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f~wgKv:

weÁvb I cÖhyw³i Kj¨v‡Y eZ©gvb mgvR e¨ve ’v msev`cÎ, †iwWI, †Uwjwfkb wbf©i n‡q c‡o‡Q| AZ¨vaywbK cÖhyw³

gvby‡li Rxeb‡K mnR Ki‡jI AvRI gvbyl msev`c‡Îi Ici wbf©ikxj | †iwWI-‡Uwjwfk‡bi Zzjbvq GLv‡b Lei

we ÍvwiZfv‡e cvIqv hvq | ZvB Ab¨vb¨ AvaywbK gva¨g _vKv m‡Ë¡I Gi Av‡e`b GLbI ¤œvb n‡q hvqwb| †Uwjwfk‡b

†hgb †Kvb NUbvi

msev`c‡Îi BwZnvm cvIqv hvq ‡mB †gŠh© hyM †_‡K | ZLbKvi mg‡q hviv iv‡R¨i hveZxq msev` msMÖn K‡i AvbZ

Zv‡`i ejv nZ cÖwZ‡e`K | fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k cÖ_g msev`cÎ cÖKvwkZ nq 1780 mv‡j | KjKvZv †_‡K †Rgm

AMv÷vm wnwK m¤úvw`Z G cwÎKvi bvg wQj Ô†e½j †M‡RUÕ ev ÔKjKvZv †Rbv‡ij G¨vWfvU©vBRviÕ | evsjv‡`‡kI

msev`c‡Îi Rb¥ n‡q‡Q †mB e„wUk Avgj †_‡KB | cÖ_g evsjv msev`cÎ wb‡q weZ©K _vK‡jI ejv nq 1818 mv‡ji

ÕmgvPvi `c©bÕ B cÖ_g msev`cÎ | Avevi A‡b‡Ki g‡Z , M½vwK‡kvi fÆvPvh© m¤úvw`Z Ôev½vj †M‡RUÕ cÖ_g evsjv

msev`cÎ| Gw`‡K c~e©e½ †_‡K cÖKvwkZ cÖ_g msev`cÎ nj Õ iscyi evZ©ven Õ| wewfbœ c_ cwiµgvq msev`cÎ eZ©gvb

iƒc jvf K‡i‡Q| BwZnv‡mi cvZv Dëv‡j †`Lv hvq msev`cÎ I mvsevw`KZv bvbv NUbvi †cÖw¶‡Z ‡`k I RvwZ‡K

AYy‡cÖiYv w`‡q‡Q| ZvB Ugvm †Rdvimb msev`cÎwenxb miKv‡ii PvB‡Z miKviwenxb msev`c·KB cQ›` K‡i‡Qb|

GB msev`c‡Îi KvR nj mgv‡Ri wPšÍv , ‡PZbv , g~j¨‡eva , ms¯‹…wZ cÖf…wZ Zz‡j aiv Ges mgvR hv wbg©vY K‡i Zv a‡i

ivLv | A_©vr mgv‡Ri g~j¨‡eva , „wófw½ , wek¦vm GLv‡b cÖwZdwjZ n‡Z †`Lv hvq|

msev`c‡Î msev` †jLvi cvkvcvwk Av‡iKwU MyiæZ¡c~Y© welq nj e¨½wPÎ | A‡bK mgq msev‡` mivmwi e³e¨ bv w`‡q

nvm¨i‡mi gva¨‡g NUbv Zz‡j aiv nq | d‡j GB cÖwµqv‡Z cvV‡Ki `„wó †ewk AvKwl©Z nq| Zv‡`i mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM

mnR n‡q hvq KvU©yb eZ©gv‡b msev`c‡Îi Ab¨Zg kw³kvjx gva¨‡g cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| KvU©y‡bi gva¨‡g nvm¨i‡mi D‡`ªK

nq Ges †Kvb GKUv wel‡q gvbyl‡K m‡PZb Ki‡Z Gi †Kvb Rywi †bB| mvgvwRK Awbq‡gi ‡ÿ‡Î KvUz©b †Kvb †jLwbi

