Report. Of the Secretary "of the Smithsonian Institution

REPORT. OF“

T HE S ECRETARY"

OF T HE SMIT H SONIAN

INST ITUT ION

FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30

Pub lication 2749 )

2- 7 7 5”

WASHINGTONGOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

1923

T HE SMIT HSON IAN INSTITUTION .

JUNE 30, 1923 .

Presidin g oflicer emopioid — WARREN G. HARDING, Pres iden t Of the Un ited States .

Chan cellor.—CALVIN COOLIDGE , Vice Presiden t of th e Un ited S tates .

Members o f th e/

In s titution

WARREN G. HARDING, Presiden t Of the Un ited S tates.CALVIN COOLIDGE , Vice Presiden t of th e Un ited S tates .

WILLIAM HOWAR D TAFT , Ch ief Justice of the Un ited States .

CHARLES E VAN S HUGHES , S ecretary of S tate .

ANDREW W. MELLON , Secretary o f the Treasury.

JOHN WINGATE WEEKS , S ecretary of War.

H ARRY M. DAUGHERTY, Attorn ey Gen eral .HAR RY S . NEW,

Postmaster Gen eral .E DWIN DENBY, Secretary of th e Navy.

HUBERT WORK, Secretary of the In terior.

HENRY CANTWELL WALLACE , Secretary of Agriculture .

HERBERT CLARK HOOVER, Secretary of Commerce .

JAME S JOHN DAVIS , Secretary“

of Labor .

Regen ts o f,

th e In s titution

CALVIN COOLIDGE , Vice Presiden t of the Un ited S tates , Chan cello r.

WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT , Ch ief Justice of the Un ited States .

HENRY CABOT LODGE , Memb er of th e Sen ate .

A. OWSLEY STANLEY, Member of the S enate.

MEDILLMECOBMIOK, Member of th e Sen ate .

ALBERT JOHN SON , Memb er of th e H ouse of Represen tatives .

R . WALTON MOORE , ,

Member Of th e H ouse of Represen tatives .

GEORGE GRAY, Citizen of Delaware .

CHARLE S F. CHOATE , Jr. , citizen of Massachusetts .

HENRY WHITE , citizen of Marylan d .

R OBERT S . BROOKINGS , citizen of Missouri .IRWIN B . LAUGHLIN , citizen Of Pen n sylvan ia .

FREDERIO A. DELANO, citizen of the District Of Co lumb ia .

Executive COMM ttee.—GEORGE GRAY, H ENRY WHITE ,

FREDERIG A. DELA NO.

S ecretary o f the In s titution —CH ARLE S D. WALCOTT .

ASsisan t secretary.—C . G. ABBOT .

Chief clerk— HARRY W. DORSEY.

Accoun tin g an d disbursin g agen t— W. I . ADAMS .

E ditor.—W. P. TRUE .

A ssi stan t li bra/rian .— PAUL BROOKETT .

Property c lerk— J . H . HILL.

ANNUAL REPORT SMIT H SONIAN INST ITUTION ,1923 .

NATIONAL MUSEUM.

Admin is trative ass is tan t to the secretary, in charge— W. DE C. R AVENEL.

NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART .

D irec tor .

—WILLIAM H. HOLME S .

FREER GALLERY OF ART .

Curator .— JOH N ELLERTON LODGE .

BUREAU OF AMER ICAN ETHNOLOGY.

Ch ief — J . WALTER FEWKES .

INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE S .

Ch ief clerk— C. W. SHOEMAKER.

NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK.

S uperin ten den t—NED HOLLISTER.

ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY.

D irec to r.

— C. G. ABBOT .

REGIONAL BUREAU FOR TH E UNITED STATE S,INTERNATIONAL

CATALOGUE OF SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE .

Ass is tan t in charge— LEONARD C. GUNNELL.

REPORT

OF TH E

SECRETARY OF THE SMITHSONIAN INST ITUTION,

CHARLES D. WALCOTT ,

FOR THE YEAR'

ENDING JUNE 30.1923 .

T o the Board of R egen ts of the Smiths on ian In stituti onI have the hon or to submit herewith the customary

ann ual report showin g the activities an d con dition Of the Smith

son ian In stitution an d its bran ches durn g the fiscal year en din gJun e The first 26 pages Of the report con tain an accoun t

o f the'

affairs Of the In stitution proper,with brief abstracts o f the

work carried on by the various bran ches Of the In stitution , wh ileappen dixes 1 to 10 give more detailed reports o f the operation s o f

the Un ited States Nation al Museum,the Nation al Gallery o f A rt

,the

l 1 reer Gallery of Ar t,the Bureau Of American E thn o logy, the

In tern ation al E xchan ges , the Nation al Zoo logical Park,the

Astrophysical Observato ry, the Un ited States Regional Bureau Of

the In tern ation al Catalogue of S cien tific Literature,the Smith

son ian Library, an d o f the publication s Of the In stitution an d its

bran ches .

THE SMITHSONIAN INST ITUT ION.

T H E E STABL ISHMENT .

Th e Smithson i an In stitution was created by act o f Con gres s in1 846

,according to the terms o f the will o f James Smithson ,

o f E n glan d, who in 1826 bequeathed his

,

property to the Un ited S tates o f

America “to foun d at Wash in gton , un der the n ame o f

.

the Smithson ian In stitution , an establishmen t for the in crease an d diffusion Of

kn owledge amon g men .

” In receivin g the property an d acceptin gthe trust Con gress determin ed that the Federal Governmen t was

without authority to admin ister the trust d irectly, an d thereforecon stituted an establishmen t whose statutory members are

“the

Presiden t , the Vice Presiden t, the Ch ief Justice , an d the heads o f

the executive departmen ts .

”

2 ANNUAL REPORT SMITH SONIAN INST IT UTION ,1923 .

TH E BOARD OF REGENTS .

T he affairs o f the In stitution are admin istered by a Bo ard o f

Regen ts whose membersh ip con sists o f the Vice Presiden t, the Ch iefJustice , three Members Of the Sen ate , an d three Members o f the

House o f Re presen tatives,together with six oth er person s o ther than

Members o f Con gress , two Of whom shall be residen t in the CityOf Wash in gton an d the oth er four shall be in habitan ts o f some State ,but n o two o f them Of fihe same State .

” On e o f the Regen ts iselected chan cellor by the board ; in the past the selection has fallenupon the Vice Presiden t or the Ch ief Justice ; an d a suitable personis chosen by them as sec retary o f the In stitution ,

who is also secre

tary Of the Board o f Regen ts an d the executive Officer directly incharge o f the In stitution ’s activities .

In regard to the person n el o f the board, th e fo llowin g chan ges

occurred durin g the year : Robert Walton Meore, Member Of the

House Of Represen tatives from Virgin ia , was appo in ted a Regen tby the Speaker o f the Ho

'

use,to succeed the late Lemuel P . Padgett.

Mr. Hen ry Wh ite was reappo in ted by jo in t reso lution o f Con gress.

Mr. Irw in B . Laugh lin , o f Pen n sylvan ia , was appo in ted to succeedthe late Dr. A . Grah am Bell

,an d Mr. Frederic A . Delan o

,o f the

District o f Co lumbia , t o succeed Mr. John B . Hen derson , who dieddurin g the year.

The ro ll o f Regen ts at the close o f the fiscal year was as followsCalvin Coo lidge , Vice Presiden t o f the Un ited States, Chan cellor ;William H . Taft

,Ch ief Justice o f the Un ited S tates ; Hen ry CabOt

Lodge, Member Of the Sen ate ; A. Owsley Stan ley, Member Of the

S en ate ; Medill McCormick, Member o f the Sen ate ; Albert John son ,Member o f the House o f Represen tatives ; R . Walton Moore , Membero f the House o f Represen tatives ; George Gray, citizen o f Delaware ;Charles F . Choate

, jr., citizen o f Massachusetts ; Hen ry Wh ite , citi

zen o f Marylan d ; Robert S . Brookin gs , citizen o f Missouri ; IrwinB . Laugh lin , citizen o f Pen n sylvan ia ; an d Frederic A. Delan o , citizen o f th e District o f Co lumbia .

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS .

A systematic campaign was begun durin g the year to in crease the

en dowmen t o f the In stitution to more adequate proportion s thoughat th e c lose o f the year th is has had n o material success. It is feltthat there is con siderable misun derstan din g throughout the coun try

regardin g th e resources o f the Smithson ian In stitution ,man y per

son s believin g that it is supported, at least to some exten t, by theGovernmen t. A s a matter Of fact

,though the Con gress appropriates

fun ds an n ually for the main ten an ce o f the various bureaus wh ichh ave grown up aroun d th e In stitution an d are admin istered by it, n oton e cen t from these appropriation s can be used by the In stitution

REPORT OF TH E SECRETARY. : 3

proper fo r the purpose for wh ich it was created,

the i n crease an d

d iffusion Of kn owledge amon g men .

”

T hese purposes , wh ich are carried out through research , exploration

,an d publication , must be supported bythe fun ds o f the In stitu

tion itself or bymon ey con tributed for special purposes by the frien dso f the In stitution . As the en dowed fun ds of th e I n stitution , con

sistin g Of the origin a l bequest l to the Nation o f James Smithsonan d subsequen t 'gifts an d bequests , amoun t to On ly a little over a million do llars, yieldin g an available an nual in come Of approximately

fromwh ich the admin istrative costs o f the'

In stitution an d Of

the gen eral direction o f its seven bran ches must be paid, it will bereadily apparen t that but little remain s each year for research an d

exploration . It is believed that if the fin an cial Situation o f the

Smithson ian In stitdtion an d its excellen t position for Carryin g on

n eeded scien tific work were more fully un derstood, there would , ,

beready respon se to its plea for a larger en dowmen t, and its programOf scien t ific research an d exploration could then be expan ded an d

pushed vigorously, to the ultimate ben efit o f man kin d.

A n outstan din g even t o f the year was the formal open in g on May

2,1923

,o f the Freer Gallery Of Art, the culmin ation o f Mr . Charles

L. Freer’s splen did gift to the Nation , through the Smithson ian Institution , o f his un rivalled collection s o f American an d orien tal art

an d a beautiful buildin g to house them. The Opening Was'

wellatten ded an d was the cause o f favorable commen t in art c irclesthroughout the coun try, man y o f the leadin g

“ art journ als carryin gf ull accoun ts Of the gallery an d its con ten ts . The buildin g is n ow

Open to th e .

_public daily except Mon days .

FINANCE S.

The perman en t in vestmen ts o f the In stitution con sist o f the

f ollowmgD eposited in th e Treasury o f th e Un ited S tates $1 , 000 , 000

CON SOLIDATED FUND.

Miscellan eous securities carried at cost o f either purch ased o r

a cquired by gift, an d con stitutin g th e con so lidated fun d , n amely

West Shore Railroad CO. guaran teed 4 per cen t fi rst—mortgage b on ds ,due in 23 61

Clevelan d E lectric Illumin atin g Co . fi rst-mortgage 5 per cen t go ld

b on ds , due in 1 939

A tch ison , Topeka San ta Fé Ra ilway Co . 4 per cen t gen era l mortgageb on ds , due in 1995 , gift

Ch esapeake Oh io Railroad Co . first con solidated mortgage 5 per cen t

bon ds , due in 193 9 , giftBaltimore Oh io Railroad CO. 5 per cen t refun din g gen era l mortgagebon ds , mmin 1995 , gift

P. Lori llard Co . 7“

per cen t gold bon ds , due in 1944, gif t_i _

Liggett Myers Tobacco CO. 7 per cent gold bon ds,due in 1944; gift__

4 ANNUAL REPORT SMIT H SONIAN INSTITUTION,1923 .

New York Cen tra l Hudson River Railroad Co . 4 per cen t go ld de

ben ture bon ds , due in 1934

Domin ion of Can ada 5 per cen t gold b on ds , due May 1 , 1952

Provin ce of On tario deb en ture b on ds , due in 1952

Norman P. Sca la 3 -

year n ote on 140 E ast Capitol S treet, due November20 , 1925 , at 6 per cen t

North ern Pacific Ra ilway Co . refun din g an d improvemen t 5 per cen t

b on ds , due 2047

Rea l estate 7 per cen t trust n o tes on improved property in the Districto f Co lumb ia , due 1 925

North ern Pacific Ra ilway Co . 6 p er cen t bon ds , due 2047

New York Cen tra l Ra ilroad CO. refun din g an d improvemen t 5 per cen t

b on ds , due'

in 201 3

Brooklyn Rapid Tran sit Co . 5 per cen t secured gold n otes (in course

of adjustmen t ) 1

Un ited S tates first Liberty loanUn ited S tates secon d Lib erty loan

Un ited S tates th ird Liberty loan

Un ited S tates fourth Liberty loan

Atch ison , Topeka San ta Fe Ra ilway CO. 5 per cen t preferred stock,gift Shares__

American Sme ltin g Refin in g CO. 7 per ce n t preferred stock , giftSh ares__

Baltimore Oh io Ra ilroad CO. 4 per cen t preferred sto ck ,Ca liforn ia E lectric Gen eratin g CO. 6 per cen t preferred stock, gift

sh ares__

E lectric Bon d Share CO. 6 per cen t preferred stock ,

1 0 , 000

1 00

20

T he sums in vested for each specific fun d or securities acquired bygift are described as fo llows

Fun d . T otal .

Avery fun d . $14, 000 00 $27, 689 80

V irgin ia Purdy Bacon fun d 48,

1,285 58

3 5, 000 00

H ab cl fun d .

H amilton fun d 500 00

Carolin e H en ry fun d 1 , 023 00

H odgkin s gen eral fun d 116, 000 00 3 7

,275 . 00

H odgkin s specifi c fun d 100,000 00

2,3 90 . 00

Lucy T . an d George W. Poore fun d 00 10,05 5 00

Add ison T . R eid fun d 1 1,000 00 4

,419. 00

R hees fun d 590 00 23 8 00

George K. San ford fun d 00

Smith son fun d 727, 640 00 1

,

Charles I) . an d Mary Vaux Walcott research fun d 11,

T otal l, 000, 192

,1,192

,

1 T erms h ave been agreed upo n f or recon vertin g the n otes of th e Brooklyn Rapid T ran sitCo an d it is

'

expected that th e con vers ion wi ll be made very so o n .

f REPORT OF TH E“

SECRETARY, 5

Mr. B .

‘

H. Swales , hon orary assistan t curator,division of birds ,

has con tin ued his con tribution s durin g the past year for the pur

chase o f specimen s for the division Of birds . Th is year his Con tribue

tion s have amoun ted to $400.

‘

Dr. WilliamL. Abbott has co n tributed durin g the past year

for the purpose o f con tin uin g his researches in n atural history an d

the co llection Of specimen s i n Chin a . With the un expen ded sum Ofthe balan ce remain in g from the wo rk in Australia

,the

tota l sum available for work"

in Ch in a has amoun ted toT he In stitution is indebted to Mr. JOhn A. Roeblin g for a further

con tribution of toward con tin uin g research es in astro

physics by aidin g the so lar observin g station s in Chile an d the

Un ited S tates,an d providin g for publication Of scien tific papers ,

an d for makin g meteo ro logical in vestigation s elsewhere .

Freer Ga llery of A rt—A stock'

dividen d of 100 per cen t w as de

clared by Parke , Davis CO.,as o f record o f December 18

,1922

,

wh ich g ives the Smithson ian In stitution a total n umber of shares

Of the stocko f that compan y aggregatin g makin g a total foreach classification as fo llows :

Curator’S fun d , Freer Gallery Of Art

Court a n d groun ds fun d , Freer Ga llery of A rt

Court an d groun ds , main ten an ce fun d , Freer Gallery of Art

R esiduary legacy , Freer Gallery Of A rt

The In stitution,as residuary legatee , also holds the fo llowin g

securities,acquired in Settlemen t o f the F reer estate

Detroit Coun try Club , firstmortgage 5 per cen t b on d , due J an uary $1 , 000

Un iversity Club , Detro it, f irst mortgage 5 per cen t b on ds , due 1923

an d 1924

Great Lakes En gin eerin g Works , first mortgage , 7 per cen t b on ds , due

in an d 20 , 000

In my last report,I men tion ed aloan wh ich the In st itution Was

compelled to make for the purpo se Of payin g certain taxes . The

loan has been paid durin g the year . T he buildin g fun d is n ew ex

han sted.

Th e practice o f depositin g on time, in local trd st compan ies , such

reven ues as may be spared temporarily h as been con tin ued durin gthe past year, an d in terest on these deposits has amoun ted to $1 ,732.50.

The in come durin g the year f or curren t expen ses , con sistin g O f

in terest on perman en t in vestmen ts an d oth er miscellan eous sources,

in cludin g cash balan ce at the begin n in g o f the year, amoun ted toReven ues an d prin cipal Of fun ds for specific purposes,

except the Freer bequest, amoun ted to $69,75 6 .48 . Reven ues on

accoun t o f Freer bequest amoun ted to aggregatin g a

total o f

6 ANNUAL REPORT SMITH SONIAN INSTITUTION, 1923 .

The disbursemen ts , described more fully in the an n ual report o f theexecutive committee, were classed as follows : Gen eral objects o f theIn stitution

,for specific purposes (except the Freer be

quest) , temporary advan ces for field expen ses , etc .

,in

excess o f repaymen ts , expen ditures pertain in g to the

Charles L . Freer bequest, cash deposited on time,

an d cash balan ce on han d, Jun e 3 0 , 1923 ,The fo llowin g appropriation s were in trusted by Con gress to the

care o f the Smithson ian In stitution for the fiscal year 1923

In tern ation a l E xch an ges

American E th n o logyIn tern ation al Catalogue of Scien tific LiteratureAstrophysica l Ob servatoryNation al Museum

Furn iture an d fix turesH eatin g an d ligh tin g

Preservation of collection s

Buildin g repairsBooksPostage

Nation al Gallery o f Art

Nation a l Zoologica l ParkIn crease of compen sationPrin tin g an d b in din g

Total

RE SEARCH E S AND EXPLORATIONS .

In the In stitution ’s work in the “ in crease an d diffusion o f kn owledge scien tific exploration an d research expedition s in the field playan Importan t part. There h as been even more than the usual activityin th is phase o f the work durin g the past year, the In stitution an d

its bran ches havin g in itiated o r taken part in 22 separate expedition sin widely scattered parts o f the earth

,represen tin g man y bran ches

o f scien ce. T he very limited fun ds o f the In stitution available forth is importan t work make it n ecessary each year to forego oppor

tun ities to sen d out or j o in forces with other scien tific organ izatio n sin expedition s wh ich would result in valuable in formation an d ma

terial for study an d exh ibition to the public in the Nation al Museum.

I will men tion h ere on ly a few o f the expedition s in the field durin gthe past year , in order to show the n ature an d scope o f the work,referrin g to the appen ded reports o n th e Nation al Museum

,Bureau

o f American E thn o logy, an d other bran ches o f the In stitutio n foraccoun ts o f the exploratio n s un dertaken by them.

GEOLOGICAL'

EXPLORAT ION S IN TH E CANADIAN ROCKIE S .

My geo logical field work in the Can adian Rocky ,Moun tain s, des cribed in previous reports

,was con tin ued durin g the past year,

special atten tion being given to securin g eviden ce b earin g on the

pro-Devon ian formations n orth o f the Bow Valley, Alberta , an d

south alon g the n ew Ban ff—Win dermeremotor road. Difficulties wereen coun tered durin g the first part o f the season , owin g

‘

to den seforest-fi re smoke an d un satisfactory trail men , but during Augustan d September con dition s were greatly improved an d the work was

pushed vigorously.

A"

fi n e section o f pre-Devon ian strata was. studied an d measured

in the upper part o f Douglas Lake Can yon Valley, an d man y photographs were secured.

“

The measured geo logic section was from the

base o f the Devon ian , above Lake Gwen do lyn , acro ss the can yon to

the deep cirque below Halstead Pass, where the great Lyell limeston e forms th e crest o f the ridge. The section in cludes the “

Ozarkian'

Mon s formation down to theLyell formation of the upper'

Cambrian .

Gro in g south from the Bow Valley, camp was n ext made on the

Kooten ay River , about 6 miles below the mouth o f the VermilionRiver. The Kooten ay Valley

' is broad an d deep , with the h ighridges o f the Mitchell Ran ge on the east an d the Brisco Ran ge on

the west. The limeston'

es an d shales o f both ran ges are upturn ed an dsheared an d faulted,makin g it very diffi cult

-to work out the structurean d the complete stratigraph ic succession o f th e various formation s .

The S ilurian limeston es , with their fossil coral beds above the wh itequartzite o f the Richmon d tran sgression , were foun d in the upperportion o f S in clair Can yon , an d n ot far away black sh ales full o fS ilurian grapto lites . Lower down the can yon th in bedded gray

limeston e yielded fossils o f the Mon s formation .

It is eviden t that in the an cien t-

an d n arrow Cordilleran Sea , thatexten ded from the Arctic Ocean miles km.) or more

south , between the coast ran ges of the time an d the uplan ds o f the

cen tral portion o f the North American con tin en t, there was a sim

ilarity o f Lower Paleozo ic marin e life alon g the shores an d its sh allow waters . E viden ces o f th is an d o f stron g curren ts an d persisten twave action occur all the way from cen tral Nevada to Moun t Robson

,

in British Co lumbia . The record o f the marin e life an d depositso f mud an d san d is most compl .ete

PALEONTOLOGICAL FIELD WORK IN TENNESSEE .

Dr. R . S . Bas sler, curator, division o f paleon to logy o f the Un ited

States Nation al Museum,spen t six weeks in J un e an d July in a con

tin uation o f stratigraphi c an d paleon to logic studies begun a year

before in the cen tral basin o f Ten n essee , in co llaboration with the


Ten n essee State survey. In 1921 the study an d mappin g o f the

Fran klin quadran gle , an area o f about 25 0 square miles just south

o f Nashville, was well advan ced, an d th is year it was brought to com

pletion an d data secured f or the preparation o f a geo logical reportupon the area , to be published by the State . S tratigraph ic studieswere then un dertaken in con tiguous areas

,in which

_Doctor Bassler

was jo in ed by Doctors Ulrich an d Mesler. The classic section at

Nashville,in wh ich the proper delimitation o f the formation s h as

lon g been in dispute , was studied with especial care, an d large col

lection s o f fossils were secured to verify the stratigraph ic results .

Regardin g th is section ,Doctor Bassler says

T h e deep-sea origin of a ll limeston es h as lon g b een ta ligh t in spite of the

tren d of eviden ce th at man y limeston e formation s were la id down in sh allow

seas. T he shallow-water origin of limeston e is well illustrated in th e sec

tion of Ordovician strata exposed n ear the b lin d a sylum at Nashville , wh ichhas been studied by severa l gen era tion s of geologists . A t th e base of th is

section is the H ermitage formation , wh ich was eviden tly formed alon g an cien t

shore lin es because it is composed of beach -worn fragmen ts of sh ells an d other

fossils . Ab ove th is comes the Bigby limeston e , the source of much of the

Ten n essee brown ph osphate , an d wh ich also is made up almost en tirely of th e

commin uted rema in s of fossils . Next is the Dove limeston e , an a lmost pure ,dove -colored ,

lith ograph ic-like limeston e wh ich sh ows its sh a llow-water origin

in th e worm tubes pen etratin g it an d its sun -cracked upper surface . A slab '

o f th is limeston e a foot th ick , n ow on exh ib ition in th e Nation al Museum,

well illustrates th e po lygon al upper surface an d the pen etratin g worm tubes ,

b oth features in dicative of th e origin o f the rock on o ld mud flats wh ich wereperiodically ab ove water an d thus b ecame sun cracked. T he succeedin g Ward

limeston e is o f th e more typical b lue variety, but h ere th e rock is filled withmillion s of foss il sh ells wh ich , un der th e in fluen ce of weath erin g , are ch an ged

to s ilica an d are left free in great n umb ers in th e so il. Th is section is on ly

a portion o f th e en tire geological sequen ce a t Nashville , but it well illustratesth e various types of limeston e outcroppin g th rough out th e cen tral basin .

EXPEDIT ION TO EXA IVI IN E T H E N ORTH PACIFIC FUR SEAL I SLANDS .

Dr. Leo n h ard S tejn eger , head curator o f bio logy in the Un ited

S tates Nation al Museum,was detailed at th e request o f the Depart

men t o f Commerce,to accompan y an expedition to Alaska an d

adj acen t region s durin g th e summer o f 1922 to ascertain th e status

o f the fur seal herds in the North Pacific Ocean sin ce their protectionth rough the treaty o f 191 1 between the Un ited States , Russia , Japan ,an d Great Britain . The first seal rookeries visited were those o f the

Pribilofs,where the in crease in n umber o f seals on the beaches is

very remarkable,an d Doctor S tejn eger predicts a complete resti

tutio n o f the fur seal herd to its former maximum f or the n ot dis

tan t future . A n ew method o f strippin g the skin from.

the dead sealan d subsequen t - clean in g of the skin was 'bein g adopted on an

ten sive scale an d was foun d to be a great improvemen t over the old

method.

REPORT OF. TH E SECRETARY. 9

On Bering Islan d o f the Comman der Islan ds , the n ext stop o f th

e xpedition , con dition s were quite the reverse o f those on the Prib i

lofs . The south rookery had lon g sin ce ceased to exist'

an d the great

n orth rookery had been greatly reduced. On h is last visit to th isrookery i n 1879, Stejn eger had estimated the n umber o f breedin gzseals there at At the time o f the presen t visit, there were

s carcely 2,000 left.The expedition next visited the Japan ese

‘

fur seal'

islan d usuallykn own as Robben Islan d in the Okhotsk Sea. Here the n umber o f

fur seals has gradually in creased un til n ow they occupy n ot on ly thee nt ire eastern beach but are exten din g the rookery at both en ds on

to the wes t side o f the islan d. The Japan ese have fo llowed closelythe methods employed in man agin g the American seal herd on the

Pribilo fs , an d‘

the result is mo st in structive in showin g con clus ivelythat protection does protect.

” Importan t in formation regardin gthe Russian fur seal islan ds was obtain ed fromMr. Ko ltan ovski an d

Co lon el Sokoln iko f , an d from Yokohama Doctor S tejn eger tookpassage back to the Un ited States , havin g compl eted the in spectionof the fur seal rookeries.

BOTAN ICAL EXPLORAT ION IN COLOMBIA .

From April to October, 1922,Dr Fran cis W. Pen n ell,Of the Phil

adelph ia Academy o f Natural Scien ces , an d Mr. Ellsworth P.Killip,o f the Nation al Museum,

carried on botan ical exploration in the

Republic o f Co lombia. The expedition was organ ized by severalin stitution s as part o f a gen eral plan for the botan ical study o f

n orthern South America. Fin an cial assistan ce was also given byMr. Oakes Ames, who was especially in terested in the orch ids Of theregion .

E n terin g the coun try at Buen aven tura on the Pacific side,the

expedition,

establish ed headquarters at La'

,

Cumbre in'

the Western

Cordillera , for the purpose'

o f studying the vegetation of the cen tralpart of th is ran ge . Descen din g to the city of Cali

, the party pro

ceeded up th e Cauca Valley to’

Popayan , an d from th is po in t exploredth e southern portion s o f both the cen tral an d western Cordilleras .

Later the expedition visited S alen to , In the n orthern part o f th e Central Ran ge , an d Ibague an d Bogota , co llectin g material at h isto ricloca lities alon g the Quindiu Trail. Approximately memberswere co llected, sufficien t material bein g secured to make up equal

sets for each o f the institution s represen ted in the expedition .

In his report on the work, Mr . Killip says

A S might be expected from its physiography, the vegetation o f Colomb ia is

extremely diverse . With in a few miles may occur a luxurian t tropical flora ,

th e more open woods of th e temperate zon e , an d th e low alpin e growth familiaron our American moun ta in tops . Again , as in th e Dagua Valley, on emay ride

through a den se rain forest, filled with fern s , mosses , an d aroids , to emerge

1 0 ANNUAL REPORT SMITH SONIAN INSTITUTION , 1923 .

sudden ly in an arid desert-like region , wh ere cacti an d acacias are th e con

Spicuous plan ts .

So in adequately kn own is the flora o f Colomb ia th at even alon g the regular

routes of travel man y Species are foun d that are either n ew , un represen ted inAmerican h erb aria , or kn own on ly from specimen s preserved in European

co llection s .

T he botan ical co llection resultin g from th is expedition is on e o f

the largest an d most importan t ever obtain ed in Co lombia.

EXPLORA TION OF TH E PALEOLITH IC REGIONS OF FRANCE AND SPAIN .

Durin g Sep tember, 1922, Mr. M . W. Stirlin g , o f the Nation alMuseum,

explored the paleo lith ic region s o f southern Fran ce an d

n orthern Spain . Besides visitin g all o f the importan t sites whereremain s o f an cien t man have been discovered, the expedition en tereda great man y caves previously un kn own to scien ce. R egardin g thegreat promise o f the region for archeo logical work, Mr. Stirlin greports as fo llows

T he idea has become prevalen t in America that th is region h as been practi

cally exhausted archeologically. Although the previous existen ce of paleolith ic man in th is locality h as b een kn own for h alf a cen tury,

it may be trulysaid that th e work o f exploration h as hardly begun .

T he hab itation s of the S ton e Age are closely lin ked with the limeston e formation wh ich overlies large areas in th is part of Europe . Th ese may be s aid tofall in to two classes , i . e rock sh elters an d cavern s . T he former are un der

cuts ih the limeston e made by the rivers in the early Ple istocen e or late Plio

cen e. A gen eral elevation o f the lan d has caused the streams to deepen their

chan n els , thus leavin g th e un dercuts well ab ove the surface of the water.

These were utilized as dwellin g places by paleolith ic man an d in man y in stan ceswere artificia lly modified. There are literally miles of relic-bearin g depositsof th is class that have n ot yet b een touched. T he poss ib ilities i n th is field are

very great.

T he cavern s of the Dordogn e region are for the most part comparativelysmall , wh ile those in the departmen t o f A rriege are immen se caves of a mostSpectacular n ature. Of th e former class are the grottoes of Fon t du G aume ,Combarelles , La Mouthe , Marsoulas , Mon tesquieu, an d oth ers. Of the latter

class are the immen se caves in th e n eigh borhood o f Fo ix , as for example , Salign ac , Ussat , an d Niaux . T he tun n el o f Mas d’Azil is the remn an t of such a cave .

Man y o f th ese cavern s have become b locked with sedimen t owin g to the factth at th ey frequen tly s lope downward from the en tran ce. Messrs. S tirlin g an d

Patton en tered at least a dozen such caves wh ich had become sealed at varyin g

distan ces from their mouth s . T he open in g o f such caves h as heretofore beenleft en tirely to chan ce. Scien tific en deavor at th is work sh ould produce mostfruitful results. T he sealin g o f these caves has been a fortun ate acciden t of

n ature , s in ce the con ten ts are by th is mean s preserved in tact.Of the region s visited, that in the n eighborhood of Altamira , in Spain , an d

Ussat, in Fran ce , give most promise o f rich return s to th e arch eologist.

CENTENARY OF TH E BIRTH OF SPENCER FULLERTON BAIRD.

A meet in g was held in the auditorium o f the Nation al Museumon the even in g o f February 3 , 1923 , to celebrate the cen ten ary o f the

birth o f Spen cer Fullerton Baird,secon d secretary o f the Smith

REPORT OF'

TH E SECRETARY.

son ian In stitution , the virtual foun der of theUn ited States Nation al

Museum,the creator an d head o f the Un ited States Fish Commis

sion ,‘

an d a prIme mover in the establishmen t of the Un ited StatesGeo logical Survey an d the Bureau Of American E thn o logy

. The

meetin g was presided over by Represen tative Frank L. Green e, a

member o f the Bo ard o f Regen ts of theIn stitution ,an d the following

addresses were delive zred Baird,the man ,

”by Dr. William Healeyan d the Smithson ian In stitution an d its bran ches ,

”

by Dr . Charles G. Abbot ; “ Baird atWoods Ho le ,” by Pro f. EdwinLin ton ; “ Baird an d the Fisheries ,

” by Pro f. David S tarr J ordan ;an d “ Baird

,the Naturalist,

”by Dr . C . Hart Merriam.

In the aftern oon,precedin g the formal celebration ,

the Nation alBaird Memorial Committee met in the Nation al Museum t o decide

upon the form o f the memorial or memorials to B aird. T he com

mittee was composed o f delegates appo in ted by 54 scien tific societies

an d in st itution s from various parts o f the coun try, with the fo llowin g offi cersHon orary presiden t, Dr . William H. Dall ; presiden t, Dr CharlesD . Walcott ; vice presiden ts , Mr . George R . Agassiz , Dr. Al exan derGraham Bell (deceased) , Pro f. Fran k W. Clarke, Pro f. StephenA. Forbes ; Pro f. David Starr Jordan , Pro f. E dwin Lin ton , Pro f.E dward S . Morse , Pro f . Hen ry Fairfi eld Osborn ,

Pro f. AddisonE . Verrill

,an d Dr. Robert S . Wo odward ; secretary, Dr Paul

Bartsch . At th is aftern oon meetin g it was an n oun ced that appro

priate exercises were held durin g the morn in g, when wreaths wereplaced on the grave of Baird i n Oak H ill Cemetery, the bust o f

Baird in the American Museum o f Natural History, t he Bairdmemorial bowlder o f the A merican Fisheries Society a t WoodsHo le , an d the Baird memorial

jtablet at th e Bureau “

of Fisheriesbuildin g in Wash in gton , an d that the mayor

"

o f Readin g, Pa .,had

been requested to decOrate the house in wh ich Baird was born .

’

The report"

Of the n ation al committee, an n oun ced at the evenin gmeetin g, is as fo llows :1 . That Con gress be memorialized to establish in the city o f

Washin gton a museum o f fisheries an d ocean ography, with laboratories an d a public aquarium, as a memorial to Spen cer FullertonBaird.

2. That there be established a fun d for the en couragemen t o f

research an d exploration in the direction s In wh ich Spen cerFullerrton Baird was a leader .

3 . It was the sen se o f the meetin g that"

the n ame . o f Baird,

be g ivento the laboratory o f the Bureau o f Fisheries at

,Woods Hole , Mass .

12 ANNUAL REPORT SMITH SONIAN INSTITUTION ,1923 .

PRE SENTATION OF BUST OF JEANNE D’ARC.

On February 23,1923

,there was presen ted to the Smith son ian

In stitution for the American people a bron ze bust o f Jean n e d’Arc

by Madame Berthe Girardet , o f Neuilly, Fran ce . Th is bust, accepted

by your secretary on beh alf o f the Board o f Regen ts o f the In stitu

tion,is a gift from the sculptress through Mrs. Grace Wh itn ey Hoff ,

“ in memory o f wh at ~ the American so ldiers did in Fran ce at . a

crucial time o f n eed— in gratitude to the mo thers , to the wives , to

the sisters an d sweethearts , an d to all tho se who gave their dear

on es whose blood has min gled with the so il o f Fran ce .

” T he bust

is in stalled in the Nation al Gallery o f A rt.

H AMILTON FUND LECTURE .

The R ev. James Hamilton , in 1875 , placed un der the admin istration o f the Smith son ian In stitution a sum o f mon ey, design ated as

the Hamilton fun d,the in terest from wh ich is to be used for lec

tures on Scien tific or useful subjects .

” Un der the auspices o f th isfun d there was delivered on April 18 , 1923 , an in terestin g lectureby Dr. Sven Hedin , the n oted Swedish explo rer

,on h is discoveries

o f an cien t cities an d man uscripts in eastern Turkestan an d h is latestexploration s in southern Tibet. The lecture was pro fusely illustratedwith lan tern slides, an d Doctor Hedin described graph ically the

dan gers an d h ardsh ips in ciden t to a journ ey through the great

desert region s in wh ich he worked . The lecture,to which the Wash

in gton public was in vited, had a large atten dan ce .

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA NATURE STUDY EXH IBIT .

Four o f the foyer rooms in the New Nation al Museum h ave beenSet aside for a local exh ibit

,wh ich , it is hoped, will meet a lon g- felt

wan t o f teachers an d studen ts an d people gen erally in terested in thefaun a an d flora o f the District o f Co lumbia an d its immediate

Two o f the rooms are devoted to the birds an d it is in ten ded toin stall a complete represen tatio n o f all species repo rted for the Distriot. A th ird room is devoted to the mammals, reptiles , batrach ian s ,an d fi sh o f the District

,wh ile the fourth room has the commo n er ih

sects— butterflies, dragon flies, beetles , etc.

—an d swin gin g framescon tain in g beautifully pressed Specimen s o f local plan ts. It is in

ten ded to chan ge the con ten ts o f these frames as the season advan ces ,so that an yon e wish in g to kn ow wh at is in flower at the particulartime in question will fi n d the specimen represen ted in the frame inits regular systematic position

,as well as a photograph o f the habitat

an d some detail pictures. Here,too

,is in stalled a stereomotorgraph

wh ich altern ately shows series o f pictures o f plan ts an d birds, the

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14 ANNUAL REPORT SMITH SONIAN INST ITUTION , 1923 .

man y lin es o f scien tific work, in cludin g physics , ch emistry, astro

physics , geo logy, bio logy, an d an thropo logy. These are written in a

style to attract th e average in telligen t reader, an d there is a very gen

eral deman d fo r the repo rts . A cataloguer in the office o f the Super

in ten den t o f Documen ts , wh ere all public documen ts are distributed,has placed the Smith son ian repo rt first in po in t o f n umber r o f re

quests from libraries to receive th is publication .

The publication s o f the Natio n al Museum an d Of the Bureau o f

American E th n o logy are men tion ed in detail in th e repo rt on pub

lication s , appen ded hereto .

Nin e papers were issued durin g the year in th e series o f Smithso n ian Miscellan eous Co llection s , amon g wh ich may be men tion edon e by your secretary resultin g from his geo logical field wo rk in theCan adian Rocky Moun tain s ; a timely paper by Mr . Mitman

,o f the

Museum staff,on

“ S ome Practical Aspects o f Fuel E con omyan d a con tribution from Dr . J. Walter Fewkes

,ch ief o f the Bureau

o f American E th n o logy, o n th e“ Design s o n Preh isto ric Pottery

from the Mimbres Valley, New Mexico,

”wh ich was fully illus

trated with strikin g In dian design s .

A llo tmen ts fo r prin tin g — The con gression al allotmen ts for the

prin tin g o f the Smithson ian repo rts an d the various publication s o f

the bran ches Of th e in stitution were practically used up at the clo seo f the year . T he appropriation for the comin g year en din g Jun e 3 0 ,1924

,totals allotted as fo llows

For prin tin g an d b in din g the An n ual Reports of the Board o f Regen ts ,with gen era l ap'pen dixes , th e edition s o f wh ich sh all n ot exceed

copies $10 , 000

Un der th e Smith son ian In stitution : For th e an n ual repo rts o f th e

Na tio n a l Museum, w ith gen era l appen dixes , an d f or prin tin g labels

an d b lan ks , an d f or th e bulletin s an d proceedin gs of th e Nation alMuseum, the edition s o f wh ich sh a ll n ot exceed copies , an d

b in din g ,in half morocco o r material n ot more expen sive , sc ien tific

b ooks an d pamph lets presen ted to or acquired by th e Nation a lMuseum Lib rary 3 7 , 5 00

Fo r th e an n ua l reports an d bulletin s of the Bureau of AmericanE th n o logy , an d f or miscellan eous prin tin g an d b in din g f or th e bureau 21 , 000

For th e an n ual report o f the Nation al Gallery o f A rt an d f or prin tin gcatalogues , labels , an d

Fo r miscellan eous prin tin g an d b in din g

T h e In tern ation a l

T he In tern ation a l Ca ta logue o f S cien tific LiteratureT h e Na tion a l Zoo logical ParkT h e Astrophys ical Ob servatory

For the an n ual report o f th e American H istorical Assoc iatio n

77 , 400

Provided, Th a t the expen diture “

o f th is sum sh all n ot b e restricted to a pro

ra ta amoun t in an y period of the fisca l year.

REPORT OF TH E SECRE TARY.. 5

(J am/mittee on prin tin g and pubMen tion —Th e fun ction o f the

Smithson ian adviso ry committee on prin tin g an d publication is.

to‘make recommen datio n s to the secretary regardin g the techn ical merit

an d suitability o f all man uscripts submitted for publication by theSmithson ian In stitution o r its bran ches , . an d also to con sider all

oth eirmatters relatin g to prin tin g an d bindin g un der the institution .

Durin g the past year seven meetin gs were held an d 104 man uscriptsacted upon . T he.membersh ip ,o f the committee is , as fo llows : Dr .

Leon hard Stejn eger, . head . curator o f bio logy, Nation al Museum,

chairman ; Dr. George P. Merrill, head curator o f geo logy, Nation alMuseum ; Dr .

- \ J . Walter Fawkes, ch ief, Bureau o f American E th

n o logy ; Mr . N. Ho llister,superin ten den t

,Nation al Zoo logical Park ;

an d Mr. W. P . True,editor o f the Smith son ian In stitution , secre

taryLIBRARY.

Much has been accomplished durin g -,the year toward better

library service . T he n umber o f publication s loan ed durin g‘

the yearreach ed a total o f 12, ,

O76 an d fully asman y were con sulted“

with out

bein g taken out. A list has been prepared each day o f th e p i incipal

con ten ts o f scien tific an d techn ical periodicals received for the Smithson ian Deposit at th e Library o f Con gress , an d copies are circu

lated amon g the heads o f scien tifi c'

bureaus un der th e Smithsonian ;In stitutio n . The subject catalogue o f the Museum library has beenin creased by cards

,an d progress has been made in the arran ge

men t o f cards Of the Con c ilium Bibh ograph icum,received sin ce the

close o f the war .

Th e th ird vo lume Of the“Bibliography o f Aeron autics , coverin g

the years 1917 to 1919, in c lusive , compiled by the assistan t librariano f th e Smithson ian I n stitutio n ,

Mr. Paul Brockett,was issued dur

in g the year by the Nation al Advisory Committee for Aeron autics;-Of the vo lumes an d Other publication s added to th e library,

5 ,719 wei e fo r the Smith so n ian Deposit at the Library o f Congress ,for the Nation al Museum

,an d th e oth ers for th e memammg

libraries admin istei ed un deI the Smith so n ian In stitution .

NATIONAL MUSEUM .

Wh ile without. in creased fin an c ial resources it h as been impossiblef or the Museum durin g th e year to in crease the Scope o f its exh ibitsan d o f . th eir usefulness to the public

,n evertheless much h as bee n

accomplished along the lin es o f fillin g in gaps in existin g c o llection san d o f in creasin g their value th rough classification an d arran gemen t .

T he Museum. has been fortun ate in bein g able to keep together mo sto f its sc ien tific staff . In man y cases th is h as" been possible on ly.

because o f the devotion o f th e person s an d their willin gn ess to accept

1 6 ANNUAL REPORT SMITH SONIAN INSTITUTION, 1923 .

employmen t in what should be their leisure hours in order to meet

livin g expen ses . Better con dition s are expected to result, however,from the passage by Con gress o f the reclassification act o f 1923 ,

wh ich becomes eff ective July 1 , 1924.

T he Museum acquired durin g th e year a total of spec imen s .

Wh ile n umerically th is is on ly 60 per cen t as man y as received durin gthe previous year, man y o f the accession s are o f exception al value ,either in trin sically or from a scien tific po in t o f View . The distri

bution o f duplicate Specimen s,main ly to education al in stitution s.

totaled specimen s,classified an d labeled. About on e half o f

these were in regular sets already prepared for sh ipmen t, an d the

o ther half were specially selected to meet particular n eeds . Nearlyduplicates

,ch iefly relatin g to botan y an d geo logy, were sen t

out in exch an ge , resultin g in th e acquisition o f much desirable mate

rial . Over specimen s were len t to spec ialists for study purposes . The material received by th e Museum durin g the year is

described somewh at fully in the report o f the admin istrative assist

an t ih charge , appen ded to th is report, but it may be well to here

men tion briefly some o f th e outstan din g accession s. Amon g much

material in an thropo logy, there may be men tion ed an expressivecarved ston e figure from the Makah In dian s ; casts o f the famousLa Quin a an d Obercassel skulls an d Skeleton ; a series o f archeo

logical Specimen s from Haiti ; an eth n o logical co llection from For

mosa ; an d casts o f the busts o f th e h eretic Pharaoh , Amen oph is IV,

an d his queen .

The bio logical Specimen s received durin g the year, wh ile fewer inn umber, compare favorably in scien tific value with those o f previous

years an d probably are above the average . Perhaps the outstan din gaccession in bio logy was the Evezard co llection o f recen t molluskspresen ted by the late John B . Hen derson

,wh ile an other o f great

scien tific in terest is the series o f Opalin id ciliate in fusorian s prepared by Pro f. Mayn ard M. Metcalf. A sign ifican t feature o f the

year’s accession s is the fact that some o f the most importan t are from

Ch in a as a result o f a deliberate effort to improve systematically thestudy material from the palearctic region wh ich is o f fun damen talimportan ce for a full un derstan din g o f our North American faun a .

Several expedition s from wh ich bio logical material may be expectedto come to the Museum are n ow in the field in Ch in a . A n umber o f

other expedition s to S outh America an d elsewhere durin g the yearhave resulted in much valuable material

,the Nation al Herbarium

especially bein g en riched. Strikin g n ew exh ibits in the departmen to f bio logy in clude several spec ies o f Australian mammals, a Malaytapir

,an d a gorilla co llected in Fren ch Con go by Mr . A schemeier,

o f the Museum staff. T he scien tific staff has con tin ued to carry on

research work o n the study co llection s, resultin g in the publication

REPORT or T H E SECRETARY. 17

o f man y papers in the various Museum series . The tOtal n umber Of

Specimen s o f an imals an d plan ts n ow in th e Museum collectiOn s Is

estimated to exceed 7 000 .

Amon g the importan t accession s in the departmen t o f geo logy may

be men tion ed the valuable paleon to logical co llection o f the lateCrestes

‘St. John , con sistin g prin cipally of fossil fishes, don ated by

Dr. Fran k Springer , an d a co llection o f n ot less.

than 10 specimen s

,main ly .f os

‘

sil plan ts , presen ted by the heirs o f the late . R . D .

L'acoc , o f Pittston , Pa . The residuary portion o f the meteorite“

co l

lection o f the late Pro f. H . A . Ward was presen ted by'

Mrs . Coon l eyWard

,an d 1 3 addition al accessions o f meteorites were received. A

n umber of importan t min eralogical specimen s were acquired durin gthe year, largely through exchan ges , in cludin g a large : b 0

,ulder o f

jade received from Co". W. B . Th ompson an d a fi n e specimen o f

crystallized desclo izite from southwest A frica . Several un usual cut

gems were purchased through the Chamberlain en dowmen t fun d.

A n importan t phase o f the work o f the departmen t o f geo logy consists in furn ish in g assistan ce to sch oo ls an d students

,ch iefly through

the distribution o f materials n eeded in th eir studies . E ighty-On e

education al institution s were thus aided during th e year .

The co llection s o f textiles,wood techn ology, organ ic chemistry,

foods,an dmedicin e , all un der the supervision o f the curator o f textiles ,

received man y valuable specimen s,n umberin g over 2

,000 . Amon g

the mOst importan t o f these are a large series o f specimen s o f pyralin ,bakelite , con densite , an d celll

'

Ilose acetate, all sub stitutes for n aturalraw materials, such as ivory, bon e, horn , torto ise Shell

,amber

, etc ,

the SIIpplies of wh ich are growmg scarcer every year ;“

beaI'

Itiful spec imens o f silks, woo len fabrics , an dmoh air upho lstery textiles ; an ex

bibit showin g thepro cess o f man ufacture of do‘uble tipped matches ;

an d specimen s showin g the use o f chaulmoogra Oil derivatives In thetreatmen t o f leprosyIn H awaii.In the division s o f min eral an d mechan ical techn o logy, graph ic

arts, an d history, an un usIIally large an d valuable series o f objectshave been accession ed durin g th e year. The division s o f min eral and

mechan ical techn ology,in their con servation program,cooperated with

Mr. S . S . Wyer in preparin g a work under the title “ The Smith

son ian I n stitution’s Study o f Natural Resources Applied to Pen n syl

van ia’s Resources,” wh ich was distributed free to schoo l teachersthroughout Pen n sylvan ia an d used in certain courses in the gI ade

schools. Seven loan exh ibits sh own In the division o f graph ic arts

brought the division promin en tly before the local public , an d two

travelin g exh ibits prepared in the division were shown in various

c ities . The division of h istory received, besides several other importan t accession s o f military, n aval , an d an tiquarian material, the

en tire co llection o f n umismatic material formerly exh ibited in the

1 8 ANNUAL REPORT SMITH SONIAN INSTITUTION,1923 .

Un ited S tates min t in Ph iladelph ia , tran sferred to the Museum ow

in g to the closin g Of the min t to the public .

A n umber Of field expedition s in wh ich th e Museum was in terestedresulted in greatly en rich in g the co llection s in all departmen ts

,

though main ly in bio logy an d geo logy. These expeditio n s are de

scribed in the repo rt'o n the Museum appen ded hereto . The usual

large n umber o f meetin gs , con gresses , an d reception s were held inthe audito rium an d ro oms Of the Natural Histo ry Buildin g .

Visito rs to th e Natural Histo ry Buildin g totaled to the

Arts an d In dustries Buildin g , to the Smith so n ian Buildin g ,an d to the Aircraft Buildin g, T he Museum published

durin g the year 10 vo lumes an d 42 separate papers,o f wh ich there

were distributed a total o f 7 copies .

NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART .

In the Nation al Gallery, the year has seen substan tial advan ce ina n umber Of direction s

,alth ough addition s to th e art co llection s have

n o t been so n umerous as in several previous years . The time o f th e

staff has been devoted largely to the receipt, in stallatio n ,an d care

Of the co llection s ; to completin g the reco rds an d labelin g ; an d to the

p reparation o f matter for publication f or th e purpose Of arousin gi n terest in the Nation al Gallery, especially in its vital n eed o f a

g allery buildin g . A recen t act o f Con gress autho rizes the raisin go f fun ds for a Natio n al Gallery Buildin g an d provides a site in the

Smithson ian Park for its erectio n , an d th e gallery has made every

e ffort durin g the year to brin g fo rcibly to the atten tio n o f th e pub lic

the urgen cy o f providin g a suitable buildin g to take care o f the grow

in g n ation al art co llectio n an d to Offer better in ducemen ts to p I‘O J

spective don ors to the Nation o f valued art material . Furthermore ,there must be in America a Nation al Gallery o f A rt

'

Buildin g if we

are to take a respectable place amo n g th e civilized n atio n s o f the

world in the field o f art, an d the direc tor Of the gallery h as em

deavored in several published articles to make kn own this n ation al

sho rtcomin g an d to stir the pride o f a people n ot accustomed to take

a seco n d or th ird place in an y field worthy o f th eir ambitio n .

Th e Nation al Gallery Commission held its seco n d an n ual meet

in g on December 12,an d n umerous importan t problems con n ected

with the work o f the gallery an d with its future were con sidered.

Fo llowin g the reports o f committees , a n ew committee was appoin ted

to look after the gallery’s in terest s in the fin al disposition

'

o f pur

chases made from the Ran ger bequest fun d.

T he 21 portraits o f distin guish ed leaders Of America an d o ther

a llied n ation s in the war w ith German y, p ain ted by a n umber o f

leadin g American painters un der the auspices o f th e Nation al A rt

RE'

PORT OF TIIE SE CRETARY.

'

19

'

Committee,have n ow retuI n ed to the Nation al Gallery an d will

mai n on perman en t exhib ition ,after h avin g been displayed in 25

o f the largercities through the Offi ces o f the American Federation o f

Arts.

The gallery received by gift durIn g the year a n umber Of pain tin gsand other art works , an d several in terestin g co llections were loan ed ,amon g them the famous McFadden Co llection o f 43 portraits an d

lan dscapes o f the British Sch oo l, wh ich is deposited in the gallerypen din g its perman en t housin g by the city Of Ph iladelph ia . SeveralSpecial exh ibition s were held in the gallery, in cludin g an exh ibitio no f American Han dicrafts assembled an d circulated by the AmericanFederation o f Arts

,an d a co llection Of an tique E truscan ,

GrecoRoman , an d Byzan tin e jewelry, an cien t glassware , an d pottery ex

h ibited un der the auspices o f the Archaeo logical Society o f Wash

in gtOn .

The first catalogue o f co llection s to be issued Sin ce the establishmen to f the -gallery as a separate un it appeared durin g the year . T he cat

a logue contain s an accoun t o f th e developmen t o f the art in terests o fthe Smithson ian In stitution an d an outlin e o f th e organ ization o f

the gallery, fo llowed by a list o f the art works with brief biographies o f the artists, an d is illustrated with 25 plates o f certain o f

the most n oteworthy pain tin gs an d’

Sculptures in th e gallery.

FREER GALLERY 'OF ART .

The examin ation,classification , an d prelimin ary cataloguin g o f

Chin ese an d Japan ese ston e sculptures an d jades , begun in 1922, was

completed durin g the year. New work,begun in cludes the prelimi

n ary“

cataloguin g an d fin al storage o f Ch in ese an d Japan ese bron zes ,lacquers, an d wood sculptures , Near E astern and E gyptian pottery,an d miscellan eous Objects o f bon e

,ivory, metal, glas s , etc . The

autumn , win ter, an d early sprin g were laI gely devoted to the in stallatio n o f exh ib its an d preparation s for th e formal Open in g o f the

gallery to the public on MayFor the open in g week, there were issued 3 ,300

'

in vitation s,an d the

gallery was then Open ed to the public . From May 9 un til theen d o f the period covered by the report o f the gallery, Jun e 3 0 , thetotal atten dan ce was _Begin n in g Jun e 11 , the buildin g wasclosed on Mon days , makin g the exh ibition s available on Sun days toman y people wh o are un able to come on week days .

Thefield work o f the gallery in cluded a trip to E urope by MissGuest to atten d as adelegate from th e gallery the meetin gs o f the

SOciété Asiatique deParis , held In Paris from July 10 to 1 3 , followin g wh ich She devoted two mo n ths to a study o f various collectiOn sof Orien tal art in Fran ce , E ng lan d an d German y. On February 12,Mr . Bish op , o f the gallerystafl

’

,left for Ch in a

,in ch arge o f an ai


cheological expedition sen t out un der th e jo in t auspices o f th e FreerGallery o f Art an d the Museum o f Fin e Arts ,Boston . Up to th e clo se

Of the year ,Mr. Bish op’s ch ief con cern was with matters o f organ iza

tion,wh ich h e has n ow settled very successfully. H e also visited

several sites o f great archeo logical in terest an d made Observation s

Of impo rtan ce to the future work o f the expedition .

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY.

T he ch ief has en deavo red to expen d in the mo st econ omical man

n er the fun ds appropriated by Con gress for con tin uin g eth n o logicalresearches amon g the American In dian s an d the n atives o f Hawaii ,

although con siderable difficulty h as been en coun tered owin gto the greatly in creased co st o f field work an d main ten an ce . There

h as been a great awaken in g o f in terest in matters con cern in g the

abo rigin al in h abitan ts o f America,an d n ever before h as th ere been

such a gen eral deman d for the publish ed works o f the bureau. The

great archeo logical discoveries in Egypt h ave created a n ew popular

in terest in the Scien ce o f Man,an d the ch ief is en deavo rin g to meet

th is situation by in creasin g the output o f the bureau in the form o f

popular publication s in addition to the usual techn ical works . The

past year’s work in cludes archeo logical an d h istorical study o f the

In dian s as well as work on documen tary h istory. Somewh at detailedaccoun ts o f the various researches carried on durin g the year are con

fain ed in the report o f the ch ief o f the bureau, Appen dix 4 o f th isreport, so that it will here be n ecessary o n ly to in dicate the characte ran d scope o f the wo rk.

From July to September , 1922, the ch ief completed the excavationan d repair o f Pipe Shrin e House on the Mesa Verde Nation al Park

,

Co lorado , begun the previous year . Th is exception al ruin is n ow

open for the in spection o f visitors to the park. H e also excavatedan d repaired Far View Tower, an in structive circular ruin with threesubterran ean kivas , probably an outlook for observation o f the sun

an d ceremon ies con n ected with the sky god. In'

Jun e , 1923 , the ch iefvisited various localities in the n eighborhood o f Demin g, southernNew Mexico , f or the purp ose o f examin in g an d Obtain in g specimen s o f a beautiful form o f preh istoric In dian pottery wh ich h adbeen discovered in that region . T he remarkable pictures on th ispottery throw con siderable light on the ethn o logy o f an an cien t peopleo f whom we would otherwise have practically n o kn owledge .

Dr. Joh n R . Swan ton completed th ree man uscripts for publication durin g the year, besides carryin g on importan t lin guistic an d

ethn o logical researches in the office . Dr. Truman Michelson beganthe year con ductin g ethn o logical researches amon g the Fox In dian so f Iowa , where he co llected suffi cien t material for a man uscript on


poun ds . Th is is a decrease in n umber Of packages an d in

weight from the previous year, owin g partly to the smaller S ize

o f the publication s han dled th is year . These publication s were fo r

warded in boxes,in additio n to wh ich packages were

sen t direct to their destin ation s by mail when ever a suffi cien t quan

tity for box Sh ipmen ts had n ot accumulated when the regular

mon thly con signmen ts were forwarded.

E xchan ge relation s were resumed w ith Rouman ia durin g the year

the In stitutul Meteo ro logic Cen tral at Buch arest actin g as th e Offi c ialRouman ian exchan ge bureau . Con dition s in Russ ia an d Turkey hadn ot sufficien tly improved at the clo se o f th e year to warran t the

establishmen t o f official exchan ge bureaus in those coun tries,but

the In stitution has arran ged with the American Frien ds S erviceCommittee to forward to Russia the large accumulatio n o f exchan gematerial fo r correspo n den ts in that coun try. Seven ty boxes werethus forwarded to Russia durin g the. year . T he S tate Library(R iigiraamatukogu), Reval, was design ated as the exchan ge agen cy

fo r E sthon ia .

There were sen t to depositories abroad durin g the year 5 7 full

sets Of Un ited S tates Official documen ts an d 3 8 partial sets,an d the

Co n gression al Record was exchan ged with 44 establishmen ts abroad .

NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK .

T he actual n umber o f an imals on exh ibitio n at the close o f the

year was greater than in an y previous year, an d the scien tific valueo f the collection is greater than ever before . For the fourth suc

cessive year the n umber o f visitors to the park h as exceededan d its value in n atural h istory in structio n is again Shown by the

fact that 171 sch oo ls,classes

,an d other organ ization s visited the park

durin g the year, with a total Of in dividuals. Frien ds o f the

park have been even more than usually gen erous in presen tin gan imals, 266 specimen s havin g been thus added durin g the year.

Of special in terest amon g these may be men tion ed a n umber Of

desirable an imals presen ted by Mr. Victor J. E van s,in cludin g

specimen s o f the frog -mouth an d New Guin ea fruit pigeon ; valuablecollection s o f South American an imals con tributed by H on . Hen ry D .

Baker an d Mr . William J. LaVarre ; a co llection o f an imals presen ted by Mr. Gordon MacCreagh , in cludin g the rare red ouakari~

mon key an d the matamata turtle ; an d a n umber Of in terestin gan imals from southern Mexico co llected by Dr . William M . Man n .

A t the close o f the year there were in the co llection s a to tal o fan imals

,an in crease o f 87 over the. previous year . Th is total

represen ts 498 differen t Species,in cludin g 1 84 species o f mammals ,

271 o f birds,an d 43 o f reptiles . There were born o r hatched in the

park durin g the year 80 mammals an d birds . wh ile the death rate

REPORT OF 23

has again been"

kept at a very low mark. S ixty six'

surplus mam

In als an d“ birds were Sen t away in exchan ge to other z oological

.

i

garden s, wh ich resulted in seciIrin g some very desirable specimen s

for the p ark.

Amon g the improvemen ts un dertaken during the year the super

inten den t’s report men tion s the complete recon struction o f the wo lfan d foxden s below th e sea - lion poo l, makin g the quarters for thesean imals much more comfortable an d san itary an d greatly improvedin appearan ce . The prin cipal con struction durin g the year . was

the con tin uation o f the gradin g Of the area left vacan t through th echan gin g o f the main automobile ro ad through the park . Here willsoon be available a large area o f flat groun d, on wh ich paddocks are

bein g completed for Rocky Moun tain go ats, red_deer, barasin gha

deer,an d Japan ese deer , In dian biIffalo es , tahr goats, aoudads , axis

_deer ,’

an d S imilar species . The outdoo r cages for rhesus an d‘

other

mon keys were all repaired, repairs to the ostrich in closure were

made,an d safety guards placed alon g the fen ce in fron t of the main

bear den s . The prin cipal n eeds Of the park, as en umerated by thesuperin ten den t, are a suitable restauran t buildin g , which h as beenurged fo r man y years , a n ew bird house to replace the o ld temporaryon e , wh ich is far too small an d in very bad con dition , an d the es

tab lishmen t o f a reason able fun d t o en able the park to g rasp theoccasion al opportun ities Offered to secure rare an d desirable a n imalsw h ich otherwise it is impossible

'to obtain .

ASTROPHYSICAL O BSERVATORY.

T he Observatory n ow Occupies a n umber Of frame structures south

o f the Smithson ian Buildin g , at Wash in gton ; a cemen t Ob servIn gstation an d frame cottage for Observers on Moun t

an Observin g station at Mon tezuma, Ch ile ; an d a n ew Observin gstation on Moun t Harqua Hala

,Ariz . the. last erected . from

,

fun dsdon ated for the purpose by Mr. John A . Roeblin g , o f New Jersey.

At Wash in gton n o observation s Were attempted, but as much timeas possible was devoted to computatio n s n ecessary to the fo llowin g :

(1 ) T he search f or . systematic errors in th e w ork Of Moun t H arqua H ala ,

Ariz ., an d th e application of carefull y determin ed correction s there to .

(2) T h e pub lication of a compar ison Of two years Of ob servation s at Moun t

Harqua H ala , Ariz an d Moun t Mon tezuma , Ch ile .

(3 ) T h e preparation of a n ew set of curves for use from Jan uaryin th e Short meth od of solar con stan t determin ation at Mon tezuma , Ch ile .

(4) T he search f or systematic errors an d th e application o f carefully de

termin ed correction s to' Mon tezuma results on the n eW'

b asis .

‘

z

(5 ) T he reduction s of Ob servation s made at Moun t Wilson in 1922 on -th e

form of th e solar.

Spectrum en ergy cury el

an d on . th e Spectrum en ergy . curves

o f 10 of th e b righter stars .


Th is large computin g program has resulted in puttin g the two

station s o n an equal footin g In every possible way.

A t Moun t Wilson the directo r an d Mr. Aldrich redetermined thefOIm Of the so lar Spectrum en ergy cuIve

, varyin g the pro cedure as

far as possible so as to get seveI al in depen den t checks on th e results .

They also accomplished the difficult task o f the observation Of theprismatic en ergy Spectrum o f 10 o f the brighter stars in the focus

o f the 100 - in ch reflector on Moun t Wilson . The results o f both

o f th ese research es were publish ed in the Smith son ian Miscellan eousCo llection s

,vo lume 74, No . 7, 1923 .

The two observin g station s at Moun t Harqua Hala,Ariz .

, an d

Moun t Mon tezuma,Ch ile

,have con tin ued in operation through out

the year , an d th e results h ave been very n umerous . They h ad n ot

been critically compared at the close Of the year.

The work on so lar radiation ,begun in 1903 , h as been steadily im

proved, un til with the con tin uous year-roun d occupation for two

years o f two fi rst- rate observin g station s the decisive test has beenmade , provin g the substan tial character o f so lar variation . In short

,

the director believes th at there is n o lon ger a reason able doubt thatthe sun varies or th at the observation s can reveal these variation ssatisfactorily. It is n ow a question for meteoro logists whether thesevariation s are o f importan ce in weather forecastin g .

Just after the close o f th e fiscal year some prelimin ary Observation s were made on ch an ges in th e appearan ce o f the sun accompan yin g ch an ges in the output o f radiation . Two years o f recordprin ts from direct photographs an d spectroheliograms o f the sun

made at the Moun t Wilson So lar Observatory were compared withthe correspon din g two -

year records'

o f solar radiation, an d th ere

were established four gen eral rules or prin ciples con n ectin g the

so lar radiation with the sun ’s visible appearan ce .

INTERNATIONAL CATALOGUE OF SCIENTIFIC LIT

ERATURE .

In the report o f the Region al Bureau of the In tern ation al Ca talogue o f S cien tific Literature f or 1922 atten tion was called to an

in tern ation al con ven tion to be held at Brussels durin g July, 1922,to con sider the affairs o f the catalogue an d to the proposals to besubmitted by the Smith son ian In stitution . It is satisfactory to b eable to report th at at th is con ven tion these proposals formed thebasis o f the reso lution whereby all the coun tries represen ted agree

dto keep alive the various region al bureaus un til in tern ation al affairswould allow reorgan ization an d resumption o f publication .

Thereappears to be n o question o f the n eed o f an in tern ation al bibliography o f scien ce an d Of in tern ation al cooperation in its pro

REPORT OF TH E S ECRETARY.

“

duction ; therefore as the Intern ational Catalogue o f Sc ien tific L'it

e rature is the on ly such Organ izati on in existen ce it is the logical

foundati on On wh ich to base‘ future operation s, wh ether these opera

tion s are to be a ided through p rivate en dowmen ts or official

guaran tees .

NECROLOGY

ALExANDER GRAHAM RELL.

Alexan der Graham Bell, a regen t o f the Smithson ian In stitution

f rom 1898 to 1 922, died at his summer home in Nova . Scotia on

August 2, 1 922. Doctor Bell, best, kn own for h i s In ven tion o f the

teleph on e , was I born in E din burgh , Scotlan d, in 1847, an d was

e ducated at E din burgh an d Lon don un iversities. H e later receivedman y hon orary degrees from un iversities in th is coun try an d

.

abroad.

A paten t was gran ted on March 17,1 876

,fo r his in ven tion I o f the

telephone, an d in 1 883 , with C . A . Bell an d Sumn er Tain tor , he inven ted the graphoph on e . H is many other n otable in ven tion s forthe ben efit Of man kin d in clude the ph otophon e, induction balan ce ,an d telephon e probe for pain less detection o f bullets in th e human

body.

-H e was deeply in terested in the subject o f‘

deafn ess an d its correc

t ion , an d foun ded an d en dowed in 1887 the Volta Bureau for th ein crease o f kn owledge relatin g to the deaf. H e was the auth or

'

o f

man y scien tific an d education al mon ograph s .

Doctor Bell occupied a promin en t place In the affai rs o f the

Smithson ian In stitutiOIi durin g the 24 years o f h is membersh ip on

the board Of regen ts , servin g con tin uously from the time o f his

appo in tmen t to the board as a member o f its executive committee .

Th e loss o f h is active in terest an d soun d advice will be deeplyf elt by the in stitution .

JOH N BROOKS H ENDERSON .

John Brooks Hen derson ,regen t o f the Smith son ian In stitution

S in ce 1911 , died Jan uary at the age o f 5 3 . Mr . Hen derson

was early attracted to scien tific work an d shortly after his graduationfrom Harvard un dertook his first expedition to the West In dies in

quest o f lan d mollusks . These , t ogether with marin e mo llusks , hemade‘

his Special study, an d in the course Of h is work he made man y

co llecting trips to the greater an d lesser An tilles . H is first paper on

mo llusks was published in 1894, an d in the succeedin g years h is con

tribution s on th is subject appeared in various journ als an d in the

publication s o f the Un ited States Nation al Museum. A S a result o fh is expedition s man y th ousan ds of valuable specimen s have beena dded to th e museum collectio n s.

26 ANNUAL REPORT SMITH SONIAN INSTITUTION,1923 .

A s a regen t o f the in stitution , Mr . Hen derson took a keen an d

active in terest in all its affairs . Durin g the year precedin g h isdeath he served on the executive committee o f the board o f regen ts .

H ENRY N . SPOTT SWOOD.

Hen ry N. Spottswo od , employed by the in stitution in variouscapacities sin ce 1889, died on December Comin g to the

in stitution as copyist in the Nation al Museum an d promoted throughvarious grades to clerk in the in tern ation al exchan ge service

,Mr

Spottswood served the in stitutio n efficien tly for over 3 3 years .

Respectfully submitted .

CH ARLE S D . S ecretary .

REPORT ON TH E UNITED STATE S NATIONAL MUSEUM .

“ S IR : I have the hon or to submit the fo llowmg report on the operation s o f the Un ited States Nation al Museum for the fiscal year en din gJun e 3 0

,1923 .

Much has been accomplished th is year . alon g lo n g - established lin esOf en deavor. Without in creased fin an cial resources to ; grasp . the

man y opportun ities. for widen in g the scope o f the exh ibits an d o f

their usefuln ess to the public , efforts were main ly con cen trated on

fillin g gaps in existin g co llection s an d on in creasin g their value an d

usefuln ess through classification an d arran gemen t,the two primary

Objects o f the Museum as given in the fun damen tal act. The

Museum has co n tin ued,as

,in the past, to be

.

greatly aided in th iswork. by wo rkers in other governmen tal departmen ts . For in stan ce ,the Museum pays fo r the Services Of but three person s in con n ectionwith . the vast in sect co llectioII. However

,this co llection has h ad

durin g the year most o f the time o f 1 5 en tomo logists an d'

a fi uctuat- I

in g n umber o f preparators— usually abo ut 25 perso n s in all. Withso man y workers great progress has been made in studyin g an d

arrangin g th e collection . Here , as elsewh ere in the Museum,prog

ress was retarded to a certain exten t by lack Of Supplies , wh ich theMuseum is un able to furn ish with its very limited main ten an ce fun d.

The organ ization o f the Museum has been but slightly chan ged.

In August, 1922, the Old co llection s o f an imal an d vegetable productswere combin ed “

in a n ew section o f organ ic chemistry in the de

partmen t o f arts an d in dustries , an d an aid for that section was

added to the scien tific staff.

An exchan ge o f co llect io n s was made between two divisi on s Of theMuseum on July 1 , 1922, by wh ich the division o f h istory took overthe custody Of the small arms collection in the n orthwest court

o f the Arts an d In dustries Buildin g , wh ich has been built up by thedivision o f mechan ical techn o logy, an d the latter relieved th e diviSion o f h isto ry Of the aircraft co llection exh ib ited in the AircraftBuildin g .

Great difficulty has been experien ced In main tain in g the quota Of

watchmen n ecessary for guardin g the buildin gs. The con dition s undiet wh ich the watchmen are required to work here are

'

more on erous

an d exactin g th an in an y other bureau o f the Governmen t . With

the fun ds at presen t available it has n ot been possible , .especially27

28 AN NUAL REPORT SMITH SONIAN iN ST IT UT ION ,1923 .

S in ce the Natural History Buildin g has been Open ed on Sun days , to

gran t the watchmen time Off in lieu o f Sun days an d ho lidays . Th is

is don e in some o f the Governmen t departmen ts an d every effort is

bein g made to secure the addition al fun ds n eeded to make the watch

service in the Museum as attractive as elsewhere .

The Museum has , however, been fortun ate in bein g able to ‘keeptogether most Of its train ed workers on the scien tific staff. In a

n umber o f in stan ces th is has been po ssible on ly because o f the devo

tion o f the person s an d their w illin gn ess to accept employmen t in

what should be their leisure hours , in order to meet th eir curren t

expen ses. Th is spirit o f loyalty an d devotion to the Museum is

appreciated .

A better era is an ticipated. Noth in g in the past h as h ad a more

vital relation to the work o f th e Museum th an the en actmen t by Con

gres s , o n March 4

,1923

,o f the classificatio n act o f 1923 , for a more

adequate pay schedule for the civilian employees o f the Governmen t,w ith provision s for equal pay for equal services regardless o f the

departmen t in wh ich the service is ren dered . Th is reclassification

becomes effective on July 1 , 1924, before wh ich date much prelimin arywork has to be completed. T he writer was appo in ted liaison Officer

for the Governmen t bureaus un der the in stitution . Ten tative alloca

tion s o f all the po sition s un der the in stitution were made durin g thelatter part o f the year an d submitted to the person n el classificatio n

bo ard created to care for the matter .

T he year just closed was the secon d un der t he operatic-n o f the

Budget system o f estimates an d appropriation s,an d n ecessarily ih

vo lved chan ges In man y methods Of plan n in g an d keepin g accoun ts .

Operatin g as it h as h ad to do on practically the same appropriation sfor the past 10 o r 1 5 years , the Museum has diffi culty In makin g en dsmeet

,an d it is on ly by rigid econ omy an d by the omission o f man y

th in gs th at should b e don e that the year en ds without a deficit .

The fun ction o f the Nation al Museum as the depo sitory o f the col

lection s belon gin g to the Un ited S tates is bein g recogn ized more an d

more,resultin g, n ear the clo se o f th e fiscal year , in th e tran sfer to

the Museum by the Treasury Departmen t o f the en tire co llection o f

n umismatic materials wh ich the Governmen t,up to a few years ago ,

exh ibited at the Un ited States Min t in Ph iladelph ia . Co n gress alsoreaffi rmed th is fun ction Of the Museum in acceptin g the swo rd o f

Maj . Gen . Richard Mon tgomery Of‘

the Co n tin en tal Army, given to

the Nation by Miss Julia Barton Hun t, by directin g that -it be

depo sited in the Natio n al Museum.

A t the an n ual meetin g o f the American Associatio n o f Museumsin Charleston in April

,1923

,the fin an cial prospects were such that

arran gemen ts were made f or the establishmen t o f headquarters inthe Nation al Capital

,with a salaried director an d secretary, Pro f.


on the first floor, an d tin gutters Of roo f, an d th e replacin g o f worn

Out down spouts . T he water table outside th is buildi n g an d th e ro ad

ways o n the south , east, an d west sides o f it were repaired. Meas

uremen ts made th is year Show th at the movemen t o f the keyston es o f

the ston e arches in the rotun da h as been but very Slight. Observa

tion s an d measuremen ts will, however, con tin ue to be made at in ter

vals o f a few mon th s. T he mo st. importan t item in the Smith son ian

Buildin g was the repairin g o f a broken metal fin ial o n top o f the

tower at the n orthwest co rn er o f the main buildin g .

Through the courtesy o f the Commission ers o f the District o f

Columbia an d the cooperation o f the fi re departmen t,’

the exterio r

walls o f the Natural History Buildin g were thorough ly washed inAugust, 1922, materially improvin g the appearan ce o f th e buildin g .

In attemptin g to get water fo r th is purpo se , the fi re departmen t dis

covered that all o f the fi re hydran ts in the Smithson ian Park werein bad con dition an d o f an an tiquated type , leavin g the buildin gs

practically un protected in case Of fi re . T he District Commiss ioners

called the atten tion o f the In stitution to the n ecessity o f in stallin gn ew hydran ts an d o f addin g to their n umber . A n estimate to cover

the in stallation o f four n ew fi re plugs in the Smithson ian Parkwas in cluded in the estimates submitted by th e In stitution to the

Bureau o f the Budget in S eptember, 1922. T h e estimate failedto receive favorable action , but w ill be again submitted for co n sid

eration . T he fi re plugs in all the buildin gs an d th e fi re h o se are

tested regularly.

A s usual,th e power plan t was n ot Operated durin g th e summer ,

a commercial compan y supplyin g the light an d power required.

Wh ile the plan t was shut down th e Old feed -water heater,wh ich

h ad been in use ever S in ce the plan t was first put in operation,was

replaced by a n ew Coch ran Open feed -water heater an d meter ,

e ffectin g a marked savin g in th e con sumptio n o f fuel. Durin g the

year ton s Of bitumin ous an d to n s o f stove co al were con

sumed . Heat was supplied the buildin gs in the Smith son ian group ,in cludin g the Freer Buildin g ,

‘from October 9, 1922, un til May 19,

1923 . T he total electric curren t gen erated was kilowatth ours . T he electric load was greatly in creased by th e open in g o f the

Freer Buildin g to the public , n ear th e c lose o f th e year , so th at o n

dark an d cloudy days it is greater th an can be safely carried on

the cables leadin g in to the Natural History Buildin g from the lin esOf the Potomac E lectric Power CO. Addition al cables will h ave to bein stalled to take care o f th is in crease . The ven tilation plan t in theFreer Buildin g was Operated in the usual man n er durin g the win teran d up to the time the buildin g was open ed to the public

,S in ce

wh ich time the Speed o f the fan s h as been materially in creased, toprovide the addition al air n ecessary for properly ven tilatin g the

REPORT or TH E sECRE TARY.

galleries. The result Obtain ed by th e system h as been more satis

factory than was an ticipated. Wh ile the temperature o f the gal

leries hasbeen somewh at h igh on extremely hot days , the circula

tion o f air Was suflicien t to produce the n ecessary coo lin g effect in

spite o f the fact that n o help was gain ed from the a ir washers .

The Ice mach in e In the Natural History Buildin g produced 279.6

ton s o f Ice . The plan t is gradually growin g less effi c ien t from year

to year. A n item coverin g the purchase o f a n ew Ice mach in e

was in c luded in the estimates for appropriation s submitted to the

Bureau -Of the Budg et.COLLECT IONS .

T he'

total n umber o f Specimen s acquired by the Museum durin gthe year was approximately 217 about 60 per cen t as man y as

received durin g th e precedin g year . The value o f the yearly incremen t can not , however, be appraised from n umbers only. Man y o f

th e acquisition s th is year are exception ally valuable,eith er sci en

tifically, as types and as represen tatives o f n ew species an d new

localities,or because o f great in trin sic worth . Addition al material

to the exten t o f lots,main ly geo logical, was received durin g th

year f or special examin ation an d report, a service o f Wh ich the

practical value was demon strated durin g th e World War .

The distribution o f duplicates,main ly to Sch ools an d co lleges fo i

educational purposes , aggregated specimen s properly Classifiedan d labeled an d 100 poun ds o f material suitable for blow- pip

‘

e

an alysis . These distribution swere about equallyI divided between

the regular sets o f specimen s previously prepared for Sh ipmen t an d

those Specially selected to meet particular n eeds . Nearlyduplicate Specimen s

,main ly botan ical an d geo logical,were sen t out

in exchan ge , in return for wh ich much desirable material was re

ceived . Over spec imen s were len t to specialists for study on

beh alf o f the Museum an d otherw ise .

A n throp o logy.— In an thropo logy th e more importan t addition s

were a carved ston e figure from the Makah In dian s , Sh owin g a

mastery o f expression by the artist,casts o f the La Quin a an d Ober

cassel skulls an d Skeleton ; a n otewOrthy Ch in ese h arvest bell o f giltbron ze

,a superior ston e co llar from Porto Rico ; a series o f archeo

logical spec imen s from Haiti ; an ethn o logical cOllection from For

mosa an an cien t ston e pipe from Ken tucky with remarkable in ciseddecoration s ; an d casts o f the busts o f the h eretic Ph araoh , Amen o

ph is IV an d his -queen , an d a statuette o f the latter .

Bio logy— Wh ile the n umber o f bio logical spec imen s received dur

ing th e past fiscal year-f alls short o f that,

o f some o f the previous

years, there is n o cause for alarm,as th e scien tific. value of the co l

ANNUAL REPORT SMITH SONIAN INSTITUTION , 1923 .

lection s compares favorably with an d probably exceeds that o f theaverage .

N0 sin gle co llection stan ds out promin en tly, except perhaps theE vezard collectio n o f recen t mo llusks , wh ich was purch ased an d pre

sen ted to the Museum by the late John B. Hen derso n . An other co l

lectio n o f great sc ien tific in terest is the series o f Opalin id ciliatein fuso rian s prepared by Pro fessor Mayn ard M . Metcalf, o f Oberlin ,

Oh io , wh ich fo rms the bas is o f his mon ograph published durin g the

year by the Museum as its Bulletin No . 120 . T he mo st Sign ifican tfeature o f the year

’s accessio n s is th e fact that some o f the mo re im

po rtan t o n es are from Ch in a , as a result o f deliberate e ffo rts at

improvin g systematically the study material from the palearcticregion ,

wh ich is o f such a fun damen tal impo rtan ce fo r a full un derstan din g o f our North American faun a.

This ten den cy toward a more co n scious developmen t o f the weakportio n s o f our co llectio n s was made po ss ible by the exploration sn ow o n the way in Ch in a un dertaken by frien ds o f th e Museum

, such

as Mr. Charles M . Hoy’s trip fin an ced by Dr. W. L . Abbott, an d Mr.

A . de C . S owerby’s by C0 1. Robert S . Clark. R ev. D . C . Graham’s

explo ration s in the Provin ce o f Szechuen were also fruitful o f scientifi cally valuable material

,wh ile an expedition recen tly sen t in to the

field by the Natio n al Geograph ic S ociety un der th e leadersh ip o f Mr .

Frederick R . Wulsin ho lds great promise fo r the future . Man y im

po rtan t gaps in our S outh American co llectio n s were also filled byDr. Hugh M. Smith as a result o f h is expeditio n to

.Uruguay. Dr.

W. L. Abbott’s visit to the Domin ican Republic added materiallyto our botan ical an d herpeto logical series . Secretary Walcott’s ex

ploration s in the Can adian Rockies , as well as Dr. Paul Bartsch’strip to the West In dies , an d that o f Dr . Leo n hard S tejn eger to th eComman der Islan ds were also productive of desirable material. T he

b otan ical expedition to Co lombia by Dr . F . W. Pen n ell an d Mr.

E llswo rth P. Killip , un dertaken in cooperation with the Ph iladelph ia Academy o f Natural S cien ces , the New York Botan icalGarden

,an d the Gray Herbarium o f Harvard Un iversity, brought

home o n e o f the largest an d most importan t plan t co llectio n s ever

ob tain ed in th at coun try. Dr . William R . Maxon had n ot return ed

from Cen tral America at the en d o f the fiscal year .

T he Australian mammal exh ibit has been further stren gthen ed by

the additio n o f several Spec ies,an d a Malay tapir was in corpo rated

in the o rien tal region exh ibit . Several other large mammals werelikewise moun ted an d placed o n exh ibition

,amon g wh ich the go rilla

moun ted by Brown an d A schemeier from a specimen Co llected by thelatter a few years ago wh ile attached to the Co llin s -Garn er E xpedi

tion to Fren ch Co n go , deserves special men tion . Good progress

REPORT OF T H E S ECRETARY, 3 3

was Tn ade in the“

arran gemen t an d cataloguin g o f the study . serIeS,

wh ich are described as in excellen t con dition .

r T he research wo rk o f the staff has con tin ued un abated an d severalimportan t man uscripts were e ught to a close or n early. fin isheddurin g the year . A large n umber o f “

smaller papers were publishedas a result o f the ye ar

’s work

,but the great majority o f th e published

I esults date farth er back, partly due to the difficulties in obtain in gspeedy publication ,

partly because their preparation exten ds over a

period o f years . Some very impo rtan t systematic works don e byscien tists n ot members o f the staff

, but based on Museum material ,were published durin g th e year as . Bulletin s No . 100

,vo l . 5

,an d

NOS .. 120 an d 123 .

.Loan s o f specimen s to scien tific in stitution s an d In dividual in vesti a

gators h ave been made on the usual liberal scale. Duplicates distributed to h igh schoo ls

,co lleges , in stitutio n s , etc .

,aggregated 3 ,5 45

specimen s,o f Wh ich 1 ,490 con sisted o f mo llusks In 10 prepa

red sets

an d 608 fishes in 8 sets . Exchan ges to the n umber o f were

sen t out,o f wh ich 2

,491 were zoo logical an d botan ical

T he total n umber o f Spec imen s o f an imals an d plan ts n ow in the

n ation al co llection Is estimated to exceed o f wh ichare plan ts

.

Geo logy— Although accessl on s in t he departmen t o f "geo logy are

smaller in n umber than in the year previous , a Con s iderable in creasein in dividual specimen s an d in their scien tific value is to be n oted .

The -paleon to logical co llection o f the late Ores'

tes St . J Ohm-

con sistin g prin cipally o f fossil. fishes, man y o f th em types , adds materialof in calculable value to the specialist who may take up the study of

th is group, an d'

Dr . Fran k Sprin ger who made. th is don ation , hasearn ed the than ks o f future workers in thus placin g it where it willalways be available . An other most n otable accession is the res idaary portion o f the co llection o f the late R . D . .Lacoe

,o f Pittston

,Pa .

,

presen ted by his heirs . Th is is estimated to con tain n ot less than

specimen s , main ly f oss il plan ts , with some in vertebrates an d .

vertebrates,from man y localities in th is an d foreign coun tries , an d

from various geo logical horizo n s . Supplemen tin g the co llection is

Mr . Laco e’s paleon to logical library compri sin g , it is estimated,at

least 2,000 vo lumes an d an equal n umber o f pamph lets Mrs . Co on

ley -Ward gen erously don ated the res iduary portion o f the meteoriteco llection o f her husban d

,the late Pro f. H . A . Ward . .

Th is is o f

value n ot so much in addin g n ew meteorites,as in furn ish in gmate

rial'

for study an d exchan ge . Th irteen.

additio n al accessio n s o f

meteorites,mo stly n ew to the co llection s

,are . reco rded

,received

ch iefly through exchan ges .


Con tin ued activities o f Mr . Victor C . Heikes have resulted in the

acquisitio n o f the most in terestin g o f the recen t addition s to the

econ omic co llection s .

T he division o f m in eralogy h as ben efited largely through ex

chan ges . A mo st importan t acquisition is a portion o f a largebowlder o f j ade received from Co l . W . B . Thompso n ,

an d an un

usually fi n e specimen o f crystallized desclo izite from southwest

Africa,acquired through Ward’s Natural S cien ce E stablishmen t.

Other exchan ges resulted in addin g upward o f 60 spec ies n ew to

the co llection . Several cut gems o f un usual quality an d size werepurchased through the Chamberlain en dowmen t fun d.

T he con tin ued acquisition o f foreign paleon to logical material is

to be n oted. Ch ief amon g the co n tributo rs are Dr. E . O. Ulrich,

who made collection s in n o rthern Europe ; Mr . S tephen R . Capps ,in Palestin e ; various o il compan ies an d private co llecto rs in Mexico ,Cen tral an d S outh America ; Mr . E dwin A . Walford

, o f Ban bury,E n glan d ; an d various un iversities an d in stitution s in E urope .

Research wo rk has formed an impo rtan t part o f the departmen t’s

activities durin g the year , an d assistan ce has been furn ished to .

n umerous sch ools an d studen ts,ch iefly through the distribution o f

materials n eeded in their studies . T he records Show that 81 education al in stitutio n s

,ch iefly high Schoo ls an d small co lleges , have been

given such assistan ce .

T ex tiles,w o od; techn o logy, organ ic chemistry, foods , an d medi

cin e — T he co llectio n s un der the supervisio n o f the curator o f tex

tiles,wh ich

,bes ides textiles

,embrace wood tech n ology, foods , organ ic

chemistry, an d medicin e , were in creased by man y gifts an d bytran sfer an d loan o f

' property from o ther Governmen t bureaus ,amoun tin g to over Objects . T he most impo rtan t o f these are

as fo llows :A large series o f specimen s o f pyralin ,

bakelite,co n den site , an d

cellulose acetate,Showin g the man ufacture an d use o f these products

of modern chemical in dustry as substitutes for such n atural raw

materials as ivory, bon e , horn ,torto ise Shell

,amber

, etc .,the sup

plies o f wh ich are growin g scarcer every year ; an d a set Of pn eumatic bicycle tires made in 1891 an d believed to belon g to on e o f

the earliest types used. There were added by gift beautiful specimen s o f s ilks

,woo len fabrics

,an d mohair upho lstery textiles con

tributed by American man ufacturers to Show the progress o f textilein dustries in th is coun try.

T o the co llection s arran ged to Show the importan ce o f wood an d

the in dustries based upon the use o f that raw material,there were

added won derfully well pre served specimen s o f the an cien t cypresswood brought to the surface durin g the excavation for the foun dation an d basemen t o f the n ew Walker Hotel

,Wash in gton , an d b e

REPORT OF,TH E S ECRE TARII. 3 5

lie‘

ved to be .over years old ; an exh ib it showin g the man ufacture o f do -uble - tipped matches , andan other po in tin g out the ravages

of the wh ite pin e blister rust an d methods fo r its con tro l.The collection s In the division o f medicin e were en larged by a

large co llection o f Italian ho spital Supplies o f the type used in the:Wo rld War an d carried as field equipmen t by the Italian tro ops ;specimen s Showin g the u se o f chauhn oOgra o il derivatives in the

treatmen t o f leprosy in the leper settlemen t o f Mo lokai,Hawaii ;

several an cien t surgical in strumen ts an d medical man uscripts ; an da portrait In o il o f Dr . Crawford W. Lon gMmeral an d Mechan ical T echn o logy.

—T hedivision s Of min eralan d mechanical techn o logy had,

the experien ce o f addin g more objectsto their co llection s with in the yeai than in an y sin gle year sin cetheir in ception an d almo st who lly as a result o f their own efforts .

Practically every sectio n with in the division s sh ared in th is in cremen t

,but ch iefly the sectio n s devoted to mechan ical commun ication ,

gen eral mechan ical engin eerin g , coal—products . in dustries , lan d tran s

po rtation ,an d aerial tran sportation .

‘

T he objects acquired for thesection o f commun ication will n ow make it po ssible to visualize thedevelopmen ts o f methods o f commun ication from those o f smoke an d

fi re to those o f wireless telegI aphy, w ith all of the essen tial in termediate step

'

s . T o the mechan ical en gin eerin g collection th ere wasadded a series o f models made In the division s’workshops illustratin gmechan ical prin ciples an d the fun damen tal elemen ts an d devicesused in mach in es . The subject is by n o mean s covered by th isseries , wh ich represen ts simply the begin n in g o f a n ew activitypo ssessin g valuable education al possibilities . T o the coal productsin dustries section th ere was added .a model illustratin g the manu

facture o f coal gas an d carburetted water gas . With_th is additionthe division s have covered fa irly completely, the f uel situation b othin the h ome an d in in dustry. In other section s o f the division s the

addition s to the co llection s ten d toward a roundin g out o f in dividualsubjects Thus there were added several models o f aircraft ; a locomotive model ; a boat model

,an d an automobile . The electrical

en gin eerin g co llection s were en han ced by a,workin g model o f the

'

Ford automobile ign ition System wh ich admirably illustrates. the

prin c iple o f in duction as applied to electric curren t gen eration , a

p I in cip le wh ich Joseph Hen ry in depen den tly observed an d an

n oun ced about the same time as the accredited discoverer , Faraday.

The division s’cooperative educatio n al WOIk, particularly that with

the State o f Pen n sylvan ia , became more firmly established throughthe preparation by Mr . S S . Wyer , associate in min eral techn o logy,o f the book “ T he SmithSon ian In stitution ’s S tudy o f Natural Resources Applied to Pen n sylvan ia’s Resources .

”Copies Of the bo ok

were distributed free to schoo l teachers throughout Pen n sylvan ia


design ated by the board o f education an d used in certain fittin gcourses o f the grade scho o ls . On e o f the in te restin g reaction s re »

sultin g from th is wo rk was the ass istan ce ren dered by Mr . Wyer to

the city o f E rie , Pa . ,in an in ten sive education al campaign organ ized

by the local ch amber o f commerce in an en deavo r to con serve th e

city’s n atural gas supply, wh ich is rapidly declin in g , due largely to

preven table wastage .

G raphic A ria— The Specimen s assign ed to th is divisioncovered a w ide ran ge , materially exceeded in n umber tho se rece ivedthe precedin g year , an d brough t the to tal n umber o f specimen s in

the division up to Almost the begin n in g an d the latest developmen t o f type compo sitio n were represen ted in the year

’s acces

s io n s by a lea f o f the Guten berg Bible , on e o f the. first books to be

prin ted from movable type , an d examples o f th e mon otype system

o f composin g an d castin g justified lin es o f sin gle type . Other im

portan t acquisitio n s in cluded a n ewspaper exh ibit ; specimen s o f

bo okbin din g ; a un itype typesettin g mach in e ; wo od-block prin ts an d

etch in gs by Helen Hyde ; 5 0 proo fs o f etch in gs , aquatin ts,wood

block prin ts,lithographs , etc .

,the gift o f 24 co n temporary artists ;

Wo odville Lath am’s mo tion -

picture pro jector o f 1895 ; n o table additio n s o f pictorial ph otograph ic prin ts an d co lor collectio n s in photography ; an d man y additio n s supplemen tin g an d completin g ex

istin g exh ib its .

S even lo an exh ibits,fi ve in the graph ic arts h alls an d two in the

gallery devoted to the pho tograph ic section,brought the Museum

co llection s in these lin es promin en tly before the lo cal an d visitin gpublic . T

'

wo co llection s o f picto rial photograph s were len t for exhi

b ition elsewh ere an d, in furtherin g publicity outside o f Wash in gton ,two travelin g exh ibits o f about 100 specimen s each were preparedillustratin g the prin cipal pro cesse s o f the graph ic arts . T he first o fthese was shown in seven differen t cities an d the secon d

,prepared

later in the year , was exh ibited o n ly in on e city.

H S tory— Durin g the past fiscal year the h istorical co llection s re

ceived,in addition to the n o rmal in crease alon g th is lin e , two acces

s ion s o f un usual S ize an d importan ce an d o n e o f un paralleled intrin s ic an d scien tific value . T he first o f these in cludes the largeaggregatio n o f an tiquarian ,

co stume mil itary, n aval , an d miscella

n eous materials co llected by Mrs . J n h an James durin g a lo n g periodfor deposit in the Nation al Museum

,wh ich by the terms o f her will

have n ow become the perman en t property o f the In stitution . Th iscollection has already been described in previous reports

,but its

perman en t acquiremen t bv the Museum is wo rthy o f special n o te .

T he secon d accessio n o f un usual sign ifican ce is a large co llection o f

h istorical military materials deposited in the Museum by the Military S ervice In stitution . The co llection was assembled by th is

3 8 ANNUAL REPORT SMITH SONIAN INSTITUTION ,1923 .

n ative faun a,especially th at o f the vertebrates, that with in a com

paratively Short time North America,from a taxon omic po in t o f

view ,was better explored an d better kn own th an an y other part o f

the world,E urope itself n ot excepted. A t the time these in ten sive

studies began North America was regarded as on e o f th e primary

zo ogeograph ical division s o f the world , coequal w ith S outh America ,the o rien tal regio n ,

Africa,an d the Europe -No rth Asian regio n , also

kn own as the palearctic region . Later on con siderable co llection sfrom the Pac ific coasts o f n orthern Asia an d from E urope foun dtheir way in to the Nation al Museum. It was then seen that the

No rth American faun a , at least that part wh ich o ccupied the mo re

temperate po rtion s o f the con tin en t n orthward, is mo st closely re

lated to the palearctic faun a o f temperate Asia an d n orthward , an dit was realized that the domin an t con stituen cy o f the North American faun a actually had its origin in the Old World. Here then is a

who le series o f clo sely related problems seekin g so lution in Asia an d

E urope . T he c ircumstan ce that th e Un ited States Bio logical Sur

vey has gradually taken over to a great exten t the restricted No rthAmerican field for still more refin ed cultivation serves to stimulatethe in terest o f certain of the larger division s o f the Nation alMuseum in the palearctic regi on . T he Museum has already made a

good start in that direction . It h as excellen t co llection s in man y

lin es o f the palearctic faun a . Its co llection OflEuropean mammalsis on e o f the most comprehen sive extan t. It h as excellen t series o f

birds, reptiles , an d batrach ian s from Japan ,Korea

,an d Kamchatka

in eastern Asia,besides a respectable represen tation in o th er classes.

It has also importan t material co llected by the Lyman -Ho llisterexpedition to the Altai r egion s ome years ago , an d the Koren -Averyexpeditio n to the mouth o f the Ko lyma .

It is,therefore

,w ith special gratification that atten tion is called to

the wo rk n ow in preparation an d partly in progress for the bio logicalexploratio n o f Ch in a in the in terest o f th e Nation al Museum. The

fi eld wo rk by Arthur de C . S owerby, the expen se o f wh ich is most

gen erously met by Robert S . Clark,wh ich was started in the fall

o f 1921,has co n tin ued durin g the presen t fiscal year , an d very ma

terial addition s to our vertebrate co llection s have already resulted.

Of equal sign ifican ce is the fact that Dr. W. L . Abbott,after th e

return o f Mr. Charles M. H oy from Australia , decided to sen d h im

to Ch in a to co llect for th e Museum. Mr . H oy departed fo r h is

n ew field o n December 1 5 , 1922. Thus far n o co llectio n s have beenreceived, due to difficulties o f tran sportatio n an d th e po litical situation wh ich has placed obstacles in th e way o f reach in g the fin aldestin atio n , but recen t letters in dicate that we may so on see tan gibleresults o f h is efforts .

. REPORT OF TH E SECRETARY.

A third expedition in Ch in a,from wh ich the Natio n al Museum is

expected to derive great ben efi t, ' is that o f“

the Nation al 'Geograph ic

Society, un der the leadersh ip o f Mr . Frederick R . Wulsin wh o is

a lready in the field ;In th is con n ection should be men tion ed the activities o f R ev . D . C .

G raham,who

,located at Suifu in the Provin ce o f S zechuen , Ch in a,

un dertook an expedition to Moun t ,Omei,from wh ich the Museumre

ceived very importan t co llection s , especially in sects , birds , an d rep

tiles. H e is plan n in g to make an expeditio n to Tatsien lu, an d poss ibly to Mupin ,

durin g the presen t summer , both l ocalities o f great

zoo logical in terest.

Dr . W.

'

L. Abbott revisited the Domin ican Republic in Februaryan d March

,1923

,con tin uin g his

'

bio logical explo ration s o f recen t

years . A s his permit to collect -bird'

s was delayed un til he was aboutto leave the Coun try he on ly obtain ed the Skin o f on e bird an d savedits body in alcoho l. H is co llection s of reptiles an d amph ibian s,h owever ,were h igh ly impo rtan t, obtain in g as he did a n ew species

Of frog , recen tly described by_Miss Cochran as Lep todactylus abbotti

from the Specimen collected by him. It is n early related to the on e

from Porto Rico an d e stablish s th e genus as on e defin itely belon gin g

' to the An tillean faun a lie also co llected about 600 plan ts inthe southern part

» o f the S aman a - A

’Pen in sula,wh ich will doubtless

prove as in terestin g as the previous co llection s Obtain ed in the same

region by Doctor Abbott, which have yielded a large n umber o f n ew

specIeS .

In con n ection with the heredity experImen tS con ducted by Dr .

Paul Bartsch , un der the jo in t auspices o f the Smith so n ian an d Carn e

gie In stitution s , it was foun d"

desirable to add several species o f

Cerion s in order to exh aust the apparen t possibilities that th is grouppresen ts. For that reaso n Doctor Bartsch visited Porto Rico in

May, obtain in g a large n umber o f specimen s o f the des ired Cerio n ,

as well as a large series o f additio n al Speci es . About speci

men s were added to the.Museum co llection as the result o f . the trip .

“ Dr . Hugh M. Smith , associate curato r in zoo logy, Spen t severalmon ths in South America, primarily fo r the study o f the fur—sea"

an d other fisheries o f Uruguay, durin g wh ich time he made exten siveco llect ion s for the Museum in all bran ches

,especially fish es , reptiles ,

an d marin e in vertebrates . H e sailed from New York on S eptember23

,1922

,return in g in Jan uary, 1923 . T he oppo rtun ity t o collect

in Brazil wh en the steamer stopped was improved, but th e mainco llection s were made in Uruguay, especially at the Lobos Islan ds .

T he co llection s form a mo st welcome addition to the Museum series,

wh ich were very deficien t in material from the region Visited .

Durin g the sprin g o f 1923 Mr . C . R . Aschemeier, on e o f the taxidermists , was given permission to accompan y Mr. A. H . Fisher o n an

40 ANNUAL REPORT SMITH SONIAN INSTITUTION , 1923 .

expedition to the lower Amazon River , Brazil , the un derstan din gbein g that Mr. A sch emeier Should devo te h is time to makin g co llec

tion s o f the vertebrates for the Natio n al Museum,with particular

referen ce to river do lph in s and seacows . H e left New York late in

A pril an d n o co llectio n s have been received as yet .

Dr. WilliamM. Man n,assistan t custodian ,

sectio n o f Hymen optera ,un dertook fo r the Departmen t o f Agriculture a trip to Mexico be

tween Jan uary 19 an d Jun e 7, 1923 , fo r the purpose o f co llectin g an d

studyin g certain fruit flies . A s far as possible gen eral co llection s o f

in sects were made an d some reptiles an d a few eth n o logical Specimen s

secured. The material has n o t as yet been accessio n ed, but eno ugh

is kn own o f it to prove its value , although ow in g to the extreme dryn ess o f the season co llectin g was very po or . From

.

Nogales he wen t

down the west coast o f Mexico as far as Tepic , makin g a 10 -day

side trip to Lower Califo rn ia in th e district between Loreto an d

lomon du. Afterwards the S tates o f Jalisco an d Co lima were visitedan d then a rath er hurried trip was made to the Isthmus o f T ehuan

tepec an d in Ch iapas as far as Tapachula . H e return ed by way o f

Lo redo,T ex .

S ecretary Charles D. Walcott’s expeditio n to the Can adian ‘Rockieswas productive o f valuable additio n ls to the mammal co llectio n ,

as

already men tion ed.

The bo tan ical exploratio n s durin g the year have added materiallyto the co llectio n s o f the Nation al Herbarium. Dr . W . L . Abbott’sVisit to the Domin ican Republic has already been men tion ed.

Mrs . Agn es Chase visited Europe fromMarch un til July, 1922, forthe purpo se o f studyin g the grass co llectio n s in the herbaria’

at

V ien n a, Mun ich , Floren ce , Pisa , Gen eva , Berlin , Leiden , Brussels ,Paris

,an d Lon do n ,

an d man y type Specimen s o f American grasse s

were examin ed. A large n umber Of valuable specimen s o f grasses

also was obtain ed for deposit in the Natio n al Herbarium,in cludin g

fragmen ts o f man y types an d duplicates o f early South Americanco llection s .

Dr. William R . Maxo n ,associate curator o f the division o f plan ts ,

left Wash in gton in May, 1923 , accompan yin g a party directed byMr. O. F . Cook , o f the Un ited States Departmen t o f Agriculture ,who se purpose is to in vestigate th e rubber resources o f Cen tralAmerica . A t the time o f preparatio n o f th is report th e party was inPan ama an d it was expected that two mon ths addition al would b espen t in Cen tral America .

Dr. A . S . Hitchcock, custodian o f the grass herbarium,left Wash

in gton in May, 1923 , with the expectation o f spen din g six mo n th s in

Bo livia,E cuador, an d Peru, where he in ten ds to devote particular

atten tio n to the study o f grasses , but will also make co llection s o f

other groups o f plan ts. T he expeditio n is supported jo in tly by the

REPORT OF TH E SECRETARY. 41.

Un ited States 'Departmen t Of Agri culture , New York Botan icalGarden ,

an d Gray Herbarium.

,DrL Ch arles E . R esser, un der the auspices o f the Un ited StatesGeo logical Survey, accompan ied Dr . E . O. Ulrich in an

'

Investigai

tion Of the Cambrian an d Ordovic ian rocks o f the Valley o f Vir

g in ia durin g May, ,1923,an d secured importan t stratigraph ic co la

lection -

s . Dr ; Ulrich with his a ssistan t , Mr . R . D. Mesler,con tin ued

field researches durin g the -mon th o f Jun e , -studyin g various section so f the Appalach ian Valley in eastern T en n essee . Durin g his tripto the In tern ation al Geo logical Congress at Brussels in the summer

o f 1922,Doctor Ulrich visited importan t

-

Paleozo ic localities in va

rious European -

coun tries an d -presen ted to the Museum"

all o f the

material co llected .

Wh ile travelin g in Europe in the summer o f 1922,Miss Jess ie G .

Beach was detailed to study co llection s in vari ous museums,an d to

con sult with E uropean sc ien tists regardin g‘

matters o f in terest to theMuseum.

'Miss Beach visited museums in Fran ce,Italy, German y,

Belg ium,E n glan d, an d Scotlan d, listin g an d sketch in g various type

spec imen s o f un usual in terest, an d studyin g meth ods o f in stallationan d labelin g .

Mr . C . W. Gilmore,un der the auspices o f the Museum

,made a

trip to R oy, N . Mex .,to in vestigate a reported discovery o f elephas

remain s. The Specimen proved to be valueless for museumpurposes,an d from that stan dpo in t the trip was a failure , Mr . N . H Bo ssmade Several Short co llectin g _trips ,

to the Miocen e deposits alon gChesapeake Bay in search o f fossil remains. As in previous yearsthese trips were productive in the recovery o f

'

well p reserved ceta

cean remain s .

Late in the fiscal year Mr . Gilmore an d Mr . Boss were detailed toexcavate remain s o f din osaurs in the Din osaur Nation al Mon umen t

,

Utah,an un dertakin g wh ich has lo n g been awaitin g a favorable op

portun ity for its co n summation .

Assistan t curators Foshag an d Shan n on‘

On their OWR in itiativemade a brief trip to o ld

'

COpper min es"

in Carro ll Coun ty, Md ,a

district wh ich despite its proximity to Wash in gton was practicallyun represen ted in the co llection s . A large suite o f copper an d irono res an d association s was secured. A day was likewise spen t at the

diabase quarry n ear Belmon t Park, Va . SOmuch material o f in terest

was foun d that Mr. Shan n on con ducted theWash in gton Min eralogical

Society over the groun d on their an n ual field trip . T h e specimen sco llected h ave been turn ed over to the .Museum. The limeston e quarryat Leesburg , Va .

,was also visited an d in terestin g min eralogical mate

rial secured.

In vestigatio n s by Miss Fran ces Den smore ,amon g the Yuma In

dian s o f Arizon a and some tribes in n orthern Mexico for theBureau


o f American E th n o logy brought . to the Museum a co llection o f

desirable ethn o logica .

The th ird year o f the exploration o f an cien t Pueblo Bon ito , towh ich the Nation al Geograph ic Society h as devoted $75 ,000 , un der

Neil M. Judd, the curator o f American archeo logy, was productive

o f a n umber o f specimen s n ow deposited in the Museum. Th e jour

n eys o f Dr. A leSHrdlicka to Brazil an d Europe resul ted in en rich in gthe co llectio n s o f th e division o f physical an thropo logy. In Jun e

Mr .Matthew W. S tirlin g , o f the division o f eth n o logy, carried o n an

exploration o f several an cien t villages at Mobridge , S . Dak.,an d

co llected a valuable series o f material for the Museum.

For several o ther importan t expedition s in wh ich th e Museum was

in terested see un der Res earches an d Explo ratio n s in the report o f the

secretary, page 6 .

hI EET IN G S , CON GRE S SES ,AN D RECEPTION S .

Th e auditorium an d adjacen t coun cil rooms a fforded accommoda

tion s durin g the year fo r 145 meetin gs , coverin g a wide ran ge o f

subjects . A n in n ovatio n th is year was a series o f free Sun day after

n oon lectures arran ged by the Woman’s Welfare Association . Here

to fore th e auditorium h as n ot been used on that day.

T h e governmen tal agen cies takin g advan tage o f the meetin gaccommodation s, besides, o f course , the Smith so n ian In stitution an d

its bran ches, in cluded the Budget Bureau an d the Public Health

S ervice o f th e Treasury Departmen t ; the War Departmen t an d its

Army Medical Schoo l ; the Women’s Bureau o f the Departmen t o f

Labor ; the Bureau o f E n tomo logy, the Forest S ervice , an d the

Federal Horticultural B o ard o f the Departmen t o f Agriculture.

T he scien tific an d oth er groups in cluded the Natio n al A cademy'

o f

S cien ces, the Nation al Associatio n o f Postmasters o f th e Un itedS tates , th e Nation al Committee o n Priso n s an d Prison Labor

,the

Natio n al Associatio n o f Travelers Aid Societies , th e Nation al Con :

feren ce o f S o cial Work, th e Nation al Con sumers’League , Nation al

Amateur Ath letic Federatio n Of America,the Nation al Medical

Asso ciation , th e Nation al Baird Memorial Committee , the GardenClub o f America , the Girl Scouts, World’s Dairy Con gress Assoc ia ~

tion , the American Asso ciatio n o f Museums ,Women’s Welfare Asso

ciation,the American Horticultural S ociety, th e An th ropo logical

S ociety o f Wash in gton ,the Archaeological So ciety o f Wash in gton ,

the Art an d Archaeo logical League o f Wash in gt o n ,the Audubon

S ociety ,o f the District o f Co lumbia

,the Wash in gton (D . C . ) Ch ap

ter o f the Wild Flower Preservation S ociety o f America,th e E n to

mo logical‘

S oc iety o f Wash in gto n , the Federal Ph otograph ic S ociety;the Sh akespeare S ociety o f Wash in gton ,

the Schoo l o f Foreign S ervice o f Georgetown Un iversity, the American Un iversity, Howard

REPORT OF H TH E SECRETARY.

‘

Un ivers ity, the Garden'

Club o f Wash in gto n ,th e S outhern . Society

o f ‘Wash in gton and the Reserve Offi cers’Assoc iatio n o f th e Districto f Columbia .

A t the Twen tieth In tern atio n al Congress o f Ameri can l sts at“Rio

de Jan eIro Brazil,August 20 to September th e In stitutio n

Was represen ted by-

.Dr Walter Hough , head curator of an th ropo logyin the Museum,

an d Dr ..

'

AleS Hrdlicka,curator o f physical an thro

po lOgy In the Museum,who Served also as delegates o n the part o f the

Un ited States An o ther member o f“

the Museum staff,

Dr . E . O. Ulrich , associate in paleon to logy, represen ted the In stitution at the Th irteen th In tern ation al Geo logical Con gress meetin g inBrussels

,Belgium,

Aug ust 10 to T he Museum was also represen ted at the e ighteen th an n ual meetin g o f the American Association Of Museums

,lield in Charleston , S . C .

,April 4 to 7

,Mr . F . L.

Lewton'

an d the Writer servin g'

as delegates .

Th e Museumwas the scen e o f several reception s . On the even ingo f. December the halls -

Of the Museum assign ed to the N ation alGallery o f A rt were

“

open ed for a reception fo llowin g a lecture in theauditorium un der the auspices o f the -A n thrOpo logical S ociety -Of

Wash in gton an d the Arch aeo logical S ociety o f Wash in gton . Oppor'

tun ity was thus afforded for in spectin g the“

co llection o f Ch ihuahuapottery belongin g to the latter society. On Jan uary 9 theA rchaeological S o ciety an d the A rt an d Arch aeo logical League o f Wash ington held a receptio n in the Nation al -Gallery o f A rt fol lowin g an

even in g lecture by Coun t Byro n Kuhn de Prorok, with a first viewo f a rare co llection o f an tique jewelry recen tly len t to the society byon e o f its members , Mr . Kurt Walter Bachstitz

,o f The Hague . A n

other large reception was that to th e Nation al Academy o f Scien ceson the even in g o f April 23 , in hon or o f Dr . W. W. Campbell. Th isfo llowed a lecture In the auditorium by Doctor Campbe ll .Th e exh ibition h alls on the first floor o f the Natural History Build

in g were the settin g for a con versazion e on the even in g o f February3,as a part o f the program in celebration of th e cen ten ary o f the

birth o f Spen ‘

cer Fullerton Baird , the secon d secretary o f the Smith '

son ian I n stitution . The Marin e Ban d furn ished music durin g theeven in g . A meetin g o f Girl S cout leaders in the audito rium on the

even i n g o f April 25 was th e occasion f or Open in g all the exh ibitionhalls In the buildin g from 6 .3 0 to 1 1 p . m to en able theGirl S couts

,

their leaders , paren ts , an d frien ds to view the co llections .

BIISCELLANEOU S

The n umber o f visitors to the Natural History Buildin g durin gthe year aggregated 5 08

"

to the A I ts an d In dustries Buildin g,259,542 ,

to th e Smithson ian Buildin g , an d to theAircraftBuildin g , 42 904. The n ational co llection s in the Natural H istory


Buildin g are accessible to the public every day in the year , Sun daysas well as week days . Owin g , however, to th e limited appropriation sfor the main ten an ce o f the Museum,

the other buildin gs are n ot openon Sun days .

Th e Museum published durin g the year 10 vo lumes an d 42 separatepapers . T he former comprised the An n ual Repo rt o f the Museum

for 1922 ; vo lumes 60 an d 61 o f the Pro ceedin gs ; Bulletin 100 , vo lume5 ; Bulletin s 120 , 121 , 122, 123 , 124, an d 126 . T he separates in cluded1 bulletin article ; 4 papers in the series

,Co n tribution s from the

Un ited S tates Natio n al Herbarium ; 5 papers from vo lume 61,21

papers from vo lume 62, an d 1 1 papers from vo lume 63 o f the Pro

ceedin gs. The distributio n o f vo lumes an d separates to librariesan d in dividuals on the regular mailin g list aggregatin g copiesbesides copies supplied in respo n se to special application s .

T he Museum library, as o n e o f the libraries admin istered un der thedirectio n o f the Smith so n ian In stitutio n ,

en joys the close coo peration o f its associated libraries an d in turn con tributes substan tiallytoward the gen eral library activities . Much h as been accomplisheddurin g the year toward better library service . T he lon g—n eededsubject catalogue has been started , an d at the clo se o f the year

cards had been made an d arran ged. T he arran gemen t o f cards fromthe Con cilium Bib liograph icum distributed sin ce the World War

,is

well un der way, an d progress is bein g made in the reclassificatio nan d shelvin g o f the techn o logical co llectio n s . Wo rk h as

,h owever,

suffered from a lack o f fun ds fo r bin din g an d ren ovatin g an d froma vacan cy in the staff durin g eight mon th s o f the year . T he receiptsfo r the year n umbered vo lumes an d pamph lets , brin gin gup the to tal o f books . an d o ther material in th e library totitles. T he n umber o f lo an s made was o f wh ich were to

the sectio n al libraries .

T he death o f John B . Hen ders on,a Regen t o f the Smithso n ian

In stitution , o n Jan uary 4, 1923 , deprived the Museum o f a valuedfrien d, a con stan t con tributor, an d an in defatigable worker o n its

co llection s . T he members o f the scien tific staff an d o ther employeeso f the Museum an d In stitution gathered in the audito rium o n January 8 , 1923 , to pay respect to their co lleague an d adopted reso lutio n s expressin g their deep sen se o f loss . Doctor Walco tt presidedan d brief addresses were made by Do ctor VValco tt, Dr. W . H . Dal"

,

Dr. Leo n h ard S tej n eger, an d Dr . Paul Bartsch .

Respectfully submitted.

W. DE C . RAVENEL,

Admin is tra tive A ssistan t to the S ecr etary in charge,

Un ited S ta tes Na tion al Museum.

DR . CH ARLES D . WALCOT T ,

S ecretary, Smithson ian In stitution .


bequests are in the possession o f the said Regen ts, in section s o r com

p letely on the n

/orth side o f the Mall between the Natural History

Buildin g , Un ited States Natio n al Museum,an d S even th Street, leav

in g a space between it an d the latter o f n o t less than on e hun dredfeet an d a space o f n ot less than o n e hun dred feet between it an d

S even th S treet, with its south fron t on a lin e with the south fron to f the sa id Natural Histo ry Buildin g .

”

A two -page leaflet on the n ation al gallery h as been issued, wh ich ,like the recen t leaflets on the Smith so n ian In stitution ,

is to havea wide distribution . It is in ten ded to brin g forc ibly to the atten

tion o f the public the great n eed fo r a separate buildin g to house

the n ation al art co llection s .

Detailed in formation regardin g th e growth o f the gallery with inthe in stitution an d as a feature o f the Un ited States Nation al Mu

seum,may be foun d in Bulletin 70 o f the Nation al Museum, an d

its subsequen t activities are recorded in th e an n ual reports o f the

in stitution an d museum,an d in the an n ual reports o f the gallery for

the years 1921 an d 1922.

In two art icles prepared by the director an d publish ed in art

journ als durin g the year , atten tion is called to th e growth o f the

n ation al gallery an d to the great n eed for a gallery buildin g . T he

first, un der the title“ T he Story o f the Nation al Gallery o f A rt

,

”

appeared in A rt an d Archeo logy for Jun e , 1923 . The sto ry o f the

Nation al Gallery o f A rt from its begin n in g n early a cen tury ago

is the record o f the prolon ged strug gle o f th e art idea for n ation alrecogn ition ,

for a place in the serious co n sideration o f the Americanpeople

,an d it is to be regretted th at to - day, although art in stitu

tio n s are sprin gin g up'

o n all han ds,art has slight n ation al recogn i

tion beyon d the atten tion n ecessary to the care an d display o f the

art treasures acquired by gift an d bequest. For n early a cen tury

the Smithson ian In stitution h as h arbored the dream o f a gallery o f

art,but art has been in the sh adow o f diversified scien tific activities

an d in the deeper shadow o f the all- absorbin g material in terests o f

a rapidly developin g Natio n . T o -day the con dition s are far fromsatisfactoryf Growth o f the co llection s through gratuitous con tributio n s

,even

,is embarrassed by the almo st complete exh austio n o f

space fo r the receptio n an d display o f all save accession s o f very

limited exten t, an d the problem before the in stitution ,an d certain ly

with equal in sisten ce before the American people , is Shall Americah ave a Nation al Gallery o f Art, or a Nation al Museum o f Art, that

will give us a respectable place amon g the cultured n ation s o f the

world " ” T he story o f the vicissitudes Of the in cipien t, strugglin gn ation al gallery is here presen ted with the view o f makin g kn own a

great n atio n al sho rtcomin g an d stirrin g the pride o f a people n ot

“ REPORT OF TH E SECRETARY.

’

47

accustomed tO take a secOn d or ath ird place In an y field worthy o f

their"

ambition.

The secon d,with the title Sh all Amer ica Have a

'NationalGallery o f A rt "” was published in The American Magazin e o f

Art fOr July, 1923 . Th is article is a plea for“

recogn ition o f the

claims o f th e incipient n ation al gallery upOn the‘American peopleand Seeks to determine an d en list the agen cies th at may be brought

to bear upon the erection o f a gallery buildin g.

The great importan ce o f prompt action becomes apparent whenit is recalled that the fa‘iIIIre to provide hOI

'

ISiI'

Ig for po ssible ad

dition s to the n ation al collection s means a‘

great an nual'

loss to thenatiOnal gallery—to the Nation . Theyearly addition Of art worksbetween 1905

,an d 1920

, the latter the date o f the cOIn plete ex

haustion o f gallery space in Museumbuildin gs , averaged upwardo f half a million a year, wh ile the en tire i n crease per year f or thethree years sin ce the latter date has fallen below $40 000 The lossto the gallery an d to the Nation at th i s mate , would, in a sco re o f

years ,‘amoun t to a sum equal to the erection o f a buildin g wOrthy

o f the n ame,an d there can be little doubt that if a gallery bIIildin g

wo rthy o f the n ame awaited “

the in flow o f"

gifts’

and ‘bequests ,access i on s Would reach

’

the substan tial figure o f half a million per

year, as hereto fore , or who Shall say not twice that figure" Privateown ers , seekin g a fin al restin g place for their treasures , woulddoub tless , in man y cases , prefer to be represen ted i n a gallery belon gin g to the Nation , to all the people alike , thari In an y

"

other.

Our plea then , the plea Of the Smithson ian In stitution ,is n ot on ly,

a worthy but an urgen t on e,an d is n ow made to all the people o f

the Nation , an d fo r all the people o f theNation .

TH E GALLERY COMMISSION .

In 1921 the Regen ts . o f the In stitution organ ized a commi ssIon

which should devote its atten tion to the promotion o f the . ga llery’S

In terests in variOus direction s,an d the secon d an n ual meetin g o f

th is commissio n was h eld in the Regen tS’room o f the In stitution

on December 12, 1922. The members presen t were : Dan iel ChesterFren ch , ch airman

,W . K . Bixby ; William H . Ho lmes

, secretaryex officio ; Gari Melch ers ; Charles Moore ; James Parmelee ; E dward

W. Redfi eld ; Ch .arles D . Walcott,ex Offi cio . A t th is meetin g

numerous importan t problems were con sidered an d steps were takento .en list n ation al in terest in the gallery an d itS developmen t as an

in dispen sable n ation al in stitution .

The report o f the secretary Of the commiss ion for the year was

fo llowed by reports o f the stan din g , spec ial,an d subcommittees .

Atten tion was given to the previously much discussed pro ject o f an

ANNUAL REPORT SMITH SONIAN INSTITUTION , 1923 .

impo rtan t exh ibition o f portraits , official an d lay, to be held in the

gallery, but satisfactory arran gemen ts for ho ldin g the exh ibit in

1 923 could n o t be made . T he question o f appealin g to Con gress

f or abuildin g for art an d h isto ry was co n sidered an d discussio n

to ok place as to the feasibility o f h avin g th e buildin g pro ject in

c luded In the p i ogram be in g formulated by Co n gress for pro spectivepublic buildin gs . S ecretary Walco tt brought to th e atten tion o f

c ommission the ques tio n o f the advisability o f an appeal to Americanin stitution s an d to the American people for aid in the buildin g

pro ject. Fo llowmg a discuss io n o f the Ran ger bequest fun d an d itS

admin istration ,the commission appo in ted a committee o f three

Messrs . E . W. Redfi eld , Gari Melchers,W. H . Ho lmes— to look after

th e gallery’s in terests in the fin al dispos itio n o f the purch ases made

from th is fun d by th e Nation al Academy o f Design .

With th is meetin g , th e in itial o n e year terms o f three members o f

the commission — H e i bei t Adams, Gari Melcher ,s Charles Mo ore

expired , an d the Bo ard o f Regen ts at its an n ual meetin g , J an uai y12

,1922

,elected these person s to succeed themselves fo r the full term

o f four years.

T he art advisory committee appo in ted at the last meetin g o f the

Board o f Regen ts , examin ed the several pain tin gs an d other wo rkso ffered to th e gallery as perman en t accessio n s . Th e fo llowin g wereaccepted

S ign in g o f th e Treaty o f Gh en t , an o il pa in tin g by S ir A . Fo restier, 1914.

Presen ted by the Sulgrave In stitution .

A cameo cutter’s outfit, con s istin g o f wh eel dies , too ls etc . wh ich formerly

belon ged to an d was used by Louis Bon et , an e n e my er on fi n e sto n e . Pre

sen ted by Paul .W . Bartlett.

T H E N AT ION AL PORTRAIT COLLECT ION .

A s an n oun ced in the repo rt fo r last year, a n umber o f in fluen tial

citizen s desirin g to preserve some picto rial record o f th e,VVo rld “Car ,

o rgan ized a Nation al A rt Committee immediately after the close o f

the War,an d arran ged w ith a n umber o f our leading artists

'

topain t po i ti a its o f ceI tain distin guished leaders o f America an d other

allied n atio n s in the war with German y. T he membei s o f th e com

mittee as o rgan ized ar ze H o n . Hen ry Wh ite (chaiIman ) ; H e i bert

L . Pratt (secretary an d treasurer) Mrs . W. H . Ci o cker , Robert W.

de Fo rest , Abram Garfield , Mrs . E . H . Harriman,Arthur W.

Meeker, J . Pierpon t Mo rgan , Ch arles P . Taft,Ch arles D . Walco tt ,

an d Hen ry C . Frick (sin ce deceased ) .

Un der th is arran gemen t . 21 po rtraits were pain ted.

an d assembledin the n atio n al gallery durin g the mo n th o f May, 1921 . Later thesewere turn ed .over to the American Federation o f Arts f or purposes o fpublic exh ibitio n . Before their fin al return to th eir place in the

n atio n al po rtrait gallery, they were exh ibited as fo llows r

‘REPORT or TH E SECRETARY. 49

1920—21Providen ce , R . Rhode Islan d School of Design .

Philadelph ia ,Pa Pen n sylvan ia A .c

'

adem'

y

Wash in gton ,D . Nation al Ga llery o f Art.

PI in ceton Un iversity.

New H aven , Con n Ya le Un iversity.

Bo ston , Mass; Boston Museum.

1 921—22

Roch ester, N. Y

Clevelan d ,

Williamstown , Mass

Amherst, Mass_;

Buff a lo ,N.

Cin cin n ati , Oh io

In dian apo lis,Pittsburgh ,

Pa

Detro it ,Youn gstown ,

Oh io

Memph is,

1 922—23

Gran d Rapids , Mich T h e Gran d Rapids Pub lic Lib rary.

An n A rb or, T h e An n Arb or Art As sociation .

T Opeka ,A rt Departmen t

,Wash burn Co llege .

Mad ison , Wis T h e Madison Art Asso ciation .

San Fran c isco , San Fran cisco Museum.

Sacramen to , Kin gsley -A rt Club .

Baltimore , Md Baltimore Museum of Art.

That the gift o f these"

portraits might be distinctly n ation al incharacter , it was decided that a group o f two or more , fin an ced bythe art

_p artron s o f an y city, should be in scribed as presen ted to theNation by that c ity an d that a represen tative o f that city should become an hon orary member o f the Nation al A rt Committee . It Was

further dec ided that a tablet or other perman en t record in th e galleryshould bear the n ames o f the Nation al Art Committee , in cludin g thech airmen o f a ll lo cal‘ committees

,an d that there should

'

be'

a“

recordo f the n ame o f each subscriber to thepurchase fun d .

The cities Wh ich , to date , have made presen tat ion s are as fo llows

Ch icagoé—Portraits b y Joh n C. Joh an sen , N A .

Fie ld Marsh al S ir Douglas H aig , comman der in chief of th e British A rmyon th e Western Fron t , 1 91 5

—191 9.

Marshal Joseph Joffre , comman der in ch ief of th e Fren ch Armies , 1 91 5191 7. o . M. 1 919.

Gen era l Aman do Diaz, comman der in chief of the Ita lian Armies ,191 7

Cin cin n ati— Portra its by Douglas Vo lk, N. A. (185 67

H is'

Majesty A lbert I (Leopold-Clemen t-Marie-Me in rad ) , Kin g of the

Belgian s, . 1909 ,an d comman der in

'

ch ief of th e Belgian Armies.

Righ t H on orable David Lloyd George, Prime Min ister an d First Lordof the Treasury o f Great Britain , 1 91 6—1922.

Gen eral John Joseph Persh in g , comman der“

in ch ief of th e American Ex

pedition ary Forces in Europe , 191 7—1 919 .

Memorial'

A rt Ga llery.

Clevelan d Museum.

Will iams Co llege .

Amh erst COllegefi'

T heBuffalo Fin e Art s Academy.

Cin cin n ati Museum.

Joh n H ernon A rt In stitute .

Carn egie In stitute.

Detro it Museum.

T he Butler Art In stitute .

Brooks Memorial Art Ga llery .

City A rt Museum.


New York— Po rtra its by E dmun d C . Ta rbell, N. A. (1 862

Woodrow Wilson , Pres iden t o f the Un ited S tates , 1 91 3—1921 .

Gen e ra l Georges Leman (Gerard Math ieu Joseph Gorges ) , comman der o f

the fortified town o f Liege (its defen der inMarsh a l Ferdin an d Foch , comman der ih - ch ief o f the Fren ch Armies ,191 7 o f the Allied Fo rces , 1918

S ign in g o f th e Peace Trea ty,Jun e 28 , 1919 , by Joh n C . Johan sen , N. A.

San Fran cisco— Portra its by Cecil‘

a Beaux , N. ACardin a l Des iré Jos eph Merc ier, Arch b ish op o f

“

Mal in es , 1 906

Admira l S ir David Bea tty, comman der of th e fleet an d First Sea Lordo f Grea t Brita in , created Firs t E arl Bea tty, 1919 .

Georges C lemen ceau (Georges Eugen e Ben jamin ) , Pre s iden t, Coun cil ofMin isters of the Fren ch Repub lic , Prime Min iste r an d Min ister o f War

o f Fra n ce , 1 91 7—1920.

The fo llowin g portraits are still available fo r presen tation byo ther cities . In case offers are n ot made it is assumed that th e com

mittee remain s respon sible for their fin al dispositio n :

Joan J. C. Bratian o (Bratian u) , Prime Min ister o f Rouman ia an d delegate

to the Peace Con feren ce , 1919 , by Charles H opkin son .

Nikola Pash ich (Pas ic ) , Prime Min ister o f Serb ia an d de legate fromYugos lavia to th e Peace Con feren ce , 191 9, by Ch arles H opk in so n .

Prin ce Kimmoch i Sa lon j i , delegate from Japan to th e Peace Con feren cea t Paris , 1919 , by Cha rles H opkin son .

R igh t . H on o rab le S ir Robert La ird Borden ,Prime Min ister o f Can ada ,

191 1—1920 , by Joseph de Camp.

Gen era l S ir Arthur William Currie , comman der o f th e Can ad ian Fo rces

in Fran ce , 1 917—1919 , by Joseph de Camp .

Admira l William S n owden S imms , comman der o f the American n ava l

operation s in E uropean waters , 1 917—191 9 , by Irvin g R . Wiles , N. A .

H erb ert Clark H oover, Un ited S tates Fo od Admin istrator, 1 917—1919 ;

ch a irman o f th e Supreme E con omic Coun c il , Paris , 1 91 9.

Vittorio Eman ue le Orlan do , pres iden t o f th e Coun c il o f Min isters o f

Italy, 1 917—1919.

T he co llection o f 21 portra its was return ed to the gallery by theAmerican Federation o f Arts o n Jun e 12, 1923 , an d was hun g in thecen tral hall of the groun d floo r in direct co n n ection w ith the great

body o f exh ibits pertain in g to the war with German y. On its return

to Wash in gto n the collection was en riched by the three- quarter len gthportrait o f H er Ma jesty E lizabeth , Queen o f the Belgian s , by JeanMcLean (Mrs . Joh n C . Joh ausen ) the completio n o f wh ich had beendelayed.

ART WORKS ADDED DURING T H E YEAR.

GIFT S AN D REQUE ST S .

Portrait o f Miss E lizabeth E llery Burge , by Thomas Mathewson ,

an d portarit o f Miss Jessie J ay Burge , by Abbott Han derson Thayer

1 849“ Perman en t loan (stipulated term) , from the Misses

Marie Louise an d Jessie Jay 'Burge, o f Warsaw

,N. Y.

REPORT OF TH E sE cRETARY.,

5 1

Two Oil pain tin gs :“ Un e Brave an d An Alsatian Girl

,

”by

Miss Lucie Louise Fery. Bequest Of the artist,through Mr. George

H . Moffett, executor , Charleston , S . C .

“Wharf Scen e ” (o il) , by Bertha E . Perrie . Gift o f Miss MaudeBurr Morris , Washin gton , D. C.

I

Man tel o f carved wh ite h o lly wood, .with fireplace o f pin k Numid iarimarble , fromthe recen tly demo lished residen ce o f the late Ben

j amin H . Warder, 1 5 15 K Street, Wash in gton , D. C .

,Hen ry Hobson

Richardson ,arch itect (183 8 Gift o f William Wh ite Wilson

Parker,Of Washin gton , D . (D., an dmmintown , Pa.

Roosevelt :Haun ts,E arly Autumn

”(Oil), by Emile Walters

(1893 awarded the WilliamO. Goodman prize by the _A rt

I n stitute o f Ch icago, 1921 Presen ted by an art co llector,through

Mr; A . Lawren ce Kocher , th e Pen nsylvan ia State College .

A list o f the portraits presen ted by various cities through the

Nation al A rt Committee, H on . H en ry Wh ite , chairman, to the Na

tion al Portrait Gallery 1s given on“

page 49.

Portraits deposited by the Nation a l A rt Committee an d availablef or presen tation by oth er c ities are listed on page 50 .

A Ch in ese carved ivory screen an d 141 pieces o f a n tique an d

modern porcelain ,made in Saxony,Austria,Denmark

“

,Holland, German y, Fran ce , an d Great Britain between 1790 an d 1 860

,were added

to h is co llection by the“ R ev. Alfred Duan e Pell, D . D .

,

”

o f New. York.

DEPOSIT BY TH E SMITH SONIAN IN STITIITIQN .

Bron ze bust Of Jean n e d’Arc , by Madame Berthe Girardet, go ldmedalist

,Neuilly, Fran ce . Gift Of Madame Girardet, the sculptor ,

through Mrs . John Jacob Hoff (Mrs . Grace Wh itn ey Hoff) , to the

American people in memory Of What our so ldier boys have don e inFran ce at a crucial time o f n eed.

” Accepted by the Smith son ianIn stitutio n for _deposit i n the gallery.

The co llection o f 22 framed in dividual portraits an d portraitgroups in pastel, 01 portraits in all

,o f Federal an d Con federate

Veteran s o f the Civil War,pain ted by Walter Beck (1864 5 0

years after the battle o f Appomattox,len t to th e Smithson ian In sti

tution on May 1 , 1922, for a period o f on e year , through th e agen cy

o f Mr . Walter Gran t,became the property o f the Nation by gift o f the

artist at the expiration Of the year, to be cared for by the Natio n alGallery o f A rt.

” A complete list o f these po rtraits was given in

last year’s report

Po rtrait i n Oil o f E dwin”

McMasters Stan ton (1814 Sec

retary o f War un der Presiden t Lin co ln ’s admin istration,by Hen ry

Ulke (1821 Presen ted to the in stitution by h is gran d

daughter , Miss S ophy S tan ton .


LOAN S .

The John Howard McFadden co llection o f 43 portraits an d lan dscapes o f the British scho o l , left in trust to the city o f Ph iladelph ia ;len t to the gallery by the trustees o f the co llection , Ch ief JusticeRobert Von Moschzisker

,Of the Pen n sylvan ia Supreme Court, H on .

George Wharto n Pepper , Un ited S tates S en ator from Pen n sylvan ia ,an d Justice Jasper Yates Brin ton ,

court o f appeals,mixed tribun als

Of Egypt. T he will o f Mr . McFadden directs th at the trustees Shall,

pen din g the perman en t housing o f th e co llectio n by th e c ity o f

Ph iladelph ia,in trust the works to the Metropolitan Museum in New

York or to a gallery Of equal dign ity. A catalogue Of the Me

Fadden co llection,prepared by Harvey M . Watts

,was published by

the J. B . Lippin cott CO. durin g the year. The artists represented,

'

with titles o f the pain tin gs received, are as follows

R ichard Parks Bon in gton (1 801

A Coast S cen e , Norman dy.

John Con stab le , R . A . (1776

T he Lock.

Hampstead H eath : S torm Comin g Up.

T h e Dell in H elmin gham Park.

David Cox (1 783

Go in g to th e H ayfield, 1 849.

Joh n Crome (“

Old Crome (1 769

Blacksmith Sh op,n ear H in gham,

Norfolk.

Woody Lan dscape , at Coln ey.

Th omas Ga in sb orough , R . A. (1 727

H en rietta , Lady Rodn ey.

A Classical Lan dscape.

George H en ry H arlow (1 787

T h e Misses Leader.

T h e Leader Ch ildren .

Mrs . Weddell an d Ch ildren .

William H ogarth (1 697

T he Assemb ly at Wan stead H ouse .

T h e Foun ta in e Family.

Joh n H oppn er, R . A . (1 75 8

Mrs . H oppn er.

S ir Th omas Lawren ce , P. R. A. (1 769

Miss West (Afterwards Mrs . William Woodgate ) .

Joh n Lin n ell , Sen . (1 792

T he Refuge (or, T he S torm) , 1 85 3 .

George Morlan d (17630 1d Coach in g Days .

T h e Fruits o f E arly In dustry.

T h e H appy Cottagers .


R ichard IVi lson , R . A . (1 714

S tudy of Ruin s .

S tudy of Ruin s .

Lan dscape .

Artist un kn own .

Lan dscape with Co ttage .

Attributed to Van Dyck.

Madon n a an d Ch ild . (From th e Duchess o f Mon trose Co llection , E n g ) .

J an Victoors (1 620

Portra it o f a Dutch Girl. (Co llection of th e Prin cess Math ilde . )

Three Oil pain tin gs by E . Hodgson Smart (1873 The

Portrait o f my Mother,191 5 ;

“ The Madon n a o f the Blue Veil,”

1918 ; an d portrait o f James A . S tearman,1917. Len t by the artist

withdrawn before close o f the fiscal year.

T he Sph in x (Oil pain tin g ) , by Co lo n el George Raum,C . S . A .,

as it appeared when excavated by h im in 1896 . Len t by the artist,Berkeley, Calif.Three o il pain tin gs :

“ T he Fo rtun e Teller , by An to n io Allegrida Correggio (1494

“ T he Queen,

”by Jacobo Robusti (Il

Tin toretto ) (15 12—8 to 1 5 94)“ Death o f Lucretia ,” by Guido Ren i

(called Guido ) (1 575 Acquired by the late H on . Han n isTaylor in 1 887, durin g h is so j ourn in Spain as Un ited States minister

,an d len t by Mrs . Han n is Taylor, Wash in gton , D . C .

“ Spectres o f the North (Icebergs ), an d“ Sho shon e Falls Of

S n ake River , Idaho ,” by Thomas Moran (1837 Len t by theartist

,S an ta Barbara

,Ca lif.

S elf portra it by the artist,James Deveaux

,o f Charleston

, S . C .

(1812 pain ted in Paris,183 6 . Len t by Mr. Porter F. Cope ,

Ph iladelph ia,Pa .

Main en ti an ce to the Ben j amin H . Warder residen ce,design ed

by H . H Richardson,from the Ben j amin H . Warder residen ce

,

1 5 1 5 K S treet NVV.

,removed to make room for a modern Office

buildin g . T he ston e is o f Numidian marble an d the woo d wh iteho lly. Carvin g Of the h o lly is by skilled workmen

,ass isted by

studen ts fromtb

Richardson’s Boston office . Erected in 1885

,an d

amon g the last houses design ed by Richardson . Other houses byth is master arch itect are the Joh n H ay, the Hen ry Adams

,an d th e

N. L. An derson res iden ces in Wash in gton . Richardson was bornin New Orlean s , the son o f a southern plan ter ; educated at Harvard

an d the E cole des Beaux Arts,Paris ; died 1886 , aged 47 years . Len t

by the Arch itects’Advisory Coun cil , Horace W. Peasley, chairman .

Portrait Of Richard Brin sley Sh eridan ,by S ir Joshua Reyn o lds ,

P . R . A . (1723—1792) len t by Ralph Cro ss John so n , E sq.

Five pain tin gs : Portrait o f Admiral Ho ldin g S teven s,2d

, byRobert Hin ckley ; portra it o f Mrs . Thomas Ho ldin g S teven s , hiswife

,artist un kn own ; portrait o f H on . E ben S age , o f Middletown ,

5 5

1 Hardin g ; Madon n a , by Hon ario Mariari ,

favorite pupil o f Carlo Dulci ; Madon n a,

”by Carlo Mahratta . Len tS teven s, through Mrs Freder ick C H icks , Port

Portrait o f g, Presiden t o f the Un ited States ,1921—1923

,by E. H Smart (1873 Len t by the artist.

DISTRIBUTION S.

Lo an s have been withdrawn by their own ers , as fo llOws : Christ

In the T emple ,”i J . B . Tiepo lo ;

“ T he Do ctor’S Vi si t by J an

S teen ; an d‘A Youn g Dutch Gir , by N . Drost ; withdrawn by

Ralph John son,E sq.

Po rtrait o f George Wash in gt on ,by Rembran dt Peale , an d po r

tra it o f John V. L . Pruyn ,by C harles L. E lliott ; withdrawn by

’Hbri. r Charles S J H amlin . (T he Wash in gton wasA ret

'

urn ed 'before

Portrait o f Hen ry Clay Ide , by"

Oss ip Perelma ; turn ed“

over to

Mrs. W. Bourke Co ckran by direct-ion o f Mr . PerelmaPortrait Of Dr.G eorge

’Ifi -Becker an d o f Mrs . Flo ren ce Becker, by

Fe do r En cke ; portrait o f Mrs . S arah Carey Becker , by Warin g ;

pain tin g by a J apan ese artist ;“A =Woodlan d S tudy

”an d “ T he

Placid Po tomac,

”byW. H. H olin es ; T he Deer Pass ” (Steel en gravin g), by Lan dseer, an d a -bas relief ; w ithdrawn by Mrs . Flo ren ce

BeckerFo rrester .

“ Lan dscape,

” by N . Diaz’

; withdrawn by Dr . C . C . GallowayT he Madon n a of the Blue Veil ,

” Portra it of My Mother, an d

po rtrait Of James _A . S tearman,by E . Hodgson Smart , withdrawn by

“

Mr. Smart.

Don Giovan n i R ilgas , attributed to Cimabue ; withdrawn by Capt .

F.dgar Thompson , Un ited . States Navy.

LOAN S'

EY T -H E GALLERY .

T he pain tin g recen tly received through the Ran ger fun d en titledT ohickon ,

”by Dan iel Garber, N . A .,was len t to the A rt In stitute

f Ch icago , to be Shown at the ir an n ual exh ibition November 2 toDecember 1 1922. It has been return ed to the gallery.

"

T he portrait . o f Miss E llen Day Hale,by Mrs . Margaret Lesley

Bush -Brown,

" presen ted to the gallery by Mr . Arthur Hale,was len t

to Mrs . Bush -B rown to be exh ibited at the art allian ce o f Ph iladelph ia from Jan uary

‘

3 to 16,1923 .

“ It has been returned to the

gallery.

The po rtrait Of S ir James J. Shan n on ,R . A .

, pain ted In Lo n do nin Sir James

’studio by Orlan d Roula-n d (1871 was len t

to Mr.Ro n lan d'

to be’

included in an'

exh ibit o f h is pain tin gs in New

5 6 ANNUAL REPORT SMITH SON IAN ~ IN ST ITUT ION,1923 .

Yo rk City, April 1923 . T he pain tin g has been returned to

the gallery.

T he portrait o f Gen . George Wash in gto n ,by Rembran dt Peale ,

belon gin g to H on . an d Mrs . Charles S . Hamlin,an d the portra it o f

George Wash ington ,by Charles Willso n Peale

,the property

'

o f

Mr . John S . Beck an d recorded as loan s to th e gallery, were lent,by permission o f their respective own ers

,to the Pen n sylvan ia Acad

emy o f Fin e Arts , Philadelph ia , Pin ,to be Sh own at th e Academy’s

exh ibition o f portraits by Charles Willson Peale , Rembran dt Peale ,an d James 1 1 to May 9, 1923 . These pain tin gs havebeen return ed to their places in the loan col lectio n .

SPECIAL EXH IBITION S .

A n exh ibition o f American Han dicrafts assembled an d c irculatedby the American Federation Of Arts was held in th e gallery fromNovember 1 to 25 , 1922. It -in cluded jewelry, en amels. carved ivory,silver , pewter , iro n ,

pottery, deco rated ch in a , batik an d block -prin tedtextiles , weavin gs, n eedlewo rk

,bo okbin din g , illumin ation s , book

plates,design s for adve i tisin g , stain ed glass , wood cai vi n g, an d

lacquer , an d con sisted o f 212 items,as shown by the catalogue pre

pared by Miss E lizabeth Neat an d prin ted private ly. T he Regen tsan d secretary o f the Smith son ian In stitution exten ded in vitatio n s toan Open in g private V iew o f the exh ibit o n the aftern oo n o f Wedn es

day, November 1 , an d man y person s atten ded .

A co llection o f an tique E truscan,Greco -Roman

,an d Byzan tin e

jewelry, an d an cien t glassware , pottery, an d a bron ze statuette o f

Nyx (Nigh t) , datin g from the seven th cen tury B . C . to th e eleven thcen tury A . D .

,was exh ibited in the gallery un der the auspices Of

the Archaeo logical S ociety Of Wash in gto n ,Dr . Mitch ell Carroll

,

secretary, from Jan uary 10 to April 23 , 1923 . Th is co llectio n is theproperty o f Mr . Kurt W. Bach stitz

,Of T he Hague , Hollan d

,by

whom it Was len t to the Arch aeo logical S ociety. A receptio n by theso ciety was held o n - the even in g Of Jan uary 9

,when th e members

an d frien ds assembled to hear th e lecture by Coun t Byron Kuhn de

Prorok on h is recen t excavation s at Carthage viewed the co llection .

Th e Ch icago Tribun e exh ibit o f 90 origin al arch itectural drawin gs , selected from over 200 design s submitted in th e Ch icago Tribune’s arch itectural con i petition

'

fo r their n ew

Admin istration Buildin g was held in th e Gallery, April 19 to 21 .

Th is competition en gaged th e talen ts o f the best men in the ar‘

ch itectural pro fession through out the world , 22 n ation s bein g repre

sen ted, an d n ot on ly the prize design ,by John M . Howells an d

Raymon d M . Hood,associates

,o f New York (wh o became the

arch itects o f the buildin g ) , but also those receiving o ther prizes

BEzPiOm-TQF -TEE ,

,SECRETARY 7

an d ,hon orable men tion s , were Shown . T he exh ibit i

was placed O‘

II

View-. iby the Ch icago T ribun e in cities throughout the . coun try , at,

the chapters o f the American In stitute o f Architects , fi n e'

art Societiesand art in stitution s

,architectural schools, and universities,and was

prOcured f or th e n ational gallery through the e'fi'

Orts Of ,the H on .

Frederic A. Delan o,Regen t o f th e Smith son i an In stitution .

TH E H ENRY ‘W’

ARD RANGER FUND.

T he pain tin gs purchased duri n g the year by the coun cil o f theNation al Academy Of Design from the fun d :provided by th e Hen ryWard R an ger bequest, with the n ames o f

'

the‘

in stitution s i to wh ichthey have been assign ed , are a s

’fo llows :

Artist . Assign ed.

go. Th e H igh Seas . Gordon Gran t . Dec 4,1922 Art Association of R ichmon d ,

In d .

21 AMornin g in Sum 'LeOn ard O c h t in a n ,

A lban y In stitute an d H istorical an d

mer. N . A . Art Society, Alb an y, N . Y.

R hOde Islan d Sch ool of Design, Provi

den ce,R . I .

T h e‘

T oledo Museum of Art,'T oledo ,

GuyWiggin s, A . N .A'

22 The"Qu1et Valley

23 .

’T h e Maumee R iver'f y l

24. Win ds of Destin y

Carlton T . Ch apman ,N A : u

E lliot Clark, A . N . A . T h e Dayton Museum of Arts , Dayton ,

25 Sleep . Leon Kroll,

c c c c c c co

26. By the Upper Lock.

Thia’

Gift .

”

283Broodin g Silen ce

29 Smugglers’

Notch ,

Stowe , Vt ; r

30. Fallin g Sn ow,New

York.

John F. Follinshee , A .

"

Ernest L’. Blumen F

sch ein ,A . N . A .

Joh n F. Carlson ,

Chaun cey

N . A .

Everett ,L. Warn e r ,

A . N . A .

F. Ryder,

The Fall Roun d Up ,” by Carl Run gius , N . A . (NO. 1 1 in the

1922 report) , recorded as assign ed to the Corco ran Gallery o f Art,

h as been 'tran sferred'

to the -Bruce A rt Museum,Green wich

,Con n . ;

an d“ Repose o f Even in g ,”by Ben Foster (NO. 12 in the 1922 report) ,

recorded as assign ed to the S an Fran cisco'

Museum o f A rt,has been

tran sferred to the Un iversity o f‘

Michigan , A nn Arbor,Mich .

It may be men tion ed in th is place that, as provided by the termso f the bequest, all wo rks purchased by the Ran ger fun d are latersii ect to tran sfer to the Nation al Gallery, as directed in

'

th e f ol

lowin g extract from the last will an d testamen t o f Hen ry WardRan gerAl l pictures so purch ased are to be given by th e coun cil to art in stitution s

in America ,or to an y l ibrary o r other in stitution s in America ma in tain in g a

T he City ArtMuseum o f St . Louis,Mo .

Gran d Rapids Art Association ,Gran d

Rapids ,Mich .

Fort Worth Museum oi'’

A’

rt, FortWorth

,T ex .

BaltimoreMuséu'

m'

oi Art , Baltimore,Md .

Memorial Art G allery Un iversity,o f

Carolin a Art Association , Charleston ,


gallery open to th e pub lic , a ll such gifts to be upo n th e express con dition

that th e Nation al Ga llery at Wa sh ingto n , admin istered by th e Smith son ian

In s titute sh all h ave th e option an d righ t, with out co st , to take , recla im, an d

own an y picture for th e ir co llection , provided th ey exercise such option an d

righ t a t an y time durin g th e fi ve year period begin n in g ten years after th e

artist’s death an d en d in g fifteen years after h is death , an d, if such Option

an d righ t is n o t exerc ised durin g such perio d, th e picture sh all remain an d

b e th e property o f th e in stitution to wh ich it was first given .

NAT ION AL GALLERY LIBRARY .

Accession s to the gallery library No s. 1—325 h ave been reco rdedfrom various sources as g ifts , purch ases , an d exchan ges , an d in cludeboun d an d un boun d vo lumes an d pamph lets .

PUBLICA T ION S .

H o lmes , W. H . Catalogue of co llection s , I , Na tion al Gallery o f Art. Governmen t Prin tin g Office , 1 922. 8vo , pp. i—vi ; 1—98 , 25 pla tes an d 1 groun d plan .

Th is is th e first n umber o f the catalogue series o f the ga llery wh ich is to

be issued from time to time as con dition s warran t. It follows in ge n eral the

form o f the catalogue o f th e art collection s o f the Na tion al Museum pre

pared by former As sistan t S ecretary Rath bun (Bul l. 70 , U. S . N. M

wh ich was pub lished, h owever, b efore th e ga llery became a separate de

partmen t Of th e In stitution . It con ta in s an in troduction by the director,

givin g a b rief accoun t o f the developmen t o f th e art in terests of the In stitu

tion an d an outlin e o f th e organ ization'

o f th e gallery. Th is is followed by a

list of the art works acquired previous to November, 1921 , with brief b iograph ies of th e artists . It is il lustrated with a groun d plan an d full pageh a lfton e pla tes o f 25 o f the most n oteworthy o f pa in tin gs an d sculptures inth e gallery.

— Repo rt 0 11 the Nation a l Ga llery of A rt f or the year en din g Jun e 3 0 , 1922.

Appen dix 2, Report o f the Secretary of th e Smith son ian In stitution : Wash

in gton , Governmen t Prin tin g Ofl‘ice , 1922, pp . 42—54. Separa te .

A two -page leaflet on the Nation a l Gallery h as a lso b een issued wh ich , liketh e recen t leaflets on the Smith son ian In stitution previously issued , is to have

a wide distribution . It is in ten ded to b rin g forcib ly to the atten tion o f the

pub lic the great n eed o f a separate buildin g to h ouse th e n ation a l art co llee

tion s .


W. H . HOLMES ,

Director, Nation al Gal lery of A r t.DR . CH ARLE S D . WALCOTT ,


APPENDIX 3 .

REPORT ON THE FREER GALLERYOFART.

SIR : I have the h onor to submit the third an n ual report on theFreer Gallery o f A rt for the year en din g Jun e

-T H E COLLECTION.

Work completed durin g the year in cludes the examin ati on, classi

fi cation , and prelimin ary cataloguin g Of Ch in ese an d J apanese ston e

sculptures an d jades begun In 1922 New work un dertaken in cludesthe prelimin ary cataloguin g an d final storage o f Ch in ese an d Japan ese bron zes, .lacquers an d wood sculptures , Near E astern an d

Egyptian pottery, an d miscellan eous Objects o f bon e,ivory, metal,

g lass , etc ., from various sources . Much addition al

'

work has beeridon e on the preservation Of Oil pain tin gs , an d on e Ch inese kakemon o

has been remoun ted i n pan el form. The autumn,win ter an d early

sprin g were largely devoted to th e in stallation o f exh ibits an d to

other preparation s for the Open in g o f the gallery to the public on

May2, in volvin g the con struction o f cases accordin g to design s previOusly made

,the design in g Of pedestals , special Stan ds , moun ts ,

a’11d easels an d the executiOn Of these under direct supervi sion Of the

curator an d the Superin ten den t , the ch o ice,exh ib ition an d labelin go f Objects , the tran sfer of books to Shelves provided for them i n the

east study room,a n d the preparation o f a brief pamph let settin g

fo rth the h isto ry o f the Freer co llection ,together

‘with n ecessary i n

fo rmation regardin g the purpose an d use o f the buildin g an d co l

lection . This pamph let was given to visitors durin g the open i n gweek and h as sin ce been

'

SOld for 5 cen ts a copy,“

havin g reached a

secon d prin tin g'

Of cOpies.

v In J un e , the‘

makin g o f iden tifi ca

tion pho tograph s for the catalogue‘

cards was begun .

BUILDING AND EQUIPMENT ..

Work accomplished durin g the year in cludes the completion o f

several un dertakin gs men tion ed in the secon d an n ual report, such

as fin ish in g gallery walls an d floors, picture frames an d screen boxes,as well. as man y n ew tasks completed or begun and the in evitable re

pairs due to n ormal settlin g o f the buildin g an d to ordin ary wearand tear . For th e exh ibitio n galleries , the workshop has turn ed out

5 2 cases , an d h as 12 o thers in work ” also 9 easels, 22 pedestals, 1 5

5 9


Special stan ds , 40' block plin th s , 5 large frames l

fo r screen s , ston e

sculptures an d tiles , 100 reeded frames f or etch in gs , 3 mo lded com

position‘

baseS fo r ston e sculptures,an d fi ve sets Of barricade stan ds

have been made ; wh ile 6 waln ut pan els f or the exh ibition o f scro llsan d 19 ben ches were con tracted for an d built outside . On th e groun dfloo r

,the east study ro om has been furn ished with cork floorin g ,

bookcases an d a desk, th e later made i n the worksh op . The Oflices ,

storage ro oms,wo rkrooms an d lavatories h ave received addition al

equipmen t,in cludin g desk ligh ts w ith n ecessary floo r outlets

,

'

metal

shelvin g , cupboards , a set o f portable Shelves fo r photograph icwo rk,glass do o r pan els, extra locks, electric fan s , etc . The fan room floorhas been pain ted

,an d in the attic

,blue size h as been applied to the

skylights an d cotto n curtain s have been hun g above the ceilin g ligh tsfor th e purpose’

o f modifyin g both ligh t an d heat . In the'

cellar,

two co lumn s have been con structed un der the partition wall betweentwo ro oms in the n orthwest corn er

‘

Of the buildin g . T o the equipi

men t o f th e court fresh so il an d a few trees have been added,

’

as

well as three peafowl from the Nation al Zoo logical Park:

an d a

Supply o f go ldfish from the Fish Commission . In debtedn ess to these’

two o rgan ization s'

is gratefully acknowledged .

