices which help

minimize the negative social impacts and enhances the positive ones through proper

implementation of proposed social mitigation measures.

1.3 Objectives of the RAP

The main objective of the RAP is to provide a legally binding guidance system for the

implementation of the road upgrading project. Moreover, it is designed to minimize risks by

avoiding displacement of people without well-designed compensation and relocation procedures,

establishes compensation measures for losses incurred, and it also establishes livelihood and

income restoration as well as resettlement assistance measures.

In more detail, the key objectives of the RAP encompass:

• A review of the existing policies and development strategies, legal and institutional

frameworks pertaining to the project,

• Public consultations regarding the potential social positive and adverse impacts accruing

from the construction of the project road,

• Definition of the eligibility criteria for identification of Project Affected persons and

entitlements,

23

• A survey to identify affected properties and assets, and estimate respective compensation

costs; and

• Identification of an appropriate social management and monitoring framework, which will

ensure effective reinforcement measures for positive impacts and mitigation measures for

adverse social impacts.

1.4 RAP Preparation Approach and Methodology

The preparation of this RAP document is accomplished following two aspects of standard

qualitative and quantitative data collection methodologies. The first aspect involves the planning

stage where required secondary data are collected through in–house data collection, review and

preparation of data collection tools along with detailed site activities.

The second aspect involves field based (in–situ) data collection, analysis and report writing. The

detailed data collection tools included desk review where the RAP team reviewed project

documents such as RPF, SIA and ESIA, the ERA’s resettlement/rehabilitation policy framework,

World Bank Involuntary Resettlement Policy, national legislations on expropriation of properties

for public purposes and compensation payments, federal and regional level rural land

administration and land use proclamations and other relevant legal documents.

The in–house data collection and review is followed by field site visual inspection, detailed data

collection and report writing. In this stage detailed site visits and surveys on the first section in

Leku village, Harro Folla village, Tokuma Tsige village, and Bedhasa Jarso village have been

executed from January to March 2017 to collect first hand qualitative and quantitative data on

the socio-economic, cultural and linguistic composition of the project area.

The field-based assessment has been instrumental in identifying problems related to the project

road and identifying mitigation measures. During field visits, consultation with government line

departments, PAPs, and the public at large were conducted to obtain data on public perception

of the project, livelihood strategies, and local knowledge about grievance redress mechanism;

and to disclose of project information to the public.

Furthermore, key informant interviews and 12 focus group discussions sessions (four in each

Kebele) involving segregated partakers (adult men and women, youth, administrative bodies,

elders, and religious groups separately) were held to get the opinions of the community on the

project impacts. Partakers of the key informant interviews were identified based on their

knowledge about their customary laws, traditions, religious observances and adherences, needs

and aspiration of the community.

The household survey underlying this RAP collected information on livelihoods and affected

assets of PAPs, including:

24

• Name, Age, Sex, Family size, educational background, employment status, relationship

to household head.

• Information on Livelihood activities: Profession (or Occupation),

• Types of properties to be affected: Location, Size and Type

• Impact on houses: Residential, Business

• Impacts on agricultural land with the names of owners/users of the individual farmers in

size, and trees, such as; fruit and perennial plants, cash crops,

• Information on vulnerable groups: Female Headed Households, physically or mentally

disabled, elderly, or persons for whom special provision may have to be made,

• Affected public utilities: Infrastructure and social services to be affected by the

construction works; water distribution points, electricity supplies, telephone lines, health

institutions.

• Illegally built houses in the RoW, if any, and number of houses (with types), locations,

size, status and conditions of people, and how they are going to be treated and

compensated.

Last but not least, considering the importance of public participation for the preparation of the

RAP document, public consultations were carried out in the three Kebeles traversed by the first

section km 5+600 to 22+600 and directly affected by the project. On the other hand,

questionnaires were administered by the assessment team to quantify the type and size of affected

assets.

25

2 Project Area Background

2.1 Geographic and Administrative Location

As noted above, the Nekempte–Anger–Gutin–Andhode Road Upgrading Project starts at the

outskirt of Nekempte town on the Northeast direction and terminates at Andhode town after

traversing for 86.1 km. It is the first lot of the Nekempte – Bure road Upgrading Project that

connects two zones East Wollega Zone of Oromia National Regional State and West Gojam Zone

of Amhara National Region State. Nekempte town is located on the Addis Ababa–Nekempte–

Asosa Trunk Road; while Bure is located on the Debremarkos– Bahir Dar Trunk Road. The road

traverses through Sasiga, Guto-Gida, and Gida-Ayana Woredas of East Wollega Zone. Section I

of lot I extends from km 5.600 to km 22.600, all part of Sasiga Woreda, traversing through three

Kebeles: Haro Feyisa, Tokuma Tsige, and Bedhasa Jarso.

2.2 Economic Activities

The socio-economic background of the project area is predominately rural; where majority of the

population is dependent on farming. Mixed agriculture (crop farming and livestock keeping) is

the mainstay for the population in the project area. Apart from crop farming and livestock raising,

there is limited alternative economic activity in the project area. The major types of agricultural

crops that grow in the area include Maize, Teff, Wheat, Barley, Neug, Haricot Bean and Legumes

in the highland part and sesame ‘Selit’ in the lowland area. Farming activities are practiced by

using traditional hand tools and oxen plows. Regarding food security, all the Woredas traversed

by the project road are surplus producer. The livelihood of the population in the urban sections

mainly depends on small scale businesses and employment in public and private sectors. The

major source of income for households include salaries, earnings from self-employment,

domestic work, causal labor, petty trade, and pensions.

2.3 Demography and settlements

According to the socio–economic document prepared in 2016 by Sasiga Woreda Office of

Finance and Economic Development, the total area of the Woreda is 163,718 ha, encompassing

22,398 households with 106,603 people (48.87 % male). According to the Woreda statistics, out

of the total population, 96.85 % is rural and the mean rural family size is 7. On the other hand,

the urban average family size of the district is 5. According to the Kebele administrations, the

three Kebeles traversed by the project road encompass 3,900 households, where Haro Fayisa

consists of 2,800 persons, Tokuma Tsige has a total of 3,300 people and Bedhasa Jaros has a

total of 4,000 persons.

2.4 Ethnicity and Religion

The major ethnic group in the project area is Oromo, who speak “Afan Oromo”. There are also

other, small ethnic groups such as Gurage, Tigrie, and Amhara along the project road. According

to the 2015/16 socio – economic profile of the Sassiga Woreda, the local population follows two

major religions: Christianity and Islam. The data reveals that the majority of Sasiga Woreda

26

follows Protestant Christianity (62.7% reporting that as their religion), while 21.55% were

Muslims and 14.21% followers of Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity.

2.5 Mode of Transportation

Modern transport coverage is low in the rural areas. Travel and transport in the project area is

mainly carried out by walking. According to the data obtained from Sassiga Woreda finance and

economic development office, it is estimated that more than 90% of households in the project

area walk to reach different social services and facilities. Use of pack animal is the second mode

of transport available. In the rural areas, one has to cover on average 5-hours walk on foot to

access transport services. The road network of Sasiga Woreda has a dry weather gravel road

constructed by Oromia rural road construction in labor base project that has been serving the

district to both towns Galo and Geba Jimata.

2.6 Educational and Health Services

According to the data obtained from Sassiga Woreda finance and economic development office,

the educational facilities are ill equipped, under-staffed and lack the capacity to fulfill the

requirements.

Table 2: Number of enrolled, dropped out and Repetition students in primary and secondary schools 2013/14

Yea

r

Sex

Student enrolled, dropped out and Repeated by level of school

Primary schools Secondary school (9 – 10

First Cycle Second Cycle

To

tal

En

rolm

ent

Dro

pou

t

Rep

etit

ion

To

tal

En

rolm

ent

Dro

pou

t

Rep

etit

ion

To

tal

En

rolm

ent

Dro

pou

t

Rep

etit

ion

20

13

M 1594 472 217 3123 786 240 764 123 34

F 1398 307 231 2987 432 329 541 76 47

T 2992 779 448 6110 1218 569 1305 199 81

20

14

M 5798 989 124 2874 489 206 709 141 23

F 5189 789 203 2495 278 259 432 87 29

T 10987 1778 327 5369 767 465 1141 228 52

Source: Sasiga Woreda Education Office

The distribution of health services and facilities, and also that of health professionals, has not yet

reached its expected level in the Woreda and in the project road corridor. According to the 2013

27

socio–economic study, Sasiga Woreda is known to have 36 nurses, 1 health officers, three health

assistants, two lab technicians, three pharmacists, four sanitarians, and 27 community health

agents operating in health institutions under government ownership. However, looking at the

progress, the data shows a positive trend; e.g. from 2012 to 2013 the health coverage grow from

62% to 75%. According to the data obtained from Sasigga Health Office the total numbers of

children vaccinated during the year 2013 were 3,095, out of which 2023 were males.

2.7 HIV/AIDS

According to the Federal HAPCO 2015 report, the estimated and projected HIV prevalence by

year (adult population 15-49), Urban, Rural and National in 2018 is 1.01 for national, 3.58 for

urban and 0.57 for rural areas. Out of the total population of the country around 1,320,000 people

(590,000 Male and 730,000 Female) live with HIV/AIDS.

Kebele-specific data on the trend of HIV/AIDS prevalence is not available, but it can be assumed

that the prevalence in Kebeles closer to Nekempte town is higher. Thus, the spread of HIV/AIDS

in those rural Kebeles located in the Woredas traversed by the project road can be considered a

potential threat also for rural villages. With the construction of roads, increasing traffic is

expected which will lead to an increased risk of HIV/AIDS unless appropriate mitigation

measures and awareness creation programs are considered beforehand. In order to reduce

HIV/AIDS risks, the Woreda health office has put in place awareness raising sessions, made

ART available in all health centers and tries to make condoms available in hotels, health centers,

and work places.

The camp site of the project is located at km 42+000 from Nekempte town and 7 km from Uke.

There are no houses and inhabitants in the vicinity of the selected site. In order to address the

problems associated with influx of people and concomitant spread of sexually transmitted

diseases including HIV/AIDS, the project has established liaison with Uke and Tokuma Tsige

health centers and Walda Welif Yadu People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHAs) club in Uke

town to conduct periodic awareness raising activities including the distribution of condoms in

hotels, inns and etc. Furthermore, the health centers will provide Provider Initiated Counseling

and Testing (PICT) and Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) for the local people and the

workforces.

2.8 Energy Source, Water Supply, Telecom and Electricity Services

According to the information obtained from Sasiga Woreda administration office, source of

energy for both rural and urban residents is mainly firewood.

Water resources are ample in the area. Springs emanating from the hills and mountain sides are

found. However, coverage of adequate potable water supply is still in short. Most of the rural

communities depend on water from unprotected sources (springs, rivers and ponds). No major

28

pollution sources are prevalent in the area, except fecal pollution risks. Simple source protection

and spring developments could enable good quality water for domestic consumption.

According to Sasiga Water, Mineral and Energy Office, out of the total population in the Woreda

54.0 % rural and 58.8 % urban population are supplied with potable water. The rural Kebeles of

Tokuma Tsige and Bedhaso Jarso have a potable water supply network of more than 4,000 m

length with ground water source and a reservoir.

Figure 7: Tokuma Tsige water pipeline network crosses the road through culverts at km 11+685 and at km 12+960

29

Figure 8: Electric poles in Tokuma Tsige town

Figure 9: Utilities in Bedhasa Jarso Kebele

Tokuma Tsige and Bedhaso Jarso Kebeles are the two rural Kebeles located along the first section

of Lot I of the corridor that have access to 24 hours electricity supply and telephone service. The

mobile network is operational throughout the project road corridor and in its influence area.

30

2.9 Land use

Table 3: Land resource by use (hectares) of Sasiga Woreda

No. Land use type Approx. area coverage (ha) Percentage

1 Land under crops 51,812 31.64

• Annual

• Perennial crops

42,638 26.04

9174 5.60

2 Pasture land/grazing land 11,609 7.09

3 Forest Land 21,958 13.41

4 Degraded/barren land 1,862 1.13

5 Natural forest 2,459 1.5

6 Man-made forest 8,247 5.03

7 Wood land 1,129 0.68

8 Shrub land 191 0.11

9 Bush land 11,252 6.87

10 Swampy /marsh land 96.67 0.05

11 Others 1,290.33 0.78

12 Total 163,718 100

Land use in the project road corridor is mainly agricultural land. The project road traverses

through mostly cultivated areas with about 33 % flat, 48 % rolling or undulating, 6%

mountainous and 13% escarpment topography. Because most of the landmass is under

cultivation, cow dung and crop residue are the major source of energy next to fire wood both in

the rural and urban areas. Furthermore, eucalyptus plantation is common for domestic use and

cash crop.

2.10 Trade and Industry

Although Sasiga Woreda is well known for its coffee production and surplus crop production

none of the three Kebeles traversed by the first seventeen kilometers have any kind of bank,

insurance, and credit associations. Small-scale businesses, such as metal workshops, garages for

vehicle maintenance, etc., have not yet emerged in the three Kebeles.

2.11 Air and Water Pollution

The area is mostly rural, except at Nekempte town. In general, there are no industries and urban

sewerage disposing into the naturally occurring rivers, streams, boreholes and wetlands. There is

a possibility of using fertilizers that might be sources of water pollution; however, the magnitude

31

is very low, as people in the area relay on crop production. The only source of air pollutant in the

project area are vehicular emissions (not significant), dust due to vehicles and wind and emissions

from few stationary sources such as generators, mills, etc.

2.12 Gender Equity Issue

In Ethiopia, women enjoy equal constitutional rights with men; however, they are under-

represented in almost all sectors. Traditionally top positions in managing the politics, economy,

religion and administration are taken by men. This traditional practice has seriously affected the

role to be played by women for centuries.

Gender equity issue are highly important and critical for the socio–economic development of

Ethiopia. Without maintaining gender equity it is highly unlikely to attain the required

development goals of the GTP II. Cognizant of this fact, the GoE has crafted the National Women

Policy in 1993, which aimed to create appropriate structures within government offices and

institutions to establish equitable and gender–sensitive public strategies. Furthermore, it

attempted to create favorable environment for women and to ensure the supply of basic services

to women, and to eliminate gender based discriminations. In 2006, the Ministry of Children,

Youth and Women designed a National Plan of Action for Gender Equality (NAP– GE) where

its goal is “to contribute to the attainment of equality between men and women, in social, political

and economic development”.

In the project area, gender inequality prevails as it is the case in most rural parts of Ethiopia. The

role of women in the socio–economic development, in general and in the agricultural sector in

particular, is of importance. In addition to agricultural activities, they are responsible for day–

to– day household duties and for taking care of children. They also carry agricultural products to

the market places for sale and in return buy household commodities for consumption.

As per the results of discussions conducted with Sasiga Woreda Women and Children Office and

also in line with comments given by community representatives, women are the most

disadvantaged and affected from the inadequacy of the road infrastructure. There are frequent

death causalities reported due to delays in reaching health centers especially during pregnancy

and delivery periods. The hardship of carrying heavy loads to the market places and back home

is also a burden of women. The implementation of the road infrastructure would substantially

improve transportation facility in the area, there by alleviating considerable difficulties that

women are currently experiencing.

Woreda level women and Children affair offices do their utmost effort to create awareness about

the role and responsibilities that women play in the community and at household level. The

primary focus of the office is to organize women in the form of women association at Kebele

level to help them engage in income generation activities, form village level saving groups, and

32

tackle problems related to HIV/AIDS. In the project area, women's transport needs are mainly

related to;

• Travel for domestic activities:

• Travel for economic activities: travel to markets, travel to farm fields, travel to saving and

credit associations, cooperatives,

• Travel to social service facilities: travel to modern health facilities and traditional healers,

women associations meetings,

• Travel for social and communal activities: travel to places of worship, to funerals, visiting

the sick, visiting of families and friends.

2.13 Historical and Cultural Heritages

No physical cultural heritage is expected to be adversely affected by the project. However, there

are Christian Churches close to the road which needs attention during construction (St. George

Church on the outskirt of Nekempte town which is situated very close to the project start, Tsige

Mariam Church in Tokuma Tsige Kebele at about km 12+220 at the outskirt of Tsige village,

and Protestant Evangelical Mekane Yesus Church at km 13+300 RHS). Respective mitigation

measures are covered by the ESMP.

33

3 Baseline Socio–Economic Data of Project Affected Persons (PAPs)

This baseline socio–economic data reflects relevant information concerning the PAPs, including

the current occupants of the houses and fences, of farmland and grazing land, trees, and public

utilities that are located within the RoW.

3.1 Census Cut-Off Date

The cut-off date to record the PAPs along the road corridor right-of-way was set as August 09,

2016. Cultivating land, constructing buildings or settlements in the project affected areas after

the cut-off-date will not be eligible for compensation or subsidies. Compensations will also not

be paid for any structures erected, or crops and trees planted purely for the purpose of gaining

additional compensation. The cut–off–date has been communicated to all communities along the

corridor and Kebele administrative bodies. All concerned parties including established steering

committee involving the Woredas, Municipalities, Kebele administrations and other relevant

stakeholders were communicated through letter which was issued on August 09, 2016 with

reference number: መመን/272/13-2249.PAPs also were communicated about the cut of date during

door to door consultation and through public consultations after the set of the cut -of- date.

Further, the cut of date was communicated during the meeting made between ERA, Amhara

and Oromia regional states on August 25,2016.

The road construction project in its first 17 km section (km 5+600 to km 22+600) affects a total

of 447 property owners out of which 60 (13.33 %) are female headed households (female PAPs).

The affected properties include 73 housing units owned by 71 PAPs, 4 ha farmland owned by 21

PAPs, 2.6 ha grazing land owned by 17 PAPs (no community owned grazing land is affected),

15,149 different species of trees of different sizes owned by 254 PAPs, 1,254 m long fence made

of wood natural shrubs, and CIS owned by 112 PAPs. Although the total count of PAPs accounts

to be 475, the properties of 28 PAPs are affected more than one of their properties and assets

making the total number of PAPs to be 447. Moreover, 4,000 m long water supply pipeline

network and 38 electric poles (wooden and concrete) will be impacted.

Table 4: Ownership of properties by Male and Female household heads

Sex of

head of

HH

# affected

trees owners

# affected

farmland

owners

# affected

house owners

# affected

fence

owners

# affected

grazing land

owners

Total number

of PAPs

Male 222 20 55 102 16 415

Female 32 1 16 10 1 60

Total 254 21 71 112 17 475

34

Out of the affected 73 housing units; 38 are residential, 25 are used exclusively for business, 7

are both residential and business (mixed use) and 3 are grain stores. The business includes various

kinds of activities such as Kiosk, tea shop, barber, butcher house, and restaurant.

In addition to the 60 female headed household PAPs, 1 male farmland owner PAP, 4 male house

owner PAPs, and 5 fence owner PAPs making up a total of 70 PAPs are vulnerable as they are

older than 60 and disabled.

On the other hand, out of the 73 housing units 61 housing units (26 residential, 25 business, 7

mixed use, and 3 grain stores) will be fully damaged by the project and the remaining 12 housing

units will be partially damaged. These houses are small shops constructed in connection to the

main living house. The road construction will damage these houses not the whole housing unit.

Although a total of 61 housing units are fully affected that needs physical relocation, household

survey and consultation with these PAPs revealed that they prefer to construct their houses on

their remaining plot of land (existing location) than physical relocation as long as proper

compensation and sufficient time are allocated to construct their new houses and maintain their

livelihood. Six households raised the issue of relocation, the Woreda administration in

consultation with these PAPs is working to identify a relocation site with basic infrastructure

services including electricity and water supply network. The detail list of PAPs, data and

information on the above items is presented in the inventory sheet which is attached in the annex.

Table 5: Type of affected housing units

Type of houses

Residential Business

Business

and

Residential

Store Total

No. of houses affected 38 25 7 3 73

Table 6: Fully and partially affected houses and farm plots by Male and Female house holds

Sex Houses affected Farmland affected

Partially Fully Partially Fully

Male 8 49 26 –

Female 4 12 1 –

Total 12 61 27 –

35

Table 7: Number and type of affected houses by size

Type of house Quantity

(Number)

Size (m2)

Wood and Mud Wall Cemented Floor CIS Roof 10 158.15

Wood and Mud Wall Soil Floor CIS Roof 60 1,018.82

Thatched Roof/Tukul houses 3 27.27

Total 73 1,204.24

Source: Field survey, March 2017

3.1.1 Literacy rate of PAPs

From the total 447 PAPs, 123 or 27.52 % are illiterate (no reading and writing), 280 or 62.64 %

accomplished their primary level education (grade 1-6) and 92 or 20.58 % accomplished junior

secondary and primary high school education (grades 7-10), and only 16 or 3.58 % went to higher

education.

3.1.2 Average Household Income of PAPs

The average household incomes for project affected people have different figures across the 17

km section of the project road. The maximum household income per year reaches up to 100,000

Birr for some individuals in the Tokuma Tsige Kebeles, especially those people engaged in

butcher house business and cash crop production such as Khat, Eucalyptus, and Coffee. On the

other hand, the lowest yearly household income reaches only 8,000.00 Birr in project affected

Kebeles. Thus, considering this variation the estimated average yearly household income of

PAPs for this section is calculated to be 9,000 Birr while that of the Woreda is estimated to be

11,500 Birr.

Table 8: Range of household’s income and number of affected households

Range of Households’ Income in Birr per year

From 8,000.00 to 20,000.00 From 21,000.00 to 40,000.00 > 40,000.00

Number of

Households 30 16 25

3.2 Project Affected Public and

Government Properties

Table 9: Type and number of public utilities (Electric utilities) affected by the project

Description of Utility Kind and Quantity of Asset Total

36

Concrete

(Quantity)

Wooden (Quantity)

Electricity poles 19 19 38

Electricity transformers 2 2

Telephone poles 5 5

Description of Utility Kind and Quantity of Asset

Kind of pipeline Length of pipeline Remarks

Water supply service Water pipeline 2,500 m Tokuma Tsige KA

Water pipeline 1,500 m Bedhasa Jarso

Source: Field survey, March 2017

3.3 Squatters

No squatters were identified to be affected/was affected by the road construction activities in

this section of the road. This is mainly because of the continuous and inclusive consultation

conducted by the project and most importantly, the Kebele administration, religious leaders, and

local elders were given sufficient awareness and engaged in the process of coordinating,

identifying and registering PAPs. However, the RAP identifies a structure(round about)

constructed by UKE municipality inside the right of way. The RAP also identifies that

roundabout was constructed after the cut-off date and the municipality was adequately informed

about the cutoff date and hence, the structure is ineligible for compensation.

3.4 Summary of Household Survey

Household survey on the PAPs revealed that out of the 71 affected house owners:

• 61 house owners that are 85.92 % want to and can also remain on their remaining plot of

land on the same site and the remaining 10 house owners want to relocate within the same

neighborhood. ERA has proposed a site for the relocation of these households to the Kebele

administration and Sassiga Woreda land administration office. The Woreda administration

will avail the lands required whenever full resettlements are to be done on the PAPs.

• All PAPs have access to potable tape water from municipal water distribution point but

only 9 (12.7%) households have water pipeline in their backyard and only two households

do not have electricity in their houses;

• Although constructing replacement private houses is the responsibility of the respective

owners, out of the 71 house owners, 8 needs special support to construct their own houses

since they are vulnerable and they are not in a position to do so for various reasons. The

37

remaining 63 house owners prefer to get monetary compensation and construct their houses

by their own. Furthermore, all house owners want to construct their houses during the rainy

season since they can easily prepare mud and can get cheap labor during the rainy season.

• In terms of capacity building of affected house owners to ensure their livelihood restoration,

15 households prefer to get trainings on small business, 39 on animal fattening and 17 on

agriculture. The project does not take all the land of a farm, out of the 21 farmers whose

farm land is affected, the largest loss in terms of percentage was only 16.12 % of the

holding. Farmland owners whose affected farmland size greater than 5 % will participate

in the training. Thus, nine of these farmers will participate in animal fattening training.

3.5 Conclusion

The project affected households clearly indicated their interest on relocation option, type of

compensation, and season of relocation. Thus, the ERA will implement monetary compensation

payments in late May or early June so that the households can easily build their houses to

relocate. If this is not accomplished as per their request, it could take longer time and require

more resources, which can delay the project performance especially in Tokuma Tsige Kebele.

The relocation of utilities (water pipelines and electric poles) requires earnest commitment from

ERA and the service providers. ERA must avail all the required resources for the relocation of

the utility lines and the service providers must accomplish the relocation works as described

below. The service providers will accomplish the relocation of these utility lines in an

orchestrated manner without seriously hampering the users’ rights by relocating electric poles

during the day time working for limited hours, communicating interruptions ahead of time, and

by not starting relocation activities unless they are quite sure of the required materials to

accomplish the assignment. Since the contractor has identified obstructions in this section in

collaboration with the RAP preparation team, he/she can precede activities in section that are

free of obstructions following the recommendations given in the ESMP.

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4 Potential Beneficial and Adverse Impacts of Implementing the Project

The identification and assessment of potential social impacts includes short and long-term, direct

and indirect, permanent and temporary as well as positive and negative impacts. The significance,

and hence acceptability, of potential impacts has been determined by the evaluation of the

assessed impacts against socio – economic standards, public opinion, and expert judgment.

It is apparent that transport corridors increase access to markets, education, and health care

facilities, and contribute to poverty reduction; but they are also open pathways for different forms

of environmental degradation such as: deforestation (for corridors, camps, access and diversion

routes), soil erosion (poor design and project management), ecosystem fragmentation

(alignment), entry of new species of animals and plants without natural predators, water pollution

(poor handling of waste materials), and air pollution through increased motorized vehicles that

contribute through increased CO emissions [and other greenhouse gases-GHGs] especially in

urban areas. The Nekempte – Anger Guten – Andhode road upgrading project identified the

following beneficial and adverse social impacts.

4.1 Beneficial Impacts /Potential Positive Impacts

The road upgrading project will involve the improvement of horizontal and vertical curves,

widening of the road width, provision of parking lanes and pedestrian walkways in towns and

villages, new drainage structures and replacement of substandard structures, proper side ditches

and erosion protection structures, and asphalt pavements. In addition, it will integrate

environmental mitigation and benefit enhancement measures. All these features will bring the

following positive environmental and social consequences:

• It will minimize the prevailing dust pollution on the road which is nuisance to the roadside

communities and that damages crops and vegetation along the road,

• It will avoid the existing erosion from the gravel-surfaced road and minimize erosion from

roadside ditches. This will minimize the impacts on downstream water quality resulting from

erosion of particles from the road surfaces and side drains, which cause high turbidity and

pollution,

• It will improve sight distance/visibility for drivers and pedestrians, which in turn will reduce

accident risks for both motorized and non-motorized traffic, and facilitate traffic flows. This is

the result of improved geometry and widened carriageway,

• It will reduce vehicle-operating costs, the need for imports of spare parts and travel time. This

is the result of smoothening of surfaces and better geometry of the road;

• Provision of pedestrian walkways and parking lanes in town and village sections will bring

better safety for pedestrians and non-motorized vehicles.

• This project facilitates the attraction of more agriculture and industry based investment

especially related to fruits and vegetable production and exports;

• Generation of employment through physical works for skilled, semi–skilled and unskilled labor

along the road corridor by so doing the project would contribute to improvements of the local

39

economy; The contractor is expected to create employment opportunities for local laborers

including women in general and give priority for female headed households in particular.

• The project can assist the awareness raising activities in the fight against HTP, HIV/AIDS,

traffic safety etc. during the construction work and beyond;

• The project creates efficient and effective road transport access and reduction of costs of

transport, facilitate travel and transport within the project area and to/and from other places in

the project area and outside the project area.

• The project is expected to further improve market opportunities, provide access to improved

and better social service facilities, create improved communication, improve the supply of

agricultural inputs, enhance investment and employment opportunities, and contribute to

income generating activities.

• The envisaged project has significant contribution in creating better access for Nekempte and

Bure.

• The project area possesses enormous potential of natural resources by virtue of its natural

endowment. The project area is part of the region blessed with fertile soil, huge water bodies,

and livestock. On the other hand, the area has a number of tourist attractions mainly the Blue

Nile River from this side.

• It is anticipated that in relation with the implementation of the road, additional service facilities

will be constructed and more children and women will have sufficient access to schools and

health services.

• As the transport infrastructure is improved (so that mobility is enhanced and VOC and travel

time are reduced), people from the Project and or elsewhere will be attracted to the area for

investment; and this will positively contribute to growth in the micro- as well as the macro-

economy.

4.2 Potential Adverse Impacts

The major potential social impacts of the project road include:

• Temporary loss of 15.02 ha land (for one borrow pit that is 0.02 ha, two quarry sites that is

10.00 ha, and the main camp site that is 5 ha) and permanent loss of 4.0 ha of farmland and 2.6

ha of grazing land for the roadway;

• 12 and 61 houses; respectively, will be partially and fully damaged leading to livelihood and

economic impacts; as a result, a total of 73 houses will be expected to be displaced from the

road ROW limits.

• 1,254 meters long fence made of wood, plants and CIS will be damaged,

• More than 4,000 m long water supply pipeline network will be relocated, which leads to

disruption of water supply;

• 38 electric poles (wooden and concrete) will be relocated that leads to continuous disruption of

electric supply leading to challenge to the residents and business persons;

40

• 15,149 different trees of different sizes (Eucalyptus, Tid, Wanza, Bisana, Muka Arba, Reji,

Mango, Banana, Gelano, Jakaranda, Jatropha, Avocado, Girawa, Gesho, Coffee, etc) will be

directly affected;

• Adverse socio – economic impact on women and vulnerable groups. The adverse impacts that

will be created due to the construction of the project road will affect women more than men.

Among the social impacts, resettlement/relocation of female-headed households and vulnerable

PAPs may lead to the breakdown of social networks. Moreover, in the construction industry,

usually women do not receive equal employment opportunities and payments for similar

services. Such discrimination against women would negatively affect those women who want

to work in the road construction work. In the project road, compensation payments and other

related measures made for PAPs shall be done equally; and it will also take into consideration

the interest of female-headed households and women in general. In order to ensure this, joint

accounts must be opened to manage cash compensation. Women’s risks to STDs, unwanted

pregnancies, and sexual violence may increase due to the influx of the construction workers in

the area. There are 60 female-headed households in this section of the road which need special

consideration and support during compensation payment and relocation and rehabilitation

activities;

• Soil, water resources and air pollution related to construction activities;

• Traffic and occupational related accidents;

• Spread of communicable diseases such as STDs including HIV/AIDS and malaria;

• Pressure on available social services such as water supply and health facilities;

• In this project the problem of squatter settlements seeking for compensation will also be

expected. During asset identification activity, no person was found without legal documents

within the RoW limit.

Table 10: Mitigation Measures Matrix

No Adverse Social

Impacts

Mitigation Measures Responsible Body

1 Loss of productive

assets that include

land, income,

livelihood and

networks

• Limiting land acquisition and

earthmoving activities to the

imperative area necessary for the

works,

• Adopting ‘half-way’ construction

method particularly for sections

running through sensitive areas,

such as Tsige town and Bedhasa

Jarso town sections and farmland

areas;

Contractor and supervision

consultant, ERA’s RoW

Western region branch, Woreda

and Kebele Administrations in

association with sector bureaus

at Woreda level like bureaus of

agriculture and rural

development, rural roads

authority, capacity building.

41

No Adverse Social

Impacts


• Avoiding side-tipping of

excavation materials onto adjacent

farmlands and town sections

especially from km 11 to 22;

• Restoration of areas affected due

to temporary activities especially

borrow pit km 9+100, 9+800

10+400, and 14+400 including

their access roads though

progressive rehabilitation by

marinating minimum slope and

stockpiling top soil;

• Remuneration payments at

replacement rates or replacement

of the lost productive assets.

Income substitution and transfer

costs during reestablishment plus

income restoration measures in

the case of lost livelihoods.

2 Loss of housing

structures and public

utilities and services.

• Compensation for loss of the 73

affected houses, relocation

options and relocation sites

development for the 61 fully

demolished houses, before

commencement of activities in

those sections;

ERA’s RoW Western region

branch, zone sector bureaus of

the Ethio-telecom and

Ethiopian Electric Utility,

Woreda and Kebele

Administration’s, Woreda’s

Asset Valuation Committee,

Resettlement Committee and

lowest level sector bureaus of

water, health, roads, schools and

agriculture.

3 Loss of assets such as

farmlands, grazing

land, trees and

fences.

• Remuneration payments at

replacement rates or replacement

including important provisions up

to restitution of livelihoods to pre-

project level or better through the

livelihood restoration plan;

ERA’s RoW Western region

branch, Woreda and Kebele

Administration’s, Woreda’s

Asset Valuation Committee

sector bureaus like town

administrations, agriculture and

rural development,

4 Spread of

communicable

diseases such as

• Execution of HIV/AIDS

alleviation program at the

ERA’s social management

team and the contractor in

collaboration with Woreda

42

No Adverse Social

Impacts


STDs including

HIV/AIDS and

malaria

workplace based on the sectoral

policy and KAP survey.

• Conduct awareness creation

campaigns on the transmission of

STDs including HIV/AIDS to the

local communities living close to

the workers’ campsite;

• Discourage the influx of sexual

workers from the major towns to

the project area;

• Provide and promote the use of

ITN

health bureaus and available

non-

governmental organizations

along the project corridor.

Project workforces shall sign

respect the workplace code of

conduct upon signing contract

agreement to work with the

project.

Road contractor and

Supervision

Consultant

5 Growth of squatters

and uncontrolled

settlements

• This could be tamed by

controlling ribbon developments

and unlawful squatters in

collaboration with the lowest

administrative bodies after the

cut-off-date;

• Provide squatters with

rehabilitation measures;

• Pay compensation for squatters

for assets lost as per the law.

ERA’s ESMT, RoW Western

region branch, and Woreda

Administrations, the contractor

and supervision consultant, the

Woreda

Asset Valuation Committee,

Resettlement

Committee

6 Pressure on local

facilities and services

due to influx of

people in search of

jobs

• These will be mitigated by

provision of independent basic

facilities and services to the

working forces such as own clinic,

water supply system and getting

electricity from the national grid,

provision of transportation

facilities to workforces and

Ambulance;

The contractor and Kebele.

7 Land acquisition for

the project activities

including for

campsite, quarry site,

borrow pits, and spoil

areas.

• Remuneration payment for the lost

productive asset or replacement of

it with equal productive capacity.

• Select appropriate sites for camp,

quarry, borrow and spoils as per

the recommendation of the ESIA;

ERA’s ESMT and RoW

Western region branch, Woreda

administrations, and Asset

Valuation Committees.

43

No Adverse Social

Impacts


8 Impact on women

• The household

survey in this

section revealed

that there are 60

vulnerable female

headed PAPs (32

tree owners, 1

farmland, 1

grazing land, 16

houses, and 10

fence owners)

• The project shall give priority to all

these PAPs in securing their rights

to the type of property lost to the

project. Furthermore, the project

will provide job opportunity to

these vulnerable households, and

their family members;

• Ensure priority for these vulnerable

PAPs for livelihood restoration

activities as per the interest of these

PAPs’

• Provide the necessary support for

those whose houses and fences

affected. Give priority to secure

replacement land for the farmers

whose farmland and grazing land is

affected,

• Ensure women’s participation by

developing guidelines and

regulations;

• Provide education and awareness

creation on reproductive health,

STDs including HIV/AIDs to all

people residing in the project

influence area.

Contractor, Woreda and Kebele

administrations, ERA’s ESMT

and RoW branches

9 Impact on road safety • Post traffic signs as appropriate

along the paved roads, at the

working stations and detours;

• Provide alternative pedestrian

walkways, or crossings during

construction works;

• Put traffic signage that warns

drivers and pedestrians to take

safety measures in local

languages;

• Train drivers and other road users

with traffic management and

safety measures;

• Encourage the contractor workers

use personal protective equipment

/PPE/ during operation.

ERA, Contractor, Supervision

Consultant

44

No Adverse Social

Impacts


• Deploy 2 up to 3 flagmen at each

structure construction sites, heavy

machinery operation area and

more wherever necessary;

10 Impact caused due to

labor influx

• Select campsites at reasonable

distances from the local

communities’ residences to

avoid/minimize resource

competition, direct contacts that

might cause noise pollution and

the spread of STDs including

HIV/AIDS; Contractor shall

establish a Code of Conduct to be

signed by its employees.

ERA, the Contractor,

Supervision Consultant, Local

administrations

11 Impact on child labor • Observe the FDRE labor law

during employment;

• Take strict measures against

employment of children below the

age of 18.

• Work with the local

administrations to aware the

community about the child labor

laws.

• Contractor shall establish a Code

of Conduct to be signed by its

employees.

ERA, the Contractor,

Supervision Consultant, Local

administrations

45

5 Policy, Legal , Institutional and Administrative Framework

This section describes the policy, legal, Institutional and administrative framework in two sections:

national and international that will guide the implementation of the project road. It reviews the key

and critical aspects of the legal procedures of Ethiopia including the federal constitution and other

related proclamations and the World Bank’s safeguard policies and requirements.

5.1 National Policies and Legal Framework

5.1.1 The FDRE Constitution

The Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, which entered into force as of

August 21st 1995, forms the fundamental basis for enactment of specific legislative instruments

governing environmental matters at National level. In Ethiopia, land ownership and expropriation is

basically a constitutional issue. It is because of this that FDRE constitution is discussed in this RAP.

Land in Ethiopia is a public property and that no individual person has the legal right of ownership,

and hence, rural or urban land could not be sold or mortgaged or transferred; citizens have usufruct

right only over land. A usufruct right gives the user of the land the right to use and the right to benefit

from the fruits of her/his labor which may be crops, trees, etc. found on the land or any permanent

works such as buildings etc. According to the Constitution of Federal Democratic Republic of

Ethiopia (FDRE) article 40.3, land is a public property that no individual person has the legal right

of ownership. There is no private ownership of land in Ethiopia, as per FDRE constitution Article 40

(the Right to property) No.2, “Land is a common property of the Ethiopian Nations, Nationalities

and Peoples of Ethiopia and shall not be subject to sale or to other means of exchange”.

The Constitution Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia clearly states that the Government has the

right to expropriate private property for public use subject to payment in advance of compensation

commensurate to the value of the property. The FDRE Constitution (Article 40, No. 8) states that the

Government has the right to expropriate private property for public purposes by providing the

appropriate compensation.

FDRE Constitution lays down the basis for the property to be compensated in case of expropriation

as a result of State programs or projects in both rural and urban areas. Persons who have lost their

land as a result of acquisition of such land for the purpose of public projects are entitled to be

compensated to a similar land plus the related costs arising from relocation; assets such as buildings,

crops or fruit trees that are part of the land etc. The law does not make any limit on the rural land use

right for peasant farmers, semi pastoralists and pastoralists. If the government wants the land for

public use farmers will be compensated for the property and crop on the land.

In accordance with the proclamation rural land administration and land use, agricultural land can be

transferred to immediate family members, mainly to children and very close relatives. Children who

lost their parents shall have the right to use rural land through legal guardians until they attain 18

46

years of age. A person who wants to make his living through agriculture will have access to rural

land from his parents by donation, inheritance or from the competent authority.

Women have equal right and access to rural land if they want to be engaged in agricultural activities

as FDRE constitution. A land that belongs to household is registered under the name of the wife and

the husband and holding entitlement now belongs to both.

Hence, Article 40 No.7 FDRE Constitution states the right of citizens to develop the land and to have

immovable property and make permanent improvements.

“Every Ethiopian shall have the full right to the immovable property he builds and to the permanent

improvements he brings about on the land by his labor or capital. This right shall include the right to

alienate, to bequeath, and, where the right use expires, to remove his property, transfer his title, or

claim compensation for it. Particulars shall be determined by law”.

Article 40, No. 8 of the Constitution, states that if the land that is used by an individual is expropriated

for public use, the person is entitled for compensation; “… the Government has the right to

expropriate private property for public purposes subject to payment in advance of compensation

commensurate to the value of property”.

Regarding displacement of the public due to development projects, the FDRE Constitution of Article

44 (Environmental Rights) No.2 states that:

“All persons who have been displaced or whose livelihoods have been adversely affected as a result

of state programs have the right to commensurate monetary or alternative means of compensation,

including relocation with adequate state assistance”.

Above all, the Ethiopian Constitution recognizes the presence of different sociocultural groups,

including historically disadvantaged and underserved communities, pastoralists, and minorities, as

well as their rights to socioeconomic equity and justice.

Article 39 of the Ethiopian Constitution recognizes the rights of groups identified as “Nations,

Nationalities and Peoples”. They are defined as “a group of people who have or share a large measure

of common culture or similar customs, mutual intelligibility of language, belief in a common or

related identities, a common psychological make-up, and who inhabit an identifiable, predominantly

contiguous territory.” This represents some 75 out of the 80 groups who are members of the House

of Federation, which is the second chamber of the Ethiopian legislature. The Constitution recognizes

the rights of these Nations, Nationalities and Peoples to: self-determination, including the right to

secession; speak, write and develop their own languages; express, develop and promote their cultures;

preserve their history; and, self-government, which includes the right to establish institutions of

government in the territory that they inhabit and equitable representation in state and Federal

governments. Although, the project target communities do not belong to the above groups, however,

the implementation of this project will respect the spirit and intent of the constitution and will provide

47

special assistance to vulnerable groups, impacted by land take and disruption of economic activities

in the target communities.

In a section that deals with economic, social and cultural rights, Article 41 (9) sets out the State

responsibilities to protect and preserve historical and cultural legacies:

The Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage Proclamation No. 209/2000 of Ethiopia defines

cultural heritage broadly as “anything tangible or intangible which is the product of creativity and

labor of man in the pre-history and history times, that describes and witnesses to the evolution of

nature and which has a major value in its scientific, historical, cultural, artistic and handcraft content.”

Prior approval of the Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage is required to

remove from its original site of an immovable cultural heritage (Art. 21/1). Whenever registered,

movable cultural heritage is encountered during the execution of the project it is possible to remove

such property by notifying the Authority in advance (Art. 21/2).

Any person who destroys or damages cultural heritage intentionally shall be punished with

imprisonment not less than 10 years and not exceeding 20 years

(Art. 45/2/).

5.1.2 FDRE Legislation on Expropriation of Land Holdings (Proclamation No. 455/2005)

The Government of FDRE has issued legislation in July 2005 for the expropriation of landholdings,

which is known as “Expropriation of Land Holdings for Public Purposes and Payment of

Compensation (Proclamation No. 455/2005).” The objectives of the proclamation are to minimize

and mitigate the impacts due to the expropriation of landholdings for public purposes. The

proclamation clarifies and defines who has the power to expropriate landholdings either in urban or

rural sections of the country. As per the proclamation, the power of expropriation of landholdings

mainly rests on Woreda or urban administration authorities. Article 3 No.1 of the proclamation states

that:

“A Woreda or an urban administration shall, upon payment in advance of compensation in

accordance with this proclamation, have the power to expropriate rural or urban landholdings for

public purpose where it believes that it will be used for a better development project to be carried out

by public entities, private investors, cooperative societies or other organs, or where such

expropriation has been decided by the appropriate higher regional or federal government organ for

the same purpose.”

A land holder whose land has been expropriated for public use by the concerned government

authorities is entitled for compensation for his property situated on the land and for the permanent

improvements he made on the land. The amount compensation to be paid for the property situated

on the expropriated land will be determined or calculated on the basis of full replacement cost. For

48

houses in urban areas, the amount of compensation will not be less than the current market value of

construction.

Woreda or urban administration once received details on land acquisition for the construction works

from ERA has to notify in writing to the entity (which is either an individual or an organization) to

be expropriated indicating the time not less than 90 days when the land has to be vacated and the

amount of compensation to be paid. The PAPs once notified will be immediately compensated for

lost assets and properties prior to their relocation or vacating the land.

A rural land holder, where his land does not have any crop or other property on the expropriated land

will hand over within 30 days. The proclamation also clarifies how utility lines that are owned and

provided by Federal or Regional government offices, or by a public enterprise will be treated and

compensated. Utility lines could only be removed from expropriated land by payment of

compensation. The project owner has the responsibility to inform the utility provider in writing by

indicating the exact location of the lines that will be removed.

The utility provider is responsible in determining the amount compensation which is required for

replacing the lines within 30 days of notice; and the body which requested the removal of utility line

has also to pay compensation within 30 days from the date of the receipt of the valuation. Any

expropriated property; in addition to the amount of compensation payment it will also receive a

provision for cost of removal, transportation and erection.

Concerning displacement compensation for rural land holdings; A rural landholder whose land

holding has been permanently expropriated shall, also be paid displacement compensation equivalent

to ten times the average annual income he secured during the five years preceding the expropriation

of the land (Part 3, article 8).

The above proclamation also states that the valuation of property shall be determined on the basis of

valuation formula to be adopted at national level by the Ministry of Federal Affairs. However, until

such time valuation of properties will be carried out by property valuation committees to be

established both in rural and urban areas as stated in article 10 of the proclamation.

In addition to this there are various proclamations applicable for this RAP such as: FDRE Council of

Ministers Regulation (Proclamation No. 135/2007), Rural Land Administration and Land use

Proclamation, economic policy of Ethiopia Involuntary resettlement, and other policies described in

the RPF.

5.1.3 Review of the National and ERA’s HIV/AIDS Policies

Ethiopia is one of the countries in the world that is facing HIV/AIDS pandemics. Having understood

the magnitude of the HIV/AIDS pandemic and its paramount impacts on the socioeconomic

development of the country, the FDRE issued a Policy on HIV/AIDS in 1998, which calls for an

integrated effort of multi-sectoral response to control the epidemic. The National HIV/AIDS Policy

urges communities at large, including government ministries, local governments and the civil society

49

to assume responsibility for carrying out HIV/AIDS awareness and prevention campaigns. The

general objective of the policy is to provide an enabling environment for the prevention and control

of HIV/AIDS in the country. In order to address the problem and coordinate the prevention and

control activities at national level, in 2000 National AIDS Council was established under the

Chairmanship of the country’s President, and in 2002 HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Office was

established.

The transport sector, to which ERA belongs, is among the most susceptible sectors for the spread of

HIV/AIDS. It was in recognizance of this that ERA has issued Sectoral Policy for HIV/AIDS in the

Work places of ERA in June 2004. The policy acknowledges that HIV/AIDS is a reality in the work

places, which may have detrimental effects on its work force. The policy is prepared with the

objectives of developing and implementing an effective workplace program. Some of the policy

objectives of ERA’s HIV/AIDS policy are to create awareness among its employees and promote

effective ways to managing HIV/AIDS and to create supportive environment for those affected.