PvB‡Z AwaK kw³kvjx gva¨g wn‡m‡e ¯úó f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i | mvgvwRK m‡PZbZv m„wói †ÿ‡Î KvU©yb AZ¨šÍ

Kvh©Kix f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i| eZ©gv‡b KvU©yb msev`c‡Îi GKwU Acwinvh© As‡k cwiYZ n‡q‡Q|

aviYv Kiv nq gvby‡li wkíKjvi BwZnv‡mi mv‡_B weKwkZ n‡q‡Q e¨½wP‡Îi BwZnvm| gvbyl Zvi Ae ’vb Rvbvb w`‡Z

Ges Zvi Rxe‡bi AwfÁZv¸‡jv a‡i ivL‡ZB GKmgq ¸nvwP‡Îi m~Pbv K‡iwQj| A_©vr Qwe AvuKvi welqwU ïiæ †_‡KB

Rxeb m¤ú„³| Gici hy‡M hy‡M Gi weKv‡ki mv‡_ G‡m‡Q bvbv ‰ewPΨ| gRv`vi ev e¨½vZ¥K iæcwU cÖ_g †`Lv hvq MÖxK

bvU‡K| Zv‡`i K‡gwW‡Z fvuo I KzwUj Pwi‡Îi gy‡Lvk nvwmi D‡ ªK KiZ| Gici †i‡bmvi mgq wkíx wjIbv‡`© v-`v-

wfw MÖxK gy‡Lv‡ki e¨½vZ¥K aibwU‡K avib K‡i gvbyl I RxeRš‘i my‡Li Awfe¨w³¸‡jv‡K †f‡½ evwo‡q Kwg‡q A™¢yZ

wKQy †Pnvivi Abykxjb K‡ib hv nvm¨imvZ¥K avivi Avwe®‹vi K‡i| GB avivi cybive„wË NUvb DËi BD‡iv‡ci wkíx

wcUvi eªyL‡j| wZwb wPÎKjv‡K GKUz wfbœ Avw½‡K Zy‡j a‡ib| wkíK‡g©i wPivPwiZ ‡mŠ›`h©cÖ xwZ‡K wKQyUv Z¨vM K‡i ,

RbRxe‡bi LuywUbvwU‡K A_v© r Av‡kcv‡ki gvbyl‡`i Rxeb I Zv‡`i nvwm-Kvbœv wb‡q wPÎ iPbv K‡ib| Gfv‡e wZwb MÖvg,

MÖv‡gi gvby‡li Rxeb hvcb‡K Zz‡j aivi †Póv K‡ib nvm¨i‡mi Xs e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g| Z‡e G Xs w`‡q wZwb e¨½wPÎ

iPbv K‡ibwb| e¨½wP‡Îi „wóMÖvn¨, iywPkxj I ï×Zg wPÎKjvi i~cwU m„wó K‡ib Bs‡iR wkíx DBwjqvg †nvMv_©| gvby‡li

¯vfvweK †Pnviv‡K gRv`vi K‡i wZwb GKB mv‡_ gvby‡li Rxebavib PvjPjb I Af¨vm¸‡jvi e¨½ K‡ib| Zvi Ggb

wKQy m„wó nj weqvi ÷ªxU, dv÷ †÷R we µz‡qwjwU, w` †iKm cÖ‡mm: wn g¨vwiR A¨vb Ií Ig¨vb, we‡dvi GÛ AvdUvi,

wgWbvBU gWvb© Kbfvi‡mkvb| Avi G Dwbk kZ‡K e¨½wPÎ ev K¨vwi‡KPvi WªBs msw¶ß wn‡m‡e KvUz©b bv‡gI cwiwPZ

nq (bex, 1985: 19-24)|

KvUy©b ev e¨½wPÎ m¤ú‡K© DBwKwcwWqv‡Z ejv Av‡Q, ÔA cartoon is a form of dimensional illustrated visual

arts. While specific definition has changed over time , modern usage refers to a typically

non-realistic or semirealistic drawing or painting intended forsatire , caricature or humor or to

the artistic style of such works.

Cartoon kãwU Gm‡Q BUvwjqvb Cartone Ges WvP ‘Karton kã †_‡K| hvi A_©

kw³kvjx fvix KvMR| KvUz© b Gu‡K GLb KwgK ÷ªxc ˆZix Kiv nq| GB KwgK ÷ªxc mvaviYZ †`‡ki cÖavb cÖavb

cwÎKvq †`Lv hvq| GQvov ¯‹zj K‡j‡Ri cvV¨cy ͇K wewfbœ welq mnRfv‡e eySv‡bvi Rb¨ KvUz©b AuvKv n‡q _v‡K| Gi

cvkvcvwk wek¦Ry‡o RbwcÖq n‡q‡Q wewfbœ KwgK wmwiR| †hLv‡b KvUz©b G‡K NUbvi iƒc `vb Kiv nq| ev”Pv‡`i Rb¨

g~jZ ‰Zix Kiv Gme KvUz©b PwiÎ I NUbv eo‡`i Kv‡QI mgvb wcÖq|

KvUz©‡bi BwZnv‡mi w`‡K hw` ZvKv‡j †`Lv hvq IqvUvimb (Watterson, 1995) Gi g‡Z , 1800 mv‡ji w`‡K cÖ_g

KwgK ÷ªxc †`Lv hvq hy³iv‡óª | „k¨gvb, eyS‡Z mnR I gRv`vi e‡j Zv ªyZ RbwcÖq n‡Z ïiy K‡i|

wcÖ›U wgwWqv‡Z AvaywbK KvUz©‡bi m~Pbv nq 1843 mv‡j| John Leech Gi nvZ a‡i Zuvi ÔSubstance and

Shadow’ bv‡gi KvUz©‡bi gva¨‡g Gi m~Pbv| msev`c‡Î wewfbœ ai‡bi

KvUz©b †`Lv hvq| ivR‰bwZK KvUz©b , m¤úv`Kxq KvUz©b , ev”Pv‡`i Rb¨ KvUz©b cÖf„wZ| cÖ‡Z¨K †¶‡ÎB wfbœZv cwijw¶Z

nq| †hgb , m¤ú`Kxq KvUz©b msev`cÎ I wbDR I‡qemvBU¸‡jv‡Z cvIqv hvq| Zviv mvaviYZ †KŠZzKc~Y© fv‡e,

k³fv‡e KviI mgv‡jvPbv K‡i| Avevi g¨vMvwR‡b †`Lv hvq wm‡½j c¨v‡bj M¨vM KvUz©b| GLv‡b GKwU w¯úP †ejyb

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msev`c‡Î †h KvUz©b AvuKv nq Zv‡Z K‡qKwU di‡gU †`Lv hvq| GK †d«g di‡gU †hgb cvIqv hvq †Zgwb Avevi

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KvUz©b †`Lv hvq| Avi G¸‡jv mvaviYZ iweev‡i cÖKvwkZ msev`c‡ÎB _v‡K| AZGe ejv hvq , KvUz©‡bi fvlvqI Kvwnbx

eY©bv Kiv m¤¢e | Avi †h‡nZz nvm¨im gvby‡li ¯vfvweK cÖe„wË , ZvB G¸‡jv `ªyZ Zv‡`i g‡bv‡hvM †K‡o †bq | A¼‡bi

ˆkwíKZv I gb‡bi mgš‡q m„wó nq GBme e¨½wPÎ | mgv‡Ri we`¨gvb Ae ’v , `ybx©wZ , AbvPvi cÖf…wZi weiy‡× cÖwZev`

†hgb dzwU‡q †Zvjv nq , †Zgwb mvdj¨ evZ©vI Zz‡j aiv hvq | mgv‡Ri Am½wZ I mdjZv Ges gvby‡li wPšÍv‡K G

ai‡bi wPÎ cÖfvweZ Ki‡Z cv‡i |

evsjvq e¨½wP‡Îi †MvovcËb nq weªwUk fvi‡Z| 18 I 19 kZ‡K fvi‡Zi wPÎKjvq BD‡ivcxq aviv hy³ nq| Gi

avivevwnKZvq e¨½wP‡Îi BwZnvm ïiy nq| | ZLb Rwg`vi, D”PweË, e¨emvqx, weªwUk Kg©KZ©v‡`i Rb¨ mxwgZ I wk‡í

cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q AkøxjZv , KjKvZvi bMi Rxeb , evey Avi MwYKvj‡qi wPÎ| c~e© †_‡K cÖKvwkZ cwÎKv¸‡jvi g‡a¨

Ag„ZevRvi cwÎKv cÖ_g KvUy©b Qv‡c (28 †deªæqvwi,1872)| Gici cÎcwÎKvi gva¨‡g evsjvq e¨½wP‡Îi c~Y©v½ e¨envi

†`Lv hvq 1947 Gi †`kwefv‡Mi ci| G mg‡qi DËvj ivRbxwZ I we¶y× mgv‡Ri fvlv n‡q I‡V e¨½wPÎ| 50 I 60

Gi `k‡K wkíx gxRvb I Rvgxi XvKvi cwÎKv mwPÎmÜvbx‡Z e¨½wPÎ Avu K‡Zb| GKB mgq gxZvRx bv‡g Avu ‡Kb

myfvl`Ë| Gici wkíx Kvgiyj nvmvb fxgiyj bv‡g, Aveyj Kv‡kg †`v-‡cuqv‡Rv bv‡g, nv‡kg Lvb Qwe Lvb bv‡g Ges

wmivRyj nK mv`v bv‡g e¨½wPÎ AuvKv ïiy K‡ib| Gici EbmËi, mËi †cwi‡q Av‡m ¯vaxbZv| GKBmv‡_ ivR‰bwZK

e¨½wP‡Îi gva¨‡g †`‡k weKwkZ nq e¨½wPÎ| G mgq mvßvwnK nwj‡W , jjbv , gvwmK mgx‡cly ¯vaxbZv- DËiKv‡j ,

mvßvwnK wewPÎv I ˆ`wbK evsjv me©vwaK e¨½wPÎ cÖKvk K‡i| mËi `k‡Ki †Mvovi w`‡K ˆ`wbK evsjvi KvUz©wb÷ Aiy‡ci

e¨½wP·K cwÎKvi cÖ_g cvZvi Acwinvh© A½ wn‡m‡e ˆZwi Ki‡Z m¶g nq| Z‡e e¨½wP·K †`‡k RbwcÖq K‡i

†Zv‡jb KvUz©wb÷ iwdKzbbex Zvi weL¨vZ †UvKvB Pwi‡Îi gva¨‡g| GLb evsjv‡`‡k cÖvq meKqwU cÖavb RvZxq ˆ`wb‡K

e¨½wPÎ cÖKvwkZ nq| GQvov i‡q‡Q ïaygvÎ e¨½wPÎ wb‡q Avwki `k‡K cÖKvwkZ nIqv ÔDb¥v`Õ Gi gZ Avjv`v cwÎKv

(Rvnv½xi, 1986: 34-35)|

ejv nq, msev`c‡Îi cÖwZev‡`i Z…Zxq aviv nj KvUz©b ev e¨½wPÎ|| nvm¨im gvby‡li ¯vfvweK cÖe„wË e‡j mn‡RB Zv‡`i

bRi Kv‡o| GwU wbR¯ c×wZ‡Z mgvR, ivóª, ivRbxwZ ms¯‹…wZ welqK Ae ’v, Am½wZ Zz‡j a‡i| Avi m„wókxjZvi

gva¨‡g e³e¨wU cvV‡Ki g‡bi †gvÿg RvqMvq †UvKv †g‡i Zvi gy ‡L nvwm dzwU‡q Zzj‡Z cvi‡jB KvU©yb mv_©K| nvwmi

Avov‡jB GwU cvVK‡K A_©en welq wb‡q wPšÍv Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i | A‡bK mgq mgv‡Ri A‡bK wPÎ e`‡j hvq

e¨½wP‡Îi Kvi‡Y| †hgb- IqvUvi †MU †K‡jsKvwi NUbvq RbgZ ˆZwi K‡iwQj †Wv‡bmeywii †÷vb Iqvj| Ackw³i

weiæ‡× I gy‡Lvk D‡b¥vP‡b KvUy©b kw³kvjx f~wgKv ivL‡Z †c‡i‡Q | Avi ZvB G‡K fq †c‡Zb we‡k¦i A‡bK cÖfvekvjx

e¨w³iv | wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i mgq Rvgv© wbi cÖfvekvjx ˆ¯ikvmK wnUjvi ZrKvjxb weªwUk KvUz©wb÷ †WwfW †jvÕi KvUz©b

GZ fq †c‡Zb †h †kl ch©šÍ Zvi KvU©yb cy‡iv Rvg©vwb‡Z wbwl× K‡iwQ‡jb Ges †WwfW †jvÕi gZ GKRb KvUz©wb÷ Zvi

Kv‡Q wQj bv e‡j Avd‡mvm K‡iwQ‡jb (ingvb, 2010: 48)|

GK mgq wnUjvi e‡jwQ‡jb , ÔAvwg PvwP©‡ji †P‡q ÔjÛb UvBgmÕ Gi KvUz©wb÷‡K †ewk fq KwiÕ (RvnvsMxi,1985:

37)| evsjv‡`‡ki msev`cθ‡jvi †¶‡Î †`Lv hvq G‡`‡ki RvZxq ˆ`wb‡K msev‡`i cvkvcvwk KvU©yb ev e¨v½wPÎ Qvcv

nq| †Kvb NUbvi cÖwZ AwW‡q݇K AvK…ó Kivi Rb¨ msev`cθ‡jv †KŠkj wn‡m‡e KvU©yb †Q‡c _v‡K|

D‡Ïk¨:

eZ©gvb mg‡q ‰`wbK cÖ_g Av‡jv cwÎKvwU †`‡ki me‡P‡q †e‡k cÖPvwiZ ‰`wbK| cwÎKvwUi cvVK msL¨v †`‡ki Ab¨vb¨

cwÎKvi Zzjbvq †ewk|cwÎKvwU‡Z cªvq cÖwZw`b Kg K‡i n‡jI GKwU K‡i e¨½wPÎ Qvcv nq| e¨½wPθ‡jv cÖavbZ

mgmvgwqK Av‡jvwPZ wel‡qi DciB n‡q _v‡K| G¸‡jv Qvcv‡bvi gva¨‡g Avgv‡`i gv‡S GK ai‡Yi evZ©v †cŠu‡Q †`qv

n‡”Q| cÖwZwµqvkxj mgvR e¨e ’vq cwieZ©b Avbvi †ÿ‡Î e¨½wPÎ GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i _v‡K| mgvR

cwieZ©‡b e¨½wPÎ Kxfv‡e Av‡jvPbvi †ÿÎ m„wó Ki‡Q †mB welqwU Zz‡j aivi D‡Ï‡k¨B M‡elYvwU Kiv n‡e|

M‡elYv cÖkœ:

M‡elYv cÖkœ M‡elYvi ‡ÿ‡Î GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq| Avgvi G M‡elYvi †ÿ‡Î m¤¢ve¨ cÖkœ ‡jv nj-

e¨½wPÎ Av‡jvPbvi †ÿÎ ˆZwi Ki‡Q Kx bv?

e¨½wP‡Îi fvlvi gva¨‡g ÿgZv‡K Kxfv‡e Zz‡j aiv n‡”Q?

e¨½wP‡Îi fvlvq †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxjZv Av‡Q Kx bv?

