Recommendations on the Licensing of the 5GHz (5150-5350, 5470-5725, 5725-5875 MHz) frequency bands A...

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Recommendations on the Licensing of the 5GHz(5150-5350, 5470-5725, 5725-5875 MHz) frequency bands

A submission by the UK 5GHz Advisory Group

February 2001

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TABLE OF CONTENTS1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.............................................................................................................................................................3

2 INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................................................................7

3 THE GLOBAL VIEW OF SPECTRUM AT 5GHZ..................................................................................................................9

4 THE GLOBAL HARMONISATION OF STANDARDS ..................................................................................................... 12

4.1 BACKGROUND.........................................................................................................................................................................124.2 ETSI HIPERLAN/1 .................................................................................................................................................................134.3 ETSI HIPERLAN/2.................................................................................................................................................................134.4 IEEE802.11A.............................................................................................................................................................................144.5 FIXED WIRELESS ACCESS .....................................................................................................................................................14

5 CONSIDERATION OF SPECTRUM USAGE AND INTERFERENCE MITIGATION................................................... 15

5.1 BACKGROUND.........................................................................................................................................................................155.2 SPECTRUM USAGE..................................................................................................................................................................155.3 INTERFERENCE MITIGATION ...............................................................................................................................................16

6 CONSIDERATION OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SYSTEMS ........................................................................................... 18

6.1 BACKGROUND.........................................................................................................................................................................186.2 SPECTRUM LICENSING ..........................................................................................................................................................186.3 REMOVAL OF PROHIBITION ON PUBLIC USE .....................................................................................................................196.4 REMOVAL OF THE GENERAL PROHIBITION ON PROVISION OF SERVICE TO MOBILE TERMINALS ..........................21

7 FIXED WIRELESS ACCESS................................................................................................................................................... 23

7.1 FIXED WIRELESS ACCESS/ RLAN COEXISTENCE .............................................................................................................237.2 BAND B....................................................................................................................................................................................237.3 BAND C....................................................................................................................................................................................24

8 NATIONAL REQUIREMENTS WITHIN THE R&TTE DIRECTIVE............................................................................... 26

8.1 BACKGROUND.........................................................................................................................................................................268.2 RTTE DIRECTIVE OBLIGATIONS..........................................................................................................................................268.3 PLACING EQUIPMENT ON THE MARKET ...........................................................................................................................26

9 THE WAY FORWARD IN THE UK........................................................................................................................................ 28

ANNEX I GLOBAL VIEW OF SPECTRUM AT 5GHZ

ANNEX II GLOBAL HARMONISATION OF STANDARDS

ANNEX III ERC HIPERLAN DECISION (99)23

ANNEX IV REVIEW OF RECOMMENDATION 70-03 ANNEX 3

ANNEX V INTERFACE REQUIREMENTS FOR LAN EQUIPMENT OPERATING AT 5GHZ

ANNEX VI UK 5GHZ ADVISORY GROUP TERMS OF REFERENCE

ANNEX VII UK 5GHZ ADVISORY GROUP MEMBERSHIP

ANNEX VIII TERMINOLOGY

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1 Executive Summary

1.1.1 This report presents industry recommendations to the Radiocommunications Agency (RA), anExecutive Agency of the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), on the licensing and use of the5GHz frequency bands. This report will also be presented to other government departments, suchas DTI Communication Information Industries Directorate (CII) and OFTEL.

1.1.2 As radio frequencies between 5150 MHz and 5725 MHz are becoming available for Radio LocalArea Networks (RLANs), and there is also an ISM band between 5725 and 5875 MHz, which isallocated to short range devices. The RA aims to manage use of these frequencies so as topromote innovation in services and technologies, maximise user benefits and competitiveness andpromote the development of e-commerce.

1.1.3 To ensure that industry in the UK is able to take full advantage of the 5GHz band, it is essential thatthere is early acceptance of the recommendations within this report which will enable the RA, aswell as CII and OFTEL, to meet its stated objectives as described in paragraph 1.1.2 above

Recommendation 1

It is recommended that access to Bands A and B as well as the ISM band (Band C) is made available on alicence exempt basis.

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Recommendation 2

It is recommended that the UK usage of 5GHz is as follows:

Band Abbreviation(for the purposes of this

report only)

Frequency(MHz)

Use

A 5150-5350 RLAN (see section 4.1.4)Indoor systemsMax EIRP 200mWIt is recommended that FWA not be considered in Band A

B 5470-5725 RLAN (see section 4.1.4)Outdoor and indoor systemsMax EIRP 1WIt is recommended that sharing studies should be undertakenon the use of FWA in Band B. These should take intoaccount studies already undertaken (such as in thedevelopment of the ERC Decision), the impact on existingservices and any possible associated recommendations/limitations on FWA operation

C 5725-5875(ISM band)

Short range devicesCurrently Max EIRP 25mWIt is recommended that consideration is given to raising theEIRP in Band C for outdoor devices installed on permanentstructures to 2 Watts and possibly 4 Watts (following co-existence studies with other services)

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Recommendation 3

UK5GAG recommends that the UK Administration participates in the ongoing activities forglobal harmonisation of HIPERLAN/2, MMAC and IEEE802.11a standards.

Recommendation 4

It is recommended that the channel plan and spectrum mask in Annex V should be mandatedthrough the Interface Regulation.

Recommendation 5

It is recommended that there should be no further partitioning for different usage within Bands Aand B, recognising ERC Decision (99)23 and Band C recognising ERC Recommendation 70-03.

Recommendation 6

It is recommended that the Telecommunications Service Licence (TSL) and the Cordless ClassLicence (CCL) are merged so that there is no differentiation between fixed, mobile and cordlessservices and wired and wireless connections.

Recommendation 7

It is recommended that Bands A, B and C are made available for public use and both traditionalpublic and private operation is permitted across all bands, in line with Recommendation 5, from2001 onwards.

Recommendation 8

It is recommended that if it is necessary to apply market management conditions to the provisionof conveyance services, they should be applied under the Telecommunication licence and not thespectrum use authorisation.

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Recommendation 9

It is recommended that the Telecommunication Act licensing regime is changed in a way thatremoves the differentiation between self provision (SPL) and service provision (TSL) in the useof wireless technologies.

Recommendation 10

It is recommended that FWA not be considered in Band A.

Sharing studies should be undertaken on the use of FWA in Band B. These should take intoaccount studies already undertaken (such as in the development of the ERC Decision), theimpact on existing services and any possible associated recommendations/ limitations on FWAoperation.

Recommendation 11

It is recommended that consideration is given to raising the EIRP in Band C for FWA outdoordevices installed on permanent structures to 2 Watts and possibly 4 Watts (following co-existence studies with other services) to address rural environments.

Recommendation 12

It is recommended that the elements within Annex V are incorporated into the InterfaceRequirements and that these are published without delay.

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2 INTRODUCTION

2.1.1 This report presents industry recommendations to the Radiocommunications Agency (RA), anExecutive Agency of the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) on the licensing and use of the5GHz frequency bands. This report will also be presented to other government departments, suchas DTI Communication Information Industries (CII) and OFTEL.

2.1.2 As radio frequencies between 5150 MHz and 5725 MHz are becoming available for Radio LocalArea Networks (RLANs), and there is also an ISM band between 5725 and 5875 MHz, which isallocated to short range devices. The RA aims should manage use of these frequencies so as topromote innovation in services and technologies, maximise user benefits and competitiveness andpromote the development of e-commerce.

2.1.3 An RLAN is a high bandwidth, two way data communications network using radio as the mediumof transmission rather than optical fibre or copper cable and operating over a limited geographicarea. HIPERLANS (HIgh PERformance Radio Local Area Networks) are a subset of RLANs,that have been standardised by ETSI. RLANS are already being used extensively in the USA, aswell as some European countries, in airports providing access to information for travellers and inhotels to enable guests to access the internet via RLAN enabled devices such as laptops. RLANswill become an integral part of the mobile communications environment.

2.1.4 In October 1999, the RA issued a consultation paper entitled ’Short Range, High Data Rate,Nomadic Equipment operating in the frequency range 5.150 – 5.875GHz’1 which sought industryviews on:

§ whether only interoperable systems should be permitted to use the spectrum or whether othersystems, only capable of co-existence, should also be allowed in;

§ whether only private systems should be permitted or whether public systems should also beallowed, and

§ determining the best way to allocate the available spectrum.

2.1.5 Following signficant industry response, a one day workshop was hosted by the SpectrumManagement Advisory Group (SMAG) in June 2000 to consider the allocation and use ofspectrum at 5GHz. This inititative, welcomed by the Industry, encouraged feedback and stimulateddebate. As part of this process the UK 5GHz Advisory Group (5GAG) was established in July2000 to make recommendations on the utilisation and allocation of the 5GHz spectrum. Three subgroups were formed to consider:

§ services and likely quality of service that could be provided (Marketing sub group),

§ usage and partitioning of the spectrum for public and private use (Band Partitioning sub group),and

§ appropriateness of fixed wireless access (Fixed Wireless Access sub group).

1 www.radio.gov.uk

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The results from these groups form the basis of this industry response.

2.1.6 The industry believes that the recommendations encompassed within this report will enable the RA,as well as CII and OFTEL, to meet its stated objectives to promote innovation in services andtechnologies, maximise user benefits and competitiveness and promote the development of e-commerce, with RLANs as an integral part of the mobile communications environment.

2.1.7 Recognising that there was participation from all members of industry, there was not completeagreement on the use of the spectrum for fixed wireless access.

2.1.8 UK 5GAG accepts that their prime objective is to recommend to RA the optimum way forwardfor the UK, but within the context of the European and Global market. Throughout the discussionsof UK 5GAG and its working groups, it is considered essential that a 'UK only' solution should beavoided and actions taken to ensure a common European and Global, where possible, approach tothe use of this spectrum is realised. It is important to ensure that the use of the spectrum is:

a in line with EU, ETSI and ERC standards and Decisions and,

b embraces wherever possible the relevant IEEE standards and codes of practice if theindustry, operators and users are to achieve the benefits of a global market.

2.1.9 In this respect it is also recommended that the RA continues to be active members of theInternational groups promoting this level of global harmonisation

2.1.10 Throughout this report the term ’user’ is deemed to be the end user or the consumer whereas theterm ’provider’ is deemed to be ’the party who offers service’. The provider could be either theuser (in the case of an in-home network or corporate RLAN), or a telecommunications operator/ISP (in the case of ‘hot-spot’ public access).

2.1.11 The terms of reference for UK5GAG can be found in Annex VI.

2.1.12 The membership of UK5GAG can be found in Annex VII.

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3 THE GLOBAL VIEW OF SPECTRUM AT 5GHz

3.1.1 At a global level, the spectrum available at 5GHz is currently defined, within the ITU-R RadioRegulations, for a number of different services. However, WRC2000 agreed that the 5GHz bandshould be considered for an allocation to the Mobile Service at WRC2003, providing anopportunity to harmonise, on a global basis, the spectrum available for the use of RLAN devices.It is important to note that there are currently differences between CEPT countries, Australia,Japan, USA and Canada with respect to EIRP levels, the frequency bands and the operationalrestrictions. These differences are detailed in Annex I although it is hoped that some of these willbe resolved at WRC 2003.

3.1.2 Within Europe, the CEPT ERC Decision (99)232 states that the bands 5150 to 5350 MHz and5470 to 5725 MHZ should be designated for the use of HIPERLANS with a 200 mWatt EIRPlimitation in the lower band and a 1 Watt limit in the upper band. Further, that the lower bandshould be restricted to ’indoor’ applications because the band is to be shared with the FixedSatellite Service. The UK has agreed to follow the ERC Decision and the principles within it. ERCHIPERLAN Decision (99)23 is included in Annex III. CEPT has also produced arecommendation for the usage of the ISM band 5725 to 5875 MHz; this has been published asRecommendation 70-03. The relevant section of ERC Recommendation 70-03 is detailed inAnnex IV.

3.1.3 When considering the development of national frequency arrangements it is important to considerthe global as well as the European situation. Any spectrum plan developed for the UK must beflexible enough to be consistent with future developments within CEPT countries and be ascommon as possible with other countries such as the USA (noting comments in section 3.1.1). Aspectrum plan should also be sustainable and allow for the long term development of the market.

3.1.4 Figure 1 illustrates the current power levels and spectrum designated by the ERC Decision (99)23and Recommendation 70-03. To simplify the discussion in this document, the followingterminology has been used:

Band ‘A’ refers to the spectrum band 5150 to 5350 MHz

Band ‘B’ refers to the spectrum band 5470 to 5725 MHz

Band ‘C’ refers to the ISM spectrum band 5725 to 5875 MHz

2 Annex III

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Current power levels and spectrum designated by ERC

3.1.5 ERC Decision 99(23) mandates the following:

• employ Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) over at least 330 MHz if Bands A and B areused and 255 MHz if only Band B is used

• employ Transmitter Power Control (TPC) in Bands A and B

3.1.6 At a national level, the UK makes spectrum available to operators and end users as either licenceexempt or licensed spectrum. Some other European countries make these bands available on alicence exempt basis.

Recommendation 1

It is recommended that access to Bands A and B as well as the ISM band (Band C) is madeavailable on a licence exempt basis.

200 mW

1 W

Figure 1

547053505150 5725

25 mW

EIRP

Frequency (MHz)

IndoorBand A

indoor/outdoorBand B

ISMband C

5875

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Recommendation 2

It is recommended that the UK usage of 5GHz is as follows:

Band Abbreviation(for the purposes of this

report only)

Frequency(MHz)

Use

A 5150-5350 RLAN (see section 4.1.4)Indoor systemsMax EIRP 200mWIt is recommended that FWA not be considered in Band A

B 5470-5725 RLAN (see section 4.1.4)Outdoor and indoor systemsMax EIRP 1WIt is recommended that sharing studies should be undertakenon the use of FWA in Band B. These should take intoaccount studies already undertaken (such as in thedevelopment of the ERC Decision), the impact on existingservices and any possible associated recommendations/limitations on FWA operation

C 5725-5875(ISM band)

Short range devicesCurrently Max EIRP 25mWIt is recommended that consideration is given to raising theEIRP in Band C for outdoor devices installed on permanentstructures to 2 Watts and possibly 4 Watts (following co-existence studies with other services)

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4 THE GLOBAL HARMONISATION OF STANDARDS

4.1 Background

4.1.1 There are a number of groups around the world developing standards for both RLAN and FixedWireless Access (FWA) systems. The most prominent are ETSI BRAN, the IEEE and MMAC inJapan. The harmonisation of the physical layers started in Autumn 1998 to enable a common basisfor co-existence and interworking. The almost identical physical layers were on the agenda of thejoint meeting in January 1999 with IEEE 802.11, ETSI/BRAN and members from the MultimediaMobile Access Communication Systems Promotion Council (MMAC/PC) from Japan.

4.1.2 The IEEE Task Group working on the high data-rate extension in the 5GHz band, project802.11a, was able to produce a new draft standard and reported

”In a series of joint meetings with the Physical Layer working group of ETSI/BRAN,we made further agreements on the technical details of the PHYs of both groups...IEEE 802.11 decided to support a letter from ETSI/BRAN to the European SpectrumEngineering group (CEPT WGSE) to ensure that the Radio LAN devices would notharm co-existence with existing users in 650 MHz of the 5GHz band. IEEE 802.11also decided to join in sponsorship of a letter prepared by ETSI/BRAN and MMAC-PC to the related Working Party of the ITU-R to support lower restrictions in the5.15-5.25GHz band.”

4.1.3 This was the first step towards partial harmonised standards and coexistence. The 5GHz wirelessindustrial advisory group, started by Microsoft, Intel and Compaq3, initiated a new harmonisationeffort in July 2000 by asking ETSI BRAN, IEEE 802.11 and MMAC to collaborate in order toachieve a single unified standard.

4.1.4 Information on the development of FWA systems in the 5GHz band, such as IEEE 802.16WirelessHUMAN is included in Annex II.

3 http://www.microsoft.com/hwdev/wireless

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4.1.5 All RLAN equipment that is used in Bands A and B in the UK should meet the requirementsdetailed in the appropriate Interface Requirements document (which is still to be written by theRA). The Interface Requirements document should take account of the sharing studies which havebeen undertaken to enable Bands A and B to be used efficiently (including sharing with otherservices), and incorporate the limits which have been identified by CEPT and ETSI accordingly.Annex V contains a recommendation for those key elements of the Interface Requirements, namelythat it must include the restrictions which are given in the ERC Decision(99)23 (ie the use of TPC,DFS, EIRP limits and limits for outdoor usage). The ETSI standardised HIPERLAN/2 system willmeet these requirements and therefore should be allowed to operate in Bands A and B.HIPERLAN/1, also standardised by ETSI, currently does not meet all these requirements (eventhough it has a dispensation within the ERC Decision) and would therefore need to be modified inorder to enable it to be used in the UK. There is ongoing work within a Task Group of the IEEEto introduce these requirements as an option into a variation of the IEEE 802.11a standard. TheIEEE 802.11a standard (or any other equipment technology) which incorporates these featuresshould also be allowed to be used in Bands A and B in the UK.

4.1.6 UK5GAG fully supports these ongoing activities to harmonise standards. It is anticipated that theinitial results of these harmonisation activities should be available within 2001.

4.2 ETSI HIPERLAN/1

4.2.1 HIPERLAN/1 provides short-distance high-speed radio links between computers. Typically,HIPERLAN/1 is intended to be used for local, in-house and on premises networking. TheHIPERLAN/1 standard was published in October 1996. However, there are no products on themarket and interest is very limited. Furthermore, the HIPERLAN/1 physical layer is notharmonised with HIPERLAN/2, IEEE 802.11a and MMAC standards (e.g. it does not have a 20MHz channel raster). As discussed in section 4.1.4, HIPERLAN/1 would need to be modified inorder for it to meet the proposed Interface Requirements detailed in Annex V and to be used in theUK.

4.3 ETSI HIPERLAN/2

4.3.1 HIPERLAN/2 is intended to give consumers in corporate, public and home environments wirelessaccess to the Internet and future multimedia, as well as real time video services at speeds from 6Mbits/s to 54 Mbit/s, of which 6, 9, 12, 18, 27 and 36 Mbits/s are mandatory. The system willprovide interworking with several systems including Ethernet, IEEE 1394, ATM and UMTS. Thebasic equipment standards have now been published and as a result of liaison between CEPT andETSI BRAN the mitigation techniques of Transmit Power Control (TPC) and Dynamic FrequencySelection (DFS) are included in the equipment standards as required by ERC Decision 99(23).

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4.4 IEEE802.11a

4.4.1 The initial IEEE802.11a standard was approved in 1999 and following considerable liaison withETSI BRAN during the development of the specification the physical layer is largely similar to thatdescribed for the HIPERLAN/2 physical layer. Data rates of 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 and 54Mbit/s are supported, of which 6, 12 and 24 Mbit/s are mandatory, and the higher rates optional(some of these rates are slightly different to those specified by ETSI BRAN due to differences incoding). A Task Group within IEEE (Spectrum Management 802.11a Task Group, or TaskGroup h) is currently considering the addition of Transmit Power Control (TPC) and DynamicFrequency Selection (DFS) protocols to IEEE802.11/ 802.11a.

4.5 Fixed Wireless Access

4.5.1 Recently, a work item has been started in ETSI BRAN, in the HIPERMAN group, with the task ofdrafting a functional requirements document for FWA below 11 GHz, although not currentlyintended for the 5GHz band. A similar group in IEEE, called wirelessHUMAN, has inititated astandardisation for the unlicensed bands below 11 GHz, particularly in the 5GHz band. This iscovered in more detail in Annex II

Recommendation 3

UK5GAG recommends that the UK Administration participates in the ongoing activities forglobal harmonisation of HIPERLAN/2, MMAC and IEEE802.11a standards.

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5 CONSIDERATION OF SPECTRUM USAGE AND INTERFERENCEMITIGATION

5.1 Background

5.1.1 UK5GAG considered the issue of band partitioning in the context of the ERC Decision and takinginto account the current spectrum licensing regulations in the UK. This section illustrates theincreased technical efficiencies gained by not adopting band partitioning thereby allowing for theimproved provision of services to the consumer.

5.2 Spectrum usage

5.2.1 The conventional method that is used to designate spectrum to different uses is to divide a bandand use a licensing process (such as licensed or licence exempt) and criteria that have beenhistorically used for that type of allocation. This approach requires a detailed market forecast foreach potential use. Considering the available channels as a single group, there is a significantimprovement in spectrum efficiency when the market is allowed to develop without arbitraryconstraints and according to actual market demand.

5.2.2 Designation of the channels in a single tranche also enables spectrum management and licensingprocedures to be simplified. However, users sharing licence exempt spectrum must accept that thequality of service will be on a best endeavours basis and therefore their required data rate may notalways be available.

5.2.3 If systems use the spectrum randomly with their own choice of channel raster and bandwidth thereis a risk that although each system will use only that spectrum it needs, it will effectively excludeother systems from some parts of their own raster plan thereby reducing the spectrum efficiency.In addition, centre carrier frequency inaccuracy, if excessive, could have the effect that aneighbouring channel is removed from service. To this end, to ensure optimum efficiency allsystems using Bands A and B should have the following characteristics:

• common raster plan of 20 MHz, and• accurate frequency containment within the band or channel

5.2.4 Adoption of the above principles in the Interface Regulation, see Annex V, would enableindependent systems to share spectrum and exhibit an overall measure of efficiency. Althoughthese characteristics should be employed in all designs that use the 5GHz band, any regulatoryrequirements must be kept to a minimum and not constrain use of the spectrum unnecessarily.

Recommendation 4

It is recommended that the channel plan and spectrum mask in Annex V should be mandatedthrough the Interface Regulation.

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5.3 Interference mitigation

5.3.1 For essential and commercial services, users will continue to expect an assured high quality service,with only minimal (controlled) interference. The spectrum available in Bands A and B is nonexclusive and therefore cannot support an assured quality/ grade of service. This is because userswould share the spectrum allocation with their neighbours, as well as users of the other services inthe band, and hence the quality of service could be compromised. Thus no individual user orservice provider will be able to guarantee a quality/ grade of service, and services will be providedon a best endeavours basis.

5.3.2 When systems are uncoordinated, each system is an independent source that may have its ownqueue for access to the group of channels but between systems there can be no inter-system queuecontrol. Bids to gain access to a channel will therefore arrive randomly and thus double seizureattempts on a channel will be possible. To avoid the double connection possibility an effectivecontention resolution policy will be necessary.

5.3.3 Equipment designed to operate only in Band B must be able to select any channel from that band inorder to meet the interference mitigation requirements of the primary spectrum users, as stated inERC Decision 99(23). Similarly, equipment capable of operating in bands A and B must also beable to select any channel over a bandwidth of at least 330 MHz. Any partitioning of spectrumwould require that the equipment selected only a subset of these channels and would thereforecontravene the requirements of the ERC Decision. Any segmentation of the spectrum wouldreduce the effect of the DFS which has been mandated in order to enable sharing with MobileSatellite Services (MSS) feederlinks and the Earth Exploration Satellite Service (EESS).

5.3.4 The function of DFS is twofold; to avoid interference with other terrestrial services and to providea uniform channel utilisation across the band (thereby minimising interference into the satelliteservices). The operational conditions (EIRP level, indoor/outdoor usage, DFS and TPC) werederived during extensive discussions leading up to the approval of the ERC Decision.

5.3.5 The requirements of the ERC Decision differ from conditions imposed in other parts of the world.Some parties have proposed changes to the operational conditions in order to improveharmonisation and make the manufacture of RLAN devices more cost effective. The changesinvolve a reduction in the spreading requirement and at the same time a reduction in the allowedEIRP. Recognising the difficulty in reaching agreement on the ERC Decision, it is considered thatthe proposed changes would need to be considered in more detail at an international level (bothCEPT and ITU-R) in order to ensure that there would not be an adverse impact on the satelliteservices sharing the band.

5.3.6 DFS enables individual systems to share a group of channels by ’listening’ to a channel beforeattempting a seizure, it then continues to listen and to ensure that it is transmitting in that channel. Ifthe system cannot confirm that it is transmitting, it withdraws and reattempts seizure after an intervalof time. Permanent channel reservation and fixed channel assignment are not compatible with thisapproach so should not be allowed.

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5.3.7 To minimise interference problems and maximise the capacity of licence exempt spectrum, newtechniques are available which enable equipment to find and use available spectrum and henceminimise interference by use of power and/ or distance limitations in conjunction with self protectingand spectrally ’polite’ techniques.

5.3.8 In any defined 3D geographical location spectrum has a limited capacity. In the case of a singlechannel, the size of the geographic area used by a system can be expressed in terms of the rangewithin which a client of that system can operate without interference (ie a function of the maximumoperating range of the system and a safety margin for no interference). The operating range is afunction of transmit power, path loss and receiver sensitivity so for optimum geographic efficiencythe transmit power should be set to the minimum necessary to achive acceptable performance. Ithas been deemed a requirement of the ERC Decision that transmitter power control (TPC) shouldprovide an average reduction in power of at least 3dB.

5.3.9 The power limits and operational restrictions derived in the ERC Report 67, and specified in theERC Decision, are there to ensure the power flux density (pfd) limits at the Non-GeostationaryOrbit (NGSO) MSS feeder link are not exceeded. These were then used by the ITU-R todevelop Recommendations S.1426 and M.14544, to ensure protection of the MSS feeder links ona statistical basis.

Recommendation 5

It is recommended that there should be no further partitioning for different usage within Bands Aand B, recognising ERC Decision (99)23 and Band C recognising ERC Recommendation 70-03.

4 Title of ITU-R Recommendation S.1426 is "Aggregate power flux-density limits, at the FSS satellite orbit forradio local area network (RLAN) transmitters operating in the 5150 - 5250 MHz band sharing frequencieswith the FSS (RR No. S5.447A)".Title of ITU-R Recommendation M.1454 is "E.i.r.p. density limit and operational restrictions for RLANS orother wireless access transmitters in order to ensure the protection of feeder links of non-geostationarysystems in the mobile-satellite service in the frequency band 5 150-5 250 MHz".Both are available for download from http://www.itu.int/bredh/publications/inforce.html

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6 CONSIDERATION OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SYSTEMS

6.1 Background

6.1.1 In addition to the requirements for spectrum licensing under the Wireless Telegraphy Act, there is arequirement for communications service provision licensing under the Telecommunications Act.The regimes that implement these Acts were established with particular objectives relevant at thetime. Market and technological developments in many areas has meant that the present regimesare limiting the opportunities for users to receive services.

6.1.2 At present, with a few exceptions, licence exempt spectrum can only be used for communicationsservices on a self-provided or private basis. An individual licence is required if services are to beprovided either to third paries or on a public basis in designated licence exempt spectrum,

6.1.3 Currently, under the regulatory framework which underpins the Telecommunications Act, theauthorisation of provision of services is not technological neutral. Although radio links may be usedfor the provision of fixed access services (where the spectrum is appropriately licensed) provisionof services to mobile terminals is specifically precluded under both the Telecommunication ServicesLicence (TSL a class licence for provision of services to third parties) and the fixed PTO licence.

6.2 Spectrum licensing

6.2.1 Currently, the general licence-exempting regulation (Statutory Instrument 2000 No 1012) excludesthe possibility of using the identified spectrum to provide services ’by way of business to anotherperson’. However, there are limited possibilites to use certain licence-exempt spectrum in smallscale public systems in the UK under the Wireless Telegraphy Act (WT Act) Public AccessCordless Telephony (PACT) licence.

6.2.2 The Telecommunication Act (T Act) licence which would be relevant to license the use of thisspectrum, would be either the ’Telecommunication Services Licence’ (TSL) for fixed applicationsor the ’Cordless Class Licence’ (CCL) for mobile applications. A system operating under eitherthe TSL or CCL is limited to certain sites/ groups of sites and therefore effectively a local system.In addition, the CCL is limited to DECT and CT2 technologies only, and includes a prohibition ona service provider offering an inter-site roaming facility. The table below indicates the requirementsto provide both fixed and mobile applications for small scale public use using licence exemptspectrum:

TelecommunicationsAct

Wireless TelegraphyAct

Fixed applications TSL Individual spectrumallocations and licences

Mobile applications CCL PACT

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6.2.3 Other than the limited possibilities for service provision using DECT or CT2, mobile wirelessservices to the public can only be provided using individually licensed spectrum and a mobile PublicTelecommunications Operator (PTO) T Act licence. Individually licensed spectrum is assigned toan operator to enable the operator to offer a defined coverage and quality of service.

6.2.4 The RA has indicated5 that it is reviewing, in conjunction with DTI and OFTEL, the operation ofpublic systems in licence exempt spectrum and to examine how the T Act licences (eg TSL, CCL)would need to be amended to meet the current and future needs of industry.

6.2.5 An effective review of the current licensing for licence exempt spectrum would also provide anenabling route for TSL and CCL type applications to use a more flexible range of radio solutions.The TSL and CCL should be merged into a single General Authorisation that does not differentiatebetween wired and wireless connections.

6.2.6 The industry believes that the review should develop an approach consistent with a ’light touch’licensing regime.

Recommendation 6

It is recommended that the Telecommunications Service Licence (TSL) and the Cordless ClassLicence (CCL) are merged so that there is no differentiation between fixed, mobile and cordlessservices and wired and wireless connections.

6.3 Removal of prohibition on public use

6.3.1 The spectrum available in Bands A and B is non exclusive and therefore cannot support an assuredquality/ grade of service that is provided by individually licensed spectrum. This is because userswould share the spectrum with their neighbours, as well as users of the other services in the band,and hence the quality of service could be compromised. Thus no individual user or serviceprovider will be able to guarantee a quality/ grade of service, and services will be provided on abest endeavour basis. This spectrum should not be used by users who will continue to expect anassured high quality/ grade of service.

5 RA 1 rev 1 WT Act and T Act issues for licensing public services in licence exempt spectrum distributed to MobileServices Committee)

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Service Requirements

Figure 2

6.3.2 However, no operator who provides services under any PTO licence should be excluded fromproviding the types of services possible over licence exempt spectrum.

6.3.3 The review will need to take account of the proposals for General Authorisations arising from theEU 1999 Legislative Review6 that makes no distinction between self provision and serviceprovision for profit. It would therefore be appropriate for this spectrum to be managed from thestart in the same manner that is likely to be required from 2002/ 3.

6.3.4 Figure 2 summarizes the findings of an analysis (by the Marketing sub group) of potential wirelessapplications according to their need for quality of service and bandwidth. At the extreme low endof the scale one finds web surfing and file transfers, where relatively modest bandwidth is requiredand Quality of Service (QoS) is not at issue. At the opposite extreme we find streaming video andmultiplayer games, requiring the most bandwidth including QoS guarantees.. If this could beanalysed to identify the applications where bandwidth and QoS are expected to be an issue, itmight be possible to determine the likelihood of such use occurring in locations where congestion orinterference are also likely to be an issue. If the conjunction of the two sets is found to be low, thenperhaps the inability to guarantee QoS is of limited concern.

6.3.5 A new Statutory Instrument (SI) would be required to remove the prohibition on the use ofspectrum to provide services ’by way of business to another person’ in Bands A, B and C whichis defined in SI 2000 No 1012.

6 http://europa.eu.int/ISPO/infosoc/telecompolicy/review99/review99en.pdf

1Mbps 10Mbps100Kbps 100Mbps10Kbps

Web surfing, Remote e-mail

E-MailCollaboration

Remote IntranetBest Endeavours

QoS

Residential Video Survelliance

Educational WebIntranet

Spooled video

Chat, Home AutomationConsumer Location-based

Medical TelemetryCommercial Location-based

Video conferencing, industrial automationCommercial video survelliance

Ad-hoc business networking meeting

Streaming video

Multiplayer games

Voice Telephony

- 21 -

Recommendation 7

It is recommended that Bands A, B and C are made available for public use and both traditionalpublic and private operation is permitted across all bands, in line with Recommendation 5, from2001 onwards.

6.4 Removal of the general prohibition on provision of service to mobile terminals

6.4.1 The relationship between the user and the service providers must also be considered. The presentTelecommunications Act licensing regime differentiates between a user providing their ownconveyance services and those provided by a third party .

6.4.2 In practice, the relationship between the user and the service providers vary considerably and arecovered by commercial law. In this context, users can be either end users or service providers intheir own right. In the current regime the type of licence required depends on the relationshipbetween the users and the service provider. If the users and service provider are related (eg bybeing within the same company), the Self Provision licence (SPL) can be used as with normalprivate use, and this applies whether the service is to a fixed or mobile terminal. If the end-usersand service provider do not have such a relationship then the Telecommunications Services licence(TSL) can only be used if the network is geographically limited and provision is only to a fixedterminal.

6.4.3 Differences in the possibilities for use of wireless technologies under the SPL and TSL complicatethe marketing and sales of wireless technologies to businesses and service providers . This isparticularly so because managers of systems that operate under the SPL need the flexibility tooutsource their system to an independant service provider who will operate under the TSL or theirown individual Telecommunication Act licence. Under the present arrangements a manager whowants flexibility cannot use technology in licence exempt spectrum and those operating under afixed PTO licence cannot provide services to mobile terminals.

6.4.4 The desired effect could be achieved by removal of prohibition on provision of mobile servicesunder the TSL so that it aligns with the SPL. It would then be for the spectrum licensingarrangements only to provide the spectrum managment requirements. The question of removing theasymmetry under the Telecommunication Act licensing, between provision of mobile and fixedservices, should also be addressed

Recommendation 8

It is recommended that if it is necessary to apply market management conditions to the provisionof conveyance services, they should be applied under the Telecommunication licence and not thespectrum use authorisation.

- 22 -

Recommendation 9

It is recommended that the Telecommunication Act licensing regime is changed in a way thatremoves the differentiation between self provision (SPL) and service provision (TSL) in the useof wireless technologies.

- 23 -

7 FIXED WIRELESS ACCESS

7.1 Fixed Wireless Access/ RLAN coexistence

7.1.1 The interest of the Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) community operating in the 5GHz band raisesthe question of whether FWA and RLAN systems can coexist and whether there should be anypartitioning with respect to these two applications.

7.1.2 A critical aspect of FWA systems, specifically for the residential market is the provisioning cost,consisting predominantly of the hardware cost and the installation cost. FWA systems should becapable of functioning in near Line of Sight (LOS) and non Line of Sight conditions. This andinstallation features should make the subscriber devices easily (and preferably customer) installablewith high coverage, which significantly reduces the provisioning cost.

7.1.3 On the basis that the FWA systems are outdoor systems, it is not necessary to consider Band A,because the ERC Decision does not permit the operation of outdoor systems in that band.

7.2 Band B

7.2.1 On the basis that FWA systems are outdoor systems, for any potential impact on RLANoperation, it is only necessary to consider Band B where the ERC Decision allows for outdoor use.It is anticipated that RLAN will operate both indoors and out of doors in this band.

7.2.2 Directional antennas for FWA would mitigate potential interference with other systems and alsominimize the effect of other interfering systems with FWA systems.

7.2.3 It is expected that any FWA system operating in this band will have to comply with the relevantUK Interface Requirements for the particular band under consideration. It is envisaged that forBand B operation these will include DFS and TPC consistent with the Interface Requirements(Annex V). It might reasonably be expected that FWA base stations will use various antennasincluding sectorized antennas. Antenna choices should be left to the system operators as differentsystems e.g. mesh and PMP have different antenna requirements..

7.2.4 The fundamental differences between RLAN devices and FWA systems are their relative mobility,their relative activities and the practicality of using directional antennas by FWA systems. Thephysical disposition of the two types of system together with the limited transmit gain and receiversensitivity on the vertical direction of antennas commonly used may provide additional isolationbetween the two types of systems.

7.2.5 In an uncontrolled environment it is foreseen that in a given area it might be possible that a basestation would use a significant number of channels and/or there could be multiple FWA operatorsalso using a significant number of channels, thereby sterilising those channels over an area aroundthe base station. The flexibility provided by DFS, designed to mitigate interference both with otherservices and between RLAN devices themselves, could be significantly reduced to the extent that a

- 24 -

RLAN device entering the area around an FWA base station would not be able to operate. Onepossible way to mitigate against this effect would be to limit the number of channels that a basestation can use at any one time.

7.2.6 Some members of UK5GAG believe that FWA should be permitted in Band B, while othersbelieve that FWA should not be permitted in Band B. It was agreed that further studies should becarried out to assess the feasibility of sharing Band B.

Recommendation 10

It is recommended that FWA not be considered in Band A.

Sharing studies should be undertaken on the use of FWA in Band B. These should take intoaccount studies already undertaken (such as in the development of the ERC Decision), theimpact on existing services and any possible associated recommendations/ limitations on FWAoperation.

7.3 Band C

7.3.1 It is possible to consider Band C for the operation of FWA.

7.3.2 For FWA, along the lines explored by the 802.16 WirelessHUMAN task group, the 5GHz ISMband would be an attractive spectrum slot. Especially for system architectures that do not require avast pre-installation of infrastructure, the lack of excessively expensive and time-consuming licenceacquisition forms a strong market enabler.

7.3.3 The main services already using this band are military radiolocation (as a continuation of the bandbelow in which RLANs will be allowed to operate), Electronic News Gathering / OutsideBroadcast (ENG/ OB) links and the Radio Amateurs. There is also an allocation to the FixedSatellite Service.

7.3.4 It might be assumed that DFS may need to be employed in this band in order to enable sharingwith military radiolocation (as is the case in the band below) and ENG/ OB. However similararguments to Band B also apply here, although in this case it is likely to be the FWA systems thatsuffer from the high EIRP levels of radar and ENG/OB transmissions. For example if there is asignificant utilisation of channels by one or more FWA systems in an area and an ENG/OB linkstarts to operate in that area it may be the case that there are not any appropriate channels whichcan be used by an FWA system for reconfiguration purposes.

7.3.5 In addition the impact of FWA systems on Short Range Devices (SRDs) operating in accordancewith CEPT Recommendation 70-03 needs to be considered further.

7.3.6 Regarding the maximum EIRP, whether single-carrier or OFDM modulation is used, it will bedifficult to provision a FWA system under the current EIRP level (25 mW), even when the cell-sizeaim is below one mile. Therefore, it is recommended that consideration is given to raising the EIRP

- 25 -

for FWA operation in rural environments to a maximum of 4W and in urban environments to amaximum of 2W in Band C.

7.3.7 As a reaction to concerns about interference between FWA systems and indoor RLAN or WPANdevices (in the US UNII band). It has been estimated that enough isolation can be achieved that issufficient for co-existence, however it should also be noted that RLANs can be permitted tooperate outdoors where there may not be enough isolation for co-existence. This is currently underfurther investigation by ITU-R JRG 8A-9B.

7.3.8 Another consideration, apart from the above, are the regulations by the FCC and Industry Canada,for example allowing 4W EIRP in this band. From a spectrum management globalisation point ofview, it would be desirable to take into full account equivalent rules in other countries.

Recommendation 11

It is recommended that consideration is given to raising the EIRP in Band C for FWA outdoordevices installed on permanent structures to 2 Watts and possibly 4 Watts (following co-existence studies with other services) to address rural environments.

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8 NATIONAL REQUIREMENTS WITHIN THE R&TTE7 DIRECTIVE

8.1 Background

8.1.1 The R&TTE Directive seeks to regulate the placing on the European Community market of radioand telecommunication terminal equipment. It further seeks to provide a basis for global circulationof these products and also, in the case of harmonised products, the use of the products throughoutthe community. It does not directly affect National licensing regimes.

8.2 RTTE Directive obligations

8.2.1 The R&TTE Directive 1999/5/EC entered into force on 7th April 1999, and is applied as of 8th

April 2000. Transitional arrangements, relating to products placed on the market prior to 8th April2000, will end on 7th April 2001. The R&TTE directive replaces type approval of equipment withmanufacturer conformity assessment to make sure that the device meets essential safety andemissions requirements.

8.2.2 Member states may regulate the effective use of the spectrum by means of licence conditionswritten in 'Regulated Interfaces8' or by requirement, published in ‘Interface Requirements9’. Theregulations apply to spectrum usage (including visitors) and not placing products on the market.

8.2.3 Compliance with R&TTE does not guarantee permission to use the product, which remains amatter for National licensing.

8.3 Placing equipment on the market

8.3.1 Type approval legislation (but not technical parameters) is now discontinued in EU because of theR&TTE Directive, which requires that products on sale are safe and do not cause interference.Applying a harmonised standard is generally accepted as the best route to providing a basis for adeclaration of conformity. In response to the need to greatly improve the regulatory flexibility, theyare now voluntary (as distinct from Common Technical Regulations (CTRs) which were mandatoryand very restrictive.) ETSI has included DFS and Transmit Power Control (TPC) in theharmonised standard for HIPERLAN/2, since they are considered necessary for sharing with otherservices, MSS feederlinks and Earth Exploration Satellites, according to the CEPT regulatoryregime.

8.3.2 Standards follow the ‘new approach’ process with public enquiry and listing in the Official Journal.However as the standards are voluntary the absence of a standard cannot prevent deployment of aproduct. Manufacturers can use Notified Bodies as an alternative means of compliance.

7 Radio equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment8 See Article 4.1 of R&TTE Directive9 See Article 4.2 of R&TTE DIrective

- 27 -

8.3.3 Member states may regulate the effective use of the spectrum by means of licence conditions orpublished ‘Interface Requirements’. Such regulations apply to usage (including for examplevisitors) rather than products on the market. Regulations could include power limits in differentfrequencies or limitations on use of scarce frequencies for fixed applications.

8.3.4 Compliance with Notified Bodies requirements or use of a Harmonised Standard does notguarantee permission to use the product, which remains a matter for national licensing.

8.3.5 UK5GAG proposes that for RLAN and FWA equipment to be operated in the 5GHz band,techniques such as TPC and DFS should be employed and included in the Interface Requirementfor Bands A and B.

Recommendation 12

It is recommended that the elements within Annex V are incorporated into the InterfaceRequirements and that these are published without delay.

- 28 -

9 THE WAY FORWARD IN THE UK

9.1.1 There are currently market opportunities for the 5GHz band to be used for both private and publicapplications, using the technologies identified in this report.

9.1.2 The opening of the 5GHz band to further applications is extremely important and the end of 2001 issuggested as a target date if the early exploitation of both RLAN and limited FWA systems is to beencouraged.

9.1.3 In order to resolve the FWA possible usage in the 5GHz band, it is essential that the RAundertakes coexistence studies in conjunction with industry.

9.1.4 If the release of 5GHz frequencies is to be achieved by the end of 2001, then the following actionsare proposed:

i RA, along with CII and OFTEL, to consider and agree the recommendations within this report,

ii RA to hold a final 30 day period of public consultation on these industry recommendations,

iii RA to ensure that both European and International regulatory bodies are aware of the UKapproach in releasing this important band,

iv RA to ensure that the Interface Requirement is published by the RA within 2001, and

v RA to ensure that a revised SI is laid before Parliament as soon as possible to ensure that thetimings proposed in this report are practically effected.

9.1.5 During this period of activity the UK 5GAG members will remain available for any final consultationwith the RA.

- 29 -

ANNEX I

GLOBAL VIEW OF SPECTRUM AT 5GHz

WRC-2003

At the next WRC in 2003 there is the following agenda item which is intended to seek harmonised spectrumfor MOBILE within the 5GHz bands. The Mobile Service allocation was requested in a ECP by CEPT.JTG 4-7-8-9: WRC-2003 Agenda item 1.5

"to consider, in accordance with Resolution 736 (WRC-2000), regulatory provisions andspectrum requirements for new and additional allocations to the mobile, fixed, Earthexploration-satellite and space research services, and to review the status of theradiolocation service in the frequency range 5 150-5 725 MHz, with a view to upgrading it,taking into account the results of ITU-R studies;"

WRC 2000The Resolution 736 from WRC-2000 is as follows:

RESOLUTION 736 (WRC-2000)

Consideration by a future competent world radiocommunication conferenceof issues dealing with allocations to the mobile, fixed, radiolocation,

Earth exploration-satellite (active), and space research (active)services in the frequency range 5 150-5 725 MHz

The World Radiocommunication Conference (Istanbul, 2000),

consideringa) that there is a need to provide globally harmonized frequencies in the bands 5 150-5 350 MHz and 5470-5 725 MHz for the mobile service for wireless access systems including radio local area networks(RLANs);b) that there is a need for frequencies for fixed wireless access applications in the fixed service inRegion 3 in the band 5 250-5 350 MHz;c) that there is a need for additional spectrum for the Earth exploration-satellite service (active) andspace research service (active) in the frequency range 5 460-5 570 MHz;d) that ongoing studies in ITU-R indicate that sharing in the band 5 150-5 350 MHz between RLANsand space services is feasible under specified conditions;e) that there is a need to upgrade the status of frequency allocations to the radiolocation service in thefrequency range 5 350-5 650 MHz,

recognizinga) that sharing criteria between existing services and the proposed new allocations should be established;b) that it is important to protect the existing primary services having allocations in the frequency range 5150-5 725 MHz;

- 30 -

c) that the existing and new allocations are interdependent, particularly with respect to the relationshipbetween the terrestrial and the space services,

resolvesthat, on proposals from administrations and taking into account the results of studies in ITU-R and theConference Preparatory Meeting, WRC-03 should consider:1 allocation of frequencies to the mobile service in the bands 5 150-5 350 MHz and 5 470-5 725 MHzfor the implementation of wireless access systems including RLANs;2 a possible allocation in Region 3 to the fixed service in the band 5 250-5 350 MHz, while fullyprotecting the worldwide Earth exploration-satellite (active) and space research (active) services;3 additional primary allocations for the Earth exploration-satellite service (active) and space researchservice (active) in the frequency range 5 460-5 570 MHz;4 a review, with a view to upgrading, of the status of frequency allocations to the radiolocation servicein the frequency range 5 350-5 650 MHz,

invites ITU-Rto conduct, and complete in time for WRC-03, the appropriate studies leading to technical and operationalrecommendations to facilitate sharing between the services referred to in the resolves and existing services.

4 800-5 830 MHz

Allocation to services

Region 1 Region 2 Region 3

5 150-5 250 AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATIONFIXED-SATELLITE SERVICE (Earth-to-space) S5.447A

S5.446 S5.447 S5.447B S5.447C

5 250-5 255 EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE (active)RADIOLOCATIONSPACE RESEARCH S5.447D

S5.448 S5.448A

5 255- 5 350 EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE (active)RADIOLOCATIONSPACE RESEARCH (active)

S5.448 S5.448A

5 350-5 460 EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE (active) S5.448BAERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION S5.449Radiolocation

5 460-5 470 RADIONAVIGATION S5.449Radiolocation

5 470-5 650 MARITIME RADIONAVIGATIONRadiolocation

S5.450 S5.451 S5.452

5 650-5 725 RADIOLOCATIONAmateurSpace research (deep space)

S5.282 S5.451 S5.453 S5.454 S5.455

- 31 -

5 725-5 830

FIXED-SATELLITE(Earth-to-space)

RADIOLOCATIONAmateur

5 725-5 830

RADIOLOCATIONAmateur

S5.150 S5.451 S5.453S5.455 S5.456 S5.150 S5.453 S5.455

5 830-7 550 MHz

Allocation to services

Region 1 Region 2 Region 3

5 830-5 850

FIXED-SATELLITE(Earth-to-space)

RADIOLOCATIONAmateurAmateur-satellite (space-to-Earth)

5 830-5 850

RADIOLOCATIONAmateurAmateur-satellite (space-to-Earth)

S5.150 S5.451 S5.453 S5.455S5.456 S5.150 S5.453 S5.455

5 850-5 925

FIXEDFIXED-SATELLITE

(Earth-to-space)MOBILE

5 850-5 925


(Earth-to-space)MOBILEAmateurRadiolocation

5 850-5 925


(Earth-to-space)MOBILERadiolocation

S5.150 S5.150 S5.150

CEPT

ERC/DEC/(99)23 was accepted after a long debate and several compromises. This decision designatesthe harmonised frequency bands 5150-5350 and 5470-5725 MHz bands (455 MHz in total) forHIPERLANs in Europe. For the band 5150-5350 MHz the maximum mean EIRP is 200 mW and indoorusage shall be used. For the band 5470-5725 MHz the maximum mean EIRP is 1W and both indoor andoutdoor usage shall be possible. Furthermore, Dynamic Frequency Selection is mandatory (to provide auniform loading of the HIPERLANs across a minimum of 330 MHz or 255 MHz in the case of equipmentused only in the band 5470-5725 MHz) as well as Transmitter Power Control (to ensure a mitigationfactor of at least 3 dB uplink and downlink).

United States of America

- 32 -

In January 1997, the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) made a decision concerning UnlicensedNational Information Infrastructure (U-NII) allocation in 5GHz band. The total U-NII frequency allocationprovides 300 MHz spectrum at 5.15-5.35GHz and 5.725-5.825GHz bands for short-range, high speed,wireless communications on unlicensed basis.

Band (GHz) Power limit with up to 6 dBiantenna gain permitted

EIRP Power spectraldensity

5.15 - 5.25 50 mW 200 mW 2.5 mW/MHz5.25 - 5.35 250 mW 1 W 12.5 mW/MHz5.725 - 5.825 1 W 4 W 50 mW/MHz

The first band is to be used for short range wireless communications like communication betweencomputing devices such as computers and printers within the vicinity of a fixed network. This wouldtypically be in a room or in adjoining rooms. Restricted to only indoor operation, it would ensure that noharmful interference could be seen between U-NII devices and Mobile Satellite Service (MSS) feederlinks. Walls and ceilings would provide additional protection against interference due to attenuation effects.

The second sub band would not be restricted to indoor operations because it would not be shared withMSS. 250-mW peak transmitter output power would be sufficient for communication within and betweenbuildings like in campus area LANs.

In the third sub band, devices are already allowed to operate at 1 W peak transmitter output power withincurrent regulations. Devices operating in this sub band would provide so called community networks attypical range of 1-2 kilometers in rural areas. These devices could use high gain antennas.

The U-NII regulations also state that antennas for devices operating in the 5.15-5.25GHz band should beintegral part of the device. This ensures that power limits are not exceeded. In both latter sub bands, it isrequired to use permanently attached antenna or antenna with a unique coupling to the U-NII device.

Unlike in the European HIPERLAN allocation, FCC rules for U-NII devices do not have anychannelisation plan or modulation efficiency standard. Basic reason for this was the assumption that itwould delay implementation of the new U-NII devices. The same reason was in the mind of regulators ofFCC when the spectrum sharing mechanism was concerned. The decision of FCC was not to adopt anymechanism for spectrum sharing in the U-NII rules. U-NII devices are not allowed to interfere with anyother service in the bands.

JAPAN

In Japan, only 5150-5250 MHz band is currently allocated for RLAN use. Following RF centrefrequencies are specified: 5170, 5190, 5210, 5230MHz. Further, the transmission rate should be equal orgreater than 20 Mbit/s. The transmission power shall be less than 10mW/MHz.

To facilitate frequency sharing Japan requires that the spectrum is not monopolized by a single 5GHzsystem. Therefore, a carrier sense method is required. The effective period of the carrier sensing shall be4ms with a sense level (the electric field strength) of 100mV/m.

- 33 -

SUMMARY OF INTERNATIONAL POSITION

Region A1) 5150-5250 MHz A2) 5250-5350 MHz B) 5470-5725 MHz C) 5725-5875 MHz(ISM)

USA U-NII band FCC Part15 subpart E

U-NII band FCC Part15 subpart E

Not allowed U-NII band FCC Part15 subpart E

5725-5825 MHz

Power limit

Power limit eirp

50 mWindoor only

200 mW

250 mWindoor/outdoor

1W

1Windoor/outdoor

4W (FWA)

200W (point-to-pointwith highly directionalantennas)

Licensing Unlicensed Unlicensed Unlicensed

Coexistence/Etiquette None None None

Canada RSS-210 Issue 3

Par. 6.2.2 (q1)

RSS-210 Issue 3

Par. 6.2.2 (q1)

Not allowed RSS-210 Issue 3

Par. 6.2.2 (q1)

5725-5825 MHz

Power limit-transmitter

Power limit eirp

None stated

Indoor use only

200 mW

250 mW

1W

1W

4W (FWA)

200W (point-to-pointwith highly directionalantennas)

Licensing Unlicensed Unlicensed Unlicensed


Europe ERC Decision (99)23 ERC Decision (99)23 ERC Decision (99)23 ISM

Power limit eirp 200 mW Hiperlanindoor only

200 mW Hiperlanindoor only

1W Hiperlanindoor/outdoor

25 mW

Licensing Licence exempt Licence exempt Licence exempt Unlicensed

Coexistence/Etiquette 20 MHz channelsassignedDFS & TPCmandatory

20 MHz channelsassignedDFS & TPCmandatory

20 MHz channelsassignedDFS & TPCmandatory

-

Japan FWA not allowed Not allowed Unknown

Power limit eirp 200 mW

Licensing Unlicensed Licensed? (FWA)

Coexistence/Etiquette None

Australia SP 1/00 - May 2000

RadiocommunicationsClass Licence (LowInterference PotentialDevices) 2000

SP 1/00 - May 2000


SP 1/00 - May 2000


Power limit eirp 200 mW

indoor use only

200 mW

indoor use only

1W

Licensing Class licence Class licence Class licence


- 34 -

ANNEX II

GLOBAL HARMONISATION OF STANDARDS

ETSI BRAN

HIPERLAN/1

HIPERLAN/1 provides short-distance high-speed radio links between computers. Typically,HIPERLAN/1 is intended to be used for local, in-house and on premises networking. The standardspecifies the frequency band for the HIPERLAN/1 devices to be 5.15-5.3 GHz. Five channels areallocated for HIPERLAN/1 in Europe (note: only three channels available in France). Each carrier has afrequency band F(c)±11.7647 MHz. The raw bit rate in radio interface is 23,5294 Mbit/s and themodulation method for High Bit Rate (HBR) packets is GMSK with BT=0.3. For Low Bit Rate (LBR)packets the modulation method is FSK and the bit rate is 1,4706 Mbit/s.

The data packet begins with LBR-part that contains fields carrying address information and packet lengthinformation among other things. After the LBR-part, a synchronisation sequence is transmitted and afterthat actual data block. The ACK packet contains only the LBR-part. The physical layer performs also thesegmentation, the BCH-coding (31,26) and 16-deep interleaving.

The HIPERLAN/1 standard was published in October 1996. However, up to now there are no productson the market and industry interest is limited.

HIPERLAN/2

HIPERLAN/2 is intended to give consumers in corporate, public and home environments wireless accessto the Internet and future multimedia, as well as real time video services at speeds of up to 54 Mbit/s. Thesystem will provide interworking with several core networks including Ethernet, IEEE 1394, and ATM.

The HIPERLAN/2 PHY layer maps MAC PDUs to PHY PDUs and adds PHY signalling such as systemparameters and headers intended for RF signal synchronization. The signal modulation is based on theOrthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) with several sub-carrier modulation and forwarderror correction combinations that allow to cope with various channel configurations. The main parametershave the following values:

• FFT size: 64.

• Number of used sub-carriers: 52, where 48 sub-carriers are used for data and the rest forpilots.

• Channel Spacing: 20 MHz.

• Sampling rate: 20 Msamples/s.

• Guard interval: 800 ns default mode corresponding to 16 time samples; 400 ns as an option.

- 35 -

• Sub-carrier modulation: BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM and optionally 64QAM.

• Sub-carrier demodulation: Coherent.

• Mandatory Forward Error Correction: a rate 1/2, constraint length 7 mother convolutionalcode (9/16 and 3/4 by code puncturing).

• Supported data rates: 6, 9, 12, 18, 27, 36, 54 Mbit/s.

• Interleaving: Block interleaving with the size of one OFDM symbol.

It should be noted that that channel bandwidths of HIPERLAN/1 and HIPERLAN/2 are different andtherefore the co-existence of HIPERLAN/1 and HIPERLAN/2 remains to be solved. However,HIPERLAN/2 agreed on a common channel spacing of 20 MHz in early global harmonisation efforts of thePHY layer with MMAC and IEEE802.11a. Furthermore HIPERLAN/1 lacks DFS and TPC features andtherefore the ERC Decision 99(23) contains an exemption clause to permit HIPERLAN/1 to operatewithout these features. ETSI BRAN has specified DFS and TPC for HIPERLAN/2 since they are requiredto fulfil the CEPT ERC Decision(99)23.

BRAN HIPERMAN (previously “FWA below 11 GHz”)

Recently, a work item has been started in ETSI BRAN termed “FWA below 11 GHz” (later renamedHIPERMAN) with the task of drafting a functional requirements document for an FWA below 11 GHzstandard. This group was initiated as a response to the focus of the HIPERACCESS work item on thebands above 11 GHz. This group is currently focused solely on licensed bands, as the power restrictions inthe only available unlicensed band, the ISM band at 5.8 GHz, are far too stringent to allow this type ofsystem (except with highly directional antennas, which lead to excessive installation cost and poorcoverage, hence making that solution economically very unattractive).

IEEE 802.11

The IEEE 802 LAN/MAN Standards Committee develops Local Area Network standards andMetropolitan Area Network standards. Three working groups within IEEE802 are dealing with wireless:IEEE802.11 with wireless LAN, IEEE802.15 with wireless personal area networks (WPANs) andIEEE802.16 with broadband wireless access (also known as wireless metropolitan area networks orMANs).

Working Group IEEE802.11 has been established since 1990 and published it’s first standard in 1997 (the’Green Book’) comprising a wireless MAC protocol together with physical layer specifications for bothfrequency hopping and direct sequence spread spectrum operation in the 2.4GHz ISM band. Thisstandard went on to become an ISO standard in 1999.

Additional physical layer specifications for direct sequence at rates up to 11Mbps in the 2.4GHz band(IEEE 802.11b) and OFDM at rates up to 54Mbps at 5GHz (IEEE802.11a) were approved in 1999.Products based on IEEE 802.11b are today widely available from many vendors.

The IEEE802.11a physical layer specification was initially aimed for the 5GHz U-NII bands as describedin §3.4 above. There was considerable liaison with the ETSI BRAN committee during the development of

- 36 -

the PHY specification and as a result it is largely similar to that described for the HIPERLAN/2 physicallayer:

• Supported data rates of 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 and 54 Mbps, of which 6, 12 and 24 Mbps aremandatory, and the higher rates optional (these rates are slightly different to those specified by ETSIBRAN due to differences in coding).

• 52 sub-carriers, of which 48 are used for data and the remainder are pilot carriers

• Sub-carrier modulation is Binary or Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (BPSK/QPSK), 16-QuadratureAmplitude Modulation (16-QAM) or 64-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (64-QAM)

• Sub-carrier frequency spacing of 20MHz

• Forward error correction coding (convolutional coding) with a coding rate of ½, ? or ¾.

• Block interleaving over one OFDM symbol.

A task group (Spectrum Managed 802.11a Task Group or Task Group h) is currently considering theaddition of transmit power control (TPC) and dynamic frequency selection (DFS) protocols toIEEE802.11/802.11a.

It is intended that the IEEE802.11a PHY be used with the CSMA/CA based MAC protocol specified inthe published standard. However, recognising the need for improved handling of multimedia data,IEEE802.11 has work in progress to extend this MAC protocol to include QoS support and securityenhancements. This work is being undertaken in a Task Group known as TGe.

WirelessHUMAN

In addition to 802.11, the Fixed Wireless Access group 802.16 has initiated a standardisation task group(802.16.4) named WirelessHUMAN for the unlicensed bands below 11 GHz, which focusespredominantly on the 5GHz (UNII) band.

The focus of this group has so far been to examine PMP and mesh type FWA topologies with a PHYderived from the 802.11a and HIPERLAN Type 2 standards and mandatory elements such as TPC andDFS enabling co-existence with HIPERLAN Type 2 and 802.11a.

The motivation for starting this group was that the lack of competition in the licensed bands below 11 GHz(the only spectrum allowing technical solutions that provide a viable business case for wireless residentialaccess). The assumption being that the availability of systems for the unlicensed bands would boostcompetition among service providers as well as equipment vendors, hence leading to higher performanceservices at lower cost to the consumer. 802.16 are hoping to complete a standard for approval by March2002.

ETSI BRAN has so far refused to allow any work items on FWA standards that will use the samespectrum identified for HIPERLAN Type 2 in ERC decision (99) 23. There is however the HIPERMANgroup in ETSI BRAN working on FWA standards for 2 – 11 GHz. This group is primarily focused on the3.4 – 4.2 GHz Band.

Multimedia Mobile Access Communication (MMAC)

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MMAC10 aims at mobile communication systems which can transmit ultra high speed, high qualitymultimedia information ‘anytime and anywhere’ with seamless connections to optical fibre networks.MMAC (Multimedia Mobile Access Communication) was started in 1996 in Japan with the objective topropose high performance wireless systems. The target is to create ARIB standards based on theproposed systems.

MMAC is divided into several technical committees. Three of the technical committees are developingsystems for the 5GHz band: High Speed Wireless Access committee, 5GHz Band Mobile Accesscommittee and Wireless Home-Link committee. Briefly, High Speed Access Committee is working on aHIPERLAN/2 like systems, 5GHz band Mobile Access committee is working on 802.11 like systems andWireless Home-Link committee is working on Wireless IEEE 1394.

10 http://www.arib.or.jp/mmac/e/what.htm

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ANNEX III

EUROPEAN RADIOCOMMUNICATIONS COMMITTEE

ERC Decisionof 29 November 1999

on the harmonised frequency bandsto be designated for the introduction of

High Performance Radio Local Area Networks(HIPERLANs)

(ERC/DEC/(99)23)

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EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM

1. INTRODUCTION

HIPERLANs (High Performance Radio Local Area Networks) are radio based local area networking(RLAN) solutions, intended for connectivity between traditional business products such as PCs, laptops,workstations, servers, printers and other networking equipment as well as digital consumer electronicequipment in the wireless home network environment. HIPERLANs thus enable the replacement ofphysical cables for the connection of data networks within a building, providing a more flexible and,possibly, a more economic approach to the installation, reconfiguration and use of such networks withinthe business and industrial environments.

Existing RLANs and other wide band data transmission systems are already operating in the ISMfrequency bands. In order to ensure high reliability and high data transfer rates HIPERLANs, however,require a predictable sharing environment. The ISM bands are, therefore, not suitable to meet therequirement of HIPERLANs and other frequency bands have been identified for these kinds of services.

In 1996, the ERC adopted ERC/DEC/(96)03, ”on the harmonised frequency band to be designated for theintroduction of High Performance Radio Local Area Networks (HIPERLANs)”. This Decisionharmonised the use of the band 5150-5250 MHz for HIPERLANs.

In 1998, at the request of ETSI, the ERC recognised the need to take into account spectrum requirementsfor new multimedia applications of HIPERLANs and so initiated compatibility studies leading to therevision of ERC/DEC/(96)03. This new Decision designates several frequency bands in the 5GHz rangeand stipulates specific conditions to be applied to HIPERLANs operating in the range.

2. BACKGROUND

The European Radiocommunications Committee (ERC), in co-operation with ETSI and after furtheranalysis and spectrum engineering studies, identified suitable spectrum in the 5GHz and the 17 GHzfrequency ranges to meet the requirements of HIPERLANs. Based on this the ERC approved CEPTRecommendation T/R 22-06 in 1992. The Recommendation was revised in the beginning of 1994, basedon a request from ETSI. The restriction with regard to integral antennas was removed, thus allowing bothintegral and external antennas to be used.

The Detailed Spectrum Investigation Phase I (DSI I) completed in 1994, identified HIPERLANs as themajor utilisation in the 5150-5250 MHz band and in the 5250-5300 MHz band on a national basis. TheERC decision ERC/DEC(96)03 was adopted in 1996 and designated the band 5150-5250 MHz forHIPERLANs. Furthermore ERC Recommendation CEPT/ERC/REC 70-03 on short range devicesrecommended the use of the bands 5150-5250 MHz, 5250-5300 MHz (on a national basis) and 17.1-17.3GHz for HIPERLANs.

The ETSI standards ETS 300 652 and ETS 300 836 for HIPERLANs Type 1 in the 5GHz band havebeen adopted. An ETSI standard for HIPERLANs in the 17 GHz frequency range has not yet beeninitiated.

In the meantime, WRC 95 allocated the band 5150-5250 MHz to the Fixed-Satellite Service (FSS) on aprimary basis for use by feeder links of Non-Geostationary-Satellite systems in the Mobile SatelliteService (NGSO MSS). This band has also been allocated via footnote S5.447 of the Radio Regulations tothe mobile service on a co-primary basis in a number of countries, mainly CEPT members, subject toagreement under S9.21.

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Detailed compatibility studies (Results of the studies are summarised in ERC Report 67) betweenHIPERLANs (Type 1 and Type 2) and MSS feeder links have shown that the sharing is feasible withsome restrictions on HIPERLANs (i.e. indoor use, mean EIRP limited to 200 mW). Those restrictionswould have to be taken into account in the development of ETSI Standards for HIPERLAN Type 2 aswell as in the revision of ETSI Standards for HIPERLAN Type 1.

In the ERC Report 72 the need for additional frequency spectrum for indoor and partly for outdoor use ofHIPERLANs in the order of 330 MHz is recognised and in order to identify additional spectrum forHIPERLANs in the range 5250 – 5875 MHz compatibility studies were conducted with existing services(Results of the studies are summarised in ERC Report 72).

As a result of these sharing studies and spectrum investigations, the following bands were identified foruse by HIPERLANs under prescribed conditions:

- 5250-5350 MHz (indoor use, mean11 EIRP limited to 200 mW, use of Dynamic Frequency Selectionand of transmitter power control);

- 5470-5725 MHz (mean1 EIRP limited to 1W, outdoor and indoor use allowed, use of DynamicFrequency Selection and of transmitter power control).

It was also recognised that HIPERLAN equipment must be capable of avoiding occupied channels byemploying a Dynamic Frequency Selection mechanism and ensuring a uniform spreading of the devicesover all the available channels for HIPERLANs. In addition a transmitter power control process capableof ensuring a mitigation factor of at least 3 dB is also required. These constraints do not apply to thealready standardised HIPERLANs Type 1 in the band 5150 – 5250 MHz.

By their nature, HIPERLANs will certainly move across borders. Moreover, the European industry mustbe in a position to market its products anywhere else in the world, and especially in major markets such asthe USA and Japan. Therefore, a worldwide harmonisation must be envisaged. Such harmonisationshould be supported by the provision of allocations of an appropriate regulatory status in the RadioRegulations to be considered at a future WRC.

The long term market potential for HIPERLANs is not yet known but if the growth is substantial therecould be a conflict with NGSO MSS feeder links using the same spectrum. Therefore a review processis required to review this Decision in the light of market developments.

Due to the reduction of the available band for FSS feeder links to NGSO MSS after 2010, from 5091-5250 MHz to 5150-5250 MHz, a future WRC should also consider the requirements for FSS frequencyallocations beyond 2010, in the light of market developments of the MSS, HIPERLANs and otherservices in this band.

REQUIREMENT FOR AN ERC DECISION

The allocation or designation of a frequency band for its use by a service or a system under specifiedconditions in CEPT member countries is laid down by law, regulation or administrative action. The ERCrecognises that for HIPERLANs to be introduced successfully throughout Europe, manufacturers andoperators must be encouraged to make the necessary investments in this pan-Europeanradiocommunication system and service. The ERC, therefore, believes it will be necessary to designatefrequency bands for HIPERLANs under specified conditions. A commitment by CEPT member

11 The mean EIRP refers here to the EIRP averaged over the transmission burst at the highest power control setting.

- 41 -

countries to implement an ERC Decision will depend on a clear indication that the required frequencybands will be made available on time and on a European-wide basis.

The ERC Rules of Procedure state that if an ERC Decision is amended, it must be replaced and theold Decision abrogated. Therefore this Decision dictates abrogation of ERC/DEC/(96)03.

UK 5GHz Advisory Group Doc. 5GAG xx/00

17 January 2001

ERC Decisionof 29 November 1999

on the harmonised frequency bands to be designated for the introduction ofHigh Performance Radio Local Area Networks (HIPERLANs)

(ERC/DEC/(99)23)

The European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations,

considering:

a) that the use of stationary as well as portable computer equipment, computer terminals andperipheral equipment by the business and industrial community, and the penetration of networkenabled digital consumer electronic equipment is rapidly increasing;

b) that there is an increasing requirement to exchange information between such equipment through

Local Area Networks (LANs); c) that existing LANs consist of equipment interconnected by cable resulting in a rigid hardware

structure; d) that LANs using radio (RLANs) enable a more flexible approach to the installation, reconfiguration

and use of such networks, thus minimising the costs of cable and rewiring required to handlechanges to and updates of the network;

e) that there is a need to provide harmonised spectrum which enables the rapid deployment of High

Performance RLANs; f) that ETSI has developed standards for High Performance Radio Local Area Networks Type 1

(HIPERLANs Type 1), (EN 300 652 and ETS 300-836-1); g) that ETSI is developing standards for High Performance Radio Local Area Networks Type 2

which is intended to broaden the applications of HIPERLANs, including broadband access topublic networks;

h) that frequency management parameters, which include channel bandwidth and power limits of any

emissions outside the designated frequency bands, shall be decided by ERC in consultation withETSI;

i) that the frequency band 5000-5250 MHz is allocated to the Aeronautical Radionavigation Service

to be used for the Microwave Landing System (MLS) but there are no international plans for useof the frequency band 5150-5250 MHz by the aeronautical community;

j) that, with effect from 1 January 1997, WRC-95 allocated the frequency band 5150-5250 MHz to the Fixed

Satellite Service (Earth-to-Space) for Mobile-Satellite feeder links, on a co-primary basis with the AeronauticalRadionavigation Service. The band 5091-5150 MHz was similarly allocated on a temporary basis until 2010,

subject to conditions designed to protect the International Standard Microwave Landing System which hasprecedence in the band 5000-5150 MHz;

k) that the band 5150-5250 MHz is also allocated via footnote S5.447 of the Radio Regulations to the Mobile

Service on a co-primary basis in a number of countries, mainly CEPT member countries, subject to agreementunder S9.21;

l) that a future WRC will have to reconsider the long term requirements (beyond 2010) for Fixed Satellite Service

(Earth-to-Space) for Mobile-Satellite feeder links and for the Mobile Service in the light of marketdevelopments of FSS for MSS feeder links and HIPERLANs;

m) that compatibility studies and spectrum investigations have shown that sharing between HIPERLANs and

MSS feeder links in the band 5150-5250 MHz is feasible under certain conditions; n) that in many countries there is an essential military need for the operation of land, airborne and maritime

radars in the bands between 5250 and 5850 MHz. In those countries priority is given to military radars andtherefore protection from interference cannot be requested by HIPERLANs;

o) that additional frequency spectrum for HIPERLANs is required in bands above 5250 MHz in order to

accommodate the increased spectrum requirements for HIPERLANs;

o) that the availability of additional spectrum for HIPERLANs enables a random choice of available channels toprovide a spread of the channel loading over the designated spectrum, thus reducing the interferencepotential in the individual bands;

p) that compatibility studies and spectrum investigations have shown that sharing between HIPERLANs and all

existing services is possible and practicable in the bands 5250 – 5350 MHz and 5470 – 5725 MHz underconditions specified in ERC Reports 71 and 67,

noting:

a) that the implementation of transmitter power control in up- and downlink will significantly reduce theinterference effect caused by HIPERLANs to ensure a mitigation factor of at least 3 dB on theaverage output power of the devices under the coverage area of a satellite;

b) that HIPERLAN equipment will employ a Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) mechanism to

detect interference from other systems and therefore is able to avoid co-channel operation withother systems, notably radar systems;

c) that this DFS mechanism as described in noting b) will also be required to provide a spread of the

loading across a minimum of 14 channels (or 330 MHz) to further facilitate sharing with satelliteservices;

d) that frequency sharing based on active avoidance of co-channel operation requires an adequate

amount of spectrum for HIPERLANs; e) that the frequency designations and operational conditions for HIPERLANs in the 5GHz range will

have to be reviewed in the long term in the light of market evolution; f) that a world wide frequency harmonisation for HIPERLANs will be beneficial and should therefore

be supported through an appropriate regulatory status in the Radio Regulation;

DECIDES

1. that for the purpose of this Decision High Performance Radio Local Area Networks(HIPERLANs Types 1 and 2) shall mean equipment complying with the relevant EuropeanTelecommunications Standards;

2. to designate the frequency bands 5150-5350 MHz and 5470–5725 MHz for the use of

HIPERLANs; 3. that the use of HIPERLANs in the band 5150-5350 MHz shall be restricted to indoor use with a

maximum mean EIRP1 of 200 mW; 4. that the indoor and outdoor use of HIPERLANs in the band 5470-5725 MHz shall be restricted to

a maximum mean EIRP1 of 1 W; 5. that, in addition to the conditions described in decides 3 and 4 and also noting decides 6 below, the

use of HIPERLANs shall only be allowed when the following mandatory features are realised: a)transmitter power control to ensure a mitigation factor of at least 3 dB; b) Dynamic FrequencySelection associated with the channel selection mechanism required to provide a uniform spread ofthe loading of the HIPERLANs across a minimum of 330 MHz, or 255 MHz in the case ofequipment used only in the band 5470 – 5725 MHz.;

6. that the features a) and b) described in decides 5 shall not be mandatory for HIPERLAN Type 1

equipment operated in the band 5150 - 5250 MHz. These exceptions should be reviewed in thelight of market development of HIPERLANs;

7. that the ERC will review this Decision within 2 years of the date of entry into force or earlier if

necessary in the light of market development of HIPERLANs; 8. that this Decision shall enter into force on 31 January 2000. 9. that CEPT Member Administrations shall communicate the national measures implementing this

Decision to the ERC chairman and the ERO when the Decision is nationally implemented.

Note:Please check the ERO web site ( www.ero.dk ) under “Documentation / Implementation” for the up to dateposition on the implementation of this and other ERC Decisions.

ANNEX IV

REVIEW OF RECOMMENDATION 70-03 ANNEX 3

This Recommendation covers the 5GHz bands in the following two areas:

Firstly, the bands 5150-5350 MHz and 5470-5725 MHz are covered in Annex 3 (Local Areanetworks, RLANs and HIPERLANs). The permitted power follows the ERC Decision; the antennaneeds to be dedicated (type approved with the equipment); no channel spacing is specified;unlicensed use is permitted; conformity assessment is by mutual recognition and, for those countrieswhich have implemented the R&TTE Directive, the relevant Articles apply.

Secondly, the band 5725-5875 MHz is covered in Annex 1 (Non-specific Short Range Devices).This allows up to 25 mW using either integral or dedicated antennas. No channel spacing isspecified; unlicensed use is permitted; conformity assessment is by mutual recognition and, for thosecountries which have implemented the R&TTE Directive, the relevant Articles apply."

Note the following points:

• Annex IV refers to ISM systems when HIPERLANs are not ISM nor is most of the spectrumthey occupy.

• The Recommendation (and the Decision) do not specify a raster and free circulation is likely toresult in devices entering the UK which does not align with our channel plan.

• Directional antennas would have to be approved with the equipment to ensure that EIRP levelswere not breached. The exception to this would be by using directional antennas on the receiveside only but I do not know if this would be an economically viable proposition.

ANNEX V

INTERFACE REQUIREMENTS FOR LAN EQUIPMENT OPERATING AT 5GHZ

The following elements should be contained:

Minimum equipment requirements:

• Operating in the Band A, Band B the channels used shall be as given in the table below witha nominal maximum bandwidth of 20MHz.

• The equipment must employ Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) over atleast 330 MHz if Band A and B are used and 255 MHz if only Band B is used. The equipmentmust also employ Transmitter Power Control (TPC) such that on average power is reduced by 3dB, as defined in ERC Decision (99)23.

• Maximum mean EIRP during burst of 200 mW EIRP for Band A. The maximumpower density shall be 10mW/MHz.

• Maximum mean EIRP during burst of 1 W EIRP for Band B. The maximum power densityshall be 50mW/MHz.

• Band B equipment may be used indoors and outdoors, whereas Band A is for use indoorsonly. User instructions and marketing must indicate this.

• Within the band equipment will comply with the following spectrum mask of relativespectral density:

frequency offset [MHz]

dBc0 dBc

-20 dBc-28 dBc

- 40 dBc

09 11 20 30-9-11-20-30

Channel Centre Frequencies(allowing for necessary guard

bands) MHz5180520052205240526052805300532055005520554055605580560056205640566056805700

ANNEX VI

UK 5GHz ADVISORY GROUP TERMS OF REFERENCE

To produce recommendations to the Radiocommunications Agency which will,

‘Set the regulatory framework to ensure early access to the 5GHz sub-bands,maximising the optimal usage of the available spectrum and ensuring harmonisationwith both European and International regulations. The framework will alsorecommend where necessary the appropriate standards to which equipment will berequired to conform’.

ANNEX VII

UK 5GHz ADVISORY GROUP MEMBERSHIP

Ian ClarkeKevin KahnMoya CranstonePaul ThomsonTeik_ Kheong_ Tan 3ComBen Freeman Adaptive BroadbandDr Demos Kostas Adaptive BroadbandJacob J Schanker Adaptive BroadbandMalcolm Sellars Adaptive BroadbandMichael Yang Adaptive BroadbandPeter Simpson Adaptive BroadbandRaja Nasreldine Adaptive BroadbandRudiger Meisenburg Adaptive BroadbandPaul Hansell Aegis Systems LtdBen Laurie AlgroupGeorge Minassian AMDMichael Barclay AMDCarl Temme Atheros CommunicationsGreg Chesson Atheros CommunicationsJames Nutting Band-XRob Mortimer BreezeComPhil Smith British Sky Broadcasting LtdBruno Nigeon BTTim Hewitt BTAndy Sago BT exaCTJohnny Dixon BT Group TechnologyDr Will Dobbie BT Internet & Multimedia ApplicationsTom King Cable & WirelessTingleff Jens Cambridge silicon radioPeter Karlsson Chairman Regulatory WG, HiperLAN2 Global ForumPeter Kiddle Chairman of Advisory GroupRichard Kennedy COMPAQJohn Waterhouse CRLJoseph Hall Dixons Group plcPeter Gibson DMC WAREDr A K Brown EasatClaes Eriksson EBC EricssonRobert Allan ERA TechnologyJohn H MacPherson EricssonSimon Wilson FEISteve Foster FEIPaul Francis Francis Walker & CoPhillip J Davies Gain TechnologyKazuo Hara ICO Global Communications

Kumar Singarajah ICO Global CommunicationsTony Azzarelli ICO Global CommunicationsJens-Henrik Jeppesen Intel Corporation (UK) LtdDavid Thorpe Internet Central LtdMark Simcoe Internet Central LtdColin Faulkner Intersia Corp.Ned Neve Jubilee Sailing TrustLydia Whyat Kennet CapitalStephen Cranstone Link Microtek LtdJonathan Burg Logica UK Telecom SolutionsBryan Hall Lucent TechnologiesVic Hayes Lucent TechnologiesJulian Priest Medium RareAli Tabassi Mobile Star NetworkAdam Ruef MobilestarDick Snyder MobileStar NetworkDavid Baddley MotorolaTim Cull MotorolaDon Pearce Netcom Consultants (UK) LtdVal Jervis Netcom Consultants (UK) LtdUwe Nitsche No Wire Zone Ltd.Simon Black NokiaMarkku Niemi NokiaStuart Cooke Nokia UK LtdDave James Nortel NetworksMirim Ogurcak Nortel NetworksDavid McKone Norweb TelcomRoberto Ercole Office of TelecommunicationsChris Hibbert ONDigitalONdigitalMartin Pottage OndigitalONdigitalMeirion Hughes OnDigtialONdigtialMike Relph One2oneIain Stanbridge OrangeJane Cooper OrangeGraham Johnson Pace Micro Technology plcDave Evans PhilipsNick Shepherd PhilipsStuart Kerry PhilipsAntonio Rhodes Probot Communications LtdMike Low Radiocommunications AgencyStephen Bond Radiocommunications AgencyNigel Gunn Radiocommunications AgencyAnnette Henley Radiocommunications AgencyAndy Gowan Radiocommunications AgencyJurgen Meyer SeimensGraham Melville SJ SymbolReuben Harris Snow ValleyChris Walden Sony European Technical Standards OfficeDr Hosein Asjadi Sony Semiconductor & Devices Europe

Hosein Asjadi Sony Semiconductor & Devices EuropeAlan Parrish Symbol TechnologiesEd Moore The Carphone WarehouseProfessor Stephen K Barton The University of ManchesterTrevor Gill VodafoneAdrian Stephens Wireless & Multimedia Design GroupColin McKee ZipCom Plc

ANNEX VIII

TERMINOLOGY

CCL Cordless Class Licence

CII Communications Information Industries

CT2 Second Generation Cordless Telephone

DECT Digitally Enhanced Cordless Technology

DFS Dynamic Frequency Selection

DTI Department of Trade and Industry

EESS Earth Exploration-Satellite Service

EIRP Effective Isotropic Radiated Power

ENG Electronic News Gathering

FWA Fixed Wireless Access

ISM Industrial, Scientific and Medical

ISP Internet Service Provider

MSS Mobile Satellite Service

NGSO Non-Geostationary Satellite Orbit

OB Outside Broadcast

OFTEL Office of Telecommunication

PACT Public Access Cordless Telephony

pfd Power flux density

RA Radiocommunications Agency

RLAN Radio Local Area Network

SMAG Spectrum Management Advisory Group

SRD Short Range Devices

T Act Telecommunications Act

TPC Transmitter Power Control

TSL Telecommunication Services Licence

UK 5GAG UK 5GHz Advisory Group

WT Act Wireless Telegraphy Act

Recommendations on the Licensing of the 5GHz (5150-5350, 5470-5725, 5725-5875 MHz) frequency bands A...

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