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Suren Nathan AMP

Mortgage Broker

License# M08004479

Dir. 416-436-1111Office. 416-548-7475 Fax: 416-548-7496

suren@bonafidemortgage.ca, 7 Eastvale Drive,Unit 203, Markham, ON, L3S 4N8

Brokerage Lic# 10216

AEREN Thiyagarajah BEng

Realtoraeren.realtor@gmail.com

Dir: 647-888 3500

DILEEP ThangavelRealtor

dileep.realtor@gmail.com

Dir: 416-666 2300

HomeLife/ Future Realty Inc., BrokerageIndependently Owned And Operated

205 - 7 Eastvale Drive, Markham, ON L3S 4N8

BUS: 905 201 9977 | FAX: 905 201 9229

Kuna NagalingamSales Representative

Sujatha Kunasegar Sales Representative

416.402.4545

HomeLife Today Realty Ltd.,Brokerage*

31 Progress Ave., Suite 210, Toronto, ON, M1P 4S6

Bus: 416-298-3200, Fax: 416-298-3440,E-mail: kuna@kunahomes.ca

*Independently Owned and Operated.

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AhilanThanabalasingham

Sales Representative

416.617.1767Office: 905.471.0002

RE/MAX Royal Properties Realty Ltd.,Brokerage

7595 Markham Road, Unit 19 Markham, ON L3S 0B6

Tel: 416-332-2989Email: info@ramanhomecomfort.com

Raman ChelliahSales Person

647-893-4414Scarborough : C105-6055 Steeles Ave. East, Scarborough, ON M1X0A7

RAMAN HOME COMFORT INCH E A T I N G

Quality Products, Certified Technicians, Reliable Service & Reasonable Prices®\¬Ì¶VÔ kV∫zDº√Vm Œ[´VˆºBV ∂´∑ kw∫zD n© ÿ√uƬÿÔV^·ÈVD

SAVE $2000 WHENPURCHASING A NEWHIGH-EFFICIENCY FURNACE

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Dr. Rajkumar ArulthasanForestbrook Pet Hospital

3-1105 Finch Ave, Pickering, ON L1V 1J7

Phone: 905-831-1118Fax: 905-831-4119

info@forestbrookpethospital.com

www.forestbrookpethospital.com

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Maliny Bridal H 416 497 0052 | C 416 670 6942malinyb@hotmail.com

Specialized in saree pleatingProfessional makeup expert with 25 years

www.noolaham.org

jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 3 -

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jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 5 -

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(2010 - 2019)

- 6 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

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jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 7 -

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pushpa.k@thaiveedu.com

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“

”

- 8 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

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E rhd;W gfHfpd;wJ.

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njhlu;jy; 9k; gf;fk;

jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 9 -

rl;lk; nghUe;Jk;.

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njhlu;jy; 9k; gf;fk;

- 10 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

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myJ tpw;gidj; jilNah ,lg;

gl;Ls;s XH Mjdj;ij ,d;ndh

UtUf;F tpw;gJ vd;gJ Fw;wkhFk;.

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jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 11 -

- 12 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

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Mrdj;jp epiy nfhs;s:,e;j Mrdj;jp epiynfhs;s ehk;

ftdpf;f Ntz;ba Kf;fpakhd tpl

aq;fs; gpd;tUkhW:

n xt;nthU cs; %r;rpd; nghOJk;>

cliyAk; kdijAk; rkepiyahf

itj;jpUg;gjpYk;> epiyahf itj;

jpUg;gjpYk; ftdj;ijr; nrYj;j

Tk;. %r;ir ntsptpLk; nghOJ

KJif Nk Nehf;fp ePl;b> clk;ig

,yFthf czuTk;.

n epyj;jp ,Uf;Fk; fh ngUtpuiy

ed;whf epyj;jp mOj;jp itj;jp

Ug;gjd; %yk;> Mrdj;jpypUe;J

epiy FiyahJ ,Ug;gjw;F cj

Tfpd;wJ.

xw;iwf;fhyp epw;Fk; nghOJ ,Lg;ig

xUgf;fkhf itj;jpUf;ff;$lhJ. nghJ

thf ve;j fhiy epyj;jpNy mOj;jp

itj;jpUf;fpNwhNkh mg;gf;fj;Jf;F

,Lg;G js;sg;gLk;. ,ijj; jtpHj;J

,Lg;igAk; KJifAk; Neuhf itj;

jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

epyj;jp mOj;jp itj;jpUf;Fk; fhiy

Neuhf itj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;> mjhtJ

gf;fthl;b jpUg;gp itj;jpUf;ff;$

lhJ. mt;thW nra;Ak;nghOJ %l;L

kw;Wk; ,Lg;Gg; gFjpapd; Neuhd

xUq;fpizg;ig Ngz cjTfpd;wJ.

Mrdj;ij tpl;L ntsp tUk; Kiw:kbj;J itj;jpUf;Fk; ,lJgf;f Koq;

fhiy fPNo ,wf;fp epyj;jp itf;f

Tk;. gpd;> ,U iffisAk; clypd;

,U gf;fKk; nfhz;Lte;J> jiyia

MWjgLj;jp> cliyAk; jsHj;jp -

MWjgLj;jp ,aghf epw;Fk;

epiyf;F tuyhk;.

%r;rpd; jd;ik:Mrd epiyf;F nrYk; nghOJ>

%r;ir cs;Ns ,Oj;jthW nrd;W>

gpd; ,e;j Mrdj;jp epiy nfhs;Sk;

nghOJ %r;rpd; jd;ik MWjyhf

Tk; ,aghfTk; %r;ir cs;spOj;J

ntsptpl Ntz;Lk;. Mrdj;ij tpl;L

ntsptUk; epiyap iffs; fhfis

,aGepiyf;F nfhz;L tUk;ngh

OJ %r;ir ntspNa tpl;L tUtjp

ftdj;ijr; nrYj;jTk;.

Mrdj;jp cWjpahf epiy nfhs;t

jw;F %r;ir Ie;J tpdhbfs; cs;Ns

vLj;Jk;> Ie;J tpdhbfs; %r;ir

epWj;Jk; gbAk;> Ie;J tpdhbfs; %r;R

ntspNa tpLk; gbAk; khw;wpkhw;wp

rPuhd mstp itj;jpUg;gjd; %yk;

gapw;rpap epiy nfhs;syhk;.

khw;W Mrdk;:,e;j Mrdj;jpd; khw;W Mrdkhf

ehk; xU gf;fkhf Mrdj;ij nra;J

Kbj;jgpd; ,e;jg; gf;fkhf Mrdj;ij

vg;gb nra;NjhNkh mNj gbKiw

ap kWgf;fkhfTk; nra;a Ntz;Lk;.

mjhtJ ,lJ fhiy epyj;jpNy

mOj;jp> tyJ ghjj;ij ,lJ fh

cs;njhilapd; Nk itj;J> iffis

neQ;Rf;F Kd;dh Fk;gpl;L %r;ir

cs;Ns ,Oj;jgb iffis NkNy

Jf;fTk;. ,e;epiyap ftdj;ij

xU epiyg;gLj;jp Mrdj;jp epiy

nfhs;sTk;. ,t;thW nra;tNj ,e;j

Mrdj;jpw;F khw;W Mrdk; MFk;.

xw;iwf;fhyp epw;w- ghJrh Mde;jeluhrh -Nah

njhlu;jy; 13k; gf;fk;

jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 13 -

gapw;rpapd; fhy msT:

Muk;gepiy gapw;rpahsHfs; 30 tpdh

bfs; tiuAk; gb Kiwap nra;g

tHfs;> 3 epkplq;fs; tiuAk; mjpf

upf;fyhk;. fhy msit nghWj;jt

iuap gapw;rpahsHfspd; ftdf;F

tpg;gpw;F Vw;wthW fhy msTk; ,Uf;

Fk;. ePz;l ehs; gapw;rpahsHfs; ,e;j

Mrdj;jp kdij xU epiyg;gLj;jp

ePz;l Neuk; epiy nfhs;s KbAk;.

vspikg;gLj;jg;gl;l gapw;rpfs;:NkNy Jf;Fk; fh ghjj;ij njhilg;

gFjpap itj;jpUf;f fbdkhf czH

gtHfs;> Jf;fp ,Uf;Fk; fhiy rpwpJ

fPNo ,wf;fp Koq;fhfSf;F fPo;

itj;J Mrdj;jp epiynfhs;syhk;.

fhiy NkNy Jf;fp Mrdj;jpw;Fs;

nry ,ayhjtHfs;> Kd; ghjj;ij

epyj;jp mOj;jp Fjpfhiy NkNy

caHj;jp fZf;fhYf;F Nk itj;

Jf;nfhz;L> Koq;fhiy gf;fthl;b

itj;Jf;nfhs;syhk;.

nghJthd jtWfs;:n xw;iwf;fhyp epw;Fk; nghOJ

,Lg;ig xUgf;fkhf itj;jpUf;

ff;$lhJ.

n NkNy Jf;fp itj;Js;s ghjj;ij

ePl;b epyj;jp mOj;jp itj;jpUf;Fk;

fh Koq;fhfSf;F NkNyNah

gf;fthl;bNyNah itf;ff;$lhJ.

n Jf;fp ,Uf;Fk; fh ghjj;ij

Koq;fhYf;F Nk itj;jpUf;ff;

$lhJ.

n Koq;fhiy kbj;J itj;jpUf;fNth

gf;fthl;b jpUg;gNth $lhJ.

n cs;sq;iffis vjpnujpuhf itf;

ff;$lhJ.

n jiyf;F Nkyhf iffs; ePl;lg;gl;L

,Uf;Fk; nghOJ Koq;iffis

kbf;ff;$lhJ.

n jiyia NkNy caHj;jNth> fPo;

Nehf;fp njhq;ftpl;lgb ,Uf;ff;

$lhJ.

n kd vz;zq;fis rpjwtplf; $lhJ

n Njhs; gFjpia Nfhzyhf itj;jp

Uf;ff;$lhJ

Mrdj;jpd; gad;fs;:n cl ,af;fj;Jf;F Njitahd

jirfs; midj;Jk; ,Oj;J ePl;lg;

gl;L tisf;fg;gLtjd; %yk; vYk;

Gfs;> %l;Lf;fs;> euk;Gfs; ,tw;

wpd; nraghLfs; Jz;lg;gLfpd;

wd.

n iffs; NkNy ed;F ,Oj;J ePl;

lg;gl;L ,Uf;Fk; epiyap neQ;R

gFjp Nkw;gf;fkhf ,Of;fg;gl;L

fhw;wpid cs;s vLg;gjw;Fk;

ntspNa tpLtjw;Fkhd tpyh vYk;G

$l;Lj; jirfspd; nraghL mjp-

fupj;J ePz;l %r;ir vLj;J tpL

tij ,yFthf;FtJld; ,jag;

gFjp ,af;fKk; Jz;lg;gLfpwJ.

clypd; Nkw;gFjpf;F ,uj;j Xl;l

Kk; mjpfupf;fpwJ.

n KJFg; gFjp ,Lg;Gg; gFjp jir

fs; ,Oj;J ePl;lk; ngWtjdh

mstpw;F mjpfkhd czHr;rp trg;

gLk; epiyiaAk; NrhHT epiyia

Ak; Nghf;Ftjw;F ,t;thrdk; cj

TfpwJ.

n Njhs;gl;il jirfshdJ Njhs;

gl;il vYk;Gfsp Muk;gpj;J Nk

if vYk;gp KbfpwJ. ,jdh

iffis NkNy Jf;FtJ ,yF

thf;fg;gLfpwJ.

n njhilg; gf;f jirfs; Koq;fh

fis epWj;jTk; klf;fTk; njhil-

fis cs;Gwkhf jpUg;gTk; cjT

fpwJ. fh jirfs;> fh tpuf

spd; %l;Lf;fis klf;fTk; ghjq;

fis caHj;jTk; fZf;fhfis

mirf;fTk; nra;fpd;wd.

n neQ;R gFjpAk; tapw;Wg; gFjpAk;

NkNehf;fp ePl;b ,Of;fg;gLtj

dh nrupkhdj;jd;ik mjpfupf;fp

wJ Rthrpf;Fk; epiy mjpfupg;g

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n jirfs; ahTk; vYk;G %l;LfNshL

,izf;fg;gl;L ,Ug;gjdh ,t;

thrdk; iffis NkNy ed;F ePl;

bAk; Koq;fhfis kbj;J

njhilg;gFjpia ntspg;Gwkhf

ePl;bAk; nragLj;jg; gLtjdh

vYk;Gfs;> %l;Lf;fs; ,tw;wpd;

nraghLfs; ,yFthfTk; nefpo;

thfTk; ,aq;f ,g;gapw;rp cjT

fpd;wJ.

n ,Lg;Gg;gFjp gyk; ngWtNjhL

,Lg;igr; Rw;wpAs;s cl cWg;

Gf;fs; gyk; ngWfpd;wd.

n cl KOtJk; ,uj;j Xl;lk; rPuhf;

fg;gLfpwJ. epkpHe;J epd;W ,t;th

rdj;ij nra;tjdh> KJnfYk;G

typik ngWfpd;wJ.

n xw;iwf;fhyp epw;w fhfspd;

cWjpj; jd;ikiaAk; fhfspd;

rkepiy jd;ikiaAk; mjpfupf;fpd;

wJ.

n clk;G kw;Wk; kdjpd; epiyj;jd;

ikia mjpfupf;fTk;> mikjpg;g

Lj;jTk; ,e;j Mrdk; cjTfpd;wJ.

n ,e;j Mrdj;ij nra;tjh Kf;fp

akhf kdij xU epiyg;gLj;Jk;

jd;ik mjpfupf;fpd;wJ> vdNt

xUepiyg;gLj;Jk; gapw;rpahdJ

Gyd;fis mlf;fpNa milag;gL

tjhFk;. vdNt ,g;gapw;rpahdJ

vkJ Gyd;fis mlf;Ftjw;F xU

rpwe;j gapw;rpahFk;.

n kdij xUepiyg;gLj;JtJ mLj;j

epiyfsp jpahdj;jp ek;ik ,l;

Lr;nrYk;. vdNt> ,g;gapw;rp ghHg;

gjw;F vspikahf ,Ue;jhYk; kd

jstp vk;ik Mo;epiy gapw;rpf

Sf;F nfhz;L nryf;$ba t

yjhf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.

n ,e;j Mrdj;ijr; nra;Ak; nghOJ

KJF kw;Wk; neQ;Rf;$L Nk

Nehf;fp ,Of;fg;ngWtjh vk;K

ila clypd; ghuj;ij ,Lg;G

kw;Wk; fhfsp ,Ue;J Fiwj;J

itj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;. ,t;thW

nra;fpd;w nghOJ clk;G kw;Wk;

kdjpd; rf;jp Xl;lk; mjpfupj;J

Gj;JzHitj; jUfpd;wJ.

n ,e;j Mrdj;ij gapw;rp nra;tJ

vk;Kila kdjpd; eLepiy jd;

ikia mjpfupf;fpd;wJ.

,e;j Mrdj;ij ghHg;gjw;F ,yFthf

,Ue;jhYk; xw;iwf;fhyp cl

ghuj;ij itj;jpUj;j rkepiyaw;w

jd;ikia Vw;gLj;Jk;. Fwpg;ghf

kdij fUj;Jd;wp epiyf;fr; nra;t

jd; %yk; jhd; ,e;j Mrdj;jp

epiy nfhs;s KbAk;. vz;zq;fis

rpjwitj;J ,e;j Mrdj;jp epiy

nfhs;tJ vd;gJ fbdkhdjhFk;.

czHTfis rkepiyg;gLj;jp jpah

dg; gapw;rp nra;gtHfSf;F ,e;j

Mrdk; ,yFthdjhFk;. Gyd; xLf;F

Kiwia ,e;j Mrdk; ekf;F fw;Wj;

jUfpwJ vdf; $wyhk;. ,t;thwhf

,e;j Mrd gapw;rpahdJ ehs;NjhWk;

nra;af;$ba xU gapw;rpahf tpsq;F

fpd;wJ.

pathusha@thaiveedu.com

xw;iwf;fhyp...12k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...

- 14 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

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jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 15 -

rikayiw:tPLfisj; juk; caHj;Jk; NghJ> tPl;L

cupikahsHfs; gyH vk;ktH kj;jp

ap gy Mapuk; nlhyHfis rika

yiwf;Fs; Klf;fptpLtJ kpfr; rhjh

uzkhf cs;sJ. vdNt> ,jp ,Uf;

ff;$ba ghjf. rhjf tpisTfs; gw;

wpAk; mtw;wpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; gw;wpAk;

Muha;j nghUj;jkhf ,Uf;Fk;.

rika miw mYkhupfs; (Kitchencupboard)Gjpa tPLfs; fl;lg;gLk;NghJ>kpfr; rhjhuz mbg;gilj; jd;ik

nfhz;l mYkhupfs; kl;LNk fl;ll

mikg;ghsHfsh toq;fg;gLk;.

Mdh mtw;iwj; juk; caHj;Jtjw;F

gytpj epwq;fspYk;> gytpjkhd kuq;

fspYk;> gytpj tbtq;fspYk; khjpup

fs; fhz;gpf;fg;gl;L juKaHj;Jk; re;

jHg;gk; fl;ll mikg;ghsHfsh toq;

fg;gLk;. ,tw;iw XusthtJ juk;

caHj;Jj rhyr; rpwe;jJ. gpd;dH

,tw;iwj; jukhfr; nra;tpg;gjw;F mjp

fsT gzKk; rpukKk; Vw;gl tha;g;

Gz;L. fl;ll mikg;ghsHfsh toq;

fg;gLk; mbg;gil mYkhupfSf;Fk;

tPl;L cupikahsHfs; juk; caHj;

Jk;NghJ njupTnra;Ak; Gjpa mY

khupfl;Fk; ,ilap ,Uf;ff;$ba

%yg; nghUl;fspd; ngWkjpia kl;

LNk Nkyjpfkhfr; nrYj;j Ntz;bap

Ug;gjh ,j;jifa juKaHj;jyh

mjpf ed;ik mila tha;g;Gz;L.

mNj Ntis mYkhupfspd; cauj;jp

ftdk; nrYj;jhJtpl;Ltpl;L> gpd; jkJ

ftiyiaf; nfhl;bf; nfhs;Sk; gy

tPl;LupikahsHfisr; re;jpj;j mDg

tk; epidTf;F tUfpwJ. mjhtJ

9mbf;F Nkw;gl;l cauk; nfhz;l

cl;$iu(ceiling) mikg;gpidf;nfhz;l

jsq;fSf;Fupa rikayiw mYkhup

fisj; njupT nra;Ak;NghJ mtw;wpd;

cauj;jp mjpf ftdk; nrYj;j Ntz;

baJ mtrpakhFk;.

rhjhuzkhf 30’mq;Fyk; cauk; cs;s

mYkhupfNs ,ytrkhfg; nghUj;jg;

gLtJ tof;fk;. 9mbf;F Nkw;gl;l

cauk; nfhz;l cl;$iuf;Fk; ,j;j

ifa mYkhupf;Fk; ,ilNa kpfg;

ngupa ,ilntsp ,Uf;Fk;. vg;gbahd

myq;fhug; nghUl;fis mYkhupf;F

Nk itj;jhYk; Fiwia epiwT

nra;tJ kpff; fbdk;. vdNt> mY

khupapd; cauj;ij 36’myJ 41’mq;

Fyj;jpw;F myJ mjw;F Nk juk;

caHj;j Ntz;baJ kpf mtrpak;.

mj;Jld; caHj;jg;gl;l mYkhupf

Sf;F crown moulding k; Nghl;L tpl;

lh kpfTk; mofhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,tw;

Wld; gyjug;gl;l Countertops mwpK

fg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. Mdh nghJ

thf kpf kypthdJ kl;LNk fl;ll

mikg;ghsHfsplkpUe;J mbg;gil

tpiyf;Fs; ngwj;jf;fjhf ,Uf;Fk;.

Granite, Marble myJ Quartz coun-tertop NghLtJ kpf mofhdJk; mNj

Ntis kpf ePz;l fhyk; ghtpf;ff;

$baJkhFk;. Mdh> mtw;iwf;fl;

ll mikg;ghsHfsplkpUe;J ngWtJ

kpfkpfr; nrythdJ. mtw;iw ntsp

ap jukhdtHfisg; gpbj;Jr; nra;t

jw;F 1/2 gq;fpw;Fk; Fiwe;j nryNt

Vw;gLk; vd;gij epidtp itj;jp

Uj;j eyJ. tPl;bw;Fs; gpuNtrpf;f

Kd;dNuh myJ tPl;bw;Fs; gpuNt

rpj;j gpd;dNuh mjidr; nra;tpg;gjp

mjpf rpukk; ,Uf;fhJ.

Vw;fdNt Fwpg;gpl;lJNgh vNyhuh

Yk; Countertop I Granite, Marble m

yJ Quartzf;F khw;WtJ ,ayhJ

Nghftha;g;G ,Uf;fpwJ. Mdh> rik

ayiw njhl;bap (Sink) vNyhUk;ftdk; nrYj;JtJ eyJ. ,jpYk;

gy tpiyfsp ,J ,Ue;jhYk; Faucet,izg;gjw;F Nkw; gFjpap Jthuk;

cs;s njhl;biaj; njupTnra;tjp

ftdk; nrYj;jNtz;baJ mtrpak;.

,jidj; jtwtpl;lh Countertopd;Nkw;gFjpap JisNghl;L mjp

Faucet I ,izf;f Ntz;ba epiy

Vw;gLk;. ngUk;ghyhd tPLfsp 1-2

tUlj;jpNyNa mj;Jthuj;jpd; Clhf

ePHf; frpT Vw;gl;L Countertop kpff;

FWfpa fhyj;jpNyNa cf;fpg;Nghap

Ug;gij vdJ mDgtj;jp ghHj;J

,Uf;fpNwd;. vdNt> rpy nlhyHfisg;

ghuhJ njhl;biaj; juk; caHj;Jj

kpf mtrpak;. fpwidw; myJ

Fthw;]; nfsz;lH nuhg;gpw;F njhl;

biaj; njupTnra;Ak;NghJ Undermount sink Ij; njupTnra;j rhyr;rpwe;jJ.

Over hood Fan:vk;ktHfs; kpff; ftdnkLf;f Ntz;

ba kw;nwhU tplak; vkJ rikay

iwap ,Uf;Fk; Over hood fan gw;wpa

jhFk;. nghJthf jw;NghJ fl;lg;gLk;

tPLfsp cs;s rikayiw ntsp-

Naw;Wk; tprpwpfs; Clhf ntspNaw;

wg;gLk; fhw;W> tPl;bw;F ntspNa

Nghff;$ba tpjj;jp Rtup Jthuk;

,lg;gl;L ,izf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;.

Mdh> Nghlg;gl;bUf;Fk; ntspNaw;

Wk; tprpwpfs; RkhH 30-40 nlhyH ngW

kjpahd juk; Fiwe;jitNa Nghlg;

gl;bUf;Fk;. nts;is ,dj;jtHfsJ

rika Kiwf;F ,j;jifa ntsp-

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jhYk; vkJ Njitf;F ,J NghJkh

djy. filap thq;fp> Microwave#Nlw;w kl;Lk; rikayiwiag; ghtpg;

gtHfSk;> mofhd rikayiw mOf;

fhfptpLk; vd vz;ZgtHfSk; ,J

gw;wp myl;bf;nfhs;sj; Njitapiy.

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jputpaq;fisg; ghtpj;J> fupj;Jg;

nghupj;J> myJ ePz;lNeuk; rikj;J>

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,Uf;fNt nra;fpwhHfs;. mJ xU

tif. thHj;ijfsp mstplKbahj

,d;gk;. vdNt> mj;jifNahH ,jp

ftdk; vLj;J> xU jukhd ntspNaw;

Wk; tprpwpia khw;wpdh tPL JHehw;

wkilahJ ghJfhj;Jf;nfhs;tJld;>

kpf kfpo;Tld; rikj;J> Rfhjhukhf

czT cl;nfhz;L ePz;l fhyk;

capHthoyhk;. kpf Kf;fpakhf ePz;l

Neuk; rika nra;gtHfs; jukhd

ntspNaw;Wk; tprpwpfisg; ghtpf;fhJ

tpLtjh> Nkyjpf <ug;gjid (Hu-midity) tPl;bw;Fs; cUthf;FfpwhHfs;.

ehd; gy re;jHg;gq;fsp Fwpg;gpl;l

Nghy> Nkyjpf <ug;gjd; fhuzkhf

tPl;b tpUk;gj;jfhj gy ,lHfs;

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fl;ll mikg;ghsHfs; %yk; fhw;wh

bfisj; juKaHj;JtJ cfe;jjy.

mjid ehq;fshfNt gpd;dH khw;wpf;

nfhs;tJ xd;Wk; ngupa tplaky.

,jd; tpiy RkhH 250 nlhyHfsp

,Ue;J juj;jpw;Fk; mofpw;Fk; Vw;w

thW rpy Mapuq;fs; tiu nrYk;.

9 mb caukhd jsq;fSk;caHe;j jsq;fSk; (9’ Ceilingand High Ceiling):

mz;ikf; fhyq;fsp Gjpa tPLfisg;

nghWj;jtiu kpfg; gutyhfg; Ngrg;

gLk; gjq;fsp kpf Kf;fpakhdit

ahf gpd;tUtdtw;iwf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

n 9’, 10’, 11’, 12’ Ceilingn High Ceilingn Coffered Ceilingn Waffle Ceilingn Vaulted Ceilingn Open View/ Open to below

trpg;gjw;F tPL thq;FtJ xU ufk;.

tho;tjw;F tPL thq;FtJ ,d;ndhU

ufk;. mjhtJ thlif tPl;b Fbap

Ug;gijtpl xU tPl;il thq;fp Kbe;

jsT vj;jid Ngiu mjw;Fs; mlf;f

KbANkh me;j mstpw;F $l;Lr;

NrHj;J - cr;r msT gad;ghl;il

milAk; Nehf;Fld; tPl;il thq;fp>

nryitr; RUf;fp gzj;ij kpr;rk;

gpbg;gtHfs; xU ufk;. tPL vd;wh

,g;gb> ,g;gb ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W

jpl;lkpl;L mjid moFgLj;jp> thOk;

fhyj;jp kpfr; re;Njh\khf mDg

tpj;J tho;tJ kWufk;. trpg;gtHfSf;F

juk; caHj;j vd;gJ Njitaw;w

xd;whfNt njd;gLk;. Mdh tho;g

tHfSf;F juk; caHj;Jj kpf mt

rpakhfj; njd;gLk;. vdNt nghUj;j

khdtHfs; nghUj;jkhdtw;iw vLj;

Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj vdJ

fUj;J.

rhjhuzkhf tPl;bd; xt;nthU js

Kk; mbg;gFjpap ,Ue;J Nkw;gFjp-

tiu (Floor to ceiling) 8 mb cauk;

nfhz;ljhf mikf;fg;gLtNj ,aG.

rpyNtisfsp rpy tPLfSf;Fg;NghFk;

NghJ (caukhdtHfs;) jiy Kfl;

b Kl;btpLNkh vd;gJ Nghy

czHe;J ,Ug;ghHfs;. mjpYk; Fwpg;

ghf mofhd kpd; tpsf;Ffs; nghUj;

jg;gl;bUe;jh mit tsHe;jtHf

Sf;F jiyap Kl;btplTk; tha;g;G

,Uf;fpwJ. ,jd; fhuzkhfNt Gjpa

tPLfs; fl;lg;gLk; NghJ ehq;fs; tpUk;

gpdh ,jd; cauj;ij 9-12 mbf;F

juk; caHj;jpf; fl;Ltpf;ff; $ba

tha;g;G ,Uf;fpwJ. rpy fl;ll mikg;

ghsHfs; eLj;ju myJ Mlk;gu

tPLfis mikf;Fk; NghJ ,ytr

khfNt 9 mb cauj;jpw;F tPLfis

- Ntyh Rg;ukzpak; -tPLk; tpbaYk; - 168

Gjpa tPLfisf; nfhs;tdT nra;jYk; juk; caHj;jYk;

njhlu;jy; 25k; gf;fk;

- 16 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

mikj;J tpLfpwhHfs;. Mdh rpwpa

mstpyhd tPLfSf;F Nkyjpfg;

gzk; nrYj;jpdh kl;LNk 9 mbf;F

caHj;JthHfs;. tPl;il moFgLj;jTk;

mofhd kpd;rhu tpsf;Fisg;nghUj;

jTk; Crown Molding NghLj Nghd;w

tw;wpw;Fk; ,l;LKl;L ,yhj czH

NthL thoTk; 9 mbf;F Nkw;gl;l

cauk; nfhz;l jsq;fs; cjTk;. Fwpg;

ghf gpujhd jskhtJ 9 mbap

,Ug;gJ eyJ. 2k; khbap ngUk;

ghYk; gLf;if miwfNs ,Ug;gjh

8 mbap ,Ug;gJ mjpfk; Njhw;whJ.

Fwpg;ghf epyf;fPo;jsj;ij 9 mbf;F

caHj;Jtjh mjpf gyhgyd;fs;

Vw;gLk;. mjidj; jtwtpl;l gyUk;

(ehd; cl;gl) gpd;dH czHe;J ft

iyg;gLthHfs; vd;gJ kwf;f Kbahj

cz;ik.

tPL cau> cau mjidg; guhkupf;

Fk;> ntg;gkhf;Fk; nryTk;> Fsp&l;

Lk; nryTk; rpwpJ mjpfupf;Fk; vd;g

ijAk; ,e;j ,lj;jp ehd; Nfhbl;

Lf; fhl;lNtz;baJ flik.

,J jtpu> jw;NghJ rw;W Mlk;gukh

ff; fl;lg;gLk; tPLfsp cs;s rpy

gFjpfSf;F kl;Lk; Living roomf;F

myJ Family room f;F Nk rpy

fl;ll mikg;ghsHfs; kpf caHe;j

ceilingI mwpKfg;gLj;JfpwhHfs;. mjh

tJ Fwpg;gpLk; ,e;j miwfSf;F

Nk 14’-16’ cauk; ,Uf;Fk;. rpy

mikg;Gfsp 2tJ jsj;jp gLf;if

miw NghlNtz;ba ,lj;jp

NghlhJ jtpHj;J ,Ug;ghHfs;. ,j

dh ,e;j Fwpg;gpl;l miwfspd; ca

uk; ,uz;L klq;fhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,j;j

ifa mikg;Gfsp kpf mofhf

Chandeliers fisg; (mLf;F tpsf;Ffs;)

nghUj;jp Nk khbapypUe;J fPo;

Nehf;fp ghHf;ff; $bajhf ,Uf;Fk;.

rpyUf;F ,j;jijfa tpsf;fq;fs;

fdT ,yq;fis (Dream House)epidTgLj;Jtjhf mikAk;. tho;f;if

vd;gJ ,d;gKld; tho;tjw;Nf vd;W

ghHg;gtHfs; ,j;jifa juk; caHj;

Jjiyj; jtwtplf; $lhJ.

rJu mbf;F vt;tsT KbAk; vd;W

fzf;Fg; ghHg;gtHfs; jpwe;j gFjp-

fis milj;J gLf;if miwahf;fp

trpf;fyhk;. mJ mtHfSf;F juk;

caHj;jyhf mikAk;. kdk; nfhz;

lNj khspif...

tPl;bw;F Coffered Ceiling, Waffle ceilingvd;gd xU jdp moiff; nfhLf;Fk;.

mjw;F Crown molding, Hidden lighting,Puff lights, Chandeliers vd;gtw;iwr;

NrHj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;NghJ NkYk; NkYk;

nkUFgLk;. ,tw;iw tPL fl;bagpd;

nra;tJ kpfr; rpukk;. mj;Jld; 9

mbf;Ff; $ba Ceiling ,yhjtp

lj;J ,tw;iwr; nra;tJk; fbdk; vd;

gij epidtp itj;jpUf;fTk;. vdNt

juk; caHj;Jk;NghNj jtwtplhJ nra;a

Ntz;bajp ,JTk; xd;W.

ehw;rhH tPLfsp fz;l myJ mD

gtpj;jjpd; ,d;DNkhH tbtk;jhNdh

,q;F ehk; fhZk; Open View or opento below vd;W $lj; Njhd;Wfpd;wJ.

NkypUe;J fPo; elg;gtw;iwg; ghHg;gJ

myJ ghHf;ff; $bajhf ,Ug;gJ

xU jdp moF. ,q;F kiwe;J ,Ue;J

ghHg;gij ehd; Fwpg;gpltpiy.

Kbe;jh ,tw;iw juk; caHj;jyp

NrHg;gJ moFf;F moF NrHg;gjhf

mikAk;.

Pot Lights:

tPLfSf;F Pot lights NghLtJ xU

jdp moiff; nfhLf;Fk;. fle;j rpy

tUlq;fshf gy mofhd tbtq;f

sp ,j;jifa kpd; tpsf;Ffs; re;

ijg;gLj;jg;gLtjh mJ gyuJ ft

dj;ijAk; <Hj;J ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,j

idj; jkf;Fr; rhjfkhfg; gad;gLj;

Jk; fl;ll mikg;ghsHfs; kpf mjpf

,yhgk; <l;Lk; xU fUtpahf ,jidg;

gad;gLj;JfpwhHfs;. ,d;Wk; Fwpg;gh

ff; $WtJ vd;wh xU Pot lightNghLtjw;F 250 nlhyHfspypUe;J

275 nlhyH tiu tPL thq;FgtHfspl

kpUe;J mwtpLfpwhHfs;. xU tPl;bw;F

20-50 iyl; tiu rpghHR nra;fpwhHfs;.

vdf;Fj; njupe;j rpyH 40 iyl;fs;

tiu vLj;jpUf;fpwhHfs;. ,jw;F mtH

fs; nrYj;jpa njhif 40x250=$10,000. ,jw;F fl;ll mikg;ghsHf

Sf;F Vw;gl;bUf;ff; $ba nryT

500 nlhyHfSf;F cl;glNt ,Uf;

Fk;. kpf kypthdtpiyap fpilf;ff;

$ba tpsf;Ffisj;jhd; mtHfs;

nghUj;JthHfs;. rhjhuzkhf 5 nlhy

upypUe;J $30.00 nlhyHtiu gy

jug;gl;l epwq;fspYk; tiffspYk;

];nghl; iyw;fs; tpw;gid nra;ag;g

Lfpd;wd. fl;ll mikg;ghsHfs; kpf

kypthdtw;iwg; nghUj;jptpl;L jkJ

nghf;fw;iw epiwj;Jtplj; jtWt

jpiy. ehk; Gj;jprhypj;jdkhf ele;J

nfhz;lh gy Mapuk; nlhyHfisr;

Nrkpf;f tha;g;gpUf;fpwJ.

nghJthf ];nghl; iyl;fs; Halogentifapyhd kpd; Fkpo;fs; Nghlf;$b

ajhfNt ,Uf;Fk;. Mdh me;j

tifahd kpd;Fkpo;fs; kpd;rhuj;ij

kpf mjpf mstp cwpQ;Rtjh

khjhe;j kpd; fl;lzr; nryit mjp

fkhf;ff; $ba tifahf ,Uf;Fk;.

Mdh> rhjhuz LED (energy server)Fkpo;fisg; ghtpf;ff;$ba ];nghl;

iyl;fisg; NghLtJjhd; Gj;jprhypj;

jdkhdJ. ,it Par 20 tifiar;

rhHe;jit> myJ GU-10 Nghd;w tif

iar; NrHe;jitiaahf ,Uf;fyhk;.

,it kpf kypthd tpiyap jw;

NghJ tpw;gid nra;ag;gLfpd;dwd

vd;gij kwe;Jtpl Ntz;lhk;.

nkhj;jj;jp fl;ll mikg;ghsHfspl

kpUe;J ];nghl; iyw; vLg;gij rpghHR

nra;aNt khl;Nld;. ehkhfNt ];nghl;

iyw; NghLtjw;Fg; gy topfs; cz;L.

n ePq;fs; ve;j ve;j ,lj;jp ];nghl;

iyw;fisg; Nghl tpUk;GfpwPHfNsh

me;j ,lj;jpw;F xt;nthU Rough inIvLf;fyhk;. mjhtJ me;j ,lj;

jp 1 iyw;Wf;Fupa nghUj;J> jd;

dpr;irahf Rtpr;Rld; Nghlg;gLk;.

,jw;Fupa nryT 50-75 nlhyHfs;

tiu fl;ll mikg;ghsupdh mw

tplg;gLk;. gpd;dH me;j nghUj;jpy;

,Ue;J me;jg; gFjpf;Fupa ];nghl;

iyw;fis ePq;fs; tpupTgLj;jpf;

nfhs;syhk;. Fwpg;ghf rhg;ghl;l

iwf;F 10 iyl;fisg; NghLk; vz;

zk; ,Ue;jh xU rough in ,ypUe;J

ePq;fs; me;jg; gj;ijAk; Nghl;Lf;

nfhs;syhk;. ePq;fs; 2>500 nlhyHf

Sf;Fj; juk; caHj;Jtjw;Fg; gjp

yhf> 50-100 nlhyUld; cq;fs;

Njitia cq;fs; tpUg;gpw;F Vw;w

thW G+Hj;jp nra;Jnfhs;syhk;. Gj;jp

rhypj;jdkhf ele;jh kpf mjpfk;

Nrkpf;fyhk;.

n tPl;bw;F Nkhbq; NghLk; vz;zk;

,Ue;jh mjDld; NrHj;J kpf

,yFthf cupa taHfis kiwj;

Jk; ];nghl;iyw;fisg; Nghlyhk;.

gy tpsk;guq;fsp Nkhbq; thq;

fpdh ];nghl;iyw; ,ytrk; m

yJ Fiwe;j tpiyap ];nghl;

iyw; vd;w gy tpsk;guq;fisg;

ghHj;jpUf;fyhk;. mJ$l xU ,yh

gfukhd topjhd;.

n epyf;fPo; miw (Ng];nkd;w;) G+Hj;jp

nra;ahk ,Uf;Fk; gl;rj;jp vq;F

Ntz;LkhdhYk; fz;Zf;Fg; Gy-

dhfhj tpjj;jp Gjpa kpd; tpsf;

Ffis ntspg;Gwj;jpNyh myJ

Nk jsq;fspNyh kpff; fr;rpjkhfg;

Nghlf;$batHfs; ,Uf;fNt ,Uf;

fpwhHfs;. rpy rpukq;fSf;F Kfk;

nfhLf;fj; jahH vd;wh gy Map

uk; nlhyHfs; Nrkpf;fTk; tha;g;G

,Uf;fNt ,Uf;fpwJ. njhopEl;

gk; njupahjtHfSk; juhjuk; ngwh

jtHfSk; ,j;jifa jpl;lq;fsp

,wq;fp tPl;bw;Fs; ,Uf;Fk; kpd;rhu

,izg;Gfisf; FoWgb nra;a

tplhJ ghHj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;ba

Jk; tPl;LupikahsHfsJ Kf;fpa

flik vd;gijf; ftdj;jp nfhs;

sTk;.

n jw;NghJ $40-45 nlhyHfSf;F

];nghl;iyw; nghUj;Jk; gyiuAk;

fhzf;$bajhf cs;sJ.

tPl;bw;Fupa moulding:

tPl;bw;Fupa moulding NghLtJk; xU

moF. gytpj tiffspYk; juq;fsp

Yk; tbtq;fspYk; mouldings cs;sd.

n Plaster Mouldingn MDF Mouldingn Polyurethane Mouldingn Wood Mouldingn Foam Moulding

nghJthf fl;ll mikg;ghsHfs;

ghtpg;gJ gpsh];lH Nkhbq;. Nghlg;

gl;bUf;Fk; rpj;jpu Ntiyg;ghLfis

Jypakhf vLj;Jf; fhl;Ltjhf

gpsh];uH Nkhbq; ,Uf;Fk;. Vid

atw;NwhL xg;gpLk;NghJ tpiyAk;

rw;W mjpfkhfNt ,Uf;Fk;. fl;ll

mikg;ghsHfs; tbtj;jpw;Fk;> gUk

Df;Fk; Vw;wthW gNtWgl;l fl;l

zq;fis mwtpLfpwhHfs;. Mdh

,tw;iwg; gpd;dUk; NghlKbAk;.

kypthfr; nra;ayhk;. Mdh tPl;b

jsghlk; ,yhk ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;.

JR Nghd;w mnrsfupaq;fis re;

jpf;fj;jahH vd;wh> mjw;fPlhf mjp

fsT Nrkpg;ig <l;l tha;g;G ,Uf;

fpd;wJ. gpsh];uH Nkhbq; jtpHe;j

Vida Nkhbq; tiffis trjp

ahdNghJ vg;NghJk; Nghl;Lf;nfhs;

syhk;. jw;NghJ N`hk; bg;Ngh Nghd;w

filfsp kpf ,yFthff; ifahsf;

$ba tpjj;jp /NghHk; Nkhbq;F

fs; tpw;gidf;F te;Js;sd. mj;Jld;

re;jpfSf;Fk; %iyfSf;Fk; vd;W

jdpg; nghUj;JfSk; jdpahf tpw;fg;

gLtjh mtw;iw ehkhf ntl;b vLf;

Fk; rpukj;ijj; jtpHj;J ,yFthfNt

,tw;iwg; nghUj;jyhk;. cq;fSf;F

rw;Wj; jpwik ,Ue;jh kpFjpiaf;

Nfl;lwpe;Jk;> ghHj;Jr; nra;Jk; gy

klq;F nlhyHfis Nrkpj;Jf; nfhs;

syhk;.

fl;ll rpw;gf; fiyfspd; ghuk;gupaq;

fisf; nfhz;l ehq;fs;> jhafj;jp

fl;lg;gLtJ Ngh fw;fisf; File;J

rpw;gq;fisr; nrJf;fhk tpl;lhYk;

ehl;bw;Fk; #oYf;Fk; Vw;wthW rpw;g

Ntiyg;ghLfs;nfhz;l Crown Mould-ing, Ceiling Moulding, Base Moulding,Shoe Moulding, Case Moulding, PanelMoulding, Cornice Moulding Nghd;wtw;

iwg; ghtpj;J tPLfis moFgLj;J

tNjhL> mtw;iw urpj;J thoTk;

toptiffs;

,q;Fk; cz;L.

Gjpa tPLfisf;...24k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...

velasubramaniam@thaiveedu.com

jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 17 -

- 18 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 19 -

Muk;gg;gs;spAk; Foe;ijfSk;:ghlrhiyf; fhyj;jp Foe;ij jdf;

nfd xU ‘tho;f;if Kiwia| tsHj;

Jf; nfhs;fpd;wJ. vd kdpj tpUj;jp

gw;wp Ma;e;j fpNw]; N[. fpwhf; vd;g

tH Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s fUj;jpd;gb> Foe;

ijapd; Kj Ie;J Mz;L fhyKk;

Vida ghlrhiyf; fhyq;fis tpl

kpf Kf;fpakhdJ. ,e;jf; fhyj;jpNyNa

Foe;ij tsHr;rpapYk;> fw;gjpYk; kpf

KOikahf <LgLtjhf myJ jdJ

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fpd;wJ.

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,irthf;fKk;> mbj;js mikg;Gk;

FiwthfNt fhzg;gLk;. Foe;ijf

Sf;F xOq;fikg;G myJ xNukh

jpupahf ele;Jnfhs;Sk; myJ nraw;

gLk; gof;fk; ,Uf;fhJ. jhk; thOk;

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jpUk;gj; jpUk;g jpdk; jpdk; fhz;g

jh milahsk; fz;L tpUj;jpnra;J

nfhs;fpd;wJ. ,e;j tbtq;fSf;fhd

Njitfs; mf;Foe;ijia jhd; fhz;

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ghHj;;;j vd;gdtw;iw guPl;rpj;Jg;

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cs;stHfs; kpff; fbdkhd myJ

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jk;kh mDkjpf;fg;gLgtHfs; myJ

tpUg;gkhdtHfSld; cgNahfpf;fj;

njhlq;FfpwhHfs;. Kad;W jtwpf; fw;

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aw;w #oyp fw;Wf;nfhs;Sfpd;wJ.

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whHfs;. tsHe;jtHfs; ,ir myJ

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fpwhHfs;.

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nghOijf; fspg;gjpdh Foe;ijfs;

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upf;fhtp cs;s kuq;fSf;Ff; fPo;

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nrhypj; jUtjd; Clhf gz;ghl;L

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jifa kuq;fs; fdlh Nghd;w ehLf-

sp ,iyNa| vd;gJk; Foe;ijfs;

gw;wpAk; KjpNahHfs; gw;wpAk; cstp

a Ma;tpid Nkw;nfhz;LtUk;

nuhwd;Nuh gfiyf;fofj;ijr; NrHe;j

cs kUj;Jt epGzH itj;jpaf; fyh

epjp Nkhl;ld; g];]H mtHfs; Kjp-

NahH gw;wpa fUj;juq;nfhd;wp NgRk;

NghJ Fwpg;gpl;lNjhL> ftpap Kjp-

Nahupd; gq;fspg;G Kf;fpakhdJ vd;

gjidf; Fwpg;gpl;lik fUj;jpw;nfhs;

sj;jf;fJ.

‘xU rpe;jidia tpijg;gjh xU

nraiy eP mWtil nra;tha;> xU

nraiy tpijg;gjh eP xU tof;

fhw;iw mWtilnra;tha;> xU tof;

fhw;iw tpijj;jh eP xU gz;ig

mWtilnra;tha;> xU gz;ig tpijg;

gjh eP epfo;Tfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;J

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vd rhs;]; wPl; vd;Dk; NguwpQH

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gUtq;fsp ehk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk;

vz;zq;fs;> csg;ghq;Ffs;> fw;gid

fs;> nrafs;> toikfs;> gz;Gfs;>

fl;Lg;ghl;Lr; rf;jp vd;gdntyhk;

Gwepiy> mfepiyf;fhuzpfspdh

vkf;F Vw;gLfpd;wd. mjhtJ kdpj

tsHr;rpahdJ cl epiyapYk;> #o

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vdyhk;. ehshe;j nraw;ghLfs;>

fhz;git> Nfl;git Nghd;wtw;wh

ehk; mwpe;Njh mwpahkNyh vkJ csk;

tsHT ngw;W tUfpd;wJ. clYf;F

czT mspj;J mJ [uzpj;J cl

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csj;jpd; nraw;ghl;bw;Fk; MNuhf;fp

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ve;j ehl;bYk; ,isQHfspd; td;Kiw

viy kPwfs; mjpfupj;J> fl;Lf;

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- j. rptghY -

- 20 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

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Ntz;Lkhapd; mjw;Fj; jha; nkhop

njupe;jhNy nraw;gLj;jKbAk;.

crhj;Jiz:• Gardner, Howard. Frames of Mind: the Theory of

Multiple Intelligences. BasicBooks, 2011.• Gasson, I. John. Helping Your Child Succeed at

School. Warwick Pub., 1995.• Armstrong, Thomas. Awakening Your Child's

Natural Genius: Enhancing Curiosity, Creativity,and Learning Ability. G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1991.

sivapalu@thaiveedu.com

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jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 23 -

- 24 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

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crhj;Jiz:• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatoon_

freezing_deaths• https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-

columbia/chantel-moore

cuj;Jf; Nfl;Fk; ,dntwpf;nfjpuhd Fufs;- FU mutpe;jd; -

kuruaravindan@thaiveedu.com

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jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 25 -

- 26 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

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me;jpthdk;eh - Fkhu; GdpjNty; -

kumar.punithavel@thaiveedu.com

jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 27 -

- 28 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

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Ftyak; MSk; FbrhH nghwpapa- mfzp RNu]; -

gFjp: 10

njhlu;jy; 29k; gf;fk;

jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 29 -

tha;g;gpyhj epiy> ntspehl;L Kj

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fz;b khtl;lj;jp cs;s njnjdpah

vd;w ,lj;jpNyNa ,j;jpl;lk; mikf;

fg;gl;lJ. ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; muR rhHghd

cupikahsH (Client) ,yq;if kfhtyp

mjpfhu rig MFk;. ,j;jpl;lj;jpd;

Kf;fpa gFjpfshf ghupa ePHg;ghrdj;

jpl;lKk;> ePH kpd;tY cw;gj;jpj;jpl;l

Kk; ,Ue;jd. ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; FbrhH

nghwpapa crhj;Jiz toq;Fk; epW

tdKk;> fl;Lkhd xg;ge;jf;fhuHfS

khf Nkw;fj;Nja epWtdq;fs; nraw;

gl;ld. NrH mnyf;];rhz;lH fpg; md;

ghl;NdH]; (Sir Alexander Gibb & Part-ners) epWtdk; ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; FbrhH

nghwpapa crhj;Jizg; gzpiar;

nra;jhHfs;. ,yq;ifap cs;s crhj;

Jiz epWtdkhd kj;jpa nghwpapap

crhj;Jizg; gzpafk; cs;ehl;L

epWtdkhf Kf;fpa gzpiar; nra;jJ.

,e;epWtdk; cl;fl;likg;G mgptpUj;

jpf;fhd nghwpapa crhj;Jiz kw;

Wk; epHkhd Nritfis toq;fpaJ.

,j;jpl;lj;jpd; fhuzkhf gfiyf;f

ofg; nghwpapa gbg;ig Kbj;Jf;

nfhs;Sk; nghwpapa gl;ljhupfis

gfiyf;fofk; te;J njupTnra;J

njhop tha;g;ig toq;ff;$ba

epiyik fhzg;gl;lJ. ,j;jpl;lk; fhu

zkhf kfhtyp mjpfhurig> kj;jpa

nghwpapa crhj;Jizg; gzpafk;>

xg;ge;jfhuHfspd; epWtdq;fs; Mfp

atw;wp Ntiytha;g;Gfs; Vw;gl;ld.

,j;jpl;lj;jp 122 kPw;wH ePskhd

,ul;il tisTila nfhq;fpwPw;

miz fl;lg;gl;lJ. mizapd; Kf

ePsk; (crest length) 520 kPw;wH MFk;.

mizapd; Kf mfyk; 6 kPw;wH.

mizapd; mbafyk; 25 kPw;wH. ePHj;

Njf;fj;jpd; (Reservoir) gug;gsT 22.7

fpNyhkPw;wH. ePHj;Njf;fj;jpd; nfhs;s

sT 722>000>000 fdkPw;wH. mfyk; 6.2

kPw;wH tpl;lKk; 5.7 fpNyh kPw;wH ePsKk;

nfhz;l ePH rf;jpr;Ruq;fk; mikf;fg;

gl;lJ. ,e;jr; Ruq;fj;jp jpl;lj;jpd;

Kjw;fl;lj;jp %d;W 70 nkfhthl;];

(3x70MW=210MW) kpd;tYf; nfhs;s

sT nfhz;l ePH rf;jp epiyak; mikf;

fg;gl;L> ,uz;lhk; fl;lj;jp %d;W

70 nkfhthl;]; (3x70MW) kpd;tYf;

nfhs;ssT nfhz;l ePH rf;jp epiy

ak; mikf;Fk; jpl;lj;ijAk; nfhz;b

Ue;jJ. ,J> ,yq;ifap fhzg;gLk;

mjpf ePHrf;jp cUthf;Fk; jpl;lkhf

,Ue;jJ.

mizkpF ePu; topfhy; (];gpy;Nt

Spillway) vd;why; vd;d vd;W ftdpg;

Nghk;. Nky; mizf;fl;Lg;gf;fj;jpy;

msTf;F Nky; ePu;kl;lk; NrUk;nghOJ

msTf;fjpfkhd ePiu ntspNaw;w

cjTk; fl;LkhdNk mizkpF ePu;

topfhy;(];gpy;Nt Spillway) vd;W $W

Nthk;. ,tw;why; mizf;fl;L ghJfhf;

fg;gLfpd;wJ. xU ePu;j; Njf;fj;jpy;

msTf;fjpfkhd ePu; NrUk;nghOJ

fhy;tha; tbtpy; mizkpF ePu; top

fhy; gy mikf;fg;gl;L> ,e;j miz

kpF ePu; topfhy; fl;Lkhdj;jpw;F Nky;

nts;s thry;fs; (Floodgates) mikf;

fg;gLk;. rWf;fp tpisahLk; fl;Lkh

dk; Nghd;w tbtpy; ,e;j mizkpF

ePu; topfhy; rpy mike;jpUf;Fk;.

,j;jpl;lj;jpy; mizkpF ePu; topfhy;

nfhs;ssT (Spillway Capacity) 8200fdkPw;wu; MFk;. ,e;j mizapy; 8

mizkpF ePu; topfhy; ,Ue;jd. xt;

nthU mizkpF ePu; topfhYk;; 12.5

kPw;wu; mfyKk;> 6.5 kPw;wu; cauKk;

nfhz;lJ. ,tw;why; mizf;fl;L ghJ

fhf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. mizkpF ePu; top

fhypy; nts;s thry;fs; (Floodgatesor stop gates) my;yJ cUfp nrUfy;fs;

(gpA]; gpsf;]; Fuse plugs) ,Uf;Fk;.

ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; (Reservoir) Nkw;gFjp

apy; ];gpy;Nt ,Uf;Fk;. tpf;Nlhupah

mizf;fl;by; cs;s thry;fSf;fhd

tbtikg;gpw;F Fbrhu;g; nghwpapayh

su; rq;fk; (The Institution of Civil Engineers) tpUJ toq;fpaJ.

mj;jpl;lj;jp mikf;fg;glNtz;ba

fpuhkq;fs;> tPjpfs;> kPsikg;G Ntiy

fs; Nghd;w cl;fl;likg;G Ntiyf-

spd; Ma;Tfs;> jpl;l Nkyhz;ik>

tbtikg;G> fl;Lkhd Nkw;ghHit

Nghd;w Ntiyfs; midj;Jk; kj;jpa

nghwpapa crhj;Jizg; gzpafk;

nra;jJ. muR rhHghd jpl;lj;jpd;

cupikahsuhd ,yq;if kfhtyp

mjpfhurigAk; jpl;lj;jpd; Nkyhz;

ikg; gzpfsp <Lgl;bUe;jJ.

,e;jj; jpl;lj;jpd; fl;Lkhdg; gzpfs;

eilngw;w fhyj;jp ehq;fs; Nguhj

idg; gfiyf;fofj;jp ftp fw;

Wf;nfhz;bUe;Njhk;. vkJ gfiyf;

fofj;jpypUe;J 30-45 epkplk; Neug; gpu

ahz Juj;jp ,j;jpl;lk; eilngw;w

,lk; mike;jpUe;jJ. mjdh f

tpr; Rw;Wyh nrd;W ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; fl;

Lkhdg; gzpfis Neup ghHf;f Kbe;

jJ. ePskhd Ruq;fg;ghijap nra;j

gpuahzk; tpj;jpahrkhd gl;lwpit

Ak;> Ruq;fj;jp gzpGupgtHfspd; f];

lq;fisg; GupAk; tha;g;Gk; fpilj;jJ.

tpf;Nlhupahj; jpl;lj;jpd; Kf;fpakhd

Ntiyfs; 1981k; Mz;L Muk;gpf;

fg;gl;L 1985k; Mz;L Kbf;fg;gl;lJ.

Mdh 1977k; Mz;bypUe;Nj ,j;jpl;

lj;jpw;fhd jpl;lkpl kw;Wk; Muk;gg;

gzpfs; Muk;gkhfp tpl;ld. ,j;jpl;

lk; Jupj kfhtypj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; epH

khzpf;fg;gl;lJ. mj;jpl;lk; gw;wpa

vz;zk; 30 tUlq;fSf;F Kd;Ng

fye;Jiuahlg;gl;lJ. ,j;jpl;lj;jh

365>000 n`f;NuH]; (ha) epyg;gug;gpw;F

ePHg;ghrd trjp fpilj;jJ. ,j;jpl;lj;

jpw;fhd mbf;f 14 Mf];l; 1978

ehl;lg;gl;L Vg;u 12> 1985 jpwe;J

itf;fg;gl;lJ.

,j;jpl;lj;jp cs;s mizf;fl;L>

ePHtYr; Ruq;fk; Mfpatw;iw epHkh

dpj;j xg;ge;jfhuHfs; (Contractors)nggH gPw;wp (Balfour Beatty)> vl;kd;l;

el;th (Edmund Nuttall) Mfpa epWt

dq;fspd; $l;likg;ghFk;. ePHtYr;

rf;jp epiyaj;ij mikj;j xg;ge;j

fhuH nfh];w;wapd; FWg; (CostainGroup). ,j;jpl;lj;jpdh 30>000 FLk;

gq;fs; kPs;FbNaw;wk; nra;ag;gl;lhH

fs;.

tpf;Nlhupahj; jpl;lj;jpw;fhf 113 kp

ypad; ];Nuypq; gTz; epjpAjtp gpupj;

jhdpa murhq;fj;jplkpUe;J fpilj;jJ.

,J nkhj;j nrytpd; %d;wp ,uz;L

gq;fhf ,Ue;jJ. tpf;Nlhupah ePHrf;jp

epiyaj;ij ,yq;if kpd;rhu rig

cupik nfhz;L guhkupj;J tUfpd;

wJ. ,e;jg; ghupa jpl;lk; jpl;lkplg;gl;l

nryTj;njhiff;Fs; Kbf;fg;gl;l

njd;gij ,q;fpyhe;jpypUe;J te;J

kjpg;gPL nra;j FOtpd; mwpf;if

njuptpf;fpd;wJ.

md;ghd thrfHfNs! FbrhH nghwp

apa gw;wpa gy tplaq;fis ,j;

njhlH fl;Liu %ykhf cq;fSld;

gfpHe;J nfhs;tjp kdepiwtil-

fpd;Nwd;. njhlHe;J ciuahLNthk;.

cq;fs; vz;zf;fUj;Jf;fisAk;

gfpHe;J nfhs;Sq;fs;.

crhj;Jiz:• http://www.island.lk/index.pup?page_cat=article-

details&page=article-details&code_title=90080• http://www.mahaweli.gov.lk/Other Pages/Pro-

jects/Victoria.html• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spillway

• http://cecb.lk/index.html•

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_Dam_(Sri_Lanka)

• https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PDAAX272.pdf• https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/govern-

ment/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/67900/ev392s.pdf

• http://www.island.lk/index.pup?page_cat=article-details&page=article-details&code_title=90080

(njhlUk;)

akani.suresh@thaiveedu.com

Ftyak; MSk;...28k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...

www.noolaham.org

- 30 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

ePq;fs; Gjpjhfr; nrhj;J thq;FgtHfsh? mtjhdkhf ,Uq;fs;.

ePq;fs; Gjpjhf xU tPl;ilNah>

njhlHkhbf; FbapUg;igNah thq;Ftjhdh>

‘Leaseback’ vdg;gLk;

Fj;jif cld;gbf;ifap ifnaOj;J ,lhjPHfs;.

fdlh tUkhdtupj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; (Canada Revenue Agency) Gjpa

eilKiwfSf;F mika> ,e;j cld;gbf;ifap ifnaOj;J

,l;Ltpl;lh> tupf;fopTfs; cq;fSf;Ff; fpilf;fhJ. mj;Jld;>

ePq;fs; fdlh tUkhdtupj; jpizf;fsj;Jf;F Nkyjpfkhf 3>400

nlhyH nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;.

Nkyjpf tpguq;fSf;F:

Peter JustinB.Comm., CGA, CPA

Chartered Professional Accountant11-1415 Kennedy Road, Toronto ON M1P2L6

416-321-3100

Gjpjhfr; nrhj;J thq;Ffpd;wPHfsh?

jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 31 -

U Nfhil fhyj;jp

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ukbj;J (camp) jq;fpUe;Njhk;. ,J

nuhd;NuhtpypUe;J 275 fpNyh kPl;lUf;F

mg;gh cs;s Algonquin Njrpa G+q;fh.ehk; ,Ue;j ,lk; jdpj;jPT vd;W $l

nrhy KbahJ xU ngupa ghiw

vd;Nw nrhyNtz;Lk;. ehk; nrd;w

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gbah mq;Nf jq;fp tpl;Nlhk;. ehk;

,Ue;j ghiw kpf rPuhfTk; Ja;ik

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thdk; ,Uz;L tUk; Neuk;> Esk;G

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mUikahd nghOJ. KO epyT

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,uTg;nghOJ ,d;Dk; ed;whf ,Uf;

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ehk; ,Ue;j gFjp KOtJkhf ,Ul;

b %o;fptpl;lJ. gf KOtJkhf

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ghiwap. vNjh xU jUzj;jp ehd;

jpBnud Kopj;Jf;nfhz;Nld;. vd; ez;

gd;jhd; vd;id vOg;gp tpl;lJ vd;

gij Gupe;J nfhz;L ehDk; vupr;rY

ld; Vd; vdJ Jf;fj;ij nfLf;fpd;

wha; ez;gh vd;gJ Nghy mtid

ghHj;Njd;. ez;gNdh rj;jk; Nghlhk

thdj;ij ghH vd;W irifap $wp

dhd;.

thdk; er;rj;jpuq;fspd; xsp kioap

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ghHf;fpDk; el;rj;jpuq;fs; ,ilapil

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el;rj;jpuq;fs; FWf;Nf gwe;J kha

kha; kiwe;J NghFk;. thdj;jpd;

eLNt ,Nyrhd fyq;fpa nts;is

Kfp $l;lk; xU Nfhbap ,Ue;J

kWNfhbtiu ePz;L ,Ue;jJ. ,J

Kfp my ghntsp el;rj;jpufhL

(Milky way Galaxy). ekJ tPL ehk;thOk; el;rj;jpukz;lyk;. ehk; ,Ue;j

tdk;> Vup ahTNk vk;Kld; if

NfhHj;J ,e;j mofpa fhl;rpia fz;

ntl;lhk ghHg;gJNghy mikjpahf

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ahd Vupap el;rj;jpuq;fs; vjpnuh-

spj;jd. fz;Zf;F vl;ba Juk; G+uh

el;rj;jpuq;fs;. ,e;j gpugQ;rNk vkf;

fhf fPopwq;fp te;J fhl;Lk; mw;Gjk;.

gpugQ;rk; MLk; fsp eldj;jpd; xU

fzk;. tpupe;J nfhl;bf;fplf;Fk; moF.

ehk; fz;nfhl;lhk tpiwj;jpUe;J

ghHj;Jf;nfhz;bUe;Njhk;. fdlh ehl;

bd; moif ghHg;gjw;F mjd; fhL

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Ntz;Lk; vd;ghHfs;. mq;Nf ePq;fs;

mjp\;lk; nra;jtHfshapd; nrhHfj;

ijAk; ghHf;fyhk; vd;gjid mg;NghJ

ehd; Gupe;Jnfhz;Nld;. ehk; xUt

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ld.

vq;F vNyhUk; Ngha;tpl;lhHfs;?

kjpa rhg;ghl;bd; ,ilap rHtrhjh

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,Ue;jhYk; ,jd; Moj;ij rhg;ghL

Nkirap ngHkpia Rw;wp ,Ue;jtH

fs; midtUk; czHe;J nfhz;lhH

fs;. ,e;j Nfs;tpjhd; ,d;W ngHkp

apd; Kuz; GjpH (Fermi’s paradox) vd;W

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fg;gLfpd;wJ. ngHkp ,aw;gpayp

xU mZ tpQ;Qhd Jiw Ma;thsH

(nuclear physicist). ,e;j rk;ghrid

ele;j ,lk; mnkupf;fhtpd; epA+ nkf;

rpNfh khfhzj;jpYs;s Los AlamosNational lab. ,e;j tpQ;Qhd Ma;T

$lj;jpjhd; ,uz;lhk; cyf kfh

Aj;jj;jpd; NghJ mnkupf;fhtpd; mZ

Fz;L jahupg;G eltbf;iffs; ,ufrp

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ahyq;fs; Kd;dH mtuJ $l;lhspfs;

epA+ NahHf;fH (New Yorker) rQ;rpif

ap ntspte;j gwf;Fk; jl;L fhH^d;

gw;wp ciuahbapUe;jdH. ,J 1940fs;>

,e;j ehl;fsp gwf;Fk; jl;Lfs;>

Ntw;W cyfthrpfs; (aliens) vd gy

jug;gl;l tje;jpfs;> fijfs; cyhtpd.

ngHkpapd; Nfs;tp Ntw;W fpufq;fsp

,Ue;J kdpjNuh myJ capupdq;

fNsh ahuhtJ G+kpf;F te;jpUg;ghH

fshapd; mtHfs; vq;Nf Ngha;tpl;

lhHfs;? Vd; ,d;Dk; vtuhYk; mtH

fs; te;J tpl;L Nghd milahsq;f

isf; fhz Kbahk ,Uf;fpwJ?

vd;gJjhd;.

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tdj;jp thdj;jp> ftHe;jpOf;Fk;

el;rj;jpuq;fspd; xsp Ntbf;ifap

nka; kwe;jpUe;j vd;id vd; ez;gd;

Nfl;lJk; ,Nj Nfs;tpjhd;. NkNy

thdj;jp nfhl;bf;fplf;Fk; nfhl;b

fplf;Fk; el;rj;jpu FtpaYs; vjhtJ

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fpufj;jpYk; capupdq;fs; Njhd;wp

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cs;s kdpjHfs; Nghy jd;DzHT

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fj;jpypUe;J vkJ R+upaid ghHj;J

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fpufj;jp VjhtJ capupdq;fs; ,Uf;

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jiy Nghuhl;l fhyq;fsp kl;Lk;

jhd; eilngw Ntz;Lk; vd;wpiy.

ve;j re;jpap GUNdhit capUld;

nfhSj;jpdhHfNsh mNj ,lj;jp

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gQ;rk; KOtJk; gue;J ,Uf;Fk; el;

rj;jpuq;fsp xd;wp R+upad; Nghy

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tuhjh? ,tw;wp G+kp Nghd;w R+o

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cs;s capupdq;fspd; clyp cs;s

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fpufq;fsp Njhd;Wk; capupdq;fs;

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gupzhkk; milAk; NghJ> jd;DzHT

(conscious) kpf;f capupdj;ij $Hg;G

cUthf;Ftjw;F ve;j jilfSk;

tug;Nghtjpiy. jd;DzHT (con-scious) kpf;f capupdq;fs; njhopEl;

gj;jp kdpjHfs; Nghy KjpHr;rp mil

tjw;F 2 myJ 3 kpypad; tUlq;

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ghntsp el;rj;jpu kz;lyj;jp ,Uf;

Fk; el;rj;jpuq;fsp vjhtJ xd;wp

G+kp Nghy xU fpufKk;> kdpjH Nghy

myJ kdpjiu tpl njhop El;g

tsHr;rpap mjpf tsHr;rp nfhz;ltH

fs; G+kpf;F te;J Nghtjw;F vd;d

jil cz;L? myJ ,e;j gpugQ;

rj;jp thontd;W xU G+kpia jtpu

NtW XH ,lKk; Njhd;wtpiyah?

,e;j gpugQ;rj;jp kdpjHfs; kl;Lk;

jhd; jd;DzHT nfhz;l capupdq;

fshf ,Uf;fpd;wdth? ,e;j gue;j

gpugQ;rj;jp ehk; kl;Lk; czHTG+H

tkhd capupdq;fshf tho;tjhapd;

,J kpfg; ngupa xU Nrhfkhd tplak;

myth? ehk; ,e;jg; G+kpap ghHj;j>

Nfl;l ahTk; jhd; tho;th? ,d;W

gpugQ;rj;jp NtW xd;Wkpiyah...?

NtW tho;T? NtW ghl;L? NtW

fij? jdpj;J epw;fpd;Nwhkh? Neha;

nehb ,yhj tho;ntd;W gpugQ;rj;

jp vq;fhtJ thOkh? mtjhH (Avatar)jpiug;glj;jp te;jJ Nghy gwf;Fk;

kiyfSk; NgRk; kuq;fSk; vq;fh

tJ ,Uf;Fkh? ,e;j Nfs;tpfs; gy

thdpa Ma;thsHfspd; kdq;fis

Ak; fhyq;fhykhf File;J vLj;Jf;

nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. ,aw;gpayp ,jw;F

vg;gb tpil NjLtJ?

Kjyp mbg;gilap fzf;F Nghl;L

ghHj;jhHfs;. vkf;F njupe;j ‘tho;T’

(life) vd;gJ G+kpap kl;Lk;jhd; cs;

sJ> ,e;j G+kpap cs;s tho;T

njhlq;Ftjw;Fk; njhlHtjw;Fk; vd;d

fhuzq;fs;> mtrpakhd %y nghUl;

fs;> R+o> ,ij gw;wp jPHkhdpj;jh

gpugQ;rj;jp vq;fhtJ G+kpap cs;

sJ Nghy tho;T Njhd;wp njhlu

tha;g;G cz;lh vd;W Njb ghHf;f

yhk; vd;W jPHkhdpj;jhHfs;.

,uz;lhtJ kpd;fhe;j miyfs;. ,d;W

ghupa mstp tsHe;Js;s jft

njhop El;gj;jpd; %y Ntuhf ,Ug;

ngHkpapd; Kuz; GjpH (Fermi’s paradox)

Ffd;rq;fug;gps;is --x

njhlu;jy; 32k; gf;fk;

- 32 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

gJ kpd;fhe;j miyfs; njhlHghf

Vw;gl;l mwptpa tsHr;rp xU Kf;

fpa fhuzk;. xU thndhypap ,Uf;

Fk; miytupirfs; Nghy NtW NtW

kpd;fhe;j miy tupirfis cgNah

fpj;J njhiyf;fhl;rp kw;Wk; ifNgrp

Nghd;w njhiy njhlHGfis ehk;

,q;F NgzptUfpd;Nwhk;. ehk; cU

thf;Fk; kpd; fhe;j miyfs; guT-

tjw;F viy ,iy. ,it G+kpia

fle;J gpugQ;rk; KOtJk; gutpf;nfhz;

bUf;fpd;wd. Ntw;W cyf thrpfs;

gpugQ;rj;jp vq;fhtJ xU fpufj;jp

,Ug;ghHfshapd; mtHfsJ mwptp

aYk; njhopEl;gq;fSk; tsHe;J

mtHfSk; vk;ik Nghy kpd;fhe;j

miyfs; %yk; njhiy njhlHGfis

NgZthHfshapd; mtHfsh cUthf;

fg;gLk; kpd;fhe;j miyfSk; G+kpia

te;jilAk;. ,t;thwhd miy tup

irfis mtjhdpg;gjd; %yk; NtW

ahuhtJ ,e;j gpugQ;rj;jp vk;ik

Nghy tho;fpd;whHfsh vd;gjid KbT

nra;ayhk; vd;Wk; jPHkhdpj;jhHfs;.

mz;lntsp fpufq;fsp VjhtJ xd;W

G+kpap kdpjHfsh cUthf;fg;gLk;

kpd;fhe;j miyfSf;F xg;g kpd;fhe;j

miytupirfis ntsptpLfpd;wdth

vd;gjid mtjhdpg;gjw;fhf SETI(,jd; KO ngaH search for extraterres-trial intelligence) vd;w yhg Nehf;fw;w

epWtdk; fypNghHdpahtp Gfo;ngw;w

mwptpa gug;GiuahsH fhH Nra;fd;

(Carl Sagan) mtHfs; jiyikap

1984k; Mz;L epWtg;gl;L ,d;W tiu

mz;l ntspap ,Ue;J tUk; kpd;

fhe;j miyfis Muha;e;J tUfpd;

wJ. ,d;Wtiu NtW cyfp ,Ue;J

te;j ve;j thndhyp rkpf;iQfSk;

kdpjuh cUthf;fgl;lJ Nghy nraw;

ifahd kpd;fhe;j miyfis Nghy

Njhd;wtpiy.

,dp ,e;j gpugQ;rj;jp Ntw;W cyf

thrpfs; ahuhtJ vq;fhtJ tho;fpd;

whHfsh vd;gjw;fhd rhj;jpaf;$Wfis

vt;thW fzpj;J ghHj;jhHfs; vd;W

ghHg;Nghk;. ,e;j fzpg;ig Kjyp

Nkw;nfhz;ltH lhf;lH gpuhq;f; Nuf;

fhtH.

lhf;lH gpuhq;f; Nuf; (Dr. Frank Drake)mnkupf;fhtpd; ntH[pdpah khfhzj;

jpYs;s xU NjhiyNehf;fp Ma;T

epiyaj;jp ,aw;gpa Ma;thsuhf

gzpahw;wp te;jhH. ,e;j Ma;T epiy

aj;jpYs;s njhiy Nehf;fp %yk;

tpz;zp ,Ue;JtUk; thndhyp rkpf;

iQfis (radio waves) Muha;e;J gpu

gQ;rj;jp gue;jpUf;Fk; el;rj;jpuq;f

spdJ ,aGfis mtjhdpj;jdH.

1961k; Mz;L lhf;lH gpuhq;f; Nuf;

(Dr.Frank Drake) mwptpaypYk; njhop

Eg;g tsHr;rpapYk; kdpjUf;F ,iz

ahd myJ kdpjiu tpl mjpf

Kd;Ndw;wk; mile;j capupdq;fs;

,e;j gpugQ;rj;jp vq;fhtJ thOkh

mtw;wpd; njhopEl;g mwpT kdpjH

msT tsHe;J thndhyp rkpf;iQ

fis gpugQ;rk; KOtJk; gug;Gkh

vd;gjw;fhd rhj;jpa$Wfis Muha;e;J

mjw;fhd fzpg;gPLfis vt;thW

Nkw;nfhs;syhk; vd;W xU rkd;ghil

cUthf;fp ,Ue;jhH. ,e;j rkd;ghL

jhd; ,g;nghJ ,aw;gpa tYdHf

sh Nuf;fpd; rkd;ghL (Drakes Equa-tion) vd;W miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. xd;iw

,q;F tpsq;fp nfhs;s mtrpak;.

,e;j rkd;ghl;il jPHg;gjd; %yk;

Ntw;W cyf thrpfs; ,e;j gpugQ;

rj;jp ,Uf;fpd;whHfsh ,iyah

vd;W cWjpahf $wKbahJ. Mdh>

Nuf;fpd; rkd;ghl;il ,e;j GjpUf;F

xU njhlf;f Gs;spahf vLf;fyhk;

vd;W ,aw;gpa Qhdpfs; fUJfpd;

whHfs;.

tho;ntd;gNj xU tpNrlkhd epfo;T.

,J tiu kdpj mwpTf;F vl;batiu

R+upa kz;lyj;jp G+kp vd;nwhU

fpufj;jp kl;Lk;jhd; tho;T njhlq;fp

njhlHe;J nfhz;L ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

,jw;fhd fhuzq;fis ehk; tpupthf

MuhaNtz;Lk;. Kjyp ghntsp

el;rj;jpu kz;lyj;jp R+upadpd; ,Ug;

gplk; mjhtJ R+upad; ghntsp el;

rj;jpu kz;lyj;jp ,Uf;Fkplk; kpf

Kf;fpakhd tplak; R+upad; ghntsp

el;rj;jpuj;jpd; viy gFjpap xU

Xukhf ,Uf;fpwJ. ghntsp el;rj;

jpu kz;lyj;jpd; kj;jpa gFjp kpFe;j

fjpHtPr;Rfs; epiwe;j gFjp. ,e;j

gFjpap ,Uf;Fk; el;rj;jpuq;fis

Rw;wp fpufq;fsp ehk; fhZk; ‘tho;T’

njhlHtjw;F mjp $ba fjpHtPr;Rfs;

tplg;Nghtjpiy. ,dp ,e;j R+upa

kz;lyj;jp G+kpapd; ,Ug;gplk;. capH

tho;tjw;F ePH kpf Kf;fpakhd xd;W.

R+upaDf;F kpf mz;ikap cs;s

fpufq;fs; R+upadp ,Ue;J tUk;

fjpHtPr;Rfsh kpFe;j ntg;gk; mil

fpd;wd> ,jdh ,q;F ePH jputkhf

,Ug;gjpiy. ,Nj Nghy R+upadp

,Ue;J mjpf Juk; ,Uf;Fk; fpufq;

fsp R+upadpd; ntg;gk; mjpfkpiy>

ePH gdpf;fl;bahf ciwe;JtpLk;. ePiu

Nghy tho;Tf;F Njitahd kw;w ,u

rhadq;fspd; ,aG epiy> mjhtJ

mit jpz;kkhfNth> jputkhfNth

myJ thAthfNth ,Uf;fpd;wd

vd;gJ mit R+upadpd; fjpHtPrRfsp

,Ue;J vt;tsT Juj;jp ,Uf;fpd;wd

vd;gjp jq;fpAs;sJ. G+kp Njhd;wp

500 kpypad; tUlq;fspNyNa tho;

tpw;fhd mbg;gil mk;rkhd jd;id

jhNd gpujpgz;Zk; %y$Wfis

nfhz;l capupdq;fs; G+kpap Njhd;w

Muk;gpj;J tpl;ld. ,it xU fyj;

jpdhyhd capupdq;fs;. Mf> jFe;j

R+o ,Uf;Fkhapd; tho;tpw;fhd mbg;

gil %yf;$Wfs; xd;W NrHtjw;F

ve;j jilAk; ,Uf;fhJ vd;gjidNa

,J fhl;Lfpd;wJ. Mdh ,d;W Nghy

gyfyq;fis nfhz;l capupdq;fspd;

tho;ntd;gJ ,aghfNt ,yFthf

Muk;gpf;Fkh vd;gJ ,d;dKk; njsp

thf njupatpiy. Vnddp G+kpap

xU fyj;jpyhd capupdk; xd;NwhL

xd;W ,ize;J ,uz;L fyq;fspdh

Md capupdk; vd;w epfo;T vd;gJ

G+kpapd; tuyhw;wp xNunahU jlit

kl;LNk eilngw;W ,Uf;fyhk; vd;W

Ma;thsHfs; fUJfpd;whHfs;. ,e;j

,uz;Lfy capupdk; ehYfy capup

dkhfp> ehY vl;lhfp> vl;L gjpdhwhfp

,Wjpap vk;ik Nghy gy Nfhbf;

fzf;fhd fyq;fisAila capupq;

fshf gupzhkk; mile;jd. Mf>

G+kpia Nghy jFe;j R+o ,Uf;Fk;

kw;w fpufq;fsp ‘tho;tpd;’ mbg;gil

mk;rkhd jd;id jhNd gpujpgz;

Zk; %yf;$Wfs; ,aghfNt cU

thFkhapDk; ,it gyfyq;fis

nfhz;l capupdq;fshf gupzhkk;

mila Ntz;Lk; vd;W ,aw;ifap

ve;j tpjpfSk; ,Ug;gjhf njupa

tpiy. mg;gb gy fycapupdq;fs;

Njhd;wpdhYk; mtw;wp VjhtJ xd;W

kdpjiu Nghy jd;ZzHT ngw;w

itahf gupzhkk; mile;jpUf;Fkh

vd;gJk; re;NjfNk!

60 kpypad; tUlq;fSf;F Kd;dH

tiu gy ildNrhHfs; ,e;j G+kpap

cyhtpd. mtw;wp vitAk; njhop

El;gk; kw;Wk; mwptpa Nghd;w Jiw

fsp kdpjiu Nghy tsHr;rp mile;

jjw;fhd rhd;Wfs; vJTk; ,iy.

,Wjpahf mwptpYk; njhop El;g

tsHr;rpapYk; kdpjiu Nghy KjpHr;rp

mile;j capupdq;fs; NtW fpufq;

fsp Njhd;wpdhYk; mit vt;tsT

fhyk; ePbj;J tho;fpd;wd? G+kpapd;

tuyhw;wp Fiwe;j glrk; Ie;J Kiw

NguopTfs; cUthf;fp capupdq;fs;

ahTk; mope;J kPz;Lk; cUthfp

,Uf;fpd;wd vd Ma;thsHfs; fUJ

fpd;wdH. ,t;thwhd NguopT xd;wpd;

%ykhfj;jhd; ildNrhH]; ,e;j

G+kpap ,Ue;J mope;J Nghapd.

,Nj Nghy G+kpia jtpHe;j kw;w

fpufq;fsp vq;fhtJ capupdq;fs;

Njhd;wp ,Ue;jhYk; mit ePbj;J

tho;e;J gupzhkk; miltjw;F ePz;l

fhyj;jpw;F ,e;j fpufq;fs; ,aw;if

ahf tUk; NguopTfspTfis jtpHj;J

,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thwhd rfy

tplaq;fisAk; fUj;jp nfhz;Nl

Nuf; jdJ rkd;ghl;il cUthf;fp

,Ue;jhH.

,g;g ehq;fs; rkd;ghL vd;dntd;W

ghHg;Nghk;:

Kjyp jd;DzHT nfhz;l capup

dq;fs; gpugQ;rj;jp Njhd;wf;$ba

rhj;jpaf;$Wfspd; tpfpjhrhuj;ij ‘N’vd;W itj;Jf;nfhs;Nthk;.

vkJ G+kp R+upa kz;lyj;jpYs;sJ.

,e;j R+upadpd; Njhw;wk; vt;thW

cUthdJ? R+upaid Nghy xU el;

rj;jpuk; R+upad; ,Uf;Fk; gh ntsp

el;rj;jpu kz;lyj;jp cUthf;Ftjw;

fhd rhj;jpaf;$Wfs; vd;d? ,jw;fhd

rhj;jpaf;$Wfis ‘R*’ vd;W itj;Jf;

nfhs;Nthk;.

,dp ,t;thW cUthd R+upadp fpu

fq;fs; Njhd;w$ba rhj;jpaf;$Wfs;

vd;d ,jid ‘fp’ vd;W itj;Jf;nfhs;

syhk;.

mLj;J> ,t;thW cUthd fpufq;f

sp vj;jid fpufq;fs; G+kpia Nghy

jl;g ntg;g R+oiyAk; XLk; ePiuAk;

nfhz;bUf;Fk;? ,jw;fhd rhj;jpaf;

$Wfis ‘ne’ vd;Nghk;.

,g;gbahd ,aghd R+oyp capup

dq;fs; cUthtjw;fhd re;jHg;gq;fs;

vd;dthf ,Uf;Fk;? ,jw;fhd rhj;jp

af;$Wfis fl vd;W milahsg;gLj;jp

nfhs;syhk;.

,t;thW cUthd capupdq;fsp vit

jd;DzHT kpf;fitahf khWtJ

kl;Lkpyhk mwptpaypYk; njhop

El;g tsHr;rpapYk; kdpjiu Nghy

cUthfp ,Uf;Fk;?. Mf> gFj;jwp

Ts;s capupdq;fs; cUthf;f$ba

rhj;jpaf;$Wfis ‘fc’ vd;W itj;Jf;

nfhs;Nthk;.

,Wjpahf jd;DzHT nfhz;l capup

dq;fs; ePz;l fhyj;jpw;F thOk;

rhj;jpaf;$w;iw ‘L’ vd;W itj;Jf;

nfhs;Nthk;.

Nuf;fpd; rkd;ghL Nkw;$wpa rhj;jpaf;

$Wfis xt;nthd;whf Muha;e;J

mtw;wpw;fhd tpfpjhrhuq;fis xd;

NwhL xd;W ngUf;Ftjd; %yk; ,e;j

gpugQ;rj;jp vq;fhtJ kdpjiug;

Ngh jd;DzHT kpf;f capupdq;fs;

tho;fpd;wdth vd;gjid fzpg;gpL

fpd;wJ.

,J jhd; Nuf;f;fpd; rkd;ghL:

N = R* • fp • ne • fl • fi • fc • L

njhlu;jy; 32k; gf;fk;

ngHkpapd; Kuz;...31k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...

jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 33 -

rkd;ghl;il cUthf;fpaJ rup> ahuh

tJ ,jw;F tpil fz;L ,j;jid

Mapuk; ntsp cyfthrpfs; ,Uf;fpd;

wdH vd;W fzpj;jpUf;fpd;whHfsh vd;

wh mjw;F Mk; vd;Wjhd; gjp$w

Ntz;Lk;. Mdh> ,e;j fzpg;gp

tUk; tpiljhd; xU ,bag;g rpf;fyhf

,Uf;fpwJ.

Nuf;fpd; rkd;ghl;il NASA tpd; juT

fis itj;J mjhtJ R+upad; Nghy

el;rj;jpuq;fs; cUthFk; tpfpjk;>

mtw;wp fpufq;fs; Njhd;Wk; rhj;jp

af; $Wfspd; tpfpjk; Nghd;w ahtw;

iwAk; fzf;fp vLj;J fzpg;gpLk;

NghJ ,uz;L tpjkhd tpilfisj;

jUfpd;wJ. xd;W kdpjiu Nghy jd;

DzHT nfhz;l capupdq;fs; ,Ug;

gjw;fhd rhj;jpa$W 9.1 X !0^ (-11).mjhtJ -0.0000000091 tpfpj tpOf;

fhL. ,ij Rj;j jkpop $Wtjhapd;

kdpjiu Nghy jd;DzHT cs;s

capupdq;fs; ,e;j gpugQ;rj;jp tho;

tjw;F rhj;jpa $Wfs; ,yNt

,iy. ,uz;lhtJ tpil Kj

fzpj;j tpilf;F NeH khwhf ekJ

R+upa kz;lyk; ,Uf;Fk; gh ntsp

el;rj;jpu kz;lyj;jp kl;Lk; 150 kp

ypaDf;Fk; mjpfkhd jd;DzHT

ngw;w capupdq;fs; thoyhk;. vd;W

fzpg;gpLfpd;wJ. cq;fis NghyNt

vdf;Fk; ,e;j fzf;F Rj;JJ. RUf;

fkhf $wpdh cz;ikap ntspA

yfthrpfs; ,e;j gpugQ;rj;jp ,Uf;

fpd;whHfsh vd;w Nfs;tpf;F ,e;j

rkd;ghl;bd; jPHT ve;j jPHf;fkhd

gjpfisAk; jutpiy. GjpH ,d;d

Kk; njhlHfpd;wJ.

,e;j gue;j gpugQ;rj;jp ehk; kl;Lk;

jhd; tho;fpd;Nwhk;. G+kpap kl;LNk

capupdq;fs; tho;fpd;wd. mjpYk;

kdpjHjhd; jd;DzHT nfhz;l gilg;

Gfshf ,e;j gpugQ;rj;jp tho;fpd;

whHfs; vd;gJ ‘fpzj;J jtisapd;

cyf ghHit’ fijf;F xg;gplyhk;.

,Ug;gpDk; Vd; ,e;j ePz;l mikjp

ahUila FuiyAk; Nfl;f Kbatp

iyNa?

Vd; ,d;dKk; ,e;j gpugQ;rj;jp vq;

fhtJ thOk; capupdq;fis vk;kh

mwpa Kbahk ,Ug;gjw;F gy

fhuzq;fs; ,Uf;fyhk; vd Ma;th

sHfs; $Wfpd;wdH. Kjyhtjhf xsp

apd; Ntfk;. xspapd; Ntfk; kl;Lg;gLj;

jg;gl;Ls;sJ. Mk; gpugQ;rj;jp xsp

apd; Ntfj;ij vJTNk kPw KbahJ

jhd;. Mdh> ,e;j gpugQ;rk; fw;g

idf;F $l vz;zp ghHf;f Kbahj

sTf;F kpf gue;jJ. vkJ R+upa FLk;

gj;jpw;F gf;fj;jp ,Uf;Fk; mLj;j

R+upa FLk;gk; g;Nuhf;]pkh nrz;^up

(Proxima Centauri). ,q;F ,Ue;J xsp

tUtjw;Nf 4 tUlq;fSf;F Nkyhfpd;

wJ. jw;NghJs;s uhf;nfl; njhop

El;g mwptpa %yk; xU rpwpa

(INghd; msT) jhdpaq;fp fyj;ij

(robot) g;Nuhf;]pkh nrz;^up (Proxima

Centauri) R+upa kz;lyj;jpw;F mDg;gp

me;j R+upa kz;lyj;njhFjpia mt

jhdpf;f NASA jpl;lkpLfpd;wJ. ,e;j

fyk; mq;F Ngha; NrHtjw;F kl;Lk;

80 tUlq;fSf;F Nk vLf;Fk;. vk;ik

Nghy mwptpaypYk; njhopEl;gj;jp

Yk; KjpHr;rp ngw;w capupdq;fs; NtW

cyfq;fsp Njhd;wp ,Ug;gpDk;

mtHfSf;Fk; vk;ik Nghy R+upa

FLk;gq;fSf;F ,ilap gazk;

nra;tjp eilKiw rpf;ffs; ,Uf;

ff; $Lk;. vk;iktpl mjpf msT

mwptpaypYk; njhopEl;gj;jpYk; kpf

Kd;Ndwpa capupdq;fs; Njhd;wp mit

R+upa kz;lyq;fSf;F ,ilap

kl;L ky el;rj;jpu kz;lyq;fSf;F

,ilap $l gazk; nra;gtHfshf

Tk; ,Uf;ff;$Lk;. ,tHfs; G+kpiaAk;

,q;F tho;gtw;iwAk; ghHj;J G+kp

ap cs;s tho;T kpf gpd;jq;fpa

tho;tpa. xU 50 tUlq;fSf;F Kd;

dhjhd; Jiz fpufkhd re;jpu

Df;Nf ,tHfs; gazpj;jpUf;fpd;wdH

vd;W $l fUjp ,Uf;fyhk;. cjhu

zkhf: ehk; vt;thW xU vWk;G

Gw;iw ghHj;J vWk;Gfspd; tyikia

tpaf;Fk; mNjNeuk; me;j tyikf;F

,Uf;Fk; viyfisAk; Gupe;Jnfhs;

tJ Nghy kw;w cyfthrpfSk; vk;ik

Nehf;ff; $Lk;.

,d;DnkhU rpf;fiyAk; ,q;F Nehf;f

Ntz;Lk;. mjhtJ mwptpa tsHr;rp

apd; kWgf;fk;. ,d;W tuyhw;wpNy>

Kd; vg;NghJkpyhj msT mwptpa

ypYk; njhopEl;g JiwapYk; kdpj

,dk; kpFe;j tsHr;rpaile;Js;sJ.

ehk; tPl;b Eioe;jTld; Njitahd

ntspr;rKk;> ,jkhd fhw;Wk;> Rfkhd

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crhj;Jiz:• https://www.cbc.ca/radio/quirks/there-may-be-36-

other-intelligent-civilizations-in-the-galaxy-but-odds-of-communicating-with-them-are-small-1.561

8194• https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/tess/

• https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/exoplanet-catalog/1814/kepler-16b/

• Images: Wikipedia.

kugan.s@thaiveedu.com

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- 34 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 35 -

- 36 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

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njhlu;jy; 37k; gf;fk;

,dpatd;,rhHjPd; -

-

jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 37 -

mwpag;gl;ltH. mtUila rpW fij

fisg; gw;wp vOjpatHfs; kpff;

FiwT. mtH thOk; r%fj;jpdJk;

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Lk;’.

Kw;Nghf;F gilg;...36k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...

isarudeen@thaiveedu.com

- 38 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 39 -

- 40 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

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njhlu;jy; 41k; gf;fk;

jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 41 -

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wikneswaran.p@thaiveedu.com

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- 42 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

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vivekanandan.p@thaiveedu.com

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jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 43 -

Suren Nathan AMPMortgage Broker

License# M08004479

Dir. 416-436-1111Office. 416-548-7475 Fax: 416-548-7496

suren@bonafidemortgage.ca,7 Eastvale Drive,Unit 203, Markham, ON, L3S 4N8

-digi M

edia Creations-

Brokerage Lic# 10216

- 44 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

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vivekananthan.v@thaiveedu.com

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jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 45 -

- 46 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

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sriskandan@thaiveedu.com

2016

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jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 47 -

- 48 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

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nkd;gtw;wpd; gpd;dzpap jw;NghJ

Nehf;Ffpd;wNghJ ,e;j ehlfj;jpd;

fjhehafp Nehuhtpd; gpur;rpid> mjd;

ghw;gl;L vLj;j KbT fhj;jpuk;

Fiwe;jnjhd;whfNt Njhd;WfpwJ.

msty nra;jhq;Nf tPtH fsty kw;iwa Njw;wh jtH.

fsitj; jtpu Ntnwhd;iwAk; mwp

ahjtHfs; ePjpf;F khwhd jPa epid

Tfis epidj;jnghONj nfl;L xop

tH.

tho;tp NjhtpiaNa re;jpf;fhjtd; vjidANk Kaw;rpf;fhjtdhthd;.- MgHl; Id;];ild;

n`d;wpf; ,g;]dpd; xU nghk;ikapd; tPL - tPbNah ehlf tpkHrdk;

xU nghk;ikapd; tPL Nkil ehlfj;jpd; tPbNah tbtk;> ,t;tUlk; khHr;khjk; 7k; jpfjp nfhOk;G juq;fzp jpiuauq;fp miof;fg;gl;l ghHitahsH-fSf;nfdj; jpiuaplg;gl;lJ. me;j ehlfk;gw;wp ,yq;ifapd; %j;j gj;jpupif-ahsH md;dyl;Rkp ,uh[Jiu mtHfs; tPuNfrupg; gj;jpupifap vOjpatpkHrdk; ,q;Nf kWgpuRuk; nra;ag;gLfpwJ. xU nghk;ikapd; tPLnuhwd;Nuhtp NkilNaw;wg;gl;L [d; khjk; 30k; jpfjpAld; ,uz;LtUlq;fs; Kbtilfpd;wd.

c md;dyl;Rkp,uh[Jiu -

-

- 50 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

he Casteless collective’ ePyk;

gz;ghl;L ikaj;jpdh

cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;s Rah

jPd ,irf;FO. jkpo;ehl;b cs;s

‘Fuq;fd;’ RahjPd ,irf;FOtpd;

‘njd;kh’ jhd; ,e;j Gjpa FOtpdJk;

,irj;jahupg;igr; nra;fpwhH. gh.

uQ;rpj; jdJ ez;gHfSld; ,ize;J

epfo;j;Jk; ,e;j Kd;ndLg;G kpf Kf;

fpakhd gz;ghl;L murpa epfo;T.

murpa kag;gLj;j jhd; ,e;j

,irapd; xNu Fu. rhjpapd; ngaup

jq;fSf;F epfo;e;j> epfo;e;J nfhz;

bUf;fpd;w mePjpfspd; fijfis

mtHfs; ghLfpwhHfs;. nfhz;lhl;lk;

xU vjpHg;G tbtkhf vg;gb ,aq;f

KbAnkd;gjw;F ,JnthU Kd;Ndh

bahd cjhuzk;.

xU tifg;gl;l fhdhg; ghlfisNa

njhlHr;rpahf jkpo;r;rpdpkh vq;fSf;

Fg; gof;fg;gLj;jpapUf;fpwJ. mJ

mNefk; xU ez;gdpd; fhjYf;fhf

MWj nrhtJk;> Fj;Jg;ghlYf;

nfhU nkl;Lg;NghyTk; te;J gjpe;jp

Uf;fpwJ. uQ;rpj;jpd; tUif mjid

khw;wpaJ. fhdhit> jhd; ek;Gk;

khw;wj;jpd; ,iraha; fUj;jpa tb

tp Kd;itf;f mtuh Kbe;jpUf;

fpwJ. mtUila glq;fsp njhlHe;J

Kd;itf;fg;gl;LtUk; xLf;fg;gl;l

r%fq;fspd; tho;f;if Kiw. mjd;

nfhz;lhl;lk;. mjd; Jf;fk;. mjd;

fyfk; vd;gd vOr;rpahd kdepiy

iaAk; MNuhf;fpakhd khw;wj;ijAk;

Nehf;fp xLf;fg;gl;l kf;fis efHj;

Jk; vd;W ek;GfpNwd;. mwptpd; %ykhd

r%f khw;wj;ijf; NfhUk; uQ;rpj;>

ePyk; gz;ghl;L ikaj;Jld; ,ize;J

jdJ ntspr;rj;ij ,e;j ,irf;F

Otpw;Fk; ,e;j epfo;TfSf;Fk; gad;

gLj;JtJ mjid Mokhd kw;Wk;

mfykhd mstp r%fj;jpw;Fs;

nfhz;L NrHf;Fk;.

gy khjq;fspw;F Kd;G Nfushtp

xU nghyp]; epiyak; mUNf itj;J

ePskhd jhb> jiyKb itj;jpUe;j

ikf;fhf ‘jPtputhjp’ vd;W tprhuiz

nra;ag;gl;l RahjPd ,irf;FOnthd;

wpd; ghlfH xUtH> mLj;j ehs; me;

jg; nghyp]; epiyaj;jpw;nfjpNu te;

njhU ghliyg; ghbdhH.

‘ehq;fs; kPir tsHg;Nghk;jhb tsHg;Nghk; Koq;fh njhLk; tiu KbAk; tsHg;Nghk;mJ vq;fs; ,\;lk;.

vq;fs; clk;gp cs;s kapiuf; $l cq;fSf;fh vOjpj;ju Ntz;Lk;.

cq;fs; ifap ghrprf; Nfh cz;L.

Mdh vq;fs; njUf;fspvq;fs; tafsp vg;gb elg;gnjd;Wvq;fSf;Fj; njupAk;’

,J jhd; mjd; rhukhd tupfs;.

jpUk;gj; jpUk;g gy EW Kiw me;

jg; ghliyf; Nfl;bUf;fpNwd;. kdpj

Rje;jpuk; jhd; vj;jid ngupaJ?

mjd; xt;nthU tupAk;

mjpfhuj;jpw;nfjpuhd capupd; fyfNk.

tpLjiy mjd; ika ,io.

*

<oj;jp> mJTk; aho;g;ghzj;jp

cs;s rhjpnad;gJ cs;NshLk; tp\k;.

ehd; Kj Kiwahf ‘xUifg;giw’

gofpa NghJ> rhfhj me;j Nehia

kWgbAk; Neubahfr; re;jpj;Njd;. Gj;

jH fiyf;FO ‘kzpkhwd;’ mz;zd;

jhd; vd; ‘giw’ Mrhd;.

‘jq;fr;rpa vd;d giwaDf;Nf fl;bf;

FLf;fg;Nghwha;’> ‘,tDf;Nfd; Njit

apyhj Ntiy’> ‘giwia tPl;l tr;rp

Ue;jh Mf;fs; vd;d epidg;gpdk;’

vd;W nrhe;jf;fhuHfs;> mg;ghTf;F

te;J Fiw nrhypf;nfhz;NlapUe;j

dH. ‘mtd; vd;d nra;apwhd; vz;L

mtDf;Fj; njupAk;’ vd;W mg;gh

nrhd;d gpd; jhd; mlq;fpdhHfs;.

,t;tsT fhyKk; ,tHfs; ve;jg;

Gw;Wf;Fs; xspe;jpUe;jhHfs;.

<oj;jp> vt;tsT jhd; rhjp ,iy

nad;W ehk; Ntl;biaf; fl;b kiwj;

jhYk;> mjd; m&g epofs; vyh

kdq;fspYk; tpOe;J nfhz;LjhdpUf;

fpwJ. mjd; rkPgj;ija cjhuzk;>

kf;fs; FbapUg;Gf;fSf;F kj;jpapYs;s

kahdq;fis mfw;Wk; Nghuhl;lk;

tYg;ngw;W vOe;j NghJ> efunkq;

Fk; rhjpj;jbj;jdq;fs; ,utp fs;tH

fs; Ngh te;J NrHe;jd. ‘kf;fs;

Kjyp te;jhHfsh? kahdk; Kjyp

te;jjh?’ vd;W gl;bkd;wk; elj;jp

dhHfs;. rup> mtHfspd; nkhopapNyNa

Nfl;Nghk; vd;W ‘kf;fs; Kf;fpakh?

kahdk; Kf;fpakh?’ vd;W Nfl;Nlhk;.

mjw;F thia %bf;nfhz;L kWgb

Ak; ahH Kjyp te;jnjd;W tFg;ng

Lf;f Muk;gpj;J tpl;lhHfs;. jhj;

jhkhHfspd; nrhFRj;jdq;fisAk;

mtHfs; kw;wtHfis cwpQ;rp cU

thf;fpitj;jpUf;Fk; tho;f;if Kiw

iaAk; iftplKbahj NguHfs; ,tw;

iwnayhk; xU nghUl;lhNa kjpf;f

khl;lhHfs;.

jpUneNtypap cs;s ghw;gz;iz

apYk; kahdg; gpur;rpid cs;sJ.

,q;NfAk; $ypj;njhopyhspfSk; md;

whlk; cioj;J tho;gtHfSNk mjp

fk;. ,J ve;jtifapyhd xj;jj;jd;ik

vd;gij ehk; Gupe;J nfhs;s Ntz;

Lk;. Kjyp> aho;g;ghzj;jpd; ngUk;

ghyhd rpWefuq;fsp Mjpf;f rhjp

apdiu ikakhff; nfhz;L ntt;NtW

rhjpapdH mLf;fLf;fhf ,Ug;gH. cjh

uzj;jpw;F jpUneNtypia vLj;Jf;

nfhz;lh> mjd; ikakhd re;jpap

nts;shsHfs; cs;sdH. ikaj;jpyp

Ue;J ntspNehf;fpr; nrd;wh jr;rH

fs;> nfhyHfs; kw;Wk; ,d;d gpw

,ilepiyr;rhjpapdH cs;sdH. mj

idj;jhz;b mjd; ikakhd ,lj;jp

ypUe;njhU %iyap ghw;gz;iz

ap gpw;gLj;jg;gl;l rhjpapdH ngUk;

ghd;ikahf tho;fpwhHfs;. ,e;j mLf;

fpd; mikTfs; jw;nrayhditay.

,J rhjp mbg;gilapNyNa cUth

fpa efuk;. ,jd; ,Wf;fq;fSk; gioa

eilKiwfSk; Fiwe;jpUe;jhYk;

Vw;wj;jho;Tfs; ,d;Dk; tho;fpd;wd.

ghw;gz;izapypUf;Fk; mjpfkhd

,isQHfs; jpUneNtypr; re;jpap

%l;il Jf;FfpwhHfs;> Ml;Nlh Xl;L

fpwhHfs;> $ypj;njhop nra;fpwhHfs;>

irf;fps; filap Ntiy nra;fpwhH

fs;> rPt njhopyhspfshf ,Uf;fp

whHfs;. ,it vyhk; VNjh ,aghf

elg;gnjd;W ehk; nrhypf; fle;J

tpl KbahJ. ekJ kf;fspd; ,e;j

epiyf;F tYthd tuyhw;Wf;F fhu

zq;fs; cs;sd. mtw;iw ehk;

mwpe;J nfhs;tjd; %yk; mtHfspd;

tho;f;if Kiwap ,d;W ghjpg;ig

epfo;j;jpf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; tplaq;fs;

vitAk; jhdha; epfo;e;jitapiy

vd;Wk;> ,e;j epiy khwNtz;Lkhdh

fLikahfg; Nghuhl Ntz;bapUf;Fk;

vd;Wk; Gupe;Jnfhs;syhk;.

,e;j ,lj;jp jhd; fle;j fhyg;

Nghuhl;lq;fisg; ghHf;fpNwd;. ,lJ

rhup ,af;fspdhYk;> xLf;fg;gl;l kf;

fSf;fhd mikg;GfshYk; vt;tsT

uj;jk; rpe;jp cUthf;fg;gl;l fhykpJ.

ehk; tuyhW njupahjtHfshf> murp

ayw;wtHfshf myJ ntw;Wf; Nfh\

murpaiy Kd;itg;gtHfshf ,Uf;f

KbahJ.

,d;Wk; aho;g;ghzj;jpd; fiuNahu

kw;Wk; xLf;fg;gl;l kf;fspd; tho;f;if

nfhLikahfj; jhd; cs;sJ. Fg;ig

fSf;fpilapYk; kahdq;fSf;fpilap

Yk; xU tPL.

ehd; njhopEl;gtpa epWtdj;jp

gbj;Jf;nfhz;bUe;j NghJ FUef

Uf;F xt;nthUehSk; NghNtd;> jhHr;

rhiyap tiy fha itj;jpUg;ghH

fs;. mNefkhd fhiyfsp ahuhtJ

,uz;L ngz;fs; rj;jkhfr; rz;il

gpbj;jgbapUg;ghHfs;. elf;Fk; rz;

iliar; Rw;wp ngbas; rpupg;ghHfs;.

Foe;ijfs; fhYf;fhYk; ifAf;fhYk;

Xbj;jpupthHfs;. gpwF> kj;jpahdk;

jpUk;gpg; NghFk; NghJ mNj ,uz;L

NgUk; xUtUf;nfhUtH Ngd; ghHj;

Jf;nfhz;bUg;ghHfs;. gs;spf;$lk;

Kba tUk; rpd;dg; ngbas; Gl;

Nghiy cijj;Jf;nfhz;L kio ePup

ePe;JthHfs;. mLf;Fkhbf; FbapUg;

Gfs;. xNu fyH tPLfs;. GJ tU\k;>

tp[a;> m[pj; gpwe;j ehs; vyhk;

fis fl;Lk;. ngUk;ghyhd tPLfspd;

Kd; ngupa nghf;]; itj;Jg; ghl;Lg;

NghLthHfs;. mtHfspd; urid tpj;

jpahrkhdJ. vg;nghOJk; ‘Fk; Fk;

nkd;W’ mjpUk; ghlfsh ,uit

Ak; gfiyAk; njwpf;f tpLthHfs;.

,g;gbahd Cup> me;jr; R+oypYs;s

ngUk;ghyhd gs;spf;$lq;fsp jhd;

mtHfs; gbg;ghHfs;> mjw;F Nk

nfhQ;rk; mjpfk; gbj;J Kd;NdWg

tHfs; FiwT. mg;gbNa ftp uPjp

ap Kd;Df;F tUgtHfs;> jkJ r%f

milahsj;ij kiwj;J> me;j r%

fj;ijf;iftpl;L jq;fis Nkd;epiy

ahf;fk; nra;fpd;wdH.

r%f tpLjiynad;gJ> vyh tif

ahd jisfspypUe;Jk; tpLjiy ngW

tJ jhd;. r%f ePjpAs;s xU r%fj;

ijf; fdT fhZk; <oj;jkpoHfspil

ap xU mk;Ngj;fhH cUthftpiy

nad;gJ vj;jid ngupa ,og;G. jkp

vjpHg;gpd; nfhz;lhl;lk;T‘ - fpuprhe; -

njhlu;jy; 51k; gf;fk;

www.noolaham.org

jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 51 -

of rhjpa epytuq;fisAk; mjd;

nfhLikfisAk;Ngh ,q;Nf nfhL

ikfs; rw;Wf; Fiwntd;whYk; ,q;fp

Ug;gJ kl;Lk; Nahf;fpakhd epytu

ky. gbj;jnthU r%fk; ,jd; fl;

LfspypUe;J tpopj;njOk; fhyk; tu

Ntz;Lk;.

*‘The Casteless collective’ epfo;r;rpia

KOtJk; ghHj;j NghJ> xNu Neuj;jp

xLf;fg;gLk; kf;fspd; Jaupd; Fuyh

fTk; vjpHg;gpd; nfhz;lhl;lkhfTk;

epfo;T khwpapUe;jJ.

mjpfhuj;jpw;nfjpuhdJk; xLf;FjYf;

nfjpuhdJk; Fuyp rpy tpj;jpahrq;

fs; cz;L. cjhuzk; kj;jpajutHf;f

Fuyp r%f khw;wj;ijAk; Rarpe;jid

iaAk; ghLj> Fuq;fd; ,irf;FO

vdf;F kpfg;gpbj;jkhdnjhU FO.

Mdh mtHfspd; fUj;jpa m

yJ Fuypd; ‘jd;dpiy’ vd;gJ vjpHg;

gpd; Fuypiy. mit ,e;j r%fj;

jp ,Uf;Fk; Rarpe;jidapd;ikia

njhlHe;J Nfyp nra;Ak; myJ rpe;

jpf;fr; nrhYk; ghlfs;.

‘CNu ifnfhl;b rpupr;rh ehDk; ifnfhl;b rpupg;gd;CNu nfzj;Jf;Fs;s Fjpr;rh ehDk; fz;iz %b Fjpg;gd;

Rakh cl;f;fhHe;J Nahrpf;f ahUf;F NeukpUf;F...’

NfypAk; Nfs;tpAkha;> kj;jpajutHf;

fj;Jld; jdJ ciuahliy epfo;j;J

fpwJ ,e;jg; ghl. ‘jz;zp ,J

jhd;...’> ‘Rje;jpuk; xU lg;gh> ,e;j

ehY Rtj;Jf;Fs;s...’ Nghd;w ghlf

spYk; jj;JthHj;j kw;Wk; kj;jpaju

tHf;f tho;tpd; miyr;rfSf;Fs;

cs;s Rarpe;jidapd;ikiaNa

njhlHe;Jk; ‘NfgH thRfp’ ghLfpwhH.

,d;ndhU ntspap> tpspk;G epiy

kf;fspd; mryhd Fufs; ghLk;

NghJ> me;jf; fijf;Fk; me;j epah

aj;jpw;Fk; me;jf; Nfs;tpf;Fk; ,Uf;

Fk; vil vd;gJ mtHfs; jiyKiw

jiyKiwaha; mDgtpj;j JaH. xt;

nthU ghlypYk; neQ;R miye;J

mkpo;e;jJ.

‘fhY &gh Jl;Ld;dhYk;

ftHkz;L Jl;Ld;D

CU Gyh Rj;JNwz;lh

gPa thup nfhl;bd;D

kf;fpg;Nghd Fg;igd;dhYk;

thUNtz;lh lf;Fd;D

mg;gj;jhz;lh nrhYtPq;f

ePq;f ,j rpl;bd;D’

iffsh kyks;Sk; njhopyhsHfspd;

tho;f;ifiar; rpj;jupf;Fk; ,e;jg;ghl

Yk;> mjw;F epfo;r;rpap mtHfs;

itf;Fk; Kd;nrhYk; Kf;fpakhdit.

jpt;tpa ghujpapd; ‘ff;$];’ Mtzg;

glk; cUthf;fpa ghjpg;G kpf Mo

khdJ. Kfj;jp rhl;ilah mbj;J>

kdpjHfis ifah kyks;s tpl;L

tpl;L ePq;fs; vd;d nra;fpwPHfs; vd;W

Nfl;lJ mJ. ghliyf; Nfl;Fk; NghJ

me;j Mtzg;glj;jp te;j Kfq;f

Sk; mtHfspd; fijfSk; fz;zPupd;

CNl fiye;J kq;fyhfj; Njhd;wp

aJ.

(aho;g;ghzj;jpYk; tPjp $l;Lk;> Jg;g

uT nra;Ak; njhopyhsHfsp ngUk;

ghdikahdtHfs; xLf;fg;gl;l rhjpf

isr; NrHe;jtHfNs. mtHfspd; tho;f;

ifia ehk; vd;whtJ ghHf;fpNwhNkh?

Vd; vq;fsh ghHf;f Kbatpiy.

Vd; vq;fsh mtHfspd; Fuiyf;

Nfl;f Kbatpiy? vd;gij ehk;

czHe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.)

tpspk;G epiy kf;fspd; fhj> Vw;f

dNt r%fj;jp cs;s Gdpj gpk;gq;f

Sf;F khw;whdJ. Mdh Gjpa Fzk;>

Gjpa gutrk;. gj;jpupifahsH re;jpg;

gp mwpKfg; ghlfs; JZf;Ffsh

fg; ghbapUe;jdH. mjp ,irthzp

apd; ,e;jg; ghl;il ,UgJ Kiw

jpUk;gj; jpUk;gf; Nfl;L tpl;Nld;. Js;

Sk; capupd; fhj mJ.

‘V fUg;Gf;FyhfkUf;fl;Lrpl;bapy cd;idj; njhl;Lcjl;lofp xl;bg;Nghdd; cd;dhy

V ghAk; Gyp ; gJq;Fk; ehfk;topatpl;lh xJq;fpg; NghFk;vd;ndd;dNkh gz;ZwpNa jd;dhy’

,irthzp Nghd;W ,d;Dk; NtW

ngz; ghlfHfs; ,irf;FOtpw;Fs;

cs;sPHf;fg;glNtz;Lk;. ngz; fhdhg;

ghlfHfisf; fz;Lgpbg;gJ f\;lkhf

,Uf;fpwnjd;whH uQ;rpj;. jkpo; r%fj;

jp ngz;fs; ntspNa nrd;W ,uTf

sp ghlfs; ghLtjp cs;s rpukq;

fisg; gw;wp xU NeHfhzyp ,ir

thzpAk; Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jhH.

Muk;gj;jp Fwpg;gpl;l ‘gz;ghl;L

murpa epfo;T’ vd;gjid rw;W

tpsf;fkhfg; ghHf;fyhk;. murpa

tpopg;Gs;s fiy myJ NeHikahd

murpaiy Kd;itf;fg; gad;gLj;Jk;

fiynad;gtw;Wf;F> mwpjypd; nfhz;

lhl;lk; ,Uf;fpwJ. mJ xNu Neuj;

jp nfhz;lhl;lkhAk; vjpHg;gpd; tb

tkhAk; ,Uf;Fk;. ,jid ‘fhHdpnt

y];f;’ vd;w mwpthHe;j vjpHg;G tb

tj;Jld; njhlHGgLj;jpg; ghHf;fyhk;.

[ypf;fl;Lf;F Mjuthdij vOr;rp

fhHdpnty];f;fpd; mj;jid jd;ik

Ak; nghUe;jpanthU epfo;T. ,e;j

RahjPd ,irf;FO cUthf;fk; ‘mu

rpa’ vd;w njspthd tbtj;ij Kd;

dpWj;jpa mwpthHe;j / tpopg;Gw;w xU

cUthf;fk;. ghlfsp njhdpf;Fk;

NfypAk; mjpfhu vjpHg;Gk; fhHdpnt

y];f;fpd; $Wfs; jhd;.

‘Rje;jpuk;> rkj;Jtk;> rNfhjuj;Jtk;’

vd;w khngUk; khDlf; fdit Nehf;

fpNa midj;Jg; Ngupaf;fq;fSk; r%f

mwq;fs; gw;wpa ciuahlYk; efH

fpd;wd. ,e;j %d;Wk; ,e;j ,irf;

FOtpd; ghlfsp ntspg;gl;L

efHe;J xt;nthUtiuAk; nrd;W jO

tpf;nfhs;tij ghHf;f KbfpwJ.

‘ehq;f gpshl;ghuk; vq;f epyk vg;g

khWk;’> ‘th nrhd;d tl nrd;id’>

‘fwp...’ Nghd;w ghlfs; mw;Gjq;fs;.

epfo;r;rpiag; ghHj;Jf;nfhz;L efUk;

NghJ mNefk; NgH> fjpiuap ,Ue;J

if jl;bf;nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. ,Wjp

apjhd; tsHe;jtHfs; gyH Mlj;

njhlq;fpdH. Mdh> rpWtHfs; njhlf;

fk; KjNy ,irf;F Mbf;nfhz;bUe;

jdH. xU jha; jd;id kwe;J me;jf;

$l;lj;jp Kfnkyhk; rpupg;ghf VNjh

nthU fhyj;jpd; me;jj;jpw;Fr; nrd;W

Mbf;nfhz;bUe;jhH. giw> Njhyp

gpwe;j ,ir. ,ilap> xU ghl

Yf;F njhiyNgrpap cs;s tpsf;F

fis xsputpl;Lf; iffis mirf;

Fk;gb Nfl;ldH. nkupdhtp epfo;e;j

me;j xspaiytupir xU vjpHg;gpd;

tbtk; vd;wh> ,q;F epfo;e;j xsp

airg;G> Vw;gpd; tbtk;. mtHfspd;

fijfisAk; mtHfspd; r%f ePjpia

Ak; Vw;Wf;nfhz;ljw;fhd FwpaPl;L

mirT. r%fj;jpd; NgupUspw;Fs;

tpOk; ntspr;rj;jpd; fPw;Wfs;.

kirishanth@thaiveedu.com

vjpHg;gpd;...50k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...

- 52 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

fhl;rp 1(,uT 10:00 - R+k; Jtf;fg;gLfpwJ)

FztHj;jdh: tzf;fk;> JjH miydh!

miydh: tzf;fk;> mikr;rH FztHj;jdh!

FztHj;jdh: vg;gpbr; Rfk;> mk;kzp?

miydh: VNjh> ,Uf;fpwd;> mikr;rNu! cq;fil ghnld;d?

FztHj;jdh: guthapiy… fz;izr; Rol;LJ> mk;kzp!

miydh: vdf;F NeHkhW> mikr;rNu! ehd; vd;Dk; nfhOk;G Neuj;Jf;F

khNwiy!

FztHj;jdh: ePq;fs; Nghd Ml;rpapiy te;jdPq;fs; vNyh? vd;Dk; khNw

iyNah?

miydh: ehd; mjpgH xghkh Ml;rpapiy tNuiyNa> mjpgH ‘JUk;G’

Ml;rpaiy jhNd te;jdhd;!

FztHj;jdh: ehd; ,Q;ir vq;fil Ml;rpkhw;wj;ijr; nrhd;dd;!

miydh: ml> mg;gpbNa? Neukhwhl;lj;Njhil ,lkhwhl;lKk; NrHe;J

vd;idj; jpg;gpyp Ml;LJ?

FztHj;jdh: Fiwief;f Ntz;lhk;> miydh> cq;fSf;F Ms;khwhl;lKk;

,Uf;F?

miydh: vd;d?

FztHj;jdh: Rke;jpuDf;F jilahiz gpwg;gpf;fpwij tpl;Ll;L> rHNte;jpuh

Tf;F gpwg;gpr;rpUf;fpwpas;!

miydh: ,njd;d ,oT?

FztHj;jdh: ,jpiy xU ,oTkpiy> miydh! xUtH Fw;wQ;nra;jh>

Kiwg;ghL nra;jtiuj;jhd; ifJnra;J jz;bf;f NtZk;.

miydh: vdf;Fj; jiyiar; Rj;JJ> mikr;rH FztHj;jdh!

FztHj;jdh: miydh> xU Jjufg; gzpahsH jd;id csTg;gil miyf;

fopg;gjhf Kiwg;ghL nra;jh> me;jg; gzpahsiuf; ifJ

nra;J> tprhupr;R> jz;bf;fNtZk;.

miydh: vdf;F Ntiw cyfj;jpiy ,Uf;fpw khjpupf; fplf;F!

FztHj;jdh: ,iy> miydh> ePq;fs; ,e;j cyfj;jpiyjhd; ,Uf;fpwpas;.

NtZnkz;lh ,e;j cyfk; cq;fSf;F gpbgNliy vz;L

nrhYq;Nfh!

miydh: cz;ikjhd;> mikr;rNu> ,e;j cyfk; vdf;Fg; gpbgNliy!

FztHj;jdh: mJ tbthj; njupAJ. KjyhtJ> kw;w epwj;J Ml;fspd; MHg;

ghl;lj;jpiy cq;fil epwj;J Ml;fSf;F vd;d Ntiy? ,uz;

lhtJ> gtNyhtpiy me;j nts;isf; fpotid me;j nts;isf;

fhtJiwahl;fs; js;sp tpOj;jp> fpotDf;F kz;il cilQ;R>

FUjp ghNaf;if ePq;fs; cldbah me;jf; fpotidf; ifJ

nra;J> tprhupr;R jz;bf;fpwij tpl;Ll;L> ghtk; me;jf; fht

Jiwahl;fs; ,uz;L NgiuAk; Ntiyahiy jl;b> ifJnra;J>

tof;F itr;rpUf;fpwpas;! mjpiy njupAJ> cq;fSf;F cyfk;

gpbgNliy vz;L!

miydh: rupahg; Nghr;R!

FztHj;jdh: kdpj cupikas; vz;L nfLgpb nra;fpw Ml;fisg; gpbr;R

cs;Sf;if js;sNtZk;.

miydh: kdpj cupikais kPwpd Ml;fisg; gjtpapiy mkj;jNtZk;!

mikr;rH FztHj;jdh -

JjH miydh ciuahl- fhkpdp Nfhgyth

jkpohf;fk;: vk;.v.vr;. nkhfpjPd;

njhlu;jy; 53k; gf;fk;

jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 53 -

FztHj;jdh: jl;bf;Nfshj ClfHfisj; jl;bf;FLf;f NtZk;.

miydh: jl;bf;Nfl;fpw ClfHfis jPHj;Jf;fl;lNtZk;!

FztHj;jdh: ehd; n[dPthtpiy nrhd;d khjpup> ehq;fs; kw;w ,dj;jpd; kPJ

kdpjhgpkhdk; nfhz;L mtHfis gaq;futhjj;jpypUe;J tpLtpf;

fg; Nghuhb ntw;wpngw;wtHfs;.

miydh: ,uz;L jug;GfSk; NghHf;Fw;wk; Gupe;jjhf I.eh. Fw;wQ;rhl;b

As;sNj!

FztHj;jdh: kw;wj; jug;G nra;jJf;F Mjhuk; ,Uf;F. ehq;fs; nra;jJf;F

vd;d Mjhuk;?

miydh: mikr;rNu> ,uz;L jug;GfSk; kdpj cupikfis kPwpajhf

Kiwg;ghLk; Fw;wr;rhl;Lk; Kd;itf;fg;gl;bUf;Nf!

FztHj;jdh: vq;fs;kPJ itf;fg;gl;l Fw;wr;rhl;il ehq;fs; kWf;fpNwhk;>

epuhfupf;fpNwhk;.

miydh: MfNt xU tprhuiz NjitjhNd!

FztHj;jdh: ehq;fNsh vq;fil gilfNsh NghHf;Fw;wk; GupatpiyNa

miydh! vq;fs;kPJ gpwnfd;d tprhuiz?

miydh: ,uz;L jug;GfshYk; NghHf;Fw;wk; Gupag;gl;ljh ,iyah vd;

gij xU tprhuiz %ykhfj;jhNd fz;lwpayhk;! ePq;fs; Fw;w

thspfs; my vd;W vg;gpb Kd;$l;bNa jPHg;gspf;f KbAk;?

Ml;rpahsuh ePjpkd;wkh jPHg;gspg;gJ? kw;wj; jug;gpd;kPJ Rkj;

jg;gl;l Fw;wr;rhl;il kw;wj;jug;gpd; ePjpkd;W tprhupf;f ePq;fs; rk;

kjpg;gPHfsh? mg;g cq;fs; jug;gpd;kPJ Rkj;jg;gl;l Fw;wr;rhl;il

cq;fs; ePjpkd;wk; tprhupf;f kw;wj; jug;G rk;kjpf;Fkh? Mdgb

ahjhd; rHtNja ePjpkd;w tprhuiz Nfhug;gl;lJ. mJf;F

ePq;fs; kWj;jgbah> nghJeytha rl;l kjpAiuQHfspd; gq;

fspg;Gld; cs;ehl;L tprhuizf;F Ke;jpa muR cld;gl;lJ.

ePq;fs; n[dPthTf;Fg; Ngha; mijAk; epuhfupj;Jg;Nghl;L> mijf;

Fwpr;R cq;fil ,izaj;jsj;jpiy ngUikabr;rpUf;fpwPHfs;.

FztHj;jdh: rHtNja ePjpkd;wj;ij xU rl;ltpNuhj ePjpkd;wk; vz;Lk;> I.eh.

kdpj cupik kd;wj;ij xU fopTf;Fop vz;Lk; ePq;fs; Jw;Wfpw

khjpupj;jhd; ehq;fSk; Jw;WfpNwhk;. MfNt ehq;fs; ,uz;L

NgUk; xU gf;fk; myth?!

miydh: vq;fil kj;jpa murpd; ntspAwTf; nfhs;iff;Fk;> ntspehl;Lg;

NghHfSf;Fk; cld;ghlhd epiyg;ghL mJ. Mdh ehq;fs;

cs;ehl;Lg; NghH elj;Njiy. vq;fs; ehl;b fUg;gpdj;jtH kPJ

ehq;fs; NghHnjhLf;Nfiy. ePq;fs; cs;ehl;Lg; NghH Gupe;jtH

fs;. cq;fs; ehl;L kf;fs; kPJ gilnaLj;J> rd;ilg;gl;ltHfs;.

ePq;fSk; ehq;fSk; xU gf;fk; vz;L nrhy KbahJ.

FztHj;jdh: miydh> cq;fs; fhjp ,dpf;Fk; nra;jp xz;L: cq;fil kw;w

epwj;jtHfSf;F Mjuthf ,Q;ir cq;fil Jjufj;Jf;F Kd;

dhiy ele;j MHg;ghl;lj;ijf; Fog;gp> rk;ge;jg;gl;l Ml;fisf;

ifJnra;jpUf;fpNwhk;!

miydh: Vd; Fog;gpdPHfs;? Vd; ifJnra;jPHfs;?

FztHj;jdh: nfhwdh tpjpfis kPwp elf;Fk; MHg;ghl;lk; vz;lgbah> ePjp

kd;wj;jplk; jilAj;juT thq;fp itr;rpUe;J...

miydh: Rje;jpukhf ,aq;Fk; ePjpkd;wk; vz;lh> nfhwdh tpjpfSf;F

mikthf MHg;ghl;lk; nra;ayhk; vz;Ljhd; nrhypapUf;Fk;.

Nghfl;Lk;! mij ehd; ghHj;Njd;. cq;fil fhtJiwjhd;

nfhwdh tpjpfis kPwpapUf;fpwJ. ,uz;L kPl;lH Mspilntspia

kPwp xU thfdj;jp mtHfis milQ;Rnfhz;L NghapUf;fpwPH

fs;. me;jg; nghk;gpisia epyj;jp tpOj;jp nfhwnfhwntz;L

,Oj;Jf;nfhz;LNgha; Vj;jpapUf;fpwpas;.

FztHj;jdh: vq;fil fhtJiw rl;lj;ijAk; xOq;ifAk; eilKiwg;gLj;jp

apUf;fpwJ.

miydh: mij tprhupf;fNtZk; vz;L cq;fil ehk Nfl;bUf;fpwhNu!

thRNjth Fiw$wpapUf;fpwhNu!

FztHj;jdh: jhq;fs; gpiotpNliy vz;L fhtJiw nrhypapUf;Nf!

miydh: fhtJiw kPJ Rkj;jg;gl;l Fw;wr;rhl;il fhtJiw kWj;jT

ld;> gilfs; kPJ Rkj;jg;gl;l Fw;wr;rhl;il gilfs; kWj;jTld;>

Ml;rpahsH kPJ Rkj;jg;gl;l Fw;wr;rhl;il Ml;rpahsH kWj;jTld;

fij KbQ;RNjh? ,jpiy xU Ntbf;if vd;ndd;lh…

FztHj;jdh: vd;ndz;lh…

miydh: ,Q;ir ,yl;rf;fzf;fpiy…

FztHj;jdh: Mapuf;fzf;fpiy…

miydh: mikr;rNu> ,g;g mnkupf;fhtpiy nrj;jJ xNunahUtHjhd;!

mjw;fhfj;jhd; cyfk; KOtJk; vyh epwj;jtHfSk; MHg;

ghl;lk; nra;fpwhHfs;. Mapuk; vz;lJ xz;iltplf; FiwNth? rup>

rup> Mapuf;fzf;fpiy nrhe;jehl;Lr; rNfhjuq;fs; nrj;jnghOJ

njw;fp vtUNk MHg;ghl;lk; nra;atpiyNa! ehkNyh> thR

NjthNth mDjhgk; $lj; njuptpf;ftpiyNa! ,g;g fhtJiw

nrhYw khjpup ,it vNyhUk; Ke;jp xz;L$b epz;L> mu

rhq;fNkh gilfNsh gpiotpNliy> MfNt tprhuiz vz;l

Ngr;Rf;Nf ,lkpiy vz;L Kof;fk; ,l;lhHfNs! MfNt cz;

ikap ,tHfs; vyhUk; ,dthjpfs; myth?> re;jHg;gthjp

fs; myth?

FztHj;jdh: ?

miydh: ,jpiy ,d;ndhU Ntbf;if ,Uf;F> mikr;rH FztHj;jdh!

FztHj;jdh: vd;d?

miydh: kw;w nkhopap ,aq;Fk; xUrpy muRrhHG Clfq;fs; ,e;j

MHg;ghl;lq;fis vyhk; ngupJgLj;jp mkHf;fsg;gLj;Jk;.

Mdh jq;fs; cld;gpwg;Gfs; ,yl;rf; fzf;fp…

FztHj;jdh: Mapuf;fzf;fp…

miydh: nfhiyAz;lijg; gw;wp mit myl;bf;nfhs;tjpiy! capupog;

GfisAk;> cilikaopg;GfisAk;> cupikkPwfisAk;> Ml;rp

ahsupd; mlhtbfisAk;> gilfspd; nfhLikfisAk; vjpHj;J

njw;fp Vd; MHg;ghl;lk; elg;gjpiy vz;l Nfs;tpia vOg;

Gtjpiy. mePjpfisAk; mepahaq;fisAk; mk;gyg;gLj;Jk;

jk;kpdj; jiytHfis rhjpntwpaHfs;> Kjyhspj;Jtthjpfs;>

gpw;Nghf;Fthjpfs;> Vfhjpgj;jpathjpfs; vz;nlyhk; rhLk;…

(R+k; Xa;fpwJ)

fhl;rp: 2(R+k; Jtf;fg;gLfpwJ)

FztHj;jdh: miydh> Nghd fpoik khspfhtj;ijapiy…

miydh: xU ts;siyf; ifJnra;J tof;F itr;rpUf;fpwpas;.

FztHj;jdh: mtH nfhwdh tpjpia kPwpa Fw;wj;ijAk;> %z;L ngz;fisr;

rhfbr;r Fw;wj;ijAk; Gupe;jtH myth?

miydh: mtH rhfbr;rtNuh? cz;ikahd fhuzk; mJty> mikr;rH

FztHj;jdh! capiuf; FLj;J IEW &ghNth> Mapuk; &ghNth

thq;fNtz;ba R+o;epiy mk;gykhdJjhd; cz;ikahd fhuzk;.

mtH xz;Lk; mk;gyg;gLj;Njiy> ,Q;ir cs;s R+o;epiy

jhdhfNt mk;gyg;gl;bUf;F. mjw;F me;j ts;siyg; gopthq;fp

apUf;fpwPHfs;.

FztHj;jdh: ahiug; gpbr;R milf;fNtZk; vz;lij vLj;Jf;fhl;lNt me;j

Mspd; ifijr; nrhy te;Njd;. kw;w ,dj;J> rkaj;J ,sk;

ngz;fis vq;fil FUkhNuh> gilahNsh jPz;bdh> me;jg;

ngz;fisj;jhd; ifJnra;J> tof;F itr;R jz;bf;f NtZk;.

jz;br;R tUfpNwhk;. vk;ktHkPJ ifitf;fg;glhJ. mjhtJ> ePq;

fs; kw;w epwj;jtHfisj;jhd; jz;bf;fNtZk;. cq;fs; epwj;jtHf

isj; jz;bf;ff; $lhJ.

miydh: mg;gbah? ePq;fs; KOg;NgUk; njhz;lkhd; tpraj;jpiy Kz;b

abr;rPq;fs;. mJ ,uq;fYf;fhfNth myJ NjHjYf;ffNth vz;

lJ NtW fij. nfhwdh tpjpg;gb ePq;fs; xUtUk; ifJnra;ag;

gltpiyNa!

FztHj;jdh: k;… mJ vdf;Fj; njupahJ> miydh! vz;lhYk; xU tpraj;jpiy

ePq;fSk; ehq;fSk; ts;sprh Ntiyiaf; nfhz;LNghwk;…

miydh: ve;j tpraj;jpiy?

FztHj;jdh: cq;fil nghl;Lf;NfLfis mk;gyg;gLj;jpd rpNdhlidAk;

mrhQ;NriaAk; ePq;fs; nfhLikg;gLj;jpw khjpup vq;fil tz;l

thsq;fis gpl;Litr;r uhkehaf;fhit ehq;fs; nfhLikg;gLj;

Jwk;. mg;gpbj;jhd; vyh mYtfisAk; ehq;fs; ghf;fNtZk;.

mjhtJ Fw;wQ;rhl;LNthUf;Fk;> Kiwg;ghL nra;NthUf;Fk; jhd;

,yf;F itf;fNtZk;. xUfhyKk; Fw;wthspfSf;F> Co

NgHtopfSf;F> NkhrbahsHfSf;F> mjhtJ vk;ktHf;F ehq;fNs

,yf;F itf;ff; $lhJ.

miydh: vq;if Ngha; Kl;l?

FztHj;jdh: ePq;fs; vq;if Ngha; Kl;bdhYk;> fhtJiwapiy Ngha; Kl;lf;

$lhJ! Kl;bdgbahjhd; cq;fil gtNyhtpiy 57 fhtJiw

ahl;fs; Ntiyia tpl;L tpyfpdtq;fs;! kw;w Kg;gilfSf;Fk;

,J nghUe;Jk;> mk;kzp!

miydh: vd;d?

FztHj;jdh: jiu> thd;> flw;gilfisr; nrhd;Ndd;.

miydh: vq;fspl;il Ik;gilfs; ,Uf;F> mikr;rNu!

njhlu;jy; 53k; gf;fk;

52k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...

- 54 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

FztHj;jdh: vg;gpb> mk;kzp? vyh ehLfspYk; Kg;gilfNshil fhtg

iliar; NrHj;jh nkhj;jk; ehYjhNd!

miydh: ehq;fs; fpl;lbapiy mikr;r tpz;gilia kwe;J NghdpaNsh?

FztHj;jdh: ehrkhg; Nghr;R! mg;g mJ cz;ikjhd;! mz;ilf;F fij

Nahil fijah Muparpq;fh nrhd;dij ehd; fhjpiy thq;

Nfiy. ml…! mg;gpbNa rq;fjp? vz;lhYk; kw;w ,uz;L NgUk;

Rk;kh tplkhl;lhq;fs;!

miydh: ve;j ,uz;L NgUk;?

FztHj;jdh: mij tpLtk;> miydh! ehd; Rk;kh nrhd;ddhd;. Kjiy ePq;

fs; Ntiw epwj;J Ml;fis…

miydh: Ntiw fijf;Fg; NghfKj… me;j kw;wit ,uz;L NgUk; vz;L

ePq;fs; nrhd;dJ G+l;bidAk;> rp-gpq;ifAk; jhNd?

FztHj;jdh: ehd; Rk;kh xU fijf;Fr; nrhd;ddhd;> miydh! mij tpLtk;!

miydh: ePq;fs; fijtplyhk;> ehd; tplf;$lhNjh?

FztHj;jdh: vupr;rgl Ntz;lhk;> miydh! ehd; mijg;gw;wp tha; jpwf;

Nfiy> ePq;fs; mijf; fhjpiy tpOj;Njiy vz;L itr;

Rf;nfhs;Stk;! mJjhd; rhzf;fpak;.

miydh: ,e;j tpraj;jpiy ePq;fSk; Ntiw cyfj;jpiyjhd; ,Uf;fpwpas;

Nghy!

FztHj;jdh: ve;j tpraj;jpiy> miydh?

miydh: cq;fSf;Fj; njupAe;jhNd ,e;j cyfj;jpiy me;juq;f ciu

ahlYf;F ,lkpiy vz;L!

FztHj;jdh: mg;gpbj;jhd; Muparpq;fh nrhyf; Nfs;tp!

miydh: mg;g vq;fil ciuahlYk; xl;Lf;Nfl;fg;gLk; vz;L njupAe;

jhNd!

FztHj;jdh: Muhiy?

miydh: mbalh Gwg;gliyapiy!

FztHj;jdh: ehq;fs; xU nts;is thdpiy Ngha; gliy> rq;flk;> fjT>

ad;dfisg; gpLq;fp vwpQ;RNghl;L> tPl;Lf;Fs;is Nghw

NgHtopfs;> mk;kzp! Rk;kh Gwg;glyapiy mbr;Rg;Nghl;L tpy

fpw Ml;fs; ,iy! ehq;fs; uhkehaf;fh tPl;il Nghd tpjj;ij

cyfk; KOtJk; fhl;bdtq;fs; vz;L ,Q;ir fijr;rtq;fs;.

ePq;fs; ghf;NfiyNah?

miydh: ghj;jd;> mikr;rNu> ghj;J kiyr;rd;! mnjd;d> Ntiw epwj;J

Ml;fis... vz;L VNjh nrhyj; Jtq;fpdpas;?

FztHj;jdh: Xk;> ehd; nrhyj; Jtq;f ePq;fs; ,ilkwpr;R cq;fil tapj;

njupr;riyf; nfhl;bdPq;fs;! ePq;fs; Ntiw epwj;J Ml;fisg;

gilfSf;Fr; NrHf;ff; $lhJ!

miydh: fpl;lbapiy cq;fil epwj;J Ms; xUj;jidr; NrHj;jpUf;fpwk;!

mJ gpioNah?

FztHj;jdh: Xk;> ,Q;ir Nfs;tpg;gl;ld;. mJ jpwkhd tpjptpyf;F! ,g;g

ehq;fSk; tpjptpyf;F itr;rpUf;fpwk;. vq;fil ,dk;> nkhop> rk

aj;ijr; Nruhj xUtiu ifg;gzp mikr;ruha; myJ fheil

mikr;ruha; NghLtk; khfhz MSeuha; myJ kj;jpa tq;fp

MSeuha;> cq;fis Nghy xU Jjuha;> NjHj Miza

cWg;gpduha;> gfiyf;fof Jiz Nte;juha;... NghLtk;…

miydh: tpjptpyf;fhf!

FztHj;jdh: Xk;> tpjptpyf;fhf R+upaH> fjpH> uhjh... Nghy kw;w ,dj;Jg;

Nghypf; ftpkhd;fis gjtpapiy mkj;Jtk;. mtHfSs; xU

Nghypg; Gyikahsiu kdpj cupik mikg;Gf;F nghWg;ghf

mkj;jp> ,Q;ir kdpj cupik fl;bf;fhf;fg;gLtjhf mtiuf;

nfhz;Nl ntspAyfj;Jf;Fr; nrhYtpg;gk;.

miydh: cij milahsg; Nghyp vz;L gbr;rpUf;fpwd;!

FztHj;jdh: vij?

miydh: ePq;fs; FLf;fpw milahsg; gjtpfis!

FztHj;jdh: mJ rhzf;fpak; myth?

miydh: Xk;> rhzf;fpak; ,yhk Ntiw vd;d? mtHfis ntspehL

fSf;Fk;> I.eh.Tf;Fk;> n[dPthTf;Fk; mDg;gp ,Q;ir ,d> kj>

nkhop Ngjk; ,iy vz;L mtHfSila thahiyNa nrh

Ytpf;fpwJ rhzf;fpak; ,yhk Ntiw vd;d?

FztHj;jdh: me;j rhzf;fpaj;ij vg;gpb milahsg; Nghyp vz;L rhlKbAk;?

cq;fil Ik;gilfSf;Fk; ePq;fs; kw;w epwj;J Ml;fisr; NrHj;

jpUf;ff; $lhJ.

miydh: ehq;fs; cq;fspl;il ghlk; gbf;f Ntz;bf; fplf;F!

FztHj;jdh: miydh> vq;fil MisNa kw;wr; rkaj;Jf;F myJ nkhopf;F

mikr;ruha; mkj;jp rhjid gilr;r tuyhW vq;fSf;F ,Uf;F>

miydh!

miydh: rhjid!

FztHj;jdh: vdf;F Ke;jp NguhrpupaH gPupR mij fpd;NdH]; Vl;b nghwpf;f

vt;tsNth ghLgl;ltH! cq;fil Ml;fs; tpNliy!

miydh: ml!

FztHj;jdh: vq;fil Kg;gilfSf;Fk; Ntiw Ml;fis ehq;fs; NrHg;g

jpiy. fhtJiwf;F mg;gpbAk; ,g;gpbAkha; xUrpyiu...

miydh: tpjptpyf;fhf Gj;jiu khj;jpuk; ePq;fs; mgfupf;Fk; ,lq;fsp

vyhk; epiyepWj;jp tUfpwPHfs;!

FztHj;jdh: vq;fil gilapdH 99 tpOf;fhL ngsj;jHfs;jhNd> miydh!

miydh: Xk;> mJ njupQ;r rq;fjp> mikr;rNu! Nghfl;Lk;! Gj;jH cq;fil

,dj;jtNuh?

FztHj;jdh: ?

miydh: kw;w ,dq;fs; trpf;Fk; fhzpfsp ePq;fs; jpwf;Fk; gilKfhq;

fspd; Kfg;gp tpfhiufs; khj;jpuNk fpsk;Gfpd;wd. NfhapNyh>

kR+jpNah> NjthyaNkh fpsk;gpaJz;lh? cq;fil gilfs; m

yJ mtHfs; Kd;dpiyap cq;fil rkaf;FUkhH kw;wr; rkaf;

FUkhiu fz;zhb gwf;fj; jhf;f KbfpwNj! kw;wr; rkaj;jtupd;

Nfhaptsit ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jilAj;juitAk; kPwp> cq;fs; FU

khupd; ,Lfhlhf;f KbfpwNj! mtHfs; ifJnra;ag;gLtNjh>

tprhuiz nra;ag;gLtNjh> ,iyNa!

FztHj;jdh: ?

miydh: cq;fSf;F M];jpNuypahitg; gpbf;Fk; vz;L ief;fpwd;.

FztHj;jdh: Xk;> miydh> M];jpNuypa gpujkiuAk; vq;fSf;F kpfTk; gpbf;

Fk;.

miydh: ehd; njhiyf;fhl;rpap ghHj;Njd;. mtH ClfHfspd; Nfs;tp

fSf;F kWnkhop nrhypf; nfhz;bUe;jhH. mq;Nf xU tPl;L

Kw;wj;Jg; Gjiuapd; kPJ rpy ClfHfs; epd;W Nfl;Lf;nfhz;Lk;

glk;gpbj;Jf;nfhz;Lk; ,Ue;jhHfs;. mg;nghOJ me;j tPl;Lf;fhuH

ntspNa te;J gpujkiuAk; ClfHfisAk; jdJ Gjiuia

tpl;L mg;gh efUk;gb gzpj;jhH. mjw;fika gpujkUk; ClfH

fSk; Gjiuia tpl;L tpyfpdhHfs;.

FztHj;jdh: mg;gbah?

miydh: ,Q;ir ,e;j ehl;biy epiyik vjpHkhW. cq;fil gilfSk;

Ml;fSk; kw;w ,dj;jtHfspd; tPLtsTfisAk;> fhzp G+kpfis

Ak;> Njhl;lk; JuTfisAk;> fhL tafisAk; mgfupj;J itr;rp

Uf;fpwhHfs;> Nkw;nfhz;Lk; mgfupj;J tUfpwhHfs;.

FztHj;jdh: mjpiy gpio ,iy> miydh!

miydh: gpio ,iyNah?

FztHj;jdh: gpio ,iy. Vndz;lh> ,J Mupa rpq;fs ngsj;j ehL. mj;

Jld; vq;fil kjj;ij murkjk; vz;Lk;> vq;fil nkhopia

Ml;rpnkhop vz;Lk; vq;fil ahg;gpiy nrhypapUf;F.

miydh: mjd; fUj;J vd;ndz;lh> cq;fil ,dj;jtHfs; kw;w ,dj;

jtHfis tpul;babj;Jtpl;L mtHfSila fhzpG+kpfis Mf;fp

ukpf;fyhk;. mg;gbj;jhNd?

FztHj;jdh: nfhQ;rk; nghWj;Jf; fijg;gNkh> miydh?

miydh: mJjhNd fUj;J?

FztHj;jdh: ?

Muparpq;fh: miydh> gj;J epkprk;…

miydh: Xk;> Xk;> mQ;R> gj;J epkprk;…

Muparpq;fh: gj;J epkprk;> miydh!

miydh: Xk;> gj;J epkprk;.

(R+k; Xa;fpwJ)

(njhlUk;)

52k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...

jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 55 -

- 56 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

f;fspd; epidT $uf

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khiy 5.45 kzpastp ,lk;ngw;w

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“

”

jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 57 -

[_iy 9k; jpfjp gpd;

Nduk;. 15 tajhd

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md;W... 8tJ Fz;L tpOe;jvdJ je;ijahupd;FLk;g tPl;bd; glk;.

- 58 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

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Ntz;Lk;.

amutha.a@thaiveedu.com

jiyKiw khw;wq;fSk; jha;nkhopf;ftpAk;mKjh

md;gofd; --G

www.noolaham.org

jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 59 -

- 60 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

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,jd; %yk; mtUila fhyj;jpNyNa

gytifahd Xir tpfw;gKila

nra;As; eilfs; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJk;

njupa tUfpwJ. tz;zk; vd;gJ

nra;Aspd; eilapa fUj;JfNshL

mikfpd;wJ vd;fpd;w NguhrpupaH

Re;ju%Hj;jpapd; fUj;Jk; Vw;Gila-

jhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,dpj; njhfhg;gp

ak; $wpAs;s tz;zq;fs; xt;nthd;

iwg; gw;wpAk; ghHf;fyhk;.

ghm tz;zk;:

‘ghm tz;zk; nrhw;rPHjhfp Ew;ghw;

gapYk;’ (nra;Aspa> Ew;gh 206)

nrhNy rPuhf tUtJ nrhw;rPuhFk;.

nrh rPubahfp ,yf;fz Eyp Ew;

ghf;fshfg; gapd;W tUk;. ‘m , c

mk; %d;WQ; Rl;L’. vd;w vOj;jjpfh

uk; Ed;kuG 31tJ Ew;ghit vLj;

Jf;fhl;lhff; $wyhk;.

jhm tz;zk;:

‘jhm tz;zk; ,ilapl;L te;j vJ

ifj; jhFk;’ (nra;Aspa> Ew;gh

207). jhm tz;zk; vd;gJ nra;A

sp xU mbap vJif ,ilapl;L

mikaj; njhLf;fg;gLtjhFk;. Kjw;

rPupYk; %d;whtJ rPupYk; myJ

Kjw; rPupYk; ehd;fhtJ rPupYk; vd;W

,ilapl;L vJif tUtJ jhm

tz;zkhFk;.

‘cs;shH nfhNyh Njhop Ks;Sil’(Iq;FEW 465). ,jp Kjw; rPupYk;

ehd;fhk; rPupYk; vJif mike;Js;

sJ. ciu eilapYq;$lj; jhm

tz;zk; mika vOJtJk; NgRt

Jk; cz;L.

typir tz;zk;:

‘typir tz;zk; tnyOj;J kpFNk’(nra;Aspa> Ew;gh 208). ‘frljgw’Mfpa typd vOj;Jfs; kpFjpahfg;

gapd;W tUtJ typir tz;zkh

Fk;. fl;lis> rpdk;> tPuk; Nghd;w

fUj;Jfis ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;w ghl

fsp typir tz;zk; miktJ

rpwg;ghFk;.

‘fw;ff; frlwf; fw;git fw;wgpd; epw;f

mjw;Fj; jf’ (jpUf;Fws; 391) ,jp

typd vOj;Jfs; kpFjpahf te;Js;

sik fhzyhk;.

nkypir tz;zk;:

‘nkypir tz;zk; nknyOj;J

kpFNk’ (nra;Aspa> Ew;gh 209).

‘qQzekd’ Mfpa nkypd vOj;J

fs; kpFjpahfg; gapd;W tUtJ nk

ypir tz;zkhFk;. moF> fhj

fdpT Mfpatw;iw ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;w

ghlfis nkypir tz;zk;

mika ,aw;WtJ rpwg;ghFk;.

gQ;rpnahspH tpQ;RFspH gyt

kDq;fr;

nrQ;nrtpa fQ;repkpH rPwba shfp

mQ;nrhyps kQ;iQnad md;dnkd

kpd;Dk;

tQ;rpnad eQ;rnkd tQ;rkfs; te;

jhs;. (fk;guhkhazk;> Muzpa fhz;

lk; 255),g;ghlyp #Hg;gzif ,uh

kid Nehf;fp mofhf ele;J tU

tij nkypir tz;zj;jp mikj;j

fk;gupd; tUzid eak; ,dpik

gaf;fpwJ.

,iaG tz;zk;:

‘,iaG tz;zk; ,ilnaOj;J kpFNk’(nra;Aspa> Ew;gh 210). ‘auytos’Mfpa ,ilapd vOj;Jfs; kpFe;J

tUtJ ,iaG tz;zkhFk;.

thnts; sUtp tiukpir ,opaTk;

Nfhs;t cSit tplupil

,ak;gTk;

thSfpH cspak; tiuafk;

,irg;gTk;

Ntnyhsp tpsf;fpdH tupNd

ahNuh Njhop tho;fpw; NghNu. (ahg;g

Uq;fy tpUj;jpAiu Nkw;Nfhs;) ,g;

ghl ,ilnaOj;J kpFe;J ,iaG

tz;zj;jp ,dpikahf mike;Js;

sijf; fhzyhk;.

msngil tz;zk;

‘msngil tz;zk; msngil gap

Yk;’ (nra;Aspa> Ew;gh 211). ms

ngil gapd;W tUtJ msngil

tz;zkhFk;.

‘FbjoP,f; NfhNyhr;Rk; khepy kd;

dd; mbjoP, epw;Fk; cyF’ (jpUf;

Fws; 544) ,jp ‘joP,’ vd;w ms

ngil ,uz;L mbfspYk; te;J ms

ngil tz;zj;jp mike;Js;sijf;

fhzyhk;.

neLQ;rPH tz;zk;

‘neLQ;ePH tz;zk; nel;nlOj;Jg;

gapYk;’ (nra;Aspa Ew;gh 112).

nel;nlOj;Jfs; kpFjpahfg; gapd;W

tUtJ neLQ;rPH tz;zkhFk;.

ehZyhTk; NkUNthL ehZyhT

ghzpAk;

JZyhTk; NjhSk;thsp A+LyhT

JzpAk;

thzpyhtpd; EYyhTk; khiykhHG

kPsTk;

fhzyhFk; Mfpdhtp fhzyhF

Nknfhyhk;. (fk;guhkhazk;> ghyfhz;

lk; 795). ,g;ghlyp nel;nlOj;Jfs;

kpFjpahf mike;J mofhd Xir

ap gapd;W te;jpUg;gJ fhzyhk;.

- rp. rz;Kfuh[h -

njhfhg;gpak; - nra;Aspa - nra;As; cWg;Gfs;njh

gFjp: 3

njhlu;jy; 61k; gf;fk;

‘RkhH %thapuk; Mz;LfSf;F

Kd;djhfNt jkpo;g; GytHfs; ,f;fhyj;J

nkhopapayhsHfs; $Wk; ,yf;fpa eila-

pa $Wfs; mikar; nra;As;fs; ,aw;wpr;

rpwg;Gr; NrHj;jpUf;fpd;whHfs; vd;gijAk;>

mtHfspd; rpe;jidg; Nghf;Ffs;

,f;fhyj;Jf; ftpijfSf;Fk; ngupJk;

nghUe;jpAs;sd vd;gijAk; ghHf;Fk;NghJ

ngUkpjk; Vw;gLfpd;wJ’.

“

”

jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 61 -

FWQ;rPH tz;zk;

‘FWQ;rPH tz;zk; Fw;nwOj;Jg; gap

Yk;’(nra;aspa> Ew;gh 213). Fw;nw

Oj;Jfs; kpFjpahf mike;J tUtJ

FWQ;rPH tz;zkhFk;.

rpyk;Gfs; rpyk;gpil nrwpj;jfoNyhLk;

epyk;Gf kpjpj;jds; nespj;jFop

Ntiyr;

ryk;Gf tdw;wW fze;jfD kQ;rpg;

gpyk;Gf epiyf;fpupfs; gpd;njhlu te;

jhs;. (fk;guhkhazk;> ghyfhz;lk;>

jhlif tijg; glyk;. 388). ,g;ghl

yp Fw;nwOj;J kpFjpahfg; gapd;W

jhlif ntQ;rpdj;NjhL tUtijf;

fk;gH fhl;rpg;gLj;Jfpd;whH.

rpj;jpu tz;zk;:

‘nebaTq; FwpaTk; NeHe;Jld; tUNk’(nra;Aspa> Ew;gh 214). nel;nlOj;

Jk; Fw;nwOj;Jk; NrHe;J tUtJ rpj;

jpu tz;zk;.

mUg;Nge;jpa fyrj;Jiz

mKNje; jpakjkh

kUg;Nge;jpa ntdyhKiy

kioNae;jpa Foyhs;

fUg;Nge;jpu Kjyhapd

fz;lhsplH fhzhs;

nghUg;Nge;jpa NjhshndhL tpis

ahbds; Nghdhs;. (fk;guhkhazk;>

mNahj;jpah fhz;lk;> fq;ifg;glyk;

630) ,g;ghlyp Fw;nwOj;Jk; nel;

nlOj;Jk; rhHe;J ,dpa re;jk;

mike;J te;jpUg;gJ fhzyhk;.

eypG tz;zk;:

‘eypG tz;zk; Ma;jk; gapYk;’.

(nra;Aspa> Ew;gh 215). Ma;jnt

Oj;Jg; gapd;W tUtJ eypG tz;

zkhFk;. ‘m/fhik nrtj;Jf;fpah

njdpd; nt/fhik Ntz;Lk; gpwd;

ifg; nghUs;. (jpUf;Fws; 178). ,jp

m/fhik> nt/fhik vd Ma;jnt

Oj;Jg; gapd;W te;Js;sik fhz;f.

mfg;ghl;L tz;zk;:

‘mfg;ghl;L tz;zk; Kbahj; jd;

ikapd; Kbe;jjd; Nkw;Nw’. (nra;Asp

a Ew;gh 216). ghlypd; Kbtp

ghl KbahjJ Ngh Njhd;wpdhYk;

nghUs; Kbe;J epw;Fk;.

‘Edpf;nfhk;gH VwpdhH m/jpwe;J

Cf;fpd; capHf;fpWjp MfptpLk;’. (jpUf;

Fws; 476). ,jp vLj;Jf; fhl;NlhL

ghl KbahJ epw;gJNgh Njhd;wp

dhYk; ‘mstwpe;J epw;w Ntz;Lk;’vdg; nghUs; Kbe;jpUg;gijf; fhz

yhk;.

Gwg;ghl;L tz;zk;:

‘Gwg;ghl;L tz;zk; Kbe;jJ Nghd;W

KbahjhFk;’. (nra;Aspa> Ew;gh 217.)

ahupDk; fhjyk; vd;Nwdh Cbdhs;

ahupDk; ahupDk; vd;W. (jpUf;Fws;

1314). ,jp Kjybap ghl Kbe;

jJ Ngh Njhd;wpdhYk; mLj;j mb

ap ghl njhlHfpwJ.

xOF tz;zk;:

‘xoF tz;zk; Xirap ndhOFk;’.

(nra;Aspa> Ew;gh 218.) Mw;nwh

Of;Fg;Nghy Xirah xOfpf; fplg;

gJ xOF tz;zk;.

ahAk; QhAk; ahuh fpaNuh

ve;ijAk; Ee;ijAk; vk;Kiwf; NfspH

ahDk; ePAk; vt;top mwpJk;

nrk;Gyg; ngaePH Nghy

md;Gil neQ;rk; jhk;fye; jdNt.

(FWe;njhif 40.) ,jp Mw;nwhOf;

Fg;Ngh Xir mike;Js;sik fhz;f.

x&c tz;zk;:

‘x&c tz;zk; x&cj; njhil

njhLf;Fk;’. (nra;Aspa> Ew;gh 219).

vJif> Nkhid> ,iaG> Kuz; vd;

Dk; ve;jj; njhil tifAk; ,yh

k nre;njhilahfp elg;gJ x&c

tz;zk; vd;ghH ciuahrpupaH ,sk;

G+uzH.

njhbnefpo;e; jdNt fz;gre;jdNt

ahd;nrd; Wiug;gpd; khz;gpd; nwtNdh

nrhyha; thop Njhop tiua

Ks;spw; nghJspa gFu

neLntjpH

nghq;Ftu ypskio Jitg;g

kzpepyh tpupAq; Fd;Wfpo Nthw;Nf

(ahg;gUq;fy tpUj;jpAiu Nkw;Nfhs;)

Mw;nwhOf;Fg; Nghyg; nghUs;

njhlHe;J nryhk mbnjhWk;

mWe;J nrtJ x&c tz;zk;

vdg; gpwpnjhU ciunra;thH Nguh

rpupaH.

vz;Z tz;zk;:

‘vz;Z tz;zk; vz;Zg; gapYk;’.

(nra;Aspa> Ew;gh 220). ghlyp

rpy nghUs;fis mLf;fp ,j;jid

vd vz;zpf; fhl;LtJ vz;Z tz;

zkhFk;.

epyk; ePH tsptpRk; ngd;w ehd;fpd;

msg;gupiaNa

ehs;Nfhs; jpq;fs; QhapW fidao

Ie;njhUq;F GzHe;j tpsf;fj;jidia

(gjpw;Wg;gj;J 14) ,g;ghlyp rpy

nghUs;fs; $wg;gl;L vz;zpf; fhl;

lg;gl;Ls;sijAk; fhzyhk;.

mifg;G tz;zk;:

‘mWj;jWj; jpatJ mifg;G tz;

zk;’. (nra;Aspa> Ew;gh 221). mWj;

jWj;J tpl;L tpl;Lr; nrYk; XirA

ilaJ. xUtop nebyhfTk; xUtop

FwpyhfTk; gapd;W tUj mjd;

,aghFk;.

njhLj;j Ntk;gpd;kpirj; Jije;j

Nghe;ij

mila mirj;j MHkiyg; ghl;LH

mz;z vd;Nghd; ,ad;w Nrid

Kurpuq;Fk; jhidnajpH Kad;w

Nte;jUapH KUf;Fk; Ntyp ad;dtd;.

(ahg;gUq;fy tpUj;jpAiu Nkw;Nfhs;)

Jq;f tz;zk;:

‘Jq;f tz;zk; tQ;rp gapYk;’(nra;Aspa> Ew;gh 222). Jq;f

tz;zk; tQ;rpAupr;rPH gapd;W tUk;

‘tirapGfo; taq;Fntz;kPd;

jpirjpupe;J njw;NffpDk;’ (gl;bdg;

ghiy 1) ,g;ghltup tQ;rpAupr; rPH

gapd;W Jq;f tz;zj;jp te;Js;

sJ.

Ve;j tz;zk;:

‘nrhypa nrhypw; nrhypaJ rpwf;

Fk;’. (nra;Aspa> Ew;gh 223). nrh

ypa nrhNy jpUk;gj; jpUk;g te;J

rpwg;ghd nghUs; jUtJ Ve;j tz;

zkhFk;. gpw;fhyj;jtH ,jidr; nrhw;

nghUl; gpd;tU epiyazp vd;ghH

fs;.

$LtH $lfs; $l nydg;glh

$lYl; $lNy $lYq; $l

mUk;gpa Kiy aUk;gtpo; khiyg;

gpuptpw; gpupNt gpupT. (ahg;gUq;fy

tpUj;jp Nkw;Nfhs;.) ,g;ghlyp $l>

mUk;G> gpupT Kjypa nrhw;fs; jpUk;

gj; jpUk;g te;J nghUs; rpwf;f epw;g

ijf; fhzyhk;.

cUl;L tz;zk;:

‘cUl;L tz;zk; muhfe; njhLf;Fk;’.

(nra;Aspa> Ew;gh 224)

jhJW Kwpnrwp jlky upilapil

jonyd tpuptd nghop.

(ahg;gUq;fy tpUj;jpAiu Nkw;Nfhs;).

,jp ehw;rPubapd; cUl;br; nrYk;

Xir mike;Js;sijf; fhzyhk;.

KLF tz;zk;:

‘KLF tz;zk; Kbtwpahk mbap

we; njhOfp mjNdhH mw;Nw’. (nra;

Aspa> Ew;gh 225) nghJthf ehw;

rPubap mike;Js;s nra;As;fs;

NghyyhJ ehd;F rPHfSf;F Nkw;

gl;L muhfj;NjhL xj;J tUtJ KLF

tz;zkhFk;.

‘newpawp nrwpFwp Gupjpup gupah twp-

tid Ke;JwP,’ (fypj;njhif 39).

,jp cUl;br; nrYk; Xir mike;

jpUe;jhYk; ehd;F rPHfSf;F Nkw;

gl;L tUtjh ,J KLF tz;z

khapw;W.

Nkw;nrhyg;gl;l ,UgJ tz;zq;

fs; Fwpj;Jk; njhfhg;gpaH tpsf;fpap

Ue;jhYk; mit xd;Wld; xd;whfTk;>

ntt;NtW tifahd ghf;fSlDk;

NrHe;J jpupgile;J Ew;Wf;fzf;fhd

tiffshfg; ngUfyhk; vd;gJ ciu

ahrpupaHfs; fUj;J. tz;zk; vd;gJ

nra;As; KOtJk; ngUk;ghd;ikahf

tUnkd;W fUjpdhH ,sk;G+uzH.

Mdh tz;zk; vd;gJ nra;As;

KOtJNk miktdthff; $w ,a

yhJ vd;Wk;> xUghlypd; rpy mbf

sp $l xUtifahd tz;zk; tug;

ngWk; vd;Wk;> xNu ghlyp gy

tz;zq;fSk; tuf;$Lnkd;Wk; Nguh

rpupaH jkJ Eyp tpsf;Ffpd;whH.

typir tz;zk;> nkypir tz;

zk;> ,iaG tz;zk;> neLQ;rPH tz;

zk;> FWQ;rPH tz;zk;> rpj;jpu tz;

zk;> eypG tz;zk; Mfpa VOk;

vOj;jpd; mbg;gilap mike;jit.

ghm tz;zk;> vz;Z tz;zk;>

Ve;j tz;zk; Mfpa %d;Wk; nrh

myJ rPH mbg;gilap mike;

jit. jhm tz;zk;> msngil

tz;zk; Mfpa ,uz;Lk; njhil

mbg;gilap mike;jit. xOF

tz;zk;> x&c tz;zk;> mifg;G

tz;zk;> Jq;f tz;zk;> cUl;L

tz;zk;> KLF tz;zk; Mfpa MWk;

Xir mbg;gilap mike;jit. mfg;

ghl;L tz;zk;> Gwg;ghl;L tz;zk;

Mfpa ,uz;Lk; tbt mbg;gilap

mike;jit. ,t;thwhfj; njhfhg;

gpaH $wpitj;Js;s 20 tifahd

tz;zq;fSk; vOj;J> nrh> njhil>

Xir> tbtk; Mfpa Ie;ijAk; mbg;

gilahff; nfhz;L miktjhfg;

gpupj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;whH lhf;lH jkpoz;

z. mfg;ghl;L tz;zKk; Gwg;ghl;L

tz;zKk; njspthf;fg; gLtjw;F

cupad vd;gJk; ,tH fUj;J. RkhH

%thapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Kd;djh

fNt jkpo;g; GytHfs; ,f;fhyj;J

nkhopapayhsHfs; $Wk; ,yf;fpa

eilapa $Wfs; mikar; nra;As;

fs; ,aw;wpr; rpwg;Gr; NrHj;jpUf;fpd;

whHfs; vd;gijAk;> mtHfspd; rpe;j

idg;Nghf;Ffs; ,f;fhyj;Jf; ftpij

fSf;Fk; ngupJk; nghUe;jpAs;sd

vd;gijAk; ghHf;Fk;NghJ ngUkpjk;

Vw;gLfpd;wJ.

(njhlUk;)

shanmugarajah@thaiveedu.com

njhfhg;gpak;...60k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...

- 62 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 63 -

- 64 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

k; jw;NghJ 21k; Ew;

whz;bd; tpspk;gp epd;W

nfhz;L ngz;fspd;

r%fepiy gw;wpg; Ngrpf; nfhz;bUf;

fpNwhk;. tuyhw;wp Vwf;Fiwa ,uz;

lhapuk; Mz;Lfs; mbik tho;it

mDgtpj;j ngz;fSf;F> ,d;W>

Rje;jpuk; vd;Dk; Rthrf;fhw;W kpfg;

nghUSs;sjhf ,Uf;fpwJ. Mdh>

me;jf; fhw;Wj;jhd; ,d;Dk; KOik

ahf midj;Jg; ngz;fisAk;

mile;j ghbiy. gy Ew;whz;Lf-

shfg; ngz;Zf;F vjpuhf vOg;gg;

gl;l tYthd fl;likg;igj; jfHg;gJ

mj;Jiz Rygky.

,d;iwa rKjhaf; fl;likg;gp>

ngz;iz msf;Fk; mNj msT-

Nfh nfhz;L 2500 Mz;LfSf;F

Kd; tho;e;j ngz;zpd; r%fepiyia

msf;f KafpNwhk;. rpf;fNy ,J

jhd;.

‘rq;ffhyg; ngz;Zf;F cupikfs;

kWf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwd’ vd;W $wg;gLk;

Fw;wr;rhl;il rpwpJ EZfp Muha;e;J

ghHj;jgpd; rq;fg; ngz;zpDila

cz;ikahd epiy vJthf ,Ue;jp

Uf;fyhk; vd;W epWTtJ rpwg;ghf

mikAk;.

ngz;Zf;Fr; rq;ffhyj;jp cupik

kWf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ vd;W ngz; rkj;

Jtk; NgRgtHfs; Kd;itf;Fk; Fw;

wr;rhl;Lfs; rpytw;iwg; ghHf;fyhk;:

n Mz;> ngz; gz;Gfs; Kd;dNk

jPHkhdpf;fg;gl;L> Miz cupikf;

fhfg;NghuhLk; tPudhfTk; ngz;iz

moFk; klg;gKk; nghUe;jpa myq;

fhug; gJikahfTk; gilf;fg;gl;b

Uf;fpwhHfs;.

n ngz; jd; fhjyp Ntl;ifiag;

Gyg;gLj;j Kbahik ghuhl;lg;gL

fpwJ.

n rkj;Jtk;: flikfsp Mz;> ngz;

rkj;Jtj;ijj; njhfhg;gpak; fhl;l

tpiy.

n fhj jpUkzk;: ngz;zpd; fhj>

tuk;Gf;F cl;gl;ljhfNt $wg;gL

fpwJ. fhjypg;gjw;Fk; jdf;Fupa

fztidj; njuptjw;Fk; jpwdw;w

jhf mtsJ epiy ,Ue;jJ.

n fztdpd; ,wg;gpd; gpd;: fztdpd;

,wg;gpw;Fg; gpd; kidtp jd;

capiu kha;j;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;

myJ ifk;ik Nehd;G Nkw;

nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. kidtpapd; ,wg;

gpw;Fg; gpd; fztd; cld;fl;il

VwYk; ifk;ik Nehd;G Nehw;wYk;

,iy.

n kWkzk;: ngz;Zf;F kWkzk;

nra;J nfhs;Sk; cupik ,iy.

kidtp capNuhL ,Uf;Fk; NghNj

fztd; NtnwhUj;jpia kze;J

(fhkf;fpoj;jp) nfhs;Sk; tof;fk;

,Ue;jpUf;fpwJ.

n guj;jik: jiytDf;F guj;jik

xOf;fk; mDkjpf;fg;gLfpwJ.

Mzpd; ghypa ,af;fj;jpw;Ff;

fl;Lg;ghbiy. ngz; mt;thW

NtW MltDld; njhlHG nfhz;

ljhff; $wg;gltpiy. ngz;Zf;

Ff; fw;G typAWj;jg;gLfpwJ. ,aw;

ifg; GzHr;rpapd; gpd; jiytd;

jiytpia tiuahJ gpupe;j epiy

Ak; ,Ue;jpUf;fpwJ vd;w Iak;

vOfpwJ.

n jiytpf;Fj;> jiytdpd; guj;ij

ikiag; nghWj;Jg; NghFk; gz;G

fhl;lg;gLfpwJ. ,J> mtsJ Rje;

jpukw;w epiyiaf; fhl;LfpwJ.

n ngz;fs; xw;iwj; njhlHghliyNa

ngUk;ghYk; nfhs;fpd;wdH. ,j;

njhlHghl ,Utiffsp mik-

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-

jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 65 -

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- 66 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

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CALCULUS, VECTORS, ADVANCED FUNCTION,TRIGONOMETRY Etc. Etc.

selvanayaki.s@thaiveedu.com

jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 67 -

∂Á™›m Ô¶[ ∏´flEÁ™Ô”¬ÔV™ ÷Èkƒ gºÈVƒÁ™Ô”¬z

Sri VallipuranatharCertified Insolvency & Bankruptcy Counsellor

309-80 Corporate Drive

Scarborough, ON M1H 3G5Tel: 416.439.0224

Cell: 416.450.5011Fax: 416.439.0226

www.creditsolutioncanada.comcontact@creditsolutioncanada.com

√_ÈVı|ÔVÈD Bankruptcy, Consumer proposal º√Vu≈ ºƒÁkÔπ_ ∂–√kxÁ¶BkÏÔ^

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- 68 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

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jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 69 -

23 kWkyHr;rp ,jo;fspd; njhFg;G

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rkfhyf; fz;zh...68k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...

- 70 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

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- 72 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

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rpy fUj;Jfs; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUe;jd.

mjd; njhlHr;rpiaAk; tsHr;rpiaAk;

ehk; ,g;NghJ fhz;fpd;Nwhk;.

‘Nga; muR nra;jh gpzk; jpd;Dk;

rhj;jpuq;fs;’ vd;gJ ghujp thf;F.

kdpjHfspd; Nga; kdq;fs; khwhj

tiu khw;wq;fs; gw;wpg; Ngrpf;nfhz;

bUj;j kl;LNk

rhj;jpak;.

epwntwp - vupAk;...70k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...

pon.balarajan@thaiveedu.com

jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 73 -

- 74 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

lNfhs; nfhz;l Fkupf;

fz;lj;jpd; vr;rkhff;

fhzg;gLtJ ,d;W ,yq;

ifnadr; nrhyg;gLk; xU ghiwj;

njhluhFk;. NgJWjhyfhy> fpupfhyg;

nghj;j> eKdFyfe;j> rptndhspgh

jk; Nghd;w kj;jpakiyj; njhFjpAk;

rpfpupah> jk;Gs;s> fjpHfhkf; Fd;W

Nghd;w rpWFd;WfSk; vr;rkhff;

fhzg;gLk; gue;Jgl;lnjhU epymupg;

Gf;F cs;shf;fg;gl;l vQ;rpa epyj;

Njhw;wj;Jld; fhzg;gLk; jPTjhd;

,yq;if.

,yq;ifapd; epyTUttpaw; Njhw;wq;

fisAk; ghiwapa mikg;gpidAk;

ed;F Muha;e;jh ,yq;if xU ngupa

fz;lj;jpd; vr;rkhfj;jhd; ,Uf;ff;$

Lk; vd;w JzpTf;F te;JtplKbAk;.

,yq;ifap GtpcUttpa kw;Wk;

Gtpr;rupjtpa Ma;Tfs; ahTk; ,yq;

ifia xUjPthfkl;Lk; itj;Nj Nkw;

nfhs;sg;gl;bUg;gjidf; fhzKbfp

wJ. ,d;iwa ,e;jpahtpd; xUghf

khftpUe;J fhyg;Nghf;fp flyh

gpupf;fg;gl;l epyj;Jz;L vd;w vLNfh-

Sld;jhd; fle;jfhy Ma;TfSff;

fhd rpe;jid Cw;nwLf;fj; njhlq;fp

apUe;jJ.

GtpNkw;gug;G epyTUtq;fisg; nghWj;

jtiuap gytifahd epyg;ghq;fhd

gpuNjrq;fspYk; flw;gFjpfspYk; gdp

glH gpuNjrq;fspYk; ghiytdq;fsp

Yk; ntt;NtWtifapdjhd epyTU

tq;fis mtjhdpf;fKbfpwJ. xt;

nthU gpuNjrj;jpYk; epyTUtj;jpid

cUthf;Fk; fUtp myJ njhopw;

ghl;Lf; fhuzp NtWgLk;. ghiyt

dj;jp fUtpahfj; njhopw;gLk; fhw;

wpidg; Ngh> flyp miyfSk;

ePNuhl;lq;fSk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWt

jidf; fhzyhk;. kiyg;ghq;fhd

gFjpapYk; mtw;iw mbnahw;wpa

gPlG+kpfspYk; rkepyq;fspYk; rpw;Nwh

ilfSk; MWfSk; gytifahd

epyj;Njhw;wq;fis cUthf;fp tUtj

idf; fhzyhk;.

,yq;ifap kj;jpa kiyehL ,Ug;

gjdh Mw;wpdh cUthf;fk;ngw;w

epyTUtq;fSk; ,yq;ifiaf; fl

R+o;e;jpUg;gjdh flrhH epyTU

tq;fSk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,yq;if

apd; tlf;fpYk; tlNkw;fpYk; Rz;zf;

f ghiwapUg;gjdh Rz;zf;fw;gpu

Njrj;Jf;Fupa epyTUtq;fisAk; mt

jhdpf;fKbfpwJ. ,t;tifahd epyT

Utq;fspd; cUthf;fj;jpidAk; jw;

nghOjp mtjhdpf;fg;gLk; epyTUt

tbtj;jpidAk; Nfhl;ghLfisAk;

vLNfhs; epakq;fisAk; Mjhukhff;

nfhz;Nl tpsq;fpf;nfhs;s KbfpwJ.

XLePuh cUthf;fg;gLk; epyTUtq;

fsJ Ma;tp Gtpapatl;lk; (Geo-graphic Cycle) myJ jpd;d tl;lf;

fUJNfhs; (Cycle of Erosion) rkNahrpjkhf tbtikf;fg;gl;l khjpupahfNt

Kf;fpa ,lj;jpidg; ngWfpwJ. ,j

idg; GtpapaYf;F toq;fpatH. mnk

upf;fg; Gtpapaypd; je;ij vd;wiof;

fg;gLk; tpypak; nkhwp]; Nltp];

(W. M. Davis) MFk;. 1899 ntspap

lg;gl;l jpd;dtl;lf; fUJNfhs; vL-

Nfhs; kw;Wk; nraw;gLk; Kiw njhlH

ghfg; gytifahd tpkHrdq;fSf;F

cl;gLj;jg;gl;lhYk; epyTUtq;fis

tpsq;fpf; nfhs;sr; rpwg;ghd nraw;

ghl;L Kiwahfg; gpd;gw;wg;gLtjidf;

fhzKbfpwJ.

RUf;fkhfr; nrhtjhdh rkntsp

kPz;Lk; rkntspahf vt;thW khw;wk-

ilfpwJ vd;gjid ,f;fUJNfhs;

tpsf;FfpwJ. epyTUtq;fis ,sik>

KjpHr;rp> KJik vd;w %d;W gbep

iyfisf;nfhz;L ghFghL nra;ag;

gLfpwJ. KJik epiyf;Fg; gpwF

kPz;Lk; epyk; caHj;jg;gl;L ,sik

Njhw;wk; ngWtjh tl;l xOq;fp

nraw;ghlhdJ mikag; ngWfpwJ.

,yq;ifap epyk; caHj;jg;gl;L

kiyfs; cUthfpaJk; ePupdh epy-

tupg;Gr; nraw;ghL njhlq;FfpwJ.

rpw;NwhilfSk; fpis mUtpfSk;

MWfSk; Xbf; fliyf; fyf;Fk;

tiuap epy mupg;Gj; njhlHfpwJ.

ghiwfspd; jd;ik Mw;wpd; ePH nfhs;

sdTj;jpwd; rha;tpd; jd;ik Nghd;w

tw;Wf;Fj; jf;fjhf gs;sj; jhf;Ff

spd; jd;ik NtWgLfpwJ. xLq;fpa

mfd;w Mwupj;j gs;sj;jhf;Ffs;

Mq;fpy vOj;Jtbtp I> tP> A (I,V, U) tbtq;fsp fhzg;gl;L gpd;

njhlH epymupg;G epfo;j;jg;gl;L> Kb

tp Mwupj;j rkntspahd ngdpg;gp-

nsapd; (peneplain) vd;w rkntspAk;

cUthf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

lGs;A.vk;. NltprpdJ nfhs;ifapid

tpkHrdk; nra;jtH thj;jH ngq;

(Walther Penck 1924) MFk;. ,tH

N[Hkdp epyTUttpa Ma;thsH.

,tuJ ntspaPLfs; N[Hkhdpa nkhop

apNyNa ntspte;jpUe;jd. ,jdh

gyuh mtuJ fUJNfhspid tpsq;

fpf;nfhs;s Kbatpiy vd;w cz;ik

njspTgLj;jg;gl;bUe;jik Fwpg;gplj;

jf;fjhFk;. ngq;fpDila je;ijaH

NltprpdJ nfhs;ifg; gpbg;ghsuhf

,Ue;jtH. epyTUtkhdJ Ntfkhd

epy caHj;JifapdJk; Ntfkhd epy

mupg;gpdJk; tpisthff; fhzg;gLt

jhff; Fwpg;gpLfpwhH. Muk;gk; KbT

vd;w ,U gbfspdpilNa %d;W nraw;

ghLfis mtjhdpf;fpwhH.

Muk;gj;jp epy caHj;Jif nkJth

fTk; epymupg;G NtfkhfTk; fhzg;

gLk; gpd;dH epycaHj;Jif Ntfkh

fTk; epy mupg;Gk; NtfkhfTk; epf

Ok; Kbtp epycaHJif ,yhj

epiyap epymupg;G nkJthf epfOk;

vd;fpwhH. rkhe;jug; gpd;thq;f m

yJ rha;T gpujpapL nra;ag;gLj

%yk; epyTUtq;fspd; ,lg;ngaHTr;

nraw;ghL ,lk;ngWfpwJ vd;fpwhH.

ngq;fpDila fUJNfhSld; v.rp.

fpq; (Lester Charles King , 1942) ,dJ

epyj;Njhw;wj;jpd; mgptpUj;jp vd;w

fUJNfhs; xj;Jg; NghtjhftpUe;jJ.

lGs;A.vk;. NltprpdJ fUJNfhsp

fhzg;gl;l rpy vLNfhSld; njhlH

ghd tpkHrdq;fSf;F tpilaspg;gjh

fTk; mike;jJ.

fpq; gpupj;jhdpahtp gpwe;J epArpyhe;J

Xf;ydl; gfiyf;fofj;jp gbj;jhH.

mq;F lGs;A.vk;. NltprpdJ fUJ

Nfhsp kpFe;j <LghLnfhz;l rhH

y]; nfhl;ldpd; (Charled Cotton) khztdhf ,Ue;jhH. Mgpupf;fhtp miu

twz;l (SemiArid)gpuNjr epyTUtk;njhlHghd Ma;tpidr; nra;jpUe;jhH.

epyj;Njhw;w mgptpUj;jpap mjpfF-

spH mjpfntg;gk; jtpHe;j vyhf; fhy

epiyg; gpuNjrq;fspYk; epyTUtr;

nraw;ghL xNutpjkhdjhFk; vd;fpwhH.

mjidr; rkhe;jug; gpd;thq;Fjyhf

(Parallel Retreat) ngq;NghyNt ,tUk;

mwpKfg;gLj;jpapUe;jhH.

,tuJ nfhs;ifahdJ epyk; caHj;

jg;gLj> ,sik> KjpHr;rp> KJik

vd;w ehd;F gbKiwnfhz;lJ. Muk;

gj;jp fhzg;gl;l epyk; rkhe;jukh

fg; gpd;thq;fp mNjtbtj;jp ghiwj;

jpd;d vr;rr;rkntsp (ngbgpnsapd;

- Pediplain) Mfj; Njhw;wkspf;fpwJ.

NltprpdJ nfhs;ifg;gb Kbthff;

fhzg;gl;l Mwupj;j rkntspap

jdpj;j vr;rf; Fd;Wfs; (Monadnocks)fhzg;gLk;. mupg;Gf;Fl;glhj td;gh

iwfs; vr;rf; Fd;Wfshfj; Njhw;w

kspf;Fk;. ,yq;ifapd; kiyehl;bd;

tlf;fp rpfpupah> jk;Gs;s cl;gl

tTdpah> Kiyj;jPT tiuap rpwpa

Jk; ngupaJkhd vr;rf; Fd;Wfs;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,Nj NghyNt njw;

fp fjpHfhkf; Fd;WfSk; fpof;fp

FLkpkiy vd;w njhg;gpfy Nghd;w

vr;rf; Fd;WfSk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

,yq;ifapd; kj;jpa kiyehl;L epy-

caHj;Jiff;F Kd;dH ,yq;if

KOtJk; Mwupj;j rkntspahff;

fhzg;gl;bUf;fNtz;Lk;. mt;thwhapd;

fjpHfhk vr;rf; Fd;WfSf;Fj; njw;fh

ftpUe;j ngupanjhU kiyaLf;fpyp

Ue;J Xbte;j ngupa Mwpdhjhd;

,j;jifa epymupg;G rhj;jpakhfpap

Uf;Fk; vdj; Jzpayhk;. mJ Fkupf;

fz;lj;jpd; gd;kiynjhlH vd miof;

fg;gLk; kiyj;njhluhfNt ,Ue;jp

Uf;fKbAk;.

,yq;ifapd; kj;jpa kiyehl;b

fz;bg; gPlG+kp Nghd;w KJik epy-

cUtq;fSk; gy ,sik epyTUtq;

fshd xLq;fpa gs;sj;jhf;FfSk;

fye;J fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,j;jifa

nraw;ghl;Lf;F ngq; fpq; Nghd;Nwh

uJ epyk; caHj;JifAk; epy mupg;

Gr; nraw;ghLk; njhlHe;J epfo;tjhfr;

nryg;gLtJ nghUj;jkhfNt gLfp

wJ. Nltprpd; fUJ Nfhspd;gb epyk;

caHj;jg;gl;lJ Kj jpd;dtl;lk;

KbAk; tiuap mikg;gp khw;wk;

epfohJ vd;w vLNfhs; Kf;fpakhftp

Ue;jJ.

,d;iwa ,yq;ifap kfhtyp

fq;if vd;w ngupa MW 206 ik

ePsKilaJ mjd; ePHf;nfhs;sT

ghupa epymupg;Gf;Fg; NghJkhdjhf

tpiy. mj;Jld; MW twz;l gpuNj

rj;jpDlhf XLk; nghOJ ePHf; nfhs;

ssT Mtpahf;fj;jh FiwtilAk;

tha;g;Gk; ,Uf;fpwJ. epyk; caHj;jg;

gl;l Ntisap ,yq;if KOtJk;

kiof;fhyepiy epytpapUf;fNtz;Lk;

mjw;F ,d;iwa ,yq;ifapd; ,lt

ikT tpiljuf; $bajhf mika

tpiy. KidTkhw;wk; njhlHghd

Ma;T ,jw;F tpilaspf;fyhk;.

GtpAUttpayp ntspte;j Nfhl;gh

Lfis ,yq;ifapd; epyTUtq;fsp

nghUj;jpg;ghHf;f Kw;gLifap epy-

cauj;;JifahdJ rkntspahf;fg;gl;l

njhU gpuNjrj;jpypUe;J njhlq;Ffp

wJ vd;gJld; vyh epyTUt tpaw;

Nfhl;ghl;lhsHfSk; xj;Jg; Nghtjidf;

fhzyhk;. epycaHj;JifahdJ ve;

jf; fhyg;gFjpap epfo;e;jpUf;fyhk;

vd;gjw;Fg; Gtpr;rupjtpayha;Tfs;

jhd; tpilaspf;f KbAk;.

njhlUk;...

,ny%upah fz;lk; myJ Fkupf; fz;lk;

kanapathipillai.a@thaiveedu.com

- m. fzgjpg;gps;is -

gFjp: 3

,

jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 75 -

- 76 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 77 -

ntl;Lf;fis newp-

Kiw rhHe;j jpl;lj;jpd;

gb Kiwg;gb Muha;T

nra;tijf; fntl;ba Ma;T vd;

gH. fntl;Lfspd; ngUk;gq;F fw;f

sp nghwpf;fg;gl;lit. nrg;NgLfs;

vd;Dk; cNyhfg; nghwpg;Gf;fshd

fntl;Lf;fSk; cs;sd. kl;ghz;

lq;fspYk; XLfspYk; $lr; rpy f

ntl;Lg; nghwpg;Gfs; cs;sd. ,yq;

ifap fp.K 3k; Ew;whz;b vOj;Jf;

fiy Njhw;wk; ngw;wJ. mf;fhyj;jp

,Ue;J fntl;Lf;fis ntspapLk;

kuGk; njhlq;fpaJ. fp.K. 3k; Ew;

whz;L Kj 18k; Ew;whz;L tiu

njhlHr;rpahf ,yq;ifap fntl;L

fs; ntspte;jd. INuhg;gpa fhydpa

Ml;rpapd; NghJ> Fwpg;ghf Nghj;Jf;

fPrUk; lr;Rf;fhuUk; Ml;rp nra;jNghJ

fiuNahu khfhzq;fsp Fiwe;jsT

fntl;Lf;fNs ntspaplg;gl;ld. Rje;

jpu murhf 1815 tiuapUe;j fz;b

,uhr;rpag; gFjpap ,f;fhyj;jpYk;

fntl;Lf;fs; ntspaplg;gLk; tof;

fk; ,Ue;J te;jJ.

,yq;ifapd; Kw;fhyf; fntl;Lfs;

gpuhkp tuptbtp nghwpf;fg;gl;ld.

,f;fntl;Lf;fs; ngUk;ghd;ik jhdk;

myJ nfhil toq;Fk; nra;jpia

ntspg;gLj;Jtd. ,it gpuhkpf; f

ntl;Lfs; vd miof;fg;gLtd.

,yq;ifap fpilj;j gpuhkpf;fntl;

Lfspd; vz;zpf;if Vwf;Fiwa 1500

MFk;. ,it ,yq;ifapd; nkhj;jf;

fntl;Lfspd; rupghjp vz;zpf;if

Ailait. ,f;fntl;Lfs; gpuhfpU

jk; (Kw;gl;l rpq;fsk; - Proto - Sinhala)nkhopap vOjg;gl;lit. mg;gpuhkpf;

fntl;Lfs; 3k; Ew;whz;Lg; goik

Ailait. ,it XupU nrhw;fis

cila rpwpa fntl;Lfshf> xU

tupap kl;Lk; mike;Js;sd. fhyg;

Nghf;fp ,f;fntl;Lfspd; msTk;>

cs;slf;fKk; XusTf;F tpupTw;wd.

fp.gp.3k; 4k;> 5k; Ew;whz;Lfspd; gpuh

kpf; fntl;Lfs; gy ntspaplg;gl;ld.

Mapd; 5k; Ew;whz;Lf;Fg; gpd;dH

,tw;wpd; vz;zpf;if Fiwaj; njhlq;

fpaJ. gpd;dH 9k; 10k; Ew;whz;L

fsp gpuhkpf; fntl;Lfs; gy Njhd;w

yhapd. mf;fhyk; fntl;Lf;fs;

ngUk;ghd;ik fw;Jz;fspYk; fw;gy

iffspYk; ntl;lg;gl;ldthf ,Ue;

jd. ,tw;Ws; rpy gpurh];jpfs; vd;w

tifapdyhFk;. gpurh];jpfs; vd;w

tbtk; ,f;fhyj;jp rpq;fs nkhopap

tof;fp te;jpUe;jJ. ‘fpuhg;b’ (fpWf;

ffs; - Graffiti) vd;w tif nghwpg;

Gfs; jdpj;Jtkhd xU tifapd.

,t;tiff; fntl;LfSk; ,f;fhyj;

jp rpfpupah Fd;wpd; fz;zhb Nghd;w

RtHfsp vOjg;gl;ld. NrhoHfspd;

Mjpf;fk; ,yq;ifap gutpa fhyj;

jp (985 - 1070) jkpo;f; fntl;Lf;fs;

gyTk; ntspahapd. ,f;fhy ,il-

ntspapd; gpd; kPz;Lk; rpq;fs nkhopf;

fntl;Lfs; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f vz;zpf;

ifap ntspte;jd. ,it Kjyhk;

tp[aghF fhyk; Kj Nfhl;il

,uhr;rpaj;jpd; ,Wjp tiuahd fhyj;

jpw;FupadthFk;. fz;bg;gFjpap 18k;

Ew;whz;L tiu fntl;Lfs; ntsp

te;j tz;zk; ,Ue;jd. Fwpg;gplj;jf;f

vz;zpf;ifahd jkpo;r; rhrdq;fSk;

,f;fhyj;jp ntspahfpd. 12k; Ew;

whz;b gpurh];jpfs; vd;w tiff;

fntl;Lfs; ngUtof;fhf ,Ue;jd.

Fwpg;ghf eprq;f kyd; fhyj;jp

gpurh];jpfs; gy ntspahapd. Kj

yhk; tp[aghF fhyj;jp nrg;Gg; gl;

laq;fs; gy ntspaplg;gl;ld. tp[a

ghF fhyj;ija gdhf;fLt nrg;Ng

LfSk;> eprq;fkydJ miyr;

nrg;NgLfSk; ,tw;wpw;F cjhuzq;f

shFk;.

fntl;Lfspd; nkhop vd;w tifap

fp.K 3k; Ew;whz;L njhlf;fk; Kjyhd

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ghd;ikahd fntl;Lfspd; nkhop

ahf cs;sJ. kpfg; gioa ,yq;

ifj; jkpo;f; fntl;Lfs; fp.gp 8k;

Ew;whz;ilr; NrHe;jitahFk;. NrhoH

fhyj;jp jkpo;f; fntl;Lfs; gy

nghwpf;fg;gl;ld. nghyd;eWt Nfhl;il

fhyq;fspd; Kf;fpakhd murHfs;

rpyH jkpo;f; fntl;Lf;fis ntsp

apl;ldH. ,d;Wtiu aho;g;ghz mu

rHfspdJ vd;W nrhyf;$bajhf

xNu xU fntl;Nl fpilj;Js;sJ.

mf;fntl;Lk; $l aho;g;ghzj;jp

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vd;w ,lj;jp fz;nlLf;fg;gl;lJ.

kfhahd ngsj;jj;NjhL njhlHGila

rpy rk];fpUjf; fntl;LfSk; fpilj;

Js;sd. jkpo;> rPdk;> ghurPfk; Mfpa

Kd;W nkhopfsp nghwpf;fg;gl;l f

ntl;L xd;W fhypap fz;nlLf;fg;

gl;lJ. ,J jdpj;Jtk; kpf;fNjhH

fntl;L vd;gJ Fwpg;gplg;gl Ntz;

baJ. Nghj;Jf;NfaHfSk; lr;Rf;fhwH

fSk; fl;ba fl;llq;fsp nghwpf;fg;

gl;ldthd fntl;Lfs; rpyTk; cs;

sd.

Nkw;Fwpj;j tiff; fntl;Lfs; ahTk;

,yq;ifapd; murpa> r%fk;> rkak;>

gz;ghL> nghUshjhu epiy Nghd;w

tplaq;fs; Fwpj;J tpsf;Ftdthf

cs;sd. ,e;jpa tuyhw;iwg; nghWj;j

tiu gz;ilf; fhyk;> kj;jpa fhyk;

Mfpa ,U fhyj;J tuyhWfisAk;

mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;F fntl;Lfs;

Kjd;ikahd Mjhuq;fshf cs;sd.

,yq;ifap ghsp tuyhw;W Efs;

tuyhw;W %yq;fshf ,Ug;gjh f

ntl;Lfs; ,uz;lhk; epiyahd Jizr;

rhd;WfshfNt cs;sd vdyhk;. ghsp

,yf;fpaq;fsp ,Ue;J ,yq;ifapd;

rka epWtdq;fs; gw;wpAk;> nghUsh

jhu epiygw;wpAk; ngw;w jftfis

cWjpg;gLj;Jk; Jizr;rhd;Wfshf

,yq;iff; fntl;Lfs; mike;Js;

sd. mj;NjhL ,f;fntl;Lfis

Muha;tjd; %yk; ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa

nkhopfshd rpq;fsk;> jkpo; Mfpa

nkhopfspd; tsHr;rpiaAk;> mk;nkhop

fspd; tuptbtq;fspd; tsHr;rpfisAk;

mwpe;J nfhs;sTk; KbfpwJ. ,J

tiu $wpait mwpKfkhf nfhs;sg;

glj;jf;fit. mLj;J fle;j xU

Ew;whz;L fhyj;jp fntl;L Ma;

tp milag;ngw;w tsHr;rpfis Nehf;

FNthk;.

19k; Ew;whz;bd; gpd; miug;gFjp

tiu ,yq;ifapd; fntl;Lfs;

%Lz;l xU Gj;jfk; Nghd;Nw ,Ue;

jd. ,jw;F Ke;jpa fhyj;jp INuhg;

gpaH rpyH fntl;Lfs; gw;wpf; ft

dk; nrYj;jpdhHfs; MapDk;> mtH

fs; Kiwg;gbahd Ma;tp <Lgl

tpiy. cjhuzkhf ngHzh Xb

Fnta;Nwh]; vd;w ghjpupahupd; TheTemporal and Spiritual Conquest of the Is-land of Ceylon vd;w Eyp fntl;

Lfs; gw;wp cs;s Fwpg;ig vLj;Jf;

fhl;lyhk;. Fnta;Nwh]; gpuhkpf; f

ntl;Lfs; gw;wpf;Fwpg;gpLfpwhH. Mdh

mtH mtw;iwj; jtwhf fpNuf;fnkhopg;

gjpTfs; vd;W $wpdhH. vjpHfhyk;

gw;wpa MUlk; vd;W $wj;jf;f jpU

Nfhzkiyj; jkpo;f; fntl;Lg; gw;

wpAk; Fnta;Nwh]; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shH.

fz;bap 17k; Ew;whz;bd; gpw;gFjp

ap ifjpahf tho;e;jtuhd nwhNgHl;

nehf;];> mg;gFjpap fhzg;gl;l

fntl;Lfs; gw;wpj;jk; Eyp gl;Lk;

glhkYk; nrhypr; nrtijAk; fhz

yhk;.

gpupj;jhdpa murhq;fj;jpd; MjuTld;

gj;njhd;gjhk; Ew;whz;bd; gpw;gFjp

ap fntl;Lf;fs; gw;wpa Kiwg;gb

ahd Ma;T njhlq;fpaJ. Guhjdkhd

nghUl;fisf; fz;Lgpbj;jYk; NgZ

jYk; njhlHghf gpupj;jhdpahtpYk;

,yq;ifapYk; mf;fhyj;jp Vw;gl;b

Ue;j MHtj;jpd; gpd;dzpap fntl;

ba ftp gw;wpa MHtKk; tsHe;

jJ. Guhjd nghUl;fs; gw;wpa Ma;T

MHtk; ‘md;bFthupad; upNrHr;’ (An-tiquarian Research) vdg;gl;lJ. ,J

gpupj;jhdpahtp NguhHtkhfg; gutpap

Ue;jJ. mq;fpUe;J ,yq;iff;F MS

euhf te;j tpypak; fpunfup ,t;tpl

aj;jp kpFe;j MHtk; cilatuhf

,Ue;jhH.

mtH nfhOk;G mUq;fhl;rpafj;ij

epWtpdhH. mUq;fhl;rpafk; gw;wp rl;l

rigap ciuahw;wpa NghJ mtH

fntl;Lf;fs; gw;wp “mUq;fhl;rpafj;

jp fntl;Lf;fspd; Gifg;glq;fs;>

mr;Rg;gjpTfs;> ifah gbnaLf;fg;

gl;l gpujpfs; vd;gdtw;iw itf;f

Ntz;Lk;> ehL KOtjpYk; fhzg;

gLk; fntl;Lfis kPs;gpujp nra;J

,q;F nfhz;LtuNtz;Lk; vd;gJ

vd; jpl;lk;” vd;W Fwpg;gpl;lhH. ,f;

fntl;Lfspd; ,aGfspYk;> nkhop

tof;fpYk; epiwa NtWghLfs; cs;

sd. ,it nkhop E tyhupd;

Mo;e;j guprPyidf;Fk; mf;fiwf;Fk;

cupait. ,it gw;wpa Ma;T gz;

ila toikfs;> rkag; gz;ghLfs;>

,yq;ifapd; gz;ila tuyhW Mfp

ad njhlHghd tplaq;fis njspT-

gLj;Jk; vd;W mtH $wpdhH. NkNy

jug;gl;l mtuJ $w;W> fntl;ba

njhlHghf mtH nfhz;bUe;j Mo;e;j

<Lghl;bid vLj;Jf;fhl;Ltjhf cs;

sJ. Mq;fpyf; ftp fw;w ,yq;

ifapdH mf;fhyj;jp kpfr;rpwpa vz;

zpf;ifapduhfNt ,Ue;j NghJk;

mtHfs; rf;jpkpf;f xU FOthf tpsq;

- f. rz;Kfypq;fk; -

,yq;ifap fntl;ba Ma;Tfs; 1875-1975

xU Ew;whz;L tuyhWf ,yq;ifapd; njhypa tuyhW gw;wpa N[k;]; ul;dj;jpd; fl;Liuapid nrd;w jha;tPL ,jop

gpuRupj;jpUe;Njhk;. mjd; njhlHr;rpahf> ,yq;ifapd; fntl;ba Ma;Tfspd; 1875 Kj 1975tiuahd xU Ew;whz;L fhy tuyhW gw;wpa NguhrpupaH tp. rptrhkpapd; Eypd; jkpohf;fj;ij ,e;j,jop ntspapLfpd;Nwhk;. NguhrpupaH tp. rptrhkp mtHfspd; ,e;j Eyp 1975 tiuapyhdfntl;ba Ma;Tfs; Fwpj;j tuyhNw ,lk;ngw;wpUf;fpd;wJ. mjw;Fg; gpd;duhd 45 tUl fhyMa;Tfsp gy Gjpa milTfs; vl;lg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. vd;whYk;> mit Fwpj;j njhFg;gha;T nra;jEfs; ntspahftpiy. ,J Fwpj;j Ma;Tfis Ma;Tj;Jiw rhHe;jtHfs; nra;tJ mtrpakhFk;.

njhlu;jy; 78k; gf;fk;

NguhrpupaH tp. rptrhkp mtHfs;

- 78 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

fpdH. mtHfSs; rpyuhtJ ,yq;if

apd; Gfo;kpf;f fle;j fhyk; gw;wp

kpFe;j MHtk; nfhz;ltHfsha; ,Ue;

jdH. njhnghUl;fs; gw;wpa MH

tj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jk; fl;Liufis

mtHfs; vOjpg; gUt ,jo;fsp gpu-

Rupj;jdH. rpNyhd; mkdhf;> Mrpa

Ntj;jpa fofj;jpd; ,yq;iff; fpis

apd; gUt ,jo; Mfpatw;wp gyuJ

fl;Liufs; mf;fhyj;jp gpuRukhapd.

mg;gUt ,jo;fsp MHkH> NwzH>

`hHb> N[hH[;yp> fhrpr; nrl;b> b

mtp];> GNuhb> ep]; Nltpl;]; vd;

NghUk; gpwUk; vOjpait MHtj;ijj;

Jz;Ltdtha; ,Ue;jd. ,jd; ga

dhf fhyk; nrd;w MSeH tpypak;

fpufup> fhyk; nrd;w fyhepjp Ngh

Nfhl;rpkpj; mtHfspd; Nritia

fntl;ba Ma;Tf;F ngw;Wf; nfhs;

tnjd KbTnra;jhH. mt;twpQH %yk;

tlkj;jpa khfhzk;> Nkw;F khfhzk;

njw;F khfhzj;jpd; `k;ghe;Njhl;il

khtl;lk; Mfpa ,lq;fsp fhzg;g

Lk; fntl;Lfisj; jpl;l Kiwahf

Ma;T nra;tJ (MSeupd;) Nehf;f

khf ,Ue;jJ. Ngh Nfhl;rpkpj;>

nkhop E fPioj;Njatpa ftp

Mfpatw;wp rpwg;Gj;NjHr;rp ngw;w

NaHkd; ehl;L mwpQuhtH. mtiu

gpupj;jhdpa Ntj;jpa fofk; rpghHR

nra;jpUe;jJ.

fyhepjp Ngh Nfhl;rpkpj; mtHfNs

fntl;bayhsH vd;w cj;jpNahfg;

gjtpf;F epakpf;fg;gl;l KjyhtJ

egH. mtH NaHkdp Njrj;ijr; NrHe;j

,sk; mwpQH. 1875 flikia mtH

nghWg;Ngw;w NghJ mtUf;F ,Ugj;jp

ehd;F taNj MfpapUe;jJ. (,e;epa

kdk; ,w;iwf;F xU Ew;whz;Lf;F

Kd; eilngw;wJ.) mtH gjtp tfpj;j

,U Mz;L fhyj;jp fntl;ba

njhlHghf Kd;Ndhbahd gy gzp-

fis nra;jhH. fntl;Lfisr; Nrf

upj;j> mtw;iw thrpj;J nghUs;

nfhs;Sj> tpsf;fkspj;j vd;gdTk;

nkhopapa tpsf;fq;fSld; mtw;iw

gpuRuk; nra;jYk; mtuJ gzpfshf

,Ue;jd. mtuJ fntl;ba Ma;

Tfs; ‘nrrd Ngg;gH];’ (SessionalPapers) vdg;gLk; gpuRuq;fshf 1875>

1876 Mz;Lfsp ntspahapd. rpq;fs

fntl;Lfs; gw;wpa mtuJ Fwpg;G

fs; Mrpa Ntj;jpa fofj;jpd; gUt

,jo; 1879 ntspahapd. ,f;fl;Liu

fspd; Ma;Tg; ngWkjp fUjp ,it

‘,d;bad; mz;bFtup’ vd;w rQ;rpif

ap kPs; gpuRuk; nra;ag;gl;ld. mtH

gzpap ,Ue;j NghJ kNyupah Neha;

tha;g;gl;L ,we;jhH. ,t;thwhf mtH

,yq;ifapd; fntl;baypw;fhfj; jk;

,d;Dapiuj; jpahfk; nra;jhH. MS

eH fpufup ,yq;if rhrd kQ;rup

(Corpus Inscriptionum Zeilanicarum)xd;iw ntspapLtjw;F vz;zpapUe;j

jpl;lk; epiwNtwhJ Nghapw;W.

Nfhl;rpkpj; mtHfspd; mfhy kuzj;

jpd; gpd;dH> mtupd; gzpiaj; njhlu;

tjw;fhf fyhepjp E. KyH vd;w

,d;ndhU NaHkd; mwpQH epakpf;fg;

gl;lhH. mtH jkf;F Kd;dH gjtp

ap ,Ue;jtH vOjpa mwpf;iffis

itj;Jf; nfhz;L Nkyjpf Muha;r;

rpap <Lgl;lhH. `k;ghe;Njhl;il

khtl;lk; tl Nkw;F khfhzk;> vd;g

dtw;wpYk; ,d;Dk; gy ,lq;fspYk;

fntl;Lfisj; Njbg; gupNrhjpj;jhH.

,yq;iff; fntl;Lfs; gw;wpa mt

uJ Ma;Tfs; 1878> 1880> 1881 Mfpa

Mz;Lfspd; MrpaNtj;jpa fofj;

jpd; ,yq;iff; fpisapd; gUt ,j

opYk; ,d;bad; md;bUtup> gz;ila

,yq;iff; fntl;Lfs; E ,U

njhFjpfspYk; gpuRukhapd. gz;ila

,yq;iff; fntl;Lfs; E 172

fntl;Lfis cNuhk tuptbtj;jp

je;jpUg;gNjhL> mtw;wpd; nkhopng

aHg;G mr;RUf;fs; vd;gdtw;iwAk;

nfhz;bUe;jJ. KyH 1879 jkJ

gjtpap ,Ue;J tpyfpdhH. Kyupd;

Ma;Tfs; Nfhl;rpkpj; vOjpatw;iw

tpl jpl;lKiwap mike;jit. mt

uJ gz;ila fntl;Lf;fs; E

gpd;dhsp ,d;Dk; rpwg;ghd Kiw

ap ntspaplg;gl;l ‘vgpfpwhgpah rpy-

dpf;fh’ (Epigraphia Zelanica) njhlH

EfSf;F Kd;Ndhbahf mike;jd.

,yq;iff; fntl;Lfis GjpanjhU

gjpg;ghf ntspapLk; Njit ,Ue;jJ.

1890 njhypa jpizf;fsj;jpd;

jiytuhf epakdk; ngw;w jpU vr;.rp.gp.

ng Gjpa gjpg;gpd; Njitia ed;F

czHe;jhH. mtH njhypa Ma;T

fisAk; njhlHe;J Kiwg;gb elj;jp

dhH. mtH Ew;Wf;fzf;fhd gpuhkpf;

fntl;Lfisf; fz;nlLj;Jg; gpuR

upj;jhH. mtw;wpw;F thrpg;G nra;J

tpsf;fk; mspj;j> nkhop ngaHj;j

vd;gdTk; mtuh nra;ag;gl;ld.

‘vgpfpwhgpah rpydpf;fhtpd; KjyhtJ

gjpg;ghrpupauhd nlhd; khHl;bNdh

brpth tpf;fpukrpq;f> nahd; ];up

MfpNahH ng mtHfsh gapw;Wtpf;

fg;gl;l mtuJ cjtpahsHfshtH.

mf;fhyj;jp ntspte;J nfhz;bUe;j

vgpfpwhgpah ,z;bfh (EPI Graphia In-dica) vd;w gUt ,jopidg; Nghd;W

fntl;ba. njhlHghd gUt ,jo;

,yq;ifap ntspaplg;gl Ntz;Lk;

vd;gij jpU. vr;.rp.gp. ng murhq;

fj;jpw;F jkJ MNyhridahf Kd;

itj;jhH. ,e;j MNyhrid murhq;fj;

jh Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. yz;ld;

gfiyf;fofj;jp rk];fpUjk;> rpq;f

sk;> jkpo; Mfpa ghlq;fspd; tpupT

iuahsuhf ,Ue;j nlhd; khHbd];

rpth tpf;fpukrpq;fit vgpfpwhgpah

rpydpf;fh vd;w ngaup ,yq;iff;

fntl;Lfis gjpg;gpj;J ntspapLk;

gzpf;F murhq;fk; epakdk; nra;jJ.

mg;gzpia yz;ldp ,Ue;jthNw

mtH nra;J nfhLj;jhH. 1904 mjd;

Kjyhk; njhFjp ntspahapw;W> 1929

mtH gzp Xa;T ngWk;tiu mtH

njhlHe;J mjd; ,uz;lhk;> %d;whk;

njhFjpfisAk; ntspapl;lhH. ,yq;if

rptp Nrit cj;jpNahfj;juhf ,Ue;j

jpU vr;.lgps;A. nfhl;wpq;ld; %d;whk;

njhFjpapd; gjpg;G Ntiyap tpf;fp

ukrpq;ftpw;F xj;jhirahf ,Ue;jhH.

nfhl;wpq;ld; ehd;fhk; njhFjpia

ntspapl;lhH. nfhl;wpq;ld; ,yq;ifapd;

ehzatpa Ma;Tfspw;Fg; Gfo;ngw;

wtH. MapDk; ,yq;iff; fntl;ba

Yf;Fk; mtuJ gq;fspg;G ,izahd

Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;jjhFk;.

tpf;fpukrpq;ftpw;F mLj;J fntl;b

ayhsuhf epakdk; ngw;wtH fyhepjp.

Nrduj; guztpj;jhd MtH. ,tH

1929k; Mz;L fntl;bayhsuhf

epakdk; ngw;whH. mjd; gpd;dH 1940

- 1956 fhyj;jp mtH njhypa

MizahsH gjtpap flikahw;wp

dhH. mtH ftpg; Gyikah rpwe;

Njhq;fpatH. mtH njhypa jpizf;

fsj;jp ,ize;J nfhz;l gpd;dH

fntl;ba Ma;Tj;Jiwap Gjpa

Afk; xd;W cjakhdJ vdyhk;.

1972 mtH ,wf;Fk;tiu fntl;

Lf;fisf; fz;Lgpbj;j> mtw;iwg;

gjpg;gpj;j> tpsf;fkspj;j Mfpa

gzpfisr; nra;jhH. ngUe;njhif

ahd fntl;Lf;fis ntspf;nfhzHe;

jhH. jkJ jha; nkhopahk; rpq;fsj;

NjhL ghsp> rk];fpUjk;> jkpo; Mfpa

nkhopfspYk; mtH mwpT ngw;wpUe;

jhH. mtH rpy jkpo;> rk];fpUjf;

fntl;Lf;fisAk; $lg; gjpg;gpj;

Js;shH. jpU.vr;. fpU\;z rh];jpup

vd;Dk; fntl;ba epGzuplk; ,e;

jpah nrd;W ,tH gapw;rp ngw;whH.

nghyd;eWttp fz;nlLf;fg;gl;l

Kjyhk; tp[aghFtpd; jkpo; f

ntl;Nl ,tuh gjpg;gpf;fg;gl;l Kj

yhtJ fntl;lhFk;. ,yq;ifapd;

fntl;baYf;F mtupd; gq;fspg;ghf

‘vgpfpwhgpah rpydpf;fh’ njhFjp IV -V vd;gdtw;iwAk; rpfpup fpuhgpb (Si-giri Graffiti) vdg;gLk; rpfpupa Rtnu

Oj;Jf;fs; gw;wpa ,uz;L njhFjp

fs;> ,yq;iff; fntl;Lfs; ,U

njhFjpfs; (fp.gp 4k; Ew;whz;L tiu

ahdit) Mfpatw;iwAk; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

fntl;Lfspd; tupfSf;F ,ilap

ntspg;gLk; vOj;Jf;fs; (InterlinearInscriptions) tifahd fntl;Lf;f

isAk; gbj;jjhf mtH $wpdhH.

,it gw;wpAk; mtH epiwa vOjp

As;shH. MapDk; ,tH Fwpg;gpLk;

tupfSf;F ,ilapyhd vOj;Jf;fspd;

cz;ikj;jd;ik Fwpj;J JiwrhH

epGzHfshd tuyhw;W MrpupaHfSk;>

fntl;bayhsHfSk; Iak; njuptpj;

Js;shHfs;. Mifah ,t;tplak;

re;Njfj;jpw;F ,lkw;w tifap cz;

ikahdit vd ep&gpf;fg;gLk; tiu

fntl;Lfs; gw;wpa RUf;f tuyh-

whd ,f;fl;Liuap mtH Fwpg;gpL

td gw;wpr; NrHj;Jf; nfhs;stpayhJ.

tupfSf;F ,ilapyhd vOj;Jf;fs;

(Inter linear Inscriptions) gw;wpa ,tH

fUj;Jf;fisj; jtpHj;J> ,tuJ f

ntl;ba Ma;Tfis KOikahf

njhFj;J Nehf;Fk; NghJ ,yq;if

apd; fntl;bayhsHfsp <L ,iz

aw;wtuhf ,tH tpsq;FfpwhH. f

ntl;ba gw;wpa mtuJ fl;Liufs;

Mrpa Ntj;jpa fofj;jpd; ,yq;iff;

fpisapd; gUt ,jopYk; ,yq;if

tpQ;Qhd gUt ,jo; gpupT G (CeylonJournal of Science Sect- G) vd;gdtw;

wpYk; ntspahapd. gpd;dH A+dpNtH

rpl;b xt; rpNyhd; uptpA (The Univer-sity of Ceylon Review) ,jop mtH

Nguhjidg; gfiyf;fofj;jpd; njh

ypa Muha;r;rpg; Nguhrpupauhf (1957

-1965) ,Ue;j fhyj;jpYk; ntspahapd.

1947k; Mz;L njhypa jpizf;f

sj;jpd; gzpap NrHe;J nfhz;l fyh

epjp rp.<. nfhlFk;Gw rpy Mz;Lfs;

yz;ld; gfiyf;fofj;jp ,Ue;

jhH. gpd;dH> kPz;Lk; jpUk;gp te;J

fhyhepjp guztpj;jhdtpd; ,lj;jp

njhypa Mizahsuhfg; Ik;gJ

fspd; gpw;gFjpap flikNaw;whH.

nfhlFk;Gw mtHfSk; xU fntl;

bayhsH MtH. mtH jdf;F Kd;

dpUe;j fyhepjp guztpj;jhdTld;

,ize;J ‘vgpfpwhgpah rpydpf;fh’tpd;

njhFjp Ie;ijg; gjpg;gpj;J ntspapl;

lhH. mj;NjhL Inscriptions of Ceylon(,yq;iff; fntl;Lfs;) E gjpg;

gpYk; mtUf;F cjtpdhH.

njhypa jpizf;fsj;jpd; cjtp

Mizahsuhf ,Ue;j fyhepjp rjh

kq;fy fUzhuj;jpd yz;ld; gf

iyf; fofj;jp jkJ fyhepjpg; gl;l

gbg;Gf;fhf ,yq;ifapd; gpuhkpf; f

ntl;Lfs; gw;wp Muha;e;jhH. xU f

ntl;bayhsH vd;w Kiwap mtH

jkf;F Kd;G gzp nra;jtHfs; f

ntl;bapYf;F nra;j gzpiaj; njhlHe;

jhH.

murhq;fj;jh fntl;bayhsHfshf

epakdk; ngw;wtHfs; fntl;baYf;

Fg; gzpahw;wpapUg;gNjhL NtW> KO

Neug; gzpfsp ,Ue;jthNw jkJ

tpUg;Gf;Fupa gzpahf fntl;ba

Ma;it Nkw;nfhz;l rpyiuAk; ,t;

tplj;Jf; Fwpg;gpLj Ntz;Lk;. jpU.

n`d;wp ghHf;fH (ePHg;ghrdg; nghwp

apayhsH) vd;gtUk;> jpU. rp.lgps;A.

epf;fy]; (kJtupj; jpizf;fsj;jpd;

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lkhff;Fwpg;gpl;Lr; nrhyg;gl Ntz;

ba fntl;bayhsHfs; MtH.

,yq;ifg; gfiyf;fofj;jp njh

ypa fw;iff;Fupa xU ghlkhf

mwpKfk; nra;ag;gl;lJk;> fntl;b

a Ma;tp khztHfsp xU gFjp

apduhtJ fuprid nfhs;Sk; epiy

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jkpo; Mfpatw;wp rpwg;Gf; fiyj;

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fSf;F ,yq;iff; fntl;baYk;

njhnyOj;jpaYk; gw;wpa mbg;g

ilfs; gw;wpa ghlk; mwpKfk; nra;

ag;gl;lJ. ,jdh ,j;Jiwap gap

Yk; khztHfs; rpyup ,J ngUk;

jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jpaJ. jkJ gl;lg;

gbg;ig epiwT nra;jgpd;dH mtH

fsp rpyH rpwe;j fntl;bayhsHf

shf (cUthfpf; nfhz;bUe;jdH) /MapdH.

njhnyOj;jpa (Palaeography) gw;

wpa mwpT ,yhk fntl;ba

Ma;it Kiwg;gb Nkw;nfhs;Sj

,ayhJ. fp.K. %d;whk; Ew;whz;bd;

gpuhkp vOj;Jf;fs; njhlf;fk; rpq;fs

vOj;J tuptbtk; tsHr;rpaile;j

tuyhw;iwf; fhl;Lk; newpKiwg;gl;l

njhnyOj;jpa ml;ltiz jah

upf;fg;gLjYk; khw;wq;fis tpsf;F

jYk; khw;wq;fSf;fhd fhuzq;fis

vLj;Jf; fhl;LjYk; mtrpakhd gzp

ahFk;. ,g;gzpia jifik cila

mwpQHfshd fyhepjp Nrduj; guz

tpj;jhd> rp.lgps;A. epf;fy];> fyhepjp

nj. tpkyhde;j> fyhepjp gp.<. ngH

zhz;Nlh> fyhepjp V.vr;. lhdp Mfp-

NahH xusTf;F epiwNtw;wpAs;s dH.

,yq;ifap jkpo; vOj;J tup tbtk;

tsHr;rpAw;w tuyhW ,dpNk jhd;

vOjg;gl Ntz;bAs;sJ.

,yq;ifapd; fntl;ba tuyhW

gw;wpa ,r;rpW Ma;Tiuap jkpo; f

ntl;Lf;fs; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gplg;glhJtp

bd; mJ epiwTila xd;whf mika

khl;lhJ> jkpo;f; fntl;Lf;fs; gw;wp

1950fspd; gpw;gFjp tiu cupa ft

dk; nrYj;jg;gltpiy. Vwf;Fiwa

200 jkpo;f; fntl;Lfs; ,Jtiu

fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,tw;Ws; rpy

gj;njhd;gjhk; Ew;whz;bd; gpw;gFjp

ap fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lit. MapDk;

ngUk;ghd;ikahdit ,Ugjhk; Ew;

whz;bNyNa fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;ld.

tz Fnt];Nwh]; jpUNfhzkiyap

cs;s fntl;L xd;iwg; gw;wpf; Fwpg;

gpl;bUg;gij Kd;dNu Fwpg;gpl;Nlhk;.

fyhepjp Kyupd; fntl;Lfs; gw;

wpa ml;ltizap rpy jkpo; f

ntl;Lf;fSk; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sd. K

yH ml;ltiz ntspahd fhyj;jpNy

`pA netp fpof;F khfhzj;jp

fz;nlLf;fg;gl;l ,U fntl;Lfis

gpuRupj;jhH. ‘jg;gpuNgdpad;’ vd;w ,j

op gpuRukhd mf;fntl;Lfspd;

cNuhkhdpa tuptbt vOj;Jg; ngaHg;

Gk;> Mq;fpy nkhopngaHg;Gk; `pA

netp mtHfsh jug;gl;bUe;jd.

mtuJ thrpg;Gk;> nghUs; tpsf;fKk;

FiwAilaNjDk;> mtuJ Kaw;rp

Fwpg;gpl;Lr; nrhyg;gl Ntz;baJ.

,Ugjhk; Ew;whz;bd; njhlf;fj;jpNy

njhypa jpizf;fs Mizahs

uhf ,Ue;j jpU. vr;.rp.gp. ng jkpo;f;

fntl;Lf;fis jpU. vr;. fpU\;z

rh];jpup vd;Dk; Gfo;ngw;w njd;dpe;

jpaf; fntl;bayhsupd; cjtpAld;

gjpg;gpj;jhH. ,yq;ifapd; ,Ugj;jp

ahW jkpo;f; fntl;Lfs; jpU. vr;.

fpU\;z rh];jpup gjpg;gpj;j ‘njd;dpe;

jpaf; fntl;Lf;fs;’ (South Indian In-scriptions) njhFjp ehd;fp (1924) ,lk;

ngw;wd. jpU. ng mtHfNs Kjw;

jlitahf nfhl;lfk jkpo;f; fntl;

ilg; gjpg;gpj;jhH. tpf;fpukrpq;f ,d;

ndhU jkpo;f;fntl;ilg; gjpg;gpj;

jhH.

njhlu;jy; 79k; gf;fk;

,yq;ifap...77k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...

jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 79 -

fyhepjp. v];. guztpjhd rpy jkpo;f;

fntl;Lf;fisg; gjpg;gpj;Js;shH.

,tH gjpg;gpj;jtw;Ws; GJKj;jhit

ap fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;litAk; mlq;Fk;.

fhypap fz;nlLf;fg;gl;l Kk;nkhopf;

fw;gyifapd; jkpo; vOj;Jf;fisAk;

thrpj;Jg; guztpj;jhd gjpg;gpj;jhH.

KjypahH ,uhrehafKk; Rthkp

Qhdg;gpufhrUk; jkpo; fntl;Lf;fsp

Yk; kpFe;j MHtj;ijr; nrYj;jpdhH.

Rthkp Qhdg;gpufhrH fntl;Lf;fs;

vtw;iwAk; gjpg;gpf;ftpiy. Mdh

mtH eapdhjPTf; fntl;il thrpg;

gjw;F Kaw;rp nra;jNjhL mjidg;

Gifg;glk; vLj;Js;shH. KjypahH

,uhrehafKk; aho;g;ghzf; fntl;

Lf;fs; %d;iw thrpf;fTk;> mtw;iw

tpsf;fTk; gjpg;gpf;fTk; Kad;whH.

,k;%d;W fntl;Lfsp xd;W eap

dhjPT ehfG+rzp mk;kd; Nfhtp

fntl;lhFk;. ,J gw;wp VyNt Fwpg;

gpl;Nlhk;. Vida ,uz;Lk; cUk;gp

uha; fUzhfug; gps;isahH Myaf;

fntl;Lf;fshFk;. mz;ikf;fhyk;

tiu aho;g;ghzj;jp fz;nlLf;fg;gl;l

rpy fntl;Lf;fsp KjypahH ,uhr

ehafk; fz;nlLj;j Nkw;gb %d;W

fntl;LfSk; mlq;Fk;. ,tw;Ws;

Kjyhtjhd eapdhjPTf; fntl;bd;

thrfj;ijAk; mjd; nkhopngaHg;

igAk; jkJ gz;ila aho;g;ghzk;

(‘Ancient Jaffna’) vd;Dk; Mq;fpy

Eyp je;Js;shH. fyhepjp v];. gu

ztpj;jhd ntspapl;l rpy jkpo;f; f

ntl;Lf;fis thrpj;j> mtw;iw gjpg;

gpj;j Mfpa gzpfspYk; KjypahH

,uhrehafk; cjtpGupe;jhH.

aho;g;ghzj;jp ,Ue;J Kd;dH ntsp

te;J nfhz;bUe;j <oNfrup gj;jpupif>

ftpaq;fhL nrg;NgLfs; gw;wpAk;

eapdhjPT jkpo;f; fntl;Lg; gw;wpAk;

1930fsp rpy fl;Liufis ntspapl;

lJ.

fhyk; nrd;w fyhepjp f. fzgjpg;

gps;is ,yq;ifg; gfiyf; fofj;

jp jkpo;g; Nguhrpupauhff; flikahw;

wpatH. mtH jdJ fyhepjpg; gl;lj;

jpw;fhf ,ilf;fhyg; ghz;baH f

ntl;Lf;fs; gw;wp Muha;e;J Ma;Ntl;

ilr; rkHg;gpj;jhH. ,J yz;ld; g

fiyf;fofj;jpw;F rkHg;gpf;fg;gl;lJ.

mtH nghJthf fntl;Lf;fs; gw;

wpa Ma;tpYk;> njhnyOj;jpa gw;

wpa Ma;tpYk; MHtk; nryj;jpdhH

vdpDk;> fntl;Lf;fspd; nkhop gw;

wpNa gpujhd ftdk; nrYj;jpdhH.

,yq;ifg; gfiyf; fofj;jp jkpo;>

gz;ila tuyhW vd;gdtw;wp rpwg;

Gf; fiykhzp gl;lg;gbg;ig Nkw;

nfhz;l khztHfSf;F mtH jkpo;f;

fntl;ba> jkpo; njhnyOj;jpa

Mfpa ghlq;fsp tpupTiu epfo;j;jp

dhH. ,f;fhyj;jp mtH ,yq;ifapd;

jkpo;f; fntl;Lf;fs; %d;iwg; gjpg;

gpj;jhH. mj;NjhL jkpop vOj;Jf;f

iyapd; tsHr;rp gw;wpAk; jkpo; ,yf;

fpaq;fis tha;nkhop epiyap ,Ue;J

vOj;J tbtj;jpw;F khw;wk; nra;ag;

gl;lik gw;wpAk; fl;Liunahd;iwAk;

vOjpdhH. vOJtjw;Fj; jkpoHfs;

gad;gLj;jpa rhjdq;fs; gw;wp ,d;

ndhU fl;LiuAk; mtH vOjpdhH.

fhyk; nrd;w NguhrpupaH f. fzgjpg;

gps;is fntl;Lf;fs; gytw;iwg;

gjpg;gpj;jtH myNuDk; jdJ khz

tHfs; kj;jpap fntl;ba gw;wpa

MHtj;ij mtH Jz;btpl;lhH. mt

uJ khztHfsp ,UtH Fwpg;gplg;

gl Ntz;batHfs;. xUtH jkpo;g;

Nguhrpupauhfpa M. NtYg;gps;is

MtH. kw;wtH NguhrpupaH fh. ,e;jpu

ghyh mtHfshtH. tuyhw;wha;ths

uhfpa fh. ,e;jpughyh ,yq;ifapd;

fntl;baYf;F mupa Nritia

Mw;wp tUfpwhH. ,tHfs; ,UtUk;

ikR+up cs;s khdr fq;Nfhj;jpup

vDk; mrhq;f fntl;ba mYty

fj;jp fntl;ba Jiwap gapw;rp

ngw;wtHfs;> NguhrpupaH M. NtYg;

gps;is fntl;ba Ma;Tf;fhf

,U fyhepjpg; gl;lq;fisg; ngw;wtH.

xUgl;lj;ij ,yq;ifg; Nguhjidg;

gfiyf;fofj;jpYk;> ,d;ndhU gl;

lj;ij xf;];NghHl; gfiyf;fofj;jp

Yk; mtH ngw;whH. mtH Vwf;Fiwa

Ik;gJ ,yq;iff; fntl;Lf;fisg;

gjpg;gpj;Js;shH. gUt ,jo;fspYk;

,yq;ifj; njhypa jpizf;fsj;

jpYk; rpjwpf; fple;j fntl;Lf;fis

,tH njhFj;J ,yq;ifj; ‘jkpo;f;

fntl;Lf;fs;’ (Ceylon Tamil Inscrip-tions) vd;w ngaup ,U Efshf

mtH ntspapl;lhH. Kjyp ‘vgpfp-

whgpah rpydpf;fh njhlH ntspapl;Lf;

fhf ,tw;iw jahupj;jhH. MapDk;

jkJ nrhe;jr; nrytpNyNa ntspapl;

lhH. gpd;dH ,it vgpfpwhgpah rpy-

dpf;fh (EPI Graphia Zeylanica) VIk;njhFjpap NrHf;fg;gl;ld. ,tH ‘rhr

dKk; jkpOk;’ vd;w ngaup mupa

njhU Eiy vOjpAs;shH. ,jd;

gpd;dH mtH fntl;ba gw;wpa

ngWkjp kpf;f ,U EfisAk; vOjp

ntspapl;Ls;shH. jkpo; fntl;Lf;f

sp fpisnkhop tof;Ffs; (Study ofDialects in Inscriptional Tamil (Nfusg;

gfiyf;fofk;> jpUtde;jGuk;). vd;

Dk; E 1976 mtuh ntspaplg;

gl;lJ. kw;nwhU Eyhd ‘jkpopa

ftpf;fhd fntl;ba rhd;Wfs;’

(Epigraphical Evidence for Tamil Studies- nrd;id> 1981) gpd;dH ntspahapw;W.

NguhrpupaH fh. ,e;jpughyh mtHfs;

njhypaYf;F nra;j mupa gq;fspg;

Gk; Kf;fpak; tha;e;jjhFk;. Vw;fdNt

mwpag;gl;lbUe;j jkpo; fntl;Lf;

fs; gUt ,jo;fspYk;> njhypa

jpizf;fsj;jpYk; rpjwpf; fple;jd.

,tw;iw mtH njhFj;Jg; gjpg;gpj;

jhH. mj;NjhL epyhJ fs Ma;tp

<Lgl;L gy fntl;Lf;fis mtH

fz;Lgpbj;jhH. mf;fntl;Lf;fspd;

mr;Rg;gbkq;fisg; ngWj> thrpj;

Jg; nghUs; nfhs;Sj> gjpg;gpj;j

Mfpa gzpfspYk; <Lgl;l mtH

Kjyp ‘rpe;jid’ vd;Dk; ,jop

mtw;iw ntspapl;lhH. (‘rpe;jid’

mtuh ntspaplg;gl;L te;j gUt

,johFk;). gpd;dH ‘vgpfpwhgpah jkp

opf;fh’ (,JTk; mtuh gjpg;gpj;J

ntspaplg;gl;l gUt ,johFk;) vd;

Dk; gUt ,jop jhk; fz;nlLj;j

fntl;Lf;fis ntspapl;lhH. ,e;jpu

ghyh mtHfs; Vwf;Fiwa Ik;gJ

tiuahd jkpo;f; fntl;Lf;fisg;

gjpg;gpj;Js;shH. mtH rpq;fsf; f

ntl;Lf;fis thrpj;Jg; nghUs; nfhs;

tjpYk; jpwik kpf;ftuhtH. 1972k;

Mz;b mtH NtW ,UtUld;

NrHe;J aho;g;ghzk; njhypa fo

fk; vd;Dk; mikg;gpid epWtpdhH.

mt;tikg;gpd; mDruizAld; mtH

,yq;ifap Kjd; Kjyhf 1972

Kj 1976 tiu fntl;ba gw;wpa

njhlH nrhw;nghopTfis elj;jpdhH.

fntl;bayp MHtk; fhl;batHf

sp NguhrpupaH v];. gj;kehjd;> fyh

epjp. v];. Fzrpq;fk; MfpNahiuAk;

Fwpg;gpLj Ntz;Lk;. mtHfspUtUk;

jdpj;jdpNa aho;g;ghzk; ftpaq;

fhL nrg;NgLfis gjpg;gpg;gjp gq;

fspg;Gr; nra;jdH. fyhepjp. v];.Fz

rpq;fk; jpUNfhzkiy khtl;lj;jpd;

fntl;Lf;fs; rpytw;iwAk; ntspapl;

lhH. gj;kehjd;> Fzrpq;fk; Mfpa

,UtUk; NtW rpy fntl;Lf;fis

gjpg;gpg;gjpYk;> kPs; gjpg;Gr; nra;tjp

Yk; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Js;sdH. ,yq;

ifapd; vyhj; jkpo;f; fntl;Lf;f

isAk; xspg;glq;fSld; jdpEyhf

rpwg;Gwg; gjpg;gpj;J ntspapLj ,d;

Dk; nra;J Kbf;fg;glhj gzpahfNt

cs;sJ. mj;jifa E xd;wp jkp

op vOj;J tuptbtk; tsHr;rpAw;w

tuyhW gw;wpAk; xU Fwpg;Gr; NrHf;

fg;gLjYk; Ntz;Lk;. jkpo;f; fntl;

Lf;fs; njhFj;Jg; gjpg;gpf;fg;gLjypd;

Njit Fwpj;J jpU. b.up. NjNte;jpu

jkJ ‘,yq;ifj; njhypaypd; tu

yhW (Story of Ceylon Archaeology. 1969)vd;Dk; Eyp gf;: 18 Fwpg;gpl;

Ls;shH. ,e;E njhypa jpizf;

fsk; epWtg;gl;ljd; xU Ew;whz;L

epiwtpid xl;b ntspaplg;gl;lnjhU

EyhFk;. jkpo;f; fntl;Lf;fs;

njhFjp ntsptUtjd; Njit Fwpj;J

NjNte;jpu 1969 Fwpg;gpl;ljd; gpd;

dH> NguhrpupaH M. NtYg;gps;isAk;

NguhrpupaH fh. ,e;jpughyhTk; Nkw;F

wpg;gpl;l njhFjpfis ntspapl;ldH.

,it NjNte;jpu Rl;bf; fhl;ba

gzpia XusTf;F epiwNtw;wpAs;sd.

fyhepjp v];. guztpj;jhdTk; NtWrp

yUk; fntl;ba tsHr;rpf;F cjtp

aijg; Nghd;W> rk];fpUj nkhopf;

fntl;Lfisg; gbg;gjw;Fk;> Ma;T

nra;tjw;Fk; fyhepjp b. gd;drhu>

fyhepjp. vd;. Kjpahd;Nr Mfpa ,U

tH Fwpg;gplf; $ba gq;fspg;ig e

fpdH.

,d;W tiu ,yq;ifap fz;Lgpbf;

fg;gl;l fntl;Lfspd; vz;zpf;if

Vwj;jho 3>000 MFk;. xt;NthH Mz;

Lk; ,e;j vz;zpf;ifap mjpfupg;G

Vw;gl;L tUfpwJ. Fwpg;ghf ,yq;if

apd; tuz;l tyaq;fspd; fhLfs;

gapHr;nra;iff;fhf mopf;fg;gLk;NghJ>

mg;gFjpfsp fntl;Lfs; fz;L

gpbf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,yq;ifapd; gz;

ila epidTr; rpd;dq;fis kPl;nl

Lf;Fk; Ntiy fyhrhu Kf;Nfhzj;

jpl;lg;gFjpap ngUk; mstp Nkw;

nfhs;sg;gLtjh mq;Fk; ngUe;

njhifahd fntl;Lfs; fpilj;jp

Ug;gjhf mwptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mE-

uhjGuk; najdtduhkatpw;F mUfp

fz;nlLf;fg;gl;l VO nghw;jfLfs;

Fwpg;gpl;Lr; nrhyf;$ba fz;Lgp

bg;ghFk;. ,it rk];fpUj nkhopapy;

nghwpf;fg;gl;lit. najtd tpfhua

kfh[d ngsj;jj;jpw;Fupa tpfhiuah

Fk;. ,g;nghw;jfLfsp gpurpj;jp ngw;w

gpuf;Qh ghukpj;jp R+j;jpuk; nghwpf;fg;

gl;Ls;sJ.

,Ugjhk; Ew;whz;bd; gpw;gFjpap

,sk; jiyKiwiar; NrHe;j mwp

thsHfs; kj;jpap ehl;b Vw;gl;L

tUk; gz;ghl;L kWkyHr;rp fhuzkhf

fntl;ba Jiwap MHtk; kpFe;J

tUtijf; fhzKbfpwJ. ,jid

eyNjhH mwpFwpahff; nfhs;syhk;.

crhj;Jiz:• vgpfpwhgpf;fh nrydpf;fh

(E.Z) 1 – VI 1904 - 1973• NjNte;jpu. b.up. njhypa fofk;

,yq;if nfhOk;G 1969

• nfhlFk;Gw rp.<. History of Archaeology inCeylon. Jars ,yq;iff;fpis

njhFjp XVIII, 1969 gf;: 1-38.

• v.v];. nguuh. ,yq;ifap epWtdmikg;Gf;fspd; tsHr;rp> gz;ilf;fhyk;

Kj fp.gp. 1016 tiu> ,yq;ifg;gfiyf;fofk; nfhOk;G 1949

fyhepjpg;gl;l Ma;T (Mq;fpyk;)

• Nu.vr;.rp History of Ceylon Vol – I Part - I 960 66 - 71

shanmugalingam@thaiveedu.com

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Special Training Program

- 80 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 81 -

dJ gjpNdohtJ tajp

ePjpkd;wj;jpd; nkhop

ngaHg;ghsuhff; flik

ahw;wpatH. jha; nkhopahfpa jkpop

kl;Lkd;wp Mq;fpyk;> rpq;fsk;> rk;];fp

Ujk;> `pg;&> muG> NghHj;Jf;Nfak;>

lr;R> ,yj;jPd;> fpNuf;fk; Mfpa nkhop

fsp NjHr;rp ngw;wtH. ,e;jg; gd;

nkhop tpj;jfHjhd; Kjd;Kjyhfj;

jkpo;g;GytHfspd; tuyhw;iwg; gjpT-

nra;jtH vd;gij mwpAk; NghJ ,t

Uf;F 75 Mz;LfSf;Fg; gpd;dH gpwe;j

kfhftp ghujpapd; ‘ahkwpe;j nkhopf-

spNy jkpo;nkhopNgh ,dpjhtnjq;

Fk; fhNzhk;’ vd;Dk; ghltupfs;

ek; epidTf;F tUtijj; jtpHf;fK-

bahJ.

<oj;jpUehl;bd; Gj;jsk; khtl;lj;jp

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mjpfhupahfg; gjtpNaw;w irkd; fhrpr;

nrl;b mtHfs;jhd; ehd; Fwpg;gpLk;

jkpowpQH. jkpo;g;GytH tuyhw;iw

jkpo; G@lhHf; (Tamil Plutarch) vd;

Dk; ngaup Mq;fpyj;jp gjpTnra;

jtH.

mtH jdJ ,yf;fpa eak; tha;e;j

gilg;ghd jkpo; G@lhHf;fpw;F

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ap vOJfpwhH:

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jkpo; kpfTk; Gfo;ngw;w me;j];ijg;

ngw;Ws;sJ> ,k;nkhop Kd;dhsp

Nru Nrho ghz;ba ehLfs; vd;W

mwpag;gl;l gpuNjrq;fspYk; ,yq;

ifapd; tlf;F fpof;Fg; gpuNjrq;fsp

Yk; thOk; kf;fSf;F cupaJ. jkpo;

vd;gJ ,k;nkhopapd; ,dpikiaf;

Fwpf;f vOe;j ngauhFk;.

xU jpwikahd fPioj;NjakuG Ma;

thsuhd nla;yuh rupahff; fzpf;

fg;gl;lgb> ‘kdpjdh Ngrg;gLk; fd

jpahd> Ja;ikahd> nkU$l;lg;gl;l

nkhopfsp jkpOk; xd;whFk;’. G+kpap

cs;s ehLfSs; xUrpykl;LNk jkp

oHfisg; Ngh Vuhskhd ftpQHf

isf; nfhz;ltHfs; ehk; vdg; ngU

ikg;glKbAk;. ftpijNa jkpoH kj;

jpap nkhopapd; Kj epiyahd tb

tkhfj; Njhd;WfpwJ. mNg LNghap];

vd;Dk; mwpQH Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sJNgh>

‘jkpoHfsplk; ciueilap vOjg;

gl;l xU gz;ila Gj;jfk; ,iy>

kUj;Jtk; $l ciueilap ,iy.’

jkpopd; ngUikia ,d;W giwrhw;

wpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; mfehDW> Gw

ehDW Nghd;w rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fSk;

rpyg;gjpfhuk; Nghd;w fhg;gpaq;fSk;

gutyhf mwpag;glhj fhyj;jp tho;e;

jtH irkd; fhrpr;nrl;b mtHfs;.

vdpDk;> jhk; gbj;j jpUf;Fws;> fk;

guhkhazk;> Nghd;w kj;jpa fhyj;J

Efs; thapyhfj; jkpopd; ngUik

iaAk; ,dpikiaAk; mwpe;J mk;

nkhopah <Hf;fg;gl;ljd; fhuzkhfj;

jhk; mwpa Neupl;l jkpo;g;GytHfspd;

tuyhw;iwg; gjpT nra;aj; Jzpe;jhH.

mJfhytiu vtUk; Nkw;nfhs;shj

Kaw;rp ,J.

‘kiwthf ekf;Fs;Ns goq;fijfs;

NgRtjp kfpik ,iy. jpwkhd

Gyiknadp gpwehl;lhH mij tzf;

fk; nra;j Ntz;Lk;’ vd;W ghba

ghujp gpwg;gjw;F ,Ugj;jpuz;L Mz;

LfSf;F Kd;dNuNa jkpo;g; GytHf

spd; tho;f;if gw;wpAk; mtHfsJ

gilg;Gf;fs; gw;wpAk; jhk; mwpe;j

tw;iw Mq;fpyj;jp gjpT nra;J

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jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 83 -

- 84 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

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jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 85 -

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- gf;fk; 82-84

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rpq;fhuk; epiwa vOjp> rPdpia ek;

kPJk; tPrp ek;ikAk;

kUl;bapUf;fyhk;.

samraj@thaiveedu.com

tuyhw;wpd;...84k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...

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- 86 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 87 -dpjg; guk;g capHtho;

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njhlu;jy; 88k; gf;fk;

- 88 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

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nfhz;bUe;jJ JuJuj;jpypUe;Jk;

njupe;Jnfhz;L ,Ue;jJ. nta;ap

mg;NghNj RsPuplj; Jtq;fpapUe;jJ.

fpzw;wbapd; nropj;j G+tuR epoyp

Ml;lfhuH epd;W Xa;ntLg;gJk;> fsj;

Jf;F tUtJkhapUe;jdH.

mg;NghJ Njhsp njhq;fg;Nghl;l

rhf;F %l;ilAld; fNzrd; te;JNrHe;

jhd;. fUfUntd;W tsHe;jpUe;j clk;

gp fha;e;j NtHit vz;nza;g; gpbg;

gha; kpDkpDf;f> Gjpjha; CWk;

tpaHit ePuha; tope;Jnfhz;bUe;jJ.

‘fNzrd; te;jpl;lh’ndd;W [dq;fsp

ilNa ryryg;G vOe;jJ.

fNzrd; me;jT+Hf;fhudpiy. kz

ge;jj;jp te;Njwpatd;. te;Njwp rpy

Mz;Lfs;jhdpUf;Fk;. Ntl;ilf;Fr;

nrtJ> mjw;fhf eha;fisg; gapw;

WtJ> rthup ehk;gd;fs; tsHg;gJ>

rthupf;Fr; nrtJjhd; fNzrdpd;

njhop> nghOJNghf;F vyhNk.

ntspA+Hf;fhundd;w XH ,sf;fhuk;

Ml;lfhuupYk; ,Ue;jpUf;Fk;. mt;th

whd jUzq;fsp xUtifahd rpdk;

mtdJ Kfj;jp mg;gpapUf;Fk;. Nghd

tU\ Nghubap ,Wjptiu epd;W

nriyahtplj;jp Njhw;Wg;Nghdtd;

mtd;. me;j mtkhdj;ij mLj;j

tU\ Nghl;bapNy jPHj;Jf;nfhs;tjha;r;

nrhypj; jpupe;jij gyH mg;NghJ

epidj;jpUf;ff;$Lk;. nriyahTf;

Fk; me;j epidT vohkpypUf;f rhj;

jpakpiy. fNzrid xU ghHit

ghHj;jNjhL nriyah jpUk;gpf;nfhz;

lhYk;> jd; mjpUg;jpapd; xU fPiw

%Hf;fkha;f; fhl;Lgtd;Ngh jk;G

fsj;jp cUl;btpl;l xU nkype;j

Njq;fhia rpjwbj;JtpLk; cj;Ntfj;

NjhL ifj; Njq;fhia thfha; gpbj;j

gb mijj; jltpf;nfhz;Nl Rod;W

te;Jnfhz;bUe;jhd;.

Vw;fdNt jk;Gtpd; %d;W tpLNjq;

fha;fis mLj;jLj;J rpjw mbj;J

tpl;bUe;jhd; nriyah. jd;Dila

fha;fspypUe;J NjHe;njLj;j gjkhd

xU fhiaNa mg;NghJ jk;G fsj;

jp cUl;btpl;bUf;fpwhd;. mJTk;

jd;Ds; cWkpagb fU epwj;jpypUe;j

jd; cUtk; rpypHj;J fple;jpUe;jJ.

mJnthU Kf;fpakhd jUzk;. v

NyhUk; nriyahitNa ghHj;jgb

epw;fpd;wdH. jk;G cUl;btpl;l fhia

cw;WNehf;fpa rptrk;G> ‘kzpaj;jhH

tPl;L gpd;tsT kuj;Jf; fha;Nghy

fplf;F. mg;gpbnaz;lh nriyadhy

f\;uk;jhd;’ vd;W mUfp epd;wtdpd;

fhNjhuk; KZKZj;jhd;. vg;gb

me;jf; fNsguj;jpYk; mJ nriy

ahtpd; fhjp tpOe;jNjh? jpUk;gp

xU mf;dp Nehf;fpid vwpe;Jtpl;L>

jd; ftdj;ij tpLfhap nrYj;jpdhd;.

Nghubnad;gJ> fPNo cUl;btpLk;

Njq;fhia ,d;ndhU Njq;fhapdh

mbj;J nehUf;Ftnjd;gJ NkNyhl;l

khd tpguiz. mjw;fhd Maj;jq;

fSf;Nf Xuhz;lha; kpdf;nfLthHfs;

NghubfhuH. XL fdjpahd Njq;fha;

vq;nfq;Nf ,Uf;fpwnjd;gJ njupe;J>

nghr;Rupf;fhk mijf; nfhz;L te;J>

mJ KistplhjpUf;f rpwpJ ehs;

nta;apypYk; rpwpJehs; kioapYkha;

khwpkhwpg; Nghl;L> gpd; mij Njq;

fhapd; XL ,WFtjw;fha; fpzw;wp

Ds; Nghl;Litj;J vd ftdk; nfhs;s

Ntz;ba tp\aq;fs; epiwatpUe;jd.

ve;j tPl;bd;> ve;j kuj;Jf; fhia

gjk;gz;zp Nghubf;F xUtd; nfhz;L

tUfpwhndd;gJ ufrpa tprhuizf-

sp vg;NghJk; Jshtg;gl;Lf; nfhz;Nl

,Uf;Fk;. me;j ufrpak; ntw;wpapd;

xU R+l;Rkkhff; fzpf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ.

ifahidAk; tpLNjq;fhiaAk; gpupj;

njLg;gjpYk; kpFe;j rhJHak; Njitg;

gl;lJ. ,t;tsTf;Fg; gpd;dUk;> ft

dk; kpfj; Njitg;gl;lJ> mtw;iwf;

fsT Nghfhk fhg;ghw;Wtjp.

CupNy Njq;fha;f; fsT rhjhuzkhf

elg;gJjhd;. njd;de;Njhl;l tsTf;

Fs; Ks;S Ntyp jhz;bg; Ngha; gf

ypNyNa Njq;fha;f; fsTfs; ele;J

tpLk;. mJ xg;gPl;lstp kpfr;Rygkhd

fhupak;$l. Mdh NghHj; Njq;fha;f;

fsT ngUe;jpl;lkplyp elj;jg;gL

tJ. rpy tU\q;fspd; Kd; NghHj;

Njq;fha; fsntLf;fg; Ngha; gpbgl;l

rutiz gl;l mtkhdk; nfhQ;reQ;

rkpiy. mj;NjhL Nghub kwe;jtH

mtH.

NkYk; ifahdh tpLfhia mbg;g

jw;Fg; clw; gyk; kl;Lkpd;wp> kpFe;j

NjHr;rpAk; mtrpakhapUe;jJ. kpf;f

gyj;Jld; nrq;Fj;jha; ,wq;Fk; xU

ifahd;> cUl;btplg;gl;l rhjhuzkhd

XLila Njq;fhiaf;$l cilf;fh

k Nghff;$Lk;. rha;thf mbj;jhNyh

tpLfha; eOtp tpOe;j jhf;Fjypyp

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gyKk; Njit. tpj;ijAk; njupe;jp

Uf;fNtz;Lk;.

Mk; Nghub xU fiy.

Nghubf; fsj;jp nriyahtpd; if

jk;Gtpd; tpLfhia Nehf;fp ,wq;fpf;

nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. nriyahtpd; Mf;

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rpjwptpl;lnjd $bapUe;j rdk; %r;r

lq;fpg; ghHitia epiyFj;jpapUf;fp

wJ. rlhH….! jk;Gtpd; tpLfha; mb

tpOe;j mijg;gp Js;sp mg;gh

tpOe;Jfple;J rpwpJNeukha; cUz;L

nfhz;bUe;jJ. X… M… gyg;gy Xq;

fhuq;fs; $l;lj;jpdpilNa.

ryryg;G kiwa rpwpJNeukhapw;W.

jk;G epjhdkhfr; nrd;W rhf;fpdh

%b rpd;dhid fhtYf;F itj;jpUe;j

Fk;gypypUe;J xU fhia vLj;J te;

jhd;. mJNgh nriyahTk; jd;

Ms; ghJfhj;jpUe;j %l;ilapypUe;J

xU fhia ed;F myrpg;ghHj;J

vLj;Jte;J fsj;jp cUl;btpl;lhd;.

mJ fz;l rpd;dhd;> ‘cJ ruptuhJ’

vd;W fj;jpdhd;.

‘Vd;?’ vd;whd; nriyah.

‘jk;gupd;u %z;L tpLfhia xz;Lf;

Fg; gpd;d xz;lha; cilr;rpl;lha;.

mjhy eP ,g;g cd;u ifahidj;

jhd; tplNtZk;.’

‘ifahd tpNlyh. vq;fj;jpg; gof;fk;>

ifahd; tpLwJ? NtZnkz;lh ehd;

tpl;l fhia mbf;fr; nrhY. ,

yhl;bg; Nghfr; nrhY. mJrup…

,njyhk; Nff;f eP MH? $l thw

rpz;ZfSf;F me;j cupik fpil

ahJ.’

gpd;dh jk;G jiyapl tha;g; Ngr;R

tYj;jJ. FLk;g cwTfisf; nfhr;

irg; gLj;Jfpwkhjpupahd thHj;ijf

Sk; ntsptuj; Jtq;f ngupRfs; rpy

jiyapl;ld. kj;jpa];jj;jpw;F %j;

jhk;gpiaf; $g;gpl;lhHfs;. %j;jhk;gp

xU fhyj;jp Nghubap ngupa tpz;

zdha; ,Ue;jpUg;ghHNghy. jdf;Fj;

njupe;j Nghub mDgtj;jp me;jg;

gpur;rpidf;F mtH nrhd;d Kbit

,uz;L jug;GNk xg;Gf;nfhs;stpiy.

filrpap Af;jkha; xd;W nrhd;dhH:

‘cdf;Fk; Ntz;lhk;> mtDf;Fk;

Ntz;lhk;. uz;LNgUf;Fk; nghJtpy

xz;L nrhYwd;. Nff;fhl;b uz;L

NgUNk xJq;fpaplNtZk;. mJf;Fg;

gpwF uz;LNgUf;FNk fsj;jpy ,l

kpiy.’

kj;jpa];jj;jpw;F xg;Gf;nfhs;shk

Kuz;Lgpbf;fyhk; kj;jpa];jj;ijNa

kWjypj;Jtpl KbahJ. Ml;lfhuupd;

kdepiy vg;gbNah> Mdh rdk;

tpl;LtplhJ.

%j;jhk;gp jd; jPHg;igr; nrhd;dhH:

‘nriyad; ifahid tplj;jhd;

NtZk;. Mdh jk;gd; cilahj jd;u

tpLfhiaj;jhd; ,e;j Kiw ifah

dha;g; ghtpf;fNtZk;.’

,Wjpahf ,UtUk; me;j kj;jpa];

jj;jpw;F xg;Gf;nfhz;ldH.

jk;G tajhspahdhYk;> jz;Ljuj;jp

Fiwe;jtdpiy. cilahj tpL

fhia ifahdhf khw;wpf;nfhz;L

ntF El;gkhfj;jhd; jdJ mbia

njhlu;jy; 89k; gf;fk;

epidNtw;wk;...87k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...

jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 89 -

,wf;fpdhd;. Mdh nriyahtpd;

Njq;fha; tpl;l ,lj;jpypUe;J Js;

spg;Ngha; mg;gh tpOe;J fple;jpUe;

jJ. nriyahtpd; ifahd; cz;

ikapNyNa jpwkhd fha;jhd;.

nriyah N`h… N`hntd;W ml;l

fhrkha;r;rpupj;jhd;. jk;G Nkdp Nfhgj;

jp gw;wpnaupa epd;Wnfhz;bUe;jhd;.

mLj;j Ml;lfhuuhf fNzrDk; rpd;

dj;jk;gpAk; fskpwq;fpdhHfs;. [dq;

fs; ,d;Dk; Kz;babj;jdH. ‘js;sp

epYq;Nfh… Njq;fhAilQ;rh rpY

fs; gwf;Fk;’ vd;W ngupatHfs; mt;

tg;NghJ nrhypaJ Nfl;Fk; epiy

ikap ahUkpiy.

fNzrd; ntYtjw;F te;jtd;. mt

Df;F mtrukpiy. mtd; tpLfha;

tplr; rk;kjpj;J jdJ fhia fsj;jp

Vw;wptpl;lhd;. rpd;dj;jk;gpapd; typik

ap fNzrdpd; tpLfha; rpjwpj; njwpj;

jJ. rpd;dj;jk;gpf;F ngupa GSfk;.

Mdh fNzrDf;F Jf;fKkpiy>

NfhgKkpiy.

rpd;dj;jk;gpNa xypj; Njq;fha;Ngh

yj;jhd;. vYk;igj; Njh %bapUg;

gJNgh Njhd;Wk; Mwb MfpUjp.

MdhYk; me;j clk;gp typik

gPwpl;bUe;jJ. NrhHe;jpUe;jh NehQ;

rhDk;> c\huhfptpl;lh ,Uk;Gk;

vd;Wjhd; fzf;F. fNzrdpd; nksdk;

fz;l rpd;dj;jk;gp NkNy ngupjhf

Gsfkile;Jtpltpiy. fNzrd; xU

rhjhuzkhd xU fhia ‘tpl;Lg;

ghHj;j’ je;jpukJntd mtd; njupe;J

Nghdhd;.

ngaHngw;w ,t;tifahd Nghubfhu

iutpl gk;gyha; tPl;Lkuf; fha;fisf;

nfhz;Lte;J Nghubap fye;Jnfhs;

gtHfSk; mq;Nf ,Ue;jhHfs;. mtH

fsJ tpisahl;L rpwpJNeuj;jp

Muk;gkhdJ.

Neuk; fle;Jnfhz;L ,Ue;jJ.

MSf;F ,Ugj;ije;J fha;fnsd

xJf;fg;gl;bUe;j vz;zpf;ifap Kf;

fpakhd Nghubfhunuyhk; ,g;ngh

OJ fhnahope;J NghdhHfs;. filrp

ahf Nghd tU\k;NghyNt nriy

ahTk; fNzrDk; vQ;rpdhHfs;.

cr;rpNtis MfpapUe;jJ.

xU tpL Njq;fhAk; xU ifahDk;

nfhz;L fNzrDk;> xU ifahDld;

kl;Lk; nriyahTk; fsj;jp epw;fp

whHfs;.

nriyah ifahid tpL fhaha;

fsj;jp cUl;btpl;Ltpl;L cr;rgl;r

czHTf; nfOkyp epd;Wnfhz;b

Uf;fpwhd;. fNzrdpd; Kfj;jp mJ

tiuapyhj xU ufrpa KWt

kpd;dp kiwfpwJ. Rw;wpr; Rw;wp te;J

tsk; ghHj;jhfptpl;lJ. MdhYk; ,d;

Dk; nkJthf Rod;W te;jnfhz;b

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dj;jpYk; ,iy. vyhH ftdKk;

fNzrdpYk; nriyahtpYk; khwp

khwpg; gjpfpd;wJ. jpBnud Nfhtp

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,Ue;jJ. mtd; vk;gpaJ ahUk; fz;

bUf;ftpiy. mg;gbNa Xq;fpa

ifNahL fhw;wpypUe;J ,wq;fpf; nfhz;

bUe;jhd; fNzrd;. mtd; epyj;jp

tpOe;j mNj rkaj;jp mtdJ

tyJ fuk; nriyahtpd; ifahdp

gjpe;jJ.

jg;ngd;W xU rj;jk;. ‘fNzrd;u

ifahd; cilQ;rpl;LJ’ vd;w ahNuh

tpd; $r;r> me;j nksd tyaj;Js;

Ngnuhypaha;f; Nfl;lJ.

epkpHe;njOk;gpa fNzrd; Mr;rupaj;

NjhL jdJ ifahid jpUg;gpj;

jpUg;gpg; ghHf;fpwhd;. gpd; jiyia

Ml;Lfpwhd;.

%j;jhk;gp fpl;l te;J ghHj;Jtpl;L>

‘cilQ;rJ nriyad;ujhd;. ,e;j

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Nghl;bapd; Kbit mwptpf;fpwhH.

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fpaJ. CH eha;fs; rpy te;J ‘Bf;…

Bf;’ vd;w mjl;lfisAk; kPwp cilj;

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ghjpfisf; ft;tpf;nfhz;L Xbd. rpW

tHfs; ,d;Dk; cile;j Njq;fha;j;

Jz;Lfis itj;J fhe;jpf;nfhz;b

Ue;jhHfs;.

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te;Jtpl;lhH. tPl;bNy Gj;jhz;Lf;nfhz;

lhl;lk; NkNyjhd; njhlq;fpaJ. mk;kh

GWGWj;jgb gpd;Nduj;jp kjpar;

rikaiy Kbj;jhs;.

,uthfpw Neuj;jp nra;jpnahd;W

gue;J te;jJ> tPL GFe;J fNzrdpd;

kz;ilia nriyah cilj;Jtpl;

ljhf. kWehs; KjpHfhiyap ,uz;L

nghyp];fhuH irf;fpsp gidabg;

gps;isahH Nfhtpyb Nghtijf;

fz;lNghJ nra;jpapd; cz;ik kl;L

kd;wp> tp\aj;jpd; ghuJuj;jdKk;

cWjpahdJ.

‘mz;iz… grp Fliyg; gpLq;fpJ’

vd;w Xl;Nlh l;iwtupd; Fuyp vd;

fdT fiye;jJ. ngha;AUf; nfhz;L

te;j NghubfhuH fhw;wp fiue;jdH.

mJNgh v];.ngh.Tk; kiwe;JNghap

Ue;jhH.

ehd; gidabg; gps;isahH Nfhtp

ypypUe;J Gwg;gl;lNghJ Jf;fkha;

czHe;Njd;. Nfhap fpzw;wpd; ,d;

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apiy. mupakyH mts; tPl;b

,yhk vq;Nfh Ngha; kiwe;jJ

Jf;fkhapiy. Mdh me;j epyj;

jp Nghub kiwe;jJjhd; Jf;fkha;

tpupe;jJ.

%d;W jiyKiw Ke;jpatHfs; fz;L

fspj;j> tpisahba me;j tpis

ahl;il ,uz;L jiyKiw Ke;jpa

tHfs; Nfs;tpap gl;bUf;fpwhHfs;.

mLj;j jiyKiwapdH mJgw;wp

mwpaf;$l khl;lhHfs;. tafsp

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tKk;Ngh CHfspd; Nfhap tPjpf-

sp Nghub ,Ue;jJ. mt;thW ,Ue;

jnjd;gij mopahj ,yf;fpakha;g;

gjpthf;f vj;jidNguh

Kbag;NghfpwJ?

epidNtw;wk;...88k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...

devakanthan@thaiveedu.com

- 90 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

iy aff; ftpij ,yf; fp

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thilagar@thaiveedu.com

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jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 91 -

- 92 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

kh ehDk; tul;lh>

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jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 93 -

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charles.g@thaiveedu.com

- 94 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 95 -

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- 96 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

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jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 97 -

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suganthan.v@thaiveedu.com

- 98 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

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njhlu;jy; 99k; gf;fk;

jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 99 -

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kandasamy.a@thaiveedu.com

- 100 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

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zhb thHg;Gf;fhd muq;fk; ,Ue;jJ.

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tuj;J trjpfisr; nra;JnfhLj;Njd;.

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Ndd;.

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tpl;lJ. md;Wk; njhopEl;g ,af;F

duhff; FkhH fdful;zk; gzpGupe;

jhH. kw;iwa njhopEl;gf; fiyQH

fs; ahHahnud;W ,g;NghJ epidtp

,iy. md;W ehk; epow;glq;fSk;

vLf;ftpiy. me;j ehlfj;jpd; xspg;

gjpT ,g;NghjpUe;jh mjd; iuw;wp

yp me;j tpguq;fisg; ghHf;fyhk;.

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rpfspd; xspg;gjpTfs; xUrpytw;iwj;

jtpu midj;Jk; ftdpf;fg;glhJ

mope;JNgha;tpl;ld. ehd; gzpahw;wpa

fhyj;jp gy Kf;fpa epfo;r;rpfis

xspg;gjpT nra;J xspgug;gpa NghJk;

mitnayhk; Mtzg;gLj;jg;glhJ

mope;JNghdik vdf;F kpFe;j ft

iyaspf;fpwJ. mtw;wp Mtzg;g

Lj;jg;glNtz;ba vj;jidNah kpf

Kf;fpa epfo;r;rpfs; mlq;fpapUe;jd.

&gth`pdpap xspg;gjpT ehlh itg;-

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itg;gfj;jp gzpahw;wpatH. ehd;

&gth`pdpiatpl;L ntspNaWk; NghJ

Mtzg;gLj;jg;glNtz;b epfo;r;rpfs;

vd;W xU ngupa gl;baiyf; nfhLj;J

tpl;L te;Njd;. me;jg; gl;ba ,g;

NghJk; vd;dplk; ,Uf;fpwJ. Mdh

me;j epfo;r;rpfs; xd;W$l; ,g;NghJ

&gth`pdpap ,iy vd;gJ kpfTk;

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nrytopj;jgzk;> jkpo; xspgug;gpd;

tuyhW midj;Jk; tPzbf;fg;gl;L

tpl;ld. ,yq;ifap Fwpg;ghf xyp>

xspgug;Gj; Jiwfsp gioa epfo;r;

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mJ mwNt eilngWtjpiy. ,g;

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tiyj;jsq;fsp cyhTtijg; ghHj;

njhlu;jy; 101k; gf;fk;

42

vkJ fiyfspd; mLj;j gupkhzk;

,

jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 101 -

jpUg;gPHfs;. mjp jkpo; tp\aNkh

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,iynad;W mwpfpNwd;. vd;dh

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ehlfq;fshd ,uj;jpdk; mtHfs; nkhop

ngaHj;j N\f;];gpaupd; xnjNyh>

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uj;jpdk;> Qhdrf;jp fe;ijah Nghd;w

gy vOj;jhsHfspd; ehlfq;fis Mt

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Lj;Jr; nra;aNtz;ba flik ,J.

gy fhuzq;fsh me;j Kf;fpa flik

ruptur; nra;ag;gLtjpiy.

tuyhw;iwg; Ngzhj> kjpf;fhj> njup

ahj xU r%fk; vj;jid Afq;fs;

nrd;whYk; Kd;Ndw;wkilaKbahJ.

tuyhw;iw mbg;gilahfitj;Jj;

njhlUk; tsHr;rpjhd; cz;ikahd

tsHr;rp. tuyhW njupahk ve;jj;

Jiwf;Fk; Gjpjhf tUgtHfs; me;jj;

Jiwia jkf;Fj; njupe;j tifap

GjpjhfNt njhlq;FfpwhHfs;. vdNt>

me;jj; Jiwfs; vd;WNk tsHr;rpa

ila KbahJ Muk;gepiyapNyNa

,Uf;Fk;. tsHr;rpf;fhd topfhl;lyhf

tuyhW mikfpwJ. ek; Kd;NdhHfs;

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vijANk rpwg;ghfr; nra;aKbahJ.

&gth`pdpap vdJ fhyj;jp fiy

af xspg;gjpTfs; xU ,Q;rp mfyk;

nfhz;l ehlhf;fsp VTR - Vedio TapeRecorder vd;Dk; ngUk; ,ae;jpuq;f

sp nra;ag;gl;ld. ,e;j ehlhf;fs; xU

mb kw;Wk; mjw;Fk; rw;Wf; Fiw

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ngl;bfs; kpfTk; ghukhdit. ntspg;

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spd; eLg;gFjpfspypUe;J xspg;gjpTj;

njhopEl;gk; kpf Ntfkhf khwpf;

nfhz;Nltu mjw;Nfw;g &gth`pdp

apd; njhopEl;gf; fUtpfSk; khw;

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Nwd;.

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fg;gl;l ehlfk; fz;zhb thHg;Gfs;.

glg;gpbg;Gf;F Ke;jpa ehl;fsp &g

th`pdpap rpy xj;jpiffs; ghHj;

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vdf;F. ehlfj;jp ghj;jpuq;fspd;

elkhl;lj;ij> mtHfspd; czHr;rp

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dpj;J> mtw;Wf;Nfw;wthW fkuhf;

Nfhzq;fisAk; fkuh mirTfisAk;

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(framing) mikaNtz;Lk;> vit mz;

ikf;fhl;rpfshf tuNtz;Lk;> vit

gNtW msTfspyhd Juf; fhl;rpf-

shf mikaNtz;Lnkd;W Kd;$l;

bNa jPHkhdpj;J mjd;gbNa glg;gp

bg;ig Nkw;nfhs;tjw;Nfw;w Kiwap

jahupg;Gg; gpujpia vOJtjw;fhd

xj;jpiffNs mit. Nkilehlf

nkhd;W gy fhyk; xj;jpif ghHf;fg;

gl;Lg; gyuJ mauhj Kaw;rpapdh

ghHitahsHfSf;Ff; nfhz;Lnr

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iwj; juj;jpypUe;jh kf;fs; epr;rak;

,urpg;ghHfs;> tuNtw;ghHfs;. mg;g

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`pdpf;Nf ,J Kj ehlfk;. njhiyf;

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gapw;rpnewpap gq;Fgw;wpatH. me;jg;

gapw;rpap xypgug;Gf; $l;Lj;jhgdj;

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dhHfs;. jk;k[hnfhl> Y\d; Gyj;

rpq;fs> ge;Jy tpjhdNf Nghd;wtH

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jahupg;ghsuhfntyhk; gzpahw;wpa

tH. gapw;rpapd;NghJ jhd; muq;f epH

thfpahf (floor manager) gzpahw;w

tpUk;Gtjhfj; njuptpj;jpUe;jhH. Vnd-

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nrd;Wtpl;lhH.

md;W ehlfg; glg;gpbg;G Kba ,uT

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`pdpap fd;uPDk; Muk;gpf;fg;gl

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njd;wh gk;gyg;gpl;bf;Fj;jhd; nry

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jp ebj;jtHfSld; epj;jpahde;jDk;

te;jpUe;jhH. glg;gpbg;Gf; FOtpdH

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ftiyg;glhJ glg;gpbg;ig elj;jp

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epHkyh> n[uhl; MfpNahH ebj;jdH.

mtHfs; Nkilfsp gyjlitfs;

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jlq;fYkpd;wp ,aghfg; NgrpdhHfs;.

ehd; ghHj;j gy Nkilehlfq;fsp

trdq;fisg; NgRtjw;F ebfHfs;

Qhgf%l;LgtHfsp (promter) jq;fpapUg;ghHfs;. mg;gb trdq;fisf;

Nfl;Lf;Nfl;Lg; NgRk;NghJ ebfHfsh

,aghf ebf;fKbahJ. njhiyf;

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Kfj;ij cd;dpg;ghf mtjhdpf;Fk;.

Fwpg;ghf mz;ikf;fhl;rpfis (closeup)vLf;Fk;NghJ Kfj;jp Vw;gLk; rpW

rpW khw;wq;fSk; gjpthFk;. ebfHfs;

trdq;fs; ghlkpyhJ mLj;J vd;d

ntd;W Nahrpf;Fk; Kfghtk;> fhl;rpf;

Fj; Njitahd czHT ntspg;ghLf

istplf; $Ljyhfj; njupe;J mit

Ak; gjpag;gl;LtpLk;. vdNt> ebfHfs;

trdq;fis Nahrpj;J Nahrpj;Jg;

NgrhJ ,aghfNt NgRtJ Nghy

kpfr; ruskhfg; NgRk;tifap kdg;

ghlk;nra;J> gy xj;jpiffs; ghHj;J

G+uzkhd jahHepiyapjhd; glg;gp

bg;Gf;Fr; nryNtz;Lk;. fz;zhb

thHg;G ehlfj;jp midj;Jf; fiy

QHfSNk trdg; gpur;rpidapd;wp ru

skhf ebj;jdH. Mdh &gth`p

dpg; glg;gpbg;Gf; FOtpdUf;F mJ

Kj ehlfnkd;wgbah jLkhw;wkp

Ue;jJ. nfhLj;j n\hl; yp];l;il

Kjyp xOq;fhfg; gpd;gw;wp fhl;rpf

isj; je;jtHfs; Neuk; nryr; nry

jLkhwj; njhlq;fpdhHfs;. mjw;F

glg;gpbg;Gj; jhkjkhdJk; grp> jhfk;

njhlu;jy; 102k; gf;fk;

fz;zhb thHg;G ehlfj;jp

Mde;juhzp> Nf. ghNye;jpuh

vkJ fiyfspd;...100k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...

- 102 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

vd;gdTk; fhuzkhf ,Uf;fyhk;.

,Ue;jNghjpYk; midtUNk njhlHe;J

jPtpukhfg; glg;gpbg;gp <Lgl;ldH.

rpdpkhg; glg;gpbg;GNghyj; Jz;LJz;

lhf (n\hl; ig n\hl;)fhl;rpfis

vLf;Fk;NghJ glg;gpbg;ghsHfSf;Fg;

gpur;rpid mt;tsthf ,Uf;fhJ.

Mdh ehlfk; njhlHe;J ebf;fg;gl;

Lf;nfhz;bUf;Fk;NghJ cupa Kiw

ap glk;gpbg;gJ rpukkhdJ. mjw;Fg;

gapw;rpAk; mDgtKk; Ntz;Lk;. gjp

ide;J epkpl ehlfkhdh NeHj;jpah

fg; glk;gpbj;Jtplyhk;. ePz;lNeuk;

ebf;fg;gLk; ehlfq;fisg; glk;gpbf;

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Lkhapd; fhl;rpfis (shots) mjpfstp

gpupf;fhk xU ghJfhg;ghd Juj;jp

(medium long shot) fkuhit itj;J

tpl;L mtHfis ebf;fr; nrhypap

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gl;l gpd; rpq;`ghF> `Ztl;Nl

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vkJ fiyfspd;...101k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...

njhlu;jy; 103k; gf;fk;

thRfp rz;Kfk;gps;is mtHfspd; eld muq;Nfw;wj;jp jhahH jpUkjp. tp[ayf;\;kp rz;Kfk;gps;isAld;.

jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 103 -

jhH. mg;NghJ rpq;fs r%fj;jp

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- 104 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

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njhlUk;….

wikneswaran.p@thaiveedu.com

ÿƒV˙¬Ôº\ ®[≈VKD ∂m ÿƒVÕ> T| º√VÈ kÚ\V...

Uthayan Alex Sivasambu B.Sc. (Hons), M.B.A

Broker

Ottawa: 613.276.SALE (7253)Toronto: 416.659.SELL (7355)alex-sivasambu@coldwellbanker.ca, www.sivasamburealty.com

jha;tPL gj;jpupif gw;wpa tpkHrdq;fis vjpHghHf;fpd;Nwhk;.

tpkHrdq;fs; vk;ik XH MNuhf;fpakhd

ghijap ,l;Lr;nrYk;.

E-mail: info@thaiveedu.com

Fax: 416-849-0594 Tel: 416-646-3422

vkJ fiyfspd;...103k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...

jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 105 -

‘jha;tPL’ r%fj;Js; jha;nkhopapd; nrhtsj;ij typAWj;Jk; Nehf;Fld;

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mLj;j khj jha;tPl;by; ntsptUk;.

tpilfis mDg;gNtz;ba kpdd;dQ;r Kftupthamilvalai@thaiveedu.comnjhiyefy;: 416 849 0594

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3 $fps; jiyik epiwNtw;W mjpfhup (4-3)

4 grpg;gpzp

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9 xU gpuhzp

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12 ePz;l RtH

15 jkpouRf; fl;rpj; jiytH

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nfhs;sg;gLk; xU ngUepyk; (4-4)

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4 ngupa gl;lk;

5 cupa

6 gypdh jhdpaj;ij nehUf;fp

cl;nfhs;

7 ghjr;RtL

8 Mltupd; Miltif

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13 xU jkpof jpUj;jyk;

14 jkpofj;jp ePjpauruhf tpsq;fpa

jkpo;g; NguwpQH (1-1-5)

16 epj;jpahde;jh Kuriwe;j ehL

57

tpilfis mDg;gNtz;ba mQ;r Kftup

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jkpo;tiy-57 tpdh

ngaH:

Kftup:

njhiyNgrp vz;:

kpd;dQ;rtup:

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Gz;zpa%Hj;jp ehfehjd;> ];fhHgNu

gupRngWk; Nghl;bahsH

Jiurpq;fk; fjpH> ];fhHgNuh.

thamilvalai@thaiveedu.com

jkpo;tiy-56 ngWNgWfs;

jkpo;tiy - 56f;fhd tpilfs;

- 106 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 107 -

- 108 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

kpopay; rhu;e;j Ma;Tj;

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South Indian Inscriptions vd;w jiyg;

gpy; gy njhFjpfshf mr;Nrwp ntsp-

tuj; njhlq;fptpl;ld vd;gij Kd;

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tpaypd; nghJthd Fwpf;Nfhs; mk;r

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jpy; epd;W 1920fs; Kjy; 1950fs; kw;

Wk; (<oj;jpy; 1960fs;) tiuahd fhyg;

gFjpj; jkpo; Ma;tpaypd; ,aq;F epiy

njhlu;ghd mtjhdpg;Gfs; rpytw;iw

kjpg;gPl;L ,q;F RUf;fkhf Kd;

itf;f Kw;gLfpNwd;.

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Nkw;gbfhyg;gFjpj; jkpo; Ma;tpaypd;

gy;NtW JiwfspYk; jpl;lg; ghq;F

fSld; fUj;Jd;wpr; nraw;gl;ltu;fs;

vd;w tifapy; ,Ugj;ije;Jf;Fk;

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,q;F ngau; Rl;l KbAk;. jpUthsu;

fs; Nf.vd;. rptuhrgps;is (1870-1941)>

ehtyu; NrhkRe;ju ghujpahu; (1979-

1959)> lhf;lu; gp.v];. Rg;gpukzpa

rh];jpupahu; (1890-1978)> v];. itahG

upg;gps;is (1891-1956)> lhf;lu; uh.gp.

NrJg;gps;is (1896-1961)> tpj;Jthd;

Nk.tP. NtZNfhghygps;is (1896-

1985)> rhkp rpjk;gudhu; (1900-1961)>

kapiy rPdp. Ntq;flrhkp (1900-1980)>

nj.ngh.kPdhl;rp Re;judhu; (1901-1980)>

NjtNeag;ghthzu; (1902-1981)> tpj;J

thd; xsit Jiurhkpg;gps;is (1903-

1981)> lhf;lu; m. rpjk;guehjr;nrl;bahu;

(1907-1967)> lhf;lu; kh. ,uhrkhzpf;f

dhu; (1907-1967)> gj;kG+\d; k.ng.ngup

arhkpj; Jud; (1908-1987)> lhf;lu; rp.

,yf;Ftdhu; (1909-1973)> tpj;Jthd;

K.mUzhryk;gps;is (909-1992)> lhf;

lu; K. tujuhrdhu; (1912-1974)> tpj;J

thd; nts;is thuzdhu; (1917-1988)>

lhf;lu; t.I. Rg;gpukzpak; (1926-2009)>

kfhtpj;Jthd; rp. fNzirau; (1978-

1958)> Nguhrpupau;fs; tpGyhee;j mbf

shu; (1892-1947) - fyhepjp f. fzgjpg;

gps;is (1903-1968) - tp. nry;tehafk;

(1907-1973) - fyhepjp R. tpj;jpahde;jd;

(1924-1989) - fyhepjp jdpehaf mbf-

shu; (1913-1980)> fyhepjp M. NtYg;

gps;is (1935-2015) - fyhepjp f. ifyh

rgjp (1933-1982) vd ,g;ngau;g;gl;bay;

tpupAk;.

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rhkp. rpjk;gudhu;> kfhtpj;Jthd; rp.

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jkpopa Ma;Tfs; - tuyhWk; tsHr;rpAk;

jkpopay; Ma;Tfs;: 04

njhlu;jy; 109k; gf;fk;

j

jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 109 -

epw;Fk; Fwpj;j rpy Ma;Tr; nraw;gh

Lfis ikag;gLj;jpa RUf;fkhd

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fiyf;fsQ;rpa cUthf;fk;; Mfpa

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ekJ ftdj;Jf;F tuTs;s Ma;Tg;

gug;G fiyfs; kw;Wk; gz;ghLrhu;

Jiwfs; rhu;e;jjhFk;. Fwpg;ghf ,ir>

eldk;> ehlfk;> rpw;gk; Mfpa fiy

tiffs; rhu;e;Jk; rkak; - jj;Jtk;

Kjyhd rpe;jid kuGfs; rhu;e;jit

Akhd Ma;T Kaw;rpfshFk;. Nkw;

Rl;batw;Ws; Kjyhtjhd gjpg;G

Kaw;rp mfuhjpfs; kw;Wk; fiyf;f

sQ;rpa cUthf;fk; Mfpa tiffs;

rhu;e;j ,aq;Fepiyfis Kjypy;

Nehf;FNthk;.

,tw;Ws; Kjypuz;Lk; jkpo; Ma;tpay;

tuyhw;wpy; Kd;dpUe;Nj njhlu;git.

18k; Ew;whz;by; ntspte;j tPukhK

dptupd; rJufuhjp(1732)Na jkpo; mf

uhjpapaypd; Kjy;Kaw;rp vd;gijAk;

mijj; njhlu;e;J gy mfuhjpfs;

ntspte;jd vd;gijAk; KjyhtJ

fl;LiuapNy Nehf;fpAs;Nshk;. gjpg;G

vd;w nraw;ghl;bNy 19k; Ew;whz;

bNy rp.it. jhNkhjuk;gps;is kw;Wk;

c.Nt. Rthkpehijau; KjypNahu;

,aq;fpepd;w Kiwikfs; gw;wp ,uz;

lhtJ fl;Liuapy; Nehf;fg;gl;lJ.

Nkw;gb ,Utifr; nraw;ghLfspd;

njhlu;r;rpAk; tsu;r;rpAkhfNt 1920fs;

Kjy; 50fs; tiuahd fhyg;gFjpapd;

,aq;Fepiyfs; ,q;F ekJ ftdj;

Jf;F tUfpd;wd. ,t;tpUtifr; nraw;

ghLfisAk; Nkw;gb fhyg;gFjpapy;

Kd;ndLj;j Kjy;tu; vd;w ngUikf;

Fupatu; Nguhrpupau; v];. itahGupg;

gps;is Mthu;. mt;tifapy; mtU-

ila MSikak;rq;fs; kw;Wk; ,aq;

Fepiyfs; njhlu;ghd rpy Kf;fpa

kjpg;gPl;Lf; Fwpg;Gfis ,q;F gjpT-

nra;tJ mtrpakhfpwJ.

nrd;idg;gy;fiyf;fofj;jpNy 1924

Kjy; 1936 tiuAk; Ngufuhjpg; gjpg;

ghrpupauhf ,tu; jpfo;e;jtu; vd;gij

Kd;ida fl;Liuapy; Nehf;fpAs;Nshk;.

gpd;du; ,tu; 1936 - 1946 fhyg;gFjp

apy; mg;gy;fiyf;fofj;jpNy jkpoh

uha;r;rpj;Jiwj; jiytuhfTk; jpfo;e;

jtu;. mq;F gzp Xa;Tngw;w gpd;du;

mtu; Nfus khepyj;jpd; jpUtpjhq;;$u;

gy;fiyf;fofj;jpYk; jkpo;j;Jiwj;

jiytuhf ehd;fhz;Lfs; (1951-54);

gzpahw;wpAs;shu;.

,t;thW gy;fiyf;fof epiyapy;

ePz;l mEgtk; ngw;w ,g;NguwpQu;

ftdk; nrYj;jpa Ma;Tg;gug;G kpf

tpupe;jJ. midj;Jyf ,yf;fpaq;f

isg; gw;wpa gue;j mwpT nfhz;b

Ue;j ,tu; jkpopyf;fpag;gug;igg; Gw

epiyahf mZfpj; jpl;ltl;lkhd Kb

Gfis Kd;itj;j Kd;Ndhb Ma;th

su;fspy; Kjd;ikahdtu;. jkpopyf;fp

aq;fspd; fhythuha;r;rpapy; rpwg;ghff;

ftdQ;nrYjjpr; nraw;gl;l ,tu;>

rq;f,yf;fpak; Kjy; rkfhy ,yf;fp

ak; tiu (GJikg;gpj;jdpd; Mf;fq;

fs; tiu) jdJ Ma;Tg;ghu;itia

tpupTgLj;jpf;nfhz;ltuhthu;. ‘nrhw;fspd; tuyhW’> ‘nrhy;yggl;l Kiwik’vd;gtw;wpdbg;gilapy; ,yf;fpaq;

fis MuhAk; Kiwapaiyj; jkpopy;

njhlf;fpitj;jtu; vd;gJ ,tiug;

gw;wpa Kf;fpa kjpg;gPlhFk;. ,yf;fpa

- ,yf;fz Mf;fq;fis czu;T fy

thj epiyapy; Gwtakhf (Objective)mZfpj; jpl;ltl;lkhd Ma;T KbG-

fis Kd;itj;j Kd;Ndhb vd;w

fzpg;Gf;Fk; ,tu; cupatuhfpwhu;.

,t;thwhd jifikfs; nfhz;bUe;j

,g;NguwpQu; ,yf;fpar; rpe;jidfs;>

,yf;fzr; rpe;jidfs;> ,yf;fpa cj

ak; (gFjp1-2)> fk;gd; fhtpak;> His-tory of Tamil Language &Literature> jkpo;,yf;fpa rupjj;jpy; fhtpafhyk;> jkpo;r;

Rlu;kzpfs; vd;gdthf ,UgJf;Fk;

Nkw;gl;l Ey;fis ,aw;wpAs;shu;.

xU gjpg;ghrpupau; vd;w tifapy; ,t

Uila gq;fspg;G Nkw;gb njhifia

tpl kpfg;ngupaJ. ,tw;wpd; njhif

38 MFk;. kNdhd;kzPak;> ehkjPg

epfz;L> fstpaw;fhupif> ehd;kzpf;

fbif> etePjg;ghl;bay;> ,uhkg;ig

ad; mk;khid vd ,tUila gjpg;

Gr; nraw;ghLfspd; ngau;tupir ePSk;.

,t;tifapy; gjpg;gpay; Kd;Ndhbf-

shd rp.it.jhNkhjuk;gps;is> c.Nt.

rhkpehijau; Kjypatu;fSld;

,izj;J xNu juj;jpy; itj;Jf;f

zpf;fg;gl;LtUk; Kf;fpa gjpg;ghrpup

au; ,tu;.

,tUila gjpg;Gr;nraw;ghLfs; njhlu;

ghf ehk; ftdj;jpw; nfhs;sNtz;ba

kw;nwhU Kf;fpa jfty; ‘Vw;nfdNt

rp.it.jhNkhjuk;gps;is> c.Nt. rhkp

ehijau; KjypNahuhy; gjpg;gpf;fg;

ngw;w rq;f ,yf;fpag;gug;G> njhy;

fhg;gpak;> rPtfrpe;jhkzp Kjypa gy

Mf;fq;fs; ,tuhy; kPsTk; gjpg;gpf;

fg;gl;Ls;sd’ vd;gjhFk;. ,t;thwhd

kPs;gjpg;Gr; nraw;ghLfSf;fhjw;fhd

#oy;rhu; fhuzpfisAk; ,q;F vk;

khy; Cfpf;fKbfpwJ.

,f;fhuzpfspy; Kf;fpakhd xd;W gjpg;

gpay; vd;w nrad;Kiw tsu;e;J te;J

nfhz;bUe;j #oypy; mtw;iwf;fUj;

Js;nfhz;L Kd;ida Ey;fspd;

fl;likg;ig NkYk; nrk;ikg;gLj;

Jk; Nehf;fk; MFk;. ,jw;Fj; jf;f

njhU rhd;whf miktJ ,tUila

Kjw;gjpg;ghf;fkhd kNdhd;kzPak;

MFk;. ,J 1922y; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;

ljhFk;. Nkw;gb Mf;fj;jpd; Mrpupa

uhd Nguhrpupau; Re;juk; gps;isatu;f

shy; 1891y; Kjypw; gjpg;gpf;fg;gl;l

Mf;fk; mJ. mjw;Fg; gjpg;gpay; El;

gq;fSldhd Gjpa tbnthd;iwj;

jUk; nraw;ghlhfNt itahGupg;gps;

isatu;fspd; ,e;j kPs; gjpg;G Nkw;

nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. (,J gw;wpa tpsf;fj;

jpw;F ghu;f;f: tP. muR> ‘itahGupg;

gps;isapd; rq;f ,yf;fpag; gjpg;G

fs;’> ‘$l;lhQ;NrhW’ - mf;Nlhgu; 03

,jo; - 2010).

itahGupg;gps;isatu;fs; Nkw;nfhz;l

kPs;gjpg;G Kaw;rpfSf;fhd kw;nwhU

fhuzp> ‘rkfhyf; fy;tpr; #oypd;

Njit’ vd;gjhf Cfpf;f ,lKsJ.

1920fspy; gy;fiyf;fof epiyapy;

jkpo; xU fw;ifj;Jiwahf Vw;fg;gl;

bUe;j #oypNy Nkw;gb rp.it.

jhNkhjuk;gps;is> c.Nt. rhkpehij

au; KjypNahuy; mr;Nrw;wg;gl;bUe;j

,yf;fpa ,yf;fz Mf;fq;fs; gue;j

cau; tFg;G khztu; kl;lj;jpy; -

mjhtJ tpj;Jthd;> ,sq;fiy kw;

Wk; KJfiy Mfpa gl;ltFg;Gfspy;

gapy;Nthu; kj;jpapy; - thrpg;Gf;Fupait

Mapd. mr;#oypy; khztu;fspd; Gup

jYf;Fk; gad;ghl;Lf;Fk; Vw;wtif

apy; mk; Kd;ida gjpg;Gfs; kPsTk;

Nehf;fTk; %yghl epiyfspy; nrg;

gq;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;glTk; Ntz;ba

Njit mf;fhy cau;fy;tpr; #oypy;

epytpaJ. Nguhrpupau; itahGupg;gps;

isatu;fspd; kPs; gjpg;Gr; nraw;gh

Lfs; Nkw;gb gue;j kl;lj;jpyhd fy;

tpr; #oypd; Njitia epiwT nra;

Ak; Nehf;fpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lit

vd;gNj ,e;j ,uz;lhtJ fhuzpahf

Cfpf;fg;gLfpwJ.

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Qu; v];.itahGupg;gps;isatu;fSila

,aq;F epiy gw;wpa ,f;Fwpg;ig

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nra;a tpiofpNwd;. ehk; ,d;W rq;f

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,yf;fpag;gFjpf;F mt;tilahsg;

ngaiu toq;fpatu; Nguhrpupau; itah

Gupg;gps;isatu;fNs vd;gNj mr;rp

wg;Gj; jftyhFk;. Nkw;gb> ‘rq;f ,yf;

fpak;’ vd;w njhluhdJ gj;Jg;ghl;L

vl;Lj;njhif vd;w ,Utifj; njhFg;

Gfspy; cs;slq;fpa gjpndl;L Mf;

fq;fisf; Fwpf;f toq;fpaJ vd;gJ

nghJthfNt ehkwpe;j nra;jpahFk;.

,tw;Wf;F ciunaOjp te;jtu;fs;>

,tw;iwr; Rl;Ljw;Fg; ‘ghl;Lk; njhif

Ak;’ vd;w njhliuNa kughfg; gad;

gLj;jp te;Js;sdu;. rp.it. jhNkhj

uk;gps;is> c.Nt. rhkpehijau; Kj

ypNahu; Nkw;gb ,UnjhFg;Gfs;rhu;

,yf;fpaq;fis Kjypy; gjpg;gpj;j

NghJk; ,tw;Wf;F Nkw;gb njhlNu

milahsr;Rl;lhf tof;fpypUe;J te;

jJ. jpU. itahGupg;gps;isatu;fNs

,t;tpyf;fpag; gug;Gf;F ‘rq;f ,yf;

fpak;’ vd;w milahsr; Rl;il mwp-

Kfk; nra;jtuhthu;. (jfty;: Nguhrpup

au; tP.muR Nkw;Rl;ba mtu;fspd; fl;

Liu.)

Nkw;Rl;bathW Nguhrpupau; itahGupg;

gps;isatu;fs; gjpg;Gj;Jiwapy; jPtp

ukhf ,aq;fp epd;w fhyg;gFjpaYk;

mtiuj; njhlu;e;Jk; NtWgy jkpowp

Qu;fSk; mj;Jiwapy; jPtpukhfr;

nraw;gl;L epd;wdu;. Fwpg;ghf tpj;J

thd; Nk.tP. NtZNfhghygps;is>

tpj;Jthd; xsit Jiurhkpg;gps;is>

kfhtpj;Jthd; rp. fNzirau; Kjypa

gyiu ,q;F ehk; epidtpw; nfhs;s

yhk;. ,tu;fSs; xUrhuhu; jkJ

fhyk;tiu gjpg;gpf;fg;glhjpUe;j gy

Ey;fis VLfspypUe;J kPl;L mr;

Nrw;wpatu;fs;. ,d;ndhUrhuhu; mJ

tiu mr;Nrw;wg;gl;l Mf;fq;fs; njhlu;

ghd ‘%yghl Ma;T’ kw;Wk; ‘ciuf

spd; nghUj;jg;ghl;lha;T’ Mfpatw;

wpy; <Lgl;Lg; gjpg;Gfis ntspf;nfh

zu;e;Njhuhtu;. ,t;thwhd nraw;ghL

fspd; %yk; rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs;> njhy;

fhg;gpak;> jpUf;Fws;> rpyg;gjpfhuk;>

kzpNkfiy Kjypa gy Mf;fq;fs;

Gjpa gjpg;Gfisf; fz;ld. Fwpj;j

xU EYf;Fg; gy ciufs; vOe;jp

Ug;gpd; mitaidj;ijAk; xU Nru

,izj;Jg; gjpg;gpf;Fk; nrad;Kiw

Ak; ,f;fhyg;gFjpay; cUthdJ.

(c-k;: jpUf;Fws; ciuf;nfhj;J) ,t

thW Nguhrpupau; itahGupg;gps;is

atu;fspd; rkfhyj;jpYk; gpd;dUk;

njhlu;e;j gjpg;Gr; nraw;ghLfs;> jkpo;

kuigg; Gupe;Jnfhs;tjpy; ,f;fhyg;g

Fjp Ma;thsu;fSf;fpUe;j Nguhu;tj;

ijr; rpwg;ghfNt czu;j;jp epw;fpd;

wd.

NkNy Kjypy; Nehf;fpathW gjpg;gh

rpupauhfj; jPtpukhf ,aq;fp epd;w

Nguhrpupau; itahGupg;gps;isatu;fs;

mfuhjpapaypYk; mNjasT ftdj;

ijr; nrYj;jpr; nraw;gl;ltu; vd;gij

czu;j;Jk; Kf;fpa rhd;Wfshf mik

td mtu; gj;jhz;LfSf;F Nky;

(1924-36)nghWg;Gld; nraw;gl;L ntspg;

gLj;jpa jpfo;e;Jte;j mike;J njhFg;

gpj;j ‘jkpo; nyf;]pfd;’ (TamilLexicon)vDk; Ngufuhjpj; njhFg;G MFk;.

(mfu epuypd;gb 7 njhFjpfs;).

Lexicon vd;gJ mfuhjpr; nrad;Kiw

apy; xU rpwg;ghdJk; MokhdJkhd

Mf;fKiwahFk;. mfuhjpnahd;wpd;

nghJg;gz;G Fwpj;j xU nrhy;ypd;

nghUis my;yJ nghUz;ikfis

mwpaj; jUtNjahFk;. Mdhy; nyf;

]pfdpy; mr;nrhy; gapYk; #oy; -

mjhtJ ve;j ve;j ,yf;fpa Mf;fq;

fspy; vt;ntg;NghJ mJ gapd;W te;

JsJ vd;gij mwpaj;jUk; tifap

yhd jfty;fSk; mlq;fpapUf;Fk;.

mt;tifapy; nghJthd mfuhjpj;

jahupg;ig tpl MokhdJk; mt;t

ifapy; Gyikj;jpwDld; $ba fbd

ciog;ig Ntz;b epw;gJkhd xU

Ma;Tr;nraw;ghL ,J. ,t;thwhd

fLk; ciog;ig toq;fpg; Nguhrpupau;

itahGupg;gps;isatu;fs; ntspf;nfh

zu;e;j ,g;Ngufuhjpj; njhFjpahdJ

etPd jkpoha;Tf;fhd mbg;gilf; fl;

Lkhd mikg;Gfspy; xd;whfj; jpfo;e;J

tUtjhFk;.

1936y; epiwTngw;w ,g;Nguhfuhjpj;

njhFg;Ng ,e;jpankhopfspy; ,t;t

ifapy; mike;j Kjy;Kaw;rp vd;gJ

jkpou; vd;wtifapy; ehk; ngUikg;g

lf;$ba mk;rkhFk;. ,t;thW ngU

ikjUk; ,k;Kaw;rpf;F ,d;W tiu

cupajuj;jpyhd kWgjpg;G Kaw;rpfs;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gltpy;iy vd;gJk; ,q;F

ftiyAld; epidT$u;tjw;Fupa Kf;

fpa nra;jpahFk;.

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ele;j gpuptpidf;F

,uz;Nlh %d;Nwh Mz;L

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fs;. ,e;jpahtpypUe;j K];yPk; igj;

jpaf;fhuHfis ghfp];jhDf;F mDg;g

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igj;jpaf;fhu kUj;JtkidapypUe;j

,e;J> rPf;fpa igj;jpaf;fhuHfis

,e;jpahtplk; ifaspf;f Ntz;Lk;.

me;jj; jpl;lk; mHj;jKs;sjh myth

vd;gijr; nrhtJ f\;lkhdJ. ,Ue;

jhYk;> ,uz;L gf;fj;jpYk; ,Ue;j

caH kl;lj;jpduh me;jj; jPHkhdk;

vLf;fg;gl;lJ. caHkl;l khehLfs;

ele;J Kbe;j gpd; igj;jpaf;fhuHf

isg; gupkhw;wk; nra;tjw;F ehs;

Fwpf;fg;gl;lJ. K];yPk; igj;jpaf;fh

uHfspd; FLk;gj;jtHfs; ,e;jpahtp

,Ue;jh mtHfis ,e;jpahtpNyNa

,Uf;f mDkjpj;jhHfs;. kw;wtHfs;

viyf;F mioj;Jr; nryg;gLthH

fs;. mNefkhf ,e;Jf;fSk; rPf;fpaH

fSk; ghfp];jhdpypUe;J ntspNawp

tpl;ljh ghfp];jhdp K];yPk; m

yhj igj;jpaf;fhuHfis itj;Jf;

nfhs;tJ vd;w gpur;rpid mtHfSf;F

Vw;gltpiy. vyhg; igj;jpaf;fhuH

fSk; ,e;jpahTf;F nfhz;L nryg;

gl Ntz;baJ jhd;.

,e;jpahtp vd;d ele;jJ vd;gJ

vtUf;FNk njupahJ. Mdh ghfp];

jhidg; nghWj;jtiu yhN`hup

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ap ,e;jr; nra;jp ngUk; gugug;ig

Vw;gLj;jpaJ. mq;Nf gy tprpj;jpukhd

gpur;rpidfs; fpsk;gpd. rkPe;jhH vd;w

cUJ ehspjio xOq;fhf thrpf;Fk;

xU K];yPk; igj;jpaf;fhuid ghfp];

jhd; vd;wh vd;d Nfl;lNghJ nfhQ;r

Neuk; Nahrpj;j gpd; nrhd;dhd;> ‘cq;

fSf;Fj; njupahjh? fOj;jWf;Fk;

rtuf; fj;jpfs; cw;gj;jp nra;tjw;Fg;

ngaH ngw;w ,lk;. mJ ,e;jpahtp

Ys;sJ.’ me;jg; gjpyh jpUg;jp

mile;J Nghy mtDila ez;gH

fs; NtW Nfs;tpfs; vijAk; mtdplk;

Nfl;ftpiy.

mijg; Nghy rPf;fpa igj;jpaf;fhud;

xUj;jd; ,d;ndhU rPf;fpadplk;> ‘rHjhH[p> vq;fis Vd; ,e;jpahTf;F

mDg;GfpwhHfs;? vq;fSf;F mtHf

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jr; rPf;fpad; VNjh njupe;jJ Nghy

rpupj;jhd;. ‘vdf;F mtHfSila `pe;

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xU ehs; xU K];yPk; igj;jpaf;fhud;

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mtHfis Jf;fp ,Ue;J fhg;ghw;

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fs; cj;jpNahfj;jHfSf;F ,yQ;rk;

nfhLj;J mq;Nf NrHj;jpUe;jhHfs;.

,e;jpahitg; gpupj;jNjh ghfp];jhd;

vd;wh vd;d vd;gJ gw;wpNah mtH

fSf;F mjpfk; xd;Wk; njupahJ.

jw;fhy epiyikAk; njupahJ. ehsp

jo;fs; cz;ikahd epiyikia

mtHfSf;F njupag;gLj;JtJk;

,iy. igj;jpaf;fhu kUj;Jtkidg;

ghJfhtyHfs; gbg;gwptw;wtHfs;.

mtHfSila ciuahlfspypUe;J

vtUk; xd;Wk; mwpe;J nfhs;s Kb

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Ak; ngw;Ws;sJ. mij new;/gpspf;rp ghHf;fyhk;.

njhlu;jy; 111k; gf;fk;

1947

jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 111 -

fj; jpl;bdhH. igj;jpaf;fhuHfisg;

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rpe;jhghj; vd;w RNyhfq;isf; $tpdhH

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jPtpukhd Nkhjfs; jLf;fg;gl;ld.

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NghJ mtH me;j mjpfhupaplk;> ‘Nuhghnuf; rpq; vq;Nf ,Uf;fpwJ? ,e;jpah

tpyh ghfp];jhdpyh?’ vd;W Nfl;lhH.

mjpfhup ngupjhfr; rpupj;J> ‘mjw;nfd;d

mJ ghfp];jhdp jhd; cs;sJ>’vd;whH.

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iyf;Fs; js;s Kad;whHfs;. gp\hd;

rpq; miratpiy. ‘,J Nuhgh nuf;

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jpahd kq; j lh xt; Nuhgh nuf; rpq;

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tpsq;fg;gLj;jpdhHfs;. Mdh vg;g

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mjp vt;tpj gyDk; fpilf;ftpiy.

mtiu kWgf;fk; ,Oj;Jf; nfhz;L

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mtH jd; tPq;fpa fhfsp epd;whH>

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mirf;f KbahJ vd;gJ Nghy. mtH

jPq;fw;wtH vd;wjh mtiu mt;tp

lj;jp tpl;L tpl;L mjpfhupfs; kpF

jpg; guptHj;jidfisf; ftdpj;jhHfs;.

R+upa cjaj;jpw;Fr; rw;W Kd; gp\hd;

rpq; gaq;fukhf xUKiw mywpdhH.

vyhUk; mtiu Nehf;fpr; nrd;whH

fs;. gjpide;J Mz;Lfs; jd; fh

fsp epd;w mtH> ,g;nghOJ epyj;

jp Kfk; Fg;Gw tpOe;J fple;jhH.

xU gf;fj;jp fk;gp Ntypf;Fg; gpd;

dh ,e;jpahitr; NrHe;j igj;jpaq;

fs; epd;wd. kW gf;fj;jp ,d;Dk;

fk;gpfspd; gpd;dh ghfp];jhidr;

NrHe;j igj;jpaq;fs; epd;wd. mtw;

wpd; ,ilNa ngaupyhj xU rpwpa

epyj;jp Nuhgh nuf; rpq; tpOe;J

fple;jhH.

mahalingam.k@thaiveedu.com

Nuhgh nuf; rpq;...110k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...

- 112 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 113 -

- 114 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 115 -k; Mz;L> ,d;Dk; Ig;-

grp khjk; jhz;Nliy

Mdh ngupa epfo;Tfs;

vyhk; ele;J nfhz;bUe;jJ.

mjpiy Kf;fpakhdJ je;ij nrth

tpd;iu kuzk;...

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kf;fs; ,Uf;fpd;whHfsh vz;L epidf;

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ngUk; vLg;gpiy ele;jJ.

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aha; te;jJ.

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vd;W Nfl;lNghJ njhlq;fpdhNu

mz;zh vz;l nrhd;d Fyk;>

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vd;W thapiy te;jijnayhk;

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77

gdp tpOk; gid tdk;

- nry;tk; mUshde;jk; -

gFjp: 4

- 116 - jha;tPL • [iy July 2020

,Ue;jJ. xUtopah mtid ,ilk-

wpr;r ,d;DnkhU ez;gH Ntiw-

nahU fijiar; nrhd;dhH.

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gpypg; NubNah ngl;bAk; ,Ue;jJ.

toikahf mJf;F Kd;dhiy ,is

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ngUik.

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,Wjp CHtyk; Neubahf mQ;r

nra;jhq;fs;. mJ me;j gpypg; Nub-

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jha;tPL • [iy July 2020 - 119 -

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