REPORT ON THE 1947 AIRBORNE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GM 00960REPORT ON THE 1947 AIRBORNE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

http://gq.mines.gouv.qc.ca/documents/examine/GM00960

http://gq.mines.gouv.qc.ca/documents/sigeom/Licence.pdf

http://gq.mines.gouv.qc.ca/documents/sigeom/license.pdf

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INDEX

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SUBJECT PAGE .1.10.00

Concession Location

1 Maps

Climate 4

General Observations

Physiography 16

Geology 21

Transportation 06

Main Bass Camp 44

Exploration 47

Geophysics 52

Aerial Photography 33

Pewer 54

Estimate of Cost 55

Conclusions 56

t.Ca7.1iti.:;Te Ridlts:ies Naturelies, Q041-.1,

EAES GirS 14 iNZRAUX

No 676 0

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CARL. ERICKSON AND ASSOCIATES

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CONCESSION LOCATION

The property consista of approximately 1UOO square miled in

one block and is located in the northern portion of New Quebec at a point about

95 miles south west of Ungava Bay and is enclosed within the area described as

approximately Latitude 56 deg. 52 min. - 57 doge 45 mie. and Longitudes

68 deg. 55 min. -. 69 dag. 51 min., and may be particularly described as

follosrsr~

To be bounded on the South by a line drawn East and West

through the junction of the Kaniapiskau and the Swampy-bay Rivers. This

line commences at the south end of Lake Wapanikskan and proceeds in a westerly

direction for sixteen (16) miles and passes through the junction of the

Kaniapiskau and the Swampy--bay Rivers.

Bounded on the East by a line drawn from the south end of

Lake Wapanihekan in, a direction North 17 deg. West for a distance of sixty-four

(64) miles or until this line intersects the Koksoak River.

Bounded on the North by a line drawn from the ibterseo timon

of the Easterly Boundary and the £oksoak River in a westerly direction sixteen

(16) miles and parallel to the earth Boundary.

Bounded on the West by a line drawn from. the Westerly end

of the South Boundary to the Westerly end of the North Boundary and parallel to

the Best Boundary.

All bearings are true bearings.

CARL ERICKSON AND ASSOCIATES

MAPS m~~•

daps, embodying as many features as possible of the section of

the country in which the Concession is located, are of first importance in

planning for and later in carrying out a program of exploration.

The presently available Federal and Provincial nap public-

ations are as follows:-

(1) Dominion of Canada Geological Map, 1945, Publication No, 820: - Scale 1 inch to 60 miles.

(2) Dominion of Canada Geological Map. Third Edition 1924. Publication No. :1277 Scale 1 inch to 100 miles.

(3) Dominion of Canada Mineral Map, 1929 - Revised 1933. Publication No, 702. Scale 1 inch to 100 miles.

(4) Province of Quebec Geological Map 1929. New Quebec Territory (formerly District of Ungava) Publication No. - Scale 2, iinch to 35 miles.

(5) Province of Quebec Geological Map (Reproduced' from Dominion of Canada Geological rap, Third Edition 1924). Publication No. - Scale 1 inch to 100 miles.

(6) Province of Quebec Mineral Map. Publication No. - Scale 1 inch to 10G miles.

(7) Momin.ion of Canada - Department of Mines and Resources, Fort McKenzie Sheet 24 S.W. Scale - 1 inch to 8 miles.

Gerierallx, these maps set out the geographical poation of

the Concession, the broad geological features of the Labrador Trough within

which the Concession lies, the approximate locations of the known minerals and

the relation, in plan, of the Quebec Labrador Concession with other concessions

to the North, L'onimore Iron Mines Limited and to the South, in order, Fort

Chimp Mines Limited., Norancon Explorations Limited, Hollinger North Shore

Exploration Company Limited and Labrador Mining and Exploration Company Limited,

The McKenzie Sheet 24 S.W., a fairly large scale (1" 8

miles) rap provides a good close-up of the whole area under review, the.position

of the Concession and that of the lakes and rives within and immediately outside


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ite boundaries.

Mape. Noea 2, 3, 5 end . 6 are included only in the original

oopy of tb..o raparto iùplicatsa . are not readily available, some of the now

out of print*


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OL VATS

Summer

The change frau wimter to summer is almost simultaneous and

occurs as a rule during the first two weeks of Xano, when the scow disappears

and the ice begins to leave the lakes. except the largest where it often remains

until July* The summer season maybe considered as from Juno 25th to September

30th Temperatures are moderato winds and rains frequent. Flies and mosquitos

quits bad.

Winter

Snow falls and ice begins to form on the small lakes about

the middle of Se Umber. From early in October the snow remains permanetly

and all the smaller lakes ara solidly frozen. Weather stormy but not

excessively cold.

A summer working party could expect to land on Lac le Myna

at Fort maenzie about June 15th and leave not later than September 30th.

In 1947 aircraft landings at this point were possible after June 18th.

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GENERAL OBSERVATIONS

Observations made during flight from Amos, Quebec, to Part

Chime, iingava Bay,New Quebec, via Fort McKenzie and the Quebec-Labrador

Development Company es Concession.

September 28th to October 3rd' 1947

On Saturday September 27th a favourable- weather report and

forecast by telephone was obtained from the Meteorological Department at Ottawa.

Instructions were then given to Gold Belt Air Service to be prepared to take-off

on this pre-arranged flight at dawn on Sunday =mine September 28th.

S~em1er 28th, 1947

The party consisted of a Pilot and & ahanie, Carl Erickson,

Allan Murray and B, J. Dionne. Gold Belt's Norseman V, with full gasoline

tanks, packsacka, camp supplies and equipment and two large drums of gasoline

for emergency, left Amos at .6626 A.. M.

The first leg of t... journey was directed over Wakonichi Lake

with the intention of landing at the Moranc= camp and taking on another

geologist. However because of the sise of the lake and the meagre knowledge of

the camp location this task was not completed. The plane proceeded to Lake

Onistagan®

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The area, traversed between Lakes Wekcnichi and Oniatagan fs

very rough and rugged. Indications of slight anYw flurries were evidenced from '~

remaining small patches. The topography ie,interrupted. by North•South striking

long, deep, canyon-like depressions, some of them having nearly continuous

cascade water falls. We landed at the Mount Laurier Airway's base on Onistegan,

340 miles from Amos, flying time 2 hours and 50 min;rtes. le ; .net and had lunch

with the caretaker and made inquiries about ,feel and weather. Gasoline is

delivered to this point via the Peribonka River by boat from Passe Thwgereueo.


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Lake Onistaean, slightly off our direct course is located 175

miles north of Roberval on Lake , tt. John, hoeseer landing at this point was

necessary in order to obtain a weather report for the general area we were

about to enter, permission to take gasoline from Mount Laurier's Onistagan and

other supply bases, information regarding other caches where gasoline would be

available, landing advise at Fort ',Kenzie and Port Chime and tide conditions

at the latter. Radio comm}vnication with fount Laurier Airway's officials from

the Lake Onistagan base of that company and answers to all our questions were

furnished. Very valuable directions were gained regarding flying and landing

conditions at the various points and were appreciated by the Pilot particularly

in contending with wind and tide at Pert Chino.

Also, notification of our flight was passed along to the

various :ladle stations on the route, well ahead of our arrival at `each place.

We were-advised that while we could refuel at Meant Laurier Airways ides at

Onistagan and ert Ch.3 o, we mast not take gasoline from their caches at

Hiohicun or Pert McKenzie.

At Lake Onistagan we learned that preparations for the remov-

al of the crews from the Norancan operations were under way. While in some

quarters doubt of the wisdom of such a flight as ours at this tine of year was

expressed,, oar information and weather forecasts indicated otherwise. Tbe suh-

.sect drew no comment at Onistagan nor at Roberval* The information upon. which

the trip was based, successively was confirmed as the flight proceeded.

The plane was refueled and took off from Lake Onistagan at

10 .A. M. on a course set for the remote Hudson's Bay Post,. located at the north

end of Lake Nichicun.. While we could not refuel, our purpose in passing this

point tied in with our arrangements to have the plane reported by the Department

of Transport radio station maintained at the Post. A strong:tail wind and clear

ceiling prevailed. Our curse followed the very broad Peribonka Valley. Snow


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cap ed mountains were visible 20 miles to the earl at 10..22 A.M. lis and

eskers have a north-south elongated pattern. Some snow recently had falun

and was fairly general. At 10.50 A. M. travelling was slightly bumpy although

no overcast. The weather was beautiful,. the sun shining.

Proceeding on ocurse we now commenced to cross a ridge of

hills having a slightly E. F. strike and which tYere directly across our course.

Additional elevation was needed to cross this range. These hills were snow

capped and the smaller lakes on top were frozen, flying was slightly bumpy. We

were able to locate a gap through unioh to pass the range. This point in our

flight series the north boundary of merchantable timber.

We crossed a fairly large river flowing from N. E. Ide in

lakes appearing more frequeetly.. Snow more widespread over the ridges. Cariboo

noes beccwing more widespread., Crossed another river flowing N. E. We now

pawed very high hills presumably the Otish Mountain Range. As it later

developed this was the only section where winter conditions appeared to have set

in.

Passed directly over a bald top, snow-covered mountain. Snow

had a reflected glare. Very high mountain about 25 miles to the East of our

course (probably part of the main Labrador Cambrian formation). Widespread

large lake appeared directly to the West. boas and ponde nestling in the

mountain range are still open.

At 11.10 A.L.â the 10 mile north-south crossing of the 0tish

Mountain range was completed. In entering the lower country and about 125

miles north of Lake Onistagan we traversed a magnificent trending mosaic pattern

of lakes extending north east and west as far as the eye could see.

This remarkable picture beggars description and must be seen

from the air to believe the magnitude and expanse of it. Considerable caxi.boo

mass was now evident. Small spruce grows around the larger lakes and becomes


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less abundant as farther removed from them. Oar flying elevation, about 3500

feet.