The principles of the policy are to ensure that employees living with HIV/AIDS have the same right

and obligations; to avoid discriminations and stigmatization of employees with HIV/AIDS to receive

equal treatment; seek to minimize the social and development consequences, provide support

counseling and educational services to infected and affected employees; to establish and maintain an

employee assistance program and ensure sustainable resource for the prevention and control.

ERA has prepared a sectoral policy for HIV/AIDS in the workplaces of ERA (June, 2004). In the

Policy, ERA acknowledges the fact that the HIV/AIDS pandemic is a reality in the work place and

may have detrimental effects on the goals and objectives of the Authority.

Therefore, the authority:

• Commits itself to create a supportive and nondiscriminatory working environment through

dispelling of myths and stereotypes and by ensuring that infected employees are treated in

the same manner as other employees,

• Seeks to minimize the social, economic and developmental consequences to the authority

and its staff,

• Undertakes that management will provide resources and leadership to implement program

for the prevention and control of the HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted Diseases (STDs),

• Commits itself to offering support, counseling and education services to infected and

affected employees;

• Commits itself to establish and maintain an employee assistance program, and

• Insures sustainable resources for the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS.

The ERA task force is responsible and accountable for all programs for prevention and control of

HIV/ AIDS in the authority. The ERA's environmental monitoring and safety branch through the

50

HIV/AIDS program coordinators is responsible for coordinating, implementing, monitoring and

evaluating the policy provisions.

5.1.4 Review of the ERA’s Resettlement/Rehabilitation Policy Framework

ERA’s resettlement/rehabilitation policy framework (RPF), issued in February 2002 and revised in

December 2006, contains various elements that ERA will follow regarding compensation procedures.

The overall objective of the policy framework is to clarify the principles of social impact operations.

Moreover, it also clarifies the principles of reinforcement measures for the positive social impacts

and mitigation measures for addressing negative social impacts induced by road projects.

The policy framework stresses the need to consult and compensate PAPs in relation to resettlement

or relocation and for loss of assets and properties that are affected due to construction of road projects.

Regarding compensation procedures and establishing compensation rates, ERA establishes

compensation committees at project area level by enlisting representatives from government offices

and representatives of PAPs. The compensation committees have the function of conducting the

registration of affected properties and the number of PAPs and determining the compensation rates.

If a dispute arises regarding the amount of compensation to be paid to the project affected persons,

recourse is available to the courts. However, aggrieved PAPs will also have a chance to make their

complaints to the Right of Way (RoW) agent, the consultant and finally to the compensation

committee.

In general, the operational objective of the framework is to provide guidelines to stakeholders

participating in the resettlement operations in order to ensure that project-affected-persons (PAPs)

will not be impoverished by the adverse social impact of the projects. The basic principles imply that

PAPs will be:

• Compensated for loss of assets at replacement cost.

• Given the opportunities to share project benefit.

• Be assisted in case of relocation or resettlement.

The focus will be on restoring the income earning capacity of the project-affected persons. The aim

will be to improve or at least sustain living conditions prior to project operation or resettlement. The

legal framework in general deals with operational procedures, legal framework for expropriation and

compensation, institutional framework, socio-economic background of PAPs, social impacts of the

road rehabilitation program, valuation procedures, consultation and participation procedure, and

monitoring and evaluation arrangements.

5.2 Review of International and Regional Agreements

Over and above the national environmental legislations indicated above, the FDRE is also a party to

the regional and international conventions and protocols pertaining to environment worth mentioning

for this project.

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These Conventions and Protocols include:

• Convention concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage, ratified in

1972.

• Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), ratified in 1989.

• Vienna Convention on Ozone Layer Protection (1990);

• Montreal Protocol for Substances Depleting the Ozone Layer (1990);

• Framework Convention on Climate, ratified in 1994.

• Convention on Biological Diversity, ratified in 1994.

• African Convention on the Conservation on Natural Resources.

• Convention on Desertification ratified 1997.

• Convention on Biodiversity (Rio convention) (1997);

• Framework Convention of United Nations on Climate Change (1997); and

• Convention on the Control of Trans-boundary Movement of Hazardous Substances.

5.3 World Bank Operational Principles

The main objectives of the World Bank Safeguard Policies are to ensure that environmental and

social issues are evaluated in decision making, reduce and manage risk of project/program, and

provide a mechanism for consultation and disclosure of information. The World Bank has 10

environmental, social, and legal Safeguard Policies, of which the ones that are likely triggered by the

proposed Nekempte – Anger Guten – Andhode Road Project are:

• OP/BP 4.01 Environmental Assessment (EA) and Operational Policy 4.04: Natural Habitats, and

Operational Policy/Bank Procedure 4.36 (forests policy) are discussed in details in the ESIA and

ESMP documents;

5.3.1 OP/BP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement

The World Bank (WB) has set a policy and procedures on involuntary resettlement (OP/BP 4.12).

The policy addresses the need for the treatment of project impacts, which cannot be avoided. The

policy also sets eligibility criteria, resettlement instruments and monitoring, and other provisions.

The objectives of the WB policy include:

• Involuntary resettlement will be avoided where feasible, or minimized, exploring all viable

alternative project designs;

• Where it is not feasible to avoid resettlement, resettlement activities will be conceived and

executed as sustainable development programs, providing sufficient investment resources to

enable persons displaced by the project to share in project benefits. Displaced will be

meaningfully consulted and will have opportunities to participate in planning and implementing

resettlement programs;

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• Displaced persons will be assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and standards

of living or at least to restore them, in real terms, to pre displacement levels or to levels

prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher.

The World Bank Operational Policy (OP 4.12) includes safeguards to address and mitigate the

involuntary resettlement of PAPs. The World Bank’s Policy objectives urge that involuntary

resettlement be avoided whenever possible. If unavoidable, displaced persons need to:

• Share in project benefits;

• Participate in planning and implementation of resettlement programs, assisted and

• Be assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods or standard of livings or at least; to

restore them, in real terms, to pre-displacement levels or levels prevailing prior to the beginning

of project implementation, whichever is higher. Thus, the objective of this policy is to either

avoid or minimize involuntary resettlement where feasible, exploring all viable alternative

project designs, assist displaced persons in improving their former living standards, income

earning capacity, and production levels, or at least in restoring them, encourage community

participation in planning and implementing resettlement, and provide assistance to affected

people regardless of the legality of land tenure.

This policy will be triggered by the Nekempte–Anger Guten–Andhode Road Project since its

implementation is likely to displace families residing along the road, particularly along the section in

Nekempte, Tsige, Lelistu Anger, and Anger Guten towns and along the section.

5.3.2 Eligibility Criteria

The ERA/RPF Policy Framework is in line with the eligibility criteria contained in OP 4.12 of the

World Bank’s operational manual and Involuntary Resettlement Policy. Accordingly, compensation

for lost assets and replacement costs is made for both titled and untitled land holders and property

owners. In this project the absence of formal titles will not be a barrier to resettlement assistance and

rehabilitation.

All PAPs and organizations losing land, buildings/houses, crops or sources of income will be

compensated or rehabilitated according to the types and amount of their loss (permanent or

temporary) at replacement cost. All PAPS, with or without legal tile, are taken into consideration and

accounted for. Also, due compensation will be paid for public utilities, telephone and electricity poles

as well as water distribution points and water pipelines. `

Compensation, both small and large amounts, will be paid either in cash or by cheque, following the

agreement with the individual PAP’s. Disbursements will be ensured by ERA and will take place in

the presence of the compensation committee as well as the spouse or spouses of the individual PAPs.

53

The cut-off date for compensation eligibility has been set at August, 2016. A careful count and

identification of the existing properties and affected persons has been conducted together with local

officials. Thus, any person who constructs a house or a structure in the right-of-way after the cut-off

date will not be eligible to compensation or subsidies. The date has been made public to the people

and to the local officials through public consultations after the cut -of- date.

5.4 Comparison between national law on land use and Bank OP 4.12

There are issues where national law and the Bank law differ in land entitlements definition in relation

to the date when land is owned by individuals. There are discrepancies between the national law and

the World Bank’s operational principles concerning compensation for activities that encroach the

RoW before the cut–off– date.

The law relating to land administration in Ethiopia is varied; entitlements for payments of

compensation are essentially based on right of ownership. The Bank’s OP 4.12 is fundamentally

different from this and states that affected persons are entitled to some form of compensation whether

or not they have legal titles if they occupy the land before the cut-off-date.

While OP 4.12 requires that compensation be completed prior to the start of the project, there are no

similar timetables set out in Ethiopian laws or regulations. Additionally, there is no provision for

relocation assistance, transitional support or the provision of civic infrastructure under Ethiopian law.

Additionally, Ethiopian law does not make any specific accommodation for squatters or illegal

settlers, other than recognition of some use-rights, such as when settlers can claim rights to the land.

OP 4.12 requires that affected communities be consulted regarding project implementation and

resettlement. Affected communities will also receive the opportunity to participate, implement, and

monitor resettlement. However, Ethiopian law states that, when it is determined that a right of way

must be established, the expropriation rights of the State take precedence, although the Constitution

protects the individual’s use-rights.

Ethiopian law makes no specific accommodations for potentially vulnerable groups such as women,

children, the elderly, ethnic minorities, indigenous people, the landless, and those living under the

poverty line. These groups are at highest risk to experience negative effects due to resettlement, and

will receive special consideration during the preparation of a resettlement policy framework to assure

that they can maintain at least the same standard of living after displacement takes place. Finally,

there is also no provision in the law that the state will attempt to minimize involuntary resettlement.

However, this appears to be implicit in the country’s constitution.

Therefore, as this is a Bank funded project, the principles of OP 4.12 are not negotiable. The Bank’s

OP 4.12 must be adhered to. As a result, all the land to be acquired by the governments for this project

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would be so acquired subject to the laws of Ethiopia and the Bank OP 4.12. Where there is conflict,

the stricter policy regulation in favor of PAPs must take precedence.

5.5 Gaps between the Ethiopian Legislations and the World Bank Policies

The preparation and content of this RAP is within Ethiopia’s existing legal and administrative

framework and that of the World Bank’s policy on involuntary resettlement. The Ethiopian law and

regulations and requirements for resettlement and rehabilitation are not fully compatible and it has

some difference with that of the WB. In case of conflict or gaps between the Federal Democratic

republic of Ethiopia’s law and the World Bank Policies, OP 4.12 will prevail as the final and this

RAP will be an international credit agreement between the Government of Ethiopia and the WB.

55

Table 11: Gaps between Ethiopian Law and WB Policy

Section Ethiopian Law World Bank Policy Gap filling measures

Squatters and

illegal settlers

The Ethiopian law doesn’t

accommodate squatters and

illegal settlers.

OP 4.12 states that

squatters are provided

resettlement assistance

in lieu of

compensation for the

land they occupy, and

other assistance, as

necessary, to achieve

the objectives set out in

this policy, if they

occupy the project area

prior to a cut-off date

As per the RPF in this

project squatters will

be considered to have

equal rights for

compensation for the

land they occupy and

other assistance

indicated in the

policy.

Assistance to

tenants

The law doesn’t provide any

assistance for those tenants

renting houses either from

individuals or government.

It only mentions provision of

rehabilitation support to the

extent possible. It doesn’t

specify what this

rehabilitation support will be

and how it will be provided.

WB policy states that

tenants will be

provided with rent and

related supports and

with income

restoration measures.

Tenants will be

provided with rent and

related supports and

income restoration

measures.

Grievance

redress

Fails to recognize that PAPs

will have a voice by electing

their representatives to the

arbitrational tribunal or

being represented in the

other committees.

WB policy recognizes

that PAPs will be

represented and that

their grievances

addressed.

In the course of

implementation of this

RAP, PAPs will have

their representatives at

all levels of the

administrative

structure including

Kebeles and all the

grievances of every

single PAP will be

properly addressed by

the Grievance redress

committee

Compensation

payment and

relocation

The Ethiopian law also

doesn’t make clear

provisions for relocation

related costs and it also does

not mention about provision

of social infrastructures and

facilities for resettled/

PAPs will be given a

number of supports

including socio

economic support,

infrastructural and

livelihood restoration

measures

During the

implementation of the

RAP, PAPs will be

provided with

livelihood options to

ensure livelihood

restoration; with due

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relocated persons in their

new location.

attention to vulnerable

groups.

Location

Advantage

Ethiopia’s law fails to

consider the location

advantage that both business

and residential houses will

have on compensation

estimate.

Compensation

payment will consider

all the benefits PAPs

will lose by being

relocated and

compensation

estimates are made on

the basis of

replacement cost and

consider market values

in relation to the

location advantage of

the lost property and

asset.

For the PAPs of this

project compensation

payment will consider

all their benefits

which they might lose

due to their relocation.

Moreover,

compensation

estimates are made on

the basis of

replacement cost

taking market values

into consideration.

Involvement

of NGOs and

CBOs

The Ethiopian law also does

not clearly show how NGOs,

CBOs and Faith based

organization can participate

and contribute.

Clearly states the

involvement of non-

state actors such as

NGOs /CBOs in

monitoring and

providing socio

economic support to

displaced populations.

For the

implementation of this

RAP non state actors

may be involved in the

monitoring and

providing socio

economic support to

PAPs.

Support to

vulnerable

groups

Does not have any provision

to assist Vulnerable and

disadvantaged groups.

Bank policy gives

high importance that

vulnerable groups will

be given fair treatment

and also receive

support in training and

rehabilitation

measures.

For the successful

implementation of the

project, vulnerable

groups will be given

better treatment and

also receive support in

training and

rehabilitation

measures.

LRP Doesn’t have any provision

to restore PAPs livelihood

apart from paying

compensation for the lost

asset

Bank policy gives high

important that people’s

livelihood is fully

restored

The project will

prepare detail

livelihood restoration

plan as outline in this

RAP and

implemented it

accordingly.

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Consultation

and disclosure

of information

Does not explicitly specify

consultation with affected

persons through the process

and no requirement of

document disclosure

OP 4.12 requires that

affected communities be

consulted regarding project

implementation,

opportunity to participate,

implement, and monitor

resettlement activities.

The project shall

ensure adequate,

inclusive and

participatory

consultation is

implemented and

all project

documents are

publicly disclosed.

Cut of date Nothing is said on the cut-off date

on the Proclamation 455/2005 or

on the constitution.

Persons occupying the

program area after the cut-

off date are not eligible for

compensation and/or

resettlement assistance.

Similarly, fixed assets

established after the cutoff

date are not eligible for

compensation.

Cut-off date should be set

and communicated

properly with all key

stakeholders including

PAPs and apply whenever

needed

Salvage value

ERA’s RPF also does not take

into account depreciation and

salvage materials in

determining replacement cost.

WB policy does not take

into account the

depreciation of the asset

and value of salvage

materials in determining

the replacement cost.

No gap.

5.6 Institutional and Administrative Framework

5.6.1 Federal Government

The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia is administered through a hierarchical system of

National Regional States, Zones (within Regions), Woredas (similar to districts) and Kebeles

(lower level Administrative units. The Federal Government acts from the centre to the regions

and localities, and its respective duties and authority including fiscal matters at the different

levels (Federal, Regional and Local) have been defined by the Constitution.

5.6.2 National Regional Government

The duties and responsibilities of the National Regional States include planning, directing and

developing social and economic programs as well as the administration, development and

protection of natural resources of their respective regions; establishment of a State

administration that advances self-government and democratic order, protection of the Federal

Constitution; enactment of the State constitutions and subordinate laws; formulation and

execution of economic, social and development policies, strategies and plans of the State;

administration of land and other natural resources in accordance with Federal laws;

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establishment and administration of the state police force; maintaining public order and peace

within the State and Establish Sectoral Bureau, Commissions and Authorities. The role of zonal

administration is to liaison between the Regional and Woreda administrations in overall

socioeconomic matters.

5.6.3 .Local Government

In the project areas, the nearest and strongest local administration is the Woreda which is a

governmental organization structured to implement the Federal and Regional Government

policy and regulation. The Administration of the Woreda is led by a Chief Executive

Administrator and Deputy Administrator at the top, while under him/her there are different

sector offices led by appointed office heads from Woreda Council Members. The heads of the

different offices at Woreda level form a cabinet and they are responsible for the implementation

of development and service programs of the respective Woreda.

Woreda Council is the other organ that exists at Woreda level and its main roles and

responsibilities are to follow up the implementation of laws, rules and regulations that are passed

by the Federal and the National Regional Governments. Woreda Council is headed by two

spokesmen as a Chief and the second as a Deputy. At the district level, the Woredas are a key focus of the government's commitment to decentralized delivery

of services. The various departments at the Woreda level have specialists who advise development agents

(DA) working at the village level. They are called upon to provide inputs and management controls related

to soil and water conservation, small scale irrigation development, rainwater harvesting, road development

and water supply, sanitation and waste management associated with rehabilitated schools and clinics. More

specifically, the Woreda administration is responsible for:

▪ Implementation of the policies, laws and directives of the State.

▪ Co-ordination of the activities of various offices in the Woreda.

▪ Maintenance of peace and security in the Woreda directing the police and security forces.

▪ Planning and implementing projects.

▪ Supervision of development programs within the Woreda.

The Kebele is the lowest administrative level structure and usually may occupy sub kebeles. The main

responsibilities of kebele administration include preparing an annual Kebele development plan; ensuring

the collection of land and agricultural income tax; organizing local labor and in-kind contributions to

development activities; and resolving conflicts within the community through the social courts.

However, there are significant capacity gaps in designing, planning and implementing programs and

projects at this level , which have been affecting the quality of the implementation of policies and programs

at local level. The Woreda offices have serious shortage of staff both in number and qualification, and staff

turnover is also high.

5.6.4 Ethiopian Roads Authority

The Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) is an autonomous Federal Government office and is

accountable to the Ministry of Transport. It is re-established for the second time by the council

of Minister’s regulation No. 247/2011. ERA is managed by a Board whose members are

assigned by the Government and its day to day management is carried out by a Director General

that is assigned by the Government.

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The objectives for its reestablishment are to develop and administer roads, create conducive

conditions for the coordinated development of road networks; and ensure the maintenance of

standards in road construction.

The construction of roads requires land acquisition and expropriation for the ROW, Access road

construction, Campsites, Quarry sites; borrow pit and other similar activities. According to the

reestablishment of proclamation of ERA; it is responsible for the preparation of RAP for road

projects and to initiate land acquisition and expropriation. As stated in its powers and duties

ERA is responsible for the following activities that are directly related to land acquisition and

many others.

• Prepare or cause the preparation of designs and feasibility, environmental and other related

studies required for road works;

• determining the extent of land required for its activities in the adjacency of roads;

• cause the use of, free of charge, land and quarry substances required for the purpose of

road works, camp, offices, storage of equipment and other related services;

• acquire land required for road works by paying compensation for land possessors and

property owners in accordance with the law;

• to take necessary measures to protect the environment whenever road works are

undertaken.

ERA's Environmental and Social Management Team (ESMT)

ERA has established an Environmental and Social Management Team (ESMT) within the

Planning and Program Management Directorate to address environmental and social issues

arising from the road development program. The main responsibilities of the unit will include:

▪ Advising senior management and assisting in the decision-making process on all road

sector environmental and social issues;

▪ Ensuring that environmental and social issues are adequately addressed in connection

with the activities of all ERA departments and divisions;

▪ Carrying out or supervising EIAs and RAPs for road sector projects.

Right-of-Way Management Teams (ROWMT)

Following ERA's restructuring which took place in 2010 five Right-of-Way Management Teams, have been

organized under each Regional Directorate. The ROW Management teams under ERA’s Design and Build

Contract Management Directorate is responsible for making available the required land for road/highway

construction and maintenance, the establishment of materials sources (borrower pits and quarries) and camp

sites and for implementation of Resettlement Action Plans (RAP).

The Right-of-Way Management Teams are responsible to identify and register all the PAPs and measure

all affected properties and assets and also estimate its costs in liaison with the respective Woreda

compensation and property valuation committees. Once the identification and registration of PAPs and their

affected properties and assets is completed the ROW agent will review and send ERA’s Design and Build

Contract Management Directorate to effect the payment.

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The Design and Build Contract Management Directorate is under the Legal Affairs Service Division which

is accountable to the Director General of ERA. Some of the activities and responsibilities assigned for the

division consist of drafting, reviewing, analysing and approving construction contract documents. Contract

awarding with other assigned members of committee is the other responsibility of the division in the

authority. The legal affairs service division develops and implements strategies for claims and dispute

resolutions which serve as inputs to the ROW Management Teams and regional legal advocates.

ERA's Legal Affairs Service Directorate

The Legal Affairs Service Directorate is accountable to the Director General of ERA. Some of

the activities and responsibilities assigned for the Directorate consist of drafting, reviewing,

analyzing and approving construction contract documents. Contract awarding with other

assigned members of committee is the other responsibility of the Directorate. The Directorate

develops and implements strategies for claims and dispute resolutions which serve as inputs to

the ROW Management Teams and regional legal advocates.

5.6.5 National Regional State

Since this road project is fully located in Oromia National Regional State, it has an important

and significant role to play in the implementation of this RAP by giving guidance and in

coordinating the Administrative zones and Woredas crossed by the project road. According to

the Constitution of FDRE, Regional States have the duties and responsibilities for planning,

directing and developing social and economic programs, as well as the administration,

development and protection of resources of their respective regions.

Hence, the Oromia National Regional State is the major stakeholder in the coordination and

implementation of this RAP and other associated activities.

5.6.6 Woreda Administration

The Woreda administration offices that are located along the project road corridor will have a

major role and responsibility in the planning and implementation of the resettlement activities

in their respective localities. The respective Woreda administration will be the main contact and

is also responsible to facilitate the relocation of PAPs and work closely with ERA's ROW

Agents. The respective Woreda Administration will be responsible in establishing Resettlement

and Implementation Committee and the Property valuation committees; in coordinating the

valuation process and facilitate compensation for PAP; in facilitating land for land

compensation, facilitating the relocation sites and the restoration of services, and maintain data

of properties removed from expropriated land.

The respective Woreda level sectoral offices, such as, agriculture, environment, justice and water

play important roles in the implementation of this RAP in participating in compensation,

property valuation and grievance committees.

5.6.7 Kebele Administration

Kebele administration units are the smallest unit of administration in Ethiopia and that has its

own elected council and executive body. Kebele administration provides advice on the fairness

61

in relocation process and valuation of compensation and coordinates on the support to be made

for vulnerable groups. They work closely with the Woreda resettlement/compensation

committee and property valuation committee. Kebele administration has the direct contact with

PAPs and the focal point to address the problems issues to be raised by PAPs.

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6 Eligibility Criteria and Entitlements Matrix

The October 2013, RPF and the environmental procedure manual of the ERA clearly sets the

eligibility criteria for resettlement/relocation of PAPs. The aforementioned documents are

organized in line with the eligibility criteria set in the Federal Constitution and the World Bank’s

OP/BP 4.12 on involuntary resettlement.

The FDRE’s constitution, ERA’s environmental procedure manual and the Bank's policy

objective requires to at least maintaining the level of living conditions of PAPs in situations

under "without–project" scenario, a strategy for enabling them maintain their former standard of

living needs to be linked to what PAPs have lost. Therefore, PAPs by land acquisition, and

relocation and/or rehabilitation of structures/assets, are entitled to a combination of

compensation measures and resettlement assistance, depending on the nature of ownership rights

of lost assets and scope of the impact, including social and economic vulnerability of the affected

persons. In general terms, the PAPs will be entitled to various types of compensation and

resettlement assistance that will ensure those to restore their livelihoods, at least, to the pre-

project standards.

Thus, the following criteria are adopted for this RAP:

• Those who have formal legal right to land (including customary and traditional rights

recognized by law of the country);

• Those who do not have formal legal rights to land at the time the census begins but

have a claim to such lands or assets - provided that such claims are recognized under

the laws of the country or can become recognized through a process identified in the

resettlement plan;

• Those who have spouses will open joint bank account that both husbands and wives

could benefit equally with the compensation money they receive; and

• Those who have no recognizable legal right or claim to the land they are occupying.

It is also evident that some PAPs may not be eligible for resettlement and there may be

encroachers to the RoW or some new inflow of people into the RoW seeking eligibility for

compensation. Hence, those persons who encroach on the area after a ‘cut-off date’ will be

subject to expropriation and will not be entitled for compensation. During Public consultations

and meetings held with local officials, it was confirmed that local authorities agreed to ensure

that no person will be allowed to encroach to the RoW after the cutoff date, which is from August

09, 2016, where the household survey was carried out.

However, during implementation of this RAP each affected Household head or individual person

or party that claim entitlement have to prove their rights over the immovable to be expropriated

in order to qualify as a legitimate owner to receive compensation in line with the applicable

policy framework outlined above.

Squatters (in urban or rural areas) and encroachers (into community and state forest areas) may

be relatively recent arrivals on unused land. If such people arrived before the entitlements cut-

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off date they are eligible for compensation for any structures, crops or land improvements that

they will lose. The government will pay the equivalent amount of relocation/rehabilitation

assistance.

For squatters who do not depend on agriculture, Woreda officials will identify alternative income

restoration options in close consultation with the squatters themselves. Squatters who occupy

right of way will be provided with housing or income-earning opportunities elsewhere.

Based on analysis of the impact of the project and the criteria for eligibility, the entitlement

matrix proposes eligibility and payments for all kinds of losses (e.g., land, housing, businesses,

and temporary loss of income, displacement, and moving costs). It sets standards for

compensation. The following entitlement matrix is developed based on categories of PAPs

according to losses and their entitlement benefits.

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Table 12: Entitlement Matrix

Land & Assets Types of Impact Person(s)Affected Compensation/Entitlement/Benefits

Agricultural

land

Cash compensation

for affected land

equivalent to market

value. Less than 20%

of land holding

affected Land remains

economically viable.

Farmer/ title holder Cash compensation for affected land equivalent to replacement value,

taking into account market values for the land.

Tenant/ lease holder

Cash compensation for the harvest or product from the affected land

or asset, equivalent to average market value of last 3 years, or market

value of the crop for the remaining period of tenancy/ lease agreement,

whichever is greater.

Greater than 20% of

land holding lost

Land does not become

economically viable.

Farmer/ Title holder

Land for land replacement where feasible or compensation in cash for

the entire landholding according to PAP’s choice, taking into account

market values for the land.

Land for land replacement will be in terms of a new parcel of land of

equivalent size and productivity with a secure tenure status at an

available location which is acceptable to PAPs. Transfer of the land

to PAPs shall be free of taxes, registration and other costs.

Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + assistance in re-establishing

economic trees + allowance up to a maximum of 12 months while

short- term crops mature)




Tenant/ Lease holder

Cash compensation equivalent to average of last 3 years’ market value

for the mature and harvested crop or market value of the crop for the

remaining period of tenancy/ lease agreement, whichever is greater.



short- term crops mature

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Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + allowance).

Commercial

Land

Land used for business

partially affected

Limited loss

Title holder/ business owner

Cash compensation for affected land, taking into account market

values for the land.

Opportunity cost compensation equivalent to 5% of net annual income

based on tax records for previous year (or tax records from

comparable business, or estimates where such records do not exist).

Business owner is lease holder

Opportunity cost compensation equivalent to 10% of net annual

income based on tax records for previous year (or tax records from

comparable business, or estimates where such records do not exist)

Assets used for

business severely

affected

If partially affected,

the remaining assets

become insufficient

for business purposes

Title holder/business owner

Land for land replacement or compensation in cash according to

PAP’s choice; cash compensation to take into account market values

for the land. Land for land replacement will be provided in terms of a

new parcel of land of equivalent size and market potential with a

secured tenure status at an available location which is acceptable to

the PAP.

Transfer of the land to the PAP shall be free of taxes, registration, and

other costs.

Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + allowance)

Opportunity cost compensation equivalent to 2 months net income


comparable business, or estimates)

Business person is lease holder



comparable business, or estimates), or the relocation allowance,

whichever is higher.

66


Relocation assistance (costs of shifting)

Assistance in rental/ lease of alternative land/ property (for a

maximum of 6 months) to re-establish the business.

Residential

Land

Land used for

residence partially

affected, limited loss

Remaining land viable

for present use.

Title holder Cash compensation for affected land, taking into account market

values for the land

Rental/ lease holder Cash compensation equivalent to 10% of lease/ rental fee for the

remaining period of rental/ lease agreement (written or verbal)

Title holder

Land for land replacement or compensation in cash according to

PAP’s choice; cash compensation to take into account market values

for the land.

Land for land replacement shall be of minimum plot of acceptable size

under the zoning law/ s or a plot of equivalent size, whichever is

larger, in either the community or a nearby resettlement area with

adequate physical and social infrastructure systems as well as secured

tenure status.

When the affected holding is larger than the relocation plot, cash

compensation to cover the difference in value.

Transfer of the land to the PAP shall be free of taxes, registration, and

other costs.


Land and assets used

for residence severely

affected

Remaining area

insufficient for

continued use or

becomes smaller than

Rental/ lease holder

Refund of any lease/ rental fees paid for time/ use after date of

removal

Cash compensation equivalent to 3 months of lease/ rental fee

Assistance in rental/ lease of alternative land/ property


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minimally accepted

under zoning laws

Buildings and

structures

Structures are partially

affected

Remaining structures

viable for continued

use

Owner

Cash compensation for affected building and other fixed assets, taking

into account market costs of structures and materials

Cash assistance to cover costs of restoration of the remaining structure


Cash compensation for affected assets, taking into account market

costs for assets and materials (verifiable improvements to the property

by the tenant).

Disturbance compensation equivalent to two months rental costs

Entire structures are

affected or partially

affected

Remaining structures

not suitable for

continued use

Owner

Cash compensation, taking into account market rates for structures

and materials, for entire structure and other fixed assets without

depreciation, or alternative structure of equal or better size and quality

in an available location which is acceptable to the PAP.

Right to salvage materials without deduction from compensation


Rehabilitation assistance if required (assistance with job placement,

skills training)


Cash compensation for affected assets, taking into account market

rates for materials (verifiable improvements to the property by the

tenant)

Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + allowance equivalent to four

months rental costs)

Assistance to help find alternative rental arrangements

Rehabilitation assistance if required (assistance with job placement,

skills training)

Squatter/informal dweller Cash compensation for affected structures without depreciation,

taking into account market rates for materials

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Right to salvage materials without deduction from compensation

Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + assistance to find alternative

secure accommodation preferably in the community of residence

through involvement of the program)

Alternatively, assistance to find accommodation in rental housing or

in a squatter settlement scheme, if available

Rehabilitation assistance if required assistance with job placement,

skills training.

Street vendor (informal without title

or lease to the stall or shop)



comparable business, or estimates), or the relocation allowance,

whichever is higher.

Relocation assistance (costs of shifting)

Assistance to obtain alternative site to re- establish the business.

Standing crops

Crops affected by land

acquisition or

temporary acquisition

or easement

PAP (whether owner, tenant, or

squatter)

Cash compensation equivalent to average of last 3 years market value

for the mature and harvested crop.

Trees Trees lost Title holder Cash compensation based on type, age and productive value of

affected trees plus 10% premium

Temporary

Acquisition Temporary acquisition

PAP (whether owner, tenant, or

squatter)

Cash compensation for any assets affected, taking into account market

values for materials (e. g. boundary wall demolished, trees removed)

Assistance for

vulnerable

Groups

Disproportion impact

due to age, sex,

disability, etc

Vulnerable Groups like poor elderly

persons, disabled persons, women

headed households

Special support will be provided during relocation in addition to

timely payment of compensation for the lost assets like reconstruction

of the affected houses, transporting their household materials to the

new site as well as monetary support

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Livelihood

restoration

Economic

displacement of PAPs

PAPs who lost more than 20% of their

land holdings/ source of income

ERA will prepare livelihood restoration plan and will implement the

activities in the respective woredas for PAPs who lost more than 20%

of their land holdings /source of income.

Note: The compensation for affected rural residences is similar to the one stated to the urban population. As to the 1995 constitution of the

Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, there will not be a tenant farmer. This is strictly stipulated in article 40(3) of the constitution. In

that “land shall not be subject to sale or other means of transfer.

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7 Valuation and Compensation Methods for Lost Assets

7.1 Principles for Compensation

The following considerations and assumptions were applied in assessing the amount of compensation for

loss of houses and businesses:

• Compensation’s and entitlements provided to PAPs are adequate to at least maintain or improve their

pre-project standard of living;

• Compensation’s for replacement of houses and buildings are calculated at the current construction

cost (based on the floor area and type of construction material) without allowing for depreciation of

the assets to be replaced;

• Urban landholders who will be completely displaced from their locations are entitled to displacement

compensation equivalent to the estimated annual rent of the house to be demolished;

• Partially affected houses are considered as fully affected if impacted 25 % or above or if not repairable

and are entitled to compensation for the entire house;

• The entire project affected persons, irrespective of whether they have formal legal title to land or not,

are considered for compensation.

7.2 Compensation Procedure and Approach

The compensation procedures and approach in this RAP will adopt the following three steps.

1. Establishment of Property Valuation Committees: Property valuation committees will be established in

Sasiga Woreda involving the three rural Kebeles (Haro Feyisa, Tokuma Tsige, and Bedhasa Jarso) that

are traversed by the project road. The composition and number of the committee members will be

determined as per the FDRE law. The property and valuation committee established as per FDRE

proclamation will not exceed 5 members. The property valuation committee for rural and urban areas

will be different. The property valuation committees will provide PAPs with adequate valuation of

affected properties and assets and estimates the compensation for the assets they will be losing; proper

valuation will be undertaken by the valuation committee and reviewed by the resettlement/compensation

committee.

2. Establishing Unit Rates: Unit rates will be established for each of the expropriated assets and properties

by the project. The unit rates will be established for each of the affected properties and assets that are

expropriated due to the construction works of the road on the basis of the current market value.

3. Assessment of Properties and Assets: All properties and assets affected by the project will be assessed

at a full replacement cost, which is based on the present value of replacement.

Compensation payment to PAPs will be effected after the property valuation committee makes the final

estimate of compensation payable at a full replacement cost and reviewed by the Resettlement Committee

and finally approved by ERA’s Western Region Directorate.

Payment to affected properties and assets will be effected before the commencement of the road

construction works. The payment procedures and mechanisms to be adopted will be simple and easily

understandable to PAPs also. Compensation payment will address what, how and when to compensate for

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(e.g. land, structures, businesses, fixed improvements or temporary impacts, lost income). In case physical

relocation to a resettlement site is necessary, the resettlement site will be prepared with adequate public

infrastructure prior to relocation. Sufficient time will be allocated for households to rebuild their residences

and relocate prior to project impacts.

7.3 Methods of Valuing Compensation for Loss of Houses and Business

On the basis of proclamation number 455/2005 and World Bank OP 4.12 Operational policy for involuntary

resettlement, compensation for expropriation of landholdings for public purposes or impacts of projects has

to be calculated based on full replacement cost approach. Replacement cost as discussed in OP 4.12 “is the

method of valuation of assets that helps to determine the amount sufficient to replace lost assets and cover

transaction costs including moving allowance. In applying this method of valuation, depreciation of

structures and assets will not be taken into account”. Hence, in determining the replacement cost,

depreciation of assets and salvage materials are not taken into account, nor is the value of benefits to be

derived from the project deducted from the valuation of affected assets. For inventory of assets, land

acquisition surveys, valuation of properties and delivery of entitlements the team worked with the Woreda

compensation committees. Accordingly, the following variables are adopted for valuation of affected

houses and other structures.

1. The current construction cost for replacement (with no allowance for depreciation) is considered.

2. The compensation rate is estimated on the basis of the type of the affected houses or other structures.

3. The cost of each house and other buildings that would be replaced is estimated on the basis of

specification’s and current market prices.

Accordingly, compensation amounts for houses and other buildings worked out on the basis of the current

cost per square meter or unit for replacing a comparable one. This method is applicable for impacted fences

as well. For the methods of valuing affected social services, fruit and eucalyptus trees and business both

productivity valuation methods, current market valuation, material and labor valuation and average monthly

income are taking into consideration.

For the losses that cannot easily be valued or compensated for in monetary term, (e.g. access to public

services, grazing lands, customers and suppliers etc.) attempts shall be made to establish access to

equivalent and culturally acceptable resources and earning opportunities. (OP4.12)

Businesses that are temporary affected will be compensated based on the evidence provided by the PAPs

on their income. Those PAPs including squatters/informal settlers will receive comparable amount of

monetary compensation for the duration of time their business will be affected. Methods of Valuing

Compensation for Loss of Farmlands

Proclamation 455/2005, Article 8(1) states that a rural landholder whose holding has been expropriated

permanently shall be paid for the loss equivalent to ten times the average annual income he secured during

the five years preceding the expropriation of the land. Hence, for valuing compensation for loss of farmlands

or in determining the unit rate/ value per hectare of farmland, average yield and the unit price of the major

crops grown in the area are taken in to consideration and the weighted average is calculated to gain the

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amount of money collected per hectare / annum. OP4.12 states that the preferred option for loss of farmlands

permanently is land based or land to land compensation with similar productive potential, location

advantages and other factors at least equivalent to the possessed one. If this option is not matched or land

to land compensation is not attainable, a non-land options have to be implemented that includes employment

or self-employment and other assistances in addition to cash compensation for the land and other assets lost.

The compensation principles for temporary and permanent loss of land and crops are given in table 12.

7.4 Compensation for Loss Houses and Fences

The project would affect 73 housing units, where 61 housing units are fully affected and 12 houses are

partially affected with < 20 % of their total area. The total area of affected houses is 1,204.24 m2. Out of

the total affected houses 3 are Tukul houses with 27.27 m2 total area, 60 houses are made from Mud and

Wood Wall, Soil Floor with Corrugated Sheet Roof with 1,018.89 m2 total area, and 10 houses are made

from Mud and Wood Wall, Concrete Cemented Floor with Corrugated Sheet Roof with 158.15 m2 total

area.

Although a total of 61 housing units are fully affected and needs physical relocation, household survey and

consultation with these PAPs revealed that PAPs prefer to construct their houses on their remaining plot of

land at their back yards than relocating in a different area as long as adequate compensation and sufficient

time are allocated to construct their new houses and maintain their livelihood. However, six households

who don’t have sufficient land at their back yards requested to relocate in a different area. With this

connection, the Woreda administration(Sassiga Woreda) and Tsige Kebele administration in consultation

with these PAPs is working to identify a relocation site with basic infrastructure services including

electricity and water supply network. The project will ensure that replacement land is allocated, sufficient

relocation time provided and compensation at full replacement cost paid and before any land acquisition.

In case additional basic infrastructure is necessary, ERA will provide the necessary resources to the Woreda

to provide the needed basic infrastructure service. All social institutions (Idir and Mahiber) have agreed to

provide all the necessary supports for the vulnerable persons despite the financial support and training

supports provided by the ERA.

Regarding fences there are 112 fence owners accounting for 1,254 m long fence made of wood, natural

fence and CIS will be affected by the construction of the project road. Among the total fence owners,

wooden fence owners are 62 with a total length of 930 m, while owners of fences made of CIS are 2 with

28 m length. The remaining 296 m length fence is natural shrubs and trees including thorns.

The total cost for the affected houses and fences is Birr 4,318,590.00 and Birr 444,320.00; respectively.

Based on the information gathered from Sassiga Woreda Administration and Agriculture and Rural

Development Office, the following rates are applied for compensation computation in this updated RAP.

Table 13: Compensation rates for affected houses and fences.

Table 13: Cost estimation for the affected houses and fences

Affected House/ Fence Unit Birr/ Unit

73

Wood and Mud building with soil floor and CIS roof m² of built area 3,500.00

Wood and Mud building with Concrete cemented floor and CIS

roof

m² of built area 4,500.00

Tukul house with thatched roof m² 1,500.00

Wooden fence m 460.00

CIS Fence m 590.00

7.5 Compensation for Permanent Loss of Farmlands

The principle for permanent loss of agricultural land /crop loss/ is that it should be compensated with land

for land compensation (or land for land replacement) in those areas where land is available for replacement.

In the extent at which the agricultural land lost cannot be replaced, the principles for monetary compensation

will apply.

Compensation for permanent loss of farmland depends on the average income from the same land for the

five preceding years of expropriation multiplied by ten years. Steps followed to calculate the average income

is presented below:

Steps 1 – Primarily, the average yield (for six commonly grown crops) per hectare is calculated for each of

the preceding five years. For simplicity, yield per hectare for each Woreda has been worked out by dividing

the total tonnage of seasonal crops produced in each year by the total area covered with the same crops in

each year. Based on these Woreda level yields, the average yield per hectare for the projected affected area

has been computed as the simple average of Woreda wise yields.

Step 2 – Determination of the total area of land to be dispossessed permanently. This is accomplished based

on revised design of the project and the slope stacks fixed on the ground. Thus, the total agricultural land

to be dispossessed permanently in the first section will be 4.0 hectare.

Step 3 – Once the average yield for each of the preceding five years and the estimated total land area to be

dispossessed permanently were determined, then the total production on the dispossessed land was

calculated as a product of the two.

Step 4 – In order to get the final value of the production from the dispossessed land, a weighted average

price per quintal of the six crops has been calculated. To this end, percentage share of each crop in total

crop land cover of the districts affected was calculated. As a next step, share of a specific cropland cover

from one hectare of land was computed. By multiplying the cropland cover (column 2) by average yield of

each crop (column 3), the yield in quintal of each crop from its share in one hectare (column 4) is worked

out. The price of each crop in column 5 is an average price of Woreda’s for the past five years. Multiplying

the price with the yield gives the gross sales from each crop produced on 1 hectare of land, which is 19,522.5

Birr/hectare.

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Table 14: Weighted Average Market Price of a Quintal of Crops

Crop Type Proportion of

Crop Cover/ha

Yield (Qt/ha)

Yield Qt/ Crop

area

Market Price

Birr/Qt

Gross Sales

(Birr) per ha

1 2 3 4=2*3 5 6=4*5

Maize 17% 61 10.37 500.00 5,185.00

Kocho 4% 135 5.4 354.00 1,911.60

Pea 12% 12 1.44 1,800.00 2,592.00

Bean 12% 10 1.2 1,681.00 2,017.20

Sesame 10% 7 0.7 2,605.00 1,823.50

Ground Nut 7% 11 0.77 1,900.00 1,463.00

Millet 11% 9 0.99 870.00 861.30

Sorghum 17% 29 4.93 520.00 2,563.60

Teff 10% 7 0.7 1,579.00 1,105.30

Total 100% 26.5 19,522.50

Weighted average market price per qt of mixed crops =19,522.50/26.5= 736.70 Birr

Step 5 – By using the weighted average price, total value of production on the dispossessed land during the

last five years has been worked out. Finally, the 5 years average income from the 4.0 ha of land to be

dispossessed has been computed. Once the average income for the preceding five years is calculated the

compensation rate for permanent loss of farmland will be ten times the average amount, i.e. 10 x 19,522.50

x 4.0 ha = Birr 780,900.00

7.6 Compensation for Temporary Loss of Farmland

Compensation for temporary loss of farmland follows a similar (with the permanent loss) calculation of the

preceding five years average income from the expropriated land but it will be multiplied by the number of

years the land shall stay expropriated. For the temporary loss of farmland, the holders will be paid an amount

equal to the five years average income multiplied by 5 years. This will cover three crop years during

construction and 2 years of soil recovery period after the land is returned to the holder. Based on this

calculation, the compensation for temporary loss of farmland in the project is given below. In first 17 km

section, there are three borrow pits with a total area of 17,139.24 ha. 2 of the borrow pits cover 16,959.24

m2 are possessed by the local administration that does not require compensation payment. The remaining 1

borrow pit that covers a total area of 180 m2 is owned by local farmers that requires compensation payment

of 65,083.74 m2 x 5 x 19,522.50 = 17,570,250.00 Birr. In addition to this, there are three quarry sites with

a total of 15.00 ha of land (5 ha each) and one main camp site that covers is 5 ha of land. Out of the three

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quarry sites one is owned by local administration that doesn’t require compensation, while the two needs

compensation. Any additional temporary land take necessary will apply the same procedure.

Table 15: Facilities and respective land needs

No Type of facilities Land taken (ha)

Land acquisition

mode

No PAPs Remarks

1 Borrow pit km 9+100 RHS 0.02 Temporary use Owned by

farmer

Not handed

overdue to

RoW issues

2 Borrow pit km 10+800 RHS 0.690 ha Temporary use Owned by

local

government

Used as

spoil area

also

3 Borrow pit km 19+200 RHS 1. 005 ha Temporary use Owned by

local

government

Used as

spoil area

also

4 Quarry site km 20+000

RHS

5.00 ha Temporary use Owned by two

Woreda

administrations


LHS

5.00 ha Temporary use Owned by

local

government


LHS

5.00 ha Temporary use 3 households Used as

spoil area

also

7 Camp site km 42+000 RHS 5.00 ha Temporary use Owned by

local

government

and farmer

7.7 Compensation for Trees and Perennial Crops

Within the RoW of the existing road and on the realigned sections trees having commercial values and

perennial crops will be affected. The compensation sum has been calculated by summing the stream of

discounted incomes each plant can give over years until a similar new tree comes to maturity. The table

below summarizes the number of affected tree species and their quantity.

Table 16: species and quantity of trees affected by the project

No Tree species Quantity

1 Eucalyptus camondulesis 10,037

76

No Tree species Quantity

2 Croton macrostachyus (local name Bakanisa) 1,133

3 Tid 994

4 Abeyi 246

5 Fictus sur 4

6 Coffee (Coffee Arabica) 297

7 Muka Arba 103

8 Reji 616

9 Cordial africana (Wanza) 46

10 Bosoka 4

11 Gelano 37

12 Banana 356

13 Mango 106

14 Avocado 99

16 Gravilia robusta 259

17 Gesho 16

18 Komogno 7

19 Khat 231

20 Syzygium guineas (Dokma) 34

21 Girawa 45

22 Jakaranda 231

23 Jatropha 18

24 Suspania 14

25 Shiwashiwe 6

26 Nim 95

27 Papaya 2

28 Cactus 10

29 cotton trees 1

Eucalyptus matures in five year time. Thus, the compensation for this tree will be the net present value of

harvests from the tree within the five year period. Once eucalyptus tree is cut it is only after five years that

it will again give another harvest from the same original root. So, according to the compensation principles,

this means that the value of compensation for the tree is just the market value of the single harvest. A total

of 10,037 eucalyptus trees of different sizes will be affected by the road construction.

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For the calculation of the compensation the price of an average eucalyptus tree is estimated to be Birr 398.12

(79.7 x 5 years). Therefore, the total compensation to be paid for a eucalyptus trees is 10,037 X 398.12 =

3,995,930.44 Birr. Depending on the number of years each specific trees takes from planting to maturity,

the average annual value of outputs from each tree, the net present values of the trees is calculated based on

present day market value of each fruit trees. Based on the net present values of each plant mentioned above,

the total values of compensations are provided under the table below.

Table 17: Value of compensation for Coffee and other fruit trees

Type of

Tree

Net Present Value in

Birr/Kg

Total Number of trees

affected

Total Value of Compensation in Birr

Coffee 70 297 70 x 3 kg x 297 = 62,370.00

Banana 14 356 14 x 10 kg x 356 = 49,840.00

Avocado 10 99 10 x 125 kg x 99 = 123,750.00

Mango 7 106 7 x 200 kg x 106 = 148,400.00

Papaya 8 2 8 x 8 kg x 2 = 128.00

Total Value of Compensation in Birr 384,488.00

The calculation for cost of fruit trees is equal to price of one kg* total kilogram of harvest of one tree * total

number of trees that will be affected by the project road.

7.8 Compensation for Affected Services /Public Utility Lines

Development of social services and amenities in the project area are found at its lowest level even though

semi-urban centers like Tokuma Tsige and Bedhasa Jarso towns enjoyed supply of electric, health and

telephone services. As per the socio-economic survey result, a total of 38 electric poles (wooden and

concrete) will be impacted. Hence, the total compensation payment for all affected poles will be Birr

133,000.00 (38 X 3500). Moreover, more than 4,000 m water supply pipeline network will be impacted and

dislocated. This requires a total payment payment of 4,000 m x 500 Birr on average = Birr 2,000.000.00 for

the service provider. The ERA shall follow the timely relocation of these affected utility networks besides

effecting payment for the affected utilities.

As indicated in the aforementioned sections, the method adopted for valuing affected assets and properties

has been based on replacement cost approach. Remuneration payments for affected farmlands are based on

unit rates and productivity established in this RAP. According to Ethiopian Roads Authority

resettlement/rehabilitation policy framework a budget requirement for the implementation of a RAP is

inclusive of compensation costs for the relocations of project affected households, restoration of assets and

properties, replacement of dwellings, working places and restorations of social amenities and services.

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7.9 Special Assistances for Vulnerable Project Affected Households

The October 2013, RPF provides special attention to the needs of vulnerable groups among the PAPs,

especially poorer households, including the landless, elderly and disabled, women and children, ethnic

minorities, and other historically disadvantaged group. According to the socio-economic survey, along the

17 km stretch of this section of the project there are 70 vulnerable PAPs.

At the time of implementing the compensation and the resettlement action plan of the project special

attention, support and care will be given to female headed households, to the disabled and to the elderly.

The support will be made in rebuilding their houses, transferring and transporting their household items and

materials to the newly constructed residential houses or houses used for business purpose.

Amongst the women heads of households some belong to the working age group, hence recommended to

be considered for employment during construction.

Employment opportunities in the project especially in positions that don’t require skill have to be used as

an instrument to decrease the vulnerability of the project affected female headed HHs. In addition to the

aforementioned support the assistance could vary based on the type of vulnerability of the group, but not

limited to, assistances:

• During land clearing, building of replacement houses, transporting of household materials to the

newly constructed houses;

• Provision of psycho-social trainings and coaching;

• Supporting in the form of welfare services: health facilities, educational opportunities for children,

food security, and the like;

• Provision of job opportunities, special assistances to cover social costs, and access to credit facilities

and market.

7.10 7.11Livelihood Restoration Measure

Livelihood restoration refers to reestablishment of income levels for the PAPs at least prevalent to the time

of displacement. Livelihood restoration is an important component for the resettlement of PAPs who have

lost their productive base, businesses, jobs, or other income sources, regardless of whether they have also

lost their houses. In livelihood restoration, issues such as, source of livelihood (monetary and nonmonetary),

availability of land for replacement, existing skills of PAPs, employment opportunities and other income

restoration options will be provided.

The strategy for PAPs who have lost their assets and properties, income restoration plans may require

support and services in the long and short term basis. The short term strategy will involve provision of

employment opportunity in the project depending on the needs, skill and capacity of the PAPs.

The long term strategy includes activities such as (identification of training needs, establishing livelihood

restoration committee, provide capacity building trainings such as: awareness raising sessions,

entrepreneurship training, basic business skills trainings. Prepare business plan for on–farm and off–farm

79

and establish legal link with local financing institutions to start their income generating activities. During

household survey on PAPs, it was revealed that a total of 80 PAPs whose farmland and housing units are

affected requested to attend livelihood restoration. Thus, 15 households prefer to get trainings on small

business (such as baking injera and bread business, kiosk tea– coffee fixing business, inn business, etc.), 48

on animal fattening and 17 on agriculture productivity improvement. Those PAPs whose farmland will be

affected by the project prefer to attend fattening and agricultural productivity improvement trainings.

Trainings for PAPs based on their preferences will be organized by the ERA social management team in

collaboration with the local administration. Training inputs such as training manual will be made available

by the Woreda Agriculture office extension department for agricultural trainings and micro – enterprise

office for business trainings.

In order to compensate for temporary loss of income due to the time taken to rebuild their new houses and

shifting (transport belongings), it is proposed to compensate this loss of cash income as a transitional

allowance for up to three month’s average income. Taking the average income of household as a reference,

PAPs whose business is affected will receive 50 Birr per day per person.

The on–farm income generating activities could be those activities conducted by farmers on their own lands

and related to crop, livestock and agro forestry for those who don’t lose their farmland completely. In

addition to this, animal husbandry includes fattening, apiculture, dairy farming and poultry. On the other

hand, the off–farm livelihood restoration activities include petty trade such as selling crops and grains,

coping stone production buying and selling animals, and manufacturing such as metal and wood work; fuel

saving stoves, hollow bricks for those closer to urban and semi– urban areas.

The ERA shall facilitate all the required inputs for building the capacity of PAPs through livelihood

restoration program. This component involves identifying the basic needs and gaps of PAPs, assessing the

existing capacity of PAPs, preparing livelihood restoration guideline, training modules, and conducting

capacity building trainings. After completing the training, the site representatives of the ERA shall provide

the necessary inputs to implement the training on the ground and finally monitoring the status of the trainees

In this regard, there is a need to prepare a detailed livelihood and income restoration plan for PAPs by identifying the

specific target groups, envisaged activities with timeliness and roles/responsibilities for implementation and monitoring.

The preparation of the livelihood restoration plan should be based on assessment of the potential income generating

activities, existing market conditions and also on the basis of skills and interests of PAPs. The livelihood and income

restoration plan should be prepared on a clearly set and identified market strategy, financial resource and based on local

capacity and skill. Hence, it is proposed that livelihood and income restoration plan will be designed and prepared in

consultation with stakeholders and PAPs after the RAP for the full lot is prepared.

The livelihood restoration plan will include the following components:

7.11 7.11.1 Capacity building Activities for PAPs

It is believed that building the capacities of PAPs is crucial to make improve the living conditions of PAPs.

Considering the importance of capacity building to establish sustainable business, Woreda administrations

included activities that can increase the capacities of PAPs. Some of the trainings planned to provide include

awareness raising trainings, basic business skills, entrepreneurial skills and vocational skills. It is also

80

equally believed that administrations in Woreda as well as Kebele will give attention to empowering PAPs

to identify their economic needs and explore ways and means of fulfilling those needs. Moreover, the

administrations using different agencies will assist them to develop PAPs self-confidence and ability to

undertake income generating activities through appropriate and adequate training and motivation for

livelihood restoration activities.

In collaboration with ERA, Woreda administrations shall build the capacities of PAPs at Kebele level, in

convenient place to all. As part of capacity building, various trainings will be organized to develop their

skills in livelihood restoration in a sustainable manner.

The trainings important for PAPs are the following:

• Organize awareness raising sessions;

• Organize entrepreneurship training;

• Organize basic business skills trainings;

7.12 7.11.2 Capacity building Activities for Livelihood Restoration Committee

In previous projects, PAPs were expected to their livelihood restoration with the compensation money they

received. Thus, livelihood restoration committees are established recently and needs technical and material

support for the effective implementation of livelihood restoration at Woreda level. Thus, as part of capacity

building, arranging awareness raising workshop is important. Moreover, as the committees are selected

from different sectors of Woreda administration, they have neither permanent office nor office equipment

to carry out the activities. Therefore, it is crucial to carry out the following activities to build the capacity

of livelihood restoration committee at Guto Gida Woreda.

• Organize awareness workshop for committee members on livelihood restoration;

• Purchase desk-top computers and printers;

• Establish an office for the committee;

ERA will provide the necessary financial resources. For significantly impacted households, ERA will also

provide resources for initial inputs in the different livelihood restoration activities. Generally, the major

stakeholders will have the following responsibilities.

The major roles and responsibilities of stakeholders are the following:

World Bank

• Provide the necessary technical support;

• Make periodic implementation supervision

Ethiopian Road Authority

• Allocate budget for training of the affected households eligible for livelihood restoration activities;

• Coordinate livelihood restoration activities;

• Organize capacity building trainings to livelihood restoration committees;

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• Make follow up the implementation;

Wereda Administrations (Livelihood restoration committee)

• Prepare a summarized livelihood restoration plan for PAPs;

• Assist in establishing relationship with vocational institutions and saving and credit institutions;

• Organize skill trainings to PAPs;

• Establish livelihood restoration committee at woreda level;

• Establish relationship with technical and vocational colleges;

• Submit periodic reports about the status of livelihood restoration activities;

• Monitor IGAs at every stage of implementation;

The consultant

The consultant shall assist ERA in planning, monitoring and evaluation of livelihood restoration activities;

• Monitor the livelihood restoration activities;

Kebele Administrations

• Organize PAPs with similar needs into groups for each kind of IGA as discussed during RAP;

• Provide assistance to vulnerable people;

• Communicate PAPs to take skill trainings,;

Project Affected Persons

• Participation in livelihood restoration planning, implementation and monitoring and evaluation;

• Attend trainings and awareness raising and skill training sessions arranged to them;

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8 Implementation Procedure and Organizational Responsibility

This chapter describes the institutions responsible for the successful implementation of this RAP in

particular and the project in general.

8.1 Organizations Involved in RAP Implementation

The Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) is the main responsible body for initiating the preparation of this

RAP document, execution of the compensation payment as per the Federal Government Proclamation

455/2005 and Council of Ministers Regulation No. 351/2007; and ERA’s Resettlement/Rehabilitation

Policy Framework (RPF). In ERA, the Social Management Team (SMT) is directly responsible for the

review, monitoring of Resettlement Action Plans. SMT is also responsible and is in charge for the

identification of adverse environmental and social impacts and for monitoring the implementation of its

mitigation measures. The ROW team from ERA’s Western Regional Directorate will be responsible for the

implementation and payment of compensation. ERA’s Regional Directorate will have a major role in the

coordination of the project planning, procurement and implementation.

At Regional Government level, the Regional Bureau of Land and Environment Protection will play a

monitoring role while Woreda administration offices will play key role in the facilitation and

implementation of the RAP by establishing Resettlement / Implementation Committees and Property

valuation committees, by providing land for relocation, coordinating compensation payments, addressing

grievances and related issues.

Compensation or asset valuation, livelihood restoration and grievance redress committees are formed on

Sasiga, Guto Gida and Gida Ayana Woreda administrations during the field work and registration of

inventories done on January to March, 2017.The RAP committee in the Woredas comprises of

representatives from Agriculture, Woreda Administration, Land use, project affect persons (PAPs), roads

and other important Woreda sector offices. Compensation, both small and large amounts, will be paid by

bank transfer, following agreement with individual household.

8.2

8.3 Woreda Resettlement Committee

The Sasiga Woreda RAP Committee is responsible for the coordination of all resettlement activities in the

affected Kebeles, including the preparation of resettlement sites if necessary. It is established at Woreda

level in order to address the issues widely spread over the three rural Kebeles. This committee consists of

the Sasiga Woreda Administration (Chairperson), the Sasiga Woreda Agriculture Office, two members from

PAPs, and ERA personnel (RoW agent). Respective operational resources will be provided by ERA.

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8.4 Asset Valuation and Compensation Committee

The compensation committee has a responsibility to ensure proper assessment and timely disbursement of

compensations to PAPs. A one day training program for all compensation committee members at each

Woreda level has to be given by dispatched Environmental Monitoring and Safety Branch members. The

committee shall provide a progress report to the regional government office, zone, Woreda administrations,

municipalities (city councils) and to the ERA.

8.5 Livelihood Restoration Committee (LRC) at Woreda level

It is assumed that Woreda administrators are busy in their own business and cannot have enough time to

implement the livelihood restoration activities. Therefore, it is crucial to form a committee or working

group, which is responsible for this particular project or plan. The committee shall be formed by Woreda

administrations and need to consist of those who have experience in relation to livelihood, IGAs and so on.

Respective operational resources will be provided by ERA.

The major activities expected from the committee are listed below:

• Link PAPs with vocational schools;

• Link PAPs with microfinance institutions so that they can access saving and credit facilities;

• Provide working premises;

• Land-for –land replacement for PAPs;

• Organize PAPs in groups who undertake the same IGAs such as in poultry, animal fattening,

construction, etc based on the needs assessment.

• Monitor IGAs at each stage of implementation;

• Establish partnership with micro finance enterprises, vocational schools, improved agricultural

inputs providers;

• Give priority for vulnerable groups such as widows, helpless elders, child headed families, PWDs,

PLHIV;

• Prepare a project proposal/plan/ of livelihood restorations for PAPs in their respective Woredas and

Kebeles;

• Link PAPs to different institutions;

• Maintain data base of PAPs (statuses of income level, living condition, house construction status,

placement of infrastructures, )

• Assist PAPs to develop Individual and group Business Plan for on-farm and offfarm IGAs;

• Identify eligible PAPs for livelihood restoration and special assistances for vulnerable group;

• Provide working premises: marketing and production sites or sheds for the established ventures;

• Prepare detailed procurement plan for the materials to be delivered and handover for the respective

small business enterprises formally,

• Assist the supported business enterprises technically to launch their businesses;

• Support the small businesses by creating market links (value chain) in collaboration with the Woreda

MSEs offices.

• Submit periodic reports about the status of livelihood restoration to ERA

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8.6 Ethiopian Electric Utility

Before the construction work commences utilities (overhead and underground) need to be identified and

their removal has to be discussed in advance with the concerned organizations such as Ethiopian Electric

Utility and the three Woreda administrations. Relocation is carried out by the service providers upon

payment of relocation cost by ERA. In order to avoid delay on the contractor, the service providers, will

carry out relocation of public utilities like electric and telephone line poles prior to commencement of the

civil work.

8.7 The Role of the ERA

The Regional Right-of-Way Team which is under the Western Region Construction Management

Directorate is responsible for facilitating the required land for road construction and for the implementation

of Resettlement Action Plans (RAP). The Woreda administration in collaboration with Kebele

administrations will avail land for the construction of housing structures and cropland for the PAPs with the

same infrastructure available as in the original settlements. ERA’s Environmental and Social Management

Team (ESMT) major responsibilities are setting and implementing ERA’s environmental and social

guidelines in support of the national level requirements. The ESMT holds the capacity of advisory, co-

ordination and supervision on aspects that are pertinent to the road environmental and social impacts and

implication assessment in coordination with the respective ERA district offices. The Planning and Program

Management Directorate of ERA has to carry out all the necessary preparation so that the environmental

and social management activities are scheduled during the Preconstruction Phase. The activities include:

• Implementation of the resettlement action plan, and

• Relocation of public utilities like electric and telephone line poles and water supply pipelines.

ERA will provide all resources necessary to facilitate project implementation by the different public

stakeholders exceeding their usual day-to-day obligations. All local committee members are entitled for per

diem payments compatible to the rate they deserve a minimum of 200 Birr per day has to be paid. ERA is

responsible for provision of financial resources for the implementation of the RAP. The entities responsible

and accountable for the RAP preparation and implementation are indicated in Table 17.

Table 17:-- Institutions participate in RAP preparation and Implementation

No Organization involved Responsibility

1. Ethiopia Roads Authority

1.1 Supervision consultant The supervision consultant through its resettlement

expert oversee the preparation of the RAP, receive

the RAP from the contractor, do quality assurance

review

Responsible for the day to day monitoring of

safeguards implementation

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1..2 ERA’s Design and Build

Contract Management

Directorate

Responsible for budget Allocation, Coordination

and implementation of the overall activities of the

project;

1..3 ERA's Environmental and

Social Management Team

(ESMT

Management of the RAP preparation and

implementation; Review of safeguards documents,

compensation and resettlement action plan,

livelihood restoration plan and Monitoring &

evaluation.

Monitor the restoration of services/utilities affected

by the construction works, such as, water supply

and power supply.

1..4 Right of Way agent Supports the Asset valuation committee in

registration, measuring, and estimation of affected

properties

Facilitate the execution of compensation payment

2 Oromia National Regional

Government

Provide Political and Administrative support for the

implementation of the project and the RAP

3 Zone Administrations Coordinate the different Woredas affected by the

project; coordinate the implementation of

livelihood restoration activities for PAPs

4 Respective Woreda

Administrations

Establish Resettlement Committee, Property

valuation committees,

Facilitating the relocation sites (as needed) and the

restoration of services,

Ensure that PAPs are compensated as per the

federal and regional guidelines.

5 Respective Kebele

Administrations

Provide advice on the fairness in relocation process

and valuation of compensation

Work with the woreda people in facilitating

relocation sites

6 Respective Municipalities Identify land for the relocation of PAP and provide

support in restoration; and provide special attention

and support for the disabled, sick, elderly and

female headed households

7 Property valuation committees Register and vale for compensation of all

properties to be affected due to the road project

8 Resettlement committee Responsible for the overall implementation of the

RAP

9 Elders and Religious Leaders Provide advice on the fairness in relocation process

and valuation of compensation and coordinate on

the support to be made for elders, FHH and elderly;

and play mediation role in case misunderstandings

are created between PAPs and local authorities

10 Representatives of PAPs Represents PAP in all meetings and discussions

held with ROW agent, with other offices, serve as

committee member

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11 Grievance Redress Committee Responsible for addressing issues raised due to the

construction of the road project

8.8 Compensation Procedure

During the stage where actual compensation will be executed, all forms of compensations will be

accomplished after ascertaining that the proper owners of the assets are identified by cross checking with

this RAP. Funds for payment of the compensation will be made available by the ERA RoW Team.

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9 Grievance Redress Mechanism

In case disputes arise between the RAP implementation process and PAPs the preferred way of settlement is through

amicable means. This will save time and resources as opposed to taking the matter to court., To ensure that the PAP

have avenues for redressing grievances related to any aspect of land acquisition, resettlement, and other social impacts

of the Project, procedures on the redress of grievances shall be established for the project. The objective is to respond

to the complaints of PAPs timely and in a transparent manner. The mechanism needs to be designed to be easily

accessible, transparent and fair.

The objective is to respond to the complaints of the PAPs speedily and in a transparent manner. The

mechanism is designed to be easily accessible, transparent and fair

Arbitral tribunals, so called Grievance Redress Committees (GRCs), will be formed at each Woreda and

town level and is expected to settle disputes arising in the respective Kebeles. The arbitral tribunals will be

established from the outset of the project road construction instead of leaving it to the disputants to appoint

the arbitrators. This is the preferable option since it might take a lot of time to appoint arbitrators if left to

the disputing parties. The GRC will establish a procedure in local language and regularly disclose contact

persons, office hours, and procedure to ensure access by PAPs

9.1 General Arbitration Process

Where a dispute arises between parties, in this case mainly between ERA, PAPs (institutions) the initially

preferred means of settling disputes is arbitration. For arbitrations local elders and officials have the capacity

to mediate disputes. These traditional conflict resolution mechanisms are preferred for their time saving, no

bureaucratic, cost saving, traditionally functional and accepted natures. Moreover, such grievance

redressing mechanisms have a legal backup in the constitution and other proclamations like, Articles 3325-

3336 of the civil code (1960), proclamation No.455/2005 and Article 11 of proclamation No.456/2005.

Grievances can be filed for all project-related issues.

Where the dispute could not be resolved through agreement it shall be decided by an arbitral body to be

elected by the parties or to be decided in accordance with the rural land administration laws of the region.

In addition to these statuary and customary institutions, aggrieved parties could also organize arbitral

tribunal on site and the concerned parties may determine the number and composition of the arbitral tribunal.

This would allow meaningful representations and avoid unnecessary delay in decision making. Individual

members of the compensation committee who initially decided on the compensation rates will by no means

be member of the arbitral tribunal since they have already taken a position.

9.2 Grievance Resolution Process

The procedures for handling grievances will be as follows. The affected person shall file his/her discontents

in writing to the Woreda Grievance Redressing Committee /GRC/. The grievance needs to be signed and

dated by the aggrieved person. Where the affected person is unable to write, she/he shall obtain assistance

to write the note and endorse the letter with his/her thumb print. The grivence redress committee chair

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person will serve as a focal point and will receive all the grievances and properly record it in the log book

prepared for the matter.

The committees shall respond within 15 /fifteen days/ after they discussed the matter with the aggrieved

person. If the grievance relates to valuation of assets, experts may need to be requested to revalue the assets,

and this may necessitate a longer period of time. In this case, the aggrieved person must be notified by the

committee that his/her complaint is being considered. If the aggrieved person does not receive a response

or is not satisfied with the outcome he/she may lodge the case to the local court. Decisions of local courts

shall be the final. Nevertheless, the preferred option for dispute settlement is amicable settlement and

arbitration among aggrieved parties. PAPs also have a right to appeal their cases to higher grievance

redressing offices in the hierarchy of government structures, to ERA’s RoW Branch, to the consultant

engineer or to the contractor before taking their appeals to the court.

9.3 Grievance Documentation

Since the elderly community members in the project area doesn’t read and write, the project will prepare

and make available formats for different purposes such as filing complaint. Any person who has any kind

of complaints shall appear in person, fill the format, sign and submit to the grievance redress committee.

This committee shall record the complaint on the community record book. After finalizing the assessment

and providing the reply to the complaint, all the details will be recorded on the record book where committee

members and the complaining person shall sign and write the date of completion of the complaint on the

decision. If the complaining PAP is not satisfied he/she will express own feeling and reflect decision to go

the next step or accept the decision of the committee. In case of any delays, the PAP should be informed

within the above timelines of any additional time needs and be updated subsequently regularly in line with

the above noted timeframes (e.g. if the law requires resolution within 15 days, then in case of delays the

PAP need to be informed in writing every 15 days on the status of the grievances, measures taken to come

to a solution, and eventual obstacles to be resolved prior to a decision).

The Project will provide the necessary logistics at all level to ensure that grievances are documented

properly and aggregated into the progress reports. Documentation shall include key information, including

but not limited to complainant, date of receiving complaint, date of decision taken, type of grievance,

detailed information, solution, etc. Generally, the following steps will be followed in order to achieve

consensus for any grievance related to any aspect of the project.

Stage One

PAPs can complain orally or in writing to the Resettlement Implementation Committee at Wereda level. If

it is an oral complaint, the WRC must record the complaint in writing and must respond to the complaint

within one week. If the complaint is very difficult to deal with by the WRC for approval, resolution of the

WRC on the complaint must be provided within one week.

Stage Two

If the decision to the complaint at Stage One cannot satisfy the PAPs, PAPs can appeal to GRC within two

weeks after the receipt of the resonance to the complaint, and GRC at Wereda level must respond to the

appeal within two weeks.

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Stage Three

If PAPs are still not satisfied with the decsion at the Stage Two, they can appeal to the court within 15 days

after receipt of the complaint for final decision.

Proposed Lists of GRC Members in Urban and Rural Areas

GRCs for Urban areas (towns) GRCs for Rural Areas

• One member from the town

administration - Chairperson

• One member from respective Kebele

Administration

• Two members selected by PAPs

• One member from the Woreda Administration -

Chairperson

• One member from the Woreda Agricultural Office

• One member from the Kebele administration

• Two members selected by PAPs

Based on the established GRM, any disputing matters related to the resettlement program and the overall

road infrastructure development works will be registered and resolved. The following are the potential

source of complaint:

• determination of entitlement for compensation;

• Methodology of valuation of properties;

• selection of relocation site and replacement plot allocation procedures;

• provision of basic infrastructures;

• livelihood restoration activities;

• Road right of way issues;

• Sewerage drainage, access roads and crossing bridges construction; and

• Occupational and community health and safety issues

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Figure 10: Project Affected Persons (PAPs) grievance resolution flow chart with compensation issues as example

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The procedures to be followed by the arbitrational tribunal members to address grievances are:

• Be transparent and simple to understand;

• Provide PAPs with free and easy access to the procedures with grievance intake possible at least in

every Kebele and via phone (for short notice, followed by a written record);

• The procedure will be able to be activated rapidly;

• Representatives of PAPs will be part of the committee when deciding how to respond to the

grievances;

• The response time between activating the procedure and reaching a resolution will be as noted.

9.4 Monitoring and Reporting

The Resident engineer social expert will monitor grievances routinely as part of the broader management

of social safeguards implementation. This entails good record keeping and grievance records must be made

available to management at all times.

Monthly reports will be compiled by the GRM committee and distributed to the Woreda administration,

ERA and Engineering consultant. These grievance reports will include:

▪ The number of grievances logged in the proceeding period by level and type;

▪ The number of PAPs that have come back stating they are not satisfied with the resolution;

▪ The number of grievances unresolved after 30 days by level and type;

▪ The number of grievances resolved between the GRM and PAPs without accessing regular court.

▪ The number of grievances of the same or similar issue;

▪ The measures taken to incorporate these responses into the resettlement implementation plan.

These reports and other records will be made available for external review if required. An appropriate

grievance report shall be part of the engineering consultants quarterly progress reporting.

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10 Public and Stakeholders Consultation

10.1 Public consultation

The primary purpose of public and stakeholders consultation is to encourage the public to have meaningful

input into the decision-making process. It provides the opportunity for the public to contribute for the

betterment of the project in managing its social impacts. Moreover, it helps to extract concerns and

mechanisms for addressing these public concerns, it is a mode of communication that can be used as an

early warning system for public concerns, a means through which accurate and timely information can be

disseminated, and can contribute to sustainable decision-making.

Cognizant of this fact, the RPF and the federal and regional regulations, public and stakeholders’

consultations were conducted through formal meetings held in Tokuma Tsige, Haro Feyisa and Bedhasa

Jarso/Mendera 24 Kebeles. The consultations involved Kebele officials, Woreda sector offices, PAPs and

community members. On the other hand, informal meetings held with different sections of the community

in the months of January to March 2017 during household census and transect walks.

The consultation sessions revealed that the PAPs have serious concerns with the approach and modes of

assets valuation and compensations. They requested the ERA and its local stakeholders to establish all the

required committees to be transparent in handling every single case, and for continuous consultations every

quarter and even more whenever required. On the other hand, the government representatives promised to

give relocation sites for the “would be” displaced PAPs, and to support different vulnerable groups during

the project implementation period.

Representatives of the proponent and its local stakeholders promised to post all their work procedures,

eligibility criteria, and methods of asset valuation to residents of all Kebeles. Furthermore, the public

consultation the participants have reported to cooperate and to take actions that will contribute to the speedy

implementation of the construction work and implementation of RAP. Furthermore, it was made clear to all

partakes that the cut–of–date was set by the project proponent to be August 09/2016.

As per the RPF and the Ethiopia law, public and stakeholders’ consultation was carried out through formal

meetings held in Tokuma Tsige, Haro Feyisa and Bedhasa Jarso/Mendera 24 Kebeles with Kebele officials,

Woreda sector offices, PAPs, and also through informal meetings held with different sections of the

community in the months of January to March 2017.

During public consultation the RAP preparation team discussed matters related to possible expropriation of

properties, physical displacements and provisions like land to land compensations and monetary

remunerations. Moreover, the public have openly and freely expressed their support and willingness for the

upgrading of the road and are anxious to see that it starts immediately. Moreover, they mentioned that this

was their dream for many years since the construction of the existing gravel and dusty road. Not only this

but also, the project has to consider the future of their town and widen the road as much as possible without

any fear of affecting the houses closer to the road. Though they are delighted and cooperative for the project

cause, they all demanded:

• Receive compensation payments before demolition of properties,

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• Compensation payments expected to be enough for reinstitution of livelihoods,

• Remuneration payments for the damages incurred on properties, holding and use rights,

• Construction of proper drainage system in not to disturb or endanger agricultural lands and

plantations during and after constructions,

• Reinstatement of detours, borrow and quarry sites after their usage is obsolete,

• Compensation payments for the loss of properties due to detour roads and other ancillary works,

• Special assistance for different vulnerable groups like old ages, female and child headed families,

physically disables and sick peoples that will be affected by the project road.

• Not to raise the level of the road from the existing and keep wider road by removing houses closer

to the road,

• Provide sufficient legal framework for people who will not be satisfied by the compensation rate, as

much as possible avoid the Woreda administration or inform everything that comes out of the

Woreda administration to the Kebele residences. This was raised because they were badly affected

from previous telecom project by the Woreda administration.

• The compensation and grievance redress committee must have representatives and PAPs.

• post the list of PAPs along with the kind of properties affected by the project

• transparent work procedure related to affected people

• transfer compensation payments before the commencement of activities

• consider season to relocate people, most stressed to construct their houses during the rainy season

to easily harness rain water to put mud easily

Figure 11: Public consultation with Tokuma Tsige Kebele Residents and PAPs

Moreover, the issues of traffic and occupational safety were hotly discussed by the participants during

construction and post construction of the road. In the middle of the discussion issues related to design has

appeared again by requesting to construct appropriate pedestrian walkway, widen the RoW, construct bus

and taxi bays, erect appropriate traffic signals, and construct appropriate drainage structures that will not

affect pedestrians, attract rubbish thrown and not affect houses or farmlands.

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Figure 12: Public consultation with Bedhasa Jarso and Haro Feyisa Kebele Residents and PAPs

Figure 13: On - site discussion with PAPs (Right) Awareness rising at Protestant Church about the project

Figure 14: Public Awareness raising at Tsige Mariam Church and house to house awareness rising

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10.2 Summary of Issues and Outcomes form Public Consultations

• The road construction is critically important for the area. All people must cooperate for the successful

implementation of the construction of the road project;

• The two committees (asset valuation and complaints) must be clearly known to the local Kebeles;

• The local Kebeles must have at least one representatives in the compensation committee;

• The list of PAPs must be clearly indicated to the local Kebeles and residents;

• Those whose houses are going to demolished must be given sufficient time to build their houses and

move to the new establishments;

• All of the assets must be taken into consideration for the valuation committee;

• The issue of communicable diseases such malaria, STDs and HIV/AIDS must be given due attention;

• All the necessary precaution actions shall be made to avoid construction mal activities like dumping

spoil materials, solid and liquid waste disposals, improper usages of lands etc.

• Do not attempt to start activities t the beginning of the rainy season as this area has big rainfall potential

and the existing road has several challenges. In case the rain comes in the middle of activity period,

organize maintenance crew to alleviate road associated problems;

• Immediate reinstatement of borrow pit areas, quarry sites, temporary diversion roads, crusher and

asphalt plant areas, main and sub-camps after their usages is finished after construction;

• In relation to the various sociological and economic reasons like price inflation on rental houses, basic

commodity items, possible clashes b/n construction workers and community members, Woreda officials

demanded constructions of camps and sub-camps at fair distances from dense settlement areas and

towns

• Importance of ethical and professional supervision activities during construction of the project road i.e.,

construction of the project road as per its design standard and specifications;

• Road and traffic safety issues during and after constructions were raised and public representatives

demanded the employer to follow these variables accordingly;

• Health and safety, employment opportunities for locals and the importance of executions of HIV/ AIDS

and STDs alleviation program at the proposed project road were raised during the meetings and

consultant sociologist responded based on ERA policy frame works like Resettlement/Rehabilitation

and HIV/AIDS and STDs alleviation program at work places of ERA;

10.3 Other stakeholders’ consultation

Consultation and discussion was held with local community based organizations and non–governmental

organizations revealed that the construction of the road has important benefits for the development of the

area. Besides the importance of the road for the development of the area, they stressed on the importance

of mitigating impacts during and post construction phases. The following points summarize the outcomes

of consultation with other stakeholders:

During the construction phase they raised issues related to:

• Sassiga Woreda town is 20 km away from the Kebeles traversed by the project, hence, Woreda

compensation committee member must travel all the way to reach these Kebeles and ERA must

avail transportation and related services for these personnel,

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• All the necessary precautions must be put in place to protect rural water structures during the

construction of the road project,

• the spread of sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS,

• pressure on locally available resources and utilities,

• damage to soil and water conservation activities accomplished before the project,

• damage to farmlands, grazing lands and wetlands by spoil material,

• dust pollution from existing road and crusher plant operation,

• job opportunity for the local unemployed youth and job related accidents,

• traffic accident on school children especially for those located near the road (Tokuma Tsige

elementary school, Bedhada Jarso elementary school, and Haro Fola primary school),

• the issue of traffic safety post construction phase has been stressed since the road geometry will

totally change,

Public and stakeholders consultation shall continue every quarter through community meetings to evaluate

progress and updated new issues to the client. Moreover, consultations on LRP shall be handled by the

social department representatives of the contractor and the consultant engineer.

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11 Public Disclosure

Public disclosure of the RAP will to be made to PAPs and other stakeholders after the draft RAP is

commented and feedback integrated into the RAP. The purpose of the disclosure is to follow up its

implementation.

As per WB guidelines, this RAP will also be disclosed in a form, manner and language comprehensible to

PAPs and at a place accessible to the displaced population and other stakeholders for review and comments

on entitlement measures.

Thus, once the final RAP document is approved by ERA and accepted by the World Bank Group, it will be

disclosed first at national level and the Bank’s Public Information Centre and the Bank’s web site for public

and stakeholders’ implementation and follow-up. Accordingly, the document with a summary of translation

in local languages will be sent to the Oromia Regional State and its lowest administrative bodies. In addition,

short brochures will be printed and distributed to inform people on the RAP implementation arrangements.

The executive summary consisting of the list of PAPs and the affected properties will be translated to Afan

Oromo and Amharic languages for public disclosure. This will be done within two weeks after approval of

the RAP document. This could be done by posting it in a range of publicly accessible places; such as,

Woreda offices, Municipalities and Kebele administration office. Once it is disclosed, the public have to be

notified through administrative and community about the availability of the RAP documents and be

requested to make their suggestions and comments.

Comments and critiques made on the draft RAP by PAPs and other stakeholders will be taken by ERA for

consideration in any of the revised draft. The FDRE will authorize WB to distribute this RAP electronically

through its info shop for the public, interested groups and NGOs to review and comment in accordance to

its disclosure policy. Similarly, ERA will also post it in its websites and receive comments.

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12 RAP Implementation Schedule and Budget

12.1 RAP Implementation Schedule

The implementation of this RAP requires the commitment and earnest involvement of the project proponent,

local administrative organs, established committees, PAPs representatives, all PAPs, ministry of finance and

economic cooperation, Ethiopian electric utility and the Woreda and Region water supply offices. Table below

describes the schedule for the implementation of the RAP document.

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Table 18: RAP implementation Schedule

No. Type of Activities Responsibility Time line (2018) Time line (2019)

J F M A J F M A M J J A S O N D

1 Project Preparatory Activities

1.1 • Committee

Formation

• Awareness Creation

ERA, Western regional

directorate RoW department in

collaboration with Sassiga

Woreda and the affected Kebeles

X

X

2 RAP Implementation

2.1 • RoW Survey and

reconfirm PAPs

• Verification of entitled

PAPs and their type

and level of losses

• Fix compensation rate





X

X

2.2 • Identification of

land for resettlement

• Confirm relocation site





X

X

2.3 Payment for

compensation


directorate

RoW department

X X X

2.4 Land preparation and

construction of new

houses

PAPs X X X

2.5 PAPs move to new

house/structure

PAPs X X

3 Monitoring of RAP X X

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12.2 Compensation and Relocation Planning

All compensation and relocation activities will be completed ahead of the civil works where obstructions

are available. Experience from other projects indicates that six to nine (6–9) months will be feasible for

relocation/restoration of the affected people if proper support, guidance and supervisions are in place.

Once the RAP document is approved by the World Bank group, it will be disclosed to the public. The

process of RAP disclosure and notification to PAPs to open joint bank accounts, and reflect on the

amount and kind of compensation they are entitled to receive will take around one month. If a PAP has

complaints he will try to resolve it amicably where two weeks are required. If PAPs don’t have

complaints they receive their compensation and relocate their assets in the soonest possible time. This

final activity could take around two months to conclude.

The field assessment and data collection revealed that the 61 house owners whose houses are fully

damaged requested to build their houses on the remaining plot of land after receiving compensation on

time. As indicated in the aforementioned section the relocation process requires up to nine months for

completion.

12.3 Reporting

The RoW Western region branch who is the primary actor for the implementation of this RAP in

collaboration with the Woreda administrative will produce will submit monthly and quarter reports to

ERA Western Region directorate director. The ERA Western regional directorate director is responsible

to submit quarter monitoring report to the World Bank Group concerning the implementation status of

the RAP.

12.4 RAP Implementation Budget

The source of funding for the implementation of the RAP implementation is the Ethiopian government

and disbursement of the budget is subject to be monitored by the Ministry of Finance and Economic

Cooperation, after ratified by the house of people’s representatives. The summery budget is presented

below.

Table 19: Resettlement/Rehabilitation Budget


1 Compensation for all types of houses/structures 4,318,590.00

2 Compensation for different type of fences 444,320.00

3 Permanent loss of strips of farmlands 780,900.00

4 Temporary loss of strips of farmlands 17,570,250.00

5 Compensation for Eucalyptus tree 3,965,819.44

6 Compensation for fruit bearing trees 384,488.00

101


7 Compensation for coffee trees 62,370.00

8 Compensation for other permanent trees 766,800.00

9 Compensation for affected social services 408,375.00

10 Livelihood restoration activities 1,789,650.00

11 A budget for HIV/AIDS prevention activities 2,120,000.00

12 A budget for vulnerable group members assistance

(3,000 Birr/person)

210,000.00

13 Budget for compensation Committee 300,450.00

14 Budget for resettlement committee (5 person, 300


15 Budget for grievance redress committee (5 person, 300


16 RAP monitoring 349,500.00

17 Electric poles and affected pipeline network 2,000,000.00

18 Total 35,831,512.44

19 Contingency (15%) 5,374,726.87

20 Grand Total 41,206,239.31

102

13 Monitoring and Evaluation

13.1 General

This monitoring and evaluation process will be an integral part of this RAP and will be a device for

overseeing the implementation of RAP and the extent to which it complies with the plans set out in the

RAP. Lessons learnt from the monitoring and evaluation results will be used to enhance the preparation

and implementation of future resettlement action plans.

The monitoring and evaluation process will be participatory whereby all the stakeholders namely PAPs,

Woreda, Municipality and Kebele administrations are involved. The monitoring and evaluation process

of the implementation of this RAP will assess the implementation of the RAP and ensure that it is carried

out as per the plan and as per the requirements. The purposes of the monitoring and evaluation are to:

• Monitor specific situations or difficulties arising from the implementation of the RAP and its

compliance;

• Evaluate the long and mid-term positive/negative impacts of the resettlement/rehabilitation

framework on the project affected people and the community in the project area. Since this is

eight year project, ERA’s social management team will monitor the status of PAPs throughout

these years; based on the baseline socio – economic profile of the PAPs;

• Verify actions described in the RAP are implemented;

• Validate eligible PAPs receive their compensations prior to the civil work;

• Make sure the magnitude of RAP actions and compensation measures in restoring or improving

pre- project livelihoods and lost incomes. This is achieved by supporting PAPS as per their

training needs and providing opportunities to work in the project;

• Authenticate complaints and grievances forwarded by project affected people followed up and

appropriate corrective measures are taken;

• If necessary, changes in RAP procedures are made to improve delivery of entitlements to project

affected people;

13.2 Internal Monitoring

Internal monitoring is a continuous process that helps to ensure the implementation of the RAP complies

with the approved one. It will be conducted by the social management team of the ERA at least once a

month on a site visit. Task force composed of ERA in house experts has been organized to handle such

monitoring across the World Bank Financed Projects. The local administration (Woreda) will also

conduct its own monitoring of the RAP or in collaboration with the ESMT of ERA.

The monitoring report by ESMT staff will be submitted to local authorities (Woreda and Municipality).

A copy of this will be submitted to EPA and ESMT of ERA. It will also be enclosed in the construction

progress reports submitted by supervising engineers.

103

13.3 External Evaluation

The objective of the external monitoring and evaluation is to ensure that the project affected persons

have secured and able to maintain at least their livelihood prior to the upgrading of the project road. It

will be done every six months period.

The Federal or the Regional social and labor bureaus will be responsible for the external monitoring of

the RAP. Representatives of the Federal or Regional social and labor bureaus will have significant role

in the external monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the RAP every quarter. External

evaluators will share responsibilities on the variables they will monitor and the logistics and related

costs will be covered by the respective departments. The evaluators will use ERA’s standard format for

the evaluation of the implantation of this RAP. The WB supervision missions will also serve as one of

the external monitoring mechanisms.

At the end of all expropriation/compensation operations, ERA will hire an independent consultant to

conduct a household survey on resettled PAPs to evaluate the impacts of the resettlement and other

implemented social mitigation measures. During the survey, in addition to the resettled PAPs, Woreda

and Kebele level administrations will be consulted to provide their assessments of the impacts of the

mitigation measures.

After completion of the resettlement/rehabilitation operations, it is expected that PAPs will be better off

than prior to resettlement. Therefore, resettlement/rehabilitation operations need to be monitored as

regard performance and compliance with the set goals. The evaluation report will be used as a planning

instrument to correct pending issues and suggest a post-RAP monitoring period in the aim to ensure that

PAPs have not been subject to impoverishment induced by the project. The post-RAP implementation

evaluation for the first section will continue until project completes the second and third part i.e., the

second and third year. In addition to this, since this is an eight year project, the ERA has time to assess

and make improvements in the implementation of the RAP for the remaining sections. As per the

existing project situation, collaboration with local stakeholders and planning, the livelihood restoration

activities will be achieved. There are no serious obstacles to hamper the livelihood restoration activities

to achieve its target. Moreover, in the remaining sections, there are no obstructions needing the

livelihood restoration activities. To assess the achievements and progress of the implementation of the

RAP, ERA will organize project completion workshops with other Government agencies and

representatives of PAPs.

13.4 Monitoring Indicators

The table below describes the input and output monitoring indicators to be used by the monitoring team

during implementation of the RAP.

104

Table 20: Input and Output monitoring indicators

Input Indicators Tentative timeframe

Logistic inputs for the RoW agent to establish different

committees

One week

Per diem for RoW agent during valuation and compensation Throughout project period

Per diem for members of committees during compensation Throughout project period

Training guideline, training and stationary materials for

committee members

One week

Land for land compensation Throughout project period

Financial input for monetary compensation Throughout project period

Output Indicators Tentative timeframe

Establish RAP Implementation Committees at all levels One week

Conduct workshop for the RAP Implementation Committees and

local authorities concerning the process and responsibility

One week

Confirm compensation and rates and relocation options through

consultation with RAP committee and the Woreda

Administration

Two weeks

Opening joint bank account by PAPs One week

Payment of Compensation Five weeks

Provision of land Four weeks

Construction of new houses Six weeks ( it is assumed

that a household will take to

complete its construction in

six weeks)

Relocation of public utilities (electricity and telephone) by service

providers

Six weeks

Number of PAPs involved in their preferred training for

livelihood restoration plan

Four weeks after

completion of the training

Number of PAPs who started their preferred livelihood activity

after the trainings

Four weeks after

completion of training

Number of PAPs who reported success or failure in their new

livelihood

Six weeks after final

monitoring visit

The monitoring report by the RAP Resettlement Committee will be submitted to the local authority. A

copy of this will be submitted to the Zone and Regional State Bureau of Land & Environmental

Protection and by the ESMT of ERA. It will also be enclosed in the construction progress reports

105

submitted by supervising engineers. Only in this way can RAP implementation be monitored and

problems identified and quickly resolved. The main purpose of monitoring will be to verify:

• If actions and commitments described in the RAP are implemented;

• If eligible PAPs receive their compensation prior to the civil work;

• The magnitude of RAP actions and compensation measures in restoring and improving pre-

project livelihoods and lost incomes;

• If complaints and grievances forwarded by project affected people are followed up and

appropriate corrective measures are taken;

• If necessary changes in RAP procedures are made to improve delivery of entitlements to PAPs;

• If compensation disbursement is made to correct parties;

• The physical progress of resettlement and rehabilitation;

• Restoration of social services and amenities;

• Special care and assistance provided to social groups in need of additional assistance.

All Monitoring and Evaluation Reports including Monthly and Quarterly Implementation Status Reports

will be submitted to the World Bank.

13.5 Responsible Authority

As already indicated in the aforementioned sections the implementation of this RAP is vested primarily

to ERA. On the other hand, the internal monitoring of the implementation of this RAP also remains the

responsibility of ERA. The ESMT of ERA shall monitor the implementation of this RAP aiming to

correct implementation methods during the course of the project as required.

106

14 References

FDRE. (1995). The Constitution of Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (Proc. No. 1/1995).

Addis Ababa.

FDRE. (1997a). The Environmental Policy of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa.

FDRE. (2002a). A Proclamation for the Establishment of Environmental Protection Organs (Proc. No.

295/2002). Addis Ababa.

FDRE. (2002b). Environmental Impact Assessment Proclamation (Proclamation No. 299/2002).

Addis Ababa.

FDRE. (2002c). Environmental Pollution Control Proclamation (Proclamation No. 300/2002). Addis

Ababa.

FDRE. (2005). Proclamation for to Provide for the Expropriation of Land Holdings for Public Purposes

and Payment of Compensation (Proclamation No. 455/2005). Addis Ababa.

FDRE, (2013), Road Sector Development Program 16 year Performance Assessment, October, 2013.

Addis Ababa.