†hŠw³KZv:

msev`c‡Î msev` †jLvi cvkvcvwk GKwU MyiæZ¡c~Y© welq nj e¨½wPÎ| mivmwi e³e¨ bv w`‡q A‡bK mgq msev‡`

nvm¨i‡mi gva¨‡g †Kvb NUbv Zz‡j aiv nq | GB cÖwµqv‡Z me‡P‡q D‡jøL‡hvM¨ w`K n‡jv cvV‡Ki „wó †ewk AvKwl©Z

nq| Zv‡`i mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM mnR n‡q hvq| Avgiv cÖwZw`bB msev`c‡Îi cvZvq KvUz©b ev e¨½wPÎ †`L‡Z cvB ‡hgb-

ivR‰bwZK KvUz©b, m¤úv`Kxq KvUz©b, ev”Pv‡`i Rb¨ KvUz©b cÖf„wZ| G¸‡jv‡Z mvaviYZ †KŠZzKc~Y© fv‡e KviI mgv‡jvPbv

Kiv nq| nvm¨im †h‡nZz gvby‡li ¯vfvweK cÖe„wË, ZvB G¸‡jv `ªyZ Zv‡`i g‡bv‡hvM †K‡o †bq| ¯fveZB GMy‡jv wb‡q

gvbyl Av‡jvPbv ïiæ K‡i †`q| Gme e¨½wPÎ †`‡L gvby‡li †Pv‡Li mvg‡b NUbv dz‡U D‡V| gvbyl fv‡e †h †Kvb NUbvi

†cÖwÿ‡Z GB e¨½wPÎwU AvuKv n‡q‡Q| d‡j gvbyl msev`wU cv‡V AvMÖnx nq| Gme welq we‡ePbv K‡i e¨½wPÎ wb‡q

M‡elYvi wm×všÍ †bqv n‡q‡Q|

wØZxq Aa¨vq

cÖvmw½K mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv:

msev`c‡Î ivR‰bwZK KvU©yb wb‡q †ek K‡qKwU M‡elYv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e evsjv‡`‡k G wb‡q GLbI D‡jøL‡hvM¨ †Zgb

M‡elYv Kiv nqwb|

AvB‡iv mvwb, gvwR©qv nvqvwZ Avãyjøvn, dvwqR mv_x Avãyjøvn I Avwd`v †gvnv¤§` Avjx 2012 mv‡j ÔCartoon as a

vehicle of setting social agenda’Ñ wk‡ivbv‡g GKwU M‡elYv K‡ib| ywU bvB‡Rwiqvb cwÎKvi 100wU KvUz©b

wb‡q Kiv G M‡elYvq Zuviv †`wL‡q‡Qb †h, Kxfv‡e GKUv wbw ©ó mg‡q mvgvwRK-ivR‰bwZK welqmg~n KvU©y‡bi gva¨‡g

Dc ’vc‡bi Øviv msev`cθ‡jv RbgZ‡K cyb:wbg©v‡b G‡RÛv †mU K‡i| †mwgIwUKm GbvjvBwm‡mi wfwˇZ Kiv GB

M‡elYvi djvd‡j Zvuiv †`Lvb †h, 80% KvU©y‡bi welqe ‘ wQj mvgvwRK G‡RÛv †mU Kiv nq Zv mgv‡R we`¨gvb

¯fvweK †h mvgvwRK PP©v Zv‡Z cÖwZdjb K‡i| A_©vr mgv‡Ri †h ¯fvweK w`šÍv aviv msev`c‡Îi KvU©yb Zv‡Z cÖfve

†d‡j _v‡K Ges Gi d‡j RbgZ cwieZ©‡b Zv f~wgKv cvjb K‡i _v‡K|

AvwKbeqIqv I Avb AvbyjyIqvcy KvU©yb welqK Av‡iKwU M‡elYv K‡ib ‘A Critical Discourse Analysis Of

Editorial Cartoons’ wk‡ivbv‡g| Zviv M‡elYvwU K‡ib weL¨vZ MvwW©qvb cwÎKvi GwWUwiqvj KvU©yb wb‡q| GLv‡b

Zvuiv †`wL‡q‡Qb KvU©y‡bi fvlv Kxfv‡e ÿgZv AvwacZ¨, AwePvi Ges AmgZv‡K dzwU‡q †Zv‡j|