At 11.35 A.M. we circled the Thadson°s Bay Post on Lake Bichl

ic= for identification. The mosaic pattern of north-south elongated lakes with

paralleling eskers of sand and large boulders eantinued. Considerable cariboo

moss and scattered stunted growth spruce was seen. North of the height of land

there is a rapid drop into the lake country occupied by the Nackokan and Nich-

ioun lakes and =numerable smaller lakes. Here are the headwaters of riversflow-

ing into James Bay to the west and the beginning of headwaters of the Ianiapiskau

River flowing into Ungava Bay. Air navigation is extremely difficult due to the

abundance of lakes and their similarity of outline, all being long and narrow

and trending a few degrees east of m.crth. Dry ground is boulder strewn and

appears to be gravel.. There a e many north-trending eskers and few muskegs.

Continuing north to Lake Xaniap:lskau a height of land with no distinguishable

features is crossed.. Lake Xsniepiskau is the headwater of the Saniapiskau

River which flows out of its north end. The presence of the river is evidenced

by rapids at narrow points. Coatzn'uing down stream the Riverrapidly develops

a river valley and from there on air navigation is simplified. 12 Noon. Tte

River first treads north east passing through what is known as the Upper Gorge,

then turns to the north west and eventually widens out and flown north through

more that 50 miles of lake known as Cambrian Lake.

The North end of Cambr'.i,en Lake is marked by Shale Fails below

which the Kaniapiskau River is extremely swift. Shale Palls is readily identif

ied from the air, by the large clean sand bars below the falls. These Falls

have recently been referred to an topographical maps as the Dam. This is

attributed to the ovations of the overflow, as if over a sharply cut escarpment

or artificial dam spillway. Continuing downstream from Cambrian Lake, the river

.makes a wide channel with a very strong current. The river,, as observed in this

section compares in sise, magnitude, etc., with the Ruperts, East Bain and Fort


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George entering James Bay to the went, There 3s good spruce in spots along the

iver. Both banks of the river fora high cliffs. From the northern half of

rCamtrien Lake to Shale Falls and, the junction of the E niapiskau and the.

Swann y--bay Rivers our plane, flying at an elevation of 2000 feet, was on a

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evel with the tops of the surrounding hills. In viewing the river directly

eLow.at these points end observing the height of the hills and the cliffs, the

height in places of the immediate river channel banks, cut in sand and boulder

rlaŸ,, was abrnt 100 feet. Sedimentary reeks rising in height to 2000 feet were

noted, Extensive folding of the various beds of limestone, shale and sandstone

s also observed in a vertical section of the outcrops at these points.

We were now observing the commencement of the character of

he topography to be expected throughout the length of the Quebec-Labrador

velopment Company's concession.

It is from a point just below Shale Falls to the mouth of

wampy-bay River (about 10 miles) that A. P. Low, in an early report to the

median Geological Survey, mentions irai ores consisting of hematite, magnetite

and siderite.

It is at Cambrian Lake that the sedimentary rocks of the late

e Cambrian age are encountered. These, are shown on the geological map of

aw Quebec as extending from the Hamilton River to the southeas.tF to just

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orth. of the Koksoak River to the northwest and as having a length of over 400

miles and a width of, about 50 miles.

It is im these sediments that the concession holdings of

rabx'ador Exploration A l evelopment Company Limited, (Bellinger controlled),

Hollinger North Shore, Norencon, Port Chimp, Quebec Labrador Development

Company Limited and Fenimore Iron Mines Limited are located.

%8 miles below Shale or Dam Falls, the junction of the

ihniapitken and Swampy-bay Rivers is encountered. Six miles up the latter

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river Port LIbEenzie is located and is eituated at the lower extremity of the

narrow Lac le Moyne which forms part of the swampy-bay River chain of lakes

to the southeast. The post consists of a Hudson Bay depot, a Department of

Transport radio station and some 20 Indian tents. High rugged hills eurround

the lake.• The valley is low- rind from one to tws> riles wide. Seaplane leading

conditions are excellent.

A tail wind on the flight frocs Lake Onistagan saved time

and fuel and a landing was - made at Fort McKenzie at 2.00 P. ' `. Here we

reported our flight, checked the weather and made radin contact with Fort

Chirp. lunch at the Department of Transport at 2.30 P. ?". was welcome. After

trenefering the reserve fuel to the plane tanks, the supply was more them

sufficient for the flight to Vort Chino. Radio communication. with the latter

Post provided infornation about the Ir mediate weather conditions regarding tide

and landing instructions.

The Quebec-Labrador Concession's south boundeey is in the

vicinity of Port McKenzie and from general geological observations made at

this time there is every indication that continuity of conditions found - on

the Port Chimp fines Limited concession will continue northward into this

Con cesion. ~

Upon our return landing at Port :s Kenzie we observed an

extensive bed of iron stained formation.. This is located on the ao:th shore of

Lac le ;:soyne about one mile south east of the post. This material seems to be

in a flat lying bed over which a small river makes a very precipitous cascade

directly into the lake. At the immediate shore of the lake the cross-section of

the bed is at least 25-30 feet in.height. It is quite probable that this bed

is related to those observed by A. P. Low, a short distancie below Shale Fells on

the Kauiapiskau River. From this point of observation to that on Lac le Mo'ne

is approximately four miles,


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This , ocoUrrence has a direct and immediate i earing on the con-

ditions to be expected to be found on your concession immediately tu the north.

From ground obeervation.s marie to the north from Fort e n-

sie and presumably on the Quebec-Labrador Concession a sharp series of rugged

cliffs rise immediately to the northwest.

A talk, with the Budson's Bay Factor at Fort "c enzie revealed

that the local post did not carry supplies other than rough goods for Indian

trade and that costs would be extremely high for obtaining supplies brought in

by river freight from Fort Chime, a distance of 150 miles up fast water inter-

rupted by falls and. rapids. One portage around 1Lanitou Gorge is four .miles in

length. Freight by the river route from Fort Chime to Fort cEenzie is carried

in 22 foot canoes of about one ton capacity and paddled up the river by Indians.

A trip of this nature costs 43e0.00 plus rations for the men and the_.r families

for about three weeks.

We tools off from Fort scBenzie at 3.40 Fa l';;. on the last leg

of our journey to Fort Chimes. We followed the course of the K e l apieI nu River

from Fort ucï enzie. In the first 5 miles there are a great member of outcrops

both east and west of the river, very little overburden, prospecting end

should be comparatively simple. Continuing anoLher 5 miles, 1 spruce trees

y be seen although this section has a barren land aspect. The River has a

very strong current. At about 15 miles down river, steep escarpments make up

the river hAnks, eueeroue rock exposures are visible in terraces back of •fie

river as far as the concessions' press r d boundaries. About 20 miles down the

river outcrops were observed on the crest bank. A good camp ground was seen on

the river at this point but this will have to be confirmed by canoe travel. A

fair sized water fall, which we have hamed Wedding Veil Falls enters the

Raniapiskau River from the west. Considerable sprey and mist creates a spect-

acular view. This point is •a marker for a series of 'outcrops existing on the


west river bank and which have the appegranoe of iron formation, pcasibly hematit

Cross-sectional mapping in this vicinity should produce immediate information .for

the probable extension of the beds of iron formation both north and south.

At 4.07 P.M. still following the Baniapiskau River, another

large waterfall was observed. A few minutes later, a second series of large

falls, in which are located flat lyire iron stained beds, were seen. A large

river enters from the east. Another river enters from the west and is very fast.

The ltaniapiskau River is very fast at this point - about 1 mile south of Manitou

Gorge. The section just traversed appears to be excellent prospecting ground.

Following down the river toward the junction of the Larch

. Koksoak Rivers there is evidence of numerous and recent forest fires. We

entered the Koksoak River at 4.20 P. M.

Generally the Kaniapiskau River where it flow throughout

the concession occupies a deep valley which varies in width from three ar four

hundred feet to upwards of a mile in places. There are many sand and gravel

terraces up to 100 feet above the river proper and outside the river channel the

river valley slopes up to an elevation of 1500 to 1800 feet in a distance of 2

to 4 miles before reaching an irregular plateau. The west side of the river is

genierally not so rugged as the east side except at the river valley edge. The

stream of the river is very swift for the moat part and there are ennumerable

rapids. Slower spots are shallow with many boulders, shoals and sand banks.

The river is definitely not good for seaplane landings although more study may

reveal some satisfactory places. As revealed in the geological report on the

area, it was confirmed that the strike of the roan is north west and the dip

rather gentle to the north-east. Folding and faulting has resulted in cliff

faces trending north west and facing south west. The cliff faces give a cross-

section of the rock formations-while the gently dropping slopes to the north

east roughly follow the dips of the beds. The many streams from the plateau

CARL ERICKSON AND ASSOCIATESI.

region Which enter the Kaniapiskau. River are. aztreinely swift on the east aide,.

On the west side the streams generally drop into the river as falls up to two

or three hundred feet in height.. moire the falls they appear to be rather

slaw moving and probably could be used AO cane routes. The' higher plateau

is studded with lakes, many of which- could be .used far sea plane landings.

Subsequent information revealed that the Kaniapi'ekau River is easily navigable

for 42 miles along the path of the river below its junction with the Swampy-bay

River, by means of 22 or 24 foot canoes powered by 12 horse power outboard

motors. Anything. smaller than this cannot buck the strong curreuta- At the 42

miles point there is a 30 foot falls; eight miles further the limestone Falls.

of 60 feet followed by the 9anitou Gorge and rapid for eight miles. ,.The

last five miles. before the junction. oaf ..Larch-liikssak Rivers appear to be

navigable by canoe. Following the junction of the Larch, the Kann.iapiaken -River

is know . as the Kokeoek . and this marks the , approkimate northern b andary

the concession.