FDRE: ERA: (14th May 2010) Strategic Review of Ethiopian Road Sector Development: Past and

Current Performance – Road Safety

FDRE: ERA: (February, 2013) The Socio-Environmental and Road Safety Performance Monitoring for

Southern Region Road Projects;

107

14.1 Annexes

14.2 Annex 1. Minutes of Public Consultation

115

14.3 Annex 2. Sample Photos of Affected Houses taken during Household Survey

120

14.4 Annex 3. List of names of PAPs whose different properties are affected

Table 21: List of persons whose houses / businesses are affected

N

o

Occupier

’s Name

S

e

Start Coordinate End Coordinate Statio

n

Type of construction

material

Tota

l

121

x x y x y Dire

c

tion

wall Floo

r

Roo

f

L

(m)

W

(m)

Are

a m2

1 Desta

Kedida M

22579

2

101601

8

22579

1

101602

2 L

12+05

7

Wood

and

mud

Soil CIS

5.80

6.5

0

37.7

0

2 Dereje

Gurmu M

22578

2

101604

0

22578

3

101604

6 L

12+07

5

Wood

and

mud

Soil CIS

8.50

7.0

0

59.5

0

3 Tamiru

Tola M

22578

1

101605

4

22578

1

101605

9 L

12+09

0

Wood

and

mud

Soil CIS

7.80

6.5

0

50.7

0

4 Ebisie

Fufa

F 22625

7

101735

1

22625

4

101734

8 L

13+46

0

Wood

and

mud

Soil Gras

s

2.00

4.0

0

8.00

5 Melkam

u Dabela M

22577

9

101611

6

22577

8

101611

9 L

12+14

8

Concre

te

Con

cr

ete

CIS

8.00

7.0

0

5.46

6

Jiregna

Terfa

M

22601

6

101678

2

22601

8

101678

7 R

12+62

8

Wood

and

mud

Soil CIS

4.40

3.8

0

16.7

2

22591

5

101656

6

22591

9

101657

2 R

12+61

8

Wood

and

mud

Soil CIS

11.6

0

4.3

0

49.8

8

7 Kes.

Mulatu

Asfaw M

22590

8

101655

3

22590

9

101655

8 R

12+60

2

Wood

and

mud

Soil CIS

4.60

2.3

1

10.6

3

8 Girma

Debella M

22591

1

101656

6

22597

6

101657

8 R

12+61

4

Wood

and

mud

Soil CIS

8.80

4.6

0

40.4

8

9 Jorge

Ejeta F

22501

1

101653

8

22501

6

101654

1 R

12+59

4

Wood

and

mud

Soil CIS

2.30

3.5

0

8.05

1

0

Tarekegn

Olfudha

M 22590

4

101653

3

22590

7

101654

0 R

12+58

7

Wood

and

mud

Con

cr

ete

CIS

Seal

e

d

2.30

6.1

0

14.0

3

M 22587

7

101647

2

22586

9

101647

5 R

12+51

6

Wood

and

mud

Soil CIS

13.3

0

4.6

0

61.1

8

1

1

Tamene

Mekonne

n M

22587

8

101641

8

22587

5

101646

6 R

12+50

4

Wood

and

mud

Soil CIS

2.50

5.3

0

13.2

5

1

2 Kassahu

n Adane M

22583

6

101640

2

22583

5

101639

7 L

12+44

3

Concre

te

Con

cr

ete

CIS

Seal

e

d

5.00

4.8

0

24.0

0

1

3 Fekade

Chamiru M

22583

9

101638

5

22584

6

101638

7 R

12+42

0

Concre

te

Con

cr

ete

CIS

2.00

4.2

0

8.40

122

1

4 Alemi

Busho F

22581

4

101632

5

22581

2

101632

4 L

12+35

5

Wood

and

mud

Soil CIS

8.50

5.5

0

46.7

5

N

o

Occupier

’s Name

S

e

x

Start Coordinate End Coordinate Di

r

ec

t

io

n

Statio

n

Type of construction material Tot

al

Are

a

m2

x y x y wall Floo

r

Ro

of

L

(m

)

W

(m

)

1

5 Tamirat

Samuel

M 2259

00

10165

11

2259

02

10165

14 L

12+4

50

Wood

and mud

Soil CIS

2.8

0

4.6

0

12.8

8

1

6 Melaku

Garuma M

2258

15

10162

86

2258

13

10162

90 R

12+3

30

Wood

and mud

Cem

e nt

Con

cr

ete

CIS

2.8

0

4.7

0

13.1

6

1

7

Workine

sh

Garuma F

2258

13

10162

90

2258

17

10162

93 R

12+6

40

Wood

and mud

Soil CIS

2.9

0

4.9

0

14.2

1

1

8

Fikiru

Tamiru M

2258

03

10162

79

2258

02

10162

85 L

12+3

20

Wood

and mud

Soil CIS

6.0

0

4.0

0

24.0

0

2258

00

10162

64

2257

96

10162

59 L

12+2

90

Wood

and mud

Soil CIS

1.4

0

5.4

0

7.56

1

9 Jalata

Temesge

n

M 2258

89

10164

51

2258

91

10164

55 L

12+2

75

Wood

and mud

Soil CIS

4.2

0

3.8

0

15.9

6

2

0 Gashure

Terfasa M

2258

71

10164

85

2258

70

10165

06 L

12+5

32

Cement

Concrete

Cem

e nt

Con

cr

ete

CIS

seal

e

d

4.8

0

4.4

0

21.1

2

2

1 Feyisa

Beyene M

2258

80

10165

06

2258

78

10165

08 L

12+5

50

Wood

and mud

Soil CIS

5.7

0

3.2

0

18.2

4

2

2 Alemu

Fekadu M

2258

90

10165

19

2258

89

10165

23 L

12+5

64

Wood

and mud

Soil CIS

4.0

0

3.6

0

14.4

0

2

3

Kes.

Sahilu

W/Gabri

el

M 2258

91

10165

36

2258

89

10165

38 L

12+5

87

Wood

and mud

Soil CIS

4.0

0

4.4

0

17.6

0

123

2

4 Gemech

u Bekele M

2258

99

10165

46

2259

00

10165

47 L

12+5

94

Wood

and mud

Soil CIS

6.0

0

3.3

0

19.8

0

2

5

Kebede

Beri M 2259

35

10166

07

2259

28

10166

11 R

12+6

63

Wood

and mud

Soil CIS

3.7

0

4.8

0

17.7

6

2

6 Alemaye

hu Beri M

2259

08

10165

89

2259

11

10165

94 L

12+6

36

Wood

and mud

Soil CIS

7.0

0

5.0

0

35.0

0

2

7

Debela

Keno

M 2257

78

10161

19

2257

79

10161

19 L

12+1

50

Wood

and mud

Soil CIS

1.4

0

7.0

0

7.80

2

8

Geleta

Wakjira

M 2258

78

10163

40

2258

77

10163

42 L

12+1

62

Wood

and mud

Soil CIS

0.4

0

8.0

0

3.20

2

9

Temesge

n

Wakjira

M 2257

81

10161

47

2257

76

10161

56 L

12+1

85

Wood

and mud

Soil CIS

0.6

0

8.0

0

2.40

3

0

Wakjira

Cibsa

M 2258

79

10163

73

2258

79

10163

76 L

12+1

95

Wood

and mud

Soil CIS

2.0

0

3.0

0

6.00

3

1

Tamesge

n Fufa

M 2257

82

10161

43

2257

78

10161

48

L 12+1

70

Wood

and mud

Soil CIS

0.5

0

8.2

0

4.40

3

2

Tirunesh

Gebeyeh

u

F 2258

55

10163

91

2258

51

10163

96

R 12+4

33

Wood

and mud

Soil CIS

1.1

0

8.0

0

8.80

33 Getachew

Gurmu

M 22586

4

101646

5

22586

7

101646

9

L 12+50

8

Wood and

mud

Soil CIS 2.35

5.00

11.75

34 Kefyalew

Tadesse

M 22586

8

101647

2

22587

1

101647

7

L 12+51

6

Wood and

mud

Soil CIS 1.50

3.00

4.50

35 Asrat

Mitiku

M 22584

4

101642

5

22584

6

101643

0

L 12+46

4

Wood and

mud

Soil CIS 0.78

4.50

3.51

36 Fanton

Mitiku

M 22584

4

101642

5

22584

6

101643

0

L 12+46

4

Wood and

mud

Soil CIS 0.73

4.50

3.29

37 Degu

Edosa

M 22590

8

101653

6

22591

1

101654

8

L 12+34

2

Wood and

mud

Soil CIS 1.78

3.00

5.34

38 Nado

Bulcha and

Yashi

Atinabache

w

M 22595

2

101666

2

22595

5

101666

9

L 12+49

0

Wood and

mud

Soil CIS 3.00

5.00

15.00

39 Tadele

Kajele

M 22589

4

101647

3

22589

3

101647

6

L 12+29

5

Concrete soil CIS 6.00

8.00

48.00

40 Yeshi

Garbo

F 22588

6

101641

4

22588

4

101641

9

L 12+26

0

Wood and

mud

Soil CIS 1.70 8.00 13.60

41 Tabote

Ebisa

F 22592

3

101658

8

22592

3

101659

0

L 12+41

0

Wood and

mud

Soil CIS 2.30

3.00

6.90

42 Tola Ejeta

(Desi

Gemeda

Rented)

F 22582

9

101633

9

22582

5

101634

0

R 12+37

2

Wood and

mud

Soil CIS 1.50

5.00

7.50

124

43 Tato Genet F 22590

2

101644

7

22590

4

101645

3

R 12+27

5

Wood and

mud

Soil CIS 2.45

7.50

18.38

44 Girma

Regassa

M 22590

0

101644

4

22590

1

101644

6

R 12+26

6

Wood and

mud

Soil CIS 1.55

3.50

48.00

45 Bekele

Kajele

M 22592

3

101651

9

22592

4

101652

9

R 12+35

0

Concrete Ceme

nt

Concr

ete

CIS 0.50

8.00

4.00

46 Shibiru

Bobosha

M 22594

5

101664

1

22594

7

101664

5

L 12+47

2

Concrete Ceme

nt

Concr

ete

CIS 1.96

6.00

11.76

47 Dinka

Geleta

M 22595

5

101666

8

22595

7

101667

4

L 12+50

3

Wood and

mud

Soil CIS 1.30 5.00 6.50

48 Wakgari

Geleta

M 22596

2

101663

9

22596

4

101664

9

R 12+48

5

Wood and

mud

Soil CIS 2.40 1.50

27.60

49 Alamitu

Ejeta

F 22594

6

101660

8

22594

8

101661

0

R 12+43

5

Wood and

mud

Soil CIS 1.70 7.00 11.90

50 Fanaye

Bulcha

F 22594

8

101661

1

22594

9

101661

4

R 12+44

0

Wood and

mud

Soil CIS 1.80 0.50 9.00

51 Temesgen

Nagashu

M 22593

1

101663

1

22593

6

101657

0

R 12+39

5

Wood and

mud

Soil CIS 1.80 8.00 3.50

52 Zenabu

Terfa

F 22569

2

101636

5

22586

0

101640

5

L 12+37

2

Wood and

mud

Soil CIS 2.50 7.30 7.80

53 Bobosha

Etana

M 22598

7

101670

0

22598

9

101670

3

RH

S

12+54

0

Wood and

mud

Soil CIS 2.30 3.50 1.05

54 Adugna

Jote

M 22596

6

101669

4

22596

6

101669

6

L 12+52

8

Wo

od and

Soil CIS 3.8

5

3.80 14.63

mud

55 Tadesse

Mangistie

M 22598

1

101668

3

22598

3

101669

3

R 12+52

8

Concrete Ceme

nCon

cre

CIS 4.2

0

3.10 55.02

56 Chaltu

Tujuba

F 22598

1

101672

9

22598

0

101673

0

R 12+56

4

Wood

mud

an

d

Soil CIS

2.7

6

3.30 9.11

57 Tune

Mangistu

F 22597

3

101667

2

22597

4

101667

6

R 12+51

0

Wood

mud

an

d

Soil CIS

1.4

5

8.00 11.60

58 Melkamu

Takele

M 22602

2

101683

3

22602

2

101683

5

L 12+68

0

Wood

mud

an

d

Soil CIS

2.3

0

4.00 9.20

59 Takele

Bedhasa

M 22601

5

101681

7

22601

6

101681

9

L 12+66

3

Wood

mud

an

d

Soil Hatch

e

2.8

0

4.00 11.20

60 Dereje

Asfaw

M 22636

2

101755

5

22636

3

101755

8

R 13+47

7

Wood

mud

an

d

Soil CIS

2.6

0

4.00 10.40

61 Teferi

Asfaw

M 22625

9

101733

4

22626

2

101733

4

R 13+46

0

Wood

mud

an

d

Soil CIS

2.2

0

2.00 4.40

62 Hika Abera M 22620

9

101725

5

22626

1

101725

9

R 13+14

0

Wood

mud

an

d

Soil CIS

2.7

4

5.00 13.70

63 Kibrie

Tesfaye

F 22609

9

101706

0

22610

2

101706

4

L 13+14

8

Wood

mud

an

d

Soil CIS

1.1

0

7.00 7.70

64 Wendimu

Negese

M 22596

8

101665

1

22596

9

101665

6

R 12+48

7

Wood

mud

an

d

Soil CIS 5.00 11.50

125

2.3

0

65 Shimelis

Mosissa

M 22589

9

101652

4

22590

3

101652

8

L 12+34

6

Wood

mud

an

d

Soil CIS

0.9

4

7.00 6.58

66 Kebele

House

F 22588

0

101643

3

22588

2

101643

7

L 12+26

0

Wood

mud

an

d

Soil CIS

0.4

3

4.00 1.72

67 Husiene

Yusuf

M 22744

8

102400

5

22744

6

102400

0

L 20+52

0

Wood

mud

an

d

Soil CIS 3.0

0

4.00 12.00

68 Ahmed

Seid

M 22741

5

102411

2

22741

4

102411

2

L 20+67

8

Wood

mud

an

d

Soil CIS

2.8

0

3.00 8.40

69 Mekonne

Abdi

M 22732

4

102432

6

22733

0

102432

4

L 20+90

2

Concrete Ceme

nt

Concr

ete

CIS

0.3

0

4.00

1.20

70 Amenu

Sori

M 22705

0

102058

1

22704

8

102058

4

L 17+45

6

Wood and

mud

Soil Hatch

e

2.0

0

4.00 8.00

71 Kitila

Nemera

M 22728

1

102111

9

22729

4

102114

5

L 17+21

0

Wood and

mud

Soil CIA 4.0

0

5.00 20.00

Table 22: List of persons whose Grazing lands are affected

N

o

Occupie

r’s

Name

S

e

x

Start Coordinate End Coordinate Stati

o n

Dire

ct

ion

L

(m

)

W

(m)

Tota

l

Area

m2

x y x y

1 Gemeda

Alemay

ehu

M 2276

39

10108

66

2276

31

10108

74

6+04

0

RH

S

35

.0 10.3

360.

5

2

Ketchin

u Jaleta M

2276

31

10108

74

2275

94

10109

32

6+07

5

RH

S &

LH

S

66

.0 9.5

627.

0

3 Tadelle

Wedajo

M 2275

94

10109

32

2275

93

10109

56

6+14

0

RH

S

16

.0

7 112.

0

4 Fite

Jaleta

M 2275

93

10109

56

2275

77

10101

64

6+15

6

RH

S

64

.0

6.44

75

412.

6

5

Mulgeta

Bayisa M

2274

03

10116

51

2247

41

10117

10

7+13

0

RH

S &

LH

S

20

.0 24.3

486.

0

6 Dembel

Debela

M 2273

03

10113

51

2247

31

10113

10

5+60

0

LH

S

25

.

75 .8 1998

.1

126

7 Shume

Tolasa

M 2264

60

10188

89

2264

69

10189

34

14+8

43

RH

S

57 1.5 85.5

0

8 Emana

Jaleta

M 2264

74

10189

42

2264

87

10190

11

14+9

00

RH

S

80 1.5 120.

00

9 Nagash

Yadasa

M 2264

92

10190

21

2264

96

10190

48

14+9

80

RH

S

40 1.5 60.0

0

1

0

Balina

Eeba

M 2264

99

10190

52

2265

03

10190

70

15+0

20

RH

S

40 1.5 60.0

0

1

1

Wakjira

Terfasa

M 2265

04

10190

73

2265

20

10191

13

15+0

40

RH

S

40 1.5 60.0

0

1

2

Dadhi

Bortola

M 2265

00

10191

25

2265

15

10191

74

15+1

00

LH

S

30 3 90.0

0

1

3

Ebise

Amante

F 2266

52

10195

76

2266

62

10196

01

15+5

40

LH

S

20 2.2 44.0

0

1

4

Asmara

Nemera

M 2267

98

10198

88

2268

16

10199

35

15+8

80

RH

S

80 7.4 592.

00

1

5

Teshom

e Muleta

M 2272

57

10210

62

2272

68

10210

90

16+1

60

LH

S

30 3 90.0

0

1

6

Nagasho

Namara

M 2272

69

10210

90

2272

79

10211

13

17+1

90

LH

S

20 3 60.0

0

1

7

Kitila

Namara

M 2272

81

10211

19

2272

94

10211

45

17+2

10

LH

S

40 3 120.

00

Table 23: List of persons whose Farm lands are affected

N

O.

OCCUPIE

R'S NAME

SE

X

START CO-

ORDINATE

END CO-

ORDINATE START

STATI

ON

END

STATI

ON

DIREC

TI ON

L

(m)

W

(m

)

Total

Area

( m2) x y x y

1 Dembel

Debela

M 2277

62

10107

06

2276

76

10108

22

5+820 5+960 LHS 20.0 4.0 80.0

2 Gurmesa

Leta

M 2277

92

10107

26

2276

98

10108

02

5+800 5+960 RHS 11.5 80.

0

920.

0

3 Tamiru

Bekele

M 2278

02

10106

75

2277

60

10107

34

5+840 5+860 LHS 20.0 4.0 80.0

4 Idosa

Debela

M 2277

69

10108

01

2276

43

10108

74

5+960 5+983 LHS 19.0 26.

0

494.

0

5 Gemeda

Debela

M 2277

69

10108

01

2276

23

10108

50

5+983 6+040 LHS 20.0

0

4.0

0

80.0

6

Ketchinu

Jaleta

M 2276

72

10108

25

2276

72

10108

25

5+953 5+983 RHS 30.0 5.4 162.

0

Ketchinu

Jaleta

M 2275

88

10112

19

2275

74

10111

79

6+380 6+440 LHS 10.5 27.

0

283.

5

7 Eba Borena M 2276

98

10108

26

2276

39

10108

66

5+983 6+040 RHS 57.0 8.4 478.

8

8 Doi Fufa F 2275

88

10112

19

2275

74

10111

79

6+380 6+440 LHS 10.5 34.

0

357.

0

9 Ayana

Jaleta

M 2275

74

19111

79

2276

24

10112

67

6+440 6+480 LHS 40.0 8.0 320.

0

127

10

Oljira

Gemechu M

2276

36

10112

88

2276

50

10113

19

6+500 6+538 RHS 38.0 1.5 57.0

2276

95

10114

32

2277

18

10114

70

6+660 6+702 RHS 42.0 4.0 168.

0

11

Geleta

Bulcha M

2277

15

10114

86

2277

14

10115

02

6+720 6+740 R and L 20.0 27.

0

540.

0

2277

14

10115

02

2276

93

10115

66

6+760 6+800 R and L 40.0 40.

3

1612

.0

12 Birhanu

Tolera M

2276

93

10115

66

2275

56

10116

14

6+800 6+960 R and L 160.

0

40.

0

6400

.0

2274

85

10116

12

2275

10

10116

11

7+000 7+032 RHS 32.0 19.

0

608.

0

13 Tamane

Oljira

M 2274

46

10116

30

2274

81

10116

10

7+040 7+100 RHS 60.0 20.

0

1200

.0

14 Wagari

Galata

M 2274

41

10116

28

2274

68

10181

59

7+040 7+076 R and L 36.0 26.

0

936.

0

15 Fixe Jalata M 2274

58

10116

48

2274

88

10116

18

7+040 7+080 RHS 40.0 5.5 220.

0

16 Gemechu

Hambisa

M 2266

76

10129

46

2266

51

10129

75

8+640 8+660 RHS 20.0 1.0 20.0

17 Dereje

Hambisa

M 2266

51

10129

75

2266

43

10129

83

8+660 8+700 RHS 40.0 1.0 40.0

18 Teshome

Muleta M

2279

64

10226

62

2279

67

10226

94 18+930 18+965 LHS

35 3.5 122.

5

19 Alemu

Nagesso M

2279

64

10226

62

2279

67

10226

94 18+965 18+988 LHS

23 3 69

20 Hambisa

Bobo M

2279

67

10227

22

2279

67

10227

42 18+988 19+009 LHS

21 2.5 52.5

21 Gudeta

Damoshe M

2279

67

10227

42

2279

67

10227

67 19+009 19+020

11 4.5 49.5

Table 24: List of Different Trees Affected by Sections

Type of Tree Km 5 to 10 km 10 to 15 km 15 to 22 Total

Eucalyptus, 8,966 968 103 10,037

Bissana, 916 165 52 1,133

Tid, 360 478 156 994

Abeyi, 246 246

Fictus, 4 4

Coffee, 123 50 124 297

Muka Arba, 92 6 5 103

Reji, 616 616

Wanza, 13 23 10 46

128

Bosoka, 4 4

Gelano, 12 4 21 37

Banana, 48 292 16 356

Mango, 1 40 65 106

Avocado, 19 37 43 99

Gravillia, 125 103 31 259

Gesho 5 11 16

Komogno, 5 2 7

Khat, 190 41 231

Cheka 3 31 34

Girawa 26 8 11 45

Jakaranda 188 43 231

Jatropha, 18 18

Suspania, 14 14

Shiwashiwe, 6 6

Nim, 95 95

Papaya, 2 2

Abeba zaf 102 102

Cactus 10 10

Cotton 1 1

Grand Total 15,149

129

14.5 Annex 5: Baseline PAPs Household Income

N

O.

OCCUPIE

R'S

NAME

START CO-

ORDINATE

END CO-

ORDINATE DI

R

Statio

n

Affected

house

Monthly

Income

x y x y

1 Desta

Kedida

M 225792 101601

8

22579

1

101602

2

LH

S

12+0

57

Shop 8,000.00

2 Dereje

Gurmu

M 225782 101604

0

22578

3

101604

6

LH

S

12+0

75

Residenc

e

8,000.00

3 Tamiru

Tola

M 225781 101605

4

22578

1

101605

9

LH

S

12+0

90

Residenc

e

1,500.00

4 Ebisie

Fufa

F 226257 101735

1

22625

4

101734

8

LH

S

13+4

60

Residenc

e

500.00

5 Melkamu

Dabela

M 225779 101611

6

22577

8

101611

9

LH

S

12+1

48

Residenc

e

4,268.00

6

Jiregna

Terfa M

226016 101678

2

22601

8

101678

7

RH

S

12+6

28

Store

12,000.00

225915 101656

6

22591

9

101657

2

RH

S

12+6

18

Store 14,333.00

7

Kes.