OPENING AND ATTENDANCE .

T he formal open i n g o f the gallery took place durin g the Week o f

May 2 to 8 , in clusive. It was preceded by a“ press view ”

on the

morn in g o f May 1,

.an d a private view for the E stablishment an d

Regen ts o f the Smith son ian In stitution on the aftern oon o f the same

day. For the open in g week in vitation s were issued .

Total atten dan ce forMay. 19

Largest atten dan ce on Sun days , averagin g 1

Smallest atten dan ce on Mon days , averag i n g 406 .

Total atten dan ce f or Jun e 1 3 474

Largest atten dan ce durin g the week o f the Shrin ers’ con ven tion :an d on Jun e 6 an d 7

,respectively, with an average atten d

an ce o f 5 48 on other days . Durin g th e rest o f the mon th,the largest

atten dan ce was on Sun days , w ith an average o f 490,an d the smallest

o n Mon days , with an average o f 21 1 .

Atten dan ce in the study rooms for May an d Jun e : 1 86 perso n s,o f

whom 4 brought i n objects for examin ation an d 1 1 received permissio n to copy.

To tal atten dan ce forMayan d Jun e :

After Jun e regulatio n wen t in to effect ; n amely, that thebuildin g Should b e open from 9 un til every day of the weekexcept Mon day, when it Should be closed all day.

’

T h is serves a

double purpose in that it n ot on ly makes the exh ibition s ava ilable to


PERSONNEL.

Kath arin e Nash Rhoades was appo in ted associate,h er appo in tmen t

to take effect July 1 .

Kwan g - zun g Tun g was appo in ted field assistan t,his appo in tmen t

to take effect July 1 .

Arch ibald Gibson Wen ley was appo in ted field assistan t on Jun e 1 .

Ruth L. Walker, sten ographer, h an ded in h er resign ation , to takeeffect July 1 .


J. LODGE , Curator.

DR . CH ARLES D . WALCOTT,


APPENDIX

REPORT ON TH E BUREAU OFAMERICAN ETHNOLOGY .

S R : In respon se to your request I have the hOn or to submit thefo l owin g report on the fi eld researches , Office w0 1k, an d otheroperation s o f the Bureau Of American E thn ology during the fiscal yearen ded Jun e 3 0

,1923 , conducted in accordan ce with

z:j

the act o f Con

gress approved J un e The act referred to contain s the fo llowin g item :

American ethn olOgy : For con tin uin g ethn ological research es amon g the

American In dian s an d th e n atives o f H awaii , in cludin g the excava tion andpreservation o f arch eologic rema in s , un der th e direction of th e Smithson ian

In sti tution , in clud in g the n ecessary employees an d th e purchase Of n ecessary

books an d periodical s ,'The ch ief h as en deavo red to expen d t he sum o f mon ey allottedin as con servative an d econ omical a man n er as poss ible

,although

c‘

on fron ted with man y difficulties , among wh ich Is the in creased cost

o f field work . S in ce the bureau was first organ ized expen ses for itsmain ten an ce have greatly in creased, an d h ave doubled w ith in the

last ‘

10 years . S everal other ten den cies o f the times have limitedthe; production o f

‘

results . There has b een a great awaken in g o f

in terest in the treatmen t o f certain In dian t ribes by Governmen to fficials wh ich has led to a correspon ding in crease in requests for our

publication s . Never be fore was there a greater deman d for the

published reports an d bulletin s o f the bureau. The epoch makin gdiscoveries i n the Valley o f the T ombs in Egypt have very greatlyin creased in terest in the S cien ce o f Man an d the desire for more

accurate kn owledge o f preh istoric man in America is very keen .

‘

Nev'

vspapers , magazin es , an d other periodicals have don e much to

in crease th is in terest an d as may be said with regret man y fake dis

coveries have been fo isted on the public . Never before have accurate

accoun ts -o f In dian life like those published by th e Bureau of American E thn o logy been more in deman d th an at the presen t

'

timSeveral wealthy in stitution s have been led to give more mon ey to

American an th ropology. Plan s for archeological work in Yucatanan d Cen tral America costin g mahy thousan ds o f do llars a year are

mention ed in some quarters , an d man y thousan ds are an n ually ex

pended by an other in stitution on pueblo archeo logy. For lack of

adequate fun ds , the bureau is un able to carry on exten sive work o f

th is magn itude an d it remain s fo r the bureau to con tin ue its work


alo n g the lin es already success fully fo llowed : by researches an d pub

licatio n o f the results o f less ambitious plan s . It can n o t be expectedthat the quan tity o f field work with th is h an dicap can b e as great

as it was when the field was almo st un tilled,but the ch ief is strivin g

to keep the quality up to the past. For years to come as the culture

o f our abo rigin es fades in to'

the past there will be plen ty o f work to

do in gatherin g survivals an d publish in g repo rts to meet in creaseddeman d for auth oritative literature on our aborigin es . A s theworko f the bureau calls for in creased popularization ,

in the judgmen t

o f the ch ief,the bureau Should en large the n umber o f popular

articles wh ich it publishes from time to time without decreasin gstrictly tech n ical discoveries . T he pages o f our reports are full o fthe reco rds o f discoveries wh ich are little kn own an d at presen tin terest on ly a few person s because o f that fact. Th is Should beobviated by puttin g in to published form,

suitable for the- layman

o r f or studen ts in schoo ls an d co lleges , th e vast stores o f kn owledgewh ich have been made by the staff o f the bureau an d its co llaborato rs . T he great success o f the Han dbook o f American In dian sclearly in dicates the desire o f the people for popular in formation o n

our aborigin es an d the bureau with an en larged appropriation wouldbe able to con tin ue work o f th is n ature .

In complian ce with the act o f Con gress above -men tio n ed the Eureau o f American E thn o logy has

“

con tin ued its field an d office re

searches on the American In dian s in cludin g th e ethn o logy o f the

Hawaiian Islan ds , an d the in habitan ts o f Porto Rico an d the VirginI slan ds . Later in th is report is a list o f the an n ual publication s .

T h e h igh cost o f prin tin g h as somewh at reduced the quan tity .but the

quality has been main tain ed.

T he rapid modification in aborigin al culture perceptible year byvear in In dian man n ers , customs

,an d languages has led the ch ief

o f the bureau to en c ourage archeo logical an d h isto rical study o f the

In dian s . E xten sive researches have been carried on in Co lorado,

in the Harpeth Valley, Ten n ,in the Ozarks

,Mo .

,an d o n the

Atlan tic seabo ard . In addition to archeo logical research con siderable wo rk has been do n e o n documen tary h istory, especially o f theCreeks

,Choctaws , an d o ther Muskliogean tribes .

Although the bureau has h itherto published man y memo irs on theIn dian s o f the n orthwest coast , there still remain s much ethn o logi

cal work awaitin g in vestigation in th is territory. A very promi sin gbegin n in g was made in the study o f the totem po les o f th is regionby Dr . T . T Waterman

,a temporary assistan t o n the staff o f the

bureau who made a Special trip to Alaska .for that purpose . H e n ot

o n ly co llected con siderable n ew material on totem po les but.

also on

legen ds con n ected with them.

REPORT OF TH E SECRE TARY. ; 6 5

-, Th e in ten tion o f the ch ief is. to con tin ue the Work thus in auguratedin l Alaska , an d to repair on e o f the old In dian villages for education al purpo ses . The fo rmer houses o f , the Alaska n atives are .

'

n ow

rapidly go in g to destruction ; Kasaan , on e of the largest , was deSerted an d has been made a n ation al mon umen t but is Sufferin g forwan t o f care . It is proposed to begin clean in g -up th is . village , repair it, in order to min imize the dan gers -from fi re a n d van dals

,an d

put it in a con dition to afford th e greatest education al value to

future studen ts an d tourists.

1

_T h e first duty o f the ch ief bein g admin istrative in n ature much o f

h is time is taken up by deta ils o f o ffi ce work, in wh ich , un less assistedby the members o f the b ureau

,he awould be greatly han dicapped.

The work o f an swerin g letters has greatly in cre ased in the last fi ve

years , an d the deman ds on the time Of those en gaged .ih it have been

greatlymul tiplied ; Th is has affected all members o f the,staff but

it is very satisfactory to record th at the letters in reply to 1n qui riesare treated with the greatest respect an d are looked upon as auth ori

tative by the recipien ts.When in Wash in gton the ch ief has atten ded all meetin gs o f the ad

visory committee on publication s an d on e or two other committees towh ich he has been appo in ted . H e has likewise accepted the .welcomeduty o f keepin g in touch with all the archeo logical expedition s fromdifferen t in stitution s workin g on

“

ruin s in the area o f the Un itedStates in order th at he might in telligen tly advise-

a ction to the sec

retary on the requests for permits to carry on archeo logical excavation s wh ich each year are in creasin g in numbers .

5 The ch ief has made stren uous efforts to c on tin ue hi s studies o f

previous summers on the Mesa Verde Nation al Park In cooperationwith the Nation al Park Service o f the Departmen t o f the In terior.

In July,'August, an d a part o f S eptember 11 6.

was absen t fromWash

in gton , an d Oompleted th e excavation o f,

.Pipe Shrin e House,a build

in g in the Mummy Lake group o f moun ds . A n accoun t o f the in itiation o f .this work appeared in the report for last year . T h is excep

tion al ruin was completely repaired an d is n ow open for i n spectiono f .visitors .

The,

excavation an d repair Of a circular tower situated 3 00 feet'

from Far View House also en gaged h is atten tion from the middleo f July un til the clo se o f the season ; T he moun d o f ston es cover

in g th is ruin was kn own as far back as 191 5,but its h idden buildin g

was n ot revealed un til th e close o f Jun e o f th e Summer o f 1922, wh enit was foun d to be a tower with three subterran ean rooms

,called

kivas,wh ich were eviden tly used for ceremon ial purposes. Aroun d

these . rooms was formerly a crowded cemetery, o f an cien t date ,wh ichled

'

h im to regard the who le area as a n ecropo lis. The n umber o f

66 ANNUAL REPORT SMIT H S oNIAN INSTITUTION , 1923 .

in termen ts was too large fo r the n umber o f dwellin gs . T h e th ree

kir as belon g to the h ighest type o f these structures characteristic o f

th e Mesa Verde . In o n e o f them there was a well -made wall o f

secon dary con struction showin g a secon dary occupation an d ruder

mason ry. Th is kiva Sh owed S ign s o f havin g been aban don ed an d

later reoccupied,but how man y years elapsed between the two o ccu

pation s was n ot eviden t from data available .

T he excavation o f th is Mesa Verde tower led to n ew ideas o f the

structure an d use o f these remain s . hun dreds o f wh ich are foun dscattered in the can yon s an d on the mesas o f the n orthern tributarieso f the upper S an Juan River . Th is tower is a fair example o f th e

type o f these buildin gs . It was probably an outlook for observation so f the sun an d ceremon ies con n ected with th e Sky god.

The first type o f tower recogn ized in th e Mesa Verde is a Simplelo okout situated n aturally o n the summit o f a h ill or h igh elevation

,

but un accompan ied by an y other buildin g ; the seco n d type h as basalro oms wh ich apparen tly are used fo r storage o f fo od o r po ssiblyfo r habitatio n . Far View Tower is classified in a th ird type inwh ich we have a tower risin g from basal subterran ean kivas

,

gran aries , an d dwellin gs . T he purpo se o f th is type o f tower is the

same as Pipe Shrin e House .

Durin g th e greater part o f August the tops o f the walls o f Far

View House were covered with cemen t to protect th em from the

elemen ts , an d it is believed the pro tected walls will remain uprightfo r several years without further repair . The perman en t pro tectiono f th ese open ruin s is a lways diffi cult an d costly, but n ecessary.

There still remain man y un solved problems o n the Mesa Verdeawa it-in g atten tion

,but with small appropriatio n s n ew ruin s can n ot

be open ed an d tho se already open ed can n o t be repa ired .

S ome distan ce n o rth o f Far V iew Tower is the depress ion lon gago christen ed Mummy Lake. Its true n ature is un kn own

,though

it may have been a reservo ir ; but n o mummies have ever been foun din its vic in ity. In the th ick cedars about it

, Situated o n th e righthan d o f the road

,there are several small moun ds in dicatin g ruin s

,

gen erally habitatio n s , surroun din g kivas . In o n e o f these there are

walls made o f large ston es set o n edge , stan din g above groun d.

T h ese ston es pro ject 4 feet above the surface an d their size h as ledto th e ruin bein g called Megalith ic House . E xcavation work o n

th is ruin was begun but n ot completed befo re th e appropriation was

exh austed.

About every other n ight durin g the fi ve mo n ths the ch ief wo rkedo n the Mesa Verde h e gave camp - fi re talks to visitors an d Spentcon siderable time daily in explain in g the sign ificatio n o f th e excavation s wh ile th ey were in progress .

REPORT /OF TH E SECRETARY. >67

n In J un e,1923

,the ch ief made a trip to Demin g , south ern New

Mexico , an d visited differen t localities , Fort. Bayard, Cen tral , S ilverCity, an d Pin os Altos, where pictured '

food bowls h ave been foun d .

H e purchased a beautiful co llection o f .pottery from the MimbresValley, wh ich supplemen ts th at a lready ,

" in stalled ” in the Museum.

“ In 1914 the ch ief first. poin ted out that th e fMimbres Valley,'in

wh ich th is pottery is foun d, was in habited in preh istoric. times bya people who excelled all other pueblos in pain tin g realistic figureson pottery. The scien tific value o f these pictures is very great fromthe fact th at the preh istoric dwellers in the Mimbres Valley in th isway left a reliable an d permanen t record o f certain occupation s

(hun tin g , fish in g , gamblin g) , as well as won derful represen tation so f mytho logical an imals o f all varieties . If we could truth fullyin terpret these figures, our kn owledge o f the preh isto ric mytho logyo f a people o f whose h istory, lan guage , an d relation sh ip we kn own oth in g from do cumen tary sourceswould be greatly in creased.

Not f ar from the close o f the fiscal year , Pres iden t Hardin g issued

a'

proclamation declarin g three"

groups o f towers in southwestern

Co lorado an d southeaste i n Utah to be a n ation al mon umen t Th isan n oun cemen t was particularly gratifyin g to th e ch ief

,n ot on ly

because it preserved f or future gen ei ation s good eicamples o f un iquetypes of an cien t buildin gs In our southwest but also because the ideao f the reservation o f H oven weep Nation al Mon umen t origin ated In

the .Bureau o f American E thn o log y . T he three groups composmgth is mon umen t lie within -a few miles o f each other an d are locallycalled Ruin Can yon group , Holly Can yon group , an d the Tej on Mesa

group .

Durin g the fiscal year'

Dr .

.John R Swan ton ,

ethn o logist, has com

pleted the fo llowin g man uscripts : S ocial Organ ization an d S ocialUsages o f the In dian s o f th e Creek'Con federacy Religious .l e

liefs an d Medical Practices o f the Creek In dian s -

an d l

“ A Grammatical Sketch o f the Alabama

Doctor Swan ton also completed -

a card catalogue , arran ged un derstems , o f all o f the lin guistic material con tain ed in 'the Arte de la

Len gua T imuquan a , by Fran cisco 'Pare ja,an d . an E n glish - In dian

in dex for the same ; an d in itiated a report on the stories o f the south

eastern In dian s. By July-l h e h ad completed tran slation s o f stories

in the Koasati lan guage an d made a'

beginn in g’on those in Alabama .

Material was added to .

“

h is co llection o f referen ces bearin g on the

econ omic basis of American In dian life,an d some map

"

work wasdon e in con n ection with th is phase o f In dian 'life .

Th e l st o f July, 1923 , foun d Dr. T ruman Michelson,ethn o logist,

at work amon g “

the Fox In dian s o f Iowa . H e co llected suffi cien tmaterial for a man uscript en titled “ The tradition al origin

'

o f the

68. ANNUAL REPORT SMITH SONIAN INSTITUTION , 1 923 .

Fox S ociety, kn own as‘They wh o go about sin g in g

’(sin gin g

aroun d Th is material w ill be publish ed in th e Fortieth

An n ual Report o f the bureau . A good begin n in g was also made on

the ceremon ial run n ers an d atten dan ts . Tribal dissen sion s at Tama

cut short Docto r Mich elso n ’s stay amon g the Fox In dian s an d he

made a recon n aissan ce amon g the Potawatomi o fWiscon sin ,the Ch ip

pewa at Reserve in th e same State , the Ottawa o f Mich igan ,the

Delaware -Mun see of Lower Can ada , an d th e Mon tagn ais o f LakeS t. John , return in g to Wash in gton n ear th e l st Of October . H e

defin itely determin ed that there are several differen t Delaware dia

iects spoken in Can ada an d the Un ited S tate s , an d that some Of th ese

dialects are n ot clearly related ; so th at the word Delaware is merelv

a“catch all ” term.

After return in g to Wash in gton Doctor Mich elson devo ted his time

to elaboratin g the paper above men tion ed on“T he tradition al origin

o f the Fox S o ciety, kn own as‘T he S in gin g - aroun d complet

in g it for publication .

About the middle o f May Doctor Michelso n left for the field tomake a recon n aissan ce o f the Algon quin tribes o f eastern Un itedS tates an d Can ada , in cludin g the Labrador Pen in sula . H is ob ser

vation s lead h im to con clude that the aborigin al culture o f the

Pen obscots at Old Town ,Me .

,is disin tegratin g . No n e o f the youn g

people speak the lan guage , an d with the con stan t in termarryin g w ithwh ites it w ill be but a short time when ethn o logy an d fo lklore , wh ichare both well remembered

,will be a th in g o f the past. The Malecites

livin g at the “ village ,”

about 12 miles from Frederickton , New

Brun swick, clin g ten aciously to th e lan guage , wh ich is spoken un i

versally, though practically everyon e also has a good comman d o f

E n glish . Their ethn o logy, on the other han d,is fast disappearin g.

Durin g h is short visit with the Pen obscots an d Malecites,Doctor

Michelson determin ed a n umber o f peculiar morphological traits o f

the lan guage as compared with cen tral Algon quian . H e fin ds thephon etics o f both lan guages extremely diflicult, ,

an d on th e who le itmay be said that n either lan guage is arch aic in type . On Jun e 13Doctor Michelson arrived in Sydn ey, Cape Breton ,

Nova Scotia , enroute to Labrador.

The begin n in g o f the fiscal year foun d Mr. John P . Harrin gton ,ethn o logist, en gaged in the preparation for publication of h is recen t

field n otes on the Picuris an d Taos tribes Of New Mexico an d the

Mission In dian s o f Californ ia . All the n otes on the Taos In dian sco llected by the late Mrs . M. C . Steven son were copied an d arran gedf or publication .

Mr. H arrin gto n also prepared for publication a paper en titledPicuris Ch ildren ’s Stories with Texts an d S on gs .

” Th is man u

70 ANNUAL REPORT SMITH SONIAN INSTITUTION , 1 923 .

gation seemed fo rever lost. The site was un expectedly made againavailable for study o n acc oun t o f the burn in g o f th e hotel a few

years ago .

T he excavation s began early in May an d the In dian cemetery was

located on the slope o f the moun d toward the beach . T h e gravesthat were open ed were crowded with human bodies , trin kets , an d a

great variety o f uten sils . Amon g the specimen s are a fragmen t o f a

soapsto n e can oe,soapston e pipes

,fi shhooks o f abalon e an d bon e

,

sin ker ston es,aI rowheads o f great variety, spear" heads

, about 40mortars, pestles , in cludin g some very lo n g on es

,beads o f man y kin ds,

pen dan ts,daggers , bowls and kettles o f so apston e , n ative pain t , etc .

Mr. Harrin gton has prepared for publicatio n durin g th e fiscal

year approximately pages o f man uscript.

Mr. J . N. B . Hewitt, ethn o logist , completed durin g the fiscal year

the secon d part o f h is Iq uOian Cosmo logy, the first part h avin gappeared In the Twen ty first An n ual Report o f the buI eau.

Durin g the year Mr . Hewitt Spen t some time editin g a man u

script en titled Report o n the In dian Tribes o f the Upper Missouri,

”

byMr . Edwin Thompson Den ig , to the H on . Isaac S teven '

s,Govern or

o f Wash in gton Territo ry in 1 854 wh ich has been submitted forpublication .

Mr . Hewitt devo ted much time an d research in the preparation o f

data for official replies to correspo n den ts o f the bureau. These in

quiries in their scope touch almo st the en tire ran ge o f human in terest,

very o ften seekin g in fo rmation quite outside o f th e specific fie ld o f

research belon gin g to th is bureau . About 100 such replies were prepared

,although some o f th em required mo re th an a day

’s wo rk in

preparatio n .

Mr . Hewitt also acted as the represen tative o f th e Smith so n ianIn stitutio n o n the Un ited S tates Bo ard o f Geo graph ic Names .

On May 1 8 , 1923 , Mr . Hewitt left Wash in gto n on field duty. H IS

dest in ation was the Gran d River Gran t to the S ix Nat io n s o f Iro

quo is dwellin g n ear Bran tford,On tario

,Can ada . A t th is place .

Mr . Hewitt made an in ten sive study an d revision an d fuller in ter

pretation o f h is vo lumin ous texts— texts wh ich h e h ad recorded so

fortun ately in previous visits to th is place . These texts embody th etraditio n s o f the foun din g o f the Le ague o r Con federation o f th e

Five Tribes o f the Iroquo is in the closin g decades o f the sixteen thcen tury. They con tain also the prin ciples an d laws upon wh ich itwas established , as well as the complete rituals an d ch an ts o f th e

Coun cil o f Con do len ce an d In stallatio n o f th e Federal Governmen t,

an d full explan ation s o f the in tricate po litical relatio n sh ips o f the

kin dreds composin g the tribal members Of'

the league .

H e was also fortun ate in recoverin g en ough data re latin g to theFederal an d tribal ch ie ftain esses to en able h im to affirm th e former

0

REPoRT OF“

TH E ~ SEORETARY.

' 71

existen ce o f a set o f“

offi cial n ames for every on e Of'

these women

magistrates . H e also recorded much valuable in fo rmation relatin gto the several in stitution s o f the league .

On Jun e 24,Mr . Hewitt made a short visit -to the

‘On on daga

R eservatio n,lyin g about 8 miles south o f Syracuse , N .

'

Y “ H e de

voted his time o n th is reservation to a comparison o f the . limitedkn owledge possessed by the on ly two men who h ad an y defin itein formation o f the various in stitution s an d laws an d in stallationrituals o f the Iroquo is Con federation ,

with th e“

records -wh ich he

possesses . The Object was to as certain,if how much

o f hiS'

Can adian material,if an y, could be

“

said to be recen t,or wheth erthe differen ces in the con ten t were due merely to the breakdown Ofthe tradition s Of the New York On on daga . H e con vin ced h imselfthat the latter was the so le cause .

Mr . Fran cis La Flesche , ethn o logist , was engaged most o f the

t ime durin g the fiscal year in assemblin g h is n otes for the ,th ird

vo lume o f his work on The Osage Tribe . In th is vo lume are recordedtwo rituals o f the Osage tribal rites . On e Is en titled Wa - xo

’-be

A -Wa - tho n

, S in ging o f th eWa -xo’-be Son gs , an d th e other, Ca Th a-g e

"G a =xe,Weavin g o f the Rush .

SPECIAL RESEARCH E S .

In her studies o f In dian music duri n g the fiscal year Miss Fran cesD en smore h as In cluded th e so n gs Of three tribes livin g in Arizon a ,n ear the Mexican b o rdeI . These tribes are the Yuma

,Mohave , an d

Papago . On e Of the man uscripts submitted th is year deals with thecremation ceremon y o f the

“Yuma,witn essed by Miss Den smore in

1922. Th e ceremon ial son gs o f th is rite were recorded and in forma

tion given by the Oldest man,who has the hereditary righ t to ‘sin g

these son gs . It is the custom Of the Yuma In dian s to hold a

memorial ceremon y with in a year after a death,at wh ich an image

o f,

the deceased is burn ed . After th is ceremon y th e n ame o f the

dead “

is n ever spoken . A full description o f this ceremony was sub

mitted,together with tran scription s o f its son gs .

T he treatmen t o f the sick by these tribes was also studied an d

healin g so n gs o f each tribe were submitted. Amon g these were theson gs Of a Yuma medicin e man

,who claims the power to cure per

son s sufferin g from woun ds in th e chest , accompan ied by h emorrh age . Th is Sh aman said th at he did th is by the aid o f four in

sects an d birds , on e o f wh ich h as power over the fluids o f the body.

H is son gs are cheerful an d sooth in g In character,an d it is in terest

in g to n ote that he fo rbade the people to weep durin g h is treatmen t,

requirin g that they“appear cheerful an d act in a n atural man n er.

’

Four man uscripts were submitted byMiss Den smore durin g the

72 ANNUAL REPORT SMITH SONIAN INST ITUT ION , 1923 .

year, bearin g the fo llowin g titles : Papago medic in e an d dan cin gson gs ,

” Dream an d war son gs o f the Papago In dian s ,” Cremation

an d memorial ceremon ies o f the Yuma In dian s , with related son gs ,”

an d“ Lightn in g an d medicin e son gs o f the Yuma an d Moh ave In

dian s .

” Th is material comprised 93 pages o f man uscript an d 84:

tran scription s o f son gs , together with the o rigin al ph on ograph icreco rds an d tabulated an d descriptive an alyses Of the son gs . T he

two most in terestin g musical discoveries made in th is work are the

presen ce in these tribes Of so n gs wh ich may b e termed “ pure melodywithout to n ality,

”an d th e in depen den t an d elaborated rhythm o f

the accompan yin g in strumen t, either a gourd rattle or a basket drum.

In man y in stan ces the accompan yin g in strumen t is tran scribed sep

arately from the melody in o rder to show its peculiarities .

Durin g th e summer o f 1922 Miss Den smore visited the Ch ippewa

reservation s at Lac Court Oreilles , Wis ,an d Leech Lake an d Mille

Lac , Min n ,co llectin g addition al specimen s o f plan ts used in treatin g

the sick,an d other data .

In the sprin g o f 1923 Mr . W. E . Myer , special archeo logist, spen tseveralmon th s in vestigatin g arch eo logical remain s in cen tral Ten n essee . H e visited the an cien t moun d group o f the Ban ks Lin k farmon Duck River, in Humphreys Coun ty, Ten n .

,wh ere was foun d the

celebrated cache o f fi n e , lo n g flin t blades and other flin t Objects n ow

the pride Of the co llection o f th e Missouri Historical S ociety. H e

made a map o f th is group an d Obtain ed addition al in fo rmatio n inregard to th ese masterpieces o f the an cien t fi in t- ch ipper’s art.

Through the active aid o f several citizen s o f Lin co ln Coun ty hewas en abled to visit an d study an impo rtan t an d h itherto un describedmoun d group o n E lkRiver, at the jun ction o f Lin co ln

,Mo ore , an d

Franklin Coun ties . H e also Obtain ed the defin ite locatio n o f over

75 un recorded S ites on wh ich an cien t man had lived in Lin co lnCoun ty.

H e explored a small burial moun d an d o ther vestiges o f an an cien tIn dian village o n the lan ds o f Mr; L . IV. Den n y, Goodlettsville ,Davidson Coun ty, Ten n ,

where he foun d 20 skeleton s . There was

eviden ce that two differen t tribes had o ccupied th is site at separatetimes in the past, an d the moun d yielded a n umber Of fi n e artifactswh ich throw light on the life o f the people .

Mr. Myer spen t two mon th s explorin g the remain s o f a great pre

h istoric fortified In dian town in Cheatham Coun ty, Ten n .,kn own as

the Great Moun d Group on accoun t o f its great cen tral moun d.

With the assistan ce o f Mr . Wilbur Nelson , S tate geo logist o f Ten n essee , an excellen t topograph ical map was made

,

"

an d through th e re

peated effo rts o f Lieut . Norman McEwen , Of the l 3 6th A ir Squadron ,

Ten n essee Nation al Guard,some good airplan e photographs Of the

moun d on th e Harpeth River,n ear Kin gston Sprin gs , were secured.

REPORT OF'

TH E SECRETARY.

“ 73“

These remain s cover approximately 500 acres In two ben ds'

o f th e

river ..In on e ben d he foun d a bo ld pro jectin g h ill wh ich h ad been

artifi cally shaped frombottom to top . Three wide terraces had beenformed alon g the side o f th is h ill. The origin al

'rounded summit had

been leveled Un til a great plaza or public square , about feet inlen gth an d 5 00 feet i n breadth

,had been formed . Upon th e sides

o f th is level plaza on e very large moun d and two smaller on es h ad

been erected. Th is section o f the an cien t town Was protected on th e

water side by the perpen dicular c liffs o f the Harpeth River . On

the lan d s ide it was defen ded'

byan earthen embankmen t'

Or breastworks surmoun ted by a wooden wall

,from wh ich at in tervals semi

circular woo den towers‘

pro jected. These earthen breastworks,which

had formerly supported th is woo den wall,were still to be

“

foun d ‘in

the un disturbed woodlan ds,where they yet exten d about 19; miles ,

an d there is eviden ce that theyoriginally ran much farther. Woodenpalisades , con sistin g o f Small tree trun ks , h ad been driven in to th e

groun d side by side an d wedged togeth er an d the so il thrown again stthemun til they were by th is mean s firmly embedded In these earthen

emb ankmen ts or breastworks . These palisades , boun d closely to

gether and stro n gly braced, formed -a wooden wall wh ich had been

plastered on the o utside in order to make scalin g by an'

en emy diffi

cult. E arthen bastion s pro jectin g b eyon d th is line o f wall at in ter=

vals o f about 1 50 yards were still to be foun d. These h ad formerlysupported the semic ircular wo oden towers .

‘

~ The en emy advan cingto attack was therefore subjected to fi re from the defen ders throughportho les a lon g the main zwall an d also to a flan kin g fi re from the

warriors in the towers o n these b astion s . Fain t traces o f some ofthe timbers Of these palisades an d woo den towers were foun d . in the

So il o f these emban kmen ts .

Wh ile the great cen tral moun d an d terraced h ill . formed themoststrikin g feature o f th is an cien t town ,

there were in the ;in closure . four

other emin en ces whose summits had likewise been leveled in to plazas ;

A ll these plazas yie lded traces Of earth lodges an d o ther eviden ces o fformer buildin gs . The earth lodges o f the cOM on people wer e

situated o n the edges o f the terraces . The larger moun ds h ad prob

ably supported important public buildin gs an d the lodges Of leadin gperson ages . Th is gro inpin g o f importan t buildings aroun d fi ve sep

arate plazas a n d in differen t parts o f the town very probably in di

hates th at the population Was made up'

Of What h ad on ce beenfour or fi ve separate auton omous groups Of kin dred peoples . Here in

their later home each group“

had gathered aroun d their own public

square in their own section o f the town an d thus preserved at least

some o f their old ceremon ials an d held together in some fashion their

o ld organ ization .


It is impossible to determin e even approximately the n umber o f

in habitan ts,but the large n umber o f the buildin gs an d th e lon g exten t

o f the walls in dicate a populatio n o f several th ousan d. All thebuildings whose traces were un covered appear to h ave been burn ed .

Below th e fallen - in wall o f an importan t buildin g th e charred re

main s o f the woven reed tapestry wh ich h ad formerly hun g upo nthe wall were secured fo r the Nation al Museum.

It is n ot as yet possible to determin e the age o f these remain s.

Beyon d all question th is town h ad been destroyed lon g before thecomin g o f the wh ite s . NO Object o f wh ite man

’s man ufacture was

foun d o n th is site .

Mr. Gerard Fowke carried on archeo log ical in vestigation s in"

the

Stratman“ Cave in Maries Coun ty, MO. Th is cave , wh ich is situated

a little more th an 2_miles south o f Gascon dy, the po in t at wh ich theRock Islan d Railro ad crosses Gascon ade River, h as an open in g on

the side o f a h ill about 1 5 0 feet h igh . T he approach to the cave on

the river side is very steep , but from the top o f the h ill it is lessdiffi cult. Mr . Fowke Open ed a tren ch on the outside Slope o f the

talus at a po in t 3 0 feet from the en tran ce o f the cave an d 16 feetbelow the floor level. H e foun d most o f the eviden ces Of human

o ccupation in superficial black earth , scattered throughout wh ichfrom bottom to top were fragmen ts o f pottery, parts o f vessels o f

varyin g capac ity an d th ickn ess ; chert kn ives or spearheads,n on e

h igh ly fin ished ; hun dreds o f th ousan ds o f mussel shells more or lessdecayed ; an d other Objects so abun dan tly foun d o n th e n umerous

camp sites an d village sites alo n g the Gascon ade River . T he artifacts were few in n umber an d scattered through out the mass

,n o

where mo re th an a few pieces in a cubic foot o f earth . Th is den otestemporary o ccupatio n

,at irregular in tervals, over a lon g period o f

time . Yet th e cave was n ot altogeth er merely a resort for temporaryhun ters or war parties . In addition to the pottery, wh ich sh ows at

least o ccasion al so journ in g in th e cave , there were fragmen tarybon es , too fragile to preserve, o f a ch ild 2 or 3 years Old,o f an other

somewh at o lder, an d a small adult,possibly a woman . These bon es

were foun d in differen t places but n ear the surface; there were n o

o ther in dication s o f burials . The on ly specimen s foun d worthy o f

n ote were a small hammer made o f a chert twin - con cretion an d

bearingeviden ce o f lon g service ; a pebble , used for sharpen in g smallbon e implemen ts an d f or smoo th in g leather or rawh ide strin gs ; an d

'

a double con cave disco idal with V- Sh aped margin .

‘Wh ile the results o f the work at S tratman Cave con tributedlittle to the an tiquity o f man in Missouri ,Mr . Fowke’s studies

,wh ich

are accompan ied by a small co llection,are valuable in a comparative

REPORT OF TH E SECRETARY. 75

way . T he Ozark reg l on In Missouri is yieldingman y surprises toth e arch eo logist an d it is believed th at th ere still remain s muchfield work to be don e here an d In the n eighborhood before the chal

acter a n d an tiquity Of the In dians Of that region are defin itelydetermin ed .

With a small appropriation Mr . Joh n L . Baer carried on in struc

tive field studies on the ban n er ston es in the Susquehan n a Riverregion ,

an d was able to make a good Series reachin g from the Imperfect form in to the more symmetrical

'

ob j ects . H e also i n vestigatedthe pictograph s foun d n ear Delta

,Pa .

ED ITORIAL WORK AND PUBLICATIONS .

The editin g o f the publication s o f the bureau ~ was c on tin uedthrough the year by Mr . Stan ley S earles , editor, assisted by Mrs.

Fran ces S . Nicho ls,editorial assistan t.

"

The status o f the publication s is presen ted in the fo llowin g summary

PUBLICA T ION S I S SUED.

Thirty-fourth An n ual Report . Accompan yin g paper : A .Preh istoric Islan d Cule

ture Area o f Ame rica (Fewkes ) . 281 pp .,120

‘

pls . , 69. fi gs .

Th irty-seven th An n ua l Report. Accompan yin g paper : T h e Win n ebago Tribe(Radin ) . 5 60 pp . , 5 8 pls . , 3 8 fi gs .

Bulletin 76 . Arch eologica l In vestigati on s (Rowke ) . 204 pp ., 45 pls ; .3 7 fi gs .

Bulletin “

77 . Villages Of th e A lga uian, S iouan ,

an d Caddoan Tribes West of

th e MIss issippi (Bush n ell ) . 21 1 pp . , 5 5 p ls . , 1 2 fi gs .

PUBLICA TION S IN PRE S S OR IN PREPARAT ION .

T h irty-eigh th An n ua l Report. Accompan yin g paper : An . In troductory S tudy of

th e Arts , Crafts , an d Customs of th e Guian a In dian s (Roth )Th irty-n in th An n ual Report. Accompan yin g paper : T he Osage Trib e : T he Riteof Vigil (La Flesch e ) .

Fo rtieth An n ual Report. Accompan yin g papers . T he Myth ical Origin o f the

Wh ite Buffa lo Dan ce of th e Fox In dian s ; T he Autob iography o f a Fox

In dian Woman ; Notes on Fox Mortuary Customs an d Beliefs ; No tes on the

Fox S ociety kn own as“ Th ose Wh o Worsh ip the Little Spotted Bufi alo

T he Tradition al Origin of th e Fox Society kn own as“T h e S in gin g-Aroun d

Rite ” (Michelson ) .

Forty-fi rst An n ual Report . Accompan yin g paper : S ocial Organ ization an d

S ocia l Usages of th e In dian s o f th e Creek Con federacy “

(Swan ton ) .

Bulletin 78 . H an dbook of th e In d ian s of Californ ia (Kroeb er ) .

Bulletin 79 .Blood Reven ge ; War , an d Victory Feasts among th e Jib aro In

dian s of Eastern E cuador (Karsten ) .

Bulletin 80 . Man dan an d H idatsa Music (Den smore ) .

Bulletin 81 . E xcavation s in th e Ch ama Valley,New Mexico (J ean con ) .

Bulletin 82 . Fewkes an d Gordon Groups of Moun ds in Middle Tennessee

(Myer ) .

76 ANNUAL REPORT SMITH SONIAN INSTITUTION , 1 923 .

DISTRIBUTION OF PUBLICATIONS .

The distribution o f publication s h as been con tin ued un der the

immediate charge o f Miss Helen Mun roe , ass isted by Miss Emma

B . Powers . Publication s were distributed as follows

An n ua l reports an d

Bulletin s an d separa tesCon tribution s to North American E th n ology

In troduction s

Miscel lan eous pub lication s

1 7 , 694

A s compared w ith the fiscal year en din g Jun e 3 0 , 1922, there wasan in crease o f 3 479 publication s distributed.

ILLUS TRATIONS .

Mr . DeLan cey Gill , illustrator, w ith th e assistan ce o f Mr .

E . Sween ey, con tin ued the preparatio n o f the illustration sbureau. A summary o f th is wo rk fo llo

'

ws

Drawin gs f or pub lication sPh o tograph s retouch ed f or en gravin g

I llustration copy made ready f or en gravin g

Illustra tive proo f edited

E dition s o f colored plates examin ed at Governmen t Prin tin g Oth eeNegatives preparedFilms developed from field expo suresPrin ts for d istribution an d office use

In November o f last year Mr . Gill began to reclassify the largeco llection o f eth n o logic an d arch eo logic n egatives with a view o f

preparin g a compreh en sive catalogue o f the lin guistic families an d

tribes with such h istoric data as is ava ilable . H e h as made go odprogress in th is work. About n egatives h ave already beencatalogued .

LIBRARY.

The referen ce library con tin ued un der the immediate care o f MissE lla Leary, librarian , ass isted by Mr. Roderick McPherson an d laterby Mr . Thomas Blackwell .Durin g the

lyear 5 00 books were accession ed . Of

l

these 70 were

acquired by purch ase , 1 3 0 by gift an d exchan ge , an d 3 00 by bin din go f perio dicals . T he curren t periodicals an n ually received n umberabout 925 , o f wh ich 3 5 are by Subscription ,

the remain der bein gobtain ed through exchan ge . The bureau h as also received 200

pamph lets . The aggregate n umber o f vo lumes in the library at the

close o f the year was o f pamph lets about S atisfactory

APPENDIX 5 .

REPORT ON TH E INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE S .

S IR : I have the hon o r to submit the fo llow in g report o n the

Operation s o f the In te rn ation al E xchan ge S ervice durin g the fiscal

year en din g Jun e 3 0 , 1923T h e work Of the service h avin g return ed to a n ormal basis

,an

estimate o f was submitted for carryin g o n

.

th e exch an ges

durin g th e year, wh ich is less th an that appropriated for the

fi scal year 1922. Th is appropriation was made by Con gress an d in

addition $200 a s allowed for prin ting an d bin din g . The repaymen ts from depa rtmen tal

'

an d o ther establishmen ts amoun ted to

makin g th e to tal resources ava ilable durin g the year.

T he total n umber o f packages h an dled durin g th e past 12 mon th s

was a decrease fromthe n umber fo r th e precedin g year o f

T he total weight o f these packages was poun ds,a

decrease o f Th is large decrease in th e weigh t was due to

the fact that man y o f the packages sen t abroad co n tain ed smallpublicatio n s .

T he n umber an d weight o f th e packages o f differen t classes'

are

in dicated in the fo llowin g table

Packages . Weigh t .

Sen t . R eceived . Sen t . R eceived .

Poun ds . Poun ds.

Un ited States parliamen tary documen ts sen t abroad 141 884 63 325

Publication s received in return for parli amen tary documen ts

Un i ted States departmen tal documen ts sen t abroad . 152,169

Pub lication s received in return for departmen tal documen ts

Miscellan eous scien tifi c an d literary pub lication s sen t abroad . 154,43 7

Miscellan eous scien tific an d literary pub lication s received fromab road for distribution in the Un ited States . c c c c c c c c c c

3 39,43 8

377, 826 492, 816

Although it is true th at the Un ited States Govern men t sen dsabroad more publication s than it receives in exch an ge , th e disparityis n ot so great as appears in the table

,for man y fo reign publica


tion s are forwarded by mail “

to the addresses in th is coun try without

passin g through the exchan ges .

“ ( It was stated in the last report that the Govern men t o f,Rouman ia

had been appro ached with a V iew to the reopen in g o f exch an ge re

lation s with that -coun try, an d further th at "th e In stitution h ad ar

ran ged directly with the In stitutul Meteoro logic Cen tral , at Buk

b arest, to take charge o f the forwardin g an d distributin g o f exch an gecon signmen ts . Durin g the past year a commun ication has been re

ceived through'

the Departmen t o f State from th e Governmen t o f

Rouman ia to the effect that the'

above—men tion ed in stitute had beendesign ated as th e official Rouman ia E xchan ge Bureau . A . n ote was

received from Rouman ia, through th e Belgian Governmen t

,statin g

that un der date Of Jun e 5,1923

, the Rouman ian Governmen t had

declared its adheren ce to the Brussels Con ven tion '

s o f 1886, pro

-Qy idin g fo r the exchan ge o f Official documen ts an d scien tific an d lit

erary publication s an d the immediate exchan ge Of the official journ al.For a n umber Of years the exchan ge o f official documen ts h as been

con ducted with Rouman ia , although th at coun try has on ly recen tlygiven its formal adheren ce to the con ven tion s.

The con ditio n s in Russia an d Turkey h ave“

n ot yet improvedsuffi cien tly to warran t the In stitution in takin g steps to establishofficial exch an ge bureaus in those coun tries . T he In stitution has

,

however, arran ged with the American Frien ds Service Committee

to forward to Russia the large accumulation s o f scien tific an d literarypublication s for correspon den ts in that coun try. Two consignmen ts ,comprisin g a total o f 70 boxes

,h ave thus far been forwarded to

Russia in th is way. T he Academy o f Scien ces in Petrograd is act

in g as the distributin g agen cy.

There were sh ipped abroad durin g the year boxes , bein g a

decrease o f 995 from thé n umber for the precedin g 12 mon ths . Th isdecrease in the n umber o f boxes forwarded abroad

,in comparison

with the n umber sh ipped durin g the previous year, is due partlyto the smaller size o f man y o f the publicatio n s , ‘to wh ich referen ce

has already been made,an d partly to the fact that the n umber o f

boxes sen t'

abroad ' laSt year was the/largest in the h istory o f th e

service , the usual n umber bein g about annually. Moreover,

packages for certain coun tries were sen t direct to their destin ation bymail

,owin g to th e fact that a suffi cien t n umber had not accumulated

to n iake box sh ipmen ts when the regular mon th ly con signmen ts

would have been forwarded. About packages were forwarded

in th is man n er durin g the year.

Of the total n umber o f boxes sen t abroad 214 con tain ed full sets

o f Un ited S tatesofficial documen ts for fo reign depo sitories an d

8 0 ANNUAL REPORT SMITH SONIAN INSTITUTION,1 923 .

in cluded departmen tal an d other publication s for the depositorieso f partial sets an d for miscellan eous correspon den ts.

T he n umber o f boxes sen t to each Coun try is given in the fo llowin gtable

Con signmen ts o f exchan ges for foreign coun tries .

Coun try. Coun try.of b oxes .

Colomb ia

Costa R ica

Cuba

C zech oslovakia

Dan zig.

Denmark

E gypt . .

E sth on ia .

Far E astern R epub licFin lan d

Fran ce

G erman y

Great Britain an d Irelan d

G reece

H aiti

H un gary

n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n nnn n n n n n n

o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

FORE IGN DEPOS ITORIE S OF UNITED STATE S GOVERNMENTALDOCUMENTS .

In accordan ce with the terms o f“

a con ven tion con cluded at

Brussels March 1 5 , 1886 , an d un der authority gran ted by Con gressin reso lution s approved March 2

,1 867, an d March 2

,1901 , there are

n ow sen t through exch an ge ch an n els regularly to depositories‘

abroad57 full sets o f Un ited States o ffi cial documen ts an d 3 8 partial sets.

DEPOS ITORIES OF FULL SET S .

ARGENT INA : Min isterio de Relacion es E xteriores , Buen os Aires .

AU S TRALIA : Lib rary of the Commonwea lth Parliamen t, Melbourn e .

AU S TRIA : Bun desamt f iir S tatistik, S chwarzen bergstrasse 5 , Vien n a I .

BADEN : Un iversitats -Bib liothek, Freiburg . (Depository o f th e S tate of Baden . )

BAVARIA : S taa ts—Bib lio th ek , Mun ich .

BELGIUM : Bib lio theque Royale ,Brussels .

BRA ZIL : Bib lioth eca Nac ion al , R io de J an e iro .

South Australia

SpainSweden .

Switzerlan d

T asman ia .

Un ion o f South A frica

Uruguay

Ven ezuela .

V ictoria

Western A ustralia .

Yugoslavia

REPORT OF TH E SECRETARY. 8 1

BUENOS AIRES : B ib lio teca de la Un ivers idad Nacion a l de La Plata . (DepositOry of the Provin ce of Buen os Aires

CANADA : Library of Parliamen t, Ottawa .

H ILE : Bib lioteca del Con greso Nacion al , San tiago .

CH INA : American Ch in ese Pub lication Exchan ge Departmen t , Shan gh ai Bureau'of Fore ign A fi a irs , Shan gh a i.

COLOMBIA : Bib lioteca Nacion a l , Bogota.

COSTA RICA : Ofi cin a de Depos ito y Can je In tern acion a l de Pub licac i on es , San

CUBA : Secretaria de E stado (Asun tos Gen erales y Can je In tern acion al ) ,

H ab an a .

CZECIIOSLOVAKIA : Bib liotheque de l’A sse‘mb lée‘

Nation ale , Prague .

DENMARK : Kon gelige'

Bib liotheket, Copen hagen .

'

E NGLAND : British Museum, Lon don .

FRANCE Bib liotheque Nation ale , Paris .

GERMANY : Deutsche Reich stags-Bib lioth ek , Berlin .

GLA SGow'

: City'

Librarian , Mitchell Library, Glasgow.

GREECE : Bib liotheque Nation ale,Athen s.

H AITI Secrétaired’E tat des Relation s Extérieures, Port au Prin ce.

H UNGARY : H un garian H ouse of Delegates , Budapest.INDIA : Imperial Library, Calcutta .

IRELAND : Nation al Lib rary of Irelan d , Dub lin .

ITALY : Bib lio teca Nazion ale Vittorio Eman uele, Rome .

JAPAN : Imperial Library of J apan ‘

,Tokyo .

LONDON 'Lon don S ch oo l of E con omics and Pelitical Scien ce." (Depository of

the Lon don Coun ty Coun cil. )

MANITOBA : Provin cial Library, Win n ipeg.

MEXICO ; In stituto Bib liografi co , Bib lioteca Nacion al Mexico .

NETH ERLAa z Bib lioth eek van de Tweede Kamer der'

Staten-Gen eraal , T heH ague.

NEW SOUTH WALE s : Pub lic Library o f New South Wa les , Sydn ey.

NEW ZEALAND : Gen eral Assemb ly Library,'

Wellin gton .

Notwn : S torth in gets Bib liothek , Christian ia .

Legislative Library, Toronto ;PARI s : Prefecture de la Sein e .

PERU ; Bib lioteca N acional, Lima .

POLAND : Bibliotheque du Min istero des Affaires E tran geres , Warsaw.

PORTUGAL : Bib liotheca Nacion al , LisbonPRU S SIA : Preuss ische Staatsb ib liothek, Berlin , N.W. 7.

QUEBE0 : Library of the Legislature of the Provin ce of Quebec, Quebec:QUEEN SLAND : Parliamen tary Library, Brisban e .

RU S S IA : Sh ipmen ts temporarily suspen dedSAxONY : Lan desb ib liothek , Dresden -N

,

SOUTH AU S TRALIA : Parliamen tary Library, Adela ide .

SPAIN : Servicio del Ca'

mb io In tern acion al de Pub licacion es , Cuerpo: Facultativo

‘

de Arch iveros , Bib liotecario s y ArqueOlogos , Madrid.

SWEDEN : Kun gliga Bib liotekét, Stockho lm )"

SWIT ZERLAND : Bib liotheque Fédérale Cen trale, Bern e .

TASM-A’

N IA : Parliamen tary Library, H obart.

TURKEY : Sh ipmen ts temporarily suspen ded.

UNION OF'

SOUTH AFRICA S tate Library, Pretoria , T ran svaal.

URUGUAY : Ofi cin a de Can je In tern acion al de Pub licacion es , Mon tevideo.

82 ANNUAL REPORT SM IT H S ON IAN INSTITUTION,1923 .

VENEZUELA : B ib lio teca Nac io n a l , Ca racas .

VICTORIA : Pub lic Lib ra ry o f Victoria ,Melb ourn e .

WE S TERN AU S T RALIA : Pub lic Lib rary o f Wes tern Austra lia , Perth .

WURTTEMBERG : Lan desb ib lio thek, S tuttgart.

YUGOSLAVIA : Min is tere des A fi a ires E tra n geres , Belgrade .

DEPOS ITORIE S OF PART IAL S ET S .

ALBERTA : Provin cial Lib rary , E dmon ton .

ALSACE -LORRA INE : B ib lio theque Un ivers ita ire et Région ale de S trasb ourg , S tras

b ourg.

BOLIVIA : Min isterio de Colon izac ion y Agricultura ,La Paz.

BRA ZIL : B ib lio th eca da Assemb lea Leg islativa do E s tado do R io de Jan e iro ,Nicth eroy .

BREMEN : S en a tskommiss ion fur Reich s un d Auswartige An gelegen he iten .

BRIT I S H COLUMBIA : Legis lative Lib rary ,Victoria .

BR IT I S H GU IANA : Governmen t S ecre ta ry’s Ofi ice ,Georgetown ,

Demera ra .

BULGARIA : Min isters des Affa ires E tran geres , S ofia .

CEYLON : Co lon ia l S ecretary’s Office (Reco rd Departmen t o f the Lib rary ) , Co l

lombo .

E CU ADOR : Bib l io teca Nac io n a l , Quito .

E GYPT : B ib lio theque Kh édivia le , Ca iro .

FINLAND : Cen tral Libra ry o f the S tate , H elsin gfo rs .

GUA TEMALA : S ecretary o f th e Governmen t, Guatema la .

H AMBURG : Sen atskommiss ion f iir die Re ich s ~ un d Auswartigen An gelegenh e iten .

H E S S E : Lan desb ib l io th ek , Darmstadt.H ONDURA s : S ecretary o f th e Governmen t, Teguc iga lpa .

JAMA ICA : Co lon ia l Secre tary,Kin gston .

LAT VIA : Min istry of Fo re ign Affa irs , R iga .

LIBERIA : Departme n t o f S tate , Mon rovia .

LOURENCO MARQUEZ ; Governmen t Lib rary, Louren co Marquez .

LUBECK : Presiden t of th e S en a te“

.

MADRA S,PROVIN CE OF : Ch ief Secretary to the Governmen t of Madras , Pub lic

Departmen t, Madras .

MALT A : Lieuten an t Go vern o r, Va letta .

NEW BRUN SWICK : Legis lative Lib rary, Fredericton .

NEWFOUNDLAND : Co lon ia l S ecretary, S t. Joh n ’s .

NICARAGUA : Superin ten den te de Arch ivo s Nacion ales , Man agua .

NOVA Secretary o f Nova Scotia , H a lifax .

PANAMA : Secretaria de Relacio n es E xteriores , Pan ama .

PARAGUAY : Ofi cin a Gen era l de Inmigrac ion , Asun cion .

PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND : Legislative Lib ra ry, Charlottetown .

ROUMAN IA : Academia Roman a , Bukh ares t.

SALVADOR : Min isterio de Re lacion es E x teriores , San S alvador .

SA SKAT CH EWA N : Govern men t Library, Regin a .

S IAM : Departmen t o f Fo re ign Ad a irs , Ban gkok .

STRAIT S SET TLEMENT s : Co lon ia l Secretary , S in gapore .

SWIT ZERLAND : Lib rary o f th e League o f Nation s , Pa lace o f Nation s Qua i doLeman

,Gen eva .

UN IT ED PROVIN CE S 'OF AGRA AN i) OUDH : Un dersecretary to Governmen t, Allahabad . i w

VIENNA : Burgerme ister-Amt de r S tadt Wien .


INTERPARLIAMENTARY EXCH ANGE OF OFFICIAL JOURNALS .

The in terparliamen tary exchan ge“

is carried on by : th is in stitutionin behalf o f the Un ited States Governmen t in

"

accordan ce withauthority gran ted in a con gression al reso lution

/approved

‘

March 4,

1909,th e purpose o f that reso lution bein g to

'

carry in to effect theprovision s o f the secon d con ven tion con cluded .at Brussels, March

15,1886, providin g for t he immediate exchan ge o f theOfficial Journ al,

as well as o f the parliamen tary an n als an d documen ts , to wh ich theUn ited S tates was On e o f the sign atories .

A complete list of the coun tries n ow takIn g part in this exchangeis given below,

together with the n ames o f the establishmen ts towh ich the daily issue o f the Con gression al Record is mailed :

ARGENTINA : Bib lioteca del Con greso Naciona1, Buen os Aires .

A :U STRALIA Library of th e Common wealth Parliamen t, Melbourne.AUSTRIA : Bib liothek des Natio‘

n alratesj Wien I.

BADEN : Un iversitatS-Bib liothek, H eidelberg.

zELGIUM : Bib liotheque de' la Ch ambre des Represe n tan ts , Brussels .

BOLIVIA : Camera de Diputados , Con greso Nacional, La “

Paz.

BRAZIL : Bib lioth eca d o Con gresso Nacion al ,,

R io de J an eiro .

BUENOS A IRE s : Bibl ioteca del Sen ado de la Provin cia de Buen os Aires , La Plata .

CANADA

Library o f Parliamen t, Ottawa .

Clerk of th e Sen ate , H ouses of Parliamen t, Ottawa .

COSTA R IcA : Ofi cin a de Deposi'to y Canje In tern acion al de PublicaciOneS, SanJ osé

CUBA

Bib lio teca de la Camarade Represen tan tes , H aban a .

Bib lioteca del Sen ado , H aban a .

CZECH OSLOVAKIA : Bib liotheque de l’A ssemb lée Nationale , Prague .

DENMARK : Rigsdagen s Bureau, Keben havn .

E S TH ON IA : R iig iraamatukogu, Reval .FRANCE

Bib liotheque de la Ch ambre des Députés , au Palais BOiIrbon , PariS.Bib liotheque du S én at, au Pala is du Luxembourg , Paris.

GREAT BRITAIN . Lib rary of the Foreign Offi ce , Down in g Street, London , S . W. 1 .

GREECE : Library of Parliamen t , Athen s .

GUATEMALA . Bib lioteca dé la Ofi cin a In tern acion al Cen trO-American a , 8a Calle

Pon ien te NO. 1 , Ciudad de Guatemala .

H ONDURA S . Bib lioteca del Con’

greso Nacional , Tegucigalpa .

HUNGARY : Bib lioth ek des Abgeordn eten h auses , Budapest.ITALY :Bib liote ca della Camera dei Deputati , Palazzo di MOn te Citorio , Rome .

Bib lioteca del Sen ato del Regn o , Palazzo Madama , Rome .

LIBERIA : Departmen t o f State , Mon rovia .

NEW SOUTH WALEs : Lib rary of Parliamen t , Sydn ey.

NEW ZEALAND : Gen eral Assemb ly Library, Wellin gton .

PEBU 1 0 3 maI‘a de Diputados , Con greso Nacion al , Lima .

POLAND : Mon s ieur le Min istre des Affaires ,E tran geres, Warsaw.

PORTUGAL : Bib lioth eca do Con gresso da Repub lica , Lisbon .


PRU S S IA : Bib lioth ek des Abgeordn eten h auses , Prin z-A lb rech tstrasse 5 , Berlin ,

S . W. 1 1 .

QUEEN SLAND : T he Chief Secretary’s Onice , Brisban e .

ROUMAN IA : Bib liotheque de la Ch ambre deS Députés , Bukharest .

RU S S IA : Sen din gs temporarily suspen ded .

Bib lioteca del Con greso de los Diputados , Madrid.

Bib lioteca del S en ado , Madrid.

SWIT ZERLANDBib liotheque de l’A ssemb lée Fédérale Suisse , Bern e.

Library of the League of Nation s , Gen eva .

TRAN SVAAL : State Library, Pretoria .

UN ION OF SOUT H AFRICA : Library o f Parliamen t, Cape Town .

URUGUAY : Bib lioteca de la Camara de Represen tan tes , Mon tevideo .

VENEZUELA : Gamara de Diputados , Con greso Nacion al, Caracas .

WE STERN AU STRALIA : Library of Parliamen t of Western Australia , Perth .

YUGOSLAVIA : Library o f th e Skupsh tin a , Belgrade.

The total n umber o f copies o f the daily Con gression al Record setaside by law for exch an ge with foreign legislative bodies is Th isexchan ge is at presen t con ducted with 44 establishmen ts.

FORE IGN EXCH ANGE AGENCIE S .

The State Library (R iigiraamatukogu) , Reval, has been design ated as th e exchan ge agen cy for E sthon ia.

A complete list o f the foreign exchan ge agen cies or bureaus willbe foun d below

ALGERIA , via Fran ce .

ANGOLA , via Portugal .

ARGENT INA : Comis ion Pro tectora de Bib lio te’

cas Populares , Calle Cordoba“

93 1 ,

Buen os Aires .

“

AU STRIA : Bun desamt fur S tatistik, Sc hwarzen bergstrasse 5 , Vien n a I.

AZORE S , via Portugal .BELGIUM : Service Belge des Beh an ges In tern at

‘

ion aux , Rue des Lon gs-Chariots46 , Brussels .

BOLIVIA : Oncin a Nacion al de E stadistica , La Paz.

BRA ZIL : Servico de PermutagOes In tern acion aes , Bib liotheca Nacion al , R io de

Jan eiro .

BRIT I SH COLON IE S : Crown Agen ts f or th e Colon ies, Lon don .

BRIT I SH GUIANA : Royal Agricultural an d Commercial Society, Georgetown .

BRIT ISH H ONDURA S : Colon ial Secretary, Belize.

BULGARIA : In stitution s Scien ti fi ques de S . M. le R o i de Bulgarie , Sofia .

CANARY ISLANDS , via; Spain .

CH ILE : Servicio deCan jes In te'

rn acion a les , Bib lioteca Nacion al , San tiago .

CH INA : American -Ch in ese Pub lication E xch an ge Dep artmen t, Sh an gh ai Bureauo f Foreign Affairs , S han gha i.

CH OSEN : Governmen t Gen era l , Keijo .

COLOMBIA : Oncin a de Can jes‘

Intern acion ales y Reparto , Bib lioteca Nacion al,Bogota.

W

COS TA RICA : Ofi cin a de Depos ito y Can je In tern acion al de Pub licacion es , San

Jose.


QUEEN SLAND : Bureau o f Exch an ges o f In tern ation a l Pub l ication s , Ch ief S ecretary

’s Office , Brisban e .

ROUMAN IA : In stitutul Meteoro logic Cen tra l , Min is terul Agriculture i , Bukh arest .

RU S S IA : Academy of S c ien ces , Petrograd.

SALVADOR : Min isterio de Relac ion es E xteriores , San Sa lvador.

S IAM : Departmen t o f Fore ign Affa irs , Ban gkok.

SOUT H AU S TRALIA : Pub lic Lib rary of S outh Australia , Ade la ide .

SPA IN : S ervicio del Camb io In tern acion a l de Pub licac ion es , Cuerpo Facultativode Arch iveros , Bib liotecario s y A rqueOlogos , Madrid .

SUMATRA , via Neth erlan ds .

SWEDEN : Kon gliga Sven ska Veten skap s Akademien , S tockh o lm.

SWITZERLAND : S e rvice des E ch an ges In te rn ation aux ,Bib liotheque Fédéra le Cen o

trale , Bern e .

SYRIA : American Un ivers ity o f Beirut.

TA SMAN IA : S ecretary to'

the Premier , H ob art.

TRIN IDAD : Roya l Vi ctoria In stitute o f Trin idad an d Tobago ,Po rt-Of -Spa in .

T UN Is , via Fran ce.

TURKEY : Shipmen ts temporarily suspen ded .

UN ION OF SOUTH AFRICA : Governmen t Prin tin g Works , Preto ria , Tran s vaa l .URUGUAY : Ofi cin a de Can je In tern acion al de Pub licacion es , Mo n tevideo .

VENEZUELA : B ibl o teen Nacio n a l , Caracas .

VICTORIA : Pub lic Lib rary of Victoria , Me lb ourn e .

WE STERN AU S TRALIA : Pub lic Lib rary o f Western Austra lia , Perth .

YUGOSLAVIA : Académie Roya l S erbe de s S cien ces et d es Arts , Belgrade .

Mr. Hen ryA . Parker an dMr. John S . Po llock were retired August20

,1922

,un der the provision s o f the governmen tal retiremen t act.

Mr. Parker was con n ected with the In stitution for 42 years , an d Mr.

‘

Po llo ck,44 years .


C . G. ABBOT,

A ssis tan t S ecretary,In Charge of Library an d E xchan ges.

DR . CH ARLES D . WALCOTT ,S ecretary, Smithson ian In stitution .

APPENDIX .6.

REPORT ON TH E NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK.

S I'

R : I have the honOr to submit the fOllm g report o n th e operation s Of the National Zoologic

‘

al Park for the fiscal year .en din gJ un e

S in ce the expen ses Of the Nation al Zoo logical Park, like th oSeo f some other activities Of the Federal Governmen t

,are born e in “

part by the District of Columbia,the Bureau o f the Budget has,

with the in itiation Of the budget law an d for purposes Of accoun tin g ,

in cluded the estimates Of the park with in the District bill. Th e

act makin g appropriation s for the Governmen t o f the DiStrict

of Columbia an d other activities ch aIgeab le in wh ile“

or In partagain st the reven ue Of such DiStI ict,approved Jun e 29 1922

,con

tain ed an item o f $125,000 for the reg ular main tenan ce Of thepark .

AS an addition to th e con tin uin g appropriation s available fro-m

former years for the purchase o f lan d n ear the AdamsMill Roaden tran ce

,there was appropriated by C on gress In the Secon d defi

c i en cy bill approved J amiary 22,1923

,the sum Of to

'

complete the Sum o f n ecessary f or th e termin ation'

o f fth'

is

purchase .

‘

T h‘

e bill'

providin g for prin ting an d bindin g, Smith son ian

Institution ,con tained

'

an allotmen t o f $3 00 for the Nation al Zoo logi-f

cal Park. Th is -“Was'

an in crease o f $100 over former allotmen ts

wh ich h ad,durin g recen t years , been in suffi cient for the n eeds Of the

park .

Con siderable progress has been made dur i n g the year in theworkOf preparin g for use the area between the great flight cage and the

main road 1n the western part Of the park. Th is work was begun

seven years ago but was discon tin ued duringthe war . Other m1n or

repa i rS an d improvemen ts have been made,an d much efi

'

Ort has been

expen ded in beautifyin g the groun ds , particularly in th e parts o f

the park most used by the public . The value Of the collection is

greater than ever before ; more Species o f an imals are on exh ibition

an d the actrial mimber Of Specimen s Of all kin ds is greater than in

an y previous year . Atten dan ce recOrds , for the fourth successive

year , have exceeded 000 visitors .

ANNUAL REPORT SMITH SONIAN INSTITUTION, 1923 .

ACCE S S IONS .

G ifts — T he n umber o f an imals presen ted by frien ds o f the parkShows con tin ued an d gratifyin g in crease from year to year . Durin gthe past year 266 specimen s were thus added to the co llection . Man y

Of these are o f particular value an d, as in the previous year , special

men tion Should be made of importan t con tribution s from tropicalAmerica .

H on . Hen ry D . Baker,American con sul at Trin idad

,West In dies ,

an d Mr. William‘

J . La Varre,o f Georgetown ,

British Guian a,both

con tin ued their gifts o f S outh American an imals . In terestin g birds ,mammals

,an d reptiles were received from Mr . Baker

,an d in cluded

in the co llection s made by Mr . La Varre were two -fi n e Specimen s o f

the dusky parrot (Pion us fusca s ) , a specie s o f special in terest tothe park. Mr . Gordon MacCreagh , Of New Yo rk City, co llectedan d presen ted a specimen o f the Brazilian red ouakari mon key(Oacaj ao rubica n dus ) , a species rarely seen in captivity an d n everbefore represen ted, apparen tly, in an y zoo logical garden in the

Un ited S tates . Like the other members Of its gen us th is mon keyis Very diffi cult to keep , but th is spec imen presen ted by Mr . Mac

Creagh lived in the park from August 25 , 1922, un til April 24, 1923 .

a period o f eight mon ths . Amon g other an imals from Mr . Mac

Creagh was a specimen o f the matamata turtle (Che lys fimbria ta ) .

Dr. William M . Man n,o f the Bureau o f E n tomo logy ,

wh ile en

gaged In work In southern Mexico , co llected for the park a n umber Ofin te restin g an imals. Of Spec ial in terest in Doctor Man n

’s collec

tion are two Mexican Spider mon keys , four Maw’S turtles , an d eight

Specimen s Of Petz’s paroquet. The turtle an d the paroquet are

species n ew to the park records. Dr. C . Bon n e, Of Mo en go , Surin am,

presen ted to the park a fi n e youn g tapir ; an dMr. C . E . Bergman . o f

Norfo lk, Va ., con tributed a Specimen o f the Magellan fox from

Ch ile,a Species n ot before Shown In the park.

The Can adian Governmen t,through H on . J. B . Harkin , Com

mission er o f Domin ion Parks , presen ted fi ve Rocky Moun tain goatsfrom the preserves at Ban ff, A lberta, ,

an d Six youn g great blackbacked gulls from Nova Scotia . T he Departmen t Of Con servation ,

State Of Mich igan , through Mr. W. H . Rowett, State warden , con

tributed a female timber wo lf from the Po rcupin eMoun tain s , Gogeb ic Coun ty, Mich .

Mr. Victor J . E van s, o f Wash in gton , D . C. , con tinuin g h isactivein terest in the co llection , con tributed a n umber o f desirable an imals,amon g them bein g Spec imen s Of the fron uth (Podargus strigoides )an d New Guin ea fruit pigeon (Lamprotreron superba) .

REPORT OF .TH E SECRETARY. 9

Nin et-y—n in e in dividual don ors con tributed to the co llection durin gthe year. The complete list is

'

as fo llows :

Miss E lla Abbott, La'n sin g , Mich ,Florida g allin ule'

.

Dr. Arthur A. Allen , Ithaca ,N. Y. , 8 can vasbacks .

Mr. Fran k Amorosa , Was h in gton ,D . C . , 5 sparrow hawks.

Mr. H . M. Atherton , Wash in gton , D. C., Sparrow h awk.

H on . H en ry D Baker, Trin idad , B . W. I douroucouli , curassow, sn owy egret,2 American egrets , an d 2 South American tortoises.

Mrs . L. B . Batkin s , South Richmon d, Va . , raccoon .

Mr. Walter M.,Bauman , Wash in gton ,

D . C woodchuck.

Mr. C. E . Bergman , Norfolk, Va ., Mage llan f ox .

Mrs . V. L. Blan ken sh ip, Richmon d, Va .

, great h orn ed owl .

Dr. C. Bon n '

e,Moen go , Surin am,

Brazilian tapir.

Mr. Maurice K. Brady, Wash in gton ,D : C. , 4 Spread in g adders .

Dr. E . W. Bran des , Departmen t Of Agriculture , Wash in gton ,D . C. , scarlet

kin g sn ake .

Mr. E . O. Breeden , Radford, Va . barn owl.

Mr. Co lvin B. Brown , Wash in gton ,

‘D . C alligator

Can adian Governmen t, through H on . J. B. H arkin , 5 Rocky Moun ta in goats

a n d 6 great b lack backed gulls.

Mrs . A, J. Clapp , Wash in gton , D. C can ary.

Miss May S . Clark , Wash in gton , D. C h orn ed toad .

Mr. Samuel H opkin s Clark , E llicott City, Md . , red f ox .

Mr A . W. Claver, L.1umll

Mcl ., golden eagle .

Mr . C . E . Con n er , LewiSburg , W. _ .Va , golden eagle

Mr. W. C . Cox , Wa sh in gton , D . C. , b ox -turtle .

R ev. Ph ilip Ayers Da les , Washin gton , D . C., h orn ed toad .

Mrs . E dward R . Davis , Mounta in Lake Park, Md ., red foxf

Mr . C. Dowlin g , Wash in gton . D. C . , tayra an d two b oa Con strictors .

S ergt. J . J. Doyle , Marin e Barracks , Wash in gton , D . C . , great h orn ed Owl

Mr . William Driesb ach , Wash in gton , D . C . , Virgin ia Opossum.

Mr. George Duquette . Belleview , Md , coyote .

Mr. George E astmen t , Wa sh in gton ,D. C can ary .

Mr . H en ry Parson s E rwin , Wash in gton , D. C ., 2 alligators .

Mr. Victor J. Evan s , Wash in gton , D . C .,rulf ed lemur , Arab ian b ab oon , 2

zeb ra -ass h ybrids , 2 gray Spider-monkeys , 2 Gould’s mon itors , 2 wes tern dia

mon d rattlers , fruit pigeon , frogmouth , screech ow l , ostrich , American egret,

2 Shi n in g starlin gs , a n d 5 great wh ite h eron s .

Dr. N . S . Ferris , Wash in gton , D. C . cardin al .

Mr. V . M. Fookes , Wash in gton , D . C . , h orn ed toad .

Mrs . Edw. J. Gardin er, Wash in gton , D . C . , doub le yellow h ead parrot.Mr

'

. W. G. Gossom, H aymarket, Va . , ban ded rattlesn ake .

Mrs . E . S . Grimsley, Wash in gton , D . C ., can ary.

Mrs. J. B. H ardin g, Wash in gton , D . C . , 3 pain ted turtles .

H an . Warren G . H ardin g , Wh ite H ouse , Wash in gton , D . C. , Virgi n ia opossum.

Mrs . Nan n ie M. H awkin s , Wash in gton , D. C Virgin ia Opossum.

Prof. A. L. H errera , Mexico , D. F. , Mexico , tree iguan a an d Mex ican goph ertorto ise .

Mr. Otis B. H in n an t, Wilmin g ton , N C ., 6 diamon d back .rattlers

Mrs . J oh n S . H ord, Wash in gton , D. C b lack faced Gouldian fin ch an d 2

J ava sparrows .

Mr. Worth in gton H ough ton , Wash in gt on , D. C horn ed toad.


Comman der J . C. H un saker, Wash in gton , D . C 2 Florida raccoon s .

Mr. J. Ro lan d Joh n s ton , Beth esda , Md . , diamon d-back rattler.

Mrs . J. R . Ketn er , Wash in gton , D . C . , 2 can aries .

Mrs . Sam Kite , Wa sh in gton , D . C . , a ll igator.

Mr. C. H ub ert Kreh , Frederick , Md. , copperh ead.

Mr. R . R . Lamb ert, Washin gton , D. C . , muscovy duck .

Mr. W. J. La Varre , j r ., Georgetown , British Guian a , coatimun di, 2 capy

baras ,'

2 weepin g capuch in s , 6 titi mon keys j b lue -an d -

yellow macaw ,

~2 duskyparro ts , an d 5 0 b lue -win ged parro tlets .

H on . Gordon Lee , Wash in gton , D . C barn owl.

Mr. Man oel de Oliveira Lima , Wash in gton , D . C . , curio an d wh ite -b ellied

seedeater.

Mrs . F. S . Lin co ln , Wash in gton , D . C . , 2 a lligators .

Mr. H . J. Lon g , Fa l lon , Nev. , 2 go lden eagles .

Mrs . Dan gerfield Love , Wash in gton , D . C . , 2 strawb erry fin ch es .

Mrs . W. D . Lyn h am, Wash in gton , D . C . , can ary.

Mr. Gordon MacCreagh , New York City ,red ouakari mo n key , ma tama ta

turtle , an d S outh American torto ise .

Dr. William M. Man n , Washin gton , D .

'

C. , tree porcupin e , 2 Spider mon keys ,4 Maw

’s turtles , 4 Cen tra l American coo ters . lesser wh ite -fron ted parrot, 2

San Lucas h ouse fin ch es , an d 8 Petz’S paroquets .

Dr. C. B . Masson , Wash in gton , D . C . , copperh ead .

Mr. William Matth ews , Wa sh in gton , D . C . , can ary.

Mrs . L. E . McLaren , Wash in gton , D .

‘

C. , a lligator.

Mr. R . Meh rlich ,Wash in gton , D . C . , ch ameleon .

Mr. Joh n A. Meyers . Wash in gton ,D . C . ,

2 red-sh ouldered h awks .

Dr. James F. Mitch ell , Wash in gton , D . C . marin e iguan a .

Dr. MacD . Moore , Wash in gton , D . C., b lack sn ake .

Mrs . R . L. Myers , Wash in gton , D . C ., a lligator.

New York Zoological Society , Bron x Park, N. Y. , groun d horn b ill .

North Dako ta Fish an d Game Commiss ion . th rough Mr . E . T . Judd , Can do ,

N. Dak. , two Can ada geese .

Mr. J. R . Page , j r Ab erdeen , N. C,

two spread in g adders .

D r. Theoph ilus S . Pain ter, Austin , T ex . , two armadillos .

Mr. J. E . Pan kin , Wash in gton , D . C . , gray parro t.Mr . H . W. Peck , Wa sh in gton , D . C . , a lligator.

Mr. C . Roberts Perkin s , E lkton , Md a lligator.

Mrs . Rose Las Pin as , Wash in gton , D . C sparrow h awk.

Miss Appo lon ia R amicy, Wash in gton , D . C. , two can aries .

Mr. H arwood E . Reed , Wash in gton , D . C . , Java fin ch .

Mr. E arl D . Re id , Wash in gton , D . C . , pilot b lack sn ake .

Mr. F. H . Riley,Wash in gton ,

D . C . , great h orn ed owl .

Mr. H . L . Rob in son . Wa sh in gton , D . C . , two Cuban parro ts .

Mr. W. H . Rowett, Bessemer, Mich , timb er wolf.Lieut. H . H erman Rudolph , Wash in gton , D . C ., two rin g

- n ecked ph easan ts .

Mrs . Wh itefield Sammis , Wash in gton , D . C. , yellow-n aped parrot.

Maj . C. R . S an derson , Wash in gton , D . C ., red-an d-b lue -an d-

yellow macaw.

Mrs . Samuel Saylor , Wash in gton , D . C. , barn owl .

Mrs . N. Scan lan d ,Ballston , Va American crow .

Mr. Will iam S ch eib le , Wash in gton ,D . C. , wood duck .

Capt. T . A . Secor, U. S . M. C ., Wash in gton , D. C .,

Pan ama titi mon key .

Mr . Geo rge Sh elton , In d ian H ead ,Md . , b ald eagle .


Dr, R . W . Shufeldt an d Mr . Maurice K. Brady , Wash ington , D . C . ,

pa in tedturtle, musk turtle ,

an d 2 Pen n sylvan ia musk turtles .

Mr . Mayn ard S immo n s, Wash in gton , I) . C ., h orn ed t d .

Mr. W . N. S lye , Wash in gton ,D . C . , a lligator .

Mr'

. E rn est Smoot , Wa sh in gton , D . C . , rin g-n ecked ph ea sant.

Mrs . An n a P. S tewart, Wash in gton ,D . C.

, 2 can arie s .

Mr . P. J . Talb ot, Wash in gton , D . C ., yellow-n aped parrot .

.Me ssrs . T h ourez an d Smi th ,LOS An geles , Calif , green guen on .

Mr. Claren ce Turn er, Laton ia ,Ky . , b lack bear.

Mr . J. S . Warmb ath , Wa sh in gton ,D . C . ,

red ta iled hawk .

Dr. David Wh ite , Wash in gton , D . C.,alligator .

Mr. C . H . Wilson , Wa sh in gton , D. C . , barred owl .

Mr . Ch arles H . Zier, Wash in gton ,D . C . ,

Virgin ia Opossum.

Births .— Durin g th e year 5 1 mammals were born an d 29 birds

were hatched In the park . These records in clude on ly Such as are

reared to a reason ab le age , n o accoun t bein g made In these publishedstatistics o f youn g that live on ly a few days . Mammals bo rn in clude :European bear

,3,lion

,3 ; din go , 3 ; gray wo lf, 4 ; raccoon ,

2 ; moun

tain goat , 1 ; tahr , 1 ; bison ,2 ; In dian buffalo , 1

C; guan aco , 2 ; llama .

2,red dee r

,7 °

,American elk

,2 ; barasingha , 1 ; Japan ese deer , 6 ;

hog deer, 1 ; Virgin i a deer , 2 ; Trin idad agouti , 1 ; rhesusmonkey, 2 ;mo n a , 1 ; ruq bellied wallaby, 3 ; great red kan garoo , 1 . BirdShatched were o f t he fo llowin g Speci es : Mallard

,black

,

duck,wo od

duck,S ilver pheasant

,peafowl, an d black- crown ed n ight h eron .

“

E xchan ges— Specimen s received in exchan ge for surplus stock

in c lude 27 mammals an d 21 birds . Special men tion Should bemade o ftwo Green lan d m

'

usk oxen imported by way o f Norway, th e fi rst ever

to be Shown In the park ; two mo -uflo n s , the w ild sheep o f Corsica an d

S ardin ia ; a fi n e male n ilgai from India ; a clouded leopard,marbled

cat (Felis marmorata ) , an d fi re cat (A ilurin p lan iceps ) from Su

matra ; a male pan da from In dia ; 2 black an d 2 fulvous lemurs ; anda tw -O toed Sloth . Birds received In exch an ge in clude , besides other°

more common Species , 3 kagus , 2 Victoria crown ed pigeo n s , 3 black

head ibises , 2 falcated ducks, an d 2 eagle ,

Owls .

Purchases — Amon g the mammals purch ased durin g the year were

2 Alaska Pen in sula bear cubs,2 Alaskan black tailed deer , an

ocelot, an d 2 otters . Birds purchased in clude some very desirable

specimen s : 2 Marquesan doves , 2 red breasted mergan sers , 2 sooty

Sh earwaters , 4wood ibises , an d a gan n et. A n umber o f more common

water birds , cage l

birds,eagles , an d owls

,as well as a n umber Of

reptiles , were'

alSO acquired by purch ase .

T ran sfers .-Amon g the an imals received by tran sfer from o th er

Governmen t departmen ts special men tion Sh ould be made Of a Sh ip

men t o f 3 6 specimen s o f the Laysan fin ch,co llected by Dr . Alexan der

Wetmore wh ile en gaged In work for the B io logical Survey, Departmen t o f Agriculture, on th e islan d bird reservation s west o f H awaii .


T he Lay‘

san“ fin ch ” (T elespyza ean tan s ) is a member Of an in ter

estin g family o f birds th at is restricted to the Hawaiian Islan ds.

The specimen s sen t by Doctor Wetmore were all co llected on MidwayIslan d. S ome wood ducks

,can vasbacks , an d a co llared lizard were

also received by tran sfer from the Bio logical Survey.

T he Bureau o f Fisheries,Departmen t o f Commerce

,don ated a

co llection Of 18 sn akes o f 5 Species that were collected by Mr .

'

F. E .

Hare at the bio logical station , Man chester,Iowa .

REMOVALS .

Surplus mammals an d birds to the n umber Of 66 were sen t awaydurin g the year in exch an ge to other zoo logical garden s . Amon gthese were the fo llowin g mammals th at had been born an d reared inthe park : S iberian tiger , 4 ; din go , 1 ; red deer

,8 ; barasin gh a , 3 ;

hog deer , 2 ; Rocky Moun tain sheep,1 ; bison ,

1 ; h ippopotamus 1

Trin idad agouti , 2 ; rhesus mo n key, 1 .

A n umber Of an imals on deposit were return ed to own ers .

T he death rate has again been kept at a very low mark . E xceptf or the loss o f n in e kan garoos from n ecrobacillosis

,there h as been n o

viden ce Of con tagion amon g the an imals . S ome Of the lo sses Of

an imals lon g in the co llection are as fo llows : A san dh ill cran e

(Gri ts’

mewioan a ) received Jan uary 3 0,1899

,died April 17

,1923

,

from en teritis,after 24 years , 2 mon ths

,an d 18 days in the park.

T he great black-backed gull,“ Billy,” well kn own to thousan ds Of

park visitors because Of his lon g residen ce an d so ciable n ature , diedApril 1 3

,1923 .

“ Billy ” came to the park from Labrador on NO

vember 22,1905

,an d had thus been on exh ibitio n for 17 years , 4

mon ths , an d 22 days . A male o f the n orthern w ild cat (Lyn x a in ta )received S eptember 3

,1907

,died Of Old age On December 3 0

,1922

,

1 5 years , 3 mon ths,an d 27 days after h is arrival . A female guan aco

received Jan uary 20,1908

,died '

Of dissemin ated tumors,after 14

years , 8 mon th s,an d 26 days in the park, on October 16 , 1922.

‘

T he

South American con dor,male

,received October 3 1 , 1908 , died Jun e

1 5,1923

,14 years , 7 mon th s

,an d 1 5 days after arrival. The cause

Of death,apparen tly, was lead po ison in g , the bird havin g in some

man n er swallowed a piece Of lead Of con siderable size . A femalellama received March 14, 1908 , died Of an emia , July 25 , 1922, aftera

life Of 14 years , 4 mon th s , an d 1 1 days in the park. A malebarasin gha deer (Oerc us (Zzwaueelii) received October 1 , 1908 , diedJan uary 10 , 1923 , 14 years , 3 mon th s, an d 9 days after arrival . Afemale rhea (R hea american a) received October 8 , 1909, died May

1,1923

,after 1 3 years , 6 mon th s , an d 23 days in the co llectio n . A

female brown macaque (Macaca speciosa ) received July 3 0,

94 ANNUAL REPORT S MITH SONIAN INSTITUTION , 1923 .

BIRDS

Ra titae : E n teritis , 1 ; acc iden t,C icon iiformes : Con gestion Of lun gs , 1 ; en teritis, 1 ; gastroen teritis , 1 ; n o

cause foun d , 3 .

An seriformes : Tub erculos is , 1 ; gastritis , 1 ; en teritis , 1 ; in flammation of

ceca ,1 ; n o cause foun d , 4.

Fa lcon iformes : Lead po iSon in g , 1 ; nocause foun d , 1 .

Ga llifo rmes : NO cause foun d , 1 .

Gruiformes : Aspergillosis , 2 ; en teritis , 12.

Ch aradri ifOrmes : Tuberculos is , 1 ;“

en teritis , 1 ; .n o cause foun d , 1 .

Psittac ifo rmes z E n teritis ,

Coraciiformes : Asperg illos is , 1 ; tapeworm in fe station , 1 .

_Passeriformes : NO cause foun d , 1 .

A to tal o f 48 specimen s— 1 1 mammals , 20 birds , an d 17 reptiles

o f Special sc ien tific value , were tran sferred after death to the

Un ited S tates Nation al Museum. A n umber o f eggs o f rare birds

were also tran sferred to the Museum. A t the request Of the Car

negie Laborato ry o f Embryo logy, JObu'

s Hopkin s Medical S choo l,Baltimo re

,27 specimen s , mostly mammals , were delivered to

'

that

in stitutio n fo r an atomical purpo ses . On e mammal was sen t to

St. E lizabeth s H o spital, .WaShin gton , D . C.,for Special study o f

the brain . A few Skin s o f cage birds were saved fo r the referen ce

co llection at ° the park

ANIMALS IN T H E COLLECTION JUNE 3 0 , 1923 .

MZAMDIALS .

MARS UPIALIA .

Virgin ia opossum (Di de lph is,vir

g in ian ‘a )

Aus t 1 a lia n opo s sum (T rich osurus vul

p eeu la )Flyin g ph a la n ge r (Pe taurus brevi

Brush - ta iled ro ck wallaby (Petrog a le

p en ci lla ta )

Rufous—b e llied wa llaby (Macropus b i l

lardieri/i)Bla ck faced kan garo o (Macropus mela

Wa llaro o (MacropusR ed kan garoo (Ma cropus ruin s )

Womba t (Ph asco lomys mi tch el li )‘

CARN IVORA ;

Kad iak bear (Ursus irI/idden d‘

orjfi )A laska Pen in sula b ea r (Ursus gyas )Yakuta t b ear -(Ursu8 dalli )Kidder’s b ear (Ursus kidaeri )E urbp ca n b ear (Ursus arr

'otos )

G rizzly b ear (Ursus h orribibis )Apach e g rizzly (Ursus ap ach e ) G ray, co a timun d i ; (Nasaa n arica )

H ima layan b ear (Ursus R ed co a t imun di (Nasua n asua ) n

Black b ea r (Ursus america n us ) Kin kajou (Po tos fla ws )

CARN IVORA— co n tin ued .

Cin n amon '

b ear (Ursus american us cin

n amomum)Florida b ear

'

(Ursus florida/n us )G lacier b ear (Ursus emmon s i i)Sun b ear (H c larc tos ma layan us )S lo th b ear (Me la rsus urs in us )Po la r bear (T h a larctos mari t imus )Din go (Can is din go )E skimo (log (Can is familiari s )G ray wo l f (Can is n ubiluS )T imb er wo l f (Can is occiden ta lis )T exas red wo lf (Can is rufus )Coyot e (Cam

'

s la tro n s )R ed f ox (Vu lp es fa t/m )Ki t f ox (Vu lpes ve lar )Grea t- ca red fox (Otocyon mega lo tis )Magellan f ox (Cerdocy on mag e llan i

cus )Gray f ox (Uro cyon ci n ereoargen f eus )

'

Ca comis tle (Ba ssari scus a s tuta s )Pan da (A i lurus fulgen s )R acco o n (Pro c/yon lo to r )

Florida ra ccoo n (Procyon Zo tor e lu

REPORT or TH E S ECRETARY.1

CARNIVORA-é-JCOIItin ued .1

Mexican kin kajou (Po tos flavas 'az- f

teen s )T ayra (T ayra

American b adger (T amideaFlorida spo tted skun k (Spi loga le ambarfvla lis )

Florida o tter (Lutra canadens isS aga )

Pa lm c ivet (Paradomurus 'h ermaphrofl'

di tus )Wah lberg

’s mon goose (H elogale par

A ard-wo lf (Prote lesS po tted hyen a (Croouta croca ta )S triped —hyen a (H ymn aA f rican

'

ch ee tah (A oin on ymLion (Fen s 1.

, Ben ga l tiger (Febis tigri s )_

Man churian tiger (Felis tigris lan ai - 1

pi lis ) -_A

Lcopard (Fe lis pardus )E a st A frican leopard

s aah ebica )Jaguar (Fe lis on ca )Brazilian o celo t (Felis parda lis brasi l

ien s is )S n ow leopard (Fe lis n n eia ) _

Mexican puma (Fe lis azteca )Moun ta in lio n (Fe lis

'

lnpp ozes t'

eé); Can ada lyn x (Lynmcan aden sis )

’

NOI th ern Wild cat (LyamBay lyn x (LynmClouded leopard (Neo fe lis

—1=

PINNIPEDIA .

Ca lifo rn ia,

sea—lion (Za lophus ca l/i

forn ian us )

RODENT IA .

Wo odchuck (Marmota mon am)Dusky marmot (Marmo ta flaviven tr is

obscur a )Prairie -dog (Cyn omys ludoo ician ué)A n telope squirrel (A nwn osp ermop h/ila s

Ch ipmun k (E utamias neglectn s'

)A lb in o squirrel (S cin rus ca ro h

‘

rn en sisL '

Dusky pocket mouse (Perog‘

n a th/usrfla ves een s p ern iger )

Ba iley’s po cket mouse (Perogn a thus

bai leyi )Kan ga l o o rat (Dipodomys sp oOtaz

bi lis )Ord

’s ka n garo o rat (Perodipus ordi i)

Mo n tana. wh ite f ooted mouse (Perqmysc us lea copus aricbula s )L.

G ra ssh opper mouse (Ony ch omy s leu

cogas ter )A f I ican po rcupin e . (H ys tr imafiricm

aus tra lis )

Ma lay po rcup i n e (A can th ion brachyu ) um

T ree po rcup in e (Coen dou memicanum)

(Felis y ard/um

RoDENT lA

—n

c

LAGOMORPH A .

Domestic rabbit cimiculus )

EDENTATA.

Two -toed slo th (Ch o lmpus didactylus )

PR IMATES .

Slack lemur (Le in ar'

macaco ) _Fulvou's lemur (Lemar futons )Gray

'

spidermonkey (A teles geofi ro yi )Mexican spider monkey (A te les n eg

T h ree ban ded douro'

ucouli (A o tus tri

Brovvn woolly monkey (Lagb th/rim in

fuma ta )Wh ite -th roated capuch in (Geba s

'

capu

Burmese macaque'

(Macaca an daon an

en s is )R h esus mo nkey (Mabaca rh esus )Bo n n et mo n key (Macaca

Crab -eati n g macaque true ) "

Java n macaque (Macaca

Black'

man gab ey (Cermcebus aterri

Coypu (Myocas tor

Cen tral American paca (Cun ica lus

paca,virga tus )

Mex ican agouti (Dasyprocta mcmii

canm) _a.

Soo ty agouti (Dasyprocta faligin osa pSpeckled 1 agouti .(1)asyproclta pun atata )n _

Pan ama agouti (Das yprocta pun ctata .

is thmica )Azara

’s agouti

“(Das ypro cta azarw)

T rin ida d agouti (Dasypro cta ru'

Ora ta ) _

Crested agouti (Dasyproc ta cris ta ta ) ;Yellow-rumped agouti (Dasypro ctaluci fe-r

Peru'vian

"

guin ea'

p ig’

"(Gd/via ts chudii

pa il/idiom)Guin ea p ig (Cay ia porce llus )Capy

'

bara (H ydrochm s‘

hydroc hmris )

Pale capuch in (Cebus un ic o lor )Weepin g capuch in (Calms ap e lla )Brown capuch in (Cebus fa tuellus )Azara’s capuch in (Cebus azaraz)T iti mon key (S aimiri sci/w en s )Ch acma

.(Pap io porcaria s )

A n ub is baboon (Papio cyn o cmoha la s )E ast A frican baboon (Pap io i be

‘

an us )Man drill (Papi oDrill (Papia leuOOt wus )Moor macaque (Oyn opi th ecus maums )Barbary ape (S

‘

imia sylvan us )Japa n ese ‘

macaque (Macaca fa soa ta )Pig -ta iled mon key (Macaca n emes


PR IMAT E s— con tin ued .

fSoo ty ma n ga bey (Ge/roocebus fubigin o

sus )H agen b eck

’s man gab ey (Cercocebus h aw

g en becki )Wh ite co llared man gabey (O

‘erco cebua '

tmqua tus )G 1 een guen o n (Lasiopyga ca liitrichus )Vervet guen on (Las iopyga pygery thra )Mo n a (Las idpyga mo n a )R o loway guen o n (Las iopyga ro loway )Ch impan zee (Pan

Ora n g -utan (Pon go pygmwas )

ART IODACTYLA .

Wild b oar (S its scrofa )Wart h—og (Ph acoch osrus mth iopicus )Co llared p ecca 1 y (Pecari an gula tus ) “

H ippopo tamus (H ippopo tamus'

am

ph i bius )Ba ctrian came l (Camelus bac trian us )A rab ian camel (Came lus dromeda/r‘ius )

Gua n aco (Lama

Llama (Lama g lama )

Fa llow deer (Dama dama )Axis deer (Amie amis )H og deer (H ye laphus

Sambar (Rusa un ico lor)Baras in gh a (Rucervus d/uvaucelm)Burmese deer (R a cervus aid/ii )J apan ese deer (S ika n ippon )R ed (leer (Corvus elap hus )Ka shmir deer (Cervus han g lu )

Bed fo rd deer (Cervus man th OpygusLAmerica n elk (Cervus can aden sis )Virgin ia deer (Odocoi leua virgin icmus )Pan ama deer (Odocoi leus ch iriquen sis )Bla ck- ta iled deer (Odocoi leus - co lum

bian y a)Ble sbok (DamaI/iscus a lbifron s )Wh ite -ta iled gn u (Con n o chai tes gn ou )

RAT IT zE .

South A frican ostrich (S truth io aus

tra lis )S omal ila n d o st 1 ich (S truth io mo lyb

dop h an ea )Nub ian os trich (S truth io came lus )Rh ea (R h ea a n l ei

‘ican a )S cla ter

’s cassowary (Casuam

‘

us phi l

ip i )Emu (Dromic eius n ovwhollan dimL

PROCELLARIIB‘ORME S .

S oo ty sh earwa ter (Pu/fi n ite gris eus )C ICON IIFORME S .

America n wh ite pe l ican (Pe lecan us

eryth i'orh yn ch os )

European wh ite pel ican (Pelecan us

on ooro ta lus )R o seate pe lican (Pe leca n us ros eus )Aus tral ia n pel ican (Pe leca n us con

sp ici lla tus )

AR'r l onAc'rYLA— con tin ued.

Brin dled gn u (Con n ochmtes tauriny s ) ‘

Lechwe (On otragus

Sab le an telope (E gocerus n iger )In dian an telope (An ti lope cervicapra )Nilga i (Bose laphus

1 E a st Afri can ela n d (T auro tragus orym2

T ah r (H emi tragus j emlah icus ). 4 Moun ta in goa t (Oreamn o s ameri

oan us )A oudad (Ammo tragus lervia )Rocky Moun tain sh eep (Ovis can aden

PERIS SODACTYLA .

Malay tapir (Tapirus in dica s )Brazi lian tapir (T apirusG ran t

’s zeb ra (

.

E qaus quagga gran ti )G revy

’s zebra (E quus grevyi )

12 Zeb ra - h orse hyb rid (E quus grevyi ca

Zeb ra -as s h yb rid (E qua s grevyi

as in us )

PROBOS CIDEA .

Abyss in ian elephan t (Lomodon ta am“

can a omyo tis )Sumatran eleph an t (E leph a s sumatra/n a s )

BIRDS .

co

cc

i

A rizon a moun ta in sh eep (Ovis cana

den sis gail lardi )Mouflon (Ovis mus imo n )Barbados sh eep (Ovis aries )G reen lan d musk-ox .(Ovi bos mos ch a tus

Zebu (Bos in dicus )Yak (Poe

'phagus grunwien s )American b ison (B iso ft bi s on )In dia n buffalo (Buba lus buba lis )

C i co n i IFORMn s—con tin ued .

Brown pelican (Pe lecan us occiden

ta lis )Wa ter-turkey (A n h i n ga an h in ga )Florida cormo ran t (Ph a lacrocoram ou

ri tus floridan us )Gan n et -(S u la bass an

‘

a )G rea t ~ wh ite h eron (A rdea occi»

den ta lis ) _1.

G o liath h ero n (A rdea go lia th )American egret (Casmerodius egretta )S n owy egre t (E gretta san d/idiss ion a )Bla ck-crown ed n igh t h ero n (Nycticoram

n ycti coram umuiua) .

Boatb ill (Coch learius coch lea/rim )Wh ite stork (Cicon/ia cicon ia )Black s tork (Cioon ia n igra )Les ser adjutan t (Lep top ti lus jammi

cus )Woo

‘

d ib is (Mycteria american a )

S traw-n ecked ib is (Carph ibis sp in ico l

lis )

8“

ANNUAL REPORT SMITH SONIAN INSTITUTION,1923 .

GRU IFORME S .

Ea s t In d ian gallin ule (Porphym‘

o

ca lvu s )Bla ck- ta i led mo o r-h en (Micro tribon ymp en ira lis )

American coo t (Fu lioa american a ) "

S outh Isla n d weka rail (Ocydromusaus tra lis l

S h o rt-win ged weka (Ocydromus brachyp terus )

E arl’

s weka (Ocydromus ear li )Sa n dh ill cra n e (Grus mcmican a )Lit tle b rown cran e (G rus can aden s is )Wh ite - n ecked cran e (G rus leucon

ch en )In dia n wh ite cran e (Grus leueogera

Lilfo rd'

s cran e (G ry s li lfordi )S arus cran e (Grus co llaris )Aus tral ia n cra n e (Grus rubi cun da )Demo ise lle cran e (A n th ropoidea virgo )Crown ed cran e (Ba learica p avon in a )Wh ite -backed trumpeter (Psoph ia '

leu

cop tcra )Kagu (R h yn oah etos ja ba ta s )

CH ARADR IIFORME S .

Lapwin g (Van ellus

Yellow -wa ttled lapwin g (Lob ivan ellus

in d icus ) "

Pa cific gull (Ga b ian us paciflcus )G reat b lack-ba cked gul l (La/rus mar i

n us )H errin g gul l (Larus arg en tatus )S ilver gull (Larus n ovwh o ll‘an diw)Laugh in g gull (Larus a tri ci lla )Vic toria crown ed pigeo n (Goura vic

toria )

Aus tra lian . cres ted p igeon (Ocyp haps

lop h otes )Bro n ze -win g pigeo n (Pha/ps cha lc op

tera )Ma rque sa n dove (Ga llico lumba rubes

c en s )Wo n ga

-won ga pigeon (Leucosaroia pi

caf a )Wood pigeon (Co lumba

Mourn in g d ove (Zen aidura maemura )Necklaced dove (S pi lope lia

Zeb ra dove (G eOpelia s tria ta )Ba r-sh ouldered dove (G eop elia humer

a lis )In ca dove (S carda fe l la in ca )Cuban groun d dove (Ch a’mep e lia p as ~

s ei'

i n a aflavida )G ree n -win ged dove (Cha lcoph aps i/hd ica )

New Guin ea g reen dove (Ch a lcoph a/p s

ch rys och lora )R in ged turtle -dove (S trep tope lia ri

soria )

Fruit pigeon (Lampro treron superba )

CUCULIFORME S .

Road-r un n er (G eo eoocymoa l iforn i an us )

PS IT T ACIFORMES .

Kea (Nes tor

Cocka teel (Ca lops itta n owzh o llan dim)R o sea te co cka too (Kaka toe roseica

pi llan)Ba re -eyed cockatoo (Kaka toe gymn ap is )

Leadb ea ter’s cocka too (Kaka toe lead

Wh ite cockatoo (Kaka toe a lba )Sulphur-cres ted co cka to o (Kaka toe ga

Ieri ta )G reat red - cres ted co ckatoo (Kaka toemo luccen s is )

Ca ss in’s ma caw (A ra aurioo l lis )

Mex ican green macaw (A ra memican a )Blue-an d -

ye llow macaw (A ra. ara

raun a )R ed -an d -blue—a n d -yellow macaw (A ramama ) ,

H ah n’s macaw (D iops i ttaca h ah n i r

Wh ite- eyed paroquet (Ara tin ga lea

c oph th a lmus )Petz

’s paroquet (E up si ttula can ion

laris )Golden - crown ed paroquet (E up sittula

aurea )Weddell

’s paroquet (E up si ttula wed

dellii )Blue—win ged parro tlet (Ps ittacu la p as

s em'

n a )Yellow-win ged paroquet (T irica s ires

cen s ) .

G o lden paroquet (Bro togeris ch rys

os ema )T ovi paroquet (Bro togeris jugularis )Oran ge-win ged pa roquet (Brotogeris

Yellow- n aped parrot (Amazon a auro

p allia ta )Mealy parrot (Amazon a farin osa )) ran ge-win ged parrot (Amazon a amazon ica )

Blue - fro n ted parro t (Amazon a ms tiva )R ed - crown ed parro t (Amazon a viridi

gen a lis )

Doub le yellow-h ead parrot (Amazon aora trim)

Yellow-h eaded parrot (Amazon a achro

cepha la )Tes tive parrot (Amazon a fes tiva )sesser wh ite-fron ted parro t (Amazon a

a lbifron s n an a )San to Domin go parrot (Amazon aven tra lis )

Cuban parrot (Amazon a leueoce

p h a la ).I aximilian ’s parro t (Pion us mamimi l

REPORT OF

PS ITT ACIFORME S— con tin ued .

Dusky parro t (Pi on us-

fuscus )

Blue -h eaded parrot (Pion us men s

Amazon ian caique'

(Pion i tes . wun thomeria )

S h ort -ta iled parrot .(Gra/ycl idas ca lus

G ray parrot (Psi ttacus eri thacus )Lesser va sa parrot (Coracop s is n igra)G reater vasa parro t (Coracopsis vas a )Pen n an t

’s paroquet (P latycercus ele

R osella paroquet (Pla tycercusmi/us )

Black-tailed pa roquet (Po lytelis melan ur

‘a )

Kin g paroquet (Aprosmietus cyana

b eg in s ).R in g -

necked paroque t (Con urus tor~

quatus )Nepalese paroquet ; (Con urus n apalen

s is )G rass paroquet (Me lop sittacus u

'

n du

CORACIIFORME S .

G ian t kin gfish er (Dacelo gigas )Yellow-b illed h orn b ill (Lop h oc

'

eros

leuoomelas )Barred owl (S trim varia )S n owy owl (Nyctea n yc tea )_

S creech owl (Otus

Ch o l iba screech owl (Otus ch o liba )G reat h orn ed

“

owl (Bub o p iratn ian us )E agle-owl (Bubo bubo )American barn owl (Tyto per latapra tin co la )

A riel toucan (R a/mph as tos ar iel)

PAS S ERIFORMES .

Lo ck o f th e rock (Rupioo la rupico la )S ilver-eared h ill -tit (Mesia

’

argen

tauris )Red -b illed h i ll-ti t (Li o thrim-Black-gorgeted laugh in g

-th rush (Garru iam pectora lis )

Wh ite-eared bulbul (Otocompsa le u

co tis )European b lackb ird (Turdus merula )Pipin g \ crow-S h rike (Gymn orh in a ti bi

S a tin bower-b ird (Pti lon orhyn chus

vio lac eus )European raven (Corvus coram)Australian crow (Corvus coron aides )America n crow (Corvus braohyrhyn

ch os )Jackdaw (Corp us mon edula )Yucatan j ay (Ciss i lop h a yuca tan ica )Blue j ay (Cya n oci t ta cris ta ta )G reen j ay (Xan th oura lumuosa )

l

emi

TH E S ECRETARY.

“

f

—q

—1

Fire fi n ch'

(Lagon os tieta sen egalat

)S trawberry '

fi n'

l

ch (Aman dava a'man

—l

—c

- D

—l

—l —I

PAs s nn IEonME s— con ti n ued.

Aus tra lian g i ay jumper (S tru th idea

cin e‘rea )S tarlin g (S turn us vu lgar

-i s )Sh in ing starlin g (La/rn

'

procoram me

ta llio‘

n s)Laysan fin ch (T elespyz'a can ton s )Crimso n tan ager (Ramph ocelus dim/i

d/iatus )Blue tan ager (

'T hraup is c an a )

’

Paradise whydah (S tegan ura paradlis ea )

Sha ft-"tailed

Napo lean weaver (Pyrome lan a a fra )R ed b illed weaver (Quelea que lea )Madagascar weaver (Fon aia mada

Nutmeg'

fi n ch (Mun ia pun ctulata )Wh ite-

"

h eaded nun (Man ia mam)Bla ck

“

h eaded n un (Muni a a tri cap i lla )Java fin ch (Murcia oryzixvora )Wh ite Java fin ch (Mun/ta oryziv

’

ora )Masked

“

grassfi n ch' (Poeph i la p er

son ata )Black-f aced G ouldian fin ch (Po eph i lagouldice )

Red faced Gouldian fin ch (Poeph ilamirabi lis )

Diamon d fin ch (S tegan op leura'

, gut

ta ta )Zebra fi n ch (T a’n iopygia castan otis )Cut-throa t fin ch (Amadin a. fascia ta )Vera “Cruz red -win g (Ag elaius p

-hmn/iceus richmon di )

Purple grackle (Quisca lus quiscula )Green fi n ch (Ch loris ch loris )Europea n go ldfi n ch (Car duelis car

an o lis )Bramblefi n ch (Frin gi lla mon tifrin

gi lla )European siskin (S pi n us spin us )Mexican go ldfi n ch (A s traga l/inus psa l

tri a memica/n us ) a.

H ouse fin ch (Carpodacus memica n us

fron ta lis )S an Lucas h ouse fin ch (Carpodacusmemican us ruberrimus )

Can ary (S erin us ca/nwrius )G reen sin g in g fin ch (S erinus icterus )S la te-co lored jun co (J un co hyema lis )_

Wh ite th roa ted sparrow (c o trichia

a lb ico llis )S on g sparrow (Melospiza .me lod/ia )San D iego so n g sparrow (Melospizamelodia cooperi )

Sa fi ro n fin ch (S ica lis fla/veo la )S eed eater (S pbrophila guttura lis )Non pareil (Pass erin a ciris )Cardin a l (Cardin ah

'

s cardin a l/is )


REPT ILE S .

A ll iga to r (A lliga tor mis sis s ippien sis ) ,

Marin e igua n a (Amb lyrh ynchus cris

tatus)G ila mon ster (H elod erma susp eetum)G ould

’s mo n ito r . (Va/rams gouldi/i) i i

R o ck pyth o n (Pyth on mo luruS )R egal pyth o n (Pyth on reticulatus )

Diamo n d pyth o n (Python sp i lo tes )

A n a co n da (E un ectes

Boa co n strictor (Con s tri ctor con s tric

tor )S prea d in g adder (H eterodon con tor

Bla cksn ake (Co lub er co n s tri ctor )Blue ra cer (Co luber con s trictor flami

ven tr is )_

Ch icken sn ake (E laph e quadr ic i ttata )Co rn sn ake (E lap h e guttwta )Pilo t b lacksn ake (E laph e obso leta )Pin e sn ake (Pi tuop h is me la n o leueus )Bul l—sn ake (Pi tq h is sayi ) 3 Mexican goph er torto ise (G oph erusWa ter sn ake (Natrix sip edon )Wes tern water sn ake . (Na trim s ip edon

fa scia'ta )Garter s n ake (T h a/mn oph is s irta lis ) “

Moccas in (Agkis trodon

Copperh ead (Agkis trodon mokas en )Ba n ded ra ttlesn ake (Cro ta lus b orri

dus )Diamon d -b ack rattler (Crota lus ada

man ten s )

S TATEMENT OF TH E COLLECTION.

Accession s durin g th e year .

Birds . R eptiles . T otal .

Presen ted

Born an d h atch ed in

‘

Nationa l Zoological ParkR eceived in exchan ge

Purchased .

T ran sferred from oth er Governmen t departmen tsCapturedDeposited

T otal

SUMMART .

An imals on h an d July 1 , 1922Access ion s during th e year__

Tota l an imals han dledDeduct loss (by exch an ge , death , an d return o f an ima ls on depo s it )

An ima ls on han d Jun e 3 0 ,

N

MQO

N)

S n appin g turtle“

(Ch e l'

ydra serpen

ti n a )R o ssign on

’s sn ap-pin g turtle (Ch elydra

ross ign on ii )Maw

’s turtle (D erma temys ma i oi i)

Musk turtle (Kin os tern on odora tum)South American mu sk turtle (Kin os ter

n on s corpioides )Pen n sylvan ia musk turt le (Kin ostexr

n on subrubrum)Wood turtle (Clemmys

'

i n scuvp ta )South

\

American terrapin (N icor ia

(p un ctularia )Pain ted turtle (C

h rys emys picta )Cooter (Pseudemys

Cen tral American'

co o ter (Pseudemys'

orn a ta )Box-torto ise (T errapen e caro li/n a )Goph er torto ise

'

(Goph erus po ly

Desert torto ise (G oph erus ag ass izm)Dun can Islan d torto ise (T es tudo eph ip

p ium)In defatigab le Islan d torto is e (T es tudo

por teri )Al-b emarle Islan d tortoi se (T es tudo

vi cin a )South American torto ise (T es tudo

den ticu lata )


buildin g . Th is work was commen ced seven years ago but was dis

con tin ued durin g the war . It is greatly to be h oped that it may be

completed durin g the curren t year . After buildin g a n ew roadfrom the h ospital to the scales , n ear the Rocky . Moun tain sheepin closure , over the edge Of the fill previously made , the Old w in din groad was aban don ed an d there was available a large area o f flat

groun d suitable f or paddocks . Four extra large yards were design edalon g the automobile road, where Spec ies common ly kept in breedin g herds may be Sh own . On e yard h as been especially design ed fo rRocky Moun tain goats an d a min iature moun tain Of flin t bowldershas been con structed with in it. The other large yards borderin g theautomobile ro ad h ave been prepared for red deer, barasin gha deer,an d Japan ese deer. On the south side, borderin g the walk pass in gthe great flight cage for birds , are seven paddocks with shelters ,design ed especially for In dian buffaloes , tahr goats , aoudads

,axis

deer,an d s imilar species . T he water -buffalo yard has been provided

with a large tan k for bath in g , an d the tahr an d aoudad yards w ithlarge rock piles. The axis deer shelter in c ludes a closed room o f

commodious size for breedin g females, as th is species common lybrin gs forth the youn g in win ter, when the weather out Of doo rsis un favorable for youn g fawn s . Passin g directly through the cen terOf th is system o f yards from east to west is a service road alongwh ich all Of the shelter houses have been built. Th is system placesthe retreats for

.

an imals at the rear Of each yard, away from the

public,an d

,after proper plan tin g , makes the buildin gs compara

tively in con spicuous . It also simplifies care an d the sh iftin g or

tran sfer Of an imals w ithout actual capture . A t the en d o f the

year the yards an d shelters were practically completed ; the prin c ipalwork remain in g un do n e in cludes sidewalks , parkin g space , treeboxes , guard rails

,an d other min o r accessories .

ALTERATIONS OF BOUNDARIE S .

With the approval on Jan uary 23 , 1923 , Of the secon d deficien cybill, there was available for the purchase o f the strip Of lan dbetween the park an d Adams Mill Ro ad between On tario Road an d

Clydesdale Place . T he completion o f th is purchase adds aboutfeet o f lan d to the area o f the park an d protects the en tran ce at

A dams Mill Road from un sightly developmen t on on e Side . A n ew

dan ger that threaten s the beauty o f th is en tran ce way to the parkh as , h owever , most un expectedly arisen . On March 4, 1923 , an ac

t

o f Co n gress was passed an d approved disso lvin g the cemetery asso

ciation con tro llin g the burial groun d borderin g the Zoo logical Parko n the south between Adams Mill Road an d Rock Creek. The

-REPORT OF TH E‘

SEORETAB

'

Y. 1 03

trustees n amed in the bill are authorized to tran sfer the bodies interred in th is Old cemetery an d to sell the lan d. The perman en t

.h ighways plan o f the District o f Co lumbia shows a propo sed roadacro ss th is p roperty fromAdams Mill Ro ad to Calvert Street Bridge .

It w ill be n ecessary in order to protect th is section Of the park.

especially the beautiful ro adway leading down from the AdamsMill R o ad

'

en tran ce,to acquire that portion O f t he cemetery lyin g

between th is proposed roadway an d the park boun dary. It has beensuggested that the perman en t h ighways plan be modified

, an d that

the proposed road across the .Old cemetery be made from Adams MillRoad at the corner o f the Zoo logical Park to jo in Waterside Driveat Calvert Street Bridge . Th is would greatly reduce the area to bepurch ased for park purposes an d amply protect the in terests Of the

public.

IMPORTANT NEEDS .

R estauran t — A s po in ted out in recen t reports , a suitable restau

ran t buildin g remain s the most urgen t n eed o f the park. T he Old

refreshmen t stan d was con structed man y years ago Of the ch eapestmaterials . A t the presen t time it is in a b ad con dition an d is who llyin adequate to serve the n eeds Of the public . T he refreshmen t bootht Con n ecticut

u

Aven ue,on lan d recen tly tran sferred to th e Govern

men t, Should also be replaced by a n ew an d more sightly structure .

The in creased in come from ren tal Of these two co n cession s w ill wellrepay for the con struction Of buildin gs adequate for the service o f

the con stan tly in creasin g n umber o f visito rs .

Bird house .—The valuable co llection Of rare an d in terestin g birds

n ow the property Of the Governmen t remain s poorly housed for ex

h ib ition purpo ses . Because o f the great in terest taken in th is divi

sion o f the collectio n an d the n umbers Of beautiful an d curious birdsfrom all parts Of the world that are presen ted to the park, th e col

lection is c on stan tly growin g . The Old bird house was built as a

temporary structure man y years ago an d, in addition to bein g in a

b ad con dition , is en tirely too small eith er to accommodate the crowds

o f in terested visitors or to Show to advan tage the birds. Man y rare

specimen s, as a matter o f fact,can n ot regularly be placed on ex

h ib ition because o f lack Of room. It is greatly‘

to be hoped that a

n ew ,bird h ouse may be provided for in the n ear future .

Fun ds for purchase of an imals — Th e park h as n ever h ad sufficien tfun ds fo r the purch ase Of an imals . Rare spec imen s are from time to

time Offered f or sale that would fill distin ct gaps in the co llection ,

but because Of lack Of fun ds for their purch ase these are. frequen tlylost to th e park . Two con spicuous forms Of mammal life— the In

dian rh in oceros an d giraffe‘— may be men tion ed as examples . Oppor

104 ANNUAL. REPORT SMITH SONIAN INSTITUTION,

tun ities to purchase good specimen s Of these spectacular species don o t Often come,but because Of lack Of mon ey f or their purchase thepark has h ad to declin e the few Offered in *

recen t years . In order th atspec ial Opportun ities may be taken advan tage Of promptly, th ereshould be available fromyear to year a reason able sum for the pur

chase an d'

tran sportation o f an imals .


HOLLISTER,S uperin ten den t.

Dr. CH ARLE S D .WALOOT T ,

S ecretary“

,Smithson ian In s titution .


1 eduction s the results Of work prior‘to 191 3 on the distribution Of

1 adiatio n in the so lar en ergy spectrum,wh ile the Arizon a station

was employin g results Of 1920 . Mo reover,the pyran ometer in use

in Ch ile was Of an Old type un suitable to the wo .rk Furth ermore , the

sharpn ess Of defin ition o f the spectrum employed at Moun t HarquaHala was in feriorto that employed at Mon te zuma . It seemed prob

able that to remedy these defects an d put the two station s o n equalityin all reSpectS would lead to even clo ser harmony in their results ,although it mean t a revi si on o f the wh o le scheme

'

Of reduction s at

b o th statio n s, w ith a redetermin ation o f the systematic errors at each .

Th is is very importan t, for the so lar variation s rarely exceed 5 per

cen t,an d arema in ly less than 2 per cen t . It taxes the best Observin g

to reveal them. Th ese were the circumstan ceswh ich led to th e large

computin g program stated in the precedin g paragraph . It .has re

sulted in puttin g the two station s on equal footin g in every po ssible

way. They aYe n owcapable Of turn in g out jo in tly the best results

on the so lar variation that our experien ce can suggest a mean s to

attain .

The in strumen t maker,Mr . Kramer

,h as been on detached service

for almost the en tire year , en gaged in th e preparation ,accordin g

to plan s o f the director , ,Of two so lar radiation outfits ordered ,

respectively, by a committee o f in terested gen tlemen in Australiaan d by the Governmen t Of Argen tin a .

" T he Australian outfit wasfin ish ed an d sen t fo rward in Jun e , 1923 . T he Argen tin e outfit will

go fo rward about December , 1923 .

Fie ld work at Moun t lVilson .

— Messrs . Abbot an d Aldrich ob

served on Moun t Wilso n in the mo n th s Of July, August, an d the

fo re part ‘

Of S eptembe1 , 1922. They redetermin ed the form o f the

so lar spectrum en ergy cui ve . For th is In vestigation they employed

several differen t pri sms,in cludin g two o f ro ck salt . Their Object in

th is course was to vary th e procedure,as far as po ssible , so as to

get seve i al in depen den t checks on th e results . Upo n reduction ,all

Of the results o f 1922 came in to good accord with on e an other , an d

co n firmed th e work o f ,1920 very satisfacto rily. It n ow appears

that a large part o f the earlier work , on wh ich results published inVo lumes III an d IV Of the An n als were based ,was in jured in accuracy

by the employmen t Of a quartz prism o f in ferior tran sparen cy. If

this quartz prism work is re jected, th e rema 1n 1n g early work is in fair

accord w ith that Of 1920 an d 1922. T h e,n ew results , th erefore , n ow

are accepted , an d were publish ed immediately after th eir completion.

(Smith son ian Miscellan eous Co llection s , ,

Vo l. 74, NO. 7,

In the course Of th is so lar en ergy Spectrum work, th e Observers

made,so lar en ergy curves with .ro ckfsalt , prisms at differen t h ours

Of the day, exten din g as far down the spectrum as to wave - len gth

14 micron s . A s yet these Observation s are n ot reduced.

REPORT OE TH E S E ORETARY. 1 07

'

A lon g an d diflicul'

t task was un dertaken in t heObservation Of the

prismatic en ergy spectra'

Of 10 Of the brighter stars in the fo cus Of

the 100'

in ch reflecto r on Moun t Wilson ” After much discouragemen t in preparation Of apparatus an d prelimin ary trials , successfulresults were Obtain ed on three n igh ts . T he apparatus in cluded aspecial bo lometer an d a special galvan ometer . Chan ges Of tem

perature o f about on e on e hun dred"million th Of a degree Cen tigradeWere observable , an d electric curren ts Of about amperes wereread with the galvan ometer Of 10 Ohms resistan ce SO sen sitive wasthe device that it was affected to an almo st in credible exten t byelectromagn etic in duction . It even appeared that the operation Of

electric power in Pasaden a an d LOS An geles Was effective to causedisturban ce through the tran smission lin e s up the moun tain thoughcut o ff at the power house a

“

thousan d feet away from the te lescope .

Accordin gly, best Observation s Were made after 2 O’clock i n the

morn in g. The results are given in the paper just cited.

Fie ld work in A rizon a an d Chile — T he Moun t Harqua Hala sta

tion Observed so lar variation throughout the year un der th e eflicien t

direction o f Mr . A. F . Moore,ass isted un til April

,1923

,by Mr F . A .

Greeley. Mr . P . E . Greeley, who had been at Mon tezuma, exch an ged

places with h is brother an d reported at Harqua Hala about Jun e

Mr . L . B . Aldrich assumed the directo rsh ip at Mon tezuma aboutDecember 20

,1922

,succeedin g Mr . L. H . Abbot. A t both -

station sthe

‘

results o f 1923 have been very n umerous . They had n ot yet beencritically compared at the close o f the period covered

'

by th is repo rt.

RE SULTS OF T H E WORK ON SOLAR RADIATION.

A s lon g ago as 1903,we foun d in the Observation s then be in g con

ducted i n Wash in gtoii some in dl catiOn Of a variation o f the sun’s

“

output o f radiation . These in dication s were pursued for several

years at MOun t Wilson an d Moun t Wh itney, an d became so stron g

that,in 191 1 an d 1912

,expedition s were main tain ed in Algeria ,

co in ciden t with on e at Moun t Wilson ,to test whether th e suppose d

so lar variation s were reallyOf local character. The 1 esults seemed‘

confirmatory o f real solar ch an ges . T he work wen t on in summer

mon ths at Moun t Wilson,with gradual improvemen ts up to 1920 .

In the mean time Mr . H . H . Clayton ,fO11 1

ecaste1 Of th e meteoro

logical service o f Argen tin a, h ad commun icated eviden ce , at fi rst byletter an d later in two Smith son l an publication s (E ffect Of Sh ort

Period Variation s Of So lar Radiation on the E arth’s Atmo sphere,

Smithson ian lWiscellan eous Co llection s , VOL 68, NO. 3 , 1917 ; an d

Variatio n in So lar Radiation an d the Weather , Smithson ian Miscellan eous Co llection s , Vo l. 17

,NO showin g depen den ce Of

th e weather of various parts Of the world on fluctuation s o f solar

radiation . These in dication s he has n ow amplified an d recently


elaborately published (H. World Weather,”Macmillan

York,

But even at the begin n in g , to o n e train ed

by the late Secretary S . P . Lan gley to hope that some time some con

n ection would appear between so lar an d terrestrial ch an ges , Mr.

Clayton’s work was very in terestin g .

A t the writer’s suggestion , Secretary Walcott approved the ex

pen diture o f accrued in terest from the Hodgkin s Fun d to un dertakeall-year

- roun d Observation s Of so lar variation in a cloudless climate .

T he GreatWar h in dered the expeditio n , but it wen t forward in 1918to Calama , Ch ile , a statio n chosen on the advice an d exten sive man u

script . data furn ished by Dr . Walter Kn oche, formerly in charge Of

the weather service Of Ch ile.

By that time Mr. Clayton’s researches had led h im to believe that

actual forecasts might advan tageously be based o n so lar radiationwork. Accordin gly, soon after the establishmen t Of the Ch ile sta

tion ,arran gemen ts were .made to telegraph its results to Buen o s

Aires, an d a system Of forecastin g based thereon has actually been inuse in Argen tin a for several years . S ome Of its results are quoted inthe book Of Mr. Clayton , just cited.

The wo rk almost immediately attracted the favorable atten tiono f Mr . Joh n A . Roeblin g . By h is advice an d fin an cial assistan ce ,the Moun t Wilson work was tran sferred to a mo re cloudless localityfor all-year

- round Observin g at Moun t Harqua Hala,Ariz .

, an d alsothe Calama work was tran sferred to a h igher statio n

,Mo n tezuma ,

outside the dust an d smoke o f Calama an d Chuquicamata,wh ich

had been serious in co n ven ien ces .

Durin g these man y years , we h ad plodded o n in hope Of a satisfyin g fruition Of our labo rs . Many sign s there were that the so larradiation varies suflicien tly to be Of importan ce in terrestrial co ncern s . But they were Of the n ature Of in completely verified evi

deuces Of various sorts , all po in tin g the same way, but n o n e in itself

con clusive . With the con tin uous all-year- roun d occupatio n o f the

two fi rst- rate station s , made possible by Mr. Roebling’s gen erosity,the matter could be put, for the first. time , to a rigorous test . A n d

n ow we h ave made th is test. It is con clusive an d proves the sub

stan tial character Of so lar variatio n . Hereafter we wa lk by sight,where h itherto we wa lked by faith .

In the publicatio n cited (Mo n th ly Weather Review , February,1923 ) we Show that in over 100 days , when results were Obtain ed at

bo th Arizo n a an d Ch ile , the average deviation Of on e station from

th e other is per cen t,thus in dicatin g a probable errOr o f on e

day’s observation at o n e statio n o f per cen t . The average devia

tion fo r two years Of mo n th ly mean values between the two station s

is per cen t, an d this small value would doubtless be co n siderablysmaller if. the u in di-vidual days

‘

o f the -Severalmon ths : had a lways‘

b een

1 10 ANNUAL REPORT SMITH SONIAN INST ITUTION,1923 .

Po ssibly“

there may be foun d some formula for computin g so larcon stan t values by the aid Of 'direct so lar ph otograph s an d hydrogenan d calcium spectroheliograms , wh ich may en able the so lar radiationvalueS

’

tO be expressed with fair approximation for the past quarterOf a cen tury. If so

,it will be o f great advan tage .

PE RSONNEL.

In addition to the ch an ges Of person n el above men tion ed, Mr.

William H . Hoover was temporarily en gaged as assistan t begin n in gMarch

'

12,1923 . H e is in train in g to be director o f the proposed

so lar‘ radiation Observatory o f the Argen tin e Governmen t .at La

Quiaca ,‘ Argen tin a . Mr. Hoover Spen t some time in Wash in gtonan d some Upon Moun t Harqua Hala

,Ariz . Mrs . Arlin e -Leary

served as temporary computer , begin n in g April 16 , 1923 . Both o f

these assistan ts were paid from fun ds given f or the purpo se. byMr. John A . Roeblin g.

SUMMARY.

A comparison Of two years o f results on the variation o f so larradiation Observed at Moun t Harqua Hala

,Ariz .

,an d Mon tezuma

,

Ch ile,shows clo se ac cord between the station s an d agreemen t between

them in Sho'

win g forth so lar chan ges Of both longan d short,

in tervaltypes. Mon th ly mean values o f both station s in dicate a long con

tin n ed declin e Of the output o f solar radiation begin n in g In Novem

ber,

. 1921 , an d con tin uin g at least un til September , 1922. Th is isi n some respects the mOSt remarkable so lar ch an ge on record.

Great improvemen ts have been made at bOth station s , an d their Ob

servation s h ave been put as far as possible on exactly equal foo tin g .

It is believed th at begin nin g Jan uary 1,1924

,there will be still

closer accord in their results. Defin ite correspon den ces h ave been

Observed between the variation o f the sun’s radiation an d the varia

tion o f the most marked Of its visible features . S everal n ew deter"

:

min ation sOf the fo rm Of the sun ’s en ergy Spectrum distribution curve

con firm the similar work Of 1920 , an d lead to a revision Of the results

Of earlier wo rk published in Vo lumes III an d IV Of the ObservatoryAn n als . E n ergy spectra o f 10 o f the brighter stars were Observed

at the focus Of the 100- in ch telescope on Moun t Wilso n by

mean s o f a special spectrobo lometric apparatus . Temperature dif

feren ces o f approximately o n e on e - hun dred millio n th Of a,degree

cen tigraden were measured in th is in vestigation . So lar radiation

outfits have been prepared for Australia an d Argen tin a , to be

in stalled In the year 1923 .


C . G. ABBOT , Directo r.

DR . CH ARLE S D . WALCOTT ,'

S ecretary, Smi thson ian In s titution .

APPENDIX "

8 .

REPORT ON TH E INTERNAT IONAL OATALOG'

UE OF

SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE .

SIR : I 'haVe thehon o r to Submit the fo llowin g report on the opera

tio n s of the Un ited States Region al Bureau Of the In tern ation alCatalogue Of S cien tific Literature fOrthe fi Scal year en din g Jun e

'

3 0 1923 .

As the SuccessOf this in tern ation al en terpri se , In common W ith all

un dertakin gs depen den t on in tern ation al cooperation ,is n ecessarily

cOIitrOlled it h as been the hope Of all in terested inthe In tern ation al Catalogue th at each year ccon dition s would developwh ich would make reorgan izatiOn possible an d justify resumption o f

publication . A s in tern ation al aflairs,

- bo th po litical an d .fi n an cial,

are apparen tly still f ar removed from n ormalcy, the affairs o f“

the

catalogue are practically In the same con dition as they were in 1922.

A S was n oted In the last an n ual repOrt, the Smith son ian In stitutionsubmitted a statemen t Of its position to an in tern ational con ventionheld In Brussels In July, 1922, to con siderthe affairs Of the catalogiIe .

Th is statemen t carried with it a suggestion whOse Object was to keepthe in tern ation al organ ization in existen ce, it bein g gen erally con

ceded th at should the coun tries who are n ow an d have been for thepast 22 years Officially cooperatin g in the support Of the en terprise

be fo r an y reason disun ited it Would b e practically impossible toever regain their in tei est an d support. Though these Suggestion s

we i e prin ted in the last"

report Of th is bureau, they are in part

reprin ted here , as on them were based th e resolution s to con tin ue the

region al bureaus un til reorgan ization could be accomplished

It is“

the b elief of th e Smith son ian . In stitution

1 .Th at a class ified sub ject an d auth or in dex to th e literature of sc ien ce is

n eeded.

2.Th at n o better mean s ex ists ; of atta in in g th e en d sough t th an by carrying

Out th e origin al plan ~

or th e I n tern ation al Catalogue based on in tern at ion a l

coopera tion , guided by un iform rules an d "sch edules mod ified to meet ch an ges

in'

th e several scien ces , an d , when possib le , broaden ed in scope to in clude th e

a llied tech n ical b ran ches of th ese scien ces .

3 .Th at every e ffo rt Sh ould b e made to cooperate W .th a l l s imilar en terprises ,

in cludin g abstractin g agen cies , existin g or projected , n ot on ly to preven t duplication Of - lab or, but also to b etter serve th e deman ds Of th ose in n eed o f

b ib liograph ic aid.

4.Th at on accoun t Of ab n ormal con dition s still con troll in g pub lish in g costs

an d mon etary exch an ge , it is probab le th at actual pub lication can n ot b e at

11 1


presen t resumed un less fin an cial aid is had f rom some source outside th e pres.en t organ ization ; h owever, it is b elieved ,

5 . Th at the in tern ation al organ ization should b e kept in b ein g th rough ma

t ua l agreemen t to con tin ue th e work o f th e regio n al bureaus un til such timea s it may b e econ omically possib le to resume pub l ication . Wh en that time ar

rives th e stock of complete sets already pub li shed sh ould b e advertised f or sale

a t a price with in th e reach o f the smaller lib raries an d in stitution s , man y o f

Wh om, a lthough des irin g th is un ique referen ce Work , were preven ted from

sub scrib in g on accoun t o f th e h igh origin al cost.

Were the price reduced even to on e-fourth of th e origin al , stock in b and at

that figure represen ts a suffi cien t sum to meet all outstan d in g ob ligation s an d

leave a surplus for workin g capital.Th is statemen t was read at the open in g meetin g o f the conven

tion an d after a sho rt discussion the fo llowin g reso lution s wereadopted

Th at the con ven tion is o f opin ion th at th e in tern ation alOrgan ization sh ould

b e kept in b e in g th rough mutual agreemen t to con tin ue as far as po ssib le thework of th e regio n al bureaus un til such time as it may b e econ omically poss ib le

to resume pub lication .

That it b e referred to th e executive committee to con s ider an d after full co nsultation w ith in teres ted b odies to make proposals as to th e form o f

' futurepub lication an zl to repo rt with some defin ite sch eme to a meetin g of th e in ter

n ation a l coun c il to b e summon ed as soon as it appears possib le th at th e pub lication can b e resumed .

T he executive committee referred to con sists o f on e represen tativefrom each o f the fo llowin g n amed coun tries : Englan d , Fran ceItaly, Japan ,

Ho llan d,Denmark an d the Un ited S tates .

A t th is com en tio n Pro f. Hen ry E . Armstron g, ch airman o f the

executive committee,who Is the on ly o n e o f the foun ders o f the cata

logue remain in g in the o rgan ization , submitted a repo rt from wh ich

the fo llowin g items have been copied

A t the outset th ere was great en thusiasm f or th e work amon g th ose wh o

were its promoters in th e d iff eren t coun tries an d great care was taken in the

prepara tion o f th e sch eme ; th e organ ization th at h as b een deve loped,in con

sequen ce , has worked with remarkab le smooth n ess . Bureaus h ave been estab

lish ed in 3 2 coun tries , an d the rela tion s b etween th ese an d th e cen tra l o ffi ce in

Lon don h ave always b ee n of th e most h armon ious character possib le .

Mo st con vin c in g proof h as b een ob tain ed th at in tern ation al cooperation to

such an en d is n o t merely po ssib le but may b e made most effective . Th at a ll

th at was a imed at _h as b een accomplished n eed n o t,b e con ten ded ; but the

obvious sh ortcomin gs o f th e cata logue h ave b een a lmost en tirely due to lackof fun ds . T o have estab lish ed a system so widespread in its operation s is n o

sma ll ach ievemen t in itself.I am profoun dly con vin ced th at the prin ciples un derlyin g th e preparatio n o f

th e cata logue are soun d an d tha t an in tern ation a l system o f cataloguin g

scien tific literature is proved to b e feas ib le an d that its advan tages a re in

con testib le .

It is the first wo rk of th e kin d to be ca rried out in such detail an d over

so lon g a period— mo re th an 20 years . T o aban don th e en terprise after so

sa tisfactory a foun dation h as been la id would be to sacrifice an un ique ex

perien ce ga in ed at th e expen se o f great labor.

APPENDIX 9.

REPORT ON TH E LIBRARY.

S IR : I have the hon or to submit the fo llowin g report o n the

activities Of the library Of the Smithso n ian In stitution for the fiscal

year en ded Jun e 3 0 , 1923 .

Much has been accomplished,it is felt, toward better library serv

ice. Prin cipal Origin al articles , appearIn g In sc Ien tifi c an d techn icalperiodicals received fo r the Smith son ian deposit, h ave been broughtto the atten tio n o f members o f the staff , through the con tin uedpreparatio n Of a daily list, circulated amo n g heads o f scien tific burean s un der the Smithson ian In stitutio n . Books in the employees

’

library have been ren dered more accessible by their tran sfer to thepresen t quarters . Better protection h as been provided fo r the Olderaccessio n bo oks an d o th er records by their removal to darker

'

an d lessfrequen ted quarters , an d con gestion h as thus been relieved in the

receivin g room an d in the filin g cases . T he n umber o f publication sloan ed durin g the yearreached a total o f 6

,an d fully as man y

were con sulted without bein g taken out.

Man y rare vo lumes that otherwise would have required purch aseat great expen se have been received in exch an ge or by gift.

'Backn umbers Of publicatio n s required to complete sets have been re

quested in exch an ge from soc ieties an d organ ization s abroad, an d

man y have gen erously respo n ded durin g'

the'

year by presen tin gvaluable mateI ial, h itherto n ot available in American libraries . Spe»

cial atten tion h as been g iven to the tran smittal o f Smithso n ian pub

lication s In exchan ge .

FORE IGN PERIODICALS .

A classified list h as been prepared durin g the year Of foreign

periodicals , exclusive o f an n uals an d irregular serials , an d the fol

lowin g table o f subjects an d lan guages is submitted1 14

u -REPORT

German ic .

"

Italianf'

Span i sh .

c v c o - n o v p o o c n n q - o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

vo o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o o o o o o o o o o o o

o o o - . q . n c ; o - 0 a o - r c c o v v

Geography

MeteorologyNavigation

BIBLIOGRAPH IC RE SEARCHE S .

The'

th ird vo lume o f the “ Bibliography o f Aeron autics,coverin g

the years 1917 to 1919, in clusive , compiled by the assistan t librariano f the Smith soman In stitution , Paul Bro ckett, was issued durin g theyear by the Nation al Adviso ry Committee for Aeron autics. T he firstvo lume o f this bibliography was issued in 1910 as vo lume 5 5 o f the

Smithson ian Miscellan eo us Co llection s.Effo rts have been made for a n umber o f years t o compile a catalogue o f ; the"Watts de

'

Peyster co llection,

'Napo leon . Bon aparte,an d

a bibliography o f‘

scien tifi c'

an d techn ical periodica ls, but up to thepast few years it has n ot been po ssib le to devo te much time to

these pro jects. Durin g the past year, however, Mr. Co n dit h as beenable to brin g together a catalogue o f the rarer historical works in

the Watts de Peyster co llection ,an d to prepare a classified list o f

curren t foreign periodicals received fo r the library. T he latter work

should n ot be con fused with the larger plan , un der way for man yyears, for the compilation o f a list o f publication s o f learn ed societieso f the world in libraries throughout the Un ited S tates .

’

T he com

ANNUAL REPORT SMIT H SONIAN '

ilN ST ITUT ION,1923 .

pletion o f thi s proj ect does not seem po ssible: without the experi

diture o f a large sum o f mo n ey,which IS n ot at presen t available .

In the fo llowin g reports o f libraries admin istered un der the'Smithso n ian In stitution ,

a decrease will be n o ted in accession s,the

"

n atural con sequen ce o f the dec lin e in publicatio n abroad an d the factthat war accumulation s were taken care o f last year .

SMITH SONIAN MAIN LIBRARY.

T he addition s to the main library,n umberin g have been

tran smitted to the Smithson ian depo sit in the Library o fi

Con‘gress

,where they are made available to the public . Do cumen ts

o f fo reign Governmen ts, received 1n exchan ge for Smithso n ian publication s

,have been tran smitted in accordan ce with the established

practice,witho ut stampin g o r reco rdin g. T he n umber o f publica

tion s accession ed has n ow reached.Theses were rece ived from un iversities an d in stitutes o f techn o logyab road lo cated at the fo llowin g places : Amsterdam , Bas el , Berlin .

Bern,B

‘

on n,Breslau

,Delft

,Dresden ,

‘

Freiburg

,Ghen t , G iessen ,

Halle,Helsin gfors , Karlsruhe

,Kiel, Konigs

berg,Le ipzig

,Lun d

,Ro sto ck

,T okyo

,Tubin gen

,Utrecht

,Ziirich .

A n umber o f un iversities have temporarily discon tin ued the praetice o f sen din g the complete theses , owin g to the in creas ed co st o fprin tin g

,an d are n ow submittin g them i n abstract o n ly .

Missin g parts of in complete sets were requested i n exchan ge,as

in previ ous years , with an in creased percen tage secured, althoughthere was a declin e both in Wan ts requested and in wan ts secured.

Of publication s requested,921 were secured , a percen tage o f

asyagain st . 3 9.1 fo r last _year.

SMITHSONIAN OFFICE LIBRARY.

publicatio n s lean ed from the . ofiice f library . was

Th e accession s n umbered 3 78,o f which 347 were vo lume s an d

the remain der parts an d p amph lets z'Att-en tion should be called to

th e fact‘

that'no bin din g h as been don e for .the o ffi ce library durin gthe last six 'y

'

e ars ; o'

win g to'

lacko f f un ds .’

The‘pr'

ogress-

o f the cataloguin g : in -the gen eral library catalogueo f the 'smith son iah In stitution ,

kept in the o ffice library , 18 1 ShOWIl

by“

the fo llowin g statistics1 922—23 . 1 921—22.

Volumes ca ta logued 6 , 3 41

Volumes 1 eca tala logued 1 09 V'

1 5 5

Charts cata logued 198 160

4 243

Library ro'

f Con gress ca rds 85 8 592

New titles added to auth o 1 ca ta logue 2, 2995

1, 61 4

1 1 8 ANNUAL REPORT SMITH SONIAN INSTITUTION,1923 .

SM ITH SON IAN BU ILDING AND ANNEX.

It will be seen that the use o f the library can n ot be estimated uponthe basis o f its lo an s alon e . Man y vo lumes are con sulted in the

gen eral library,the techn o logical library , an d the various section al

libraries without bein g taken out. Referen ces are frequen tly re

quested over‘

the telephon e by members o f the staff o f the Museuman d o ther Govern men t bureaus, an d every effort is made to complywith these requests. .Of the lo an s made durin g the year ,were to the section al libraries , an d were bo rrowed from o therlibraries.The subject catalogue o f the library h as been in creased bycards. T he arran gemen t o f accumulated cards from the Con ciliumBibliograph icum,

received sin ce the clo se o f the war,has been

progressin g an d is well un der way.

ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY LIBRARY.

T he requiremen ts o f the staff o f the Astrophysical Observatory,bo th in Washin gton an d at the vario us station s, in the way o f ref

eren ce service, are met through the Astrophysical ObservatoryLibrary . Loan s are made through the Smithson ian Office Library .

There were added durin g the year 1 1 3 vo lumes, 27 parts o f vo lumesan d 54 pamphlets .

BUREAU OF A MER IOAN ETHNOLOGYLIBRARY.

Th e activities o f the Bureau o f American Ethn o logy Library are

covered in the report o f the chief o f that bureau . The library isadmin istered un der his immediate direction .

NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK LIBRARY.

The library o f the Nation al Zoo logical Park, located three milesdistan t from the Smithson ian buildin g, con tain s supplemen tal ma

terial o f importan ce in the fields o f zoo logy an d park admin istratio n .

The in crease fo r the year , as shown by accession s, was six vo lumesan d four parts .

NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART LIBRARY.

The Nation al G allery o f Art Library is rapidly growin g. S in cethe gallery has begun the issuan ce o f a separate series o f publication sthere h as been a n o teworthy in crease in the material that h as beenreceived in exchan ge . There were accessio n ed 128 vo lumes an d 21 3


periodicals. Periodical parts n umbered 740. The gift o f the yearmost worthy o f men tion i s the large , han dsomely illustrated vo lumeo f pain tin gs in the Bach stitz Gallery at The Hague.

FREER GALLERY OF ART LIBRARY.

In con n ection with the art collectlon s In the Freer buildin g, a

large library wasbrought together-byMr. Freer. A catalogue o f the

works con ta in ed in it has n ot been in corporated in the gen eral libraryo f the In stitutio n . There have been ,

however, 13 7 accession s in the

library, an d 10 o f these were added durin g '

th e year. Many o thervo lumes belon gin g to the

'

Smith son ian’

In stitution'

have '

b een deposited in that buildin g,to be. retain ed in defi n itely,

'

-n 1'

ost'

o f these bein greferen ce works an d volumes

'

relatin g to Orien tal art.

SUMMARY OF RECE IPTS AND ACCE SSIONS .

The n umber o f pieces o f mail received durin g the year was 25

o f which 6 publication s were Governmen t documen ts, an d weresen t to the Library o f Con gress, In accordan ce with the establishedpractice . Addition s to the library

,as shown by the accession records,

are given below .

Otherpublication s .

T otal.V olumes

Astrophysical Ob servatory .

Freer,

Gallery of Art 1

Smith son ian deposit "

Smith son ian offi ce .

Un ited States Nation alMuseum

10, 938


1

PAUL BROCKETT ,A ssistan t Librarian .

Dr. CH ARLE S D. WALOOT T ,

{9 S ecretary, Smithson ian In s titution .

APPENDIX

REPORT ON TH E PUBLICAT IONS a .“ 1 .I

SIR : I have the hon or to submit the . followin g repOI t 0 11 the

publication s o f the Smithson ian In stitutio n an d its bran ches dui_i n g the year en din g J un e 3 0 , -1923 :

T he In stitution proper published durin g the year 9 papei s inthe series o f Miscellan eo us Collectio n s

,1 an n ual repo rt an d pam

phlet copies o f 3 0 articles in the gen eral appen dix to this repOI t ,

an d 3 special publication s . The Bureau o f American Ethn o logypublished 2 bulletin s an d 2 an n ual repo rts. The Un ited S tatesNation al Museum issued 1 an n ual repo rt

,2 vo lumes o f p 1oceed

in gs , 37 separates from the p 1 o ceedin gs , 6 bulletin s , 2 pai ts o f

bulletin s,an d 4 parts o f volumes in the ser1es Of Co n tr

mibutiOn s

from th e Un ited S tates Nation al H ei b arium. T h e Nation al GalleryOf A rt issued 1 vo lume in the

'

series o f Catalogues o f Collection s .Of these publication s there were distributed durin g the year 1 39 ,

666 copies,which in cludes 1 3 0 vo lumes and separates o f the Smith

somian Co n t1 ibutio n s to Kn owledge,18

,801 vo lumes an d separates

o f the Smithson ian Miscellan eo us Co llectio n s,

vo lumes an d

separates o f the Smithson ian an n ual reports, Smithson ian

special publication s, 72,529 vo lumes an d separates o f the v

'

ai ious

series o f Nation al Museum publicatio n s,17

,694 publications '

o f .the

Bureau o f Ameri can Ethn o logy,816 publication s o f the Natio n al

G allery o f A rt,

vo lumes o f th e An n als o f th e AstrophysicalObservato ry , 3 1 repo rts on th e Harriman Alaska expedition , 74. 1 e

p0 1 ts o f the American H istorical Association ,and 37 publicatio n s

presen ted to but no t issued directly by the Smithso n ian In stitutio n

o r its b1 an ches

SMITHSONIAN MISOELLANEOUS”

COLLE CTIONS.

Of the Smithson ian Miscellan eo us Co llectio n s, vo lume 5 6 , 1 paperwas issued ; vo lume 67, 1 paper ; vo lume 74, 6 papers ; vo lume 76 , 1paper ; in all

,9 papers

,as fo llows :

VOLU LIE 5 6 .

No . 19. T h e S ilver Disk Pyrhe liometer (R eprin t , revised ) . By C. G. Abbot.July 1 0 , 1922. 1 0 pp . , 1 p l . (Publ .

120


Modifyin g our ideas o f n ature : T he E in ste in theory o f rela tivity , by Hen ryNorris R usse ll.

T h e a lka li problem in irriga tion , by Carl s . Scofi eld .

A n outlin e of geophys'ical-chemical problems, by R obert B . Sosman .

T h e yie ldin g of th e earth’s cr‘ust , by William Bowi e .

T h e age o f earth , by th e R ight H on . Lord R ayleigh , W. J. Sollas , J. W.

Gregory , an d Haro ld Jeff reys .

T h e departmen t o f geo logy of th e U . S . Nation a l Museum , by George P . Merri ll.Some observa tion s on th e n atura l his tory o f Costa R ica , by R obert R idgway.

T h e historic developmen t o f th e evo lution ary idea , by Bran is lav Petron ievics .

T h e heredity of acquired characters , by L. Guen ot.Breedin g habits , deve lopmen t, an d birth o f th e opossum , by Carl Hartman .

Some pre limin ary rema rks on th e ve locity o f migra tory fl ight amon g birds ,with special referen ce to the Palaearctic region , by R . Mein ertzh agen .

A bo tan ica l recon n aissan ce in southeastern Asia , by A . S . H itchcock.

A n t acacias an d acacia an ts o f Mexico an d Cen tra l America , by W. E . Sa fford.

T h e fa ll webworm , by R . E . Sn'

odgrass .

Co llectin g in sects on Moun t R a in ier, by A; L. Melan der.

T he scien ce of man : Its n eeds an d prospects , by Karl Pearson .

Pigmen tation in th e o ld American s , with n otes on grayin g an d loss o f ha ir,by Ales Hrdlicka .

An ces tor worship o f the Hopi In dia n s , by J . Wa lter Fewkes .

T h e In dian in li terature , by Herman F . C. T en Ka te .

Leopard men in th e Naga Hills , by J. H . Hutton .

A n ew era in Pa les tin e explora tion , by E lihu Gran t.T h e a limen tary education of children , by Marcel Labb é .

A fi f ty-year sketch history of medica l en tomology, by L. 0 . Howard.

La id an d wove , by Dard Hun ter.

Lead , by Carl W . Mitman .

William Crawford Gorgas , by R obert E . Noble .

REPORT FOR 1 9 2 2

The report o f the executive committee an d pro ceedin gs o f theBoard o f Regen ts o f the In stitution

,an d the repo rt o f the secretary

,

bo th fo rmin g part o f the an n ual repo rt o f the Board o f Regen ts toCo n gress

,were issued in pamphlet fo rm in December, 1922.

R eport o f the executive committee an d proceedin gs of the Board o f R egen tso f the Smithson ian In stitution f or th e year en din g Jun e 3 0 , 1922. 1 0 pp.

(Publ.R eport of th e Secretary of the Smithson ian In stitution f or th e year en din gJun e 3 0 , 1922. 1 25 pp . (Publ .The gen eral appen dix to this report , th e man uscript o f whichwen t to the Governmen t Prin tin g Office a few days after the close

o f'

the fiscal year,con tain s the fo llowin g articles

Wh o will promo te scien ce " by C . G . Abbo t.Recen t discoveries an d theories re latin g to th e structure o f matter, by KarlTaylor Compton .

T h e architecture of atoms an d a un iverse built o f a toms , by C . G. Abbo t .Aeron autic research , by Joseph S . Ames.

Photosyn thes is an d th e poss ible use o f so lar en ergy, by H. A. Spoeh r.

Fogs an d clouds , by W. J. Humphreys .

REPORT “

OF sTH E S ECRETARYg. 123

Some asp ects of th e use Of the an n ual rin gs of trees in clima tic study , byProf. A . E . Douglass .

T he age of th e earth , by T. C‘

. Chamberlin an d o thers.H ow deep is the ocean " by C. G. Abbo t.Two decades o f gen etic progress , by E . M. E as t.Observation s on a Mon tan a beaver can a l, by S . Stillman Berry.

T h e R epublic o f Salvado r; b y Paul C. S’tan dley.

T h e ten t caterpillar , by R E . Sn odgrass .

T h e life his tory an d habits of th e solitary wasp, Philan thus gi bbosus , byEdward .G. R e in hard.

T he use of idols in Hopi worsh ip, by J. Walter Fewkes .

Two Chaco Can yon pit h ouses , by Ne il M. Judd.

Collection s Of Old World archeo logy in th e Un ited Sta tes Nationa l Museum ,

by I .,M. Casan ow icz.

e Shake R e ligion of Puget Soun d, byT .

'T. waterman .

E xcava tion s at A ska lon , by Prof. J. Gars tan g.Nation al efforts at home makin g, “ by F H; NewellIdea ls o f th e te lephon e serv ice , b y John J. Carty.

SPECIAL PUBLICAT ION S

T he , Smithsonian In stitution (descriptive apamph let ) . 7 pp . .

Title page an d con ten ts of Volume Smithson ian Miscellan eous Colleetion s . (Publ.Title page an d con ten ts of Vo lume 72, Sm1thSon 1an Misce llan eous Colleetion s . (Publ .

PUBLICATIONS OF T H E UNITED STATE S NATIONAL MUSEUM.

The publication s o f the Nation al Museum a re (a ) . The an n ualreport

,the Proceedin gs o f the Un ited S tates Nation al Museum ,

an d (c) the Bulletin Of theUn ited S tates Nation al Museum,which

in cludes the con tribution s fromthe Un ited S tates National H er

barium. The editorship o f these publication s IS vested in Dr. Marcus Ben j amin .

Durin g the year en din g J un e 3 0 , 1923 , the Museum published_1 an n ual report

,2 volumes o f proceedmgs, 6 complete bulletin s, 2

parts o f bulletin s , 4 parts Of vo lumes in the series Con tribution sfromthe Un ited S tates Nation al Herbarium

,an d 37 separates from

the proceedin gs.T he i ssues o f the bulletin were as fo llows

Bulletin 1 00 , volume 5 . Con tribution s . to th e bio logy of the Philippin e Archipelago an d adj acen t region s— Ophiuran s of th e Philippin e -Seas an d adj acen tw aters . By Ren e Koehler.

Bulletin 120 . T h e Opalin id cilia te in fusorian s . By Mayn ard M . Metcalf.,

Bulletin 121 . Life histories of , North American petre ls an d pe lican s an d t h eir

a llies— Order Tubin ares an d order Stegan opodes . By Arthur Cleve lan dBen t.Bulletin 122. A mon ograph of the American shipworms . By Paul Bartsch .

Bulletin 123 . R evis ion of th e North American moths of th e subfamilyEucosmin ae of th e family Olethreutidae. By Car l Hein rich.

1 24 ANNUAL REPORT SMITH SONIAN INST ITUTION,1923 .

Bulletin 124. T h e type Species o f the gen era of Cha lcido idea or Cha lcid-fl ies .

By A. B . Gahan an d Margare t M. Fagan .

Bulle tin 1 26 . Life histories o f North American wild fowl— Order An seres (part ) .

By Arthur Cleve lan d Ben t.Of th e separate papers Of the Con tribution s from the Un itedS tates

Nation al Herbarium,the fo llowin g were issued :

Vo lume 23 , part 2. Trees an d Shrubs o f Mexico . (Fagaceae-Fabaceae ) . ByPaul C . Stan dley.

Vo lume 24, part 2. Studies o f trop ica l American fern s , No . 7 . By William R :

Maxon .

Vo lume 24, part 3 . Key to th e Gen us Diplosteph ium, with Description s of New

Species . By S . F. Blake .

Vo lume 24, part 4. Native Names an d Uses of Some Plan ts of E astern Gua

tema la an d Hon duras . By S . F. Blake .

Of the separates from the proceedin gs,5 were from vo lume 61 ,

21 from vo lume 62,an d 1 1 from vo lume 63 .

PUBLICATIONS OF T H E BUREAU OF AMER ICAN ETHNOLOGY.

T he editorial work o f th e Bureau o f American Ethn ology isun der the direction o f Mr . S tan ley Searles , editor.

_Durin g the

year there were published two an n ual reports an d tv’

vo bulletin s,as

fo llows

Thirty-fourth An n ua l R eport . Accompan yin g pape rs : A Prehis toric Is lan dCulture Area o f America (Fewkes ) . 281 pp . , 120 pls. , 69 fi gs .

Thirty-seven th An n ua l R eport. Accompan yin g paper : T he Win n ebago Tribe(R adin ) . 5 60 pp . , 58 pls ., 3 8 fi gs .

Bulletin 76 . Archeo logica l In ves tigation s (Fowke ) . 204 pp .,45 pls . , 3 7 fi gs .

Bulletin 77 . Villages o f th e Algon quian , S iouan , an d Caddoan Tribes westo f the Miss issippi (Bushn e ll ) . 21 1 pp ., 5 5 pls . , 1 2 fi gs .

There were in press or in preparation at th e clo se o f the year 4 ah

n ual reports an d 5 bulletin s,as fo llows :

Thirty-e ighth An n ual R eport. Accompan yin g paper : A n In troductory S tudyo f th e Arts , Crafts , an d Customs of th e Guian a In dian s (R o th ) .

Thirty-n in th An n ua l Re port. Accompan yin g paper : T he Osage Tribe : T heR ite o f Vigil (La Flesche ) .

Fo rtieth An n ua l R eport. Accompan yin g papers : T h e Mythica l Origin of th e

White Buffa lo Dan ce o f th e Fox In dian s ; T h e Autobiography o f a Fox In dianWoman ; Note s on Fox Mortuary Cus toms an d Beliefs ; Notes on th e Fox

Society kn own as“ Those Wh o Worship th e Little Spo tted Buffa lo ; “

T h e

Tradition a l Origin o f the Fox Socie ty kn own as T he S in gin g-Aroun d R ite(Michelson ) .

Forty-fi rst An n ua l R eport. Accompan yin g paper : Socia l Organ iza tion an d

So cia l Usages'

o f th e In dian s Of th e Creek Con federacy (Swan ton ) .Bulletin 78 . Han dbook of th e In dian s of Californ ia (Kroeber ) .Bulletin 79 . Blood R even ge , War

,an d Victory Feasts amon g th e Jibaro In dian s

o f E astern E cuador (Karsten ) .

Bulle tin 80. Man dan an d'

H idatsa Mus ic (Den smore ) .

Bulletin 81 . E xcavation s in the Chama Valley, New Mexico (J ean con ) .Bulletin 82. Fewkes an d Go rdon Groups o f Moun ds in Middle Ten n essee .

(Myer ) .

Report. Of the Secretary "of the Smithsonian Institution

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