The. Air Traverse Is set Out in terns of tie and mileage

from the junction of the Kaniapiskau River at Swampy-bay River to the Koksoak

River as follows:


Dins •tams

3.45 • Jianction, Ean4apiskau anti.: -bay Rivers. Altered course N. Rock exposures, B. side of Kaniapiskau River. Large Lake Wayanikekan probably 10-12 miles N-S, east of rivers junction.

3.47 4 Outcrops, W. aids of Kaniapiskau River. Good camp site, .sand and clay banks, W. Shore. •

3.48 6 ,Bills (rock) E and W of river

5.49 5.50 10 Much rock outcrops E and W Range of Hills B.

Camp 'site, E. bank, Outcrops hematite 171 W. bank. Bills W.

5.52 ' 14 High Falls. Rock outcrops. River rugged for canoe travel. Outcrops E. bank. Wedding 'Veil Falls.

3055 16 Outcrops W. bank.

3.54 18 3.56 22 Hills, (Rock) W. side

Rills, (Rock) E. side Camp site

5058' , 26 • 4.07 44 Bills, (Rock) both E and W banks

Bills, (Rock) both E and W sides

4.06 camp site, sand banks

4.10 50 Falls in Kaniapiskau River Hills, (rock) W bank

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4.11 52 Pair sised river enters from E. side

4.14 Manitou Gorge. Rocks E and W banks.

4.15 00 Bad river, rapids etc. Landing Lake 3 miles B.

4.18 66 Kaniapiskau River swings B. becomes Koksoak River.

The flight proceeded in a northeasterly diaotion down the

Koksoak Rivers. 52 miles to Fort Chine, at which point the Endsonts Bay Company

maintain a trading post and where the river comnences to enter Ungava Bay.

We landed at 4.45 P. M. The landing was Madd at low tide, the mind light and

favoUrable, as it was all day, from the southwest.

Our information, that storms reaching gale proportions at


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this point, riels and .subside quickly, indicated unsafe anchorages in the River..

The Pilot therefore rather than trust to chance, unloaded the par7to the

riverboat sent out faxa. the, Poet, and removed his plane to a small lake three

miles eoutheast. This precaution wee amplified on Tuesday morning, September

Mt$, when because of sind and tide d3urix~,~x~ the ui,ght, can airoraft which bai

been anchored in the river was torn fram its moorings and Later, after the

fog lifted, wee found ta a somewhat damaged conditions near a rooky. island

almet -two miles pp the river. All gasoline drmna, including our own, :stored

on the -loading i,oa3ing raft were swept away.

As c further indication of the aveethem conditions at Fort

Chino at this season, the plane, on charter to the Deps4ent Of Tranapsart

to. freight hcrppiies to Fort ?-1tEenNi.el had teen at Fort Chi= a week because

of nInd: fog, tide-conditions or low ceilings and bad accomplished only uneo.

half of its work.

Upon our arrival at Port Chimo the usual native gathering

was on band, this time it was. matimo rather than xsic?ian as at Fort Naenzie.

Fort Chimo - 12e7wtion 6€3 feet, population 20â,- situated

30 miles up the Eekstask River from Ungava Day, and is on tide eater. `lbe

currents and tides are extremely treacherous. Equinoctial winds are high, fogs

and rains are frequent, raaring it difficult for seaplane operation.. Tie

white population consists of the Hudson's Bay Company ?actor, his family and.

the Anglican missionary. The remainder is &3am0.

Mile in Fort Cbi.mo the party was the guest of the Factor.

Bui:Idin$s consisted of residences, warehouse, *Care, office, post-office,

Anglican Church and the xaini*tier'e residence. some Eskimos live in frame

houses, the majprity In tents.

Monday, Sept omber 29th, was raining and the clouds were down

to four or five hundred feet, no flying. in an unezceessful endeavor to obtain


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a weatiser report and forecast the party was taken iu - the- F3sdson's domeeey:

boat up the river six miles to the aine United States '=rmy •.Lir Foree ?ase.

During the night and early morning of September ZJth, a gels

blew in frem the i#ortks with wet snow in the Nind.. By nine o'el.eelv the fsag

lifted and the wind dropped sufficiently for our take-ttff. The plane . was .flown

free the =uïl lake and -dcepite:high tide and Waves, the Pilet r..aâd;: a nkilf`nl

landing. The plane was refaeied and left the river on the return fZ.ight to

Amos at 12 neon, September 50th.

The weather wuu - not seed e athough raported to be clearing.

Our osouree vas pet to meet the üaniepiskaca River at Wedciing -Tell Palls where.

ne were able to confirm this point as the rac+rksr far the series of outcrops on

the West bank ssf the 4Sasapi.sko.0 River seen on the flight -Nsarth4

The weather had cleared sufficiently to pert flying at a

lover altitude and the pilot took the plans dawn with a view of scouting the

river for a posvible landing on it. It We not long hcuever before the idea

was abandoned because of treacherous air currents in the river vel lgy at the

lower altitudes and the fast water in the river.

Ne then flew over ;.Ace Wapanikskan. This is • a large lake,

la to 12-miles long N-5, lying east of Junction of the. 8aniap3.skau and the Svampyetsay Rivers and a short distance North of Fort µ"abazfos This lake

can be used as a sup'plemetn:=rg base camp and presents aetrategf,c location from

which to acquire infesrnatf et of the continuity ofAhe iron formation located

4111 the Naniapiskau River beltrrri the Shale Fai.l.s and those seen on Lee le e.oyne.

'Wb landed at Fort '..cZenzie at 2-1,*14, bad lunch and fi.00iseoff

at 3.Uo r,. on a course for the Hudson's 2ey post at Lake NiChicun. The "

strong • head wind forced rA lending at 6.00P.: ~~ on a lake about 50 miles North

of . the Poet. Here ve spent the night. Next moaning after an early take-off

ve passed. over the Post at Nichi.cun far identification and landed at Late


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tlniatagaa at I2.00 no€rn®--After-luach ws set out fOr Ghlbotigamatt 'and after 50

miles the weather closed ' in, forcing a return ta, laase Onietegan for the night..

€hr Thursday, October 2nd, at 6a.eEia the last leg of the journey was completed

at Amcle, fine.bec.

4

CARL ERICKSON ANC ASSOCIATES

S,t7,:; s IoaRAPrre

Generally, the area within the Concession nay bp described as

hilly, The hills rising to heights of 1600 feet approach and retreat from the

aaniapiskau River, in places, forming broad valleys and alternately precipitious

cliffs through which the river passes with low and high velocity respectively.

The River banks rise as gradual slopee in the broad valley sections, ina series .

of fairly steep steps in the narrower reaches, or in shear rocky recipiaes to

the general plateau country above.

The plateau, at elevations varying from WO to 2500:act in

height for the most part studded with lakes of various sizes each connected with

a series of streams the outlets of which are 'ributary to the Faniapiski River.

These streams on the west side of the River enter, as a rule, in the form of

fella and on the lust side as cascades* On the plateau, probably they are

navigable by canoe although as they approach the Tentapiskau River they appear

to be very fast,

The Kaniaeiskau River is one of the largest, if not the

largest river in New Quebec. It rises in Lake Kaniapiskau and flows northward

to a junction with the Larch River, near the North bnundnry of the Concession,

where the combined streams flow as the Koksoak River to Ungava Bay.

The .lauiapiekau. River enters at the south.. boundary and flows

through the Concession from end to end, changing its course only here and there

in a series of wide bends whf.ch in places approach but do not extent beyond the

easterly or westerly boundaries, although favouring the east portion of the

Concession.

The River, within the concession, is interrupted by a. series

of rapids and falls. In the main and in descending order these may be named as

Pyrite Chute, where the river falls thirty (50) feet in one half mile (limit of


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PAGE 19

canoe travel without portage) Limestone malls, where the river, divides into

three channels. The middle channel, forming a chute and those on either side

falling vertically for sixty (60) feet. Hanitou Gorge, a narrow channel cut in

limestone and shale with walla from 50 to 300 feet is height, through which the

river flows in heavy rapids for five miles. From this point, the river-is again

navigable without obstruction for a distance of six miles, where it forme a

junction with the Larch River at which point it is a half mile wide, the

current strong, the channel shallow.

The Larch River. is the combined Stillwater and Kanogacnistuk

Rivers and flows from this junction in general east-north-cnat direction for

50 miles at which point it enters the Concession at the least boundary and

continues for about ten miles to a junction with the Kaniapiakau near the north

and east boundaries. In this section the river is very rapid, falling some

forty feet in the distance of eight miles to a rapids just above the junction

with the .Kenippiskau.

The Koksoak River is the. combinied Larch and Keniapiskan

Rivers and flows in a northeasterly direction a distance of approximately ninety

(90) miles to its mouth in Ungava Bay. Fort Chimo is located on the River at

a point thirty (30) miles above the outlet.

In the four miles of its course within the Concession the

river averages about one half mile in width, flowing with a swift currant in a

narrow channel. The banks are low and boulder strewn. The hills in the river

valley form sharp ridges whose axis are nearly at right angles to. the course

of the river.

The lakes within and bordering the Concession occupy a moder-

ate portion of the total area. In size, they vary greatly. The largest of these

is Lake Wapanikskan located at the south and east boundary and extending north.

for a distance of approximately ten miles. There are a number of smaller bodies.:

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of. water on and to the east of the ' Conc8ssxost-tvhile on thé section lyIng rest of

Cie •Kania.piskau lïive.x ths~es are smaller and less numerous*


t"ii7ii:,OCsSC

Our route of travel, by air, paralleled the course taken by

A. P. Law for the Canadian Geological Survey, in the year 1595, by water from

the headwaters of the Kaniapiskau. River to its junction with the Larch and the

Iirksoak Rivers and thanes down the Koksoak River to Fort Chino.

Low's descriptions of the general geology and his detail of

the "physical characterisitics of the river, its swift water and steep banks, were

readily confirmed from the *Ara."

These conditions, from observation on the ground, are more

particularly described by 'Mr. Low, amd certain excerpts from his report on the

general geology cf the area in which Quebec-Labrador is interested are here

quo ted.