Mulatu

Asfaw

M 225908 101655

3

22590

9

101655

8

RH

S

12+6

02

Business

+

residence

2,500.00

8 Girma

Debella M 225911

101656

6

22597

6

101657

8

RH

S

12+6

14

Business

+

residence

15,000.00

9 Jorge

Ejeta F 225011

101653

8

22501

6

101654

1

RH

S

12+5

94

Business

+

residence

600.00

10

Tarekegn

Olfudha M 225904

101653

3

22590

7

101654

0

RH

S

12+5

87

Residenc

e

45,000.00 Tarekegn

Olfudha

M 225877 101647

2

22586

9

101647

5

RH

S

12+5

16

Business

11

Tamene

Mekonnen M 225878

101641

8

22587

5

101646

6

RH

S

12+5

04

Butcher

House 500.00

12 Kassahun

Adane M 225836

101640

2

22583

5

101639

7

LH

S

12+4

43

Barber

Shop 15,000.00

13 Fekade

Chamiru

M 225839 101638

5

22584

6

101638

7

RH

S

12+4

20

Shop 30,000.00

14 Alemi

Busho

F 225814 101632

5

22581

2

101632

4

LH

S

12+3

55

Restaura

nt

3,000.00

15 Tamirat

Samuel

M 225900 101651

1

22590

2

101651

4

LH

S

12+4

50

Business 20,000.00

16 Melaku

Garuma M 225815

101628

6

22581

3

101629

0

RH

S

12+3

30

Shop

share

wall with

35,000.00

S

E

X

130

next

house

17 Workinesh

Garuma F 225813

101629

0

22581

7

101629

3

RH

S

12+6

40

Business 20,000.00

18

Fikiru

Tamiru

M 22580

3

10162

79

2258

02

10162

85

L

H

S

12+

320

Shop 30,000.00

Fikiru

Tamiru

M 22580

0

10162

64

2257

96

10162

59

L

H

S

12+

290

Reside

nce

25,000.00

19 Jalata

Temesge

n

M 22588

9

10164

51

2258

91

10164

55

L

H

S

12+

275

shop 20,000.00

20 Gashure

Terfasa

M 22587

1

10164

85

2258

70

10165

06

L

H

S

12+

532

Busine

ss

500.00

21 Feyisa

Beyene

M 22588

0

10165

06

2258

78

10165

08

L

H

S

12+

550

Busine

ss

6,000.00

22 Alemu

Fekadu

M 22589

0

10165

19

2258

89

10165

23

L

H

S

12+

564

residen

ce

600.00

23 Kes.

Sahilu

W/Gabri

el

M 22589

1

10165

36

2258

89

10165

38

L

H

S

12+

587

Reside

nce

3,137.00

24 Gemech

u Bekele

M 22589

9

10165

46

2259

00

10165

47

L

H

S

12+

594

Busine

ss

2,000.00

25

Kebede

Beri M 22593

5

10166

07

2259

28

10166

11

R

H

S

12+

663

shop Not

willing to

disclose

26 Alemaye

hu Beri

M 22590

8

10165

89

2259

11

10165

94

L

H

S

12+

636

Store 3,000.00

27

Debela

Keno

M 22577

8

10161

19

2257

79

10161

19

L

H

S

12+

150

Reside

nce

Not

willing to

disclose

28 Geleta

Wakjira

M 22587

8

10163

40

2258

77

10163

42

L

H

S

12+

162

Reside

nce

600.00

29

Temesge

n

Wakjira

M 22578

1

10161

47

2257

76

10161

56

1

L

H

S

12+

185

Reside

nce

Not

willing to

disclose

30 Wakjira

Cibsa

M 22587

9

10163

73

2258

79

10163

76

L

H

S

12+

195

Reside

nce

1,200.00

31 Tamesge

n Fufa

M 22578

2

10161

43

2257

78

10161

48

L

H

S

12+

170

Reside

nce

10,000.00

131

32 Tirunesh

Gebeyeh

u

F 22585

5

10163

91

2258

51

10163

96

R

H

S

12+

433

Reside

nce

10,000.00

33 Getache

w Gurmu

M 22586

4

10164

65

2258

67

10164

69

L

H

S

12+

508

Reside

nce

4,000.00

34 Kefyale

w

Tadesse

M 22586

8

10164

72

2258

71

10164

77

L

H

S

12+

516

Reside

nce

500.00

35 Asrat

Mitiku

M 22584

4

10164

25

2258

46

10164

30

L

H

S

12+

464

Reside

nce

500.00

36

Fanton

Mitiku

M 22584

4

10164

25

2258

46

10164

30

L

H

S

12+

464

Busine

ss+

residen

ce

11,000.00

37 Degu

Edosa

M 22590

8

10165

36

2259

11

10165

48

L

H

S

12+

342

Reside

nce

10,000.00

38

Nado

Bulcha

and

Yashi

Atinabac

hew

M 22595

2

10166

62

2259

55

10166

69

L

H

S

12+

490

Reside

nce

4,000.00

39 Tadele

Kajele

M 22589

4

10164

73

2258

93

10164

76

L

H

S

12+

295

Reside

nce

20,000.00

40 Yeshi

Garbo

F 22588

6

10164

14

2258

84

10164

19

L

H

S

12+

260

Reside

nce

100.00

41

Tabote

Ebisa

F 22592

3

10165

88

2259

23

10165

90

L

H

S

12+

410

Reside

nce

Not

willing to

disclose

42

Tola

Ejeta

F 22582

9

10163

39

2258

25

10163

40

R

H

S

12+

372

Reside

nce

3000.00

4

3

Tato

Genet

F 2259

02

10164

47

2259

04

10164

53

RHS 12+275 Reside

nce

Not

willin

g to

discl

ose

4

4

Girma

Regass

a

M 2259

00

10164

44

2259

01

10164

46

RHS 12+266 Reside

nce

23,15

0.00

4

5

Bekele

Kajele

M 2259

23

10165

19

2259

24

10165

29

RHS 12+350 Reside

nce

Not

willin

g to

discl

ose

132

4

6

Shibiru

Bobos

ha

M 2259

45

10166

41

2259

47

10166

45

LHS 12+472 Busine

ss+

residen

ce

18,00

0.00

4

7

Dinka

Geleta

M 2259

55

10166

68

2259

57

10166

74

LHS 12+503 Busine

ss+

residen

ce

10,00

0.00

4

8

Wakga

ri

Geleta

M 2259

62

10166

39

2259

64

10166

49

RHS 12+485 Reside

nce

Not

willin

g to

discl

ose

4

9

Alamit

u Ejeta

F 2259

46

10166

08

2259

48

10166

10

RHS 12+435 Busine

ss

butcher

4,000

.00

5

0

Fanaye

Bulcha

F 2259

48

10166

11

2259

49

10166

14

RHS 12+440 Reside

nce

5,000

.00

5

1

Temes

gen

Nagash

u

M 2259

31

10166

31

2259

36

10165

70

RHS 12+395 Reside

nce

5400.

00

5

2

Zenabu

Terfa

F 2256

92

10163

65

2258

60

10164

05

LHS 12+372 Reside

nce

3,300

.00

5

3

Bobos

ha

Etana

M 2259

87

10167

00

2259

89

10167

03

RHS 12+540 Busine

ss

2,000

.00

5

3

Adugn

a Jote

M 2259

66

10166

94

2259

66

10166

96

LHS 12+528 Reside

nce

7,000

.00

5

5

Tadess

e

Mangis

tie

M 2259

81

10166

83

2259

83

10166

93

RHS 12+528 Busine

ss+

residen

ce

3,700

.00

5

6

Chaltu

Tujuba

F 2259

81

10167

29

2259

80

10167

30

RHS 12+564 Reside

nce

500.0

0

5

7

Tune

Mangis

tu

F 2259

73

10166

72

2259

74

10166

76

RHS 12+510 Reside

nce

200.0

0

5

8

Melka

mu

Takele

M 2260

22

10168

33

2260

22

10168

35

LHS 12+680 Shop

5,000

.00

5

9

Takele

Bedhas

a

M 2260

15

10168

17

2260

16

10168

19

LHS 12+663 Tea

shop

6,200

.00

6

0

Dereje

Asfaw

M 2263

62

10175

55

2263

63

10175

58

RHS 13+477 Shop

1,500

.00

133

6

1

Teferi

Asfaw

M 2262

59

10173

34

2262

62

10173

34

RHS 13+460 Shop

1,500

.00

6

2

Hika

Abera

M 2262

09

10172

55

2262

61

10172

59

RHS 13+140 Shop

6,000

.00

6

3

Kibrie

Tesfay

e

F 2260

99

10170

60

2261

02

10170

64

LHS 13+148 Reside

nce/

Rented

Not

willin

g to

discl

ose

6

4

Wendi

mu

Negese

M 2259

68

10166

51

2259

69

10166

56

RHS 12+487 Store 8,000

.00

6

5

Shimel

is

Mosiss

a

M 2258

99

10165

24

2259

03

10165

28

LHS 12+346 Reside

nce

10,00

0.00

6

6

Kebele

House

F 2258

80

10164

33

2258

82

10164

37

LHS 12+260 Reside

nce

9,500

.00

6

7

Husien

e

Yusuf

M 2274

48

10240

05

2274

46

10240

00

LHS 20+520 Shop

8,000

.00

6

8

Ahmed

Seid

M 2274

15

10241

12

2274

14

10241

12

LHS 20+678 Barber

Shop

8,000

.00

6

9

Mekon

ne

Abdi

M 2273

24

10243

26

2273

30

10243

24

LHS 20+902 Tea

shop

8,000

.00

7

0

Amenu

Sori

M 2270

50

10205

81

2270

48

10205

84

LHS 17+456 residen

ce

1,500

.00

7

1

Kitila

Nemer

a

M 2272

81

10211

19

2272

94

10211

45

LHS 17+210 residen

ce

500.0

0

N

O

.

OCCUPIER'

S NAME

START

CO-

ORDINATE

END CO-

ORDINATE DIR

Station Affected

property

Monthly

Income

x y x y

1 Dembel

Debela M 22776

2

101070

6

22767

6

101082

2 LH

S 5+820

Farmlan

d

8,000.00

2 Gurmesa

Leta M 22779

2

101072

6

22769

8

101080

2

RH

S 5+800

Farmlan

d

9,500.00

3

Tamiru

Bekele M 22780

2

101067

5

22776

0

101073

4

LH

S 5+840

Farmlan

d

10,000.0

0

4 Idosa Debela

M 22776

9

101080

1

22764

3

101087

4

LH

S 5+960

Farmlan

d

9,800.00

S

E

X

134

5

Gemeda

Debela M 22776

9

101080

1

22762

3

101085

0

LH

S 5+983

Farmlan

d

11,000.0

0

6

Ketchinu

Jaleta M 22767

2

101082

5

22767

2

101082

5

RH

S 5+953

Farmlan

d

12,000.0

0

Ketchinu

Jaleta M 22758

8

101121

9

22757

4

101117

9

LH

S 6+380

Farmlan

d

12,000.0

0

7 Eba Borena

M 22769

8

101082

6

22763

9

101086

6

RH

S 5+983

Farmlan

d

5,500.00

8 Doi Fufa

F 22758

8

101121

9

22757

4

101117

9

LH

S 6+380

Farmlan

d

6,000.00

9 Ayana Jaleta

M 22757

4

191117

9

22762

4

101126

7

LH

S 6+440

Farmlan

d

4,600.00

10

Oljira

Gemechu

M

22763

6

101128

8

22765

0

101131

9

RH

S 6+500

Farmlan

d

3,137.00

22769

5

101143

2

22771

8

101147

0

RH

S

6+660 Farmlan

d

3,600.00

11

12

Geleta

Bulcha

M

22771

5

101148

6

22771

4

101150

2

RH

S &

LH

S

6+720

Farmlan

d

8,000.00

22771

4

101150

2

22769

3

101156

6

RH

S &

LH

S

6+760

Farmlan

d

9,500.00

Birhanu

Tolera

M

22769

3

101156

6

22755

6

101161

4

RH

S &

LH

S

6+800

Farmlan

d

10,000.0

0

22748

5

101161

2

22751

0

101161

1

RH

S 7+000

Farmlan

d

9,800.00

13

Tamane

Oljira M 22744

6

101163

0

22748

1

101161

0

RH

S 7+040

Farmlan

d

11,000.0

0

14

Wagari

Galata M

22744

1

101162

8

22746

8

101815

9

RH

S &

LH

S

7+040

Farmlan

d

11,000.0

0

15

Fixe Jalata

M 22745

8

101164

8

22748

8

101161

8

RH

S 7+040

Farmlan

d

12,000.0

0

16 Gemechu

Hambisa M 22667

6

101294

6

22665

1

101297

5

RH

S 8+640

Farmlan

d

5,500.00

17 Dereje

Hambisa M 22665

1

101297

5

22664

3

101298

3

RH

S 8+660

Farmlan

d

6,000.00

18 Teshome

Muleta M

22796

4

102266

2

22796

7

102269

4

LH

S

18+93

0

Farmlan

d

135

8,600.00

19 Alemu

Nagesso M

22796

4

102266

2

22796

7

102269

4 LH

S

18+96

5

Farmlan

d

9,137.00

20 Hambisa

Bobo M

22796

7

102272

2

22796

7

102274

2

LH

S

18+98

8

Farmlan

d

7,600.00

21 Gudeta

Damoshe M

22796

7

102274

2

22796

7

102276

7

LH

S

19+00

9

Farmlan

d

9,700.00

136

14.6 Annex 6: Material

Extraction sites and their

distance from community

137

14.7 Annex 7: PAPs Household Survey Tool

Interviewer name

Road Project Realignment Section

Household number

GPS location of homestead E

N

Name of Household Head

Ethnic Group of Household

Religion/s of Household

House Number Kebele

Town/Village Woreda

Zone Regional

State

How long has household lived here? Always

If not always, number of years/months Where did you

live before?

Category Affected Loss of structure(s)

No productive land lost

1 Loss of stru

Productive

l

cture(s) and lost 2

No loss of structure(s)

Productive land lost

3

Date: Interview / / 20

Date: Data input / / 20

138

Q 1 Please tell us about the members who make up your household. [Note: The respondent must be No.1]

No Name Age Gender Relation

to HH

Residential Education Employment

Status

Primary Occupation

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

..

..

20

Total No in Household

[Refer to Code List on following page]

139

Sex

Female 1 Male 2

RELATIONSHIP TO HOUSEHOLD HEAD (H/H)

Head of H/H 1 Grandparent 9

Spouse/Partner 2 Other close relative 10

Son/daughter 3 Adopted/foster/step child 11

Son-/daughter-in law 4 Not related – dependent 12

Grandchild 5 Not related – not dependent 13

Parent/parent-in-law 6 Renting 14

Brother/sister 7 Hired worker 15

Brother-/sister-in-law 8

RESIDENTIAL STATUS

Live permanently in homestead 1 Student away – Addis Ababa 5

Work away – Addis Ababa 2 Student away – other parts of Ethiopia 6

Work away – other parts of

Ethiopia

3 Student away – other country 7

Work away – other country 4 Temporarily away 8

EDUCATION (Present level, if still at school; highest level attained, if out of school)

Don’t know 1 Grade 7 – 8 8

None, illiterate 2 Grade 9 – 10 9

Read and write 3 Grade 11 – 12 10

Pre-school 4 Technical school 11

Crèche, nursery school 5

Post school qualification (non-

university) 12

Grade 1 – 4 6 Post school qualification (university) 13

Grade 5 – 6 7

140

EMPLOYMENT STATUS

Self-employed 1 Pre-school 5

Wage-employed 2 Student 6

Fit, able to work 3 Pensioner/aged 7

Not fit for work/disabled 4 Not at school 8

141

Q 2 List all the main structures of the household. Please emphasize that information on buildings that is being collected in this survey

is only for impact assessment purposes. A proper valuation exercise will be undertaken pre-implementation.

N

o

.

Phot

o

No.

Main

purpose

Ownership

Status –

Resident

Household

[If not fully

owned by

Resident

Household,

Name and

Address of

Owner(s)]

No.

Room

s

Length

/ Width

(Round

=

diamet

er)

Permane

nt

Description of main

construction material

Affected

1 =

Yes

2 =

No

Floor Walls Roof 1 =

Yes

2 =

No

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

142

Coding:

Main Purpose

1 =

Residential

2 = Business

(specify)

3 =

Residential +

business

(specify)

4 = Kitchen

5 =

Toilet/shower

6 = Education

7 = Health

8 = Religious

(specify)

9 =

Recreation

10 = Storage /

shed 11 = Rented

room

12 = Other (specify)

Ownership

Status –

Resident

Household

1 =

Owned

2 =

Rente

d -

government

3 =

Rented -

family

4 =

Rented -

other private

5 = Not

owned + no

rent

6 =

Other

(specify)

Main

Flo

or

Material

1 =

Brick

2 =

Concrete

3 =

Mud,

earth

4 =

Tiles

5 =

No floor

6 =

Other

(specify)

Main Wall

Material

1 =

Brick,

blocks

2 =

Mud +

wood/

sticks

3 =

Wood,

poles

4 =

Iron / tin

5 =

Stone

6 =

Plastic

sheeting

7 =

No wall

8 =

Other

(specify)

Main Roof Material

1 =

Thatch,

straw

2 =

Iron / tin

3 =

Concrete/cement

4 =

Wood

5 =

Tiles

6 =

Plastic

7 =

No roof

8 =

Other

(specify)

Q 3 Other homestead structures/fixed assets on the site:

Purpose

No. of

Structur

es

Main Construction Material

1 = Iron / tin

2 = Mud + wood /

sticks

3 = Wire fence and

posts

4 = Hedge

5 = Plant material

6 = Brick, concrete

7 = Stone

8 = Wood, poles

9 = Other (specify)

Structure 1 Structure 2 Structure 3

Livestock

Shed

Chicken,

Duck,

143

Poultry Coop

Dog Shelter

Pig Sty

Fence, Hedge

Power Line

Telephone

Line

Water Outlet

(specify)

Other

(Specify)

Other

(Specify)

Interviewer: Sketch all structures in homestead area on the last page of the survey.

Q 4 Where does the household obtain water for domestic purposes?

Rainwater tank on homestead stand 1

Piped water on homestead stand 2

Well on homestead stand 3

Communal pump off homestead stand 4

Buy water 5

Other (specify) 6

Q 5 Does the household have access to the following on-site utilities?

Electricity 1

Public drainage 2

Land telephone 3

Access road to house 4

Q 6 If the household living here needs medical attention, where is your nearest healthcare facility?

144

Type of healthcare facility ………………………………………………………………

Kebele/Village……………………...... ….. Woreda/Zone…………………………….

Q 7 If the household has children that attend school, where do they go to school?

Kebele/Village……………………...... ….. Woreda/Zone…………………………….

Q 9 How many trees does the household have that will be affected?

Type No. at

Homestead

Stand

Off Homestead Stand

No. GPS reading

Apple

Mango

Lemon

Orange

Avocado

Pear

Guava

Banana

Papaya/pawpaw

Peach

Tid

Bahirzaf

Other (specify)

145

Q 10 Fill in the details of each piece of land to which your household currently has access, including land for residence/business:

N

o.

GPS Use By

Whom

Usage

Rights

Purpose Of

Usage

Main

Crop

Types

Size Of

Land

(ha)

Size Of

Affected Area

(ha)

N/A = Not

Affected

1 E N

2 E N

3 E N

4 E N

5 E N

6 E N

Coding:

Use by Whom:

1 = Not used

2 = Household only

3 = Other household/s only

(state name/s of H/Hs)

4 = Household and other

household/s (state name/s of

other H/Hs)

5 = Other (specify)

Usage Rights:

1 = Household

(H/hold) is landholder:

use land

2 = H/hold is

landholder: sharecrop

3 = H/hold is

landholder: rent/lease

out

4 = H/hold is not

landholder: rent/lease

5 = H/hold is not

landholder: sharecrop

6 = Other (specify)

Purpose of Usage:

1 = Fallow land

2 = Residence

3 = Business

4 = Residence

business

5 = Agriculture

6 = Grazing

7 = Woodlots

8 = Recreation

9 = Other (specify)

+ Main Crop

Types:

1 =

Fallow

land

2 =

Teff

3 =

Barley

11 =

Potatoes

12 =

Sweet

Potatoes

13 =

Onions

14 =

Pumpkins

15 =

Chillies

17 = Garlic

146

4 =

Wheat

5 =

Maize

6 =

Sorghum

7 =

Millet

8 = Dry

Beans

9 =

Coffee

10 =

Chat

18 =

Peanuts

19 =

Sugarcane

20 =

Pineapples

21 =

Other

(specify)

Q 11.1 How many livestock does the household have?

Animal Type No

Donkeys/Mules

Horses

Cattle (oxen, cows, heifers, bulls, calves)

Goats

Sheep

147

Chickens

Ducks

Other (specify)

TOTAL

148

Q 11.2 If the household uses grazing land, state where the land is situated:

Q 12 Please tell us how much money, if any, was received by your household from each of the

following sources in …… 20.. (last month)? We are only interested in cash income available to

the household. (Interviewer: Emphasise that the information will be kept confidential)

BIRR

Employment Gross profits from self-employment

Salaries, wages of resident household members

Migrant remittances from family members

Pensions, allowances, social welfare grants and insurance payments

Investments Burial society

Other (specify)

Housing and

Property

Renting of housing, rooms

Renting of arable land

Agriculture Livestock sales

Grain sales

Crop, vegetable, fruit sales

Animal products’ sales

Other (specify)

Transfers received from other households

Money withdrawn from savings account, borrowed, or credit

obtained

Other income sources (specify)

TOTAL CASH INCOME FOR LAST MONTH

Q 13.1 Did you sell agricultural products in the last year (12 months)?

YES NO

Go to Q 13.2 Go to Q 14

149

Q 13.2. If yes, estimated income from sales?

Agricultural Product Value

(Birr)

Crops

Vegetables

Fruit

Nuts

Beer from fruit/nuts

Milk, butter, dairy products

Eggs

Hides, skins

Other (specify)

TOTAL

Q 14 Is the household is involved in any of the following activities as a source of income? If so,

what are the average earnings for each activity?

Activity Average

Birr

each

month

Average

Birr

each

year

Livestock keeping

Collecting firewood

Making charcoal

Collecting thatching grass

Catching wild animals

Cultivating/collecting honey

Collecting incense

Panning for gold

Fishing

Weaving, spinning

150

Handcrafts: pottery, basket-making

Milling

Traditional healing

Transport

Q 15 Does your household exchange/barter goods instead of using money?

YES NO

Q 16.1 Does your household employ any permanent laborers?

YES NO

Go to Q 16.2 Go to Q 17.1

Q 16.2 If yes please provides the details for each laborer that you employ permanently:

Type of Labourer

Total number of

permanent labourers

employed in a year

Average monthly

wage per labourer

(Birr)

Approximate

monthly value of in-

kind

payment (e.g. food

and accommodation) Male Female Male Female

Household/Domestic

Agricultural

Other (specify)

Q17.1 Does your household employ agricultural laborers on a seasonal/temporary basis?

YES NO

Go to Q 17.2 Go to Q 18.1

151

Q17.2 If yes, please provide the details for seasonally/temporarily employed laborers:

Season

Approximate number

of seasonal labourers

employed in a year

Total labour days for

all seasonal labourers

per year

Average daily wage

per

labourer

(Birr)

Male Female Male Female

Q 18.1 Is any member of your household a member of any local organisation?

YES NO

Go to Q 18.2 Go to Q 19

Q 18.2 If yes, state the type and name of the organization and the position held, if any:

Organization Name Organization Type Position Held

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