KvUz©b wb‡q Av‡iKwU M‡elYv K‡ib Rvwgjv nvKvg ÔThe `cartoons controversy': a Critical Discourse

Analysis of English-language Arab newspaper discourseÕ- wk‡ivbv‡g| wZwb M‡elYvwU K‡ib Bs‡iwR

fvlvi Avie msev`c‡Îi Dci †hLv‡b wZwb †`Lv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb †h Avie Gi Bs‡iwR fvlvi msev`cθ‡jv Kxfv‡e fvlvi

gva¨‡g BD‡ivc-‡Kw›`ªK ms¯‹„wZi GKUv †cUvb© Gi wWm‡Kvm© ˆZwi K‡i|

ÔSemio-pragmatic analysis of cartoons discourse: A step towards semiotranslationÕ wk‡ivbv‡g

M‡elYvwU K‡ib bv‡mi mvBd| wZwb GLv‡b †`Lvb KvUz©b ïay nvm¨i‡mi Rb¥ †`q Zv bv GKB mv‡_ D‡Ïk¨g~jKfv‡e

e¨v½ K‡i _v‡K| G‡ÿ‡Î M‡elK RW©vbxq KvUz©b‡K AvwU©w÷K †U·U ˆZwi‡Z Kvh©Kix wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv K‡ib Ges GB

KvU©y‡bi fvlv ¯Z:ùzZ© wµqv cÖwZwµqvi wPý wn‡m‡e ¯úófv‡e KvR K‡i|

ÔCowboy and misanthrope: a critical (discourse) analysis of Bush and bin Laden cartoonsÕ-

wk‡ivbv‡g evnv gvwR` GKUv M‡elYv K‡ib| GLv‡b wZwb †`‡Lb †h, 9/11 Gi cieZx© mg‡q Aviwe Ges Bs‡iwR

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G‡RÛv †mwUs ZË¡:

MYgva¨‡gi G‡RÛv †mwUs ZË¡wU cÖwZôv K‡i‡Qb gvwK©b MYgva¨g M‡elK g¨v·I‡qj g¨vK&K¤m I †Wvbvì k (1972)|

Zvu‡`i g‡Z, ÔMass Media have the ability to transfer the salience of items on their news agendas

to the public agenda‟ (Griffin, 2006: 395).

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G¨vbvjvBwmm c×wZ‡Z Ae`vb g~jZ hy³iv‡R¨i fvlvZvwË¡K Norman Fairclough I WvP fvlvZvwË¡K Teun A.

Van Dijk (ibid)|

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wWmK‡Kvm© ‰Zwii ÿgZv Av‡Q (Dijk, 1988: 15)

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K‡ib big¨vb †dqviK¬vD (Jorgensen and Phillips, 2002: 60)|

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wbg©vY Kiv n‡jv? Z…ZxqZ, m¤ú„³ Pwiθ‡jvi gv‡S Kx m¤úK© †`Lv‡bv n‡jv (ibid)|

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AveŸvm, Aveyj (1985)| Avi, †K, jÿY I Zvui KvUz©b| wbixÿv, msL¨v 19|

gÛj, Beªvwng (2007)| KvU©yb I KvUy©wb÷| wbixÿv, msL¨v 157|

ingvb, Lwjj (2010)| evsjv‡`‡ki msev`c‡Î KvUz©b| wbixÿv, msL¨v 189|

gCbyÏxb, Lv‡j` (2011, Rvbyqvwi 21)| KvUz©‡b Avgv‡`i mgvR ivRbxwZ| ˆ`wbK mgKvj|

nj,÷zqvU© (1997)| ‡iwcÖ‡R‡›Ukb| dvnwg yj nK Ab~w`Z| †hvMv‡hvM, msL¨v 8|

Kvgvj, Avd‡ivRv (2001)| evsjv‡`‡k msev`c‡Î cÖKvwkZ KvUz©b: GKwU mgx¶v| XvKv: evsjv‡`k †cÖm Bbw÷wUDU|

Avjg, Lyiwk` (1993)| mgvR M‡elYv c×wZ| XvKv: Kwei cvewj‡KkÝ|

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