(Low) "The greatest development of this series (Cambrian) is

found along the Koksoak (Xeniapiakau River) and upper E millton Rivers. From the

direction of the strike of the areas, it is highly probable that they are port-

ions of a single great belt that extends from the neighborhood of Latitude 54

degrees North to beyond the Koksoak River and continues in a North-North-West

direction ..She tOtaI length would in this case be more than 400 miles.

The breadth of this band where examined is about fifty miles. Both the

Koksoak (Kaniapiekau) end the Hamilton Rivers, the strata are inclined towards

the north east or north-north--east, at angles vying from ten to eighty

degrees. A aber of parallel step-faults, with heavy throws, cause a series

of repetitions of the various members of the formation. On the Koksoak Ri•a,

below the Junction of the Stillwater (Larch) River., the hills on the north side

of the stream show sixteen of these faults in a distance of twenty miles. Above

the Stillwater (Larch), the repetition of measures from this cause are numerous

but their extent and number were met determined. On the upper Hamilton River,


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where the whole series is well developed, the same step-faults were noticed and

are there marked by the sharp ridges so characteristic of the country underlain

by these rocks. The ridges are out off abruptly on their western faces, while

their eastern slopes. agree with the dip of the underlying rocks."

In the course of our reconnaissance, while we did not actually1

fly over the Hollinger North Shore Concession where it touches and includes

part of the Raniapiekau River, near Lower Gorge we were able to see in the

distance to oar right, its rugged topography, which presumably is the continuity

of similar conditions later seen on the Raniapiskau River enlargement known as

Cambrian Laker and on the concessions of Norancon, Port Chime Mines and

aacobec-Labrador. These observations recall to our mind the skyline horizen of

the Miehigan Menominee Iron Range. Similarly a likeness to this iron Range

was seen in the vicinity of Shale °Falls' where intense folding and faulting of

the various sedimentary beds was noted.

Our first ,eetact with the Labrador Trough and its pertinent

geology, like that of A. P. Low, occurred at Cambrian Lake on the Norancon

Concession, southeast of the Lebec-Labrador Concession. To reach the south

boundary of the latter at the confluence of the Raniapiskau and the S y-bay

River, dur:flight traversed the River section of the Port Chime Mines

Concession. It is on this concession, on the south bank of the Kaniapielem

River, 4uat below Shale Falls, and a few miles Belo 'Cambrian Lake, the bedded

iron forms Lions are first seen.

Per the next ten miles, to the mouth of the Swampy-bay River,

exposures of iron-bearing rocks are almost continuous.

It is probable that the bedded iron formations reported be-

tween Shale Palls and the junction of the Kaniapiskau and Swaimpy-bay Rivers

'is part of the bed obserfed on the south shore of Lac le Moyne at Fort McKenzie.

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These ' widespread occurrences probably-may be related- and tao - located ez to form

continuous beds adjacent to and .pars13el dre, the; nauth boundary of the quebvc®

Labrador Concession.

Low's '"Soksaak Elver" includes the Kaniapin

River as. shown on current maps from 1Coniapiskata

Lake te its junction with tke ~~.*v : Rk'~.~ , ant

the Koksoak River from this point t;o fort Chi=

and Ungava Bay.

Loveanstillwater River" includes the Larch River

as shown on c:t►.s- nt maps.

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1SKA RIVER KOKS4nL AREA

"At Cambti-an Lake, about 150 miles above the mouth of the

Koksoak River, the west side of the probable northern extension of the Hamilton

River area is first seen. The first exposure cc ours on the west shore of the

lake, five miles below the mouth of the Death River where the measures farm a

low cliff and dip N. 10 deg, W. L 100, or at a small angle to the direction

of the shore. The section displayed, in descending or natural order, is as

follows: Feet

1. Drecciated, purplish, calcareous sand-rock .......... 100

2. Banded, red and grey sand-rock, consisting of grains of quartz with a celcareous matrice ...a.............. 200

3. Ferruginous red argillite ........0.»..0000.... 10

4, Medium grained, red sand-rock and reg argillite 0000.. -

Tho lowest measures are concealed and broken, but from

appearance there must be at least 300 feet of red calcareous sand-rock, with

partings of red argillite, and some beds of green siliceous argillite holding

a good deal of pyrites in cubes. A bay .' th low shores separates this section

from the next exposure, a mile and a half away, but as the second exposure is

nearly on the strike of the first there can only be a small break in the series.

This eeednd exposure is half a mile long, and gives the foltoming section in

descending orders- Feet

3 Fine-grained red ferruginous chart; containing small blothhes of carbonate of iron ............... 150

2. Light-pink, very compact brecciated limestone, con-taining a considerable quantity of silica 000.0...... 20

3. Light-green, siliceous argillite .0.04.0.... 0......f 30


PAGE Glu

Feet

Blackish graphite shales .a.......w ......... 100

Blue dolomite, somewhat cbrty 10

Pearly, green shales, showing ripple marks and parted by thin beds of dolomite •e.•. 40

Coarse gray sandstone .P.e...ow.-a-.r..ae-•....o...a. a3

8. Greenish-gray, calcareous, shale and dark-green a-gillaceous limestone, with occasional beds of fine-grained, dark-blue, yellow weathering dolomite (6 inches to 15 inches thick) saooe..is.e;.ww.fa.

Total se.•oero.s•.ai.aewme.w.a.. 363

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The shore is now drift-covered for one mils,,. and then farms

a low cliff for two miles, but as the strike of the rocks nearly coincides with

the shoreline, no great thickness of beds is seen. The section probably repeats

the last, with the addition of sons 200 feat of argillaceous limestone and black r

shales on top.

The next outcrop occurs at a high point on the same side of

the lake and five miles northward of the last. Rere the Cambrian strata rest

u.ucanfornabiy on a boss of hornblende-granite, dipping B. 2:70.

The following is a descending section of the beds which

probably are the lowest, of the series:- -

Peet Red sandstone ... . ...4..4m....•.4a.o.e..a....•a.. 4

Red argillite ooa...a. 3

Red sandstone a.a.e...•..$•..w.e.'....Ca....w...wwaO•4. 5

Red argilite .w.swP.wi.oa.....i1..e.w.../fa.Aotlai;aoa• 4

5. Red

a~,

sandstone stone s.ars.amrar.aao.• .~saao•.ee~a...ow• 1Î

6. Red argillite ~O$P•a-f$ae•.~.e..a•r~•ao~. ..eoa....a•..e 6

7. R016 $8IId$tOne e.ee $..a,-so...•.o..$ 3

+8. Red argillit$ w..a♦ala.oawe..ar.r.B.aiO.. a...a 5

1.

2.

3e

4.


?AGE 26

. Feet

.Red sandstone

....ern.... 1wab/'rrA,beerl9 2 AL

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1.0s R.ed eSgill.It@ a+.seo/os.eslaee..l.7a.i/.-/sa..s++.+acct. 26

11. Red sandstone os.s+a01.+40sa+1-1a+s..s0410**so1.

120 Red argillite o+.l+smaoe•.sessasw+rroseeaees.ier.weega 8

13. Red sandstone e.rr50..s...lrse.s's.ess

14. Red argillite 0-04+10..I..+s+w+1+.+404".0+e.+se.../ser./_ .4

15., Cray sandstone eeo.e.+40./ ee.ose....aa'.ws.lasass 3

lfi. Red argillite ew00e6eo.wrw+4pasoraw+o6wooaaoe.owLtoore. 5

17. Red and gray sandstone ....................

18. ~ied argillite o®o.ra..e+owsur4..weu+.~o.rreo._e..a000ww 40

19.~j

Gray Sandstone ....e.9-mita..e.s..r.er.4se.oYel+.wl.vm..oe 2

"20. Red ergill,9:te ~

21. Red SandetoIIe ..14.e 8

22. Red argillite .041e0e.010.4.oeao00++0e0a0.s 6

FN. Red sandstone swift ye..Oeww..eO.Da.++sa++e+.sl..ars..e 8 -

~~~., Red argillite .e.,so.~r..+e'Is.es.sesooe.e'aasev$++.s"sss~."o-r-0 ~~✓

y 25..

Rd

$nUs

y

t

@

oi

j

ie .te.~oaeOsies..~~l'O.s.Qee~lee.eisoe9s~.ee.s'Le~ 0~7

~t{t, r►~g{,( argillite ....+A6 O.1. e4.Ae1..er.e404,6.11F.i44e.16'eee@ 4

27.

E. -Red sandstone .e4as.. •.rs.+os.e ®.../.e.'~ . 2

28. Red argillite ssseaoos-ss.essss++o..+s à

29. Reti. Sffi2detiOII@ es®soee.osaeoes•.aosae*..ssasossssosr-w- 4

30. Rod argillite 4..4r.0.oc..00eere4.64e0 2

.31+ Reed Sand$tOI,e soriaewos..l+e..sw-sY.eG.Orew.e.. 3.

32. Reil. argillite ++s./ssl.s/s+Ssoow+saFs.+Is.

~ Red

33. Red sandstone ....~~ ~ eaas-os:ao.o..mwawa.s+.+...ea 5 o.e

y~/ ii ~ m. ~d agrgill.ite~ w/~wlw..eO~w.~4+t~+.oas..+a..+.+.I./sa.R..e..4/ . 20

36. i$râ•17 and red sandstone ... .. 60


.e 2

.+O 2

15

40


PAGE 27

Feet

36. Red argillite e..s....:.a.as's's.+..a'..a........s'.' 2

37. Coarse, grayish :pink, arkose sardrock .......o... .10

36. Concealed, to- granite .......r . ..

•

60

Total r......e............. 423 •

The Cambrian rocks .are not agein- seen ,on the shores of the

lake, but cap the high hills on bath -sides, Ca the northwest 'side they are

coarse, pinkieh grs.yr sandstone, while on the south-east side red 'sandstone,

rusty-weathering shales and limestones predominate, •

The Laurentian hoxabl.endEpegran3:t5 forms two- -low hills close

to the water, the first being on the east side at the pcint where the lake

changes dire+ction, from north to north-east, the second is on the north side three

miles lower down where the lake again gradually aarrrars and shallows into the

river. For ten miles below the second outcrop of -granite the >river banks are

low and sandyf until a ssusl]. exposure -is reached 43u -tha• -kmath bank,- of fine-grain

eti, dark-green graywa.cke composed chiefly of minute fragments of felspar and

closely resembling a fine-grs±ir,ed -tr~:~p, espec:isà.xy -on weathered. surfaoeso This

rack is very compact, and exceedingly •tough, • On -a •hill -near by ;; •the eerie rock

was found capping a high cliff, with -argillaceroxs -limestane :and ~hlack shales be-

neath. it. Dip S. 80 deg. W. L ,5):3 deg. .

At the Shale -Chate °there •étre -500 -feet -of -dark, greenish-gray

shale, on edge, along with a sew -thin bands -of light -greenish-gray -argiilaceo us

limestone. On the south bank immediately below -this chute, -and -for some distance

further dovet, the rocks outcrop -in -a narrow -band -between the meter and the over-

lying drift, giving a small section of very ,cherty; •ferruginvua -limestone, hold-

ing thin bands of buff-weathering pfkish -siderfte. .These •r,ecks -are overlain

by twenty feet of dark-blue, cherty limestone; containing-nests of csiderite.. -

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PAGE 28

Two mines .below Shale. CitGD -there •ice a large exposure of

bedded iron ore (a mixture of magnetite and har.,atite . about• twenty--five feet

thick, small spots amd masses scattered, through it. The magnetic ores are inter-

stratified with thin bands of red jasper . varying in colour from crimson to ver-

milion; these bands are of unequal thickness, and sometimes they are broken into

lenticular masses.. The thickest is. about three inches., but they are usually less

than one inch. thr°oe,gh. The next exposure is on the west bank, .three miles and a

half, farther dorme stream than the last, where a dark-greys oompact chart- holds

angular fragments of aherty limestone and siderite, both weathering yellow, and

all cut by many small quart veins. On the same br nk half a mile linter dorn

stream, fifty feet of red eilicscus shale and jasper are overlain by 200 feet of

jaspery magnetite; the shale holds any small red garnets, while the jasper bands

are always -less than six inches thick. Ïn the next half-mile 4O0 feet of red

jasper and magnetite are overlain by fifty feet of dark-gray, chesty rock conta

ing masses of carbonate of iron. The jasper bard a very from half an inch to

eight inches in thickness; the magnetites are mostly impure and shaiy.

On the north shore, opposite the mouth of Swampy-bay River,

l00 feet of.dark-grays argillaceous limestone ,are overlain by 400-feet of dark

shales, both nearly on edge. Strike 11. 15 deg. V.

At a heavy rapid, two miles above the Swampy-bay River, there

is a large exposure of•jasper banded with brownish-gray spathie,ore. 'The jasper

is olive-green in colour, and often has angular fragments of red jasper eeattered

.through .it, from the fracturing of thin bands and the filling of the cracks with

the green variety. This rock would take a high polish and make a beautiful

ornamental stone.


Amile below Swampy-érag River, there is =entire hill of

dark-blûe¢ oh.erty, ferruginous limestone holding 3.axge patches of sider9. ;a

throughout. Along with the limestone are a few bands of hn.$per. These rocks

are continuously exposed for a mile along the river, then follow two miles of

drift-formed banks with rustx-weath;eriz~,, black shales and argillaceous

stone's' in a greatly dialtrubed sond:ition.

The river-valley for the next thirteen miles is wid!:er, end

only oaea.sional exposures of shale and .li :aatona rise from beneath the . drift.

Along this distance* dflwnsnstream, the limestones gradually :take the place of the

shale's.. and at the lower end, of the stretch only thin beds of greenish-gray

shale are :seen at tha base of the overlying m.agnesiaaa limestone. For the next

fcâ..à.otving twelve mi.les, to the Pyrites ^h.tte, almost e6za$tastt exposures of limef,

stone occur along the river-banks. This limestone is almost identical with that

found at Lake Niratassini and along the east coast of Etdspn 20. It is ,generally

light-blue in colour, very silliceous, breaking into sharp, angular f

antis, is

exceedingly fine in texture where free from, grains of - quart, which era found in

some of the beds. The rock has teen much distrubed, being thrown into

folds: and faulted into a series of sharp* parallel ridges of hills. The faulting

and shattering bas broken many of the beds of limestone into angular 'fragments

which have been cemented again with calcareous matter into a sort of breccia.

The whole* p after being re-cemented* muSt again bave been fractured, :.where. the

last eracka were filled with quertz-vains, that now penetrate the maze of rock

in all directions.

At the Pyrites Chute the black shales are again met - with; at

the head of the chats they include a few beds of fine-grained, black limestones

The bedding is greatly contorted into small domes,* that dip steeply in. all

directions. About halfway down the chute the beds are more regular, and dip

away from domes of light-weathering limestone oa which they rest. The transition

from limestone of black shale is made in about fifteen feet, through a little-


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PAGE 30

gray, argillacgous limestene, that gradually changes to light, pearly shale, and

this-again to the dark variety. The black shales and litaoôronss are all highly

ahsrged with pyrites, usually occurring as separate cubes, but 'sometimes ih'ler

masses.

Below the chute' on the east side of the river, the low hills

hava rùety cliffs, and are probably formed of shale.

The light-blue magnesian limestones ara again seen on the

islands` above the Limestone Fall all, where they are less disturbed,. At the fall the

river descends sixty feet over ledges of limestone. The rack is of a light-blue

eoloùr, somewhat siliceous, . and brecciated by numerous snail veins of quartz that

cut it in all directions. A few thin beds of pearly-gray, calcareoue shale are

interbedded with the limestone. Dip N. 75 deg. Na 1.40 deg.

NO rock is seen in the valley from this fall to the head' of

the Manitou Gorge, four miles farther down-stream, where the river has cut a

long, narrow chRunel out of the shales and limestones. At the head of the gorge,

large exposures of black shalea are found, with, a very regular dip N. 75 deg. N.

4:50 deg. They continae down the east side of the gorge, and were examined for

over a miles Where their edges have been polished in the channel,- their colour

is green. Pyrites in cubes is scattered in considerable quantities through the•-

shales. A number of to beds of light-gray pearly shale are enclosed among

the black beds. . Numerous small veina or quartz penetrate the shales; they are

usually barren.,, but sometimes carry pyrites, and in one place a small quantity

of galena ems observed.

At the lower end of the portage, on the east bank, the shales

overlie limsstoae; as the junction is approached, the shales change from black

to pearly-gray, becoming somewhat s liceo a and having interbedded thin bands

of limestone which gradually become =JO numerous and thicker until they

finally altogether displace the shales. The bands enclosed in the shales ate


very siliceous, and sane of them pass into quartzite. Some of these geartzite

bands are chites others yellowish, and others again have a purple colour. The

limestones extend half .a aile below the foot of the gorge,• the beds gradually

bacon, eg flatter.

Four miles below the gorge, or a mile above the iziouth of

Stillwater River, there is on the east bank a large exposure of light-blue, fine-

grained, siliceous lime:atone. lip N. 70 deg. 3. to deg. Below this river

the valley widens out, and the river- bax ke are law and sandy, only two rock

erriosures being seen in seventeen miles. These exposures are respectively three

and a half and eight miles below the Stillwater. They consist of well-rounded

bosses rising :a .eve the drift. The rock at both places io»nearly identical, and

is a 'm edîum-grained, light-green, much al tiered diorite holding much whitish

plagioclase, with specks of pyrite. The diorites are directly on the strike of

the capping rock of the sharp hills that bound the valley on the north side,

The hills run in sham ridges parallel to the strike of the rocks, and have per-

pendicular faces towards the west, while the slope on the opposite side is suite

gentle (10 deg, - 20 dog.). The cliff-faces of the ridges are all very similar

in appearance.;. a thick cap of compact rock, perhaps bedded diorite generally over

hanging the rocks below, which are rusty- wegthowing, black shales from ZOO feet

to 400 feet thick, with limestone forming a steep slope at the bottom. The two

upper members of the aeries are seen in every cliff, the lower one being sometimes

concealed, either by being covered with debris, or owing to the lower part of

the bill not rising above the suet slope of the adjoining ridge. The ridges

are from a quarter of a mile to two miles apart, and sixteen of them were counted

in a distance of twenty miles down the stream. :fast of the cliff-faces of

the ridges practically repeats in a more or less complete form, the section

given in the others. its in itself, appears to be sufficient reason to assume

that the beds are again repeated by faults, otherwise the total thickness of


the' recke uould be - enormous, and the uniformity of repetition of Imm.bere w11011y

improbable*

.Twenty iles beiom the ~.outh of the Stillwater p the .laurentis. I;

gzeisses azain rise .P'rQxc beneath the Cambrian anï. the latter rocks are confined

to the summits - of ' the kill ss frazi which they gradually disappear as the river le.-

further descended*"

P. Lows Report 1895d

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ECONOMIC àeINx~f'~â,5 ....~..a - ...e.,...,..

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Iron .. The immense deposits of magnetite, hematite, and side

its in the Cambrian formation, wad their wide-spread distribution, may at some

furture date be of economic importance, especially those containing a large per-

centage of manganese which fits them for use in the manufacture of steel by the

Bessmer process. Tbe mode of occurrence of these ores appears to be closely

analogous to that of the iron ores of Michigan and Wisconsin.

The ores are always associated with a cherty limestone, and

this cherty carbonate of lime is very wide-spread, being met with on the east

coast of Hudson's Bay, at Lake Miatassini, and along the Koksoak and Hamilton

Rivers. The associated iron carbonates are more limited in their distribution,

being confined to portions of the country adjacent to Koksoak and Femi.lton Rivers

and to the northern part of the Hudson Bay area.

CO R. Van Rise, holds that the similar ores of Michigan and

Wisconsin were originally deposited as carbonates along with lime and silica,

and that the richer ores of magnetite and hematite are concentrations of the

iron se deposited, carried by leaching wares holding silica to the lowest beds,

where they were re-deposited in a concetrated form, in trougba formed by the

tilted lower fragmental beds of the series on the one side, and trap dykes on

the other.

From the limited study of the Labrador areas, it is impossibl

to say whether this is the general case there, but on the Hamilton River, several

of the large deposits of magnetite were close to, and apparently influenced by

larges dykes of diabase. Only in place were the richer ores found undisturbed

at the entrance of Menihek Lake, and here they rested upon a flat-bedded imper-

vious trap-rook. Along the Koksoak River, large dykes are not seen, and the

rich ares are found always beneath and associated with the cherty carbonate ores,

but in some places they did not appear to lie beneath these,, but were rather

interbedded with them.



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The bedded iron ores are first met with in descending the

Koksoak River, on the south bank, just below the Shale Chute, or a few miles b

low Cambrian Lake, where a thin section of jaspery magnetite is overlain by turent

feet of eherty limestone containing large blotches of carbonate of iron. The

following analyses of the ores were made in the laboratory of the survey by z.s.

Fe G.

The jaspery magnetite ore:

Per cent.

(1) Metallic Iron 51.28

Insoluble' matter 55.71 Titanic acid ... none

The carbonate ore of the upper beds is described as a mixture

of ankerite and magnetite.

(2) Metallic irai ...a. Insoluble matter ..o Titanic acid

85.62 4.99 none

For the next tan miles, to the mouth Of the Swampy-bay River,

exposures of iron-bearing rocks are almost continuous, and the amount of ore in

siht must be reckoned by hundreds of millions of tons. The ore is not every-

where high-grade, and probably a large proportion of it would be unprofitable to

work, but there is certainly au almost inexhaustible supply rf high-grade ore.

It may here be mentioned that specimens were not procured frum the thickest

and richest beds, owing to the impossibility of breaking up the rounded and

glaciated surfaces with the .small hammers. Two miles below the last-mentioned,

exposure, the rocks were fend to consist of a twenty-five foot bed of :aspery

ore. composed largely, of magnetite with a . eersll admixture of hematite, under-

lain by ten feet of siiiceou.e, ferruginous limestone, holding spathic 'ore in

bands and nodular masses up to several bunAred pounds In weight* A great part

CARL ERICK$ N AND ASSOCIATES

PAG' 35

of the m.e8net:ite is nearly pure and contains little jasper. The beds are ex-

posed along the right bank of the river for more than a quarter of a mil a.

The rszee;a. were a~,Yai.ïa esamined three miles and half farther

damn-s trean, where anly - ths enerty oa,cbo-n.ates were found; but half a mile below,

the river passes e..luse to a high 10,11 on the west side where fifty feet of red

garn.etifercrus, sil3reramg, ferruginous shale and jasper are overlain by 200 feet

of jaspery ore, composed chiefly of magnetite and coloured by am admixture of

hematite. Ati. anly9is of the ore in the garnetiferous rocks gave:-

Per cent.

(3) Foti3lic iron •...a g .....• 19_14 ♦. 'r r.... . 72.86

Titanic acid. .aa...a...e.e......a None

And another analysis of the ore from the beds above gave:-

(4) Metallic fret ...a....ivm....a... 48.,$9 insoluble matter .... a.. s_......... 30.62 Titanic acid ...s.a.oa.e..•.....o None

On the same side, half a mile- below, the section exposed on

the hillside shows 400 feet of jaspery magnetite and hematite, overlain by fifty

feet of chesty carbonate ore. A specimen of the jaspery ore containing a large

-percentage of hematite gave: Per cent.

(5) Metallic iron ..............o.... 54.35 Insoluble wetter .e ............e 16.05 Titanic acid ...... s, None

The bedded iron ores *outcrop along tb river for about three

miles farther down-stream to near the mouth of the Swampy-bay River, and then

the main stream turns eastward and passes between banks of shale and siliceous

limestone, so that the iron-bearing membere are not again seen along Its banks.

a A. P. 7Low, Report 1895.

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TRANSPORTATION

Transportation, in this instance by air and water and iu

portantly the formaer, is the very foundation uppn which en exploration campaign

of this nature must be based. Careful timing and accuarate planning of airline

haulage trips is vital. Internal distribution of men and supplies by air must

receive the same careful study e.

If full value is to be gained from every one of the mere 100

days comprising the normal working season, it must be recognized that time lost

in movement of men and supplies is not again renovered end each gain or loco

may moan the difference between a successful season or the •reveres -of it.

Practical access to the ,Coneeusion at -the present stage of

the development of this seetion of the country, Is Of course from the air.

Shipments of mea and supplies to Fain Base camps at Fort nhimo, the nearest point

to the north boundary and at Fart McKenzie adjacent to :the -south; boundary, may

be succeasfally accomplished Pram outside pointa by the larges types of sea".

planes flying from either Seven Islands, osa the St.. Ie,rence River or Roberval,

on Lake St. John.

Ibvoment of men and supplies from fain Base. camps to second.-

cry or outlying working camps • within the Concession. 'r be made by aircraft of

smaller type, using the lakes on the plattau as landing areas. From closer

oeservation and actual experience with the Kaniapiskau River,. aircraft landings

on selected sections of the river itself may be found to be practical.. Nowevor

for the purpose of this study this phase of the subject of transportation will

not be developed here.

Port Chimp, because it has bean given a secondary position

this report, as a ?aim Base Camp is not now being considered as .a main air base

for the season of 1948. However, as time goes on and future explore -. ion

campaigns expose the commercial worth of the Concession, Fort Chime may readily


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assume practical importance as sache The Koksoak River at this point provides

a seaplane landing place and while sting laindo and gales of storm proportions

are prevalent and tides make landings, mooritag3 and take-offs difficult aid

uncertain, safe aircraft operations are possible if attended with Proper timing

and care.

Fort McKenzie, situated at the North end of Lac le Moyne, has

been, for the purposes of this Report, adopted as the Main Base Camp and must

also be considered to be the Main Base for .air and other transportation.

Lac le Moyne is a long narrow stretch of water approximately

twelve idles long and three-quarters of a mile suede through which the Swampy-bay

River follows on its course to a junction with the reniapiakan River at the

South boundary of the Concession.

Aircraft landings and take-offs with Rill loads, by such type

of seaplanes as Canso and Norseman, Belancos, Fox Maths and the like may be made

with safety. Loading, unloading and anchorage facilities are ideal. Similar

conditions prevail in Winter for ski-equipped aircraft.

The flow of the Swampy-bay River through Lac 1e Nbyne and.

of which it forms a part, induces an early break-up period td likewise delays the

freeze-up period in as far as aircraft transportation is concerned. 3:ane 15th

ray be estimated as the earliest date for safe landings and. September 3Oth as

the latest date for last of season take-offs. These estimated dates have been

developed in conversation with the Hùdscn's Bay Factor at Fort Ma :Kenzie and

while they may vary slightly either way from Year to year, they should be Used

in the preparation of exploration program plans.

Aircraft transportation may be divided into two parts..

(1) - Airline haulage of initial and subsequent exploration

outfits, men and supplies, from Railhead to the Vain Base Camp at. Fort McKenzie

and the removal of these outfits to civilization at seasonls end.


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(2) - Transportatian of men and et3,ppZies, by aircraft from t

Main. Balm Camp, to and from the Secondary or outpost canes, and the servicing

and moving-these CraMpss, observation for prospecting by air reconnaissance and

all other flying within. the Concession.

ta part (1) of the above, investigation has Indicated that

these initial and end flights r:an be Made by either of them or a combination

of both available commercial flying Seavices. (A) The Nount-lnY.a.rier aviation.

Company Limited, Saint Jean de Brebt-aa.u, Roberval Company, Pm CI. flying Canso

and Norseman seaplanes from their basa at Roberval and or (B) The Northern

,Wiugs3 Limited, Seven Islands, P. Q. flying Norgeman eecapl.anes t5rors their base

at Seven Islands.

The available payload of the Canso a uld be approximately

5000 pounds and the flight distance from Roberval to Fort McKenzie about 750

miles.. The available payload of this. Company's Norseman based at the same pdint

is approximately 1200 *Rinds.

The available payload of the Northern Wings Limited Norseman

would be approximately 1200 pounds and the-flight distance freed :Seven Islands

to Fort McKenzie would .approximate 550 miles.

(1) For airline haulage between Railhead to Fort McKenzie,

the choice between the Canao and Norseman planee quite definitely favors the

Canso, although. the Norseman type of plane ie and would be suitable if for any.

reason the Canso . was not available. The Norseman, flying from either Seven

Islands or Roberval probably would prove to be the more expensive because of the

great difference in paylead capacity between it and the Canso.

(2) Transportation of-men and supplies from the Main -Base

Camp tie and from. the outlying camps, ,servicing and moving them and all other

flying within the Concession can be taken care of by seaplanes aunh as Norseman,

Be7,.ando,, Fox Moth and the like.

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In an exploration campaign of this nature, in such inaocees-

ibis territory, . time lost on account of lack of transportation at the moment of

need is seldom recovered. The ideal and at the same time moat economical plan

should place a CoMpeny plane, of one of. the above types, preferably a Belenca

or Pox Moth equipped with floats, at the continuous disposal of the expedition.

This suggestion stems from the knowledge of the limited working time space avail-

able in any one working season, during which advat€ge of convenient and rapid

regular or emergency movement of men and suppliee, may be taken. Economically,

such a provision, when spread over a period of time and from one working season

to another, would appear to be highly advisable if not absolutely necessary,

rather than the adoption of the more expensive and much less convenaient plan of

chartering such plane service.

In the natter of flying costs and charges, we have been in

direct communication with 3. H. lgnburuer of the Mount-Laurier Aviation Company

=dal. 11. Samson of Northern âlingc Limited*

Lynburner of Mount-Laurier advisee that his company

expects to have their Canso working from the Roberval base during the 1948

summer season and will be pleased to carry out your transportation work to the

Port IleXanzie area but cannot at this time fix a definite rate charge for such

work; he expects to be able to do so however after the freeze-up and trill be able

to discuss the matter then. It is presumed the sane situation obtains is regard

to their Norserana

gr.- Samson of Northern Wings, (using Norseman) on the other

hand, advises that his Company is greatly interested in this work and sets out

air charges as (A) Perry charge from Seven Islands to Fort Inc enzie with load g

of 1200 pounds and return to Seven Islands is 01100.00 (B) The operation Of

the aircraft in the Port Maanzie and Port Chino area would be charged at the

rate of 0155.00 per flying hour including flying expenses for gasoline and oil.

Mr, James B4 Stevenson of Amos, P. 4., has quoted a flat rate

of fifty (50) dollars per day to furnish a Moth or Cessna aircraft and pilot

for the season. Gasoline and oil consumed would be an extra charge.

These quotations are qualified and mast be taken only as

tentative. They may however be of same value for estimating purposes. The

plan of operation and the extent of the exploration program will have a direct

relation with any ultimate flying charges arrangement and when known such plans

may be discussed with the commercial air service people in an endeevcr to arrive

at the most practical.and economical solution to this phase of the exploratior

problem.

Water Transportation

Transit to and from certain areas of the Concession not read-

ily approachable by Aircraft end particularly those sections adjacent to and or

at the river level may be accomplished by river canoe. Pram conversation with

tMr. Wright, the Factor at Pot Chimp and who was prevv ioual y stet toned at Pert

McKenzie, we learned that he has made several canoe trips down the Swampy-bay

and Kaniapiekau Rivers and that this waterway route is navigable for the larger

canoes for an approximate distance of 42 miles). Water travel at the end of this.

navigable stretch is halted by a presently unnamed water fall shown on the

McKenzie Map Sheet as having a fall of thirty feet and located about seven miles_

south of limestone Falls where a drop ofs ixty . feet occurs in the River.

This river route can beet be negotiated by freight canoes,

twenty-two (22) to twenty-four (24) feet long, equipped with 10 to 12 N. P.

gasoline outboard motors and manned by Indian rivermen. .ay lighter equipment

cannot successfully negotiate the strong currents in the fast waters sections

of the River.

Distribution of men and supplies from the Main Base Camp to

the outlying camps, the mewing of these camps'and the work of the men employed.


,1

La mapping, examining, prospecting etc., in these immediate river areas can be

more quickly and easily accomplished by this indispensable form of transportation

On tie section of the Kaniapiakan River below the limit of

the forty mile section, to Its junction with the Larch and Koksoak Rivers, where

continuous navigation is interrupted by falls and rapids, the river may be

negotiated by canoe on open sections and by portages at falls .and rapids.

The Larch River, where it flows for some 13 miles within the

northerly boundaries of the Concession to a junction with the Kaniapiskau and

Kôksoak Rivers, is navigable by canoe with the possible exception of rapids

sections around which portages may be necessary.

The Knkaoak River, where it flows for some five miles within

the Northerly boundaries of the Concession from its source at the Junction of

the Ka_niapiskau and the Larch Rivers, is navigable by canoe.

As a means of transportation for the convenience of the

parties examining, mapping and prospecting the territory on the plateau sections

of the Concession, square stern seventeen (17) foot canoes powered by a two and

one-half (2k) LP. Johnston outboard motor and flown to the various plateau

lakes are suggested. With such equipment a party may follow a lake and river

route from end to end before being transferred by air to the next series.

TRANSPORTATION - of end product

In a project of this nature in which exploration and proof of

raw material supply is bound to preceed rail and or waterborne or a combination

of both transportation facilities, this phase of the undertaking neverthless

is of great importance and must be treated and discussed as a part of any plan

of procoedure.

Because Irrut Ore, is at pressent, the raw :material mainly in


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view, provision for delivery of it from origin to destination, either in its raw

form or in a more highly refined state, rest be considered.

T ere are two main tidewater outlets for the ores to be dev-

eloped in your Concession: (agi at Seven Islands on the St. Lawrence and (b) at

Fort China on the i okknk River, Ungava Bay.

ln (a) the Labrador Mining and Exploration Company and the

Hollinger North Shore Exploration Company are presently projecting a Railroad

from their large Concessions is Labrador and New Quebec to Seven Islands, a

distance of approgfrmetely 360 miles, for the same purpose of transporting their

Iron ore product to seaboard for distribution to destinations by water. The

Hollinger Interests hold the exclusive charter rights for a railroad in this

general area, to a termine at Ungava Bay.

la (b) therefore transportation of the end products from

your concession to seaboard necessarily would have to be by arrangement with the.

Ballinger Interestse

taterborne cargo carriers probably can safely navigate this

Northern route in the four months of June, Only,, August and September in each

year. In point of time, this navaigatIon season may be found to extend beyond

this period.

The railways in the Labrador Trough area will in all probab-

ility take advantage of the fabulous water supply available for development

of Bydro electric energy for electrification and the elimination of steam for

haulage power purposes.

While the magnitude of these projects may at first view appe

startling, and out of proportion with the development of the area at this time, i

must be borne Lamina that movements of each scope and visita are but the

beeeni' ge of similar such programs of the past which now appears as every day

happenings to those of us who followed the pioneering and are only now able to'


take advantage of thelm im their•final state as indispensable-megtents of the

eoonomY of the country am a Inholee


Pang BASE CAMP

From a study of our observations and of the data collected,

Fort Veranzie, located at the north end of Lac le Moyne is the logical and

practical point at which to establish a main base camp for the ivaradiate explor-

ation of the concession. Its advantages briefly may be point up ass

(a) It has been the location of a Th dson's Bay Post for many years.

(b) Radio contact with the outside

(c) The Dominion Government Department of Transportation'saintains a Radio

Station at the Post. ,This station is the inlet and outlet of weather news

and reports between Bort Chimp and the interior points of Chibougamau ,

Mistassini and Roberval and as far west as Badson"s Bay.

(d) Labour, such as guides, river boatmen and each may be recruited from the

Indian population at this point.

(e) Landing facilities on lac le Moyne are excellent for ..aeapianes of tb!. Canso

and Norseman types and for smaller aircraft equipped with floats in summer

and skiii in winter. The lake is long and narrow and as it forms part of

the Swampy-bay River it is ice-free earlier and ice-bound later in the

seasons, than are the larger lakes.

(f) From a base at this point, the S py bay River and Kaniapiakau River,.tra-

versiag the long dimension of the concession, are navigable by canoe and

outboard motor, for a distance of fortytwo miles without a portage.

(g) Advantage may be taken of the casual landings of aircraft on other missions

far mail contact with the outside.

(hl Far the summer working season, the camp could be established under canvas.

Seeandary Campe

The extent 4o which outlying camps may be established will of

course depend upon the plan of exploration. However it is fairly certain that


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circumstances will warrant using soma points on Lake Wapanikskan for this purpose

This largo lake forme part of the east boundary at the South end of the Concessio

and Is adjacent to ground on which considerable detailed mapping and other forms

of exploration appears necessary. It is accessible from the air.

For that part of the Concession east of the Kaniapiskau River

and beyond the economical reach of the Wapanikskan Lake camps further outlying

camps. maybe established on plateau. lakes and on the river beaches.

This observation applies also to the portion of the Concessio

lying to the crest of the uni apiskau River.

These outpost camp sites will be shown mum eyed, on a map and

so referred to in the section of this study dealing with exploration.

From a study of the conditions at Fort Chino, this point

seems to be, for Os time being at least, quite unsuitable as a Main Base of

operations. There are many reasons for such a decision moat of which will be

apparent in the section of this report dealing '4th Transportation, However

a few of them may be set down here as:-

(a) The .distance of Fort Chino, fifty-two miles up the Keksoak River from the

north boundary of the Concession.

(b) The Koksoak River at Fort Chiino ïe exposed at certain times to strong winds,

storms and at all times to tide conditions such as tend to make aircraft

operations at this point difficult and uncertain.

(a) The bulk of supplies for the 1948 operating season, necessarily would have

toobe taken in by air. The Hudson's Bay Company water transport does not

arrive at Fort. Chime before the latter part of July.

As a practical secondary :.fair. Base from which to service the

northerly section of the Concession, probably during the latter portion of the

1948 and following exploration campaigns, and dictated by the progress of such

programs, Fort Ciao should and likely will receive due considération.

'AGE 46

Further to this it nttght be poixted out that consideration

now should be given to the desirability C3fg water transportation from railhead

to Port Chino by Hudson Bay carriers particularly of food supplies for storage

at the `Post at that point for distribution wit7tiin the Concession. to sereins a

probable exploration program that may be undertaken during l94 .. This procedure

would only entail an arrangement with the Hudson's Bauer Company and the placing

of an order pith them for the required supplies.

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EXFLORATION

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At this point it sees advisable to draw attention to three

outsteeding facts which to a great extent will guide an expiorati m cempaien

of this nature. The Concession has a surface area of approximately 1000 square

rafles. The sum: per season during which the campaign can operate is roughly

confined to one hundred (l00) days. The concession is remote.

Because of the size and location of the area and the limited

Working time available, the following plan is suggested:

To explore and map only that section of the concession,

approachable by both aircraft, and power canoe without portage, but governed

more parti. ely by the latter and to prospect the more interesting occurrences

already met with a view to determining locations for diamond drilling.

This plan of operations also must be so co-ordinated that the

work in the field will not be sacrificed for office work which can be done on

the outside, during the winter months. Thus the maxim= effort in the field is

maintained during the maximum time period available to the working party.

The Fort McKenzie dap Sheet Z1 S.W., Scale 1 inch equals

8 miles, has been adopted for basic control and ,projection of the proposed

exploration program.

The main Base Camp has been located at Fort McKenzie and on

the map is marked by double circles in back.

The various outlying or sub-camps from which working parties

will operate aire marked by single circles in black and numbered frais ' to 16.

General Plan

Technical and other personnel, supplies and equipment should

be assembled at Roberval or Seven Islands and flown to Fort McKenzie, at which

point a Base Camp should be established under canvas.


PAGFZ 48

The engineer in charge of the project should hold a prelimin-

ary meeting and set out precise instructions covering the purpose ôY the endeavor

the considered plan of operations, the division of the party into two working

units, the objectives of these units and theiriniti.al d.;.stribution to sub-camps,

and all other general instructions noeessary to impove a complete picture of

the undertaking on the minds of the- entire party.

The technical and prospecting personnel of the party, for the

purpose of acquainting themselves with the rocks and ratueral occurrence of the

area,. first should ma_e a general reconnaissance study of several of the

immediately convenient points in the vicinity of the Lao le Moyne, Shale Falls

and the section along the Kaniapiskau River between Shale Falls and the point

it which the Swampy-bay River enters.

From this general examination sufficnet information bearing

on the related iron occurrences should be obtained to provide a guide for

tracing the various sedimentary beds into your Concession at its south boundary.

Following such a first hand preview of the geological ana

physical conditions of this area, the party now should have had an excellent

object lesson from which to take advantage in the actual work at the various

sub-camp areas within the concession.

The personell should now be divy ded into two working parties

and instructed in the detail of the work to be done in order that the effort

of each pasty will synchronise and combine in makâ.ng a comprehensive picture

of the whole.

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Beth exploration parties should be instructed to make detail-

ed notes at each of the various sub-camp areas at which they work. These obser-

vations should include sufficient data and information £rom which to prepare

and compile cross-sections across the strike of the geology which appears to

trend in the direction of the long axis of the conceosion.


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Under this plan, the complete exploration party should coneisâ

of a chief engineer in charge of the whole, a chief geologist, two assistant

geologists, two experienced prospectors, one good utility bushman, two capable

cooks-hendy-men, one cook -. watchman (at Base Camp) and any necessary Indian

hell, as rivermen and such.

Upon. completion of the briefgenerai reconnaissance survey,

the whole party should be divided into two working groups.

The first group, consisting of the ' chief geologist an.d assist-

ant geologist, one prospector, a cook and an Indian should be moved to sub-Base

Camp No. 1 located at the foot of the 'ong West arm of Fake Wapanikeken from

which point observations may be made over a widespread area, with particular

attention given to the probable continuity of the iron formation beds observed

on Lac le Moyne.

The second group, consisting of the Chief Engineer, one assis

ant geologist, one prospector, one cook and two Indians, should make a general

reconnaissance tour of the Raniapiskau River for its navigable distance, or to

a point immediately be low Sub-Base Camp No. 8.

These t m operations, in the first instance, should be

scheduled to occupy a period of approximately ten days. The parties should then

be returned to the MainBase Camp for discussions te7 observations and findings

and to lay out plana for their next moves.

The move to sub.Base Camp No. 2, when it is made, should take

the Chief Geologist and hie party to this point. The object for examination .

is again the probable continuity of the sedimentary beds..

The information assembled at Sub-Bases Nos. l and 2 should

then form the heels of a complete cross-section in the vicinity of the south

boundary of the Concession.

During shis period the Chief Engineer, one assistant geologist

getzmui:vemenersorsdkast•al


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one prospector, a cook and two Indians should make a study of the surrounding

area, from Sub-base No. 4 at Wedding Veil -Palls on the Kaniapiskau River. At

this this-point a sizeable outcrop end an indication of apparent iron -formation was

visible from the air. At this point close attention, particularly to the dips

and strikes and the locations of them should be given.

The data and information collected at these points, Nos. 2

and 4 now should be pooled for correlation.

For all practical purposes, the Point No. 4 should be con-

sidered the limit of this pro-planning and all following movement of the Field

Party or Parties be allowed to take shape and direction from findings thus far

made on the ground,

Examination and discussion of the results of the exploration

effort up to this time and with particular reference and in conjunction with the

mark done from Sub-Base No. 4, may dictate next surveys of areas at Nose 3, 5

and 6 in that order. Data accumulated at these points, together with that

obtained at No. 4 should produce a cross-section of geology of the Concession

at this point.

ti. 2a any case it may now be considered as probable that a plan

would be prepared for a sembly of the Party as a whole, at Sub-Base Camp Po..8

and its distribution in three small units to prospect the areas around Points

Nos. 7, 8 and 9. Aecordiag to the map and our aerial observation the topography

in this vicinity is very rugged and a good cross-section should be obtainable.

At the completion of the work at this poing Mo. 8) the

season may be three-quarters-advanced and five-eighths of the planned work

accomplished while on the other hand the reverse or more favourable situation may

appear.

'As Paint No. 8 marks the natural geogra.phical division of the

concession it is the point and tine at which this plan contemplates retracing


the general area thus Par covered to intensively study and prospect the indicated

favorable areas with the view of preparing the way for diamond drilling during -

the following season.

luring the working season the Chief h gineer•_should rake an

investigation of the mineral (pyrite and galena) occurrence in the vicinity •

of y'anitou Gorge on the Tanfapisknu River and referred to by. 1fr. A. P.:trou in

his report of 1895.

This plan has been adopted .to produce a fairly thorough

physical and : geological examination of approximately one half of _ the more

readily approachable and what appears to be the more interesting. area of the

concession, as opposed to a plan to cover .in a less thorough manner, the whole

concession.

This in effect provides a well ordered information and work

base upon which to prepare . the 1949 season's work in both the north end, south

sections rather than to be forced to depend on less detail than would be the

case if the 1948 survey was extended to include the entire area of the tencession

However it should be borne in mind that an important find

made at any of the points proposed for examination would i;diately alter this

pre-planned program in favor of intensive work by as much of the whole party as

may be found advisable and if such occurrence is found to be of sufficient

importance to warrant diamond drilling, the season of operation may readily be

extended throughout the winter.

With a view to extending the normal working. seasons of the

exploration campaigns of 1949 and those following, it will be quite practical

to take in men and supplies prior to the break-up period.

GR

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REP

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V[b84Gb11A.a71LN

Din Needle

For the .exploration campaign of 1348 thls:#nstrument should

be un essential too/ of each ucari€ing party.

(;R

AN

D &

TOY

LI M

IT

.Magnetometer (ground end airborne)

In the campaigns fvZ.losE ng 1345, consideration aho.tld. be

given to-include ground and/or airborne magneterceter surveys.-

TO

Y LIM

ITE

D

811-P

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AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY

Aerial photography has now reached a practical point and is

particularly adaptable to this project. It furnishes a precise map of en entire,

area in photographic detail and produces immediately an otherwise unavailable

nap of the entire 0oncesaion permitting pin-pointing of the more important

looking sections* The character of the topography as viewed during our prelim-

inary reconnaissance suggests the advantage of stereoscopical study of the

folding and faulting of the :sedimentary beds throughout the Concession. Aerial

photography not only provies a map in the form of anomie but furnishes

individual photographs to provide third dimensional observation of the physical

and geological featwes.

The matter of aerial photography has been discussed with

The Photographic Survey Company Limited, De Haviland Airport, Toronto and we have

received a tentative proposal to. photograph the entire Concession, on a scale

2000 feet to one inch, at en estimated cost of 0.6,000.00. They have pointed

out.. they are negotiating with other concession holders in the area., which if

successful, will naturally reduce the estimate. It is quite probable the

Memjnion Government would like to take advantage of this work anZ be willing to

paya portion of the cost.

Aerial photography is not included in our estimate of cost.

However we recommend it as a highly desirable aid to this particular exploration

program and suggest it receive your serious consideration.


Hydro-o-elat : omer sufficient to meet the entire and cm-

PAGE `54

CARL. ERICKSOPI AP4D ASSOCIATES

bined needs of all the IrCn':%iaetry that may ever te developed in the Labrador

Trough section of New ,,Quebec is available from the rivers wâ,thIU, it.

In as far as the que3sec-Labrador isozswssslos`itools is

filcncerned abundant cheap pomp from low coot inetaiat ian le available an the

Ikaiapiekau River at I,imuatonea Palle.

ata

o Ix

TO

Y L

IMI

EST/MITE OF COST,

The post of a program of ezploratîcan for 3943 .as develapsd

in this report is as follower-

Salaries end :Magee

Air TraZxsportetion

Supplies and Eglaipment

e 20,000.00

18 00%00

15 OOOqOO

~ Sm(3OeE?O

This estimate does not make provision for organization

and direction.


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~vr observed at br~::

PAGE 56

CONCLUSIONS

(1) The OHM L4419ADOR 1fEiiL3;.3YMENT COMPANY'S Concession is located

in tt e well-known I,abraaor Trough.

(2) High grade iron ores in vast quantities are being developed in

the Labrador Trough by the Hollinger Interests.

Iron Ore indications in your Concession (3)

several points and should.be explored.

(4) Quartz veins carrying pyrites and galena have been observed in

the Northern section of the Concession. These occurrences should

be carefully prospected and sampled.

(5) • The high percentaie of rook exposures and the virtual absence

of vegetation makes exploration relatively ideal.

(6) Abundant hydro-electric power at low cost is potentially

available.

(7) Transportation facilities for end products already have been '

projected.

(8) Climate presents no problems.

In view of these very favorable conditions, a broad program of

exploration is recommended.

Respectfully submitted,

- CARL RRICZSON AND ASSOC UTTS

...0_.•s.....7...0.4.0..♦......

if CP:ît. ERICKSON AND ASSOCIATES

Coombs pepartment of Alines anb Anonym

SURVEYS AND ENGINEERING BRANCH HYDROGRAPHIE AND MAP SERVICE

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REPORT ON THE 1947 AIRBORNE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

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