PUBLIC, INSTRUCTION lN BENGAL - DSpace@GIPE

GENERAL. REP OR~<;

ON

PUBLIC, INSTRUCTION lN BENGAL

FOR

1891-92.

· Gtal.cntta:

~RINTED AT THE BENGAL SECRETARIAT PRESS.

1892.

Pri011 Jlt. 2.

CONTENTS.

PAGB. I.-GENERAL SUMMARY 1

H.-CONTROLLING AGENCIES 9

DISTRICT BoA.BDS 17 DISTRICT CollrniTTEEB J8

III.-UNIVERSITY EDUCATION 18

FIRsT ExAMINATION IN ARTs 23

B.A. ExAMINATION 26

M.A. EXAMINATION 28

PREMCHAND RoYCHAND STUDENTSIIIP 28

IV.-SECONDARY EDUCATION 33

HIGH ENGLISH SCHOOLS • 95 Entrance Examination . 96

MIDDLE ENGLISH SCHOOLS 43

Middle Scholarship Examination 44 MIDDLE VERNACULAR SCHOOLS 4l

Middle Scholn~ship Examination 45

DRAWING 47 DisCIPLINE AND MoRAL TRAINING 48 PHYSICAL TRAINING . 48 BOARDING-HOUSES 49

V.-PRIMARY EDUCATION 49

STIPENDS AND REWARDS 52 UPPER PRIMARY SCHOOLS 59

Upper Primary Scholarship Examination 60 LOWER PRIMARY SCHOOLS . 61

Lower Primary Scholarship Examination 69

VI.-SPECIAL INSTRUCTION 66

A.-TRAINING SCHOOLS 67 Guru-training classes 70 Qualifications of teachers 73

B.-OTHER SCHooLs oF SPECIAL INsTRUCTION 75 Law . 76 Medicine . 77 Engineering 81 Arts and Industry 84

School of Art • 8~

Government Art Gallery 85 Industrial schools . 85 Other schools 86

VII.-FEMALE EDUCATION 87

VIII.-EDUCATION OF EUROPEANS g3

IX.-MUHAMMADAN EDUCATION 109

X.-EDUCATION OF ABORIGINAL AND BACKWARD RACES 115

XI.-INDIGENOUS EDUCATION 120

XII.-PREPARATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF TEXT-BOOKS AND OTHER SCHOOL LITERATURE 123

GENERAL STATISTICs-

GENERAL TAIILES I-VII SUBSIDIARY TABLES I-VIII

i-xiii . xit·-xxix

REPORT

ON

PUBLIC INSTRUCTION IN BENGAL,

1891-92.

I.-GENERAL SUMMARY.

IN conformity with the desire of Government that details should pe gone into more minutely in alternate years, the present report is somewhat longer than its predecessor, which, however, was exhaustive enough, inasmuch as Sir. Alfred Croft thought it desirable to treat certain portions of it at full length.

2. 'l'he following statement summarises the comparative statistics of educational institutions of all classes :-

CLus OF INsTITUTION.

Public Institutions-University .•. Colleges ...

[High English schools Secondary ... Middle do. do.

Do. vernacular schools Primary {Upper primary do.

· "' Lower do. do. Special (including madrassas) Female ... ...

Total ... PrivattJ Institutions-

(!) Advanced, teaching-(a) Arabic or Persian (b) Sanskrit ... ...

(2) Elementary, teaching a vernacular only or mainly-(•) With 10 pupils and upwards (b) With less than 10 pupils · .. .

(3) Elementary, teaching the Koran only .. . (4) Other schools not conforming to the depart

mental standards

1890-91. 1891-92. Average '""\ r----'----1 number of

Sohools.

34 364 834

1,222 3,646

43,998 295

2,?70

62,563

1,146 1,654

574 4,388 5,286

340

Pupils. Schools. Pupils. pupils.

5,232 . 77,621 68,635 66,260

128,832 942,244

8,624 49,638

1,336,886

15,233 16,857

8,463 26,564 62,217

3,723

34 363 827

1,113 3,667

44,920 28·£

2,743

53,956

1,294 1,694

568 4,069 5,969

284

5,225 77,433 68,601 61,361

135,612 987,948

8,50<1 67.~01

1,392,371

16.7·15 18,117

8,608 23,063 70,360

2,801

1891-92. 153 210

70 56 37 21 30 21

IS 10

15 5

11

9

Total ••• 13,387 132,Q67 13,868 139,594

GRAND ToTAL ... 65,950 ] ,468,943 67,824 1,631,965

3. Public institutions increased by 1,393, and the pupils attending them by 55,485. 'l'he number of colleges remained stationary, but their pupils were fewer by 7. High English schools increased by 4, but the pupils attending them fell off by 188. Middle English and middle vernacular schools declined by 7 and 109, and their pupils by 34 and 4,909 respectively. As will be noticed later on, a good many middle vernacular schools (aided from the primary grant) were relegated to the upper primary class during the year under report, only 5 schools being now shown as aided from that grant, against 117 in the preceding year. Primary schools gained both in number and strength. The upper primaries show an increase of 121 and lower

·primaries of 922, the pupils in them having respectively increased by 6,780 and 45,704. ~pecial schools show a slight decline. Female schools rose by 473 and their pupils by 8,163. All the divisions, except Patna and Bbagalpur, show an accession in the number of female schools and their pupils, a rather large increase having taken place in the Dacca and Chittagong Divisions.

. Private institutions increased by 481, and the pupils attending them by 7,537; the increase under both heads taking place in the advanced institutions teaching Arabic or Persian and Sanskrit, and the Koran schools. The

B

GENERAL

IIU!U.IARY.

2 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR

elementary schools teaching a vernacular only or mainly, and 'other schools' not conforming to the departmental standards, show a decline in number as well as in attendance. 1\:Iany of the schools under these heads are, properly speaking, primary schools, which cannot be classified as public institutions so long as. they do not adopt the departmental s.tandards. They are likely to be gradually eliminated from the returns as they improve in efficiency, while new schools of the same type will probably spring up elsewhere und~r similar teachers.

4. The following figures show the comparative increase and decrease in institutions of all classes and. in their pupils during the last ten years :-

1888 there was a gaizl Qf 10,809 schools and a gain of 204,447 pupils. 1881 ,.· , 1,St?9 , , , 81,617 ,. 1885 , " 2,884. , , " 17,671 ,,

But in 1886 ,_ a loss of 15,108 , , loss of 112.161 ,

In

"

In 1887 , , 191 , but a gain of 4,07S , Again in 1888 , a gain of 6,140 , and a ,, 90,843 ,

,, 1889 " , 1,146 . " ., u 29,205 ,. 1E90 , , 1,657 , , , 9,773 ,

But in lti9l ; , a loss of 835 , , loss of 22,980 , Again .in 1892 , a gain of 1,874 , , gain of 63,022 ,

The operations of the year under report have thus nJOr('l thaP. nJade up for the lo8S in schools and pupils recorded in the preceding year.

6. The population of Bengal, excluding Kuch Bihar, B;ill Tippera, and the Tributary States of Chota Nagpur, of which the schools are not included in our returns, is, according to the last census, 73,043,697, of whom 36,412,749 are males and 36,630,948 females. Reckoned at the usual rate of 15. per cent., the number of male children of school-going age would be 5,461,912, and the p.umber of female children 5,494,642. Of the scholars on our returns, 1,434,7~la,re boys and 97,184 girls. Hence, of all boys of a school-going age 26·2, 11nd of all girls of !I school-goi11g age 1·7, per ()ent, are at school. These r.el;'ceQtages are low enough; and considering that nearly every boy of the higher and middle classes, and of the literate castes, such as Brahmans, Kayasthas and Vaidyas, attends school, the percentage of th('l boys of the lower classes under tuition must be very low indeed. '!'here "seems to be much truth, therefore, in the statement l!!!l,d~. by a District Magistrate, that education has not, in many districts, touched the fringe of the masses as yet. As the number of towns and villages in Bengal is close upon 260,000, it appears that there is about one school to ever;!' four villages. ·

6. The following table classifies the schools Q.ccordipg to theil;' !Dapage· ment:- '

PunLIO ~NSTITUTJONs-

Und~ public management= Managed by Government ... ...

Ditto by District and Municipal Boards Under privat~ management-

Aided by Government, or by District or Municipal Boards ... ... · · ...

"!J 11aideli ...

Total

r~IVATB INsT:r;~u~zoN~:~-

Of \l)di~en~us instj'uction

GIIU<D TOT.j.L

1891. 1892. r-~-"" --. ~ r-Sc)lools. Pupils. Schools. pupils.

847 200

24,860 12,749

315 203

24,1Q5 13,089

48,128 1,0~6.823 . 43,455 1, 130,614. 8,893 ~02,95~ . 9,984 224,478

62,568 1,996,886 113,956 1,392,371

13,887 192,057 13,868 139,594 -·

65,~0 1,+68,9.43 67,824 US1,965

. Tbe !l~nJb.eJ;" of sc\lools m~i!ltained by the qepart!Dent fell ojl' by 32, owmg to th~ loss of one !Diddle Et~glish and o:ue !Diddle vernamdal;' school in the Raj~!J.ahl Pivisio11, <>~ 12lowe:r prim&ry s.chools ~.P. the Chi.ttagong Division." of 1 tra1ping. s~h_ool for masters in the Rajsl\!lhi PivisioJil and another ~n the Bhaga.lpur 1;>1Vl810ll, apd .o~ 17 g\l . .r\)..·trainin.g cla .. sses in di:lfe.xet~t p~rts of th. e country, set off by the ~ain of one ind,1,1,stria.l, school in the l3hagalpur :O~visi<>n· The loss of 12 l~wer pru;uary !!Qhools in the Qhittagong Piv~sion, m&intained by the depart!!lent,, 1s. , .. ho'Yever1 nominal, as they )lave b1;1e11 properly ret11ro,ed th1s year. ~s a1ded ~pst.1tutlons, The num,ber of schools maintained by District or Mumcip!l,l :Uo9,rd~ mcreased by 2, ~;>wing to th~ gain of 1 l)igh ~rigli~h sQI;10ol

OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 3

in the Dacca Division, of 3 middle vernacular schools in the Patna Division, and of 1 industria! school in the Bhagalpur Division, partially counterbalanced by a loss of 2 middle vernacular schools in the Bba"'alpur Division and of 1 upper primary school in the Dacca Division. 'rhe

0

aided schools show-a~ increase of 332,which took place chiefly in the number of female and U(lper primary schools, aided mainly from t.he primary grant; middle English, middle vernacular, and lower primary schools showing some falling off.

7. "The following table compares the departmental expenditure for the year with the budget provision, the figures being supplied by the AccountantGeneral. They include only those amounts which have been paid from or into Government treasuries on account of "Education":-

--Sanctioned A.otnals for

l3UDGRT HBAD OP EXPBNDITVBB. estimates for BBUJ.DXS. 189!-92. 1891-9~.

.. Rs. Rs.

Direction ... ... ... . .. 63,000 63,866 Inspection .•• . .. ... . .. 3,61,934 • 3,55,591 Government colleges, general ... . .. 4,~6.505 5.26,593

Ditto ditto, professional ... . .. 1,30,460 1,27,3&4. Ditto sohools, general ... ... 5,61,701 6,46,735 Ditto ditto, special ... ... 1,4.0,000 1,43,682

Grants-in-aid (including primary schools) ... 6,46,000 6,59,658 Scholarships ••• -uo ... . .. 1,76,000 1,93,067 Misoelln.neous • ... ... ... . .. 83,000 33,509 • Includes grants for Refunds -... ... . .. ... 6,000 1,529 tho onconrngcment - of literature.

Deduct Civil furlough and absentee allowance 24,9!,000 25,51,571 ... ... . ..

Total ... 24,94,010 25,61,671 Less receipts, including interest ... ... 5,84,000 6,07,892

Not Government exponditure ... ... 19,10,000 19,43,679

8. The actuals for the year have exceeded the estimates by Rs. 33,679. This,- as has been pointed out on ~revious occasions, is due to the deduction of large sums as 'probable savings from the totals of sanctioned expenditure. The savings anticipated are not fully effected, and every year shows that the total expenditure more or less exceeds the amount sanctioned after this deduc· tion. The amount deducted as 'probable savings' from the last year's budget was Rs. 1,62,384, while, with utmost vigilance and care and with increased receipts, it could not come up to more than Rs. 1,04,813.

The following are the chief heads under which the expenditure has exceeded the estimates :-(1) "Inspection," Rs. 4,257 (this has been partl;r due to the appointment of an additional Sub-Inspector of Schools in the Ch1ttngong Hill Tracts after the budget estimates of the year had been sanctioned, and partly to increased travelling allowances drawn by the officers); ( 2) " Government Colleges, General," Rs. 40,088-first, because the probable savings did not come up to the anticipated amount, and secondly, because of an additional grant of Rs. 4,500 for boarding charges in the Bethune College; (3) Government Schools, Special," Rs. 3,682-also due to the first of the causes assigned above; (4) " Grants-in-aid, Rs. 13,658, after deduction o£ Rs. 40,994 as " prob11ble savings;" ( 5) ''Scholarships," Rs. 17,067 -owing presumably to the inclusion under this head of the figures for the Assam scholarships, as was done by the Accountant-General in the preceding year also, when there was an excess of'Rs. 19,000 on that account.

There was a saving of Rs. 3,106 under (1) "Government Colleges, Pro· . fessional," owing chiefly to the appointment of a Principal on less pay for the · Sibpur Civil Engineering College on the death of lllr. Downing, who was in

class II of the Bengal Educational Service; (2) "Government Schools, General," Rs. 14,966, because the sum of Rs. 30,000 sanctioned for expenditure from the surplus balances was not wholly spent.

Under "Refunds" the actual expenditure was Rs. 1,522, Rs. 6,000 having been estimated by the Accountant-General. ·

The receipts exceeded the estimates by Rs. 23,892. The increase took place chiefly under the heads " Miscellaneous, " " Government Colleges,

D 2

0&:-!.lillAL

8Ullli.ART.

OBNER.U.

SU.HHARY.

REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 4

t Schools Special " in wllich the fee-collect.ions General, " and ." ~overn;hn was als~ some in~rease in the contributions from exc~eded the estrma es.. ate er:rsons. The receipts in " Government Colleges, Native. Stalte,~ andd .,PGnv ernmp ent Schools General," fell short of the estimates. Profess10na an ov 1 d · f th I t t 9. Th~ following table compares the expen Iture . or e _as wo years as

d tmental returns. The class of mstruct10n and not the ~~~enelh~:d t:fe ex e~:~liture is here made t~e basis of clas~ification. It includes

g 1 bl" p penditure but expenditure from pnvate sources, such as £::8 o:na ~~nt;ib:t~ons paid 'to the University and in all _public sch<?ols and II 't 1 · eludes the receipts and charges of medtcal ed ucatlon, and co eges; I a so m . . 1 . ·

the charges for school buildmgs and European schoo s .- .

YE.t.B 1890-Dl. I YBAR 1891-02,

BBA.D or OirA.llOB. Expendi· Expondl. Expendi· Expenditure Expenditure ~penditure Total turu from turo from ture from Total from Pro·. from Dis. from Muni· esponditure. l'rul'incio.l District Municipal expenditure. vincio.l triot Fund~. oipal Funds. .RovenuOIJ. Funds • Funds. Revenues.

Ra. Eo. Eo. Rs. Rs. Ro, Rs. Re. ... 1,29,000 2,'0S,ooo

... ... 94,000 University ... ... 9,70:ooo

... o,e2,ooo 7,07,000 Cclle,inte ... ...

2,2·o;ooo 4·s;ooo 28,'17,000 3,82,000 2,'SO,ooo '4tl,ooo su,I515,00o Secondary . ... ... S,Dti,OOO 2.-i,OO,OOO 1,44.,000 4,47,000 17,000 215,72,000 Prlmnrr ... ... 1,42,000 4,04,000 12,000 6,67,000 1,158,000 27,000 10,000 7,73,000 FemRie ... ... 1,61,000 25,000 10,000 6,li5,001J rs,oo,ooo 6,000 1,000 '1,00,000 e,ooo 1,000 Special ... ... 4,74,000

1,000 2,81,000 1,71,000 20,000 2,14,000 Bcholnrahips ,,. ... 2,03,000 'i;o~ 1,SS,000 3,72,000 3,000 .. ~.000 4,18,000 Buildings ... . .. 1,11,000 2,000

2,000 10,000 Furniture and opptlrntus 7,000 6,000 14,000 0,000 "il,ooo ·;:ooo 1,44,000 48,000 81,000 1,157,000 MiBOOllanoous ... ... ISJ,OOO 60,000 9 86 OuO 6,52,000 Superinklndenoe '" 4,10,000 2,28,000 0,151,000 4,13,000 ... -----------------:::--------- 82,000 9,862,000 Total ... 22,26,000 9,67,000 '14,000 83,74,000 24,06,000 10,61,000

0

The total educational expenditure durmg the y~ar _under report ~bows an increase of Rs. 7 78 000. The expenditure from Provmmal revenues mcreased by Rs. 2,70,000, ~nd that from district and m~micipal funds ?Y Rs. 84,000 and Rs. 8,000 respectively. The total expenditure from pubhc sources thus increased by Rs. 3,62,000, and that fro?I pnvate sources by Rs. 4,16,000 ..

'l'he total charges of the University amounted to Rs. 94,000, showmg a decrease of Rs. 35,000. They wer~ defrayed from its ow'?- fee-fund. .

Collegiate education shows an mcrease of Rs; 4?,000 m the total expenditure, of which Rs. 23,000 were met from Provmmal revenues and Rs.J2,000 from private sources.

'l'he total expenditure on secondary education shows an increase of Rs. 1,78,000. 'l'his has been solely due to the re-inclusion of the figures for unaided secondary schools to Europeans and Eurasians, which were not shown in the returns in the preceding year, the high English schools for these communities showing an increase of Rs. 1,54,000 under 'fees' and of Rs. 27,000 under ' other sources.' The expenditure from Provincial revenues and municipal funds decreased by Rs. 14,000 and Rs. 2,000 respectively; whilst the expenditure from district funds and private sources increased hy Rs. 1

1000 and

Rs. 1,93,000 respectively. The expenditure from Provincial revenues fell off in high and middle

English schools by Rs. 6,000 and Rs. 7,000 respectively, and remained almost unchanged in middle vernacular schools. 'l'he expenditure from district funds slightly increased in middle English schools, and slightly decreased in middle vernacular schools. The municipalities expended somewhat less on high and middle English schools, ·the expenditure on middle vernacular schools remaining almost the same as before. The income from private sources decreased in middle schools, owing to the general decrease in their number.

. There has been an increase of Rs. 1,66,000 in the total expenditure on pr1mar.f education. This is made up of an increase of · Rs. 2,000 in the expenditure from Provincial revenues, of Rs. 43,000 from district funds, of Rs, 5,000 from municipal funds, and of l!s. 1116,000 from private sources. The t?tal increase_. in the eXJ:lPDditure in upper primary schools was Rs. 16,000, and m lower pr1mary schools was Rs. 1150,000. In upper primary schools the exi?enditure from public sources increased by Rs. 2,000, although the expend1ture from Provincial revenues shows a slight .falling off. In lower pr1mary schools the expenditure increased under all the heads. . · . 'l'he total expenditure on female education increased by Rs. 1

106,000, of

w~1ch Rs. 9,000 were provided from public funds and the rest met from pnvate sources-.

OF PUllLIC INSTRUCTION, 5

The total expenditure on special instruction shows an increase of Rs. 45,0001 o•••••• of which Rs. 35,000 were met from Provincial revenues, and the balance, """'"Anr. Rs. 10,000, from private sources. The expenditure from Provincial revenues increased by Rs. 22,000 in the Sibpur Engineering Uollege owing to the purchase of machines, etc., in accordance with the Government Resolution of the 21st April1891; by Hs. 2,000 in the Calcutta Medical College; by Rs. 41000, Rs. 3,000, and Rs. 2,000 in the 1\Iedical, Survey, and Industrial schools, re~pect· ively ; and by Rs. 1 ,000 in the School of Art. On the other hand, the expenditure from Provincial revenues decreased in the madrassas and the training schools for masters by Rs. 3,000. The actual expenditure on special Rchools from Provincial revenues in the preceding year was reduced by Rs. 6,000, which accrued as a surplus from the fee.receipts of the law classes maintained · by the dP-partment, after defraying the necessary charges. This surplus came down to Rs. 2,500 during the year under report.

Scholarships show a decrease of Rs. 17,000 in the total. The expenditure from Provincial revenues fell off by Rs. 34,000, while that from district funds rose by Rs. 19,000, owing chiefly to the transfer of lower primary scholarships to the control of the District Boards.

Under the head "Buildings" there was an increase of Rs. 2,80,000, the expenditure from Provincial revenues having advanced by Rs. 2,61,000. 'fhis is mainly due to the purchase of a site in Chowringhee for the Government School of Art at a cost of Rs. 1,70,000 and to the construction of a building for that purpose and additions and alterations to the old building, at a cost of Rs. 33,000. The expenditure on account of furniture and apparatus diminished by Rs. 4,000. · The charges under the head "Miscellaneous" increased by Rs. 13,000,

which was met from the district and municipal funds. There was a decrease on this account of Rs. 3,000 under Provincial revenues.

'fhe cost of "Superintendence" shows an increase of Rs. 1,000. There 'was a falling off of Rs. 6,000 on this account in the expenditure from Pro· vincial revenues, that from district funds showing almost an equal increase.

The fee-receipts in the institutions under public management (Rs. 6,32,810) show an increase of Rs. 36,543. It is shared by all classes of institutions, except the Engineering and Law colleges, middle vernacular schools for boys, and high schools for girls. In the Law colleges the loss amounted to Rs. 4,600. 'l'he fee-receipts in aided colleges show an increase of Rs. 6,000, and in aided schools under private management of Rs. 1,15,653.

10. The following table sommari~es the statistics of attendance and expenditUl'e in all classes of public schools for native boys (the schools for Europeans, which are far more expensive institutions, being separately dealt with in .a subsequent ~ection of this report):-

f., " ~

0 AVBBAGB YBJ.BLY " j .; .. " 0 " COST OP E.t.CH ~ iii ~ PUPIL. . "' "

~ ..

" " .. . 0

"' :!! ~ (!)-t: ~ . "' .... ·o

CLAss oF ScnooLs. -" ...... " -" 0 9-!; .... .. o"il m :;! o., ~ .... "'" <0..0 .. -

0 e .... "' ~9 .. t><!l .. .... .. .. !!o " ~ .. ""

.. .,_

! e " . 0

3 "~ .. ~ o::::l Cl om

"" ~ '"O

rS ti:8 ~0 P::'" rS "' HIGII ENGLISII ScnooLs. Rs. •· P. Ba. ~ P.

Under public management,

Managed by Government ... Mnnicip.,;,i

49 274 216 78•8 10 s 8 s~ 11 9 so·s Ditto by District and 8 241 180 74•6 2 1 6 26 1 0 s·o

lloards.

Unrler private manasement.

Aided by Government, or by District or 171 164 116 76•3 8 6 s 19 •1 4 17•4 Municipal Beards,

I28 248 189 76•2 18 9 1 Unaided ... ... ... ... ... - -Total High English Schcola ... 856 205 107 62'1 ... ... ...

Olll<I!IUL

SOJOIAI\T.

6 REPORT OF THE DIBECTOR

CLABBBB OP SCBOOLB.

MIDDLif ENGLISH SCHOOLS.

Under public managemont.

Mana~ed by Government ... ..~ .. ',;i Ditto by District and .... umclp

Boards.

Und"• private mahagemont.

Aided by Government, or by Distrjct or Municipal Boards.

Unaided ... "' "'

Total Middle English Schools ...

MIDDL~ VnnNAOUL<B ScHOOLs.

Under public management.

Managed by Government . ... ... Ditto by District and ·Municipal

Boards.

Under private management.

Aided by Government, or by District or Municipal Boards.

m

0 0

"" " .. 'S .. " .a 9

tz;

5 20

583.

208 --8W

33 152

. fo " 0

Jl .. " .a

t . .. :::lO> g~» .... ~ ~~ .:;o

149 so

61

63 --61 """--

74 62

g

" .. " " ~ ~ "" " " ±! ±! " " ... - . o:: :a 1l,"" "" .. s "

_,. '"' "'" ! " . ":::l tg

P;

114 797 60 76

50 74'6

49 71'1

61 108'6 -

64 72'9 42 80'7

~

" Av.ERAGB YBABLY " COST OP BACH 8 ~ PUPJt. ... 0

.I co~ .... ... 8 " " o-,..:l 8 = to.S .. -a.s ~ "~ (.!) 3 e8

~ ~ "" "' Rs, A, p, Rs. A. P

' 8 12 6 17 6 1 60'7 0 '0 2 10 6 9 '09

011 6 12 911 6•6

... 1 8 4 ... -----... ... ... ---------

8 11 1 9 6 6 39'8 0 0 6 8 7 6 •3

811 51 39 76"4 1 1 10 8 0 8 14'6.

Unaided ... 117 53 41 77'S ... 6 9 2 ... ... 1~--1.,.-.~ -·- -· -·- ....._ _____ !--_ Total Middle Vernacular Schools ... ·1,113 52 40 76'9 ... ... "'

UPPBB Pnruuy ScHooLs. 1--1------

Under public managemont.

Managed by Government ... 6 22 12 64'6 9 6 Q 9 6 0 ·100 Ditto by District and :Municipal 10 25 17 68 ... 4 011 ...

Boards.

Under private managemene. . 6 0 :a 10 s 10'8 Aided by Government, or by District or 3,444 34 26 76'4 0

Municipal Boards. 202 31 24 77'4 2 9 10 ... Unaided ... ... ... .. . ----- - ------Total Upper Primary Schools 3,661 34 26 76·4 ... ... ... ... -LowEn PruuAnY ScHooLs.

--- -Under public management.

.

Managed by Government ... ... ... ... .. . ... '9 .. . Ditto by District and Mnnicip~i 3 27 24 ss·8 ... s 6 ... Boards.

Under prioate management.

Aided by Government, or by District or 85,984 20 16 80 0 Ill 1 1 10 10•7 Municipal Boards. . 8

Unaided ... ... ... 8,931 15 12 80 ... 2 0 ... - -----Total Lower Primary Schools ... 44,918 20 16 75 ... ... ... The average monthly number of pupils on the rolls of a high English

school is 205, of a middle English school 67, and so on, till it becomes only 20 in a lower primary. As fee-receipts constitute the main source of support to most of the schools on our returns, the higher the status of an institution, the greater its roll-number ought to be, for the sake of efficient management. In admitting a school to a higher status, therefore, it is always desirable


to see that it has a certain number of pupils on the rolls. A high English school, for in. stance, should not h. ave, exceptions apart, less than 100 pupils to begin with. 1\Ir. K. G. Gupta, 1\Iagistrate of Nadia, is of opinion that a school with less than 150 boys should seldom be raised to the high English status. 'l'he income in such cases, he says, is not large enough to maintain a competent staff, and discipline as well as the quality of instruction equally suffers. As the multiplication of schools, often much above the requirements of the localities, has become a source of anxiety in the interests of sound discipline, it would be well to insist on a minimum attendance for every class of public institution. The minimum for a lower primary, for years recognized by the department, is an attendance of 10 pupils.

The cost to Government, as well as the total cost per pupil, varies in general according to the class of schools. The exceptionally high figures for upper primary schools managed by the department are to be accounted for by the extremely backward character of the places where they are situated, there being literally no receipts from other sources.

11. The subjoined statement shows the proportion of boys actually at school in the different districts, compared with the number of boys of school· going age, taken at the usual rate of 15 per cent. of the male population:-

NUMBER OP BOYS PBBCBNTAGB O:r DOYB Number AT SCHOOL TO BOYS

Mnle of boys AT SCHOOL. 01' SCHOOL·GOlNG AGB. No. DISTBIOT. population. of school·

going ago. Year I Yonr I Yoar I Yoar

·1890-9!. 1891-92. 1890-91. 1891-92.

1 Noakhnli ". 608,727 76,309 41,764 50,619 54 66 2 Howrnh ... 864,890 64,738 29,716 31,460 59 57 3 Hooghly ... 692,139 88,820 63,626 49,948 68 55 4 T~pern ... 911,799 186,769 67,806 74,094. 49 54 o{ B asore ... 481,638 72.245 93,936 81,750 4.7 48 Midnaporo ... 1,908,100 196,215 JOO,QJS 94,387 51 48 1 Calcutta ... 446,746 67,0ll 29,375 82,0t2 44 47 8 Dacca ... 1,200,589 180,087 74,288 84,03~ 41 46 9 Chittn~ong ... 6!5,868 92,380 39,9t7 41,174 43 ~~

lOt Cuttack ... 940,567 14!,083 69,928 61,129 45 4S 24-Parganas ... 989,278 148,992 62,818 64,098 42 43 Bankura ... 525,941 78,891 36,738 8J.,4l! 47 43

19 { Backergungo ... 1,104,448 165,666 62,99b 71,141 38 43 Burdwan ... 682,872 ,102,431 46,427 43,430 45

·~ 15 Khulna ... 617,981 92,697 81,600 95,065 34 87 16 Birbhum ... 389,699 58,446 19,398 21,456 sa 36 17 Singhbhum ... 271.417 4.0,112 12,769 12,657 31 81 18 Puri ... 474,530 71,179 19,600 19,397 27 27 19 {

Faridpur ... 893,091 !33,963 29,!30 84,983 21 26 Patna ... 865,132 1~9.859 34,868 34,046 21 26 21 Mnrshidabad ... 605,665 90,849 21,091 21,134 23 23 22 Saran ... 1,139,926 170,088 34,03~ 87,709 20 22 23 Jessore ·-· 941,934 141,200 28,928 27,261 20 19 24{

Nadia ... 802,147 120,322 23,551 22,702 19 !8 Maida ... 399,917 69,987 12,148 10.851 20 18

26[ Mymensingh ... 1,788,616 268,292 44,22~ 46,8711 16 17 Bor,;a · . ... 418,916 62,837 9,6·10 U,ll6 15 17 Pa na ... 677,91! 101,686 16,369 17.989 16 17 1\lnnbhum ... 693,199 88,979 13,279 16,298 15 17

so{ Dinajpur , .. 812,047 121,807 !9,641 20,480 16 16 Gay a , .. l,0.~5.0ll 156,761 24,010 25,697 16 16 Monf.hyr ... 987,o72 148.060 23,527 24,677 16 !6

89 Haz ribligh ... 666,964. 85,044 12,738 !3,010 15 15

34{ Champaran ... 936,136 140,420 20,445 20,087 " H Lohardaga ... 551,878 82,780 12,740 12,393 12 14 Bhagalpur ... 1,00~,865 150,729 20,966 21,200 14 14

~7 r Jalpaiguri ... 364,659 64,698 6,930 7,4!5 I~ 13 Darjooling , .. 123,046 18,456 1,998 2,818 lJ u Sonthal Par~anas ... 870,667 130,686 17,222 16,171 13 12 Orissa Tnbntary 849,450 127,417 14,496 !5,69J

38l Mahals ... 10 u

Rangpur ... 1,06!,812 159,271 19,375 19,949 u 1~ Shnhabad ... 990,799 l4ij,6J9 16,191 18,096 u 12 Rajshahi ... 654,338 98,150 13.~36 !2,661 13 12

44 { Muzaffarpnr ... 1,805,314 195,806 20,958 21,353 10 liJ Darbhaogn ... 1,370,986 205,647 16,790 21,287 1 10 46 Purnen. ... 993,496 149,0~4 16,734 11,994 10 8 47 Palamnu ... 294,820 44,148 2,548 2,726 ... 6 48 Chittagoog Hill

Tracts ... 59,566 8,934 527 356 6 3

QB...'flillAL

BUJUUJlY,

OB!iBRAL

BUllliARY.


A corresponding tab!~ was give_n i.n paragraph 75 of the last repo.rt, in the section on primary education. As 1t mclude?, ho'!ever, boys attendi.ng every class of public institutions, I have thought 1t desuable to transfer 1t to the present section. . . .

There has been a general shifting of places among the ~dierent d1strtets. The first 14 districts for instance, of this table are substantmlly the same as those in the corres~onding table .of the previous report ; but Noakhali has gone up from the second to the first place, and Hooghly has come down.. from the first to the third. Howrah, Balasore, Dacca, Chittagong, Calcuttat Backer· gunge, Tipp11ra and the 24-Parganas have moved up; while Midnapore, Cuttack, Bankura and Burdwan have gone down.

The number of districts with 50 per cent. or upwards of their male children at school is 4 as before; those with from 40 to 49 per cent. have increased from 9 to 10; those with 20 to 39 per cent. have declined from 11 to 8; those with 10 to 19 per cent. have increased from 21 to 23, and those with less than 10 per cent. are 3 against 2 in the preceding year.

Midnapore has come down from the first to the second group, while Tippera has moved up to ·the first; Backergunge has gone up from the third to the second, Darbhanga from the fifth to the fourth, while Maida and Jessore have come down from the third to the fourth, and Purnea from the fourth to the fifth class. The new district of Palamau also belongs to the lowest class, with only six per cent. of its male children under instruction. It appears to be almost as backward in education as are the Hill Tracts of Chittagong, with far higher capability for improvement; and special measures will have to be adopted for its rapid development from an educational point of view.

12. The classification of pupils, according to their progress, in all schools of general instruction is shown in the following table. 'l'he high stage includes pupils in the first two classes of high schools ; the middle stage includes pupils in the lower classes of these schools, and in the higher classes of middle schools, down to the point which marks the limits of primary education; the upper primary stage includes the higher section and the lower primary the lower section of primary schools or classes; these last again being subdivided into those that read printed books and those that are below that stage:-

·-.!l o.;J LOWER PRIMARY STAGB,

8 ~Q RIGII 81'AQB. :r.trnDLB SnoB. UPPBR PRnU.BY

"" ~ SUQB, ~

Totn.

0LA88 OP SCDOOL& <! ,:-§~ o.~

Highor •ectlon. ("odlngl Lower scotion• (not ~l'intod books). rending printed book&),

H l~h Engli11b )11 dlo .,

,. vomnonlnr Uppor prhl\ury Luw.,r ,.

Totnl

] """" .lie~

I~ :3 ~I ....

I I 11 I I I I I I I I a s •• i • .'! ~ . ~ ~ 3 li. ,; :3 •

" ~.SOil !1 :;; -;: :8 z ?. 0 s 0 0 0

"' .. "' CJ "' a .. "' ... ... 8..1\-\ ?'ll,OOfl 20,~7ll 11:10 20,7S.i 23,111S "" 23,1S071tn,Mo S73I!0,02D 1o,m 270 n,ou rsoo 101 72) 77,"0 ••• ~0 611,S.IlG l!'i ... Ill 11,288 .t,]'j n,7oiS

1

to,H· • 492 17,236 20,1l10 08) 27 .fi07 s. 727 600 •• 333 68,08-io ... 1,13."1 02,7!-111 10 .•. 10 lO,SM .. 10,3911 liS,·Ifre 170 15,G3S 28,708 l,38t :-10,000 0,397 "'' 0,750 00,1.127 ... 3,\)()8 1·1.."1,71!1'1 ... 3 3 000 o>

·:r··~ 1,153123.~02 83,77t 7,:i92 Ol,liH 20,39·i 4,38-1 30,778 132,72-1

... 47,:m t,o30.~17 .•• ... . .. 2 2 S,IOlJ 165 3,361 62li,G37 S7,UJ.O Otl3,M7 S31,6H 31,713 Sb3,327 9GO,·U9

... J63,U38 1,S78,0.W\2u:®o --162; 26,762 ~5,2M 02) 46,1Dl 74,007 ~.S5o;7o,S6ol~ ----- ..,;;m 47,M7 8'~,412 309,098 57,217 1,290,SM

I

The pupils in t~e ~igh ~tage of i!lstruction incre~sed by 190, although the tota~ n~mbe.r of puplls m h1gh English schools declmed by 188. Again the pup!ls l? m1ddle schools fell off by 4,943, while those in the ·middle staO'e of !nstructwn decreased by 1,845 only. It is evident, therefore, that the total loss m the sch?ols of secondary instruction was confined to the primary sta"'e. There was a f~llu!g off of 3, 7 4~ pupils in the ~pper primary stage, although the number of ~upt,ls m uppe~ pnmary schools mcreased hy 6, 7~0. The total gain of pup1ls m upper pnmary schools was therefore restricted to the lower primary stage. . 'l'he number of pupils in the hi[J'her section of the lower primary staO'e mcreased by 50~762, or by 6·5 per c~nt., and those in the lower section by 10,20~, or by 2·a per cent. The total number of pupils in the lower primary

bstage mcreased by 60,970, although the pupils in lower primary schools increased

y 45,704 only. . . The. number of ~upils not reading print~d books was 405,915, against

39a,707 ~n .the preceding year. From this it appears that there were many uew admissions of mere beginners.

,; :E

"' 1,450 2,202 1,862

13,001 00,788

85,312

I 3 0 ..

?0,009 {10,886 62,7b'9

l<M,725 1,030,237

1,378,646


· · 13. The following compendious summary o£ the foregoing table compares the salient figures for the last two years:- · .

Number ~f pupils.

SUGB. Increase. Decrease.

1890-91., 1891-92.

High ... ... ... 26,672 26,762 190 ... Middle ... ... 48,086 46,191 .. . 1,84& Upper prima;:; ... ... 80,114 lj6.~66 . .. 3,749 Lower , (higher section) ... 172,650 823,412 50,762 ...

" " (lower , ) ... 895,707 405,915 10,208 ...

1--·----~ -Toto! ... 1,323,079 1,878,646 61,160 5,693 ...J

Net increase 66,567

14. The number o£ pupils in all classes o£ institutions, aided and unaided is shown in the following table for each division:- · '

IK PUDLIO INSTITVTIONB,

DIVIIJIONB, ' Colleges. Secondary achoola. Primary echools. Total,

1891. 11892. 1

1 Spt'Cialachoob. \

---,---llstll. 1"99 1 1891, 1802~ 1891. 189i!. 1801 1800

·---· ClllcnU& ... ... &,402 s,su 10,8'29 20,'168 H,SM 14,3S6 l,I!SS J,S69 ""·'"" 40,SII4 Prosidencr ::: ... ... ''" .. , Stl,Ofi9 ~:~· 140,6111 U4,0M "" ... 177,t;{lG 1M,7t6 Burdwan ... ... ... ?88 ,.. 41,624. 240,717 2·10,000 bH ?"' 2S11,7UA 2Sd,M9 Ro.~sho.hi ... ... ... 100 '" 16,623 111,726 73,605 78,256 "? .,,, ou,85-• 9~.t'i20 Dncoa ... ... 038 760 38,310 sn,s:m 145,71S!) 170,486 1,140 1,1M 185,b77 200,230 Chittagong '.'.: ... ... •• Sl 13.~89 13,700 111,143 130,170 ... 1,042 12:i,Sl0 )4,'1,(}~

Vatna. ... ... ... 883 111,160 1~,2~7 U9,7U 142,088 1,019 1,060 J4.7,1UG 1M1,700 Bhllgalpur ::: ... ... ?7 •• 8,038 7,6RS 7G,O~l EID~71S , .. "' 83,480 77,700 Chota. Nngpur ... ... .. . ... 4,676 4,9313 53,611 M,2GS ... 208 08,!101 641,403 Orisso. ... •• •• . .... . .... 109,009 107,733 soo 346 111!,668 118,7~ Orissa Tributary ]inhai8' ... ... .. , ),060 U,9·U 16,167 " " 1tl,!'IW 17,'l4! P}f,ils in &choola for ... ... 6,331 0,3741 498 ... ... ... 6,b29 7,0.!111

uropeans and EUJ1L.o sia.ns. --------------

Total ... 6,723 6,287 207,468 202,68t t,ua,~tJs 1 1,1'76,962 -;:a;;- ?,<38 1,33d,8&J l,SW.,S71

JN PlliVA.TB INSTITUTIONS,

DIVIBIOlfB, Advanced, I Elementary. I Teaching tho I Oth I Kot·an only. cr sc.bools.

1801. 11892. 11891. 11892. 11891. l 189:!. 11891: 11802. '

~~fJ!~oy"" ::: ::: n:= o~~ "i7D '"s.'J 1'8:! 3·~1; '"

Burdwo.n ... ... ••. l,'ltO 1,907 834. ~73 28t tl~O ""st Ro&jababi ... ... ,., '192 1,-100 741 781 'lOS '788 IS Do.cca ... ... ,., ~.674o 6,072 4>,402 oi,25S 29,643 35,661 888 Cbitta.gong ... ~" 4.,140 3,6841 rs;wn 2,698 28,2011 27,700 488 Pat11a. ... ,., ... 12,03() 14,252 10,24-i 12,214. 1,2M 1,768 1,830 Bhfi.galpur ... ... t,U60 4-,4-70 tl,097 4,JliS 233 480 ~ Chota. Nt\!pur ... ... 49S '729 470 3!!6 M 'It tl Orissa ... ... ... 1,288 1,320 6,860 6,707 62 1D 81 OriSKa Tributary Ma.hn.ls 40 7tl 9-iO 721 8 20 ..S :Pupils in schools for ... ... ... ... ... ,,. .,,

'"oo "!SSt ••• ,, ...

261

Total.

1891. 1 189!.

1,8'70 1,239 2,867 2,2·18

89,007 sg,ou.a. 23,368 11,136

1,1>27 7,281 ],031

S,OS7 1,211 3,070 !,969 40,!1~ M,G04o 29,1\8. u.s.~ 1,1811 7,137 ..,,

slana. . Huropoona and Eura- I

~otal a;:o;Jis;:8621 S4,u27j 31,6711-;:m--;o:;oo-;:m--;:soi"f-·l:S2,0~7~

GBJlfi> TOTll,

41,'7S., 178,1!3-, f9:!,6!ltl

1!3,102 2~,7S' IUS,·i'l4o l7~,Gt'i1 04,016 tlll,tl~8

12~.1139 JO,M~7 0,~29

43,401 ltU,067 ISV,tliD

118,-UUJ 265,7~2 179,6t9 l~.4lt0 ffl,uss Cl,!l!h!

]110,986 )H,IOl

'·"" l,c.s:J,906

The number of pupils increased in all the divisions, except Burdwan, Bbagalpur, and Orissa, the largest increase having taken place in the Dacca and Chitto gong Divisions.

II.-CONTROLLING AGENCIES.

15. The following changes took place in the staff of higher inspecting officers duringtheyear:-Babu DinaNathSen, Officiating Inspector of Schools, Eastern Circle, was absent on privilege leave from the 28th December 1891 to the lOth February 1892, and Babu BrajendraKumar Guha, Assistantlnspectorof the Chittae:ong Division, who was temporal'ily.on deputation as Assistant Inspector,

0

OE~ERAL

SUlUI.ARt,

CONrnoLLINU

~QEMCIKS.

10 REPORT OF !tim DIRECTOR

aol<'I'ROttma Dacca. Division, took charge of his office in ad?ition to ~is own duties. Babu ••••0!1111. Bra.jendra Kumar Guha. was absent on deputat10n as Assistant Inspector, Dacca

Division, from the 14th December 1891 to the 25th February 18!:12, and Babu Tarak Bandhu Chakravarti took charge of his office in addition to his own duties. Mr. Reuther was on privilege leave from the 21st April to the 3rd June 1891, and Mr. J. H. D'Abreu, Head Master, Patna City School, officiated for him. Maulavi Muhammad Ibrahim, B.A., Assistant Inspector of Schools for Muhammadan Education, Patna and Bhagalpur Divisions, was absent on privi-lege leave for one month from the 17th April 1891. .

16. The following statement shows the tour made by Sir Al£red Croft during tho year under report, and the nature of the work done by him:-

MoNrH.

July 1891

. "Numbor. of days •pent

on tour outside head

quarters.

:Places visited.

12 • Kurseong, Jalpn.iguri, ·llinnjpur, Rangpur~ 'Giridih, Hooghly, an<l Xrishnagha.r.

Work done.

Inspection of schools and colleges aod conference with the local11fficors.

Octcbor .. • Badamton and Kalimi"'ng.

Insl'oction of schools and conference w1th the local missionaries on the subject of increasing the educational grant.

NOvember, Bonlia, Sibpur nnd Midnapo~e.

Chinsnrah and Berhompore.

Inspection of tho Rajshahi, Sihpur Civil Engineering, and Midnapore Colleges, and of schools at tuose places.

Inspection of tho Hooghly and Berhampore Colleges and of scliools, including the :!l!lurshidabad N awab's Ma<lrassa, at those places. .

Deoombo'r ., 9

Jonllnry 1893 .•.•. Suri, !Dutnltn and Inspection of schools.

l!'ob'rnary .. 6

17 Benogorio..

·nurdwan, Bankipore, Arroh, Motihari, and Bhagnlpur.

Inspection of the Burdwan, Patna, Bih&r National and Bhligalpur Colleges and of schools -~t those places, and ooiiferenoe with 'the local officers.

March .. ;Banl<ipor To meet thee Bihar· Industrial ·School ·Committee with o. view to devise o. system on which the schoo!.should be.startcd .

. • Stnrted [rom Dnr}oellng.

17. Tho following tab1o shows the amount of inspection work done by the [nspectors and Assistant Inspectors of Schools:--'- .

NAMES oP OrPicEns.

Rai Radhika Prasanna Mookofjea Cllahodnr, Inspector ·of Schools, Presidency Circle ,,, ·... ... ,,,

Da.bu Cho.ndra. M.oha.n Mozumdnr, M.A., D.L., Assistant Inspector of Schools, Presidency Division ,,, ····

, Bircswnr Chnkro.vnrti, Assistant Inspootor of 'SChools, Chota Nngpur Divi~ion .... ... "'

,. Brnhma Mohan Mollik, Inspector of Schools, Western Circle ... ... ... . ... ..,

., Doni Madhnv Do, M.A., Assistant Inspector or Sch~ols, Burdwnn Division -... ... ... . ..

Rad\" .. N ath ltai, Joint-Inspector of Schools, Orissa DlVJSIOn ... ... ••. ... ...

, Dino. Nath Sen, Officiating Inspector of Schools, Eastern Circle• ... ... . ... ... ..

, Drajon<irn Xumnr Guha, n.A., Temporary Assistant Inspec: tor of Schools, Dacca Division, in charge or the office of Inspector of Schools. Eastern Circle, in addition to his own duties, from 28tll December 1891 to IUth February 1892, during tho absence on privilege leave of Bnbu Dina Nath Son ... ... ... ...

" Tnrnk llnndhu Chakravarti, ·Deputy Inspector of Schools, Chittngogn, in chnrgo of tho office of Assistant Inspector of Schools, Chittagoog Division, in addition to his own duties from 1st April to lith .Tuly 1891, and again from 14th Docombor 1891 to 25th F,•brnary 1892, during the nbsence on deputation ·of Bnbu Brajendra Kumar Guha, n.A.

Days on tour M'l outside 1 08

·head-quarters. travelled.

i48 5,015

127 .3,675

lG6 '8,293

130 8,437

Ill 2,04.9

157 3,242

137 2,637

25 349

..., • On privilcgo'loava lor one month and U d1\y9 frOto 2.stb DUtombOr l8Dt.

Schools visited.

299

204.

210

'130

·118

149

173

OF PUBLlO lNSTRUC'l'ION •.

Daya on tour M'l outside 1 cs

head-quarters. travelled, N.&.MBS OP 0PPICEBS.

Babu Brajendra Kumar Guha, B.A., ASsistar,t lnspectorof Schools, ' Cbittagon~ Division, from 12th July 1801 to 18th L>ecom-ber 1891 and from 26th February 1892 to 31st March 1892 ... ... . ..

Mr. G. llollelt, H.A., Inspector of Schools, Rajshahi Circle n c. A. Martin, LL.D., Inspector of Schools, llih&r Cirole ... , J. Reuther, Assistant Inspector of Schools, Patna Dil"'ision• ., J. H. D' A brou, Head Master, Patna City School, Officiating

Assistant Inspector of Schools, Patna Division, from 21st Aprill891 to 3rd June 1891, during tho absence on privilege leave of Mr. J. Reuther ... ... ...

llabu Mathura Nath Chatterji, :u .•• , Assistant Inspector of Schools, llhogalpur Division ... ... ...

Maulavi Muhammad Ibrahim, B.A., Assistant Inspector of Schools for Muhammadan Education, Patna and .Bbogalpur Division&t ... ··· ••· ··· Abdul Karim, D.J.., Assistant Inspector of Schools for Muhammadan Eduod.tion, Dacca and Chittagong Divi-

.. sions ... ,.. .•. . ..

Mt. H. A. Bamford, Inspector of European Schools... ... .. C. Edwn.rds, Temporary Assistant Inspector of Europoan

Schools ...

• Og privilnsre lco.vP from 21st April to 3rd Juno JRnt.

t lJitto for one moneh from 17th AprtltSDl. Incln~ive of four do1ys au spN:liiLI duty o.t Cu.lcutta,

§ Dltt<> ftvo dn.ys ditto ditto,

102 20l 144 176

21

160

66

2,064 ,,7S6 6,682 6,oo~

4,377

3,984

4,640 6,468

3,976

11

Schools visited.

186 !62 170 436

13

31~

3-41

Rai.Radhika Prasanna Mookerjea Bahadur was out on tour for 143 days, of which 61 days were spent in the five districts of the Chota Nagpur Division and 82 days in the five districts of the Presidency Division. He visited schools of all classes, except indigenous schools. This officer is also Secretary of the Text-Book Committee. Babu Chandra Mohan Mozumdar was out on tour for 127 days, visiting all tlie districts of the Presidency Division. He also spent several days in inspecting schools situated within a radius of five miles from head-quarters. Babu Bireswar Chakravarti spent 156 days in visiting the schools in the five districts of Chota Nagpur, and 9 days in inspecting the numerous schools in Ranchi.

The Inspector of the Western Circle paid one visit to a second grade college, 36 to high English schools, 21 to middle English schools, 18 to middle vernacular, 11 to upper primary, 5 to lower primary, 26 to girls' schools, 11 to special schools, and one to an indigenous school. 'l'he Assistant Inspector also paid visits to schools of all classes. The Assist11nt Inspector was det11inecl at head-quarters during a good portion of November and a part of December 18911 in consequence of having to draw up the report ca.lled fur by the Magistrate of Hooghly in connexion with the census of 1891. In that report educational statistics of different kinds, and the progress of the district educationalll during the last 20 years, bad to be shown in compliance with the Magistrates requisition. '

Babu Radhn Nath Rai, Joint-Inspector of Schools, Orissa Division, spent 174 days in inspection work, the number of days devoted to inspection outside head-quarters being 157, of which 66 days were spent in Cuttuck, 35 in Puri, 48 in Balasore, and 8 in the Gurj ats. He visited schools of all clussP,s. As Secretary to the Orissa Text-Book Committee he has to be present at headquarters on every occasion of a meeting of that body, and of the examination and selection of text-books and preparation and revision of text-books for schools of all grades.

Babu Dina Nath Sen spent 50 days in the Dacca district, 13 in Faridpnr, 26 in Mymensingh, 16 in Tippera, 10 in Noakhali and 13 in Uhittagong, vitiiting schools of all classes except indigenous schools. The total number of days spent on tour by the Inspector of Schools and Assistant ~nspector f?r. ~1uhammadan education was 214 for the Dacca and 89 for the Ch1ttagong DivisiOn. But the schools in the Chittall'Oilll' Divitiion had also the advantage of being inspected by the Assistant ln~Jector of that division. Those of the Dacca Division had no such advantage.

1\Ir. G. Bellett travelled during the year 4,785 miles. He pnid 48 visits to hi"'h Enalish schools, 61 to middle English, 68 to middle vernacular, 18 to upper

0

prim~ry, 37. to lower primary, 14 to g:irls' schools, and _16 to. spe_cial schools. In actualmspection he spent 41 days m Bogra, 16 days m DarJeeling,

c 2

CONTROLLING

AQBNOIBS.

CONTROLLING

A.OKNCJKS,


.22 days in Dinajpur, 9 days in Jalpaiguri, 28 days in Pabna, 24 days in Rajshahi, and 35 days in Rangpur.

Dr. lJ. A: Jl-fartin was incapacitated for more than a month by influenza. Owing to this illness he left unvisited three secondary schools in the Purnea district, four in North BMgalpur, and one in North Monghyr. Nevertheless he visited all the districts of the Patna and Bhagalpur Divisions. Mr. Reuther visited nearly all the middle schools in the Patna Division. Maulavi Muhammad Ibrahim inspected during the lear in the Patna Division only, as Dr. Martin's inspections were chiefly devote to the Bhagalpur Division. In addition to his

· 126 days on tour he spent four days on duty in Calcutta, and about 30 days, under Dr. Martin's instructions, in seeing influential Muhammadan gentlemen with a view to interest them in the education of their co-religionists. Babu llfathura Nath Chatterjee, in addition to the 160 days spent on tour, was for three days at Bankipore, and spent 7 days in inspection of schools at headquarters.

The work of the Inspector and the Assistant Inspector of European Schools is of a special nature, and involves their presence at head-quarters for a great part of the year.

Mrs. Wheeler, Inspectress of Female SchoolR, visited 119 schools and 388 zananas during the year. She was on tour outside head-quarters for fifty days.

18. The· following table shows the amount of work done by the Deputy' Inspectors:- ·

DtBTRICTS.

Bankuro. BurdwanDivision Bi~bhum r~-

Mtdnoyore Hoogh y llowrah

Average for tho Division

Calcutta

(24-Pnrganas Presidency Divi- I Nadia

sion. ~ J esaoro L Khulna Murshidabad

Average for the Division

Rajshahi sion.

rDinajpnr Rnjshnhi

Divi. Rnngpur

t~:~~: Dnrjoelin!l Jalpaigur~


... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... 000 ... ...

Dacca Divhion ... f~:idapur ::: Backergungo ... Mymensingh ...

Average for the Division

Ch ittagong Divi., Hill Tracts ... [

Chitlngong and

01on. N onkhali •;, Tippera :::


Days on Nnmber Secondary tour Visits to

outside of schools secondary schools head. visited. schools. under

quarters. inspection.

202 243 1a4 116 165 939 102 69 169 246 66 95 196 291 104 S9 141 19S 6d 109 184. 166 71 65

0

166 24.7 96 7S - -----. .. 196 65 ... ------ ---·· 166 H'l 120 141 166 224. ll4 Sit 167 233 100 Sit 165 24:l 122 78 190 367 101 62 -------16S 261 111 sa -----M7 1~ h ~ 17S 206 102 28 163 206 123 67 223 458 160 69 153 183 96 27

(On special duty throughout the year.) 1o6 12o I 47 2'

162 . 221199--89----------159 102 214. 178

. 823 163 668 311

1SO 79

174 193

180 95 9J

120 --------162 S86 ' 14.2 122 ----166 269 96 69 16S 976 105 46 195 810 120 85 1---1------176 813 107 63

RBII4BIU.

• There is an addition· a! Deputy Inspector of Schools, Burdwan, whose work is not shown in the state· ment .

t Ercluding schoob.

Collegiate

OF PUDLIC INSTRUCTION. 13

Days on Sccondnry tour Number Visits to

DIBTBICTS. outside of schools secondary . schools llBM.t.BJtS,

head. visited, schools. under

quarters. ins1>oction.

(Patna ... 248 5a 69 15 J Gnya ... 182 376 74 16

· Shnhabad ... 16~ 463 60 20 Patna Division ••. M uznffarpnr ... 163 334 61 IS l Darbhangn ... 187 628 61 13

Saran ... 269 335 79 16 Chnmparnn ... 166 364 68 13 -------Al"erage for the Division ... 196 416 363 !6

·--· ------(BbUgalpur ... 182 373 66 12

Bhngnlpur D' . I Mon~hyr ... 1M3 3j6 74 13 lVl• I Purnca 172 214 46 12 ·SlOD, l Sonthal Parg·~:

no.s ,,, 168 144 43 17 • Maida ... 190 2~19 103 22 ---- ---Averago for the Division ... 177. 277 66 . 16 ---- ----

fCuttnck ... 169 227 77 39 Orissa Division... Puri ... 192 236 63 23

Bnlasore ... 117 180 63 31 --------Average for the Division ... 156 214 64o 31 --------

{Hnzlirib&gh ... 188 268 66 16 Chota N agpur Lohardnga ... 134 3;l7 27 11

Division. PalU.mnu ... 37 68 6 s 1\'lnnhhum ... 186 306 67 2·L Singhbhum ... 187 387 49 8

--------Average for the Division ... 183 839 61 Ill

The prescribed amount of 150 days has not been attained in Hooghly, Howrah, Dinajpur, J alpaiguri, Faridpui, and Balasore. .Babu Brajendra Kumar Guha appears, as Deputy Inspector of Hooghly, to have done no travelling at all. The travelling was done by Bubus Bhawani Churn Dhar and Sripati Banerji. .Babu Hara Mohan Bhattacharya, Deputy Inspector of Howrah, suffered much from ill-health, especially during the cold months of the year, which compelled him at last to obtain privilege leave for more than one month from the 8th March 1891. Moreover, he had to spend much time in clerical work. Dinajpur was under two Deputy Inspectors during the yearBabus Giridhari Basu and Bhuvanesvar Gupta. Of these Babu Giridhari Basu travelled 8 days in Dinajpur and~143 in Bogra; Babu Bhuvanesvar Gupta travelled 139 days in Dinajpur and 10 in Bogra,. 'l'he low figure of Jalpaiguri is due to Babu Tarak Nath .Sen, who has since the close of the year retired under pressure within the period of extension granted to him. Mr. Bellett expresses himself well satisfied with the work of all the Deputy Inspectors, excPpt Babu Tarak Nath Sen. Babu Prabhat Chandra Sen, Deputy Inspector of Faridpur, retired from service on the 6th o£ April last, on attaimng the age of 55 years. The short tour of the Balasore Deputy Inspector is mainly due to the fact that Babu Bhagabati Chnran Sen, who occupied the post for upwards of six months, travelled much less than he should have done during the period, though, subsequently, he made up the deficiency by greater activity in travel· ling in the Puri district to which he was transferred. The officer who suc· ceeded him, Babu Hari Nath Chatterji, has shown sufficient outturn for the time he was in charge of the district. The two officers spent between thl'm 31 days in inspection at head-quarters .. 'l'he Deputy Inspector of Lohardaga and Palamau exceeded by far the minimum limit m the two districts under him.

The Deputy Inspector of Patna, Babu Bhagavim Prasad, heads the list with 248 days and 514 schools visited. Dr. Martin remarks that among the Deputy Inspoctors under him more life and vigour has been displayed than was heretofore the case. In addition to Babu Bhagavan Prasad of Patna, he mentions Babu Ram Prakash L1ll of Muzaffarpur and Babu Hari Das Banerji

COSTROLLTNQ J

AOBNCIKS ·

COn1'BOLLilfG

J.OIMOIEB,

REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR

of the Sontbal Par"'anas as having made themselves specially useful by sound and intelligent w~k. The average number of days spent on tour in the Presidency Division has increased from 165 to 168; the average number of visits to schools from 254 to 261, and that of miles travelled from 3,296 to 3 328, The average number of visits to secondary schools again shows a s{ight falling off .. In the Burdwan Division Babu Charu Chandra Chatterji holds the highest place with 202 days spent on tour out of head-quarters and 243 vi8its to schools. It is satisfact9ry to find that all the district Magistrates have recorded favourable opinions of the Deputy Inspectors of their respective districts. In Ori~sa, Puri, which was under three Deputy Inspectors during the year, occupies the foremost place, with 192 days on tour and 235 visits to schools. In Rajshahi, Babu Mahendra Nath Datta heads the list with 223 days in Pabna and 5 days in J alpaiguri. Mr. Bellett is not satisfied with the return of inspection of secondar,y schools from B.angpur, but considers the shortcoming sufficiently accounted for by the clerical work that the Deputy Inspector had to do for the Board. The two Deputy Inspectors of Backergunge travelled between them for 214 days and paid 558 visits to schools. Babu Ram Sundar Basak was on tour for 186 days and paid 501 visits; the corresponding figures for Bubu Sarada Kanta )3en ·being 28 and 57. In the Chittagong ·Division Babu Mohim Chandra Bose, who officiated for 62 days as Deputy Inspector of Chittagong and the Chittagong Hill Tracts, spent 60 days on tour and paid 120 visits. But it must be remembered that activity, though in itself commendable, is not the only test of merit in an inspecting officer. Babu Kumud Bandhu Bose, Deputy Inspector of Schools, Tippera, who spent only 150 days on tour, is highly spoken of by the District Magistrate and the Assistant Inspector. There seems to be a general consensus of opinion that the Deputy Inspectors are very much hampered in their work by the want of clerical assistance.

19. The following table shows the work done by Sub-Inspectors of Schools during 1891-92 :-

Number Days on of Sub- Number Schools

DISTBIOTS. Inspec. tour out. of schools under Rnu.a.uxa. tors of sido hend- visited. inspection. schools. quarters.

rurdwan I ... 6 1;126 J,EO:f 1,312

Bnnkuro. ... 4 820 2,082 1,465 Durdwan Division ~:;hum ... 8 6H 1,831 940

t no.pore ... 10 2,275 6,654 4,~H6 Hooghly ... 6 9:J2 1,ijH3 1,672

LHowrali ... 8 642 953 ?95

A vorago for tho Division, Sl officers I - ------... 207 459 336 --------

r4·Par!l"nas ... 8 1,853 4,201 1,8'l3 Pre.sidcnoy Divi- Nadia ... 6 !,26~ 2,651 782

• Tcssoro 6 ],176 2,183· fl!l9 8100 • . "' Xhulno.

... ... 4 847 1Ml 1,397 Murshidabnd ... 4 896 1,715 664

AYorngo for· tho Division, 28 officers --------... 215 4·19 204

Cnlouttll -------... ... ... . .. 1 191 299 ... -- ---------rDinnjpur ... 6 1,440 2,289 907

Rujshahi ... 8 64S 691 473 Rajahahi Divi- Rangpur ... 8 1,4~3 1,92.3 724

a ion. l Pnbna ... 4 ~23 1,655 68:1 Bo~rn. ... 2 374 7:Jil 344 Dnrjcolin~ ... 1 2/l 207 42 Jnlpaigur~ ... 2 454. ~Sl 305

Average for tho Division, 26 officers ------------... 208 312 129 ----· -------rnoen

... 6 1,12~ 2,460 5.901 Dacca Division... Fnridpnr ... 4 825 1,4Sl 1.617 Bnckcrgnngo ... 5 1,199 2.490 8.27~ Mymen>ingh ... 6 1,262 2,227 2.o~a

.cl.vorago for tho Division, 21 officers ---::-:- --2i0-412 -oi.s-j ·------


Number Days on of Sub. Number Srhools DraTniCTs. In spec- tour out. of schools under RBlU.BKS.

tOl's of side head- visited. inspection. schools. quarters.

{Cbittagong ... " 889 1.495 '

1,488

Chittagong Divi- ~ oakhali ... : s 626 1,042 2,621 sion 'Iappero. " 858 1,319 4,080

' Chittagong Hill Tracts ... 1 127 41 17 ---------

Average 'for tho Division. 12 officers ... 20R 82& 675 -------------(Pntna ... " 8-18 2,163 2,088

i"'" ... " 859 2.Q41 1,853

Shahabnd ... " 745 1,417 791 Patna Division ... Mu1.af£urpur ... " 7"6 1.2115 1,418

Da•hhanga ... 3 639 1,499 1.091 Saran ... 4 1,000 2,744 1,66J :

· Champnran ... 2 886 750 Oe4 I ---------Average for'theDJviaion, 25 officers ... 207 477 375 --- ------e ... ,.... - 4 865 ),624 1.21l4

Monghyr ... 8 625 ],536 1,3:4 llh~galpur Divi- PurnPo. .... 4 ' 694 1,067 713

810Do outhal Pargan- i 745 nna ... , 8 1,672 2.076 . Malda ... 2 409 029 879 ·------ --212' Average for the Division, '21 officers ... ' 203 814 --

fCuttock ... 5 981 2,169 4,192 Purl ... 2 476 1,1·39 1,846

Orissa Division... Do.lnsol'O ... 8 570 1,679 2,U4i I Orissa Tributary . l Mahala .. .' 5 1,829 1,075 1,341.

---· ---Average for t!to Division, 15 officers ... 220 890 623 ---------

'

{Hazarihngh ... s• 558 1.234 516 • Including education Lohardaga · ... .3 637 l,:J35 507 .clerk • Chota N agpur Palamnu · ... 1 I 236 3H2 117

Division. Mnnbhum ... 4t 675 1,123 636 t Ditto . Singhuhum ... 2 4i5 929 382

--- ----.A.vorngo for the Division, ·13 officers ... ' 198 : 883 166

The average number of days ~<pent by Sub-Inspectors on tour falls short of the prescribed minimum in Calcutta and in tho Chota N agpur Division. The Sub·Inspector of Calcutta. has to assist the Deputy Inspector in the preparation of annual reports and returns and the conduct of the various departmental examinations. In the Chota Nagpur Division two of the officers .reckoned as Sub-Inspectors were education clerks, and this brings down tho average. · .

J.n the Presidency Division Babu Urnes Chandra Basu, Board SubInspector of Hanaghat, heads the list with 262 days anu 447 visits to schools. 1'his .officer displayed the greatest activity last year also. In the Burdwan Division :Babu Gopinath Sen, Officiating Sub-Inspector of Egra in !Uidnapore, made the longest tour, viz., 259 days; but llabu Raruanath Ghose of Jhargram in· 111idnnpore paid 738 visits to schools in his tour of 257 days. 'The Sub-Inspector of Burdwan, Babu Braja llallubh lllitra., was on tour for 94 .days only. '!'his oflicer has been severely censured year after year for want •of activity. In Rujshahi Babu Janaki Nath Mazumdnr, Sub-Inspector of Pabna, has been the greatest number of days on tour, 277; Bubu 1\Iu.thura Nath Maitra of Dinaj pur has visi~ed the greatest number of schools, 425; and Babu .Raj Kumar Chakravarti in Jalpaiguri has travelled the greatE'~t number of miles, 3,711. l\lr. Bellett is of opinion that the number of visits paid to schools is:much less tlmn it should be. On tho average each school has been visited only 2·4 times by the Sub-Inspectors and their substitutes. The only officer who has -visited each school three times is Babu Kali Krishna Das of the Metapukar

CIONTROLLJNO

AOEHCIIBo


Circle in Rangpur. In the Dacca Divisi?n the largest nu;'!lber of visits to schools, viz., 613, was paid by- Habu Nil Kama_! .MukherJI, Sub-Inspector, Pirojpur. Hut the fact that this work was done m 265 da:ys would s~el?. to show that the inspection was not very thor~ugh. In the C?Ittagong DIVI~lO~ the largest number of visits to schools, viz., 454, was paid by Babu RaJSDl Kanta Chakravarti of Raozan Circle in Chittagong. But he left 205 schools utterly unvisited. Munshi Ahmedulla of Cox'.s _Bazar was. on tour the largest number of days viz., 283. Yet he left unvlSlted 14 primary schools. The work of Babu

1Bhagaban Chandra Mukherji of Tippera, who visited 210

lower primary schools in situ, is commended as very methodical, though he did not reach the standard of 200 days. The inspections of Babu Raj ani Kanta Sen of Hrahmanbaria in the Tippera district are said to have been very thorough.

The Inspector of Schools, Bihar Circle, selects as deserving of mflntion the following Sub-Inspectors of Schools :-Babu Mukund Lal of Darbhanga, Babu Harbans Sahay of Patna, Babu Balkrishna Das of Shahabad, Babu Bhairab Narayan of Saran, Babu Narayan La! of Gaya, Babu Radha Krishna Sarkhel of.Malda, Babu Giriwar Dhari La! of Hhagalpur, and Babu Jogeshwar Mukherji of the Sonthal Parganas, though he expresses himself as a little disappointed with the work of the last mentioned officer during tne year under report. In the Chota Nagpur Division, Babu Sib Sankar La! of Chaibassa is mentioned as the only Sub-Inspector who managed to visit all the schools under hitn, not only in the present year, but in the year preceding. This is the more creditable, as the country in which he has to travel is a difficult one. In Qrissa the largest number of days spent on inspection work, 240, is returned by Babu Padmanabh Misra of Khui·da; while Babu Ramanath Das of Balasore paid the largest number of visits to schools in sitrt, viz., 707. In the Orissa Tributary Mahals the prescribed number of 200 days on tour has been exceeded by all the officers.

20. The WOJ;k done by·the chief gurus and inspecting pandits is shown in the following statement :- ·

DIVISION. Number Number Average visits /i"id to of men of visits to schools by each c ief guru

employed. schools. or inspecting pandib. Presidency 176 26,127 .. 14.7 Calcutta ... 8 l,o68 354. Burdwo.n 309 66,996 18~ Rajshabi 45 18,821 307 Dacca 64. 88,905 607 Chittagong 86 18,859 624 Patna 74. 45,091 609 Bhol.ga~ur 93 24.666 266 Chota agpnr 27 6,991 259 Orissa · 81 46,872 672 Orissa Tributary :M;,j,als lS 2,026 156

Total 921 280,916 S06

. ~t ":as p~inted. out in last year's report that there are comparatively few distriCts m w_hich ch1ef ~urus have not b~en .replaced by inspecting pandits, and !he former huger only m half a dozen dtstriCts of the Presidency Division, and m Lohardaga and Maida. During the year under report the District Board of the 24-Pargan~s resolved to create three additional Sub-Inspectors on Rs. 30 with a fix~d tr9;volhng allowance of Rs. 20 a month, and to appoint eight inspecting handtts, v1z., four on Rs. 12 and four on Rs. 15 a month, with a fixed travelmg allowance of Rs. 5 a month, in piace of the chief gurus. The Presidency

Inspector remarks with great force that, if funds had permitted it would hav?. been better to have entertained the services of some w~ll-qualified additiOnal Sub-Inspecto~s, whose supervision of the primary schools would have bee!! ~ore effective than can be looked for from inspecting pandits. In the distriCts of Ho~rah,_ Bankur9;, and Bur~wan the chief ~uru system has been done away Wlth smce Apr1l last, inspecting pahdits taking. their place. :r~e Howrah D_istrict Boa~d has not ;et taken up the question of the ab?~1t10!1 of the chief gurus m favo11r o inspecting pandits, but the ruballlhty IS that the course adopted by the other District Boards will be

0 owed m Howrah also. The inspecting pandits appear to have done their

OF PUBLIC L"STRUCTION, 17

work well in all the districts in which they were employed. In Loharda(J'a there are now two·chief gurus, eight inspecting gurus, and op.e inspecting pand'it. The Assistant Inspector of Schools is of opinion that these chief and inspectin"' gurus, being men of inferior attainments, are not a cheap agency of inspec~ tion. In the report on education in the Bhagalpur Division it is rightly remarked that while the system of inspecting pandits is more efficient than that of chief gurus, it is necessary that great care should be exercised in the selection of t.hese officers. An inspecting pandit should be an adept both in Hindi and Urdu, otherwise he is apt to pay more attention to those schools where the lan"'ua(J'e taught is one in which he himself is proficient. 'l'here are no chief gu~us 'in Orissa, except one in Puri, who, in addition to the duty of teaching an upper primary school in his charge, has to look after 20 schools in an 011t-of-the-way tract, which is very difficult of access.

In Balasore the inspecting pandits were required to inspect cattle-pounds as well as schools.

21. DrsTRlOl' HoARDs.-The District Boards appointed under the Local Self-Government Act of 1885 have now been working for about six: years. During this time they have gradually learned to work in harmony with the Educational Department for the advancement of education. It is reported from the Presidency Division that the relations between the District Boards and the Deputy Inspectors have been perfectly cordial. Dr. Martin writes as follows:-

"Business has been conducted smoothly between my office and those of t4e District Boards. My advice has been generally sought for, and has, with rare exceptions, been followed."

Similar reports come from Chittagong and Orissa. In every district of Bhagalpur,. except Maida, where the Deputy Inspect<>r is not altogether satisfied with the procaedings of the District Board, relations seem to be satisfactory. No complaint comes from Dacca.

Under these circumstances it may seem almost invidious to point out that District Boards are occasionally guilty of unpunctua:Iity in submitting reports and statements and in making payments. The reports of the District

·Boards o£ Jessore and Khulna, due on the l~t of May, were not received till the 18th June. The quarterly statements of all payments for educational purposes during the year under report were not received from the 24-Pargaun~ and Jessore £or the 4th quarter, and from Khulna for the 3rd and 4th quarters,

The annual education report of the District Board o£ Tippera had not reached the office of the Assistant Inspector on the 31st May. 'rhe report of the District Board of Rangpur was not received on the 6th of June, though it was due on the 1st of May. Reminders were sent, but without eff<Jct. Similar delay occurred last year when the District Board's report was not received till the end of May. None of the annual education ~;eports of the District Boards of the Burdwan Division was received on the 1st of 1\fay, the date fixed by Government. The Hooghly and 'Howrah reports were received on the 26th.

· The Deputy Inspector of Bankura complains of the dilatoriness of the Hoard in the despatch o£ business. 'rhe grant-in-aid bills, for instance, have often been observed to have been "unnecessarily held in abeyance for months together, to the very great inconvenience of the poor teachers."

Mr. Bellett remarks tliat he has nothing to add to what he wrote last year on the workin.,. of District Hoards as an educational agency.

22. In last y~ar's report it was stated that the delegation of educational work to Local Hoards had boen attended with varying success. The experience o£ the year under report is to the same effect. With regard to the Local Boards of Jhenida and Narail, the Deputy Inspector of Jessore reports that full payments were made to some aided mi~dle schools, althoup-h they had made sh?rt payments for sevl)ral ·months. W1th regard to the Local Hoards of Nad1a, Mr. K. G. Gupta remarks:-

" 'l'he Chairman with one exception, and the Vice·Chairman without exception, o£ the Local Boards are non-official gentlemen, and they lack method and business habits, which may be learnt in Government offices."

In Birbhum the Deputy Inspector was not cons.nlted by the Ra~pur J~Iat Local Board in filling up a temporary vacancy 10 the post of mspectmg

D

CONfROLLISQ

MBNCI&:i.

CONTROLLING

AOBNOIBB,

18 REPORT OF . THE DIRECTOR

· nd't of the Rampur Hat Circle. There are five Local Boards in the h~jshahi Division, as sta,ted in las~ year's repor~. In Pabna there are two Local Boards. The control of .P''~mary educatr_on has been transferr~d to them. "Questions of general prmc1pl~ a~d sanctiOn of allotment for pnm~ry education are disposed of bJ: the D~stnct Board, the L.ocal . Boards se~mg that these principles and sanction are ~wen effe~t to. In d1sposmg of quest10ns in connection with primary education the v1ews of the Local Boards are ascertained and given due. consideratio_n.'' !h.e thr~e . L?cal Boards 9f the Rajshahi district control pnmary educat10il w1thm their hm1ts.

23. DISTRICT CoMMITTEEs.-District Committees still continue to exist in the Chota Nagpur Division, the Sonthal Parganas, Darjeeling, and the Chittagong Ilill Tracts. .

The District Committee of Manbhum met once m the year, and dis. cussed questions in ~onnection wit~ t~e zilla sc~ool. The District Committee of Hazaribagh met tw1ce, and the DistriCt Comm1ttee of Lohardaga and Palamau met once during the year. · Their deliberations had reference to the same theme. The District Committee of Singhbhum met twice and secured the sanction of a model school at Jagannathpur and an additional primary grant of Rs. 100. In the Sonthal Parganas the District Committee held four meetings during the year to discuss the discipline and finances of the zilla school and to consider the question of appointing a separate Deputy Inspector for Sonthal schools, to prepare the primary education budget, and to award the lower primary s«holarshiJ?s· '£he meetings were attended on an average .bv six members. The District Committee of Darjeeling met once during the year, and on this occasion six members were present.

III.-UNIVERSITY EDUCATION.

24. · During the year under report the number of colleges actually furnishing returns is 34, ~sin the previous year •. In aided colleges there is no change, but the Armeman College, Calcutta, whwh returned no students last year, has this ye~r b~en excluded from ~he list. Similarly, the Doveton College, the Doveton lnst1tutwn for Young Ladies, and the Roberts' Memorial College have been .exc~ud~d from th~ list of unaided coll_eges. The college department of these mstrtut10ns contamed no students m the previous year. Sir A. Croft stated that the Principal of the Roberts' Memorial College proposed to renew the college classes during the present year, but it now appears that the college has been closed. The following table shows the comparative strength of these institutions on the 31st March during the last five years:-

CoLL'BoBs-GBNBBA.L.

GovBnNMENT-(11)-Firae grade O<Jllege•

Prcsidcncy College ... Hooghly , ... Dacca ,, Xrishna~ar u

" ... llnjshobi Pntna Ral"enshaw :: c~itaok . . .. Bethune School (College classes) ...

Second grade Col/egesSnushit College ... Calcutta Mndrassa .. Chittngong College : ..

Total

MUNJCIPAL-(1)-. Midunporo Collego ...

NuMBER oN THB :RoLLS AT THB :BND OJ'

Monthly • TBB YBAB.

fee. 1888. 11889. 11890. 11891. 11893.

Rs.

12 6 6 6 s 6

" 3

6 2 3

6

333 166 250

70 110 270 60 6

60 23 45

1,383

899 167 280 86 89

814 71 8

89 26 66

1,678

66

423 479 123 166 270 305 83 94 79 89

231 228 64 77 13 16

89 90 27 39 41 S4o

1,438 _1,806

85 60

428 171 313 101 .96

252 87 20

1,622

46

• Including 32 studon\s t.n tho &nskrit titlo class and 8 atudenta in tho Vedio class oponed In February l899.

OF PUBLIC INSTRUtTION. 19

NuHBER ON THE RoLLs AT THB BND op

CoLLBGBs-GBNBBAL. Monthly THB YBAB.

fee.

I I I 1888. 1889. 1890. 1891. I 1892.

AIDBD-{7)- Rs. Genernl Assembly'• Institution ... ... 6 416 s.J8 829 853 sst Free Church Institution and Duff College ... 5 203 243 167 SOl 319 St. Xavier's College ... ••• ... 6 189 220 236 921 197 London Mi•oion Colle~e, Bhawlinir,ur ... 6 83 42 74 65 78 St. Paul's School, Darjeeling (Col ego classes) 13 6 12 19 12 16 N arail Victoria College ... ... 3 22 S7 H 62 66 Uttarpara College ... ... ... 4o 29 61 52 64o 51 ------Total ... ... 946 96g 920 1,178 1,097

UNAIDBD-(15)-Metropolitan Institution ... ... 3 837 862 706 689 60R City College ... ... ... 3 269 290 317 927 454 La :llartiniere, Calcutta (for boys) ... Free 6 6 6· 20 s Albert College ... ... ... 3 111 148 188 1!6 81 Ripon ,. ... ... ... 3 274 430 626 457 447 Maharajah's College, Burdwan ... ... Free 223 248 190 220 229 J agannath College, Dacca ... ... 3 245 946 219 173 265 :Berhampore College ... . .• ... 3 64 113 116 lOS 91 Bishop's Colle~e, Calcutta ... ... 15• 10 14 ... t 10 II Tej Narain Jubilee College, Bhagalpnr ... 5 17 46 49 62 80 Ban5:basi College .... ... ... 3 59 66 47 65 85 Rajc andra College, Barisa! ... ... 3 ... ... 27 4' us Brajamohnn Institution, Baris8.1 .•• ... 3 ... ... 61 70 8S Bihlir National College, Bankipore ... 8 ... ... 25 33 51 La .Martiniere, Calcutta (for girls) ... Free ... ... 3 4 4 --- - ----

Total ... ... 2,099 2,568 2,478 2,398 2,460 ---- --GRAND TOTAL ... ... 4,470 .5,155 4,866 5,232 5,226

• Including board and lodgin~. t Furnished no l'tituma, o.nd therefore e:r.oluded from General Table Ill.

25. The small decrease in the total number of students calls for no remark. In Government colleges there is an increase of 16 students. In the Presidency CoUege there is a decrease of 51 students, in the Sanskrit College of 15, and in the· Chittagong CollPge of 3. The other Government colleges show an increase. The falling off in the Presidency College is merely nominal, as the monthly roll nu.mber increased from 486 to 488. The increase from 15 to 20 in the Bethune College is worthy of notice, as showing that the cause of the higher education of females is making steady progress. In aided colleges there is a decrease of 81 students. The' General Assembly's Institution shows an increase of 28 students. The Duff College and Free Church Institution still continues to advance, having this year gained 18 students Last year it almost dottbled its numbers. St. Xavier's College shows a falling off of 124 students. The London Mission College, Bhawanipur, and St. Paul's School, Darjeeling, have made a slight advance; but there is a slight falling off in the Narail Victoria College and the Uttarpara College. The Midnapore College, whi.ch is kept up by the municipality, shows this year a decline of 4 students. In unaided colleges there is an increase of 59 students. The Metropolitan Institution still heads the list of unaided colleges, and indeed,· of all colleges. The Presidency College, it may be observed, is inferior in numerical strength to three of the Calcutta unaided colleges-the Metropolitan, the City, and the Ripon. But there is again a decline in the numbers of the Metropolitan Institution: this time of 181 students. The City College has gained 127 students and the Jagannath .College, Dacca, 92 students. The large advance in the numbers ofthe J agannath College does not seem to have been made at the expense of the Dacca Government College, as there is an increase of 8 students hi the latter institution. It seems to point to an increasing demand for collegiate instruction in Eastern Bengal. The Ripon College has lost ten students, while the Albert College and the Berhampore College have suffered more heavily; La Martiniere for Girls continues stationary; all the other unaided colleO'es have gained. The Tej Narain College still continues to prosper, havi~g gained 18 students. The Bihar National College has also gained

D 2

UNIVERSITY

BDUt'ATION,

Ul'fiVERSJTT

EDUOATION,


18 students in spite of an advance of 24 students in the Patna Govemment College. Both the Barisal Colleges have gained. an accession of students, so that their "healthy rivalry" seems beneficial to the cause of education in that neighbourhood. ·

26. The following table compares the total number of college students on the 31st December 1891 with that on ·the 31st March 1892 :-

. -READING FOR I READING FOB I READING FOR I ToTAL.

F.A.- B.A.-:- M.A.-

Cuss OP lNSTirUTION. On Slst On Slst On 31st On 31st On S!st On 31st On Sist On Slst December Mnroh December Mareh December March December March

. 1891. 1892 • 1891. 1892. 1891, 1892. 1891. 1892.

Government ... ... 1,168 1,015 640 543 62 24 1,870 1,682 Aided* ... ... 761 664 499 469 20 10 1,280 1,143 Unaided ... 2,II4o 1,900 616 537 23 23 2,752 2,:460

-- .... Total . ... 4,043 3,679 1,754 1,549 105 67 6,902 5,186

• Including municipal.

27. Last year there was a difference .of much the same amount between the strength of colleges on these two dates. Sir Alfred Croft pointed out in last year's re-port that many students· who have failed· at the F.A. or the B.A. examination of the previous year, and ·who are required by the regulations of the University to read for a further period of six month~, remove their names in January or February when that condition is satisfied. It. may also be remarked that many students complete in January or February the prescribed period of six months' reading for the M.A. examination, which entitles them to be sent up as students of a college. The former cause is, of course far the more important. The operation of these causes is shown in detaii in the following table :-

RB.\DINO l!'OB FIBBl' .!.RTS, I READING FOR B.A. DEGRBE.

I READING PORI M.A. DEGREE, TorAL.

N .WEB OP COLLEOB9.

First-year I Second-year clm;S, CltiSII, I Third-year j Fourth.year

claas. olasa.

Preaidcnoy College ... ... 126 1215 189 118 86 82 124 8'1 156 16 GSl 428 llooKhl¥ ,. ... ... 159 61 70 48 33 83 49 28 1 1 218 1'11 D(l('co. n ... ... 85 78 105 100 67 67 77 '14 2 4 326 SIS

If.:Ji:l~:;:rr ~ ::: ::: .~, •••• 1!3 g ~~ n ~~ ~: ::: ::: ~~r 1~~ Pntna , .. ... 19 77 43 S9 67 46 &venabaw , Cuttnck ... 29 42 63 ... ... 820 2li2 JJotbune Bobooi (college depart. "' 8 "' 19 24 ... ... 98 87

ment.) ... ... ... ... · 6 6 7 '1 4 4 3 3 Snn&krtt. ColleA"O ... ... ... 13 13 13 1o ~ 20 21 Calouttn Mndrossn ••• ... · 33 ss S7 16 t 4 6 G 3 8 ss• S6t Chitta.goug College ••. ... 16 liS 29 16 ... "' ... "' ... ... :g ;;.

Muni~ofptd

Mldnaporo College

Total ... ~ t47 648 ~ ~7 ~~~ ~~ ~~2 ~ -.::;;-~ l,;2t

... ... .. -2..~~- - - .. -. -,---:- 46

1 Assembly'alnatltution 92 Ohurcb Institution and

. c·olleJC·e: BhawAnlpnr ... ...

.. 60

28

81 1715 144

46 40

2ll

78 61

<I

71 61

83

42

88 16

7 Bt. Paul'11 Sobool, DarjeeliQ8 (colleao dt'pnrtment) 8 8 15 3 s

~:~~~~~in!:ollege••• :,:,:. 1,.1 10 87 31\ 4 "t''" Bll Sf 20 ...

... 2mux~ran . ISIS

- ----4S 124. 106 '

1 15

4 437 881

66 ,. 8

144 71

1S

135. 68

15

1 5

812 ... ••

819 197

78

g 1 1 ... ... " 15 8 7 ...... 60&6

"' "' ... ... ... 156 Gl

'137 SOl ~2 20 10 1,2i3 ').097

• ~1clus~ve or 2D non.matrtculnted student& of t.he Sanakrtt title class t b:xclwnve of~ non-matriculated 11tudent.s of the Sunskrit title clasS and 8 students attendin' the Vedic class.


REA.DllfG PoB FIBSl' ARTS. 1 BB.u>INO FOR s.A. DEGRIIB.I n~~~~ .. c:.~.l Tour..

N.&.liiBS CIP COLLEGES,

First-year I clnss.

llotropolifnn Institution ... 16' Hi5 280 208 Unaid.,d I I I

Citv Coll('IS6 ... .•. ... 93 I lu6 109 ltiS La Mnrtinu.'lro for boys (colleKO

tl~~tt~ie~~ ::: ::: ::: (D:~rs,not~~venl in :~o rletuJ~.) 111nhnrajnh'1s Coll6ifebBU'i-d wn'D' 98 &7 HS H2 .lago.nnath Collmre, n.cca ... 88 85 188 180 Hl'tho.mpore Collef!e ••• ••• 31 so 37 33 Bishop's College, Calcutta ••• (Details notgl,enin tho returns.) To Narain Jubilco Colloflio,

n",:cO'' ::: ::: ColiOA'O, Bnrisil.l •••

Institution, Bari. sfl. ••• .•• • ••• • ..

Bihar National College, Ba.nkl· pore ... ... ... . ..

2I .. 26

<O.

'Ss 20

88 8S 37 ..

69 .. .. 88

Third.ycnr clfl89,

•• .. li

• '"o

•• ...

I Fourth•yoar . .....

lSI 116

I23

17

7

s

80 uu

ils

··is

7 '"s

" 7

1

" 7 6'!8 ... • ,.,

·~10 2 .. 6 .,.

07 11

"' 88

" o•

808 ... • 81 .. ,

2:!1.1 ,.., "' 11 .. ., "" 88

La Mo.rtini~re for Girls (College 01

3 " • ... 1 "'s ... ... ... ... ... . .. 9I • " • ----------~------ ·--809 68ol 1,1!{1;5 1,200 218 21.9 397 so...s 23 23 2,762

Department), · Total ••• 2,<60 ---------------------

GRAND TOTAL ... l,OU 1,376 2,413 2,100 010 687 1,144 00:1 106 67 ll,oo=• 6,166t.

• Es:clt1s1VO of 29 non-mu.tr•culntcd stndents of tho Snnskrit titlo clo.sa. t Exclusive of 32 non-mo.tricula.tcd students of 'he S!Ulllkrit title elo.ss and 8 students u.ttending the Vedic ola.sa,

It will be observed that of the 62 students reading for the M.A. degree in Government colleges on the 31st December Hf91, 56 were reading in the Presidency College. Of the 20 students reading in aided colleges on the same date, 4 were reading in the General Assembly's College, 1 in the Free Church Institution, and 15 in St. Xavier's College. Of the 23 students in unaided-colleges, 15 were reading in· the Melropolitan Institution, 7 in the City College, and 1 in the Berhampore Colle~;"e. The Presidency College therefore bears more than half the burden of the highest education in Bengal.

28. The following statement shows the expenditure in l}overnruent, aided, and unaided institutions from all sources. The average yearly cost of each student is calculated on the' average monthly roll number:-

-~ ~ .,; o.el i___:::R •nUloi O> UCII ~., • EXPBNDITURB IN 1891-92-

~ STUDBKT-

.s• "' _g~ :! From public funds. From private funds, ~g • i COLLBGEs-GBNBn.&.L, -s_,!il a Prom Prom . -~ .: Distri(lt Endow· Total. public priva.t.4) Total •

~e-e ~] • Provin- menta ~~ or muni- fun dB. fundi.

E~ . oiu.l cip11l Fees. and a •• revenues . othe.-

i~~ •• funds. . !;" •• sourcet. ..

Govwnment- 118. Bs. Rs. Ro. ""· Ra. Jo, P. Ro ••• ··' Ra.Jo. p, Pre.!lidency College ... 428 488 290 1,08,{168 . .. 69,122 ... 1,'18,000 22S • 9 14110 s SIU 16 9 BooKhly .. . .. 171 2US 180 31,916 ... 14,967 .. . 46,8 .. S 107 3 6 7311 8 ~30 1~ • Dace& .. ... SIS S37 soo 1M,206 ... 25,807 'i;ssl f4,10i o• • 7 76 9 s 130 13 10 Kriahnagar .. . .. IOI IOO 62 12,700 ... 6,242 19;.1!76 I27 0 0 .., 12 2 102 u • Pu.tna. .. cUi~

... 200 268 :!41,827 ... 22,007 ... ... .... I2U 1 6 70 011 lDd • • Ra.vensho.w .. tack ... . .. ... 87 OI 8I lf,4112 .. . 4,880 1,316 20,6.,7 1!18 11 • 68 1 • 2261S 8

R"isho.hi Oollego ... ... "'" •• 8,320 ... 4,2119 10,033 23,614 .. • • , .. • IO 106 13 • Bo hune School (col-

20 4,794 744 ... 8 6 80 • 6 !Ill 7 6 lege dapartmAnt) ... I9 " ... ... 3,638 Sanskrit College ... 70 6' .. 21,2211 . .. 1,147 .. . 2ll.Sil7 S12 011 16 13 10 328 14 II Co.lcutta. M!Wra."80o ... .. .. •• 8,238 ... 1, ... ... O,tl2.t. 14912 6 .. 3 • 174 Ui 8 Cbitttijllong Collog~ ... Sl 01 .. .. I .. ... 1,016 .. 3,8'21 IOO 0 9 tl "" 41 16 7 --------------- .

Total ... 1,622 1,812 1,~68 S,67 ,&15 . .. 1,61,177 13,7U. 4.32,738 147 13 Ol 00 16 Jli 2S8 13 0

Municipal-118 s 11 Midnapore College ... .. 87 .. .. . • 78 2.'147 8,993 0,818 1 010 110 • • - - -- ------------- - --.A.id~d-

Genera.\ As.!lombJy's 8,000 17,14.7 23,156 ...... I3 9 • 85 11 • IOO • • Institution ... ... 38I ~ 372 ...

Pree Church ln,.tl-tutlon aud Dutt

7,200 14,9116 13,784 S.'S,OOO 22 • 7 118 IS 8 111 2 • College ... ... 310 3\!S 289 .. . St. X& vier's Co\ltg& ... 107 I78 "' 4,200 ... 13,6U1 16,'139 SS,630 •• 0 0 168 • 8 102 • • London ?.liflsion College,

78 8I 3,000 3,006 9,S8'1 10,SSS 37 0 7 I68 8 • ... • I Bbo.wtmipnr ... 62 ... St. Po.nl's School, Dar.

jeeling (college de-18 " n 1,800 l,ASO 3,880 8,760 180 0 0 61S 8 • ... , 8 • partment)_ ... • .. ...

N araU VictOria. College 116 .. S6 1,852 ... 1.000 2,495 6,4.17 .. • • .. • • 100 10 11 tJUarparo. Collego ... 01 08 40 ... ... 2,1178 11,612 8, .... 013 6 .. 0 8 IOO 7 2 -- - -- ---------- --- - -Toto. I ... I,097 t,H6 9!41 24,391 ... ...... 72,902 1,52,238 n tlO 111 10 6 132 16 • --

• Government grant not rcccnved during the 1eu.

UNIYERStTT

BDVC.t.TJON.

11NIVBRBITT

.OtJCATIONo

22 .


==~ ~ c EXPBNDITURB IN 1891·92-COST PBR ANNUli Oi' BACB

·~ ~ STUD EN 'I'-~~ •• .!> • -.o _g~ :: .!> From public funds • From private fund!!. 0 i~cN 0 ·;;

COLLBGBI-GBNBBAL, a "' Endow-From Prom

"0.!!! District Fees. ~ublio privnte Total. < Provlu- monts unds. funds. t£-g l~ ~~ cial ormuni- Fees. nnd -" . cipa.l other a•• •• ~~

revt~nucs • funds. sources. ~=::.~ !;"

Unatd~d- n..,&.JR··jn.. I Ba. Rs. A.. P. Its. A. p, Rs. A. P.

Metropolitan Inetltu- 2() 225 11,626 31,7.51 ... 01 7 • 61 7 • tion 008 617 ... ... • 50 4162 16,7o:! ... sa 0 8 88 0 8 City Co liP~ ::: ::: ... """ 3(13

•••(Money returns no~2i~rnisbed.) La Mnrtimoro for boys 3 3 3 2,0fl0 ... M 1 6 M 1 6 Albert College ... ... 61 83 •• ... ... 2,000

2;192 13,673 31 • 1 31 • 1 Ripon , "' "' .. , 436 307 ... ... ll,SSI ... Mahamjab'a Collego,

229 23U 146 6,929 6,929 ... 28 lei tO 28 liS 10 Burdwnn ... . •• ... ... .. .

J~anna.th College, 186 6,295 1,0941 9,389 ... rf7 1 0 37 1 • Do.ce& ... ... ... 2M ... ... ...

2,000 12,3~3 14,923 ... 149 s 8 149 3 8 Berhl\mporo Collego ... 01 100 03 ... .. . Bi8hop'a College, Cal-

11 11 11 (Money returns not flll'Ilished,) cotta ... ... . .. Te6 Narayrm Jubilee

80 74 66 3,220 2,5641 6,784 ... 78 • 7 78 2 7 oOAgfl, JJhll.gnlpur. ... ... 1,0'2.8 200 1,888 2010 7 20 13 7 BllnlfllbtLSi Ccli<'KO ... " 90 " ... ... ...

R~chnndra College, 03 67 .. DOS 8,412 . 4,320 ... 71!1 12 7 75 12 7 HariaO.I ... ... ... ..

BrajnmohAn Instita-8S 89 .. 1,301 2,674 8,875 ... <13 8 7 <13 8 7 tion, Bntisll.l ... ... ... ..

Bih6.r Nationo.l Ooltogo, 7• 60 2,528 760 3,278 ... .. • 9 .. • 9 Blltlklporo .•• • .. 61 ... ...

450 000 112 s n 112 8 0 225 0 6 La Mlll'tini(lro for glrls 4 4. • 450 ... ... -----------· ----- -------- 1,15,312 o s· o 44 12 2 4-i llS 0 Total ........ t··"' l,M6 ••• 66,636 48.2~6 --------------GJU.lt'D ToTAL ... 5,225 IS,GSS 3,951 2,92,686 78 2,75,1505 1,38,835 7,07,104 52 7 IS I 74 4 o i 12611 6

The total expenditure upon collegiate education bas increased during the year from Rs. 6,62,377 to Rs. 7,07,104; the expenditure from I_'rovincial revenues has risen from R'S. 2,69,850 to Rs. 2,92,686, the fee-receipts from Rs. 2,61,308 to Rs. 2,75,505, and the receipts from endowments and other sources from Rs. 1,31,219 toRs. 1,38,835.

In Government colleges the total cost has risen from Rs. 4,00,726 to Rs. 4,32, 736; the expenditure from. Provincial revenues has risen from Rs. 2,43,757 to Rs. 2,67,845; while the receipts from fees and other sources have increased from Rs. 1,56,969 to Rs. 1,64,891.

A considerable increase in Provincial expenditure has taken place in the Presidency College, the total cost to Government having risen from Rs. 79,836 to Rs. 1,08,968, in spite of a slight increase in fees from Rs. 68,839 to Rs. 69,122. This is to be accounted for principally by an increase in the costliness of the professorial staff, owing to shifting of officers. The staff . was greatly reduced towards the close of the year. On the other hand, the cost to Government has decreased in the Hooghly, Dacca, Ravenshaw, and Sanskrit Colleges. The reduction is due to increased fees in the case of the Dacca College, and to the fact that there were only two European Professors in the College during the greater part of the year. The reduction in the Ravenshaw College, Cuttack, is due to the increase in fee-receipts and the removal of the Assistant Professor and three lecturers and· the appointment of their successors on less pay. The reduction in the Hooghly College seems to be due to increased fees, and that in the Sanskrit College to the absence of the Principal on deputation for two months. The increase in the expenditure of the Rajsbahi College is chiefly owing to the return of Babu Nilkantha Mazum· dar from the Presidency College. The increase in the Krishnagar College, in spite of increased fees, is due to a reduction in the income of the endowment funds. The expenditure from Provincial revenues in the Patna College is practically ~tationary, while fee-receipts have increased. The Principal remarks that add1t10nal temporary expenses were thrown on the College owing to the tempor~ry !l'ttachment of Mr. Hill to it. The large increase in the Govern· ment contributiOn towards the Chittagong College is to be accounted for by the higher pay of t~e presen~ Head Master, who was transferred from the Ravenshaw 9ollege. The mcrease m the Government expenditure of the Calcutta Madrassa lB, no . doubt, d?e to the return of the Principal from furlough. In this connex10n I desue to call attention to· Sir Alfred Croft's remarks in last year's report.

The monthly roll number has increased in all Government colleges, except the Sanskrit and Chittao-ong Colleges. The increase in the Presidency College is very slight, from 48'6 to 488. ·

OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION, 23

During the year under report the cost of each student to Government has in!}reased in Government colleges from Rs. 140-15 to Rs. 147·13. A large increase has taken place in the Presidency College. This is, no doubt, due to the greater costliness of the professorial staff. . There has been an increase also in the Sanskrit College and the Chittagong College. The increase in the Sanskrit College may be accounted for by the decrease in the monthly roll number, and that in the Chittagong College by the fact that a Head Master on a higher salary has been appointed. In the 1\Iadrassa the cost is about the same as last year. There is a slight increase in the Rajshahi College. In other colleges there is a decrease. In Dacca the cost has fallen to Rs. 54-4-7, the lowest figure, I believe, yet reached in any B.A. college. In aided colleges the cost to Government of educating each student has risen from Rs; 21-0-9 toRs. 21-4-10, and the total cost from Rs. 1:31-7-1 to Rs. 132-15-4. The cost per annum of collegiate instruction generally has decreased from Rs. 128-10-3 toRs. 126-11-6.

29. The following table shows the results of the First Arts examination held in _February 1892 :-

CoLLBGBB.

Government-

Presidency College Hooghly ., Dacca , Krishnagar , Patno. , Ravcnshaw ,. Cuttack Rajshahi ,. ... •.. . .. llethune School (college department) Sanskrit College Calcutta Madrassa Chittngong College

Municipal

Midnapore College

.dicled-

Total

Genernl Assembly's Institution Free Church Institution and Duff

Colle!!• · ... St. Xaner's College ... ... . ... London Mission College, BhawBmpur N arail Victoria College St. Paul's School, Darjeeling "(~olleg~·

department) ••• Utterpara College Loretto Honse, Calcutta

Total

Unaided-

. Metropolitan Institution City College ... Bipon , Albert ,. Bishop's , Berhampore , MaharaJah's ,. l!urdwan . J a15annath , Dacca ... .., TcJ Narayan Jubilee College,llbagalpur l!angabasi College ,.. .. . Rajchandra ,. . ~ans8.1 . .. . Brajamohan lnshtuhon, 1Jan~O.l l!ih&r National College, llnnkipore ... La lllartinierofor girls (college. depart-

ment.) St. Mary's Institution, Chandemagore

Total

Teachers

GuAND T~TAL

PASSED IN TIIB-r-------A- ~

Candidates First Second Third examined. division. division. division.

136 55

112 "~ 114 42 63 6

16 24 22

621

41

144

71 45 34 26

6 36 I

360

250 I68 170 59 11 ss

118 ISS 45 6~ M 43 58

1

" I,224

64'

2.310

14 s 2 l 2 1 1 2 1

27

I 3

2 2

1 2 2

• 1

2

1

I7

17 12 17 4

I6 6 8 1 1 3 7

91

6

I6

3 5

4

2 s

33

16 4

10 2

1 I2 2 5

" 8 IO 9

1

84

21S

61 20 29 I1 37 IS 22 1 6 9 9

214

18

42

14 19 IS 9

1 6 1

Il),t,

72 43 416 20 7

a 68 48 22 14 a 26 20

: S98

I2

746

Total passed.

82 36 48 as 64 20 31

4 8

12 I6

332

68

17 24 19 IS

" 11 I

I41

90 49 66 ~~~ 8

17 61 64 28 18 22 88 29

2

499

12

1,011

UNI\.BRSITT

KDUt'.A.TlOMo

UlflYEMlTY

EDUCATION,


The percentage of passed candidates has risen from 36 per ceii:t. to 43·7. The number of candidates tha.t presented th~mselves was ~,3,10, ag~mst 1,929 in the previous year. This 1s to be explamed on the prm~iple laid down by

· Sir A. Croft in last year's repqrt. In 1889 only 1,475 candidates pass~d the Entrance Examinatwn whereas in 1890 there were 2,642 successful candidates.

. In Go.vernment c~lleges the percentage of successful ca~didates was 53, in aided colleges 39, and in :unaided c?lleges 40. The Presidency, Hooghly, Krishnagar, Rajshahi, Sanskrit and Chittagong Colleges passed more than half their candidates. The Maru·assa passed exactly half. The Bethune College passed two-thirds. Among aided colleges, St. Xavier's College and the Narail Victoria College passed more than half their candidates; St. Paul's, Darjeeling, passed 4 out of 5. Loretto House, C~lc~tta, sent in one candidate, w~o passed. Among unaided colleges .the Mahar~Jah s College, Burdwa~, the TeJ Naray~n Jubilee College, BMgalpur, the RaJchandra College, Baris:H, and the BraJamohan Institution, Barisal, passed more than half their candidates. The Bihar National College, Bankipore, and St. Mary's Institution, Chandernagore, passed

· exactly half. Bishop's College passed 8 out of 11~ The Municipal College, Midnapore, passed 27 candidates out of 41, against 8 out of 25 in the previous

year.The highest total of successful candidates is attained by the Metropolitah Institution, which passed 90 candidates. Next comes the Presidency College with 82. 'l'hen comes the Maharajah's College, Burdwan. This institution seems to have done remarkably well. 'l'he General Assembly's Institution stands first among aided colleges as regards the number of successful students. Perhaps the most successful of all the colleges on the whole 'is the Brajamohnn Institution, Barisal, which passed 38 candidates out of 43, 2 in the first division. The Rajchandra College passed 22 candidates out of 34.

Out of the 27 candidates in· the first division from Government colleges, 14 belong to the Presidency College. The Midnapore College and the Jagan-nath College, Dacca, bad each 4 in the first division. .

30. 'l'he most fatal subject in the last F.A. Examination was mathematics; EJ?-glis~ and history come next. Even in the Presidency College 26 students failed m mathematics. In the· Brajamohan College only 1 failed in that subject out of 43! and not a single candidate failed in English. In the Rajchandra College, Barisal, only 3 candidates failed in En&'_lish, while 14 failed in mathematics, an.d th~ same numb.er in secon~ langu!lge. ln St. Xavier's College 12 students failed m mathematics and 14 m Enghsh. In the Bethune College all the candidll:tes ~assed il!- Engli~h. In the Maharajah's College, Burdwan, only 7 students failed m Enghsh, while 31 were unsuccessful in mathematics.

. 31. The following table shows the distribution of the 52 senior scholarships. The two special scholarships for girls were gained this year also by the Bethune College:- ·

CoLLBOBs.

GovernmentPresidency College Hoogh!y ,. Dacca ,. Krishnago.r , Patna ,. Ravenshaw ., (Cuttack) Unjshahi , .-.. ::: llothune School (college department)

· Sanskrit College

Total

MrmicipalMiduapore College .

.d.ided-

St. PaUl's Scbo.ol, Darjceling (college deP.artmont) ,., ...

N orall V1ctoria College U ltarpara College ... ....

Total

First P."rade, Second A:l'ade, lls. 25 Rs. 20

a month. a month.

3 I

... I

...... I

1

20

8

1 1 2

4

• Spec1al scholarshiPS tor g1rls.

Total.

9 3 2 1 5 2 ~ I 1

27

3

1 I 8

6

OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.

CoLLEGEs.

Unaidcd-

l\fetropolitan Institution City College Burdwan Raj College ... J agannath Colloge, Dacca Berhamporo , ... . .. Bishop's , ... ... 1'ej N arnyan Jubilee College, Bhl\gal-

pur •.. · ... Brajamohan Institution, Bnrislll ... Dihur National College, B1111kipore

Total

GnAND ToTAL

First grade, Second grade, Rs. 26 Us. 20 Total.

a month. a month. . . 2 2 2 2

1 1 2 1 3 4

2 2 1 1

I 1 2 2 J 1

s u 17

11 41 62

25

The number of scholars~ips gained by Government colleges has de.creu~otl from 38 to 27. The Presidency College has secured only· 9, ugrunst 11 carried off last year. The aided colleges have gained 5, against 4 last year, and the unaided colleges 17, against 10 last year. The ll!idnapore College, which lust year obtained no. scholarships, has in the present year gained 3. of the second grade. · · .

The Government colleges seem to be losing ground in the F;A. examination generally, but this year, as last, 7 out of the 11 first grade scholarships have fallen to them. The Jagannath College, Dacca, hns gained a larger

·number of scholarships than any college except the Presidency College and the Patna College. This speaks well for the quality 0£ the teaching in that institution.

32. The following table shows the colleges in which the scholars have elected to read for the B.A. degree :'-

CoLLEGEs. First grade, Second grade,

Rs. 25 Ils. 20 Total,

· GovM"nmont-

Prcsidenoy College ... Hooghly , Dacca , Patna , Rajshahi ., ... .. . Ilavenshaw 'l Cuttnck .. . Bethune Schoo (college dep"rtment) Sanskrit College Medical ,

Total

Aide~

Free Church Institution and Duff College '

St. Xavier's College ... • .. t>t. Paul's School, Dltrjceling (college

department) ... • N nrail Victoria College

Total

Unaided-

Jifetropo!itan Institution City College .. . Borhampore College .. .

Totnl

0-nAND ToTAL

a month, a month.

8 1

1

1*

11

1l

16 2 2 5 1 2 ... 1 1*

30

1 ll

1 f

5

2 s 1

6

41

• Spooin.l schola ahlpa ror Ri,rls.

:1~ s 2 6 I 2 I

·~ 41

1 2

1 I

6

2 s 1

6'

It will be observed that 41 have elected to hold their scholarships in Government colleges, against 43 in the previous year. Twenty-four scholarl:! have chosen the Presidency College, against 25 in 1891.

B

U~IYEHSITY

EUUCATJll~.

UNl\'BRSITY

EDUCATION.

26 REPORT OF THE DmECTOR

Of the 52 s~nior scholars, 22 have chosen the A or literarY: course, and .29 B S · rse wh1'le one holdinoo one of the two specml scho. larsh1ps the or CJence cou , • o f f h b · 1 h · · d the 1\fedical College. The usual pre erence o t e est for grr s, fJ.S JOllle · ':f d 't If

t d ts for tbe Science course has agam mam este 1 se · s u e;3; The following table shows the B.A. results of 1892 :- ·

A counss. I . B CotrnSB, I ~

~ 1;; "' ~ 1 . c t ~ ~ N -~

~ COLLBOB8o ~ ~ ~·~ r:·g t§ ·• ·• .. fo fo "' s:~ :!! g:i!;i ~:~ ~ s "' S:f!l g:a

i s "' g.~ I "li • C> ~ ~~ o·- =:a ?. Ill"' • Ill"'

0 • ="' " " = .. " 00V6Mamctlt"'T

tr:~i~~oy Co~~og~ ::: :~ ::: 1: (a) tg8· ~ ~ 2(c) 1~ (c) . 1~ 3~ 1~g 2

Krishnngnr u '" ~; ··· : 7 1~ 7 :~ 2 '1 ~ M; 1

·~:r: :.:. cu:i: 66 1 6 <b> 10 10 10 ... i" s " ao . 1 Ravonsbo.w 3 3 7 ,., ,., 4 oi 19 ...

tack ... '" 12

... '" 3 3 7 ... ... 3 S 20 ...

TorAL,

"' c N

·o ~0 =·-g·~ c·-Ill"'

so 8 3 8 6

gi 0:

32 11 3 8

18

7 6

.,; ~ . !!.

~ .. •• ,.

7 11 •• 7 G &jshmhi College ... 18 '" "'

n..,thuno 8ohool (college 3 1 1 ... ... s ... ... 1 1 dopo.rtmcnt) ... ... ... '" _ ... ... . ..

I -:::::-3UO 1 26 1

61 77 91 8 20 80 hS 3D6 4 46 81 1~U Toto. ...

.didfld-

Goncrnl Assembly's 03 Institution ... ... "'

Froo Church lnstitu· 1,,

tlon nnd UufJ Collogc ... St. Xn.vier'a Collogo ,, :18 ... London Mission Col·

logo, Bhn.wnntpur ... 16 ... St. Pnnl's School, Dar.

2

1 1

11

so • 3

13 13 1

8~ "2o "ii 3 •..

100 s I· 13o ·a as

s

18

81 ,. 8

jeoling (college do· 1 ... ... pnrtmont) ... ... 1 ... • "' "'1 "'1 '" '" "' '" "' 7 '"1 "'1 Nnrnil Victoriu Collcgo '1 ... ... ___ ._ .. _ ... ... ... _ ..• _ __ ••• _ .• _. ____ _

:!8{1 4 ~Go M 33 1 12 13 322 15 6l! 61 Total ----Vnaidcd-

)lctropolUan Inatita. 3 16 10

U9 8

10 19 tion "' ... "'

110 "' 9 13 "47 '" 8 12 16 106 "' 'I 21 28

~\t:On Co:I,OI(O ::: ~~ ::: ~ 1~ .1~ '" ::: '" '" '" 1~~ ::: 1 1; 1~ ~~~rhN~~~~~n ·~ubilOO 20

... ... ... ... ... ... ... 6 ... ... 2 2 · ol!ogo•lJb(lgnlpur .. , 15 1 1 1 ... 1 1 ,,.

~~c- 2 arii!UI ... ... 2 ... ... ... ·1--:-Toto.l SU B 40 ~ 48 --:-- S 13 10 :!ISO 11 02 78

Pnvo.to atudont ... 1 l(d) ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 1 ... 1 Too.ohora ......... m 6 10 ... 3871 99

GRAN!> ToTAL ,., 007 2 37 "lW' W61m -,-3- 24 6~ 86 1,140 15 61 214 2SU

b One ditto in ditto, Ia) Throe took honours in two branches.

c Tbroo ditto ditto. 2 Honours iu French; niso obtained 2nd olass honoura in English.

The percentage of successful candidates is 24, against 29 in last year. The number of candidates was 1,149, against 807 in the previous year. This was to be expected, as in 1890 the number of successful candidates in the F.A. examination was 1,089, against 715 in 1&89. 0£ the candidates from Government colleges, nearly 33 per cent. passed, of those from aided c·o1Jeges 20 per cent. passed, and of those from unaided colleges 23/er cent. passed. The Presidency College was the only institution that passe more than half its candidates. It appears that either the examination was more severe than in the previous year, or the candidates worse prepared. In philosophy more than half the candidates sent up from Bengal colleges failed. The same was the case in history. In mathematics nearly one-third failed. · In physiology and botany only one candidate failed out of seven sent up.

I have. been told that the failures in philosophy may be accounted for by the fact that the students read notes and abstracts instead of the works prescribed by the University. The Hooghly College • passed 14 out of 50, against 11 out of 28 last year. The Dacca College results were worse than last year. Th~ Ravenshaw College, Cuttack, passed 7 out of 19, against 1 out of 8 m the previous year. The Patna College passed 20 out of 66, against 17 out of 48 in the previous year; The Rajshahi Coll(:'ge has made an adva)lce, pa.ssing 6, against 3 in the previous year. But the B.A. class was much larger. The Bethune College has ~gain passed one student.


34, This year 967 candidates took up the A or literature course, and 182 the B or science course. Half of the 182 belonged to Government colleges. The remaining half were thus distributed :-13 came from the General Assembly's Institution· and 20 from St. Xavier's College, both of which are aided colleges; 47 from the City College, and 1 from the Tej Narayan Jubilee College: 10 were teachers. It appears that the B course class m the unaided City College exceeded by 9 the class in the Presidency College. To this fact I desire to draw special attention, as it shows that in one at any rate of the unaided colleges a strenuous attempt is made to teach science. Of the 20 students sent up by St. Xavier's College, 8 passed, while of the 47 candidates sent up by the City College, 15/assed. Of the 38 candidates sent up by the Presidency Col1ege, 31-passe . This is an improvement on last year, when 27 passed out of 39. The percentage of success 1s again in favour of the B course candidates, notably so in Government colleges, from which 53 B course candidates passed out of 91. Obviously tho B course is not taken up in many colleges, because there are no arrangements for teaching it. Even in the Presidency College the a1'rangements for teaching chemistry are limited, as Sir Alfred Croft pointed out in last year's report; but the new chemical laboratory, which is in course of construction, will, it is hoped, remove this difficulty. I have already reril.m·ked that a majority of scholars have chosen the B course. My own impression is that, as a general rule, serious students are apt to prefer this course, and Sir Alfred Croft's arguments seem to establish that this is the true view; but there are, no doubt, some diligent students who have a marked preference for the literary course, arising from the natural bias of their minds.

35. Of the 39 students who have obtained honours in the A course, 26 belong to Government colleges. Of the two who have been placed in the first division, one comes from the Patna College and one is a private student. Of the 27 students who obtained honours in the B .course, 23 come from Government colleges. Of the 3 in the first division, 2 belong to the Presidency College, and 1 to the K.ribhnagar College.

In English· the first division was occupied by two students from the Presidency College, who were also placed in the second division in physics and chemistry-. In philosophy no one was placed in the first division. A young lady, }flss Indira Tagore, was the only one who obtained a first divi<:~1on iu French. She also obtained a second division in English. 'l'he sole occupant of the first division in Persian was a student f1·om the Patna College. A student from the Krishnagm· College gained the same ·distinction in mathematics. In physics and ch~stry and in Sanskrit no one was placed in the first division. In history no one appears to have gained honours. .

The neglect of history is one of the blots in our system. Very few native students seem to have any taste for this study.

36. On the results of the B.A. Examination the following endowed scholarships on the foundation of the Presidency College (as successor to the old Hindu College) :were awarded to the students named below:-

. :Monthly Nnmo of Scholar.

Atul Chundra Chatterji J yotis Chundra Sen Dhanapati Banerjee Asutos Pal Surendra N ath Mallik Bhushun Chandra Das Prabodh Chandra Bose B:umud Bandhu Das Gupta Hari Pada Banurji Hrisikes Chakravarti Pramatha N ath Chatterji (II)

....

N nmo of Scho1Q1'8blp.

:Burdwo.n scholarship ... Dwarka Nath Tagore scholarship Bird scholarship ... .. . ltyan scholarship ... .. . Hindu College foundation scholarship

· Ditto ditto Gopi Mohun Tagore scholarohip Hindu College foundation scholarship

Ditto ditto · Ditto ditto Ditto ditto

vl\luo of ScholiU"'IhiJl•

Rs. 60 oil 40 40 40 40 so 30 so so so

The Laha graduate scholarship of Rs. 40 a month, on the foundation ~~ Maharaja Dur"'a Churan Laha, c.I.E., was awarded to Upendra La! Haner]! of the K.rishnagar College, on condition of his reading for the M.A. degree in science.

The two graduate scholarships of Rs. 25 a month,layable from the Mohsin Fund, were awarded to Muhummad Yusuf Ali and sa£ Khan, both of the Presidency College.

E2

UNJ\'BIUUTY

KDUCA.TW:f.

tlNI\'ERSJTY

Y.OUOATJON,


37, The following table shows the results of the 1\f.A. examination held in November 1o91 :-

CoLLEGES.

Govern.ment- · Presidency College Hooghly .. Dacca .. Hajshahi .. Sanskrit "

..l!idccl-

·Total

Candidates examined.

3~ 2 5 1 5

51

Free Church Institution and Duff 9 7

College ... St. Xavier's College ...

Total

'Unaided-Metropolitan Institution City College Berhampore College Bishop's College

Private students Teachers

Total

GRAND Tor.L

• ...

16

11 1 1 1

14.

40 7

128

--

Candidates passed.

18 1 1 ... 4

24

2 1

s

3

... 1

13 :!

46

The number of candidates last year was 127, of whom 57 passed. The variation does not seem to be of importance. More ·than half the number of successful students' came from Government colleges. The Presidency College passed '18, the Sanskrit College 4, and the Hooghly and Dacca Colleges 1 each. The Free Church Institution passed 2 and St. Xavier's College 1. The Metropolitan In~titution passed 3 and Bishop's College 1. There is a slight increase in the number of private students that appeared as candidates. 'l'he increase in the number of private studenns that took place last year was explained by Sir Alfred Croft, The same cause is, of course, still in operation. Th.e rule of the University seems to be a little ambiguous, and may be interpreted differently in different colleges. I have myself been in the habit of insisting upon six months' study in the most literal sense. I£ a student is absent from every lecture in a month, I do not allow that month to count. Of the 40 private students that appeared, 13 were successful. . ·

38. The first place in English this year was obtained by a student from the Agra College. The first place in Sanskrit fell, as was to be expected, to a student of the Sanskrit College. 'l'he only first class in Ara,bic was gained by a student from the l\Iuhammadan Anglo-Oriental College, Aligarh, and the only first class in Persian by a candidate from the Presidency College. The Free Church Institution had the honour of sending in a candi~ate in history, who was the sole occupant of the firs't class. The two students who gained first classes in })hysical· science were from the Presidency College, In mathematics. no one rose above a third· class. In mental and moral philosophy no one rose above a second cl~ss. On the whole the Presidency College obtained 4 first classes, the Sanslmt College 2, the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College, Aligarh, 1, and the Free Church lnstitution 1. A first class in Sanskrit was gained by a private student.

39, PREh!CHAND RoYCHAND STUDENTSHIP.-Five ·candidates emolled themselves for the Premchand Roychand Studentship examination held in November ~89~, of who~ 4 appeared and 1 was absent. The candidates were examined m literary subJects. There were three studentships available, as no studentslup was nwarded in literary subjects in 1887 and 1889. On the result of the


examination, the three available studentships. of Rs. "1,600 a year each, tenable u<~nnmT for five years, were awarded to- . · Eot•c.\Tios.

1. E. l\I. Wheeler.

2 { Janaki Nath Bhattacharya. · Hirendra Nath Datta:

40. I proceed ·to extract the more interesting particulars from the reports furnished by the Principals of Colleges, omitting all matters dealt with in tho previous paragraphs of this section. ·

41. PRESIDENCY CoLLEGE.-The College has lost two Professors during tho ;~:ear-l\Ir. Webb and l\Ir. Prothero. l\Ir. Webb went on special leave from the. 8th :September 1891, and has since retired from the service. Mr. Prothero, having been appointed Director of Public Instruction, Assam, made over charge on the 19tP. January 1892. Dr. P. K. Ray retumod from furlough on the 27th November 1!:!91. l\Ir. Stack and l\Ir. Little were absent on privilege leave for short periods during the year. ·

The students have organized a cricket and a football club during the :year, under the superintendence of Professor Bi:ein Bihary Gupta. Tho Commiss10nor of Police has granted them the use of a suitable flot of ground on the maidan. By order of the Principal all the students o the first-year class are required to practise gymnastic exercises on three days during the week, unless their parents or guardians assign good reasons for their being excused. The class consists of 125 students, of whom 27 have been excused. Twenty-five students from the other classes practise gyillnastic exercises optionally.

The library is ·in good condition. During the year 370 volumes were added to it.

42. HooaHLY CoLLEGE.-liir. Mann went on furlough on the 12th November 1891. l\Ir. S. Charles Hill was appointed a Professor on the 4th November 1891. .

Dm·ing the year the drill and gymnastic classes were reorganized, each section being exercised twice a week. The cricket club was open during the cold season, and the football club .practised regularly from April to October 1891. ·An inter·collegiate gymnastic competition, at which the students of tho Hooghly a.nd Krishnagar Colleges competed, was hold on the 11th December 1891. Eight prizes were awarded-four to each college. The Hooghly College calTied .off the first prize. Forty-seven new books, in addition to "Nature" and the " Philosophical Magazine," have been added to the library.

The Hindu hostel contained 71 boarders on the 31st 111arch 1892, against 33 on the corresponding date in the previous year. The general health of the boarders was good. The same was the case in the Muhammadan hostel. But the total number of boarders ·fell off, being 79, against 91 in the preceding year. .

. 43. DACCA CoLLEGE.-l\Ir. A. C. Edwards returned from furlough on the 22nd October last. During his absence l\Ir. l\Iondy acted as Principal. Babu Jagadis Chundra Sen, M.A., was on leave without pay for five months from tho 4th November 1891, and Babu Devendra Kumar Ray acted in his place on half

.the pay of the post. The gymnastic class contained 95 members on the 31st 1\Iarch 1892: the

average monthly number was 83, and the average daily attendance 83. ~he College crieket club continued to flourish. In December last they wore eas1ly victorious in a match against the European members of the station. l\Ir. l\Iondy, while acting as Principal had two lawn tennis courts made, and a large number of students play regularly on them.

Mr. Mondy has taken the students of the Science classes to visit s~ch local works as were found in the neighbourhood.

During the year 302 volumes have been added to the library, 216 of which were presented. . . . .

'l'he number of boarders on the rolls of the RaJ Chunder Hostel on the 31st March was 60, and the average monthly number was 75. .

Thou()'h there was an epidemic of small-pox in the town, the mmates of the hostel enjoyed good health, and not a single ca~e of small-pox occunE>d in the institution. The conduct of the boarders was satiSfactory.

tr!'I\'ER81TY

t:Dl:'CATION


44 . PATNA CoLLEGE.-· The :Principal gives some interesting figu;es, which show that the percentage of Bihari Hindus in the College has nsen fron~ 71•5 to 78·5. . . . . .

During part of the year under review Mr. S. C. Hill was temporarily attached to the College. 'l'he Principal does not mention any other change in the instructive staff: During the year Rs. 375 have been spent on the purchase of books. Some medals have been promised by native gentlemen, to be awarded on the results of the examination of 1892. The names of the donors areKazi Syud Rezi Hossain zamindar of Patna city ; Babu Purnendra Chandra Singhee, pleader, Judge's' Court, Patna; Babu ~aghunand~n Prasad, zamin~ar of l'atna city; Babu Krista Chandra Ghosh, zammdar, Bankip!>re ; Babu Ambika Charan Ghosh 'l'reasurer Patna Bank of Bengal. The gentleman first men-tioned is giving one gold. ~d on~ silver medal. . .

The Principal gives no particulars about physical educatiOn. · 45. KRISHNAGAR CoLLEGE.-During the year Mr. Lane, the mathematical

lecturer was appointed to the Subordinate Executive Service, and Babu Surya Kumar Karfarma was appointed in his place as temporary lecturer. .

The gymnastic class is increasing in popularity. The inter-collegiate match between the students of the Hooghly and Krishnagar Colleges has already been mentioned. The cricket club flourishes, but the Officiating l'rincipal writes of it as follows: "Well did Mr. Billing remark in his last report:-' Unfortunately there are no other clubs here to try conclusions with.' · Inter-collegiate matches are no doubt good, but they can at most be only occasional, and fail to call forth the same amount of excitement and generate as much spirit of enthusiasm as the existence of a local rival club must necessarily do." Native games seem to be played with spirit.

The College reading club still continues to exist, but as most of the school and some of the College staff did not appreciate its advantages, it had to admit a few outsiders into its membership.· ·

Rupees 375 were spent on the library last year, and a special. grant of Rs. 59-12 was sanctioned out of the surplus funds of the school for binding books, but the library is said to be in a bad condition, and many books still require binding. The monthly average of boarders in the College Hostel was 30, against 27 in the previous year. .

46. RAJSHAHI CoLLEGE.-Babu Hemendra Nath Bose, M.A., ;Lecturer in Philosophy, took three months' ·sick leave during the cold weather. Babu Mohi.ni Mohan Datta, Jlol.A., from the Arrah Zillah School officiated for him.

The strength of the gymnastic class has risen from 500 to 560 students. The annual gyumastic sports were held on the Sth March 1892 ; and many European and native gentlemen were present on the occasion. This year a competitive examination was held for the first -time in swimming and compulsor'y athletics. A football club has been opened by the students, who have collect· ed subscriptions from the gentlemen of the station and amongst themselves. There can be no ~o!lbt that ~nder t_he rule of Mr. Livingstone phys~cal educat~on prospers. Mr. Livmgstone IS trymg to collect money for a Hmdu boardmg house, which he considers is urgently required. He believes that the unhealthi~ess of the students is in a great measure due to the lodgings in which they hve. ·

The Madrassa boarding-house contained 30 students on the 31st of lfarch. This is the largest number that it can accommodate. ·

4 7. RAVENSHAW CoLLEGE, CUTTACJ{.-I have already referred to the fact that Babu ~binash Chandra· Chatterjea, Assistant Professor, was transferred to the Chittagong Colle~ as head master after the Puja vacation. He was succeeded by Babu ~aygop_al JJe, B.A. Babu Gh·ish Chandra Nag, M.A., Lecturer in Philosop~y, havmg resigned his post to join the Bar on the 1st May 1891, Babu Har1sh Chandra Datta, M.A., was appointed to succeed him. Babu Devendra Nath Bhattacharya, Lecturer in English, died on the 6th November 1891, and was succeede_d ~y Babu Murali Dhar Banerjee, M.&. -

~he PrmCipal reports that the students take no great interest in physical exerciSe?· Th~y seem to prefer the football club to the cricket club. The forme1· IS pres1ded over by Babu Jaygopal De, B.A., and the latter by Babu Jogc:s Chandra Ray, M.A., Science Lecturer.

Ol' PUBLIC INSTRUCTION, 31 •

The number of inmates of t.he hostel on the 31st March was 23, against ''"'·.,•m< II in the previous year. The nmnber has been increased by the students who xut•t·•Tw~. came from Dacca and joined the Survey School.

48. BETHUNE CoLLEGE.-The increase in tl1e numbers and the success of the pupils in the University examinations have been already dealt with. The priZe offered by Babu Hem Chandra Mitter for the best student at the Entrance Examination from the school was awarded at the distribution of prizes in March. Lady Elliott has offered a prize for motherliness. The Hon'ble Mohendra

· Lal.Sarkar, M.A., C.I.E., andl\Iahamahopadhyaya Mahesh Chandra Nyayaratna, C.I.E, }_lave offered prizes for l'h~sics and Sanskrit respectively. .

49. SANSKRIT CoLLEGE.-'! he College Department has two sections-the Sanskrit section and the Anglo-Sanskrit section. The former consists of the M.A. class, preparing students for the University M.A. examination in Sanskrit; four title classes preparing students for the Sanskrit Title examination in Kavya, Smriti, Darsana, and Grammar respectively, and two other classes, ,namely, the fourth-year class, teaching the Sanskrit subjects of the B.A. examination, and the third-year class, in which the Sanskrit subjects .of the higher grade College senior scholarship examination are taught ..

The Anglo-Sanskrit section consists of the :first and second-year classes, in which the subjects of the University First Examination in Arts are taught. The Erigli~h subjects for the B.A. examination are studied in the PresidencyCollege. The Principal of the College having been deputed to inspect the indigenous tofJJ of Bengal, Biluir and Orissa, was absent on tour from' the 1st April to the 31st May, and Babu Sib Chandra Gui, M.A., was in charge of the cl)l'rent duties of the office. .

50. CHITTAGONG CoLLEGE.-The only change in the College staff was the transfer of Babu Abirlash Chandra Chatterjee from the Ravenshaw College to the head mastership.

Cricket and football see.m to flourish in this College, though there is no adjoining playground. None of the College students practise gymnastics, as lately there has been no gymnastic master.

The head master remarks that as there was hitherto "no meeting place of teachers and taught," he has lately got an association ·established for t]le imparting of moral lessons. He regrets very much the want of a hostel. He considers that the importance of hostels as a success of improving education in all its aspects, physical, intellectual and moral, can never be over-estimated. This is an important tribute to the value of these institutions.

51. MmNAPORE CoLLEGE.-There was no change in the staff during the year. The Lakshman Prasad Garga medal for the best student who passed the F.A. examination from the College was awarded this year to Mahendra Nath Mukuti. · A drill class has been opened during the year. The number on the rolls on

the 31st March was ll5, while that on the rolls of the gymnastic class wa·s 110. The }lidnapore athletic sports were held on the 25th January last. Out

of 22 prizes, 10 were won by the students of the l\Iidnapore College. At the .Calcutta athletic sports held on t~e 9th of l\Iarch last, Khetter Mohan Bose of the Midnapore Colle~ was :first m the hurdle race and the steeplechase! and obtained Sir Charles .I!;lliott's cup. ·

Four Municipal Commissioners visited .the College during the year. . 52. GENERAL AsSElMBLY's !NSTITUTION.-During the year considerable addi

tions and improvements have been made in the laboratory to meet the require-ments of the B course students. •

Steel's gold medal of the value of Rs. 80 was give~ during the year in two money-prizes of Rs. 50 and Rs. 30 to students of the thud and fourth-year class.

The other matters contained in the report have been already dealt with. · . 53. FREE CHURCH !NSTITUTION.-1\Ir. Hector, the Principal, was absent ou

furlough durin"' the whole of the session. His duties as Principal were performed by M~ Stephen. l\fr. Thomson, Professor of Mathematics, returned from furlough and resumed work in October.

A new class-room has been built for the second-year class and fitted up ~ith benches of a new patte~n importea. from Europe: Increased faciliti~s have been provided for the teaching of phys1cs and chemiStry by a large addition. of physical and chemical apparatus to the laboratory. The physical

tl;-l'l\'.EitsiTY

RliUCATJQN,


science branch of the B.A. course has been. resumed, but only two students

joined it. · · 1 1 · th ft Gymnastic exercises have been can'led O? regu a':.Y m e a ernoons, under the superintendence of Babu Gaur Har1 MukherJl, B.A. The Calcutta Mutual Improvement Association, composed mainly ?f students and ex-st?dents of the College, has jusfcelebrated its nineteenth anmversary, an~ the. Cha1t~n_ya or Beadon Square Reading and. Debating Club has been extendmg 1ts act1v1ty. and popularity under the supermtendence of Mr. !'omory. . .

54 ST XAVIER'S COLLEGE.-The decrease m the boardmg estabhshm13nt, due to the opening of St. Joseph's College, Darjeeling, has enabled the authorities to extend the accommodation for the Coll(1ge Department. A large hall has been fitted up as a lecture-room and physical scienc~ museum; The cl!~micallaboratory and lecture-rooms have also been much 1mproved, and add1t10nal lecture-rooms have been }Jl'_Ovided. ·

55. NARAIL VICTORIA CoLLEGE.-llabu Umesh Chandra Ghose has officiated . as head master since the 1st of March. On the 1st of April he was permanently appointed to the, }lOst, . ·

Babu Harendra Nath Sen, 1\I.A,, was appointed Professor of English in place of Babu 'SUl:esh Chandra Ball, who was appointed to the executive branch of the Provincial Service in August last.

The success of the College in the F.A. examination has been already noticed. · A special grant of Rs. 750 was sanctioned dUl·ing the year for the

'purchase of books and apparatus. . '!'he number. o£ l\luhammadan candidates has almost doubled itself during

the year. Approved text-books on moral subjects have been ~ntroduced with the view of improving moral training, and students are occasionally required to write essays on the subjects with which they deal. ·

There· are arrangements for foot-ball, cricket, and indigenous games for the boys of the institution. 'l'he Principal expresses himself as saW!fied that the College is doing immense good to the poor population of the neighbourhood.

56. llERIIMIPORE COLLEGE.-Babu Dinabandhu Das, who had been Labomtory Assistant before the transfer of the College to the Board of Trustees, retired

· from servipe dul'ing the year. . · 'l'he Trustees made during the year an allotment of Rs. 300 for the library

and of Rs. 404 for the laboratory. The gymnastic class consisted of ::!9 students on the 31st March. The

gymnastic exhibition took place on th~ 2nd April, and was attended by a large gathering. Maharani Svarnamayi, c. I. E., gave away Rs~ 200 in prizes. .

The monthly average of boarders in the College boarding-house was 41. The monitorial system, which was introduced in 1890-91, has been

working well. · · · The health of the boarders was satisfactory. 57. JAGANNATII COLLEGE, DAccA.-The Principal writes:-" The most me

morable occurrence of the year was a great fire, whicb caused no inconsiderable damage by burning down a number of houses, with articles of furniture and laboratory apparatus." . . •

· Th? gymna~tic cla~s was better attended during th.e year. There was· so"?e cncket-playmg dunngthe cold weather. The conduct o£ the students was m;uformly good. . , 58. ~RA~A 1\JorrAN !NSTITUTIO.N, BARISAL.-The success of this College in the

F.A. e:ra~mation, to whwh attent10n has been already drawn, is attributed by the Prmc~pal to the c.onscientious discharge of their duties by the tutorial staff. Gymnastics and drill are taught and cricket and foot-ball are played.

Two schemes have been set on foot during the yettr for. the improvement of the students. One of them consists of a series of excursions in which teache1·s and pupils mix freely in.conversat~on and healthy games.

The other scheme has taken the form of a" Teachersand Students' Friendly Union." Meetings·· of this Union are held· in the rooms of the Institution every Saturday " £_or the purpose of presenting to students by means of songs, le~tUl·es, and readmgs unsectm·ian cardinal principles of religion and morality w1tho~t any reference to any doctrinal question of any particulm· creed." 'l'hes~ · excursiOns and meetings are said to be rapidly growing popular with the students.

·-' I - , (

f I , ' - ,.... ' ·-· I ~

'/ .

'1= llllt•"1•111 ,) ./

-:"

....-:. ..-;-

0 I ·

/ ·I ·

r . /. . {

. ·5· "' r' - ·.

,, uf ,,,~

" ~

n . \

Ot'

I n E ~

llli'

IDnu of f~t LOWER PROVINC ES

OP

m 1m I'T ~ A ~ S H OW I N G

THE EXTENT OF COLLEGIATE AND SECONDARY EDUCATION

in 1891 ·92. ·J· ~ ... l .. l lu· a,-1\t l ~hlr . .... . . . . . ~.~ .... ... .,....

-.........- i2

·:. ,, " ( • -;:

·? y

(i A L

RE FERENCE S.

Class 1. 10 per cent. and upwards

II 2. 5 to 10 w cent.

II 3. 2~· to 5 II II

II 4. below 2! II II ·


IV.-SECONDARY EDUCATION.

59. The statistics of secondary schools for native boys for the last two ~ears are compared in the following statement:-

1890-91. 1891-92. r----'----. r--Schools. . Pupils. Schools. Pupils.

High English-

Managed by Government ••• 49 14,()1)9 49 13,991 Ditto by Municipal Boards ..• '1 1,053 8 2,023

Aided by Government or by Munioipal Boards ..• ••• . .• 166 26.789 171 26,718

Unaided 129 83,136 128 32,668

Total 851 75,587 856 76,300

1Jiddle English-

Managed by Government .•• . •• 6 907 5 743 Ditto bJ" Municipal or District Boards 20 1,694 20 1,650

Aided by overument or by Municipal or District Boards 684 41,089 583 40,779

Unaided 210 13,668 208 14,355

Total 820 67,258 816 67,527 --Middle V SJ'nacular-

Managed by Government ... . .. 84. 2.814 93 2,533 Ditto by Municipal or District Boards 161 8,628 152 8,026

Aided by Government or by Municipal or District Boards ••• • •• 906 47,063 811 43,482

Unaided ... ... 131 7,765 117 6,710 -Total ••• 1,222 66,260 1,118 61,351 -

Gn.I.ND ToTAL ... 2,398 199,105 2,286 19"178

Secondary schools of all classes, taken together, have declined from 2 393 with 199,105 pupils to 2,285 with 194,178 pupils. The loss, which is chiefly confined to mid~le vernacular .schools, is, ho.wever, more apparent than · real inasmuch as 88 pr1mary fund m1ddle schools m the Burdwan and Dacca Divisions alone have been now returned as upper primaries, in accordance with the views expressed in paragraph 85 of the last annual report. Again, the decrease of 108 secondary schools during the year has resulted in the loss of 4,927 pupils only. This gives 46 pupils per school, while the average strength of a secondary school is 85 pupils. It may be safely inferred, therefore, that the few schools that have actually ceased to exist were weak and inefficient; and their disappearance is not much to be regretted.

60. The following table shows in detail the attendance and expenditure in all classes of secondary schools for native boys :- ·

... e

"'" " EXPENDITURB, ~· ~~ 8 e §;a ., .. e From public Iundt. I From pri\"Uto

~~ g~ "' fumll,

i Q ... ~ ~

~ •• .ll~ ~ "' ~ Tot.u.

CL.UB OJ SCHOOLS, 1 "":e ... E "' 0 - e.

~ Q .e u

'S "= . .,

:3 .e i a "

.o ~ • u ..: 0 !i

i • .. . . ·u .. .Ce~ ea ! ··~ ~ ·a

~ ~ a=

~2~ ~a £g • 5 z ~ ;a .. Hiol• .Enoli•h. n.. Rs, Rs, lis. 118. 118

llannged by Government ... • .. '9 IS,91ll lS,MJ.i 10,628 1,37.715 ... 2,200 s,oo,o:n 14,300 .f,M,!55

Ditto by Municipal Bo!U'dB •.. 8 2,023 l,tl.lfi 1, ... ..... ..... • 3-J,S.:.7 'l,lOG CJJ,·HO

Aided bb Government or by Muni· m 26,718 26,300 10,876 87,74/J 1,800 1G,G97 3,00,173 07,6R7 &,03,071 cipal oords ... ... ... ...

3~.568 Sl,Sill ....... • ...... 1 \~.::.~ C.,\ll,UOO Unaided... ... ... ... • .. 1 .. - _.:::__

~otal Sll8 71S,SOO 73,0'20 1>6,283 2,29,503 I,Sllll 22,S31 10,1iJ,86'.?; 2,91,8i0 15,00,435 ... J!!

SICONDAR1

BDUC.ATIOlf

BECONDAB'I'

EDUCATION.

34 REPORT OF THE.DIRECTOR

~i ~.: 8

Exl'BNDI'l'ti'BB. e.· I g:a ~:. § Fr"m public !11nds, .From printe

~ ~· 'l! funds. .. •"' 1 ~;;

0~ !l .:1 ll.· l!l' • ~ .:1 I TOTAL. cuss 01 Sonoou. "'· a a "" ~ ~~ ... :a ~ ~ 0. 1 ~ .li 0

""" • •o ... • ~ i ~ .. ,. ~~ ! ··If ·a ! ~ o'f:lil ~g- . ~a • • • g

z "' ~ ... .:; "' :a

Middl~ Bngli1h, n •. a.. n.. n •. n.. n •.

Managed by Government ... . .. • 7<8 710 .7< 6,316 . .. &lO ts,'I'OO ... 12,-i~S

Ditto by Municipal or District 20 1,600 1,600 1,209 18 0,035 1,<87 7,131 ~.on 16,682 Boards... ... ... ... . ..

Aided by Government or by Muni· ISS3 -ifl,'l''lD 39,2.'\7 20,'1'20 28,017 1,17,683 8,898 1,00,818 1,'1'0,025 4,05,335 clpn.l or District Hoarda ... ... 1'>8 14,355 13,292 10,2Ui ... ... 40,780 1!9,212 1,00,001 tJno.ided ... ... ... ••• ... -------- ---------

Total ... 816 117,1!27 M,B<S 411,'1'18 M,351 1,23,118 10,'1'31 S,23,1!2l1 2,32,148 6,2-l,470 ----------- ------Middlf V"'*4cular, -

llanaged by Govemmont ... . .. 83 .... s 2,.00 1,'190 8,96'1 ... 3,100 8,938 1,408 22,470 Ditto by Municipal or Disf.rlct

102 8,"620 8,037• 6,<16 ll'l• 37,617 1,0'15 23,~ .. 708 88,09< Bonrds ... ... ... .. .. Aided by Government or by Mnni·

811 43,4S2 41,472 Sl,OM 46,395 00,737 7,218 1,29,M9 88,890 3,33,6811 ripal or District Ronrds ... ... 117 6,710 6,219 4,8::iS ... ... . .. 14,701 19,961 &l,ll6ll Unaided ... ... ... ... .. . ------ -------

Total ... 1,113 6l,Sll1 58,136 44,001 55,688 1,04,35i 12,Sll3 1,'1'B,m 1,09,~ 4,58,SiiS

GBABDTOTAL ... 2,288 19!,178 186,60'2 142,6i2 3,19,4£10 2,29,941 45,41ft '----~-"'

14,53,922 6,33,989 '----v

28,82,'150

5,94,8<16 20,87,904

In the preceding year the expenditure on 2,393 schools was Rs. 26, 73,905, of which B.s. 6 1(046 were contributed from public funds (Provincial revenues, and municipal' add district funds), and Hs. 20,62,859 were raised from-private Aources The year under report shows Rs. 5,94,846 under public funds, or a decrea;e of Rs. 16,200, a.nd Rs. 20,87,904 under private funds, or an increase of Rs. 25 045. The increase in the contribution from private sources from year to y~ar is a _happy sign, especially as. the poli~y of G?vernment is to set free funds· for pruilary and ·female educatwn by w1thdrawmg from secondary schools to the utmost possible extent. In the course of the last three years private expenditure in secondary schools has increased by Rs. 1,53,398, or from 76·2 to 77·8 per cent. of the total.

61. The increase in the cost to Government on secondary schools for native boys, noticed for the last few years, has now been successfully checked by heavy reductions in the expenditure on high and middle English schools under departmental management. Every effort was made to conduct these schools as economicallv as could be done without impairing their efficiency, and in SJ?ite of some unavoidable increase in some of the divisions, notably m the Prestdency and Dacca, the result has been a net decrease of Rs. 14,371, as compared with the figures of the preceding year. It would have been still greater had it been practicable to make over the Barisal Zillah School to local management early in the year, before the sum of Rs. 2,795 was incurred in its maintenance from Provincial revenues.

The expenditure from district funds has risen by Rs. 907 only. The slight increase against aided high English schools is probably due to the elevation of some more middle schools in the Board area to the high En"'Iish status; ·the grants they used to draw from the Boards as middle schools being still continued by those bodies. ·The decrease against middle vernacular schools is due to the trans£er of a number of primary fund middle schools to the upper primary list, as explained above.

There hao been a decrease of Us. 2,736 under municipal funds, owing, as the Inspector of Schools, Presidency Circle, remarks, to the recent orders of Government directing municipal authorities to devote their means to the encouragement of primary education first of all.

62. As pointed out in previous reports, the chief means of extending the benefits of the ~ant-in-aid system to the many. unaided schools which exist, in the hope of gettmg grants from Government, 1s to set free money by cutting down the existing grants, any large increase in the grant-in·aid allotment bein"' out of the question at present. That such an expedient is quite inadequate t~ meet the actual requir.ernents is at once e'l'ident from the fact that, while there are no less than 453 unntded secondary schools on our returns, against 1,565 aided


schools, the latter class of schools are in receipt of public aid in the proportion ••co>»Anr of only 28·5 per cent. of their total expenditure, though the maximum •oucATION,

allowa):Jie under the rules is from 33 to 40 per cent. for high, and from 40 to 50 per cent. for middle schools, according as the locality is more or less advanced. The District Boards complain that the funds placed at their disposal are incapable of expansion; the municipalities can hardly even cope with the demand for primary education in their jurisdictions. The depart-ment also has to recognize the prior claims of primary and female education. With so many difficulties staring Ull in the face, we can .hardly expect, in the near future, to help the numerous unaided schools constantly pressing for grants-in-aid.

The grant-in-aidnllotmentfornative schools was increased from Rs. 2,57, 700 to Rs. 2,60,000, or by Rs. 2,300. Partly with this additional amount, and partly by cancelling the grants of 13 schools and revising those of 27 schools when they came up for renewal, it was found possible to sanction 15 new grants and increase 4 old grants during the year. The total number of institutions in receipt of grants-in·aid from the department was 850, of which 7 were colleges, 161 high English, 187 middle, 163 primary, 313 female, 13 training, and 6 special schools. The gross monthly grants at the beginning and end of the year were Rs. 22,053 and Rs. 21,75!!, respectively. This shows how thoroughly the applications for renewing grants-in-aid were oyerhauled by the department.

63. High English Schoola.-The figures for these schools are repeated below:-

1890-91. 1891·92.

Schools. Pupils. Schoola. Pupils: Managed by Government ,., 49 14,009 49 13,991

Ditto h~ Municipal :Boards 1 1,663 8 2,023 Aided by Government or by Municipal

166 26,789 . Boards 171 26,718 Unaided 129 83,136 128 82,568

Total 861 75,687 866 76,300

The above shows a gain of 5 schools, and a loss of 287 pupils in all. The decrease in the number of pupils is, however, so slight as to call for no special notice.

The number of institutions maintained by Government bas remained the same as before, the transfer of the Baris!tl school to local management being compensated by the elevation of the Darjeeling school to the high Engli~h status.

The Daris:H school is now managed by a joint-committee composed of members elected by the District Board and the Town Municipality, and has been returned, for simplicity's sake, as an institution maintained by the latter body. The other seven schools under mWlicipal management are Santipur in the Presidency Division, Howrah, Bally-, Burdwan, Midnapore Collegiate, and Ghatal in the Burdwan Division, and Nator in the Rajshahi Division.

The increase of 5 aided schools may be thu~ explained :-In the Presidency Division, the middle English .schools at Harinarayanpur in Nadia and at Choa in Murshidabad were raised to the high English status with the grants they used to receive as middle schools from the re~pective District Boards. In the Burdwan Division, the Kotalpur school in the district of Bankura rose to the rank of a high school by a similar process, and the Wesleyan high English school at Kuchkuchia in the same district, which had formerly been returned as an unaided institution, received a grant-in-aid. In the Chittagong Division the Lakshmipur school, so long classified as unaided, has now been returned' as an aided institution. The other divisions exhibit no change. The 171 aided high English schoq_ls of the yea~ wer~ thus distributed :-:-Presidency Division, 53; Calcutta, 1; Bu~dwan, 58; RaJshahl, 9; Dacca, 21; Ch1ttagong, 7; Patna, 10; Bhagalpur, 4; Orissa, 6; and c.hota Nagpur, 2 •.

There has been a loss of only 1 una1ded school durmg the year. There was a gain of 2 schools in the Presidency Divisio.n, and of 1 sch~ol each in Calcutta and Rajshahi, while Dacca lost 3 and Ch1ttagong and Omsa 1 each.

F 2

BBCOl<o"DARY

BDtJCATION',


· · the number o£ high English schools in Calcutta is The steady mcreas~ 1d bl s'n There are already more high schools in the perhaps no~ an u;m:xe to h:!l~h~ competition. It has often been pointed out town than IS con ucive 1 t've t e tend to impair discipline. A curious that schools of the sp~xu d :chool~are sometimes managed is afforded by the instan~e as !0 h~1 unaD e Martin's report in which he explains the decrease followmg h~ol:cin rP~na,r.neutralised by: ~ corresponding rise in the. other o~ t~o so division ·-" One was closed suddenly on the abscondmg of ~~strlCts .·o~o;h~ith the f~es of the boys, Jeaving the unfortu?ate .teachers. to Its. pr~pn~h I The other ceased to exist on the Umversity refusmg shlft or . ell?':eo:e~ccount of its want of success." Schools like the above !~er~~~f:~~~ely very rare. The unaided school~ were thus distrib':ted:-Pre· 'd 18 Calcutta 39 Burdwan 18, Rajshah1 2, Dacca 17, Ch1ttagong 5,

s1 ency , ' . 'b M h 1 1 Patna 21 BMO'alpur 7, and OriSsa Tr1 utary a a s • . 64. 'The following statement compares the results of the Entrance Exam-

ination for native boys for 1891 and 1892 :-

1891. I 1892.

., ., PABBBD IN TIIB I c j PASSED IN' TrrB- i ~

i ~ a a d 8 • CLA.SB Ol SCIIOOLI!, 8 ii d ~ d ·~ d

d :~ :§ "0 .2 :~ i "0 .2 k "0 ·~ •• "0 ·~ :a ~ t;S . :a :a l~ ~ .li :a "' 1l :a "' :3 g ~0 c :g 3 .

s] 'S il c 'l! ~ s.li a ~ j ~ ll :a co c "' 0 :. ~~ c 0 :. z• z .. .. z .: "' .. ..

Government llohoola ... ... l,O'US 111 280 216 013 r,7'02 ... 1,056 1361 262 155 555 IS2'l5 ... ... rlded ... 101 1,021 72 m 173 .,. •U'OS lCO 1,rm 78 187 BO .,. 37'0

Printo aobools ... 1,013 131 St.'S Unaided ... 107 1,816 84 267 303 OM 30'0 108 232 2-t., 066

Ptinti' studontl and tco.chors eo 13 11 2. ... ... 61 1 10 6 17 26'3 ... ... ...

----- ------ - ------ - -- - -Total ... 326 I 3,998 267 7<0 763 1,110 ... 7 883 4,110 ~IS 761 ... 1,613 ..

•Including munioipnl scbools, femnle school!', o.nd mtLdrn.sso.s.

There has again been a falling off in the percentage of successful candidates. It was 50 in 1890, 42·7 in 1891, and 40 in 1892. The slight inct·ease in the number of examinees from 3,998 to 4,110 possibly indicates a little laxity on the part of school-masters in sending up ill·prepared pupils; but the fact that the English paper at the last examination was unusually puzzling, so much so that it evoked hostile comments in the Senate, may perhaps, to some extent, account for the comparatively bad results of the year. At the same time it must be admitted that, taking the results of the whole examination, more students failed in history and geography than in English. But it does not appear that the history paper was considered unusually difficult by experienced head masters. I believe myself that there is a natural aversion to historical studies in the Indian mind. As to the prevention of unprepared candidatE's being sent up to the examination, the step already taken by the Syndicate to disqualify schools which show bad results year after year is quite sufficient to root out the evil gradually. The Arrah Town School, the Aryan Training Institution at Bankipur, the Noakhali Rajkuma'r Jubilee School, the Pya Sara Gopinathpur School, and the Cuttack Samyabadi Institution were so disqualified during the year under report.

The 1·elative position of the different classes of schools remains unaltered, Government schools heading the list with 52·5 per ·cent., aided schools standing next in order with 37·0, and unaided schools ranking below them with 34·8, against 57•02, 41·03 and 30·01 respectively in the previous year. This uniform state of things, year after year, points out clearly that the more direct the control of the depa1·tment, the more carefully are the candidates selected for the examination,

DIVJSIO!I',

:r ' Calcutta ...

-.PresideDCIY ...

Burdwan ... :RaJsbabi ...

llCCil ... blttagong

o.tno. ... b6galpur

bota Nagpur

riua. ...


65. The following table shows the comparative success of Government aided and unaided schools in each division for the past two years:- '

nco~m.\nT

EDl'C.UIOS.

1&11. 1893,

NUl!DBB OP NUliDRR OP NU.UDBB OP 0.\.NDI·

't Nollmm op I NUYDRil OP 8CUOOL8 WlllCII SCUOOLB WIIICll • NuvnRnoPCA:r.'Dl· DATE~ l'AS!IBD 'il SCUOOLS WIUCII Scuoou WIIICll SH:fT PASSED

0A.NDJDJ.TB8, 0A.NDID.t.TE9, l!f TllB-~

SE:"CT PAssim DATR:t 1'.\!lSHD

~ CJ.NDJDA.TES. 0ANOIDA.TBS. .ll lK TUB-~ .. I ~ c ,; :1! ] ~ ' "' d g ..,

d • d 0 5 § 0 ~ ~ il . 1l ;l .. 0 ~ ~ .; g 0 d '0 ~

~ :!i • ;; :s 0 . . 0 :.5 • '0 '0 • • '0 :s . :s " 8 ,; s ,;

" . :a li ~ ~ 'li 8 l :a • $ E 'li . E • .8 :a .., " .~ :a

8 • 1 ,.., • ,; .., ... • ] 1 .g :!! '3 e ;! .ll " 1 • !l • . ;; !l 8 i! ~

8 ~ ~ 3 8 ~ 3 • 0 ..,

0 :!! • 0 • .., = ~ ~ " i! ~ " :;; ::> ~ c < " ... " >: .. IZ z <3 0 0 :;; • 0 • ... " .. " ::> ... z ,;: ~

.. .143 I (a) 6 (b)3 31 , •• • • . , "' OS7 ~I , .. l<l7 331 17 .I (h). (i) 3 30 3S • • 20 30 1,000 70 199 133 333

7• (c) 0 .. 16 7·i 8 ·10 12 110 552 .I m 05 261 10 70 (j)8 ... 01 16 70 8 ., ,. 03 500 co ns 78 soa

... 83 (d) 0 ., 17 78 0 .. " .. OS~ •• l·i7 120 325 23 .. (k) 0 M 18 &1 0 <Q H OJ .,. M133 78 208

... 17 (•) 7 0 1 117 a 0 ... " 126 20 33 .. 81 ,. 10 (I) S 0 1 18 8 8 1a ,.. ., .. ... .. 07

... .. ff). 21 171·l3 • 18 ,. 3S 003 30 1H 127 2SO 20 ·12 (lit) 0 20 18 .I 0 10 ,. 30 tll7 .. la1 100 3:!~

... 1a 3 a 3 12 3 • 3 11 ,., 13 20 20 50 8 10 3 7 • ,. 3 • • 12 m ,. 23 " 00

... 3S 7 0 ,. 31 7 8 10 25 4>1 13 01 ..., IGO 18 3S 7 10 ,. 31 7 8 10 ., 010 31 H 07 16:!

... lU • 3 0 ,. • 3 • " , .. 8 21 21 .. 13 10 • • 0 ,. • 3 a ,. '" • 20 .. 12

... 7 • • ... 7 0 • ... 7 53 3 11 ,. 28 7 7 • 2 ... 7 • • ... 7 .. a ,. • 20

... 11' 3 a 2 11 3 • • 10 107 1 Ja .. ... 10 10' 3 0 ... 0 • 3 ... • 03 • 10 • 10

- -- --- - - - ·-- --- --- -- - - ------ - - - - - -- -

;i • 'il, !. ;;; c .. 0 ~

~ 0 " .!5 8 • "'

" 10

•• " 21

0

" " 7

10

- - ----Total ... I"' " 101 107 1326 50 130 00 2.S2 3,012 207 727 O'J2 l,GSO 1 .. 250 liD 1M 108 333 6B f31 01 ... ,,o-~a

1

s..7 7'1 538 1,6:!0 '" (b l>itto Christ Church nnd l!roo Church Fomnlo NOfll\tLl School.

i Dt.tto Chris_t Church nnd Frcl"l Church Normal School•. • Inohtdmg one school m thP Trlbutnry Mnho.ls.

(~ Including tho Botlmno Girls' School,

(c Ditto 1\lurshidnbnd Nt~wnb's Illn.dl11.9!1an.nd Snntlpur Yuniclpn.l •hoot. l J llitto Howrnh, Bally Uivers 'l'hompson, Bnrdwo.n, Midnuporo Collo-

1hJ Including tho Bethune Girl•' School,

J lJttto Snnhpur Munlcipnl Sllhool. kJ Dilto HowrAh, llnlly Ulvors Thompaon, Durrlwnn Alidnnporo

( l Coll('gln.tCI and Ghn1a.l Muuiciplll Hchool¥. '

gio.tt>, nnd Ghntnl Municipal :Schools. (•) Ditto Nntor 1tlunicipal School. (f) i.Jitto Ducoo Mo.dra.ssa.

l Ditto Nato:- Municlpnl S('hool. (nt D1tto Daccn Mtlll.ra.~ Hd~u FoiD.nlo School and DariiAlllunlolilnl

School. ·

In paragraph 59 o£ this report the number of schools maintained by Government has been shown to be 49 and of those under municif.al manage• ment 8. All these, together with the Bethune Collegiate Schoo , the Eden Female School, and the Dacca Madrassa have, for the purpose o£ the above table, been regarded as Government high Engli8h schools, The school at Rangamati, started in the preceding year, did not compete at the examination, and the Puri Zillah School could not pass either of the two pupils it sent up.

The aided schools fared much worse, as out of 166 schools that competed only 131 were successful, against 161 and 136 respectively in the preceding year; and in this respect they were beaten by unaided schools, of which 108 competed and 91 were successfUl. In other words, 98·3 per cent. o£ Government schools, 78·6 per cent. of aided schools, and 84•3 per cent. of unaided schools which sent up candidates to the last Entrance Examination wore more or less successful, against 97, 84·45 and 84oll per cent. respectively in the previous year. Judged by divisions, the Presidency Division, including Calcutta, occupies the foremost place as before, with 594 candidates passed, and Dacca stands next to it with 325, having beaten Burdwan, which occupied. the second place in the preceding year. Rajshahi and Bhagalpur show marked improvement, and Orissa the most striking falling off from 46 to 19 passes in all.

66. Government high schools for native boys are either schools attached to colleges and under the co~trol of tl_le Principals, or zilla schools of. the first, second, or third class, supervised by Cucle Inspectors. The class of a Zilla school is fixed by the number of its pupils, aecording as it is 300 or more, between 300 and 175, or less than 175 .. The following tables show the result~ of the Entrance Examination for these classes of schools separately. Tho mer1t marks in the last column have been calculated by assigning three marks .for each boy

!ECONDARY

BDUO•TION,


assed in the first division, two marks for each b~y passed in the second, and one ~1ark for each boy passed in the third, and a;e mtended to effect a rough comparison of the efficiency of these schools. 'I he test of progress woul~ be more accurate if the merit marks were al8o to depend on ~he number of puprls taught in the first class during the year. I take the colleg1ate schools first of all:-

NA.li.B OP SCIIOOL,

... n SSIS 68 431 . 37 zss a~ 487 83 460 :12 213 28 SOlS 20 283 27

1. Dncea Colloglo.te ... . .. 2. Ho.ro ,, ... . .. 8, Hoogbly , ... . .. •{Hindu ,. "' ... • Ro.jsbnhi 11 ... • ..

6, PntnR. " ... ... 7. Krlshno.gnr ,. ... . .. 8, Ro.venshn.w 01 Cnttock .. .

1801.

NUMDBR PAS9BD

8 s

10 7 8 3 3

3

IN 7UB- •

,; .s ·~ ;a

] 17 10 8

13 11 18 0 0 1

18 43 8 21 8 26 8 .. o· 2s 7 .. 0 21

' 11 ' . 01 • I •• .. 42 so .. 33 ..

1892.

NUMDBR P.lSSBD IN'l'IIll:-

7 • 7 7 • 6

' s 1

17 8

12 • IS 11

' G 0

0 10 s G 7 • G I s

33 27 .. .. .. 21 10 10 10

76 87

" " 40 .. S6 17 16

.. ,. 48 ... ... .. Sl 22 18 D. Ohittngong Colloglnto ... ... Ciitcntbi.

10, An\11~:0 .~ep~.:men~·'· ... ... li39 so 4 s 4 Ill Sl ... 6 4 10 32 16 11, Hooghly Brnneb ... ... ... ... 331 16 S 4 15 19 liS ... R ... 0 2'! 12 11. SlloDikrit Collegio.to ... ... ... ... 2115 16 1 4 2 7 22 ... 9 4 6 13 8

Total ... 4,430 -;- 481109 88 246 402 49rloll67 m ~ 406'

The Dacca Collegiate School has regularly occupied the highest place on the list since 1888-a success which reflects great credit on the staff of teachers, especially as there are a good many efficient unaided schools in that town, and competition may be pronounced to be no less keen than in Calcutta. The Hare School has moved up from the sixth to the second place. The Hindu School, on the other hand, which just passed 60 per cent. of its candidates, has gone down from the second to the fourth place. The schools which passed less than 60 per cent. of their candidates are the Krishnagar, Ravenshaw, Chittagong. and Sanskrit Collegiate Schools, the Anglo-Persian Department of the Calcutta Madrassa and the Hooghly Branch School, the failure of the Hooghly Branch and the Sanskrit Collegiate schools being mo~t conspicuous, With the exception of the Chittagong Collegiate and Hooghly Branch, all these schools sent up more candidates to the last examination than on the previous occasion, while those that passed more than 50 per cent. were generally more discreet in this respect. .

67. Zil/a/1 schools, jil'st class.-The number of these schools was 14 against 12 in 1889-90, owing to an increase of pupils in the Patna City and Ranchi Zillah Schools. 'l'he results of the Ent.rance Examination of these schools for the last two years are shown in the following table :-

• AI BRIT '!l 1591, 1892. MARK B • • Q NUMBER PASSED NUMBER PABSBD .

" ~ IN THB- ~ IN TilE-e

~ N.!U.B OP BCIIOOL. •si .. ~ ;a -~ !! ~- ~ ;i ,; ~ ,; g1 ·~ :~

d :~ Q

1l :~ 1l Q

:~

~~ " ;a ;a ;a .ii

:~ ;a ;a .li "" ;a "" ~

~ • ] 3 a ~

• ~ ] ·- ~ ~ j ;;; .. ;z;~ ~ • Q ! "' ... ;z; ... ~

1. Al'nlh '" "' ... ... 39 8 3 11' 38 0 10 G 27 19 " •• Baril! I• ... ... .. . SIB •• ·a 11 11 30 " 9 9 1 19 57 •• .. Chnprn. ... . .. ... ... 21 2 9 • " S8 • 11 9 ., .. 1ft •• Birbbum ... ... .. . ..... ,. • 10 3 17 20 8 ' 1 lf " .. •• Co milia ... ... .. . reo 18 1 • • 10 10 • 10 1 " 10 ,.

0, Pnbna. ... ... ... 410 11 • 3 I 8 10 0 ' • " 19 32 7. Rongpur ... ... ... 317 21 6 ' 6 17 " • • • 11 .. • • 8. Mymllnsingb ... ... &12 27 • 8 II 23 11 • lS H 24 o { B!U1LSAt ... ... '" 800 18 '3 • 1 8 20 • • • 0 18 10 · Bhil.gaiEur .. "' ... M7 .. 3 • 3 10 28 1 • 8 1S 20 19 11. lotutBhi o.bad. "' '" ... ,. • • • 13 1 ' I 7 8 .. 1!, llAnchi "i

1S. Gas• ... ... ... "' 18 • 7 .. 12 l • 3 6 18 10

1f. l'u.Lu& Oit:r '" ... ... ... .. 1 8 ' H 2' 1 • ' . •• 7 ... "' ... 312 1> • 2 • 8 16 ... '2 1 3 .. • Totc.l ---- moaTuo rnj--.7 s7r-.o-... I ..... so• I " 179 ... 360

• Trnnsferrod to locnl m!UJ.ngcment,


. It is worthy of remark that. in spite of the bad results of the year, the first class schools under Govern'ment management passed three more pupils at the examination (179 against 176), althougb. the number of candidates from these schools increased by two only (311 against 309).

68. Zillah schools, second class.-'fhe figures for these schools are compared below:-

ga 1891, 18tlll, MBBIT IU.Bit8, ,. :a I

..... Number pMscd jo NumOOr passed in .. ~ ;, 0 tho- ~ tho-NJ.K.B 01 Scnoo1o. ... ~ Total, 0 •

1ls§i 1l ·I; ·~ ·~ Totnl, 1l ~ :E ·~ 1891, 1802. .. o ... t! :a :;; :;; .!j "' :a

.8"" 'lid 'Sci a•~ -e~ f.~ 'l!d c.~ ~~ ~:!:a ··- l~ ;.c.s ~.lJ l~ :;.;"' ~Ill ... :;.; j;:;•

1. Pnridpur ... ... .... 19 • • 7 18 13 • • 1 II !8 11 .. Dn.nkura ... ... 2..0 16 • • 1 8 .. 3 6 • ,. 17 .. 3. Noaldm.li ... ... . .. ,. 8 7 1 II II • • - 0 • • ll3 •• Purulia ... ... 2113 II • • 8 0 17 • • 8 17 •• .. Mon~hyr ... ... 223 12 ... 1 • • 11 1 0 •• 11 • l¥ •• Khu no. ... ... '"' 10 1 8 • 18 " 8 • • " ll3 7. Motihu.rl ... ... 188 8 1 8 ... • 10 1 • • 7 0 1S s. DiniLjcur ... ... 209 8 1 • • • 8 • • 1 • 0 II 9. Jnlpu. guri ... ... '" 9 .. . • 1 • • • "i • • • 9 · {Bogm ... ... ... 8. • 1 ... • 7 a ... 8 " 8

10, 'l'n.ld ... ... "' • • • • 8 18. ... • 'ii • 17 8 Dnrjeellng ... ... '" ''io ... , ... "'o • '1 • • iS

8 IS { Jessoro ... ... 220 1 1 8 1 1 8 6

Bnlasore ... !OS II ... • • 10 , . 1 1 1 s ,. 6 13• llm.BIIM'pur'" ... 271 16 ... 8 • 7 ,. .. . 1 • s 16 • 16• ~ Mo.ldo. "' ... 208 '" ... • 8 7 10 .. . ... • • II • furnea ... ... 20< 6 ... 1 1 • • .. . . .. • • s •

Total ... s.s.•r,,.t-,-.-1-.,-----

88 120 106 81 .. •• lOS llllS 108

The number of second class schools has gone down in the course of the last two years from 19 to 17. Patna City and Ranchi have moved up to the first cla~s, and Barrackpore has gone down to the third, while the new school at Darjeeling has been added to the list. The Faridpur School has been maintaining, for the last five years, its position as the most efficient school of this class, the results of the year under report having been specially brilliant. Most of the otl1er schools have changed places-Khulna, for instance, has gone down from the third to the sixth, and Muzaffarpur from the eleventh to the fifteenth place; while Bankura, Purulia and a few others have gained some steps each. The building for the Khulna School was completed in l.'tfarch last at a cost of Rs. 25,500, exclusive of establishment charges.

69. Zillah schools, third class.-'l'hese schools number 7 against 6 in 1889-90, Rangamati having come into existence in the preceding year, and the place of Howrah (transferred to local management) having been taken by Barrackpore, which has come down from the second class. The heavy loss of pupils in Barrackpore in the course of the last two years (from 235 to 149) is ascribed by the head master, first, to the enhancement of fee-rates, and, secondly, to the unusual prevalence of malarial fever in the neighbourhood. The following table compares the relative position of these schools :-

g . .!! 1691. !BOt • liBBil' IU.BJtJ.

e • :l Number passed in Number po.aaod ln .. ! <bo-- :! tho-•II! i!~ ~ • N .l:W.B 01 ScnooL, :s .... "' d "' d Co § d ~ 1 Total. .. ~ d .l! TolaL d •• 1801. 1891,

.9 ·~ 0 •• :e 1$>1 1l ..

1l

2~ z ·~ :a ~ " ·~ "' :a "' ~ :;;

1 • ] ] a.l! ~ :s ~ ! :<~ • "' .. .. "' .. -

1. Hn.z&ribti.p;h ... 171 7 1 "'t

1 11 1 • • 8 • " 2. Rn.rraokporo . .. ,.. • 1 1 8 8 1 1 • • 0 7 s. Dumko. ... 1lll 6 ... ... • • 7 1 "'t • 3 I

{Chaib!Wil ... 129 • ... ... 1 I • ... .. .. 1 I • •· Pol(l.mtt.u ... 124 6 ... 1 1 • 8 ... .. . • • I

•• Puri ... lllll 9 ... ... 6 6 • ... ... .. . ... • . . 7. Rangnmnti• ,,. 8G ... . .. ... .. . ...

·~~·j--7" ... ... ... -· ... - - -Totnl ... 017 .. 1 8 11 " 6 • 18 .. ..

• Now school. Did not compete;

!tBCONJ:.&.RT

BDUCATION.

6ECOSDARY

EDUCATION,


The selection o~ candidates appears, i~ general, to have been_judiciously made the increase m the number of examm(les from 35 to 41 havmg resulted in a dorresponding increase in the number of passes from 15 to 18. The rise in the merit marks of Hazaribagh from 2 to 14, the latter being higher than those of some first class schools, shows that mere superiority in numerical strength is very rarely an index to the efficiency of an institution. The failure of the Puri School is regrettable. It has been showing signs of decline ever since 1889-90, and had to suffer much, especially last year, in consequence of many unavoidable changes in the instructive staff. The tone of the school is, however, said to have improved since the present head master took charge in October las.t. . · 70. The following table will show, at a glance, the principal high English

schools in Calcutta that are maintained for the benefit of native students:-

Number of NUMDEB PASSED IN' TRR-pupils on Number

Number tbe rolls on of

of N AMB OP SonooL, the 31st cn.ndi~

Total. scholar~

March dates. First Second Third ships 1892. division. division. division. go.ined.

Government S.chools-

1. Hnro "' ... ... 885 41 9 8 10 27 2 2, Hindu ... 283 44 7 9 6 22 4 8. Sanskrit Collegi~to School ::: ... 215 22 ... 2 4 6 ... 4. Anglo·Pt'raian Department, Calcutta 589 31 ... 6 4 10 . ..

Madrassa.. , . -Total ... 1,422 138 16 25 24 65 6

.dided Schools-

1. Garden Reach High Eogliah School ... 276 14 . .. 1 1 2 ... -U11aided Schook-

1. Metropolitan Institution '" ... 930 112 6 19 17 41 2. Ripon Collegiate School 753 60

... ... ... 7 8 10 8. Kesa.b Academy 285 18 2

... ... ... 6 1 9 4. Oriental Seminary 632 27 8

... ... ... 1 1 5 6. Albert Collcgi&.te School 422 33 2

... ... ... 1 6 9 1 6, City Col!e~iote School ... ... 692 88 7 6 6 17 8 7. New IndiAn School 822 122 4 8. Free Church Institution and'nufl' Colleg;

12 18 29 432 35 8

... ... 4 7 9. Metropolitan Institntion (B.,wbo.zar 812 23 2 2 4

... Branch).

8 . .. 10. General Assembly's Institution ... 857 56 5 6 4 15 2 11. Ca.lcutta Training Academy ... 499 17 ... 4 2 6 12. Calcutta. Institution ... ... 863 14 1 8 4

... 13. Seal's Free School ,,, ...

8 407 7 1 1 1

... 14. Metropolitan Institution (Shampukar

8 830 22 8 8 5

... Brooch),

11 2

15. Calcutt!\ Arynn Institution , ... 282 19 8 8 1 7 1 . 16. Simla. Bengnl Academy ::. ... 277 19 ... 1 1 2

17. Bangnbali Collegiate School ... 422 28 2 1 . ..

18. Ba.gbnzar Model School ... 8 1

19. :Metropolitan Institution '" (Bo.rabnz; 285 6 1 1 1 8 436 9

... Brooch),

... 8 1 4 ... 20, City Collegiate School (Sohhahnzar 262 17 1 4 4 9

Branch), ...

21. Cotton Institution 191 6 1 1 1 8 22. Metropolitan Institution ... (Balakbn~~ 275 19 1 7

... Brooch).

1 9 ... 28. C. M. S. Bonrding School ... ... 54 6 1 ... 1 2 24. Graduates' Institution 854 27 1 1 1

. .. 25. Ripon Coll•ginto School ... (Kidderpo~~

8 285 20 1 1

... Branch).

... 2 ... 26. Knligbnt High English School· ... 431 11 ... 8 2 5 27. South Suburban 699 so 6 4 7

... 28. L. M. S. Institution, Bhow&;_ipur

... 17 1 ... 424 82 8 8 7 13 1 29. Bishop's College School 120 2 SO. Aryya. Mission luatitution :::

... ... -· ... ... 431 16 2 1 6

. .. ... 8 ... ---

Totnl ... 12,404 846 60 103 105 268 12

th t ~hi numbe~ of scholarships awarded has increased by four, thereby showinoa a cutta enJoyed a greater share of the first grade scholarships which ar:


open to competition by all schools of the province than in the preceding year. The Hare School, which had failed to take a single scholarship in 1890-91, fared a little better last year with 2 scholarships. The City Collegiate School (unaided) secured 3 and the Syampukar Branch of the Metropolitan Institution 2 scholarships. The following unaided schools passed 50 per cent. or upwards of their candidates at the examination :-Kesab Academy, Calcutta Institution, Syampukar Branch of the Metropolitan Institution, Bagbuzar lllodel, Sobhabazar Branch of the Oity Collegiate School, Cotton Institution, South Suburban and Aryya Mission. The Metropolitan and theN ew Indian, which have the largest roll-numbers, passed also the largest number of candidates. As other instances of conspicuous success among unaided schools outside Calcutta may be mentioned the Jubilee School at Dacca, which passed 42 pupils-the largest number in Bengal-and the Brajamohan Collegiate School at Baris1tl1 which passed 27 pupils, of whom 11 were placed in the first division.

71. '£be following table shows the distribution of Government junior scholarships (including those awarded to boys from European or Eurasian schools), awarded on the results of the Entrance Examination for the last two years:-

1891. 18l>ll,

DIVISIOl'i',

Cnlcuttn .•. 1 6 11 18 18 s 6 11 20 20

Presidency 1 6 12 19 19 1 6 19 19

Burdwan • 6 19 2S 22 1 6 20 19 1

Rajahahi 6 10 16 1 6 10 16 16

Dace& .... 6 12 26 19 1 s 6 21

Chittagong 6 8 8 6 9 8

Po.tna ... 6 18 11 7 6 18 17

Bb{l.galpur s 9 1S 8 • s 9 • 6

Orissa. ... • 6 10 1 9 • 6 10 • • Chota Nagpur ... • 7 s • • 7 • 1

Total

The above does not include the special scholarships awarded for the encouragement of the pupils of Muhammadan and aboriginal descent and of female candidates generally. In the preceding year 28 scholarships were awarded to boys who had passed in the second division, and the rest to the boys who had passed in the first. During the year under report the number of scholarships awarded to first qivision boys increased by 11; but though there was a consequent decrease in the number of scholarships awarded to boys in the second division from 28 to 14, three scholarships had to be given to boys

G

.SKCONDARY

EDUCATION.


in the third division for want of more eligible candidates. This happened in the BMgalpur, Orissa and Chota Nagpur Divisions, and is explained by the backward character of the localities, coupled with the unsatisfactory results of the year. . .

72. In paragraph 8 of the Government Resolut10~ on the !ast report His Honour desired that there should h? on reco~d some. mformat10n as to places where Government zillah schools exist alongside unaided s~ho~ls, an~ wh.ere they should either give way to these schoo!s, or. els? sh?uld JUstify. their ext~tence. By unaided schools I understand unai~ed I_nstltutions of the h1gh Enghsh status and not unaided schools of any denommat10n whatever, as assumed by at least ~ne officer. As has already been seen, there a~e altogether 49 high English schools for boys maintained hy Government, of whiCh 12 are attached to the first or second grade colleges, and are, accordingly! g?verned by special co~s!d.erations. The remaining 37 schools were thus distributed:-Prestdency DivlSlon 6 Burdwan 2 Rajshahi 6, Dacca 2, Chittagong 3, Patna 6, BMgalpur 5, Orissa 2 and 'chota Nagpur .5. There a~e no unaided high ~ngli~h sc~ools at any of the stations where the ~tllah.sch~~ls m the Bur~ wan, RaJs~ahi, Oris_sa. ~nd Chota N agpur Divisions are situated. I he 6 schools m the Presidency Division are as follows :-Barasat, Barrackpore, Taki, Khulna, Jessore and Murshidabad. The first two have no rivals in the localities, the aided and unaided high English schooJs in the. nei~hbourhood being _j~st .s~fficiet?t t? .meet ~he demand for high educat10n m the populous mummpaht1es whiCh he m. a strmg from Calcutta to Naihati. Taki, Khulna and Murshidabad have no rivals: in fact, in these towns private enterprise has not yet bestirred itself. The last is, moreover, an institution maintained by the department under special arrangements with the Nawab Bahadur of Murshidabad. Jessore is the· only zillah school in this division which has to work side by side with an unaided school in the same place. The Sammilani Institution, as the latter is calle~, was started about four years ago; but it must be considered to be as yet in an initial, if not an experimental stage, inasmuch as its organization has not yet assumed anything · like a permanently settled character. It has, however, by offering low fee-rates, drawn away many pupils from the Government school. There are unaided schools at Faridpur and Mymensingh in the Dacca Division, which work as rivals of the local zillah schools. The Faridpur Institution, as the unaided high English school of the town of Faridpur is called, although it was started a few years ago, was recognized by the University only recently. It also has considerably diminishe<j. the strength of the zillah school. As regards the Mymensingh Zillah School, the Inspector of Schools, Eastern Circle, reports that he has asked the District Board and Municipality whether they would be prepared to take over its management on the same terms as those sanctioned by Government in ·the case of the BB:ris.al School_; _but t~at he has not heard from them a!lything yet. in reply. Similar enqumes With regard to the schools at Faridpur, Camilla, a?d ~oakhali have ~een, ~s yet, equ~lly fruitless. "The private schools at Uomilla. and Noakhah," wntes the Assistant Inspector of Chittagong, "cannot be consid?red as existing on anything like a permanent or solid foundation," and the zillah Fchools, he thinks, cannot therefore be dispensed with at present without s~riously injuring the educational progress of these places. 'l'he Rang.amati Boarding School in this division calls for no remark, as it is not hkel;y- .t? have a ~·ivai for a long time to come. Of the 6 schools in the Patna DivisiOn, the zillah school in the town of Muzafl'arpur, where there are ~wo flourishing private schools, Mukherjee's Seminary and the Society's school, IS already in proc!lSS of abolition, two of the masters having been withdrawn a~d t~o classes closed; 'Motihari has no rival to contend against, and Patna City ~~ a local necessity like the collegiate schools in Calcutta, to meet the ~ducat10n_al requirements of a highly populous town, as is evidenced by the mcrease m the number of its pupils in the course of a single year from 278 to 312 •. There are unaided high schools at Gaya, Chapra and· Arrah. The question of making over the Arrah Zillah School to a joint committee is now under .t~e. consideration of Government. The Monghyr school in the Bhagalpur Dh~on will no more be returned as a Government institution, its managemen~ avmg ~een made over to a local joint committee, like that at Barisal on t le 1st April last. There are no high English schools, aided or unaided:


to compete with the zillah schools at Purnea, Maida and Dumka. The two unaided high English schools at BMgalpur hardly render the maintenance of the zillah school unnecessary, inasmuch as all the three schools have more than 300 pupils each.

From what has been already said, it is clear that every opportunity has been taken advantage of to give effect to the policy of gradually withdrawing departmental support from those zillah schools which may be regarded as having paved the way for independent native effort. The collegiate schools at Midnapore and Berhampore and the schools at Uttarpara and Howrah were made over to local management in previous years ; Barisal was transferred to a local committee during the year under report, and l'lfonghyr immediately after the year had closed. Muzaffarpur is, as has been already stated, in course of abohtion. I agree with Dr. Martin in thinking that the process of withdrawing Government support from zillah schools by closing some and transferring others to local bodies must be a slow one, as otherwise Government, losing its sources of income derived from local receipts, will find itself burdened with a large number of supernumerary teachers, without the means of paying them which were formerly at its disposal.

73. Middle English Sclwols. -The following table compares the statistics of these schools for the last two years:-

1890.91. 1801·02. ,---.A.~...., r---.-...--....., Schools. Pupils. Schools. Pnpils.

5 HS 20 1,650

6d3 40,779

Mnnnged by Government ... ... 6 907 Ditto .Municipal or District Boards ... 20 1,6~4

Aided by Government or by Municipal. or District Boards ... ... ... 68' 41,089

Unaided ... 210 13,568 20S 1Uuli

Total ... 820 67,258 816 57,627

. There has been an apparent loss of one school managed by Government owing to the fllevation of the Darjeelmg School to the high English status. The number of schoqls maintained by District or .llfunicipal Boards has remained unchanged, the loss of a school in Darbhanga, in consequence of its reduction to the middle vernacular status, having been counterbalanced by an exactly opposite p'rocess with the Board Model School at Maynaguri in Jalpaiguri. As the course of studies prescribed for middle English schools is exactly the same as that for middle vernacular schools, with the exception of English only, in which also boys of the former class of schools are examined at their option, the conversiOn of the former into the latter and vice versa is of constant occurrence.

Aided schools have declined from 58! to 583, or by 1 only. As 8 of the aided schools of the previous year were raised to the high English status, the decrease of only 1 school of this class during the year does not indicate any actual loss. The Presidency Division gained 2 schools, Dacca 3, and Chota Nagpur 2, while Rajshahi and Orissa lost 1 each and Patna 6. Five aided schools in Patna are said to have been closed for want of local interest in them, and especially of contributions from private sources fQr their suppo1·t. It would thus seem that Bihar, where aided schools are few and far between, is still too back~ard to avail itself of the benefits of the grant-in-aid system. '!'he aided schools were distributed as follows:-

Presidency 113, Calcutta 2, Burdw:an 153, Rajshahi 68, Dacca 115, Chittagong 25, Patna 30, Bhagalpur 27, Orissa 29, and Chota Nagpur 21.

The number of unaided schools has come down from 210 to 208. The Presidency, Dacca, and .Chittagong Divisions gained 2 schools, and Calcutta and the Orissa Tributary Mahals 3 schools, each. But the accession of these 12 schools was more thun neutralised by the loss of 5 schools in Burdwan, 3 schools in Rajshahi, 4 schools .in ~atna, and 2 .schools i~ ~.hagalpur. The 208 unaided schools were thus d1strlbuted:-Pres1dency DIVISIOn 28, Calcutta 8, Burdwan 46, Rajshabi 13, Dacca 58, Chittagong 25, Patna 11, Bhag11lpur 5, Orissa 7, Orissa Tributary Mahala 5, and Chota Nagpur 2. · o2

SICONDART

JmtiC.t.TION.

SECONDARY

BDUCATIONo

DIVI8I01f,

.

Proaldenoy ... Ctt.lcutta ... Burdwn.n ... Rajahahi ... Dacca. ... Chittngong ... Patna ... 'Bh(Lgnlpur ... Chota. NllgpUr

Orium ... Orisea Trlbu.

tary Mahala

Total .-..

44 REPORT OF THE DffiECTOR

74. Middle SclzolarBlzip Ezamination.-The results of the exam~nati?n, so far as candidates from middle English schools are concerned, are g1ven m the subjoined table:-

NUII.DBB OJ INBTITUTIOlfB BBNDING I NUHDBB OP EXAMIN·I NUWJBB PASBBD PROM- I RAOB on Cn:BBD Ol" PASS I ELUr!UiBBS, BBS, BonOLARS,

Inttitu· Institu. tiona Aided Other 'ii tiona Aided Othe1' under institu· lrutitu· Total. Q under institu. institu. PrivBte Total, B publlo tiODio tions. iio

publio tious, tions. students. manngl}o manage. . ment, ment. c

m ~ ~ .. " & .ll ~ " • ~

.; •• Q ;!! .. .. 8 c :E 0 .. • c 0

i ~ 0 ~

~ ~ ~ 0 0 • • • .. e .. • "' e .. ;!! ;!! • ~ .!l .!l ~ ] ~ .. " I ~ .., " " ~ • " c .. 8 • .. • • ~ ~ • ~ ~ .. g 8 .. • • • c • c

~ ~ 0 0 .. Q .. • j 0 .. .. ., j .. .. .. 'll j .. c . ... ,._ .. . :;~ • • :@~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ • • =t;~.~ ·• . . e .,. :g~ ::iii ,. K .. ..

i 0 ] '"· ..!I ali '"· :Slj .. :si 'tt,.j :ge a ~ l!' '3 l I i '3 i 0 . :S]ij ·a~ 'iiJl :s~ ·a~ ~ I "' .s a- .a., 6 re ·s.s a., f " ~ 1 J ~

s a a s .. :el .. a D a li. 8 1! ~ ~ ! 5i ~f .. a -s'f .. a ,.c::(=: "' .. .. - 0 e a ~ "' "'"' .~~ _., _.,

is:~~ ~il " • .0 a B .. ;!; ~:;:: ~~ ~8 ~:;: ~8 ~~ 0 iii • cS cS 0 o3 • 0 :.;j 0 "" "' "' "' ., "' "'

., ~

I ... ... OS 82 11 11 1M. OS ... 209 ss 12 MD ... . .. 156 25 26 7 • 1 187 ss ... 208 ... 0

1 1 2 2 1 1 • • 8 10 s ... 21 6 ... • 2 8 ... .. . ... ,. • ... 16 ... ... 8 8 137 122 20 20 171 150 .. <l>S 02 ,. ... 11 .. lSl 188 20 S8 • 4 166 254 ..I .. s ... 16

8 2 l5il .. 11 7 70 52 18 oos .. 7 26Z 6 6 50 " 6 9 • 1 6~ rn ...1 "' ... 18

1 1 108 88 so .. 139 111 • rm 1S6 8 728 1 1 87 1M 12 42 8 ... lOS 107 .. 2l5il , .. ... ... 23 10 10 " .. M ... "" 120 s 266 ... ... 28 60 8 86 1 1 32 07 ... 168 . .. 20

s 8 'n 28 0 s 86 29 10 107 12 26 '" 2 • .. 27 s 8 6 • 08 89 ... 88 .. 8

20 1 " 28 • 72 2 8 87 • •• M 1 s • .. .. " " s • 21 1 ... ... .. . ...

... ... " " ... ... '' ,. ... 87 ... 1 68 . ... ... 20 21 ... ... 1 ... 21 21 ... 20 .. . 1

s 8 26 21 • 1 81 " S2 105 7 • 180 • 7 ss 27 1 ... 1 ... S9 M .. . 71 ... • s s s 8 8 • 2 7 ... ... ... ... 8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... • ... ... • .. . .. . ...

-- - -------- - - ----26

- - - - -- --- - -- -----.. 008 ... 110 M OoiO loss 110 2,076 ('2 85 2,743 so 46 569 1>80 82 , .. 28 ,. 709 780 ... l,MS 1126

The above shows that 2,658 candidates appeared at these examinations from 640 middle English schools, of whom 1,456 from 538 schools were successful, 681 having passed with middle English, and 775 with middle vernacular oertificates. There were besides 42 successful private students. The percentage of successful schools declined from 90·5 to 84·1, and that of successful candidates from 67·8 to 55. As the questions were more or less of the same nature in the two years, the only explanation for the falling off is that the examinations. were held about two months earlier (in the first week of December instead of the last week of January), in consequence of which the boys had only ten months' time to prepare themselves instead of a full year. Much sickness also prevailed at the time, which prevented many boys, who had deposited the fees for admission, from attending the examination.

75. Middle Vernac11lar Schools.-The following table compares the statistics of these schools for the last two years:-

1890-91. 1891-92. ,......~--....,

Schools. Pupils. School .. Pupils. Managed by Government , .. .. . s• 2.81' ss 2,638 Ditto by Municipal or J>istrict lloards 161 8,628 16a 8,626 Aided by Government or by Municipal or

District Boards .. . ... . .. 906 47,o53 811 43,48:1 Unaided 181 7,766 117 6,710 -Total .... 1,222 66,260 1,118 61,361

A.borhrinR

] ro.ces,

. ., . ., --i 0

~ . • ~ ~ l .. li " i ~ • " • • "' • 0 z 0 z

s ... I'"'

... ... i

... ...

.. . ...

.. . ...

,\ ... ... 'j 1 ...

I.; ... '"I . .. "i ..

.. . '"'

.. . - -- -• 21 '

DIVISIOlf,

Presidency ... Ca!cutta ... Burdwan ... llajshabi ...

Dacca ... Chitt ... ng ...

Patna ... Bhiipipur ... Cho\& N lll!Pur

Orissa ... OrWa Tribq.

taey Hoba!a ...

Tolal ...


The loss of one school managed by the department is due to the transfer of the Dinajpur .Model School to the management of the local municipality.

The number of schools maintained bv District or Municipal l:loards has increased by one, there having been a gain of 3 schools in Patna and a loss of 2 schools in Bhagalpur. The other divisions exhibit no change in the number of these schools during the year. The 152 schools under this head were distributed as follows:-Presidency Division 12, Burdwan 24, Rajshahi 25, Dacca 15, Chittagong 10, Patna 39, Bbagalpur 13, and Orissa I 4.

The heavy loss of 95 aided middle vernacular schools was chiefly owing, ns has already been explt~ined, to the classification of most of those primary fund and khas mahal schools which had reached the middle stage as upper primaries. There was a loss of 1 aided school in Calcutta, Chota Na.,.l?ur, and Patna each, of 84 schools in Burdwan, 11 in Dacca, and 3 in Rajshaiu. On the other hand, the Presidency Division gained 4 schools and Orissa and Bhagalpur 1 school each. The 811 aided middle vernacular schools of the year were thus distributed :-Presidency Division 186, Calcutta 11, Burdwan 1113, Rajshahi 96, Dacca 221, Chittagong 99, Patna 4, Bhagalpur 19, Orissa 26 and Chota Nagpur 16. It is to be regretted that grant-in-aid middle schools of both English and vernacular denominations are so much at a discount in the Patna Division.

Unaided schools have fallen off from 131 to 117. They were thus distributed during the year :-Presidency Division 16, Calcutta 3, Burdwan 15, Rajshahi 11, Daccp. 30, Chittagong 14, Patna 13, Bhugalpur 2, Orissa 2, and the Orissa Tributary 1\lahals 11. Chittagong has gained 2 schools and Rajshahi and Patna 1 each, while the Presidency has lost 9, Dacca 7 and Burdwan and Chota Nagpur 1 each.

76. Middle Scholarship Ezamination.-The results of the examination, so far as middle vernacular schools are concerned, are summarised in the table below:-

SBCONDART

SDUCJ.TION.

NUnDEB OP INSTITUTIONS SENDING

I :Nl1MDBR OP ELUUN·i NUlllDBR P4BSBD l'ROll- I RJ.os on CnRBO oJ I'ABIIRU EXAMINEES, EBB, 8CllOLAJl8,

Institu- In9titu• tiona Aid~d OthP.r .; tiona Aided Other Aborl~el·

under 0 under Printo iu11titu- institu- TotaJ, . lnetitu- tnatitu• Totol. nol

public a publio 1tudouu, tiona. tiona. . tiona. tiOWio rao~•.

manage. ~

WllDlLKD-

1 m~:~nt. went. . ·--a • ~ • ~ • 1 ~ i ~ 1 I i •• 8 B 8 :0 0

I 0

~ ~ :ll ! t ;a e ;a 0. . ~

_,; ~ i 1 _,; _,; ~ " !i ~ . ., : :!'

0 . " :!' • "' 8 8 8 ~ 0

0 • 0 • 0 •

I J § .2 • .. "' .. "' "' ~~! .. '!! '!! '!! .. .. .. .. "' .. • • t~

• • • il il il il il 41 " '&. ;1l ;gj .! ;g; ;1l ~i •

" .. i § ] ] = ~ :a .j .J ] f :i! ~ I • i '3 • H

:g,.; ·a~ :!!j ·a~ :!!Jt iii! :g,.;

a~ li d !i "' ll "' s E-" a-" j I 0 "' ·~ ae "' a '-/ . i!. i!. il ~ 'S " : :3 .. a ,c:O:: .oB .ct: .c.: ;f ..,e .o- ~ ~

~ ~ ·2 0. 0. . fc :., -· .9 • a a a a ~ 5 ;!; _,

-~~ _,

~8 ~8 ;;~ ·- 8 .. 0

c'l • c'l 0 8 • 0 • • < ~ ~;w ~:0:0 !<" ~;I :::c.. "' "' = " ;;! " "' i5 "' "'

., " "' ~ .. ~

12 10 130 101 20 1S 163 1 .. '' 390 .., ss .., ... M 7 100 8 so ... 9 19 .... ... S01 ... 17 1 ... ... ...

1 1 11 11 1 1 1S 1S 1S 66 6 7 .. ... 10 ... 40 8 . .. ' ... 68 ... .. .. 2 ... ... ... ... ... 2ll •• 16< 139 12 12 198 173 100 493 ss 7• 709 ... 8' s 313 ... "" .. . ~ s 497 .. <117 13 ... ... ... ... ., 13 •• .. 7 s 9S 00 00 21S 21 ... 310 ... 23 2 76 ... • .. . ' 2 108 ... 72 ... 38 ... ... ... .. .

17 12 104 120 27 10 238 156 04 631 100 89 980 3 .. ... 210 1 :n ... 13 • 300 ... 261> "' ... ... ... ...

WI 00 9 • 100 81 31 :n• :n ... ... 16 1711 • ... 7 ... 207 172 .. ... ... ... ... 10 8 ... ... . ..

s 3 12 8 48 ., us 18 30 121 291 1 68 13 .. Ill! ... 26 1 12D ... "' ... 14 1 ... ... ... 33 so ...

2 8ll so ... ., 2 .. 140 33 1 8ll 1 ,. 1 80 ... 70 6 .. . • 1 ... 13 1S 17 16 1 ... .. . ...

2'1 ,. .. 28 .. 101 .. lS 8 ... .. ... .. ... ... ... ... ' ... ,. 9 13 6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. .. 38 02 10 101 .. 2'1 ... ... • ... ..... 1!8 1 • ... ... . .. 10 9 19 " ... ... ... ... .. . ...

• so 17 • "" ... "" ... ... ... ... . .. 2 2 ... ... 7 7 9 9 • ... .. ... • .. . ... .. . ... ...

1------- --- -2,316 337 633 3,786 • ... l3 I, IS., • 1<11 1W ., 1,761 .. 1,007 ... 181 • • 0 ...

1 .. 129 70S ... 97 68 900 726 ... ... -

IIECOl'fDARY

J:DUC~TlOl'l'.


The number of competing schools has declined from 1,008 to 955, and that of the examinees from 3,934 to 3,784. This, however, is the natural consequence of the loss of 109 middle vernacular schools during the year, for reasons already explained, and not due to any loss in efficiency or !popularity. Excluding the private candidates, (of whom there were 533, 140 being successful), out of 3,251 examinees who appeared from schools 1,642 rrassed, 21 with mirldle Englllih and 1,621 with middle vernacular certificates. fhe percentage of success was therefore 50·4 against 63·8 in the preceding year. This is in keeping with the falling off noticed under middle English schools, and is probablr due to the same causes.

It 1s curious to notice that the percentage of success is always lower in the middle vernacular than in the middle English examination, although the course of studies prescribed for it is somewhat lighter. Thus it was 67·8 for middle English and 63·8 for middle vernacular in 1891, and 55 for the former and 50·4 for the latter in 1892, the average difference being about 5 per cent. The explanation seems to be that the candidates presenting themselves for the middle English examination are older, and possibly, also, more intelligent than those that present themselves for the middle vernacular examination.

77. The following summary gives, in one view, the combined results of the middle scholarship examinations from the two sets of schools:-

Middle English schools " vernacular ,

Total

Middle English schools , veruacular 1,

Total

1890-91.

Number of

candidates.

2,755 8,331

6,086

P .t.SSRD .t..f THE-

,----~---.....,

Middle Middle English

examination.

g.;g 34

892

vernacular examination.

1,029 2,091

8,120

1891-92.

2,668 3,251

5,909

681 21

702

775 1,621

2,396

Total passed.

1,B87 2,125

1.456 1.612

3,008

The number of examinees declined by 177 and that of successful candidates by 914. The falling off is due to causes already adverted to,

78. The Inspector of Schools, Presidency Circle, urges the necessity of revising the middle examination curriculum. He points out with much force that there are subjects in it-mensuration, botany, chemistry for instancewhich are not prescribed even for the Entrance Examination, and which accordin~ly throw an unnecessary burden .on the s~udeuts of tender age who attend m1ddle schools. He advocates the mtroductwn of elementary Sanskrit and Algebra, that boys on leaving these schools may easily hold their own with those who have already made some progress in these subjects in high English schools. However, it must be observed that the present system possesses compensating advantages in the case of those students who do not enter the University. Proposals have already been submitted by him for l~ght~ning the ~iddl_e v:ernacular course, so far as the amalgamated high English schools m h1s cucle are concerned, They have been circulated to the other Inspectors for opinion, and should the revision be effected it would be easy to apply it mutatis m1etandis to middle schools as well. '

79. The system of imparting instrnction in the lower classes of amalgamated high English schools through the medium of the vernacular which has bee~ well ~ried in the Presidency and Rajshahi Divisions, conti~ues to work sat1sfacto~1ly. All the boys of the ~fth·class. of t_hese schools are required to pass the m1ddle vernacular scholarsh1p exammahon before promotion. to

OF PUDL!C INSTRUCTION. 4.7

the fourth. The question of relaxing the rule, as well as that of simplifying the standard of instruction in the fifth class, is, as stated above, under consideration.

80. The middle and upper primary scholarship examinations were to have been held, as announced in paragraph 65 of the lust report, immediately before the Durga Puja holidays this year. As the Puja, however, will commence early this year (about the end of September next), the candidates would have had only some nine months to prepare themselves had this arrangement been carried out. It has accordingly been settled that for the current year the examinations will be held shortly after the Puja vacation (about the first week of Novemberl, and from future years shortly before it.

81. The examinations are conducted at selected centres, the number of which may be taken at four per district on an average, under the supervision of the Deputy Inspectors and Sub. Inspectors of Schools and ·head masters of zillah, collegiate and training schools. The Circle Inspectors have the papers set, printed and despatched to the Superintendents, with instructions for conducting the examinations properly. Not a single instance has ever come to notice of the questions having been prematurely divulged. But the recent robbery of the papers for the Entrance Examination at Patna has rendered additional precaution necessary, and the Circle Inspectors have accordingly been asked to adopt such measures for the safe custody of the questions as to make their betrayal altogether impossible.

82. Dl'awing.-This important subject was experimentally introduced in the Hare School, Calcutta, and the Hooghly and Dacca Collegiate SchooiR1 at the beginning of 18$!0. '!'be results were at first disappointing, few boyH attending the classes, and fewer still succeeding in passing- in the subject, 'l'his was entirely due to the excPptional position the subject holds in the curriculum of study for matriculation: it is optional, and a candidate's success or failure in it does not help or hinder his passing the examination. It was suggested, there· fore, that for the purposes of offering a tangible ad vanta(J'e to those who would take up the subject, their marks in drawing should be added to the totals in the award of Government junior scholarships. This, as well as the proposal to appoint drawing masters for the first grade trainin~ schools, on a salary of Hs. 50 rising toRs. 60, in order to train a large number of qualified teachers of drawing for the secondary S'chools of the middle status in which the subject will be eventually introduced, has been sanctioned by Government. These measures necessitate the appointment of a number of drawing masters all over the province, far in excess of the present capacity of the School of Art to supply. '!'he Superintendent reports that at the last examination for Art teachershi ps, altogether 14 candidates appeared, of whom 8 passed and 6 failed by a few marks only. As 3 or 4 of the successful candidates will not take service, he does not think be will be able to supply more than 8 teachers a year on an average. It is thus necessary to use our limited resources as economically as possible, and to postpone the full ·operation of the scheme till the required complement of teachers is secured. There is now one drawing master for the Hare, Hindu and Sanskrit Collegiate Schools, one for the Madrassa and lligh School at Murshidabad, one for the Chittagong Collegiate and '!'raining Schools, one for the Ravenshaw Collegiate and Uuttack Training Schools, and one for the Ranchi '!'raining and Zillah Schools. 'l'he drawing muster of the Rangpur Training School is permitted to teach the boys of the zillah school also. The Training Schools at Calcutta and Dacca, where the large number of students do not admit of similar economy, have got drawing masters of their own. Permission has been also given to admit to these classes boys from neighbour• ing high schools under private management, so long as. the accommodation is sufficient, on payment of a fee of ~ ~nnas each. Drawmg masters have. a.lso been appointed for the Patna Trammg .School and the llooghly 'l'rammg School.

The results of the Entrance Examination held in February last show that excludin(J' teachers and other private students, there were altogether 141 candidates who took up drawing, against 155 in the preceding year, of w~om only 9 passed, against 8 in the previous year, 2 being ~uropeans or Eu~as1a~s and 7 natives of Bengal. It will be seen that som.e nat~ve boys passe~ m tb1s subject from schools under private management, m wb1ch, so far as 18 known

SIC'O~DART

li:DUCATlO:f.

S£('ONDART

t:DVCATION.


at/resent, no attempt has yet been made to teach drawing on any regular an systematic plan. · .

83. Discipli~e ana Moral _Traim'n.q.-I h~ve hardly anyt~mg more to add to what was said under this· head by Srr Alfred Croft m the last annual report. All the higher inspecting officers repeat their opinion that discipline has markedly irnproved in all classes ~f scho.ols, and that cases of miscond1;1ct are very rare, the few that come to nohce being always severely dealt With by expulsion or rustication. It may therefore be safely asserted that nearly all that it is possible. to effect by departmental influence is being done to improve the discipline in schools. We have got an elaborate system of transfer rules for preventing capricious transfers .from school to school ; W? have introduced co~duct registers, by means of which the conduct of a boy, 1n and out of school, IS constantly brought to the notice o_f both teache~s and guardians; we have recommended text-books for use whiCh are unquestiOnably of a moral tendency, and we inflict condign punishment on those who are immoral or disrespectful in their behaviour. -Dr. Martin remarks: "Complaints regarding the disrespectful behaviour of students out of school have been much less common than formerly, but I have heard complaints brought forward from the other side, owing to officials not always having the politeness to return the salutes of the boys."

In the same manner it is to be feared that the boys are not the sole offenders with regard to the transfer rules. Cases have been brought to light in which masters have harassed students requiring transfer, by putting an improper construction on the wording of the rules, or making unnecessary delay. As the general tendency of the rules is, after all, wholesome, and as it is impossible to devise any system so perfect as to be an unmixed good, we must go on, however1 revising and amending the rules, ·according as exigencies arise.

Cases have hElen reported of immoral conduct in teachers, of criminal breach of trust, producing forged certificates, making false musters at the reward examination, and so on. It is needless to add that almost all of them met with their due share of punishment, whether legal or departmental, so as to serve as warnings to others. It is doubtful if even with a more extensive system of training schools for masters, isolated instances like the above could ever be completely checked, when the teachers employed are so many and so variously qualified and paid. I now pass on to the connected topics-Physical training and Boarding-houses, which so powerfully tend to maintain orderliness in school-boys.

84. Physical t?·aining.-111r. Bellett says that the head n.aster of the Bogra Zillah School remarks that physical exercise has a very great effect in keeping the boys e~ploy~d and away £:om e':il c_ompany: I~ is interesting to find a head master m this country taking this VIew, which 1s, I believe, one generally held by educ11tional authorities in Great Britain. I have already desclibed, in the section on Univ_ersity E~uca_tion, .with ~hat avidity the College students have taken to physical exercise m all 1ts vanous forms; and it is satisfactory to learn that the same spirit has manifested itself in schools also according to their limited resources. A rule was laid down that when half th~ cost of buying gymnastic apparatus for zillah schools could be locally raised, the other half would be supplemented by grants from the surplus funds. Most of the zillah schools availed themselves of this concession during the year Private schools also_ have shown c~mmendable activity in_this respect, and wher~ funds are not a'!ailable fo~ buymg co.stly apparatus mdigenous games are encouraged. Dr1ll, where mtroduced, Is no longer looked upon with dislike and out-of-door games are more indulged in than was the case some two or thre~ years ago. .

The difficulties experienced by most of the private schools in Calcutta for want of playgrounds appear to be insurmountable. In this connection I

· m_ay qu?te the following from the repo:t of the Inspector of Schools, Presidency Cu~le, m the hope that the suggestion made by. that officer may produce fruit:-" The Hare School has got a drill class, and it has a large com ound where boys from this school and its sister institution, the Hindu School can pursue. m~nly_ games. The same advantage is enjoyed by the other Go~ernment mstitutlons. of the town but the majority of the private schools labour under a g1·eat d1fficulty for want of playgrounds. Land in Calcutta is so

-:;:: 1\ah ,.._pur:;, '/

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1'-0

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(; U~J:lbl

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or

n E X

/

( o

ntau of fht , LOWE R P RO VINCES

-5-

•,\

OF

lB~l'T ml A~ S H O WING

THE EXTENT OF PRIMARY EDUCATION in 1891 · 92.

,,

y

'• • J,..Jiu• h-· ''"hl· • ·• • ol o .

. /; " I I

, ... .,. I

' .... ,, ... _. ~, ... "":""/.

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REFERENCES.

Class 1. 50 per cent. and upwards

" 2. 30 to 50 per cent.

" 3. 15 ~~ 30

" " " 4. below 15 II It .. ..... liliiii,ILIIill

OF PUDUC INSTRUCTION. 49

dear that none of them are in a po~ition to provide playgrounds for gymnastic exercises, and physical training is, in consequence, utterly neglected. It would be a great boon to the school-boy world, if patches of land, enclosed as play-ground for boys alone, could be opened by the municipality in suitable loculitles." It must be observed that the compound of the Hure School is far too small to form a suitable playground.

85. Boarding-houses.-Boarding-houses serve as a powerful instrument for the enforcement of discipline. This is especially the case where the monitorial system is adopted. Almost all Government institutions have attach!!d boarding-houses, under the supervision of one or more of the teachers, who, in some cases, receive head-money from Government. Some high English schools under private 'management, and many institutions for Native Christians have similar ad vantages, and it is satisfactory to learn that the importance of boarding-houses is being more and more appreciated. It would be useless to repeat the very interesting statistics of· expenses in these institutions gi von by Sir A \fred Croft in the last report, as these items are not likely to vary much from yeqr to year.

V.-PRil\IARY EDUCATION.

86. The subjoined statement compares the statistics of primary schools for native boys for the last two years:-

Upper Primm·v Schools. 1800-91.

Unde~ p~tblic mauagement-

,...Schools.

Mnnogod by Government ... ... 6 Ditto by District or Municipal Boards 11

Under privato management-

..... Puptlo.

ISO 299

Aided b:v Government, or by District or Municipallloards ... ... 9,316 121,214

Unaided 205 6,8V~

Total 9,637 128,637

Lorocr Pt·imarv Schools. Undet• pubUc man tgement-

Mnnaged by Government ..• ... Ditto by District or Municipal Boards

Under private management-Aided by Government or by District or

Municipal Boards •.• . .. Unaided ...

Total

Ga&ND ToTAL

lll 3

ss,ooa 7,980

49,097

47,694.

174 116

800,835 132,087

9·i2,21l

1,070,748

1891-92 .

..... ---~ Schools, Pupilo,

6 liS 10 278

s."~ t27,88s ~ua 7,087

9,661 136,371

3 126

s~.os' 836,608 8,031 162,243

4.4,918 987,876

48,679 1,123,24.7

'fhere bas been a net gain of 1,045 primary schools nod of 52,499 pupils, the upper primaries having advanced from 3,537 with 128,537 pupils to 3,061 with 1~5,371 pupils, and the lower primaries from 43,997 with 042,211 pupils to 44,918 with 987,876 pupils. The rise or fall in the number of pr1war.r schools appears to depend on such a variety of causes,-the state of the pubhc health, the price of food-grains, floods or drought, and finally the resources of the District Boards, by whom chiefly they are aided,-that it is hardly possible to ofler any satisfactory explanation of the large fluctuations that take place from year to year, especially as the reporting officers, who take particular care to enumerate the causes which way have been at work in bringmg about a falling off, apparently find themselves at a loss to assign any reason when a sudden increase bas taken place. The divisions which have gaineil are Dacca (623 schools), Patna (~35), Chittagong ~~16)1 Orissa Tributary ~Iahals _(121), Chota Nagpur (119), Presidency (87), HaJshaln (73) and Calcutta (;j); wlnle .the ~ivisions which have lost schools are Orissa (275) in consequence of the ternble

H

SECONDARY

EDUCATION,

rntllARY

IWUCATlO:fo

PRilfARY

EDUCATION,


c clone which swept over the province i~ Octob~r last a!ld its train of miseries, Ifh~galpur (246) owing to agricultural distress m certam trac~s! !lnd Burdwan (113) owing to the same cause, althoug:h in the l_ast-name_d dlVlslOn the:e. 'Yas an actual increase in the number of pupils. The mcrease m the Dace~ DIVISion is ascribed by the Inspector of S cho?ls to the abs~nce of those ~pecial ~a uses which bad been at work in the precedmg year, causmg a_heavyfallmg off m ~he number of schools and pupils, viz., the unprecedented rise of the wa~er dur~ng the flood season, the inability on the part of Sub-Inspectors and mspectmg pandits to collect returns on account of th!'l censu~ wor_k they_ had had ~o do, _and the prevalence of cholera and other senous epidemiCS durmg the w:mte~. In the Chittagong Division it is said to have been the result of the classifi.catwn of many "Koran schools" and elementary pr!vate ~chools of the preceding year as lower primary schools, as a result of theu hav~ng adopted the departmental standards. '!'his step, however, has caused a falhng off under the two former heads. As pointed out in paragraph 104 of the !eport. fo~ 1889-90, the indigenous schools of Chittagong present endless dlfficul~Ies m the Vfay ~f accurate classification, and maktabs or Koran schools whwh abound m this division and which now add a little Bengali teaching to. the religious course, and no~ relinquish it, shift about from one class to another with but slight change in their real character. .

Similar reasons possibly apply to some of the other divisions as well; but the reports do not throw much light on the point. Our operations extend over such vast and diversified regions that most of the causes which favour the growth of schools in particular tracts act as checks in others. The partial failure . of the monsoon, for instance, during the year under report, which resulted in a loss of crops in the uplands of Bihar and West Bengal, was especially favourable to agricultural prosperity in the low lands of Dacca, Faridpur, and Backergunge. The same division sometimes strikingly exhibits these two opposite effects of the same cause. Thus Howrah gained schools owing to the 'easy circumstances of the people,' while Burdwan and l\lidnapore lost them because of the high price ·of food-grains. The Presidency Division gained 87 schools during the year, though there was some falling off in Nadia and Jessore "in consequence of the impoverished condition of j;he agricultural classes owing to the loss of crops during the last three years, and to the continued: prevalence of malarious fever, cholera and influenza during the year under report." The loss in the Burdwan Division, it may be observed, would have been a little heavier but for the transfer of a number of primary fund schools from the middle to the upper primary list, as already explained.

Four of the upper primaries .maintained by the department are situated in the Orissa Tributary Mahals and one in the Patna Division. Twelve lower primury schools in the Chittagong Hill Tracts were wrongly classified under this head in the preceding year. They have now been rightly returned as schools aided by the department. .

87. The resolution on the last general Report on Public Instruction decided some important questions in connection with the primary education of native pupi~s. A revision of th_e system of stipends to schools with the view of preventmg them fr?m cart:ru;tg off an ~ndue share of the primary allo_tment was approved; certam_restriCtwns were Imposed on the practice of ullowmg schools aided from the primary grant to teach up to the middle standard; the levy of a ~mall fe~ of ~ ann as to be paid by each candidate for the lower primary scholarship exammatwn was recommended for general adoption, and the proposal for conducting t~e reward examinations, so as. to make the Sub-Inspector of Schools alone reRponst ble for the results, was sanctwned. These decisions, together with other proposals, ba_sed on that !es~lution, were comm~nicated ~o all Inspectors of Schools. and Chairmen of Dtstnct Boards by a cucular m November last ~eque~tmg the form~r to endeavour to be present at the meetings of the Board~ m Vfhwh these quest~ons were discussed, and the latter to favour them with early not1ces of such meetmgs. As the circular in question was issued rather late in the ye~r, reports bav~ not been received from all the districts of the province regardmg t~e changes mtroduced. Some of the Boards have not yet considerilu the suggestwns at all, and those that have accepted them will take years to completely replace the existing system. The little that has been done durin"' the yeur under report will be noticed further on. . "'.


88. 'l'he· following statement shows the expenditure incurred from the rni>~Anr primary allotment by the department and by Dtstrict Boards on account of •nvmw~. schools for native boys and girl8, and of the subsidiary inspecting agency:-

From Provincial From District revenues. funds. Total.

Rs. Rs. Rs. Stipendiary schools ... 97,766 1,77,910 2,75,676 .Non-stipendiary schools ... 32,076 2,91,170 8,23,2.JJ> Schools abolished before the close of

tho year ... ... . .. 9,807 7,569 11,376 Chief gurus and inspecting pandits 12,263 78,4i4 90,737 Examination ohnrgos ... 1,096 12,209 19.239 Scholarships and prizes ,,, 7,376 26,068 S9.4H Grants for buildings and furniture 7,006 1,011 8,017 Other payments ... ,, 8,339 23,361 91.694>

Total 1,69,662 6,17,766 7,87,428

Allotment 1,78,798• 6,29,900 8,f•2,098 Savings 9,196 5,594 14,070 -- ---

• Inclusive of t.ho khu mnhU gr&nta.

89. The allotment for primary schools controlled by the department was Rs. 1,30,648, against Rs. 1,43,000 in the preceding year. The decrease was owing to the transfer of the control of lower primary suholarships to the District Boards. 'fhe educational grant for the improvement of Government estates was Rs. 36,144, and the grants for Damin·i-Koh, Banki and Angul were Rs. 7,/iOO, Rs. ·1,253 9.nd Rs. 2,341 respectively. There was, besides, a separate grant from the Government estates improvement fund for the Sonthal Parganas, the amount of which is not known to this office. The totul expenditure from all these funds was Rs. 1,69,662, against Rs. l,li7,311, the savings effected havin,.,. been Rs. 9, 136, against Rs. 21,614 in the preceding year.

0

A sum of Rs. 60,295 was furthAr spent on 428. Jlrimary schools for native pupils and girls, mostly under missionary management, from the grant·in-aid allotment. The Rs. 10,721 shown in the subsidiary table I appended to the end of this report against 123 circle fund primary schools includes contributions from the primary allotment also, the circle grant being in many cases inadequate to meet the cost on these schools. It may, nevertheless, be said that Government expenditure on primary schools for native pupils was, from all the different funds put together, about two lakhs and a half.

90. The expenditure from district funds amounted toRs. 6,17,766, against Rs. 5, 79,595, the savings under this head having been Rs. 5,53!1 only, against Rs. 34,434 in the preceding year. This indicates a real improvement in the administration of the Boards. Whenever the year closes with a heavy unspent balance, it means· laxity and delay on the part of the authorities in respect of /ayment, and consequent hardship to poor gurus whose income is so small an precarious. The allotment under district funds was Rs. 5,83,673 in 1889-90, Rs. 6,14,029 in 1890.91, and Rs. 6,23,300 in 1891-92. This increase, however, does not mean any actual additions to the resources of the Boards fo1· primary education, but rather a carrying forward of the unspent' balance from year to year. As the savings at the close of the preceding year had been Rs. 34,434, the real allotment for the year under report appears to have been Rs. 5,88,866, including the additional grants for lower primury scholarships, the control of which is now vested in the District Boards. The complaint still continues that the sources of revenue placed at the disposal of the Boa1·ds are not only not capable of any material expansion, but in some cases have shown a heavy falling off.

91. Another satisfactory feature in the administration of the primary · allotments during the year, as revealed by a further analysis of the foregoing table, is the decrease in the amount paid to stipendiary schools from Rs. 2,8ti,267 to Rs. 2,75,676, or by Rs. 12,591, and an increase in that spent in rewards to non-stipendiaries from Rs. 2,66, 708 to Rs. 3,23,245, or by Rs. 56,537-a fact which evidently shows an extension of the payment-by-results system, t~e desirability of which was discussed at much length in the last report. Agam, the number of stipendiary schools declined from 6,670 to 6,2H, or by 426, while that of non,stipendia~y schools a~vanc.ed from 33,842 to ~4,4.90, or by 648. The average earnmgs of a stipendiary school from Provmcml and

II 2

PRn!ARY

ED110ATION,


· · d uch the same as in the previous year (about Rs. 44), di~~fic!h~~not a ~~~-:ipendiary was Rs: 9·4, against Rs. 7·9. The cost per pupil w I he £ f om 1 rur)ee and 5 annas to 1 rupee and 6 annas, and in t e ormer rose r d · tl F

· th 1 tt ose from 6 annas to 6·6 annas urmg 1e year. rom that m e a er r · d' · t h b · t f · w therefore the non-stipen Iaries appear o ave een every pom o vie ' ' . . b t . d b treated with greater consideration, and their claims et er recogmze y increased rates of rewards. .

1 f b d · 1

92. The municipal contribution to prrmary schoo s o~· . oys a_n gir s f R 20 411I·n the precedina year toRs. 24:,98!. This IS a satisfactory rose rom s. , " l' h · t f · d shows that the municipalities are now more a Ive to t e Impor ance o sign, an . f 1 ] f 1

k. fficr'ent provision for the educatiOn o t 1e poorer c asses o peop e rna mg au . · f h B d D' · · dwelling within their limits, though the Commi~~IOner o. t e ur wan . IVISr~n desires to emphasise the fact " that munici~aht1es co!ltmu~ to be too hbe_ral m the matter of secondary educati?n, and_ too mg:gardly m ~heir. g.rants to pr~mary schools " The difficulty experienced m previOus years m ardmg the primary schools,in the amalgamated area of the town of Ualcutta was brought to the notice of the Commissioners in Nover;nber last, and they appea~ to have resolved to put a· stop to the anomalies noticed before. The followmg extract from the Calcutta report of the Inspector of Schools, Presidency Circle, throws sufficient light on the point:-

"Correspondence was in progress with the Chairmnn, u,nd?r instructi~ns from the Director of Public Instruction, for laying down some general prm01ples on wh10h the two grants, municipal and departm~utal, should. be jointly admi~is~ered on behalf of primary and female educntion. The munimpal grant, rt should seem, IS mtended for the old suburban iracts which were amalgamated with Calcutta under Act II (B.C.) of 1888. Primary schools for boys and girls situated within these tracts receive rewards from the department under the payment-by-results system; .and most of them get grants from the municipality also, not by any recognized test of efficiency, but according to SD;Ch standard as may suggest itself to a Ward Commissioner. No reform in the present praotwe could be effected last year; but it may be hoped that from the current year a way will be found for the joint administration of the two funds, the test of· efficiency being dep111'tmental aud payment municipal, or partly municipal and partly departmental. ·

" The Secretary to the Corporation has furnished the Deputy Inspector with a statement of educational grants made by the municipality during 1891-92, too late, however, fo1• inclusion in the returns already submitted. It shows that the Corporation spent on schools, both primary and secondary, situated mostly within the added area, Rs. 4,764 in all du1-ing the year, of which Rs. 2,369 was on account of the year 1890-91 and Rs. 2,395 Oil' account of the year under report. The allotment was Rs. 3,000 as before.''

. 93. As rell?ark_ed on preyio~s occa~ions,, district authorities manifest every varrety of practice m apportwmn15 thea· prrmary allotment between stipends and rewards. The proposals made m paragraphs 77-82 of the last report for revising the system of stipends, whir.h received the general approbation of Government, may be briefly stated as follows :-Stipends might continue to be given to upper primary schools, provided the amount so a waded did not absorb an undue amount of the grant for primary education. In the case of lower primary school.s it was proposed to recognize three classes :::-(1) those that are well estabhshed and numerously attended and have sufficrent fee-receipts to secure their continuance: for these no stipends were thou.,.ht necessary· (2) schools in b~ckw~rd tracts ":,here, ?nless a substantial stip;nd of Rs. 3 ~r Rs. 4 were given, .rt ":ould b~ Imp~ssible to secure the maintenance of a school: these should be mamtamed With stipends and the fees of pupils; (3) schools intermediate between the two former, whose stability would be insured by the promise of a small stipel!d paid by way of retaining fee, in sums of from Rs. 3 to Rs. 6 a quart~r, whwh should be regarded as advances payable out of the reward that

. they m1ght afterwards earn at ~~e examinations. These and the Local SelfGovernm~nt rule that "_no addition should be made to the list of sti endiar schools Without the sanction of the Director of Public Instruction" are i~tendel .first, to check the tendency shown by some districts to l'eplace the reward fYstem ~!together by tl~at of stip~nds, ~nd, secondly, to set free a part of the d~n~s hitherto ap~ropriated by stipendmry schools for aidin.,. the non-stipenb 1an~d on a more hberal scale than before, their efficiency having been proved

e_yol? the shadow of a doubt by the results of the examinations The E~s~r~ct Bo~rds of the 24-Parganas, Nadia, and Jessore in the p

1.e;idency

~v~s~on; o H?oghly, Burdwan, Birbhum, and Bankura in the Burdwan Dr vision; of Ch1ttagong, 'l'ippera and Noal>hali in the Chittagong Division;


and of Patna, Saran, and Darbhanga in the Patna Division, are reported already to have accepted these recommendations more or less, and great changes are expected, in consequence, to take place during the current year in the administration of the primary allotments in those and <Jther districts where similar lines of action may be taken. The subjoined statement compares, district by district, the amount spent in stipends and rewards, and shows how far their ratio to each other has had to do with the real progress of primary education:-

l'RlliARY

EDl'CATIO~.

Presidcuoy a ion.

Calcutta

Burdwan sion.

DISTRICTS,

1

{

2-i--Pnrganas

Divi- ~t'~~~~o ~:: l\huhtn ... llurshidnba.d ·••

Toto.l for tho Di\'ision

{

BnTdwnn ... llnnku1-o. ...

Dlvi- l_lirbhmu ••• ?tli1lnnporo ... Hooghly ,., Howrn.b ...

Total for tho Division

• R~jslmhi IUtugpur

{

Dinnjpur

.R.n.Jshahi Division Bogrn. l'nbnn DrU'jccling Jn.lpo.iguri


. . . Furidpur 0" . tDRCClL ooo .,.

Dncro DIViSlOD ... Hnckergnngo ... Mymcusiugh .. o

Totnl tor tho Division

~ -'-E"i! ~ Nt'liDER oF PtrPILS r.usBo .u rna-"'E~ it 8. a- L 'i ='<-E "' • ~ ·- ~ ~ 'l! --~cSd 0

.ll ]-c~r;o !;" " ~-~ ""; .s~~-= .!l~ ~

~. .9 "=' ~o.~ t'" e-·~ UElU.Blt&.

1 ~a • e!l e·~ ·-=..,B 8 ..; .; 0 !!.~ g ~ !!.-;; 1a ;; ].§~~ ~· ~ I~ ] I ] •• t~ • g·· .. t;-~

OCQ .. E] ··- ~ ~ e.:..:: ... ~ ;;-;. ,s-:l .. "'!~ ... ~~ .. " "' "' "'

3 • • 0 7 8 0 10 11

Rq, Rs. Its. R"o '1,o3-lo .,, 111,28~ 2G,:ilO ftS OflT 8.~:?15 4,M! .,, &,53-lo ... 7 ,-i'!U 12,11113 2D 1:10 G-U 0 ;t;o ,,, 8,:!2!1 ,., 0,76& H,£...0 M 1~>5 l,Ol..'i S:w~ •oo 0,11'18 ooo• O,R:Id 13,019 81 7:\ Pl7 7,0111 , .. 3,628 ... 0,6U6 10,:'12t M S03 2,0&:~ 1,1127 , ..

... ~~-~ 77,0015 2:!7 I l,tlMI 8,21[1 I lli,Oj:l,--:-:---000 ~~1 __ .. _. _ __2!~ 7.ust o I no ~-n Mil ... _

8,1180 ,,. 1S,Il7S 22,~0 1SO (tq.lo S,fiSO rl, 16.'> ... 7,11\S ... 8,3M 16,621o 120 43:t 3,1~6 3,!Uio ... l,IIS{) ... &,1102 7 ,t;.'l.2 U..'l 11\0 ],0-10 1,Nd11 ,,

lO,M9 ... 2'!,~3.$ SS,ns-lo 210 1,:!~ 4,ont 13,t1 ~'! ... G,O:i9 ... 20,G02 26,t>tl1 62 3:.11 3,n~'fl ot,flSil ,,.

••. __ •.::·::":.:'+-:.:··...:· -{-....:'::.·':.:".:.2 9,?70 3!) 171 1:1:)7 2,\lill 000

... 1-...:"":.:::·""'~1-...::···~ _.::'":.:·::S30:.:...1 ....:'.::"~·""'::::.+1 __ •:.:•::•_1 __ .::•·::.'"":::.11 _.::"::·:.'"':.:...:1-:.•'::·'::'.::' .11.~~~··:.· _ 825 .,, 7,004 (a) 7,S~O 18 M3 1,7!'1-• l,'Ti'S .. , (a) F.'lt:~lmll'!l R•. S!I!S

2,0® ... O,S.U 12,018 67 313 (b) 2,r.ta (r) 1,1'>117 ... pt\ltl to nholblwd 8,678 ... 6,MG 15,1:19 51 291 tllH 11:17 ... Jlrunzur arhool!lo 2,150 •

2 .••

830 2,1\lll ·i,S.U 3U 1H 1,2ll.'l 1,5:1~ ... (b) 'l'lm nnm1H'

4,009 8,0';1 13,070 109 3~ ti.::SG l,H~ ... lm"wtlln stuwltm 1,01/U 12 10-i 1,6:16 2 1l ... 3 ,. 0 uf(ht•rtbnnAI!411~ 3,810 ... 2,150 5,\HJO 0 H7 2M 241l .,, (r) 1fhl' nmn1w

---------------------------------- pa•s•>tlln Rln1ulan ... 24-,R-~tJ 2,8:11 36,960 00,590 I 2~1 I (d) t,r,o7 7,tOS I 7,003 lowt•r tbnn 11 \11 ------------------------- 4,U10o

(d) ln~lndrt111 4!'1-\ 0,770 ooo 1:!,fHI9 1fl,G4~ R1 7S6 S,2rl!l 8,4:10 boy11 \11111~1..~1 Iron 7,133 ,., ti,HG;; 13,\!fiS 7tl 4~2 1,7·1tl :!,•11~ '371l !lt'contlnry nml 6,1-lO oo• H,MHJ 20,ID~ 100 O·~'i 8,\WIG 4.:i~·l ... UJlJM'r primary

ll,GO:S ,, B,t•G~ 10,5156 100 BtU 1,:~ :i!,t•M 173 lcboollo

... Sl.G581--.. -.- 4:!,29ll ~~--;;--~~--1;;:;;-~(tt) Inr1ndlng 1l' -------- ----------------- Rlrl'i from l<nY••r

Chittngong 610U, t

Chlttng(lng ooo ... Dh·i· Nunkhuli ... .. .

Tippcnl ... .. . Cbittngong Hill Tro.ct.s

7,21S G,ti77 O,tliH •w

0 ••• SS<l

4,7n 8,1102

17,6:.6

11,0~ H,7i!l 2-1-,2'\!1

""

1,7!10 1,7!111 2,Ui..Jo

1,!>Sil 8,11!10 G,UU7

Jlr\mnry Rrho(•IR nntl 7~1 hoyHnUtl :IV N'lr\11 from UJlJH•r pdmnry !lf'ht14.•IM, n•ul uxrludhl~ 1 prho.tu 11tudl•nt.

Totn.l for tbo Division

{

Pntn• ... Gnya ... Shuhnbn.d

Patna. Division •o• Saro.n Cho.mpnron MuzniTurpur

LUo.rbhu.ng~~o

Totnl for tho Division

(Bh(lgnlpur ...

Bhfl.gn.lpur Divi·l1 ~~l~;~~J:;r ;;;

sion. Mn.ldu. ... Southo.l Pargo.nn.s

Total for tho Dh·ision

fCuttnck ... ooo

Orissa Division ... I r~l~ .. oro ::: :::

LOrbsu. '1'ributary hills ••O ...


IHnzlu·iM~~;b

Chntn Nngpur Lohardnga. lhvislon. l'uliun"u

1 Sin~hbhum LMu.nbhum


8,415 100 10,012 H,S27 s1 1,551 s,.nn G/lqt ... ~,-i:!B ,,. 6,1::00 lO,i!SG 311 :iR1 2,11!13 2,:,~.6 .,, 0,475 2,tt31t 8,506 5:3 2~tB U::07 U~t7 .,, 2,-l.'}:! 1:201 S,:!G~ 10,7~0 27 1,&16 Vi''-' 4,110 ooo &,602 ... 3,102 S,tlilo 10 2i~.! l,:l!lti 1.''~17 .. o

2,621 ... 4,7SS 7.-IU• 10 377 Ut17 1,:-J.',O ... l,7:SS 1,737 10,571 12,300 lS 203 1,Gil ~.o:•6 ...

... ~62!) 3,~18 46,106 7~, 736~~~ (/) -i,lt17 --;;m~~~--.-.·. - (/} F.'IClullln!f fl~ -------- ----------- ------------ prlvn~• rnu•lltllltl•"

4,7s2 .... 8,4-lO 8,2:\1 41 2M 6~R J. 10 r.7 .. . 5,\!0-t. ,., 8,73~ 13,1142 81 676 1,1\W ],t:ti:J .. .. 3,:!37 ,,. 3,\IST 7,:!2-Jo 0 1!SS o651 1,:1:!7 .,,

ou 3,1178 .,, 3,:!M 6,&'!.1 M JU\1 47-6 l/~l:l ,.,

nntl ioclull~ng 1!S girlf,

... ~--·-·0-~~-~____:::_~ t,••ao, .. . 21,332 ... 27,CI:"t3 4..'1,3-I;Q 1117 (g) 1,001 4,1\~7 7,tt· .. !U I ..... (g) E'll"lntlcl 11

:--'--!-..::...::.-!_.:....;..::.. ----____ ----------- lt'irlA fru1n bor"'

M~

6,3n ~.601 n • .-~5

J.I.,1G7 4,132 7,00tl

10,6'\8 7,7a3

12,-1J1

07

" •• 1,5.11

!ill 1,:t71

3,:',!'17 l':!l

1,'.l~·

7,';07 1,7 II t,wa

~Jelioola,

... ~--··-·-~~,_::_~~--s·n , __ ._··--t6,2u-to I ...... 2G,R:JtJ -U,l!W 222 (h) a,auo r..r.G7 I:!,111HI ... (M lnrludroA 6 boy

---------------------------- trom tiJlfX'r Jlrl

11,515 ... 2,222 ll,i7U ... :mJ 2.·~!.3 ..... 201 9,7G2 .... ...

11,1t'-lo I ..... 2,~1

••• ~~--.-•• - 5,237 I

13,7:17 1:!,1"13

2,t>:U 9,7t;2

13,:\:i.!l

61,8:!)

Sl .. 6

" 11

'""

wnry Jdtoollo 10~

817[- 1,70!:1 --.• -.-

f'RiliARY

BDUCATJ0K.


The examin~tion results in the above table I:ave been given in th~ divisional returns on no uniform plan. So!De have grven the :flgures for prrmary schools only, while others have included the results of the sec.ondary schools as well. Some have excluded . g.irls altop-et~er,. others have .Included them. As the table is intended to exhrbrt the drstrrbutron of the pn';Ilary allotment between stipends and rewards, and the progress of each drstrrct as compared with the ratio the sums spent under these two heads bear to each other, .the results of all primary fund schools, of whatever class, both for boys aJ?-d grrls, would have been a better basis of comparison. In the absence of any mforma· tion which would have enabled me to recast the figures in this lipht, the results in columns 6 and 7 have been, for uniformity's sake, ~ept cons1stent v.:ith the upper and lower primary examination tables to be grven later on. Grrls and candidates passed from hi()'her gr·ades of schools have been as a rule excluded, except where the contrary has been indicated by notes in the column of

remarks. "d I · a· · t 94. Advance rewards app'ear to have been par on y m seven 1stnc s, viz., Pabna and Darjeeling in the Rajshahi Division, Chittagong_ and Tippera in the Chittagong Division, and Pat?a, Saran, and Darbhan~a m. the Patna Division. Durjeeling, Chittagong, TIJ?perat and Patna spent m .th1s ~hape too little, however, to be regarded as hav1r:g grven the sy~tem a £au: trral. ~J:e District Boards of the 24-Parganas, Nadra, and Jessore m the Presrdency Drvrsion and of Noakhali in the Chittugong Division have also resolved to introduce it from the current year, while the Balasore Board are disposed to wait and see how the system works in other districts before adopting it in their own. As the number of stipendiary schools in Orissa is very small, the Joint-Inspector does not see any immediate necessity for departing from the existing practice of paying rewards at the close of the year, which has worked so successfully in his division.

95. In 9 out of 48 districts the amount paid in rewards is many times as great as that given in stipends; in 8 districts it is almost double. In 11 districts more, viz., Nadia, Khulna, Burdwan, Bankura, Howrah, Bogra, Noakhali, Ilfonghyr, Purnea, Puri, and Balasore, the amount spent in rewards, though not so far in excess of the amount spent in stipends as in the first group, was never· theless higher. The remaining 20 districts gave more in stipends than in rewards. They include all the five districts of the Chota Nagpur Division, the Orissa Tributary MaMis, the Chittagong Hill Tracts, and Darjeeling, where the extremely backward character of the localities justifies the preference of stipends to rewards, and Calcutta, in which the house-rent is so high as to make it impossible for a guru to work without a fixed monthly g7an~ at .least to cover this amount. T~ere. is no. reason, however, why d1stncts hke Jessore, Rangpur and Jalpa1gun, Farrdpur and Mymensingli, Chittagong, Gaya, Shahabad, and Champaran, and BMgalpur and Maida, should not adopt the payment-by-results system, which has proved so successful in the neighbouring districts of the respective divisions on a more extended scale, and, as I have already said, some of these districts have already accepted the .recommendations made for this pw·pose. The Chittagong Hill Tracts and Smghbhum are the only districts in which nothin()'' was spent in

- b; rewards. An ~xamin.ati~n of the figures shows !hat a preponderance of stipendiary

schools m a drstnct does not necessarily rmply superior educational progress but rather the reverse. Thus the 24-Parganas, where the rewards amounted to nearl:y three times as much as the stipends, passed 967 candidates at the l?wer pnmary examination, and Mur~hidabad, where their amount was only a h~tle less than double that of the strpends, 305, while J essore, in which the st1pen~s exceeded the rewards, passed 155, and Khulna, in which rewards 11nd stipends were nearly equal, passed 73 only.

I have ad~pte.d success at the lower primary scholarship examination as the only CJ:rteno? o! progress. For, as on the one hand it would be useless to combr?e w1t~ rt the. results of the upper primary schools, by far the most part of wluch are m rece1pt .of fixed stipends it would be misleadin()' on the. other. hand, ~o take into account the number passed by standard bA 01•

B, lD wlu~h puprls from stipendiary schools were evidently not examined. As stated m paragraph 81 of the last report, it is essential to the progressive

OF PUDLIC I~STRUCTION, 55

development of lower primary schools, that they should all be encouraged and rruu•nr

required to compete at the A and B standard examinations, though in the case •o~cu1o~. of the stipendiaries no rewards would be earned by these results.

On the whole, we may fairly conclude that there is little ground for the contention that " the stipendiary pathsulas are the backbone of our primary education system," and that the non-stipendiary pathsalas have therefore no higher work to do at present than "swell the bulk of our primary returns." That the majority of the stipendiaries are, on the whole, more efficient than most of the non-stipendiaries is due, first, to the practice hitherto followed of admit· ting those schools to the stipendiary list which have shown good results year after year; and, 8econdly, to the better financial position and greater stability of these fortunate few.

96. The question of fixing a maximum as well as a minimum amount of rewards, of refusing to recognize, for instance, a school earning loss than 4 or 5 rupees as rewards, and of not paying above a fixed sum, say Rs. 50 a year, has been considered by some of the District Boards, and the principle adopted with slight modifications. In the 24-Parganas the Board has resolved to fix Rs. 120 and Rs. 100 as the maximum, and Rs. 10 and Rs. 4 as the minimum scale of rewards for upper and lower primary schools respectively. The Nadia Board will withdraw fixed grants from all upper primary schools with less than 30 pupils, and all lower primary schools with less than 25 pupils, and pay Rs. 72 as maximum reward to the former and Rs. 60 to the latter class of schools, Rs. 5 being the minimum in all cases. The District Board of Balasore has adopted the Joint-Inspector's recommendation to fix Rs. 3 as the minimum reward for a pathsala. Nothing has yet been reported of the stops taken by the majority of the Boards in this direction. '!'he obj oct of excluding those schools which fail to earn even so small an amount as .Rs. 3, Rs. 4, or Hs. 5 a year, on the results of the reward examinations, is to prevent the frittering away of our limited resources on pathsalas which are too inefficient and ophemornl to deserve any support.

97. The Assistant Inspector of Schools, BMgalpur Division, notices with regret the continuance of the practice of giving rewards to stipendiary schooh in the district of the Sonthul Parganas. "Such payments," he says, "at the sacrifice of deserving non-stipendiaries cannot be justified, however strong the ground may be, that the district is backward in point of education." It may be hoped that this anomaly, pointed out more than once in previous reportM, will be put a stop to by the district authorities at an early date.

98. The details of " other payments" (see table in paragraph 88) are given below:-

Contributions to middlo sc!Jool• ... .. . Contributions to khns mnhH, circle, and other schools Stipends to gurus in guru-training classes Commission for money-orders ... Contingencies and miscellaneous

Totu.l

n.. l,SSS 6,839 2.883 0.480

... 16,109

... 31,69·.&.

It is satisfactory to.find that these charges have declined from Rs. 34.,078 in the preceding year toRs. 31,694, in spite of some rise in the contributions to khas maMl and circle fund schools (from Rs. 4,139 to Rs. 5,8~9). Tho increased contributions to circle schools wero owing to a redistribution of the circle grant during the year and consequent reduction in some of tho divisions, which was made up by grants from the primary allotment. There were altogether 345 circle fund schoolM during the year, of which 2<!2 were middle vernacular, 107 upper primary, and 16 lower primary schools, all returned as 'aided.' The circle pandits get from R~. 15 to Hs. 25 a month, and are paid from the circle fund, their services being pensionable .. Thoy have each from two to three schools under thew. The circle gurus, as the lower teachers of these schools are called, get what fees are locally raised, together with small monthly grants from the circle fund, usuully from 1 to 2 rupees a month. When the circle fund falls short of the total expenditure, contributions are made from the primary fund to moot the deficit. The circle schools serve as pioneer institutions in backward localities, where they pave the way

rRUlARY

JIDUCATIOY,

56 nEPORT OF THE DIRECTOR

£or the grant-in-aid system b~ creati~g a tast~ £or educ":tion. 'l'~e pandit !s a peripatetic officer, who, by hts supenor ed~catwn, exercrses e~ectrve supe_rvrsion over the working of the schools under hrm, and takes part m the teachmg, during one or more days in the· week, according to the requirements in each case the boys of the highest class generally accompanying him in his l'Ounds.

'The contributions to middle schools have come down £rom Rs. 2,408 to Rs. 1,383, of which Rs. 1,091 was met from the district funds and Rs. 292 from the Provinci!ilrevenues. They were made chiefly in the Bihar Circle for entertaining gurus in the various model schools to teach the lower classes the full lower primary standard, including mental arithmetic and hazar accounts, after the indigenous method. Small grants occasionally given to middle schools situated in Government estates from the khas mahal £und are also included in the above figures.

The middle schools supported £rom the primary £und have all but dis-• appeared from our returns, being only 5 against 117 in the preceding year,

in accordance with the views set forth by Sir Alfred Croft in paragraphs 84 and 85 of the last report, and the restrictions imposed by Government on the practice of allowing a primary fund school to teach up to the middle standard. Most of these schools used to be returned from the Burdwan and Dacca Divisions; but they were reduced to the upper primary status during the year under report. ·

99. The apportionment of the primary allotments between upper and lower primary schools and the relative cost in ~hese classes of public institutions are shown in the subjoined statement, district by district:-

Dtarntcrs.

ExPENDITURE I NuMnnn op I I ON l'RIMAllY PRIMARY PUND PUriLS IN COST PER 8CIIOOL COST PER PUrJI1

BCllOOLS, BCDOOLB, PRUU..BY BOliOOLS, IN B'C'l'.E.EB, IN ANNAB.

• Allot- '---,--\---r--l---;---\---.---l---,..---mont.1 I I l ~-~-~-~-1~-1-I~J~J~I~ pr1mnry, pnmo.ry, pr1mn.ry, primnry.

R9, Rs, 6,1 i2 20,117

Presldone:r Dlvl· r,~~~~ ::: "' {

21-Po.rgnnn.s ...

liliou, Khulnr. ... ::;

R•. 2U,I'i31 1!11800 1711-n U 1291 11,4117

s,2aD 0,12• 6,057 (),:123

114 1,010 4,800 84,252 tiS'S 10'8 20'41 0'41 118 601 2,2t8 12,'i'OO 47'6 1U'4 10'6 12'1 DO 032 3,2uO 10,302 02'8 14'7 16'~ 6'5

Uunludn.bad ...

Total for tho Divlslon

~ 1 8711 O,H3 2,2(16 8101)1.1

83 1,14'1 8,0-&IS 2UIG72 4ll'6 '1'9 20 6'5 49 480 1,813 12,337 46'2 16'7 20 10'4 ;~~~~-~~~~~~~~~~..:;_!~:-

"' -'"-·"'-"- __ ._,,_,1o ___ •_n.3_o_o ~~--3-'-,7-7n_:--".c.'l_ls+-'"-'.c.·"'-3_:-.....:•;_'·;_• -1-.....:'::..•·;_o -~~~ S'tl

Cnloutta. ... 0,1'12 7,303 10 20-i I ~OS o,.wo I riiS'8 35'8 .17"'7 12'4

Burdwnn elon,

(lJurdwn.n 1 nnnkuro.

Divi•i Birbhum Mldno.pore Hooghly

lliowro.b

------~---1---:----·1----:---1-·:.:...:.... ---... 21!:,11113 8,2GO U,OOO U12 1,1!2 IS,003 29,1G7 rWS 12'11 22' ?'? ... lti,H9 'l,OOS 8,1HB 20ri 9118 IS,77!J 2-i,714 3··· 8'3 10'4 lS':I ... 0,876 2r,D9 IS,l~ 82 557 2,708 12,3il'i 20'2 {1'3 13'7 6'7

::: . ::. ~::~!~ c a) ::~~~ (a) itill i~~ ~:g~ ~:~~ ~k::g ~:~ 2r~o ~g:11 ~r:7 ,,, ,, ll,UOS 2,766 7,0Ho 49 686 21248 2u,OJ.3 50' 11' 19' IS'

'rota.\ tor tho Division ... ~ ~6iift so.s~s 810 '1,627 j 28,ooo 1!:10,207 4~'8 10'6 10•2 0•8 - ----1--••• 8,880 1,018 IS,Olt OS 620 2,373 11,002 80' 11• 7' ... 12,.wu 3,st~o s,ts7 GS 210 1,1oo 7,216 oo· 30• ~s· 18• ... 10,7tJ0 4,270 10,883 83 lilt 217118 ll!,2M lSI' 21' . 2:: t•· {

11!:;:1~~.~ ::: · U.uns-amr .,,

n~jsbahi Division llogro. ... ... 4,761 2,178 2,663 61 20S 2 008 6 970 48' 10' ... 10,774 6,4oo 716lu o6 soo s:·wn s:60o tiO' ~~: z.'· 1~: •.. 1,6114 4!11 1,243 4 33 no M3 ns· 38• 30• ••• __ 7,~ 1,031 +1020 :__35 188 1,0!11 3,808 M' , 21' ~: 16'

... asla2" 2fllo7o 40,620 sao 2,030 1 1s,o41 60,363 --:.;,~ .:-ll--::,::: •. :-l'----::,-3.-l-.:";_.--=------:--1---

1'nbno. ... Durjooling ... Jo.lpo.lguri ...

Toto.l for tho Division

Daccll. Division Furitlpur '" {

Dnrrn ... • ..

'" llnrkt•rgungo llyWtJUIIiJ.lgh :::

'" ~·i':g g~~~ 13,!100 1'1'3 091 IS,1500 27,100 :H'IS 13'0 1'1'8 8'06 ...

31•161 3

•7,1

8,135 157 'i22 IS,77s 1o,aos 87·s 11•2 16•2 7•7

Ohlttngons •lon.

... I I •1 10~3n 110 21osrs 4,218 48 1!97 32'6 7·s 14•3 IS'oJo

... sol101 ~~~1-~oo ~-~ za;ui8 3!1'2 1o·s -1s·o . '1'9

"' 1,04,Sli3 __::_~~ 411,'1-ii GM 4,00. 2:3 18iiS 116,257 80'05 10'1 'Io:o~--6-:;;---1-·-----Totl\l for tbc Divlsic~

Dlvl {~~tlttngong '" '" 17,313 1,t1!l7 'l,2S7 100 MIS 6,230 16,008 40'0 13'0 14"·> •·• • ,IPPeM\ •• , '" 2S,3n3 61822 18,·167 160 2,!it:ll 6,030 158,0S< 3)•a U'·i lO'OO '.

NouklmU ... · 1S,4ll2 4 !:!IllS 0 Rs 1 Ohittal!iuug Bill Trnc't'~ 2,ouo ' 48

1 .. 1u1 ,ss., 3,435 81,3.21 48'4 '1'1 22'8 tS'

-- 4t>8 1 11 21 1115 '.loS' 42'5 36'0 48'S TotaliorthoDivi.sion ll0r.~8 -----~------ ----

... --'-'-~~ SliM~ 14,321S 1051268 4S'll 7'4 17'.11 IS'6 ltl,:!IJ3 3 :l{il) 10 067 27 1 ' 1-·-· ---1-i !W• 4•0!\0 1 ,stu 1,422 2.8 1803 12-1.'4 8'37 37•8 o·s

... . .. Gnyo. ... ... ... Nlmhnbnd 12•iOO s\4_2 ~·.~~~ 3S lll5 2,080 18,3·U 107'5 '1'3 31 •6 6.8

13•31,7 {'101 SO 309 1,6·U 7,792 100'7 12'2 88'3 7'8 11 :oo!l 1;1139 81310 2• 1,1.8~ 114Ho 27,861 too· 7• 27.1 4.'7

r .. ,. ... rn.tnr. l>lvlslon .,, Snrn.n ...

... ... ... . .. tu (1\/l 2 11.,7 7,1-16 lG li83 GUl 141837 101'8 11'41 41'0 8'5 1!i'U31.l t'!lUo 1~·~l' 28 '125 1,038 121\lSO s~·~ 7'4 31'8 o·o

--·-~--·-3 IS 480 8l0 12,780 89'.11 21'8 31'0 l3'S

Oll,'i63 l8,ll51 G3,7S3 --m-6.0W~ 12:1,01& 104'7 ---;.a---s;:sl--;:8

l Chnmro.rnn ... . .. l\l111.nl nrpur ... . .. Dtubhu.ugo. ... ...

Totnl for tbo DIYision ... • E.s:cludiug tho o.llotmant for subordmatc inspootmg agency.

~~~~-~h~~bovo lncludos thoso schools for boys nnd girls only which were in ~ipt or aid from the primary lund. nc u mg rewards for 1500-91, pnid tlftcr tho closo or tho year.

Pt~ldency a ton.

OP PUDLIC INSTRUCTION, 57

ExPB~DtTt"RB I Nr~n•n OP I PM"IUI IN \COOT rRR SCROOL CoST M:R

0!'1 l'lUlU.RY I'RilUR'\" PU:ID I'RUIART UC ll\."I'BES. l'l"I'IL I~

I!ICDOOLS. IICJIOOLS. 8Cll001.8. .A.N:f.U.

DIBTBicrs. •.\llot· went. I I I I I U I Lowor I Up~ I Lo~r Upper. Lower. Uppor. Lower. Urp~r. Lower. prirJ.:".r pri· pr•· Jlri· ! ' IDIH)", lllllrS', mary,

-----o---Ro. n •. lb.

(Rh6.crnlpur ... to,n.,-,. 2,ll09 ~.3~'! "' 417 '·"" P,2itl ]113'9 ll'tl ••• S'T 8htum1pur Dlvl· I Monghyr ... lll,R-'...5 1,0.10 1~.01::! •• 6<4 'iH ]3,G..'i7 lltl'li ,.,, .... ... l Purnt'a ··~ D,·UO 1,0!11 0,1:1:1 H ... GO::! 'i,f~'! 'iS' t~· :w 13'0 &ion. Mn.llln •• 8,671 8,!'.112 8,241 ~' ··~

2.~.01 o,:.~o G7'7 21'1) ..,. .. Sonthnl Pnrganas l11,3M 8,8<J() 7,NtU .. Sl.l'! 11,:!~1 7,1-..IS .,. Ui'3 ,_,. lri'7 -----------------------Total for tho Division ... M,Ul l:I,SS'! (a):U,Ci'lA n• 1,1»::1 7,607 4-'l,llll.:l 7ti'O 17'7 l!S'.S 1:1'6 ------------------------

{Cntt11ck ... ... !2,~:1 4.0~ H,fiSO 110 S,1RS 3,~'::! ·'-".~lO .... .'7 Hl'!J ... Orissa. Division •• l'nrl .•• ... o.~ 2,1117 4,711(1 ,, O;~ 1,:1~·· ~.lth M'G !:11 ., .. ••• Bnt .. soro .,, 1l'I,OS3 ... ~:! fi,070 TO 1,1138 1,711S }l),3itl ... . .. . 0'7 ------- .. .._, I ····· , ... , ""''M --Total for tho Division ... 411,798 '11,837 27,846 ... .... • •• 0'011 ---Orissa Tributary Mab~11 ... ... !!,ROO " 00 ,, ... 1 1:?9 18 1,-l.ql oo· -----

rRntl\rlbAgh ... 111,2·U 1,859 11,720 "" ""' 1,·~7 10,!D'i! ot·o .... 11l'R 1Si1 I.olmrd11ga ... H.~so 1,t'i11 1u,res ,. 3~7 61.13 !i,l\Nl )00'7 3:1'-6 .... " Cbo~~ Nagpur l'nlilmlm ... S,IM -6113 !,lU 0 7> !:l'i! !,1M &!'1 2-.~·u ,.. 15'8

Dnlslon, lSin~thbhum ... n,:tto 1,·1ot)3 s,s:m !1 .,. 1,~-U D,l.o'H Ctl'.!l .. IS l3'li Mnnbhum ... H,tHii 2,100 li,:UID 81 fi·.·· 1,tli .. l3,uPt'i 'ZO'fl .. .• 3>1'7 l3'R -------------- 43,:tu71--,;;-----Total for tho Division ... GS,810 7,<61 +l-.,101 IPS 1,M7 ol,U.W .... lWS 10'3.

• Excluding tho nllotmont for aubordinnto Inspecting ngonoy, N,B,-Tho nbovo includes tboae sobools for boys and ghll onl,y which woro In rcorlpt of aid from tho prfmary fund, <•1 The expenditure on upper and lower primacy schools dOC3 not lncl\lde Rs. 476 paid to mission achool.a nud lnrlUllcd In tho

tnblt~ n Ptu118rnph OS.

The total expenditure, including, as it does, prizes, examination charges and various other items, is far in excess of what was paid to the teachers of upper and lower primary schools. It will thus be seen that the total of columns 3 and 4 will be in most cases short of the amount shown in column 2. The table has been recast in its present shape in accordance with the wishes of the Government expressed in the last Resolution.

The ratio of the cost in upper to that in lower primary schools varies from district to district. In Khulna and Jessore, for instance, an upper primary receives about five times as much as a lower primary, while in the other three districts of the Presidency Division an upper primary does not receive even quite three times as much. The disproportion, however, between the cost of upper primary and lower primary schools is not really as great as it at first appears to be. Upper primaries, being the best schools of the primary status, are for the most part aided, while a large portion of the lower primanes receive little or no aid whatever. The inclusion of these unaided or scantily aided schools in the returns bas therefore had the effect of lowering the average cost per school, An efficient lower primary often earns, in rewards or stipends, as much as an upper primary school.

As regards the cost per pupil, the ratio is certainly not so high. This 1s due to the fact that an upper primary school is numerically about twice as strong as a lo~er primary, having 36·9 pupils on an average against 21·9 m the latter.

100. The following table shows the number of pupils in each district in the different stages of primary instruction, and compares its relative position with reference to the progress made in this respect:-

PUPILS llf LOWBR PBIIIAUT IIT.lOB,

Pupit.a In np)XIr Population of sohool..golng primaz atn!fo. B..:-ndlng printed Not n>ndln~t Total, .... ll8 In Jo; umtton bookl'l, n&in prlntrod bouk111

DISTBICT8o General 'l'ablo V, Edurntlon General aa In Edurntion 'l'nblo V. Goucrul Tablo V,

Males, 1 Fomnl~s. I Toto.l, I Boy a, I Glrlt.l Bo11. I Girl•. Doya. Glrll. Boy a. Glrla.

t-&R,m ]~.418 2fl3,fl011 4,m! 87 8{1,~1 2,0M 111,6-SO 1,'1'~ t.ifl,173 4,U1 ... 17n,on l,ll30 .. 20,G!I:J SI<J 10,riGl "' 3:.1.1~3 1,1!.1)

. Khutna 02,6l.17 83,050 D1vi- Murshidabnd

... 00,810 00,7!.1:! 187,6-U 1,9U 20 13,0117 "' 8,1~kl U3 1!1,1~~ , .. ...

283,323 :t,%01 10 17 ,05-lo 1,2··'3 f!,~L· ""' 2.'"·,1-W 1,011 Jcssoro 141,200 H2,12lJ ... 870

rRUI.\R\'

&DUOA.'fJOX,

lU('tlt Po•r. mnrkll. run log

HU,t!OO ., ~~.~.711 f'l'fl l'll!,~i.ll :<lrl 72,0111 f.','"

..

r~ l'nrgonas

Nadiu. ... 1!0,322 1ifi,2M 2411,016 2,1l00 17 13,UIJ3 J,..M B,lltH.I Hl,i-40 2,J:i.1 OJ,-47'4 ·u·u , _____ i"""'ii'' --;;;:;:m ----..;'"T ... 'ilf'W:;-Total for the Division ·~··~ 68-',1172 ),17!'1,032 I 12,474 1W.~02 ll,ltl-1 .... U,:!·i-:1 I 87'-t ...

·----~-. I--;;- 10,31-6 T 3,0:.10 2,673 1

1l.tJj Calcutta. ... .. . ... 07,011 36,22~ 1W,t33 I 4,0711 1ll,M:t o,wo I OP,OO ~ ... l


rRIMARY ~====================~~=================r====~==,;P:UP;,I~U::IN;:L:OW;S:B::PB:I~M:A:B~Y:ST:.~G~S~.==========r=~==~~ Pupils In 1~..:._-----;-------J IIDVCATlOl( upper primary]·

IHmgc, ll9 in Education

PopulAtion or achool-going .... Beading printed Not rending General Table V.

books, 0.11 in printed boo~s. EducatlonGonero.l as In educatton

Tablo V, General Table V,

Total,

I Gl I D I Girl. Doy.. I Girll. Boy•· I Girls. llnloe. Females. Total, Boys, r s. oy•, ·

l'lrerlt Pt~~ .. m.o.rks, ccntage,

--------~~~~~~~~~~~~~--~-----L-(0) ThP. divisJoual figures mcludo some schools and pupils not shown tn the dlBtrJC't returns. • B~:olualvo of pupils in tl10 primury stages of secondary schools included in the divisiouat totals. t EJ.olu1ivc of pupils in tho prlmar.r stages of secondllry schooll includud in the divisiontt.l totals,

In the corresponding table in previous reports (vide paragraph 92 of the last report), the merit marks were calculated on the number of schools in each di~trict, by assigning five marks to each upper primary, three marks to each lower primary that had reached the scholarship examination standard, .and one mark to each lower primary in which printed books were used. The position of a district was t.hen ascertained by its merit marks, without reference either to the density of population or to the number of pupils under instruction in the different stages. This has now been changed in conformity with the wishes of Government, and marks have hePn given at the above rate on the number of pupils in each district in the different stages, and the progress of the district has been ascertained by the ratio of those marks to every hundred of the population of school·going age. This is undoubtedly a surer test, and the ).'esults of the com! parison are altogether different from what were arrived at in previous years. 'l'hus Hooghly now occupies the highest rank with its percentage at 71·5 Howrah, Calcutta, and Hankura following close behind it with 69·9, 68 and 65·1 re~prcth·~ly. Butthese~ist~ictsoccupied ~he lOth, 30th, 45th and 5th places, respect~vely, m o~der of merit, m the preceding year. The progress made in the Chittugong Hill Tracts, Purnea and Palamau appears to be exceptionally low. If we proceed to compare the divisions, we find that Burdwan shows the greatest progress with 60·6 per cent., the percentage of othe1· divisions being as


follows:-Chittagong 54 ·8, Presidency 37·4, Dacca 34·!, 01·issa 33·61 Rnjshahi 21·9, Chota Nngpur 18·6, Patna 13·5, Bhagalpur 13.

101. Upper Primary Schools.-'l'hese rt-present the final stage of primary instruction, the highest class corresponding to the third clii.Ss of middle schools, although the course of instruction in special subjects is somewhat different in the two classes of schools. The following table shows the attendance and expenditure in upper primary schools for native boys during the year:-

.. , • -;e :5 ~ ExrR:rtDJTIJRR.

•• ! ... • I Prom prlv•to

1 ~a Q From public funds. • tumla. .8 • c• Or..ua Ol' SOIIOOLS, ... e.?> "' • ;i . Tor.Lr.. ~ ·-. • -"' •"' :a •" ~ ·a '9 '0 .- •'ii £! .,i i i .8 !.: Q . :;;,i •a :~ ~· ~ e

E-Sl f.!l a- e- ·= B iE.-4 ~e ~ f·! c3 £:!. e £i .. " ,;;- ..

UppM" Primary Schoola, BAl. BAl. lla. BAl. lla. Rs. Managed by Government ... •• • 118 111 60 1,060 ... ... ... .. . J,OSO

Ditto by District or MnnioipGI Boards ... ... ••• . •. 10 178 .. 7 176 ... ... 111 016 :n l,Oat

Aided by Governmflnt, :i1s Dis-trlct or Municipal H a ... 8,4-H t27,AA8 118,1'\SS 99.~2 '"'·n" 1,33,818 6,700 t,'ro,n..•n Gn,4o7B •• ~.:\ll7

Unaided ... ... ••• • •. ... 7,0S7 o ..• :so ··""" ... ... ... "·""" ..... 10,8"...'1 ------------ ------------Total ... 3,001 1U,sn 12li,.SO 08,11!8 65,7M l,M,GOS •• 818 1,68,236 ti'I,OM •,t.l,IS.

The schools have advanced from 3,537 to 3,661, or by 124, and their pupils from 128,537 to 135,371, or by 61834. With the exception of the Presidency, Rajshnhi, and Patna Divisions, in which there was a loss of 3, 17, and 4 schools, respectively, and of the Orissa 'l'ributary l\Inhnls, where the number has remained unchanged, all the other divisions gained some schools each. The increase of schools, however, does not indicate much real gain, inns· much ns a large number of schools in t.he Burdwnn and Dacca Divisions, which were aided from the primary fund, had to be brought down from the middle to the upper primary list in the course of the year. 'J'he rise in the number of pupils is more satisfactory, the gain in this.respect in the preceding year having been 3,969 pupils only for an increase of 200 8chools. The average number of pupils to a school has advanced from 36·3 to 36·9.

'l'he total expenditure in the upper primary schools increased by Rs. 21,656, there having been a rise of Rs. 993 under Provincial revenues, of Rs. 1,609 under district funds, of Rs. 1,259 under municipal funds, and of Rs. 17,795 under private sources. Chittngong is the only division in which the municipalities do not appear to have spent anything on upper primary schools.

The total average E~nrnings of an aided upper primary school amounted toRs. 122·6, of w1tich Rs. 53·2 was contributed from public funds and 1ts. 69•4 from private· sources. As a good many of these schools nre conducted by two teachers, Rs. 122 a year, about Hs. 10 a month, cannot be considered nn extravagant nll'6wnnce. llfnny of them are residents of the villuges in which the schools are situated, and some of them possibly get paym~nts iu kind, in addition to fees, which are not shown in the returns ns receipts.

102. '!'he following table classifies the upper primary schools for boys according to their numerical strength:-

'0 '0 Soboola witbliO Schools with 40 ISchoolo wllh so I Schnolo with "'l"choolo with 10 '0!1. pupila ond pupila and less puJlils und lll8lll pupila and lou pupil• and lou •"'

j • -.!1"...1 . more, tbo.n 60, 'bu.n 4.0, tbun so. dum~. .. ~~~ DIVIBIOl'JB, a B

~ g •.x

~j .. .. ~ .. ·- t' .. ~ .!i ~ i ~ .!1 ~i~ o;'S. j 8 8 ] ·o.

"' 0. 'il ,c 0. ·o.

~a .!! 0 a 0 u .!! u .!! ~a"' .. ~ .ll .. .. "' .. 00 .. Preatdcnoy .23 1o,m 68 6,8&3 100 """' 180 8,1M "'' 3,07& 13 M7 87'8 ... ...

IS 708 7 4113 ' 1,. • o. 1 "" 3, ... Calcutta ... ...

80,0&& 127 7 ..... 1"' 6,07l~ "'" 8,S'.H ... 6,113 .... t;iM ...

Burdwnn ... 808 ... H,720 •• 3.348 .. s,~tit H:! f,I'I:H "'' 3,-l.311 10 ... 86'-t Rn.jshahi ... ... .I.

Dacca. 671 23,H!ID " 4,ti00 ]CIS 4,4170 2-'IZ 7,M·U 20d 6,117 ... "' M'H ... ... 307 H,7!13 79 ~.11!0 711 S,·l-13 11~ 3,ijjl , 2.1~ I! 210 ..,.

Chittugong ... ... Pj\tDIL 1 •• 9,1170 !18 6,U8 .. 2,3911 "" 1,013 10 .,. ... ... !W3

tih~nlNnr ::: ...

11<7 8,0:1~ •• S.71U 40 l,it\.1 .. 1,117!1 ., 71~· • .. , e·o ... 106 4,\11·1 •o ~,GH3 21 '"' ••• ""' 1U '-'1 • 31 ... .•

Cholo. UKPUr ... 2,11'.!2 ,... 3,~7 .. .... 27'8 Orisso. .,. 7,64(1 9 ••• " ., .. 60

Orissa Tribut.tliY .. 1.729 6 ~" 8 .. I " ""' 21 61. • .. S''G Mu.hnls ... ... ----- - --- - -----i;J21t;,MO

-------Total 8,001 135,371 ... to.u• 631 ~7,672 ],127 3R,210 212 ..... ..... ... I

I 2

I'RUI.\.RT

RDUCATIO~.

rm:uAil'i

BDUCATIOS',


As in the preceding year, by far the largest number of uppe~ p~imaries with 50 pupils or more have been. returned fr~m th.e Burdwan Dlvlslon, the Presidency and Patna coming next m order. 'J he highest average number of pupils to a school is furnished by Calcutta and Patna. 'fhe number of weak schools, with less than 20 pupils, has declined fr?m 235 to 212. The sooner these sickly schools are reduced to the lower pr1mary standard, the better, as it is mere waste of money to encourage schools which are too weak to be of any

use. 103. The results of the upp~r primary scho!arshi~ exaiJ?-ination for boys, so far as candidates from upper pl'lmary schoolt1 (mcludmg pr1vate students) are concerned, are shown below, division by division:-

-I NUli'DBB OF lNSTITUTIOliB BENDING NUl!DBB 01 EXA.MI!BBS. NUIIDBB PASSED J'llOX- RA..CB OB ORBED Ott PASSED

E:r..t.KII'IBBS, Scnouas.

.2 0 I.;: Other "' lmtltnLiona Aided ;;; "" .8 Ahori!rinal

under public inMtitu- Total, • • d ~ fUCI>.JI, in•titutiona. .. .. wunaaomont, tion&. .. 0 . • .:. --. i! • DIVIBIO!'fS,

~ • • t • .. • .. "" • ll "" l ll • d 8 8 8 • ~ • g • ~ "' 8 g ... 0 2 •.: 0

~ • " 'i 'i ~ " " " "' • "' • ~ • • ll X ~ ~ ~· E E "" ~~ "" -~ .. ~ "' • ~ ] ;\1 i j

.. ll :!! ~ i I I I 0~ ~ o• " ~ • .li . ·- .. .s ~ O..o ..

i I ~ i B !I e· !I !i ~ ·- i <? i! ;: t

~ '3 :d ;: ~ ~ :3 "' ..

a a a a >~a g "" ,; I~ .a " :.=.!:! .• • 0

"' Of ~ :ii -~ c'l 0 .c 8 • 8 • 8 • 0 • .s :;; ~ • :;; 0 = ;.; z "' "' "' 0 "' M "' 5

Pr(lsldonry ... ... ... ISO lOZ • 6 280 108 ... 620 so 12 670 ... 211 13 3 227 ... 103 ... 31 .. . ... ... ! ... 7 • 7 • 13 13 a a a ... enlculln ... ... ... ... '2s ... ·es "i'

... '17 ... ... ... ·:; .~ . Hurdw•n ... ... """ .... 13 72< 3!10 ... 1,7:!1S 1,802 ... • •• 7 IU2 ... 621 ... ,. .. . ... ... ... 2.~1i 170 I 1 21111 liS li5D 1 .. IIi IS 272 1 8 281 120 ••• ... ... R.:t.]flhnbt ... '''t ... ... '1 . .. ... ...

1 ... 1 &it 2211 10 11 ~'ll ::sa 1 SuiS ., 8 8ti2 3-'0 16 • 370 208 76 ... ... llU.('('Il ... ... ... ...

ZoO 133 1 210 133 010 2 10 .,7 239 • 2·U m ... 60 ... .. 1 C:hlttaiiODg ... ... ... ... ... ... .. . Pntnn ... I

.... H3 1'6 • '4 '"' 1112 s 3,0 13 IS SG8 • 173 s 2 '"" ... 172 ... 10 .. 0 ... ... ... 118 00 i 2 120 "" litO 3 .. 31< 188 3 6 1117 ... .. lJhlurn\pur ... ... ... ... ... .. . ... ... "'o ? 200 6 2i9 177 ~ 1S7 177 10 11 OriHtm ' • , .. 111 ... ... 110 m ... ... .. ... ... ... .. .

Uri!llln Tiibuto.f.Y • • 1 1 10 14 .. 17 • • •• 1 •• ~ 2 20 3' " Mnhnls ... "s ... '1G ::: "j ... 'ii I_!_ ·a Chou&. r-io.gPUr ... ... 73 .. ... .. . 73 .. 1S1 • 186 ... ton .. . 100 ... - -- - -- - ----.---- 2,02;'" :: 407'!_1_ Totnl 0 • 2,288 l,":J3 .. .. 2,38.i. l,.WS 20 '·""' 207 ...

1

•. GS'I 16 2,318 S7 40 2,491 s .. 7 ... v -~

2,491

.V.D.-(1) One thousand nino hundred nnd ai.t.ty ccutdidntea from 1177 secondnry schools presented themselves at th1s o:a:ammo.tion, of whom 1,1 sn from ~7 schootR wore auccouful, (2j TwolYe cnndidtlk•s from two spcclnl. schoolll nppearcd nt this o:r:nminntion, of whom 10 were &UOC(I!l&htl. •

{3 Two cundhJut&J from nn nidcd trainmg sch-·olfor miatl'('SSOII appuared at ~his exumination, &nd were succcsstul. AU these and S" pupils fr<lm R11rU• tro.inillg olussc:i h11ve boon excluded (rom tbu nbovo table.

Out of 2,381 schools that competed, 1,493 (or 62·7 per cent.) were success· ful, against 1,654 out of 2,449, or 67·5 per cent., in the previous year. Of the 6,6!ll candidates that attended the examination, 2,491, (or 43·8 per cent.) were declared to have passed against 2,8!7 .out of 5,910, or 48•2 per cent. in the preceding year. 'l'he proportion of success has thus been again much lower-a result which I am not disposed to attribute to the causes assigned in accounting for the falling off under middle examinations (vide paragrephs 7 4 and 76). The exceptional circumstances, such as the unusual stiffness of the papers in the Western Circle, and so on, which brought about the heavy failure in the preceding year, do not appear to have repeated themselves during the year under report, and this alone ought. to have been a sufficient set off against the shortness of the session already adverted to. It has been attributed to other special causes, such as the prevalence of malarious fever and other epidemics, und the ravages of the Orissa cyclone. I hope that it was so, and that it was not due to any loss in efficiency or to lax supervision, such as the alarming notes sounded from the 24-Parganas, Howrah and Bankura, that the chief gurus ntlglected their pathsalas in their zeal for inspection, or that the boys sent up were, for the most part, unfit, would seem to indicate. At all events the fact remains-and it is well worthy the most serious consideration-that for the last three yeurs the decline has been rather rapid, as will be clear from the subjoined statement:-

Number Number Number Percentage Percentage of of Number of of of Yua. . of

competmg succcss£ul successful! successful successful •cliools. schools. candidatos. candidates. schools. candidates.

1889.90 2,258 1,600 6,484 s.oss 73•7 65'7 1890·91 2,4·19 1,ti54 5,910 2,847 67'5 48'2 1891·92 2,~81 1,498 5,681 2,491 62'7 48•8

The footnote to the table given above shows that 577 secondary schools sent up 1,960 candidates to this examination, of which 457 schools came off successful with 1,089 candidates passed.. The results in the previous year,


so far as these schools were concerned, were as follows :-competing schools 648, successful schools 524; examnees 2,263, those declared to have passed 1,279. Here, too, there has bE'en a decline all along the line ..

104. The prar.tice of allowing boys of the third class of middle schools to compete at the upper primnry scholarship examination for pass certificates only (they cannot get scholarships), is in vogue mostly in the Dacca, Chittagong and .Hajshahi Divisions. This practice creates a misnpprehension as regards the reol function of upper primary schools, which are not intended to be more feeders to secondary schools, but to give the finishing stroke to primary education, as acquired in village patbsala~. It, moreover, entails some needless strain on the teachers of middle schools who (generally from two to three men to a school) have to prepare boys at once for two different standards of examination, and who, in their anxiety to be equally successful in both, pel'lmps fuil to do full justice to either. As the boys thus passed are not eligible for scholarshills, and as the mei·e pass certificates they obtain are not of much value in the pub ic eye, the discontinuance of the practice would probably not be felt as a loss by the teachers and pupils of middle schools.

105. The middle and upper primary scholarship examinations are conducted simultaneously for each circle under the orders of the Inspectors of Schools. As stated in the last report, the next examination was to have been held before the Durga Puja holidays; but ·the Pujtt taking place early this year, it has been decided to hold it immediately after the vacation durmg tho current year, and before the vacation from the next year.

106. The practice of placing village pounds under the teachers of upper primary schools still continues in the Orissa Division. The Joint-Inspector repeats his opinion that the school-master should be relieved of this work as soon as possible. It adds, indeed, a little to the low pay of the teachers, but they run the risk of incurring the displeasure of the villagers by the unpopular nature of these additional duties. Moreover, in many cases they are unequal to the two-fold duties imposed upon them, and a clash of authority between the Sub-Inspector of Schools and the Pound Inspector mav nlso be feared. With the gradual extension of the system of farming out pounds, upper primary teachl'rs, it may be hoped, will ultimately be relieved of these duties.

107. Lower Primary Schools.-'fhese schools have increased from 43,997 to 44,918, or by 921 1 and the pupils attending them from t142,211 to 987,876, or by 45,665. The comparative statistics of each division for the past two years are given in the subjoined statement:-

1890-91. 1891-92. lnorcnso Dccrenso DIVISION. ,.---A----.. --.. of of

Schoo b. Pupils. Schools. Pupils. schools. schools.

Presideuoy ... 4,188 112,871 4,278 116,211 90 Calcutta 165 7,876 169 8,162 4t Burdwau 9,080 213,166 8,919 210,869 161 Rajshahi 2,430 67,196 2,620 61,814 go Dacca 6,4~4 118,196 6,053 137,263 669 Chittagong 4,406 93,867 4,700 106,782 ~9·~

Patna 6,471 116,066 6,810 128.861 &SO Bhligalpur 8,167 64,74:1 2,901 69,306 266 Chota N agpur 1,610 46,636 1,717 4!1,987 107

276 Orissa 6,968 100,187 6,692 97,878 Orissa. Tributary Mahala 1,03~ 13,078 1,169 14,264 121

Total 43,997 9.12,211 44,918 9s7.876 1,614 o~s '---v--..J

Net increase 921

All the divisions show some gain, except Burdwan, BMgnlpur and Orissa, in which there bas been some loss. The reasons assigned by the inspecting officers for the rise or fall in their respective divisions have already been considered in paragraph 86. It is worthy of remark that aided schools have declined from 36,002 to 35,984, or by 18 (or by 30 if the 12 schools in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, formerly classified as departmental, which have been now returned as aided, be taken into account); and that the gain of the year bas been solely due to the increase under unaid_ed schools from. 7,~80 t? 8,93.1, or by 951. This increase has mainly taken place m th? Dacca Divi~IOn, _m winch there was a loss of 215 aided and a gain of 784 unmded_lower pnmarie~. The ~nsl?ector attributes it to a large number of lower pnmarr, schools m the distnct of Backergunge having been returned as "unaided ' (instead of "aided" as in

l'Uil.IAUY

RDL'CATlON.

PIIDIAllT

I])UCATION,


previous years) owing to the inability of the Distri7t Board to pay them an thing for furnishing annual returns. The most s!ltiB!actory feature of t~e e~r's operations has been an increase of 25,673 pupils m the · aided schools m

;pite of the slight falling off in their number. . . 108. The following table shows !he attenda~ce and expenditure from all sources in lower primary schools for native boys durmg the year under report:-. ..,

~ EXI'BNDITUBB • .Co

!l ~~

g:o~ ~ .a From public lunda • From privato funds,

.!i . ~ g

~ 0 =a a .8 ~ 1 i t

0 0 To'l'AI., CUBS OJ' 8CBOOL8, 1 ... ll 'a~ ~~

.. 0 •• '3 ~ ·~. >a ·a

~ t~ ~; 0 !! ~

• a~ a~

'S!!.N ~. I a~ a"" a ae ~0 ~~ e§ ~.e 0 oo

• •e"' .>: .-;i :z; z ~ .. a .. ... -:/.<XIM'I' PJ"imarr~ Sclwoll, B.a. no. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs.

lfanogcd by Government ... ... ... ... . .. . .. ... . .. ... . .. . .. . .. Ditto by t>i1triot or Munlcipnl

8 12lS 112 72 ... 2(11) •a 8J. 408 Bonrd• ... ••• ... ;" ... Aided by Oov~r_nmont or by Das.

SIS, OS' 8S15,1S08 7li0,040 l!OO,MS 93,369 S,12,80Z 11.618 ll,IS0,706 2,ftll,104 18,99,1579 trict or Muwcap11.l !Jolll"'ls ... Unaided ... ... ... ~

lli2,243 1Sli,94r3 112,003 ... . .. . .. 2,28,323 49,92-l 2,78,2-17 ---Total 44,018 087,870 sse,oms 711,118 05,300 3,U,67l 11,671 18,815,200 8,111,118 21,18,229

'- ~---- '---4,1'1,911 1'1,00,318

The expenditure from public sources amounted to Rs. 4,17,911, against Rs. 3, 71,287 in the previous year. 'I' he increase has been shared by all the different sources-the expenditure from Provincial revenues by Rs. 2,103, that from district funds by Rs. 41,547, and that from municipal funds by Rs. 2,974. 'l'he increased cost to Government has been incurred chiefly in the Rajshahi and Chota Nagpur Divisions, notably in the latter, in which the Local Self-Government Act has not yet been introduced.

'fhe expenditure from private sources has increased by Rs. 1,03,169, which is nearly two and a half times as much as the increase shown under public sources, and which may be mostly set down to the large additions to the number of unaided schools of the year.

The average earnings of a lower primary guru are Rs. 47·2 from all sources -an amount hardly sufficient to maintain a family, however small-of which Rs. 9·3 (or only 12 annas a month) was contributed from public sources, and Rs. 38, or more than four times as much, by the people themselves. As the extremes certainly widely differ, it is hardly possible even to imagine, making the fullest allowance for incorrect returns, how petty the incomes of weak schools are, and how utterly inefficient such schools must be. It has been often urged, and it may be repeated here, that in view of the present impossibility of increasing public contributions to ~n:>; appreciable extent in the near future, the most prudent way to use our hm1ted means best would be to discourao-e schools of doubtful efficiency, in order to set free funds for those that a~e really deserving of support.

109. The following table classifies lower primary schools for boys, division by division, according to their numerical strength:-

1 • 8 • • 8 9 1 10

Schools with n:o School• with40 ISchocla with 30 I Schools with 20 Schools with 10 I ~ pupilsund pupils and le88 pupils and less pupilHIIDd lesa pupils and less Schools wl.th ~

Total more, tbQ.D 110. than to, than 30, tbnn 20. less tba.n 10. Jl.2-a

Total 9d.fi DIVIBIOlU, number number of of pupils,

1

gQ•

schools. i .!i i .!i ] .. i .. ·- 1:'

~ 8 ~ ~ 8 ~ ~~.§ ., ·;;. ~

·;;. ... .., :a "" . 0 ,!! 0 ,!! Q ,!! ... ,!!

.., .. ~ ~s. m ' .. "' "' .Jj . • "' ..

Prt!sldono.r ... ... .. 278 110,211 >o7 1li,R-i9 SilO 1li,IIM 883 20,708 l,l!DS 87,911 1,18lS 1'1,189 Cnlouttn '" ... . .. 11)9 8,162 70 4,00S .. 1,6'-1 •• 1,057 10 <78 8 . .. ... 27"1

llnrdwan .. , ... ... 8,919 210,851) S77 22,808 ... 28,120 1,201 40,liOS 2,010 62,7~9 .. '!01 110 ... . .. 48'8

Rnjsbabi ,, ... ... 2,610' 61,791 •• 3,Hil , .. 6,724 <IS 1S,S99 1,100 26,-i.'l! ·812 6l,ll14 ... . .. ....

Dact'n ... ... ... . 0,0.\3 137,2113 1113 0,218 207 11,638 8118 2!1,8-1-11 2,080 47,743 2,70li 12,!190 ... . .. 2.a.'li

Chlttngong,, ... ... 4,700 1UG,7t'll 1UO ll,\180 ... 10,767 701 2.1,604 1,612 3!5,935 2,141 88,826 ... . .. 21!'8

~tnn ... ,., ... li,SIO 128,801 .,. 13,212 80,606 22'7 ... 14,500 &7 22,039 1,477 3f,608 3,114 j4,U03

... ... tQgnl~nr .,, ••• 2,001 (111,806 "' 4,236 11 3,3l2 270 8,816 802 19.-147 1,688

... ... ... ghotu. o.gpur •• , ... 1,'117 40,987 8• Ci,l!Ol. 106 7,317 363 12,281 .. , 23,466 ... ... 20'41

rillll" ••. •.. • .. 0,61111 07,878 lli,S07 462 0,821 27'S • 216 .. ... 118 3,760 OM 20,936 ti,IIDj

... ... OriN& Tributary Mahnla 1,161) U,tM • 1tl4 7 .,. 22 , .. 109 2,468 ''"

.72,0.!8 385 i,iM

H'6 -- ----------- - ------ -- 8,091 12'3 Total ... .... 017' 087,863 1,40:il 86,021 2,174. IJ.i.,701 li,li68 180,206 12,84.8 so•.o.w. 22,M5

......--- --31li,23S ... 2,586 21"9

• Bxolu.sht~ oi ouo school with 23 u ill in th ... P P o &jshu.bt DIVlston, tho details of which are not gtvcn in tho returns.

DIVISIONS.

Presidency ... Calcutta ... Burdwo.n ... Rajabohl •.. Dacca ... Ohittagong ... }Jo.tna ... BMga.lpur ... Orissa ... Ori11!UL Tributary ~aha. Ia.

Chota Nagpur ...

Total ...


The Presidency and Burdwan Divisions return, as before the largest number. of schools with 50 or more pupils, and Orissa, Burdwan, ~nd Patna of those With bet":een 10 and 20 pupils. The schools in Calcutta have the highest n~~b.er of pup~ls on an average, the Chota Nagpur, Presidency and Rajshahi DIVISions standmg nex to Calcutta in order, though at a great distance.

PRUU.RT

EDUC.&.TIOM.

The avera)!e ~trength of a lower primary has slightly advanced, viz. from 21·~ to 21·9. Th1s may be compared with the average for upper primaries wh10~ has be~n foun~ to be. 36·9 •. As the aided lower primaries, notwith: sta~dmg a shght. f~ihng off m their number, had a large increase of pupils durmg the year, It IS clear that the accession of pupils to the unaided schools was far short of the proportion of increase in the number of those schools.

110. Th~ results of the lower primary scholarship examination for boys so far as candidates from lower primary schools (includin"' private students) are concerned, are given below:-

0

NV~BB OP INSTITUTIONS SBKDIIfG Nt71UlBB OJ .EUKINBBB. NUMDBB PABBBD JBOJI-

R.&.c• oa ORJtwD OJ P.uaaD EXAlaliNBBB· Sunou.aa.

~ • I

i: lnRtltutlona Aided Othor •

undor rmblio institu• Total. a ~ Aborhrinal lnstitu~iona. 0

miUlllP:Oment. tiona. "' 0 3 ......

" "' " • " ·~ ! "' • 1--"' .,; .,; ~ ~ .,; i

.,; ~

. :! a . !i 0 .:1 ~ .~ 8 ] g 8 " :1 :1 ..

• 0 ~ c ~

~ "' i! ~ "' • " " • " I ; ~ ... u ... " " ~ ~ . i E E 0 E . ~ . "' . j 2

" " " f a .

~ ~ ~ c •

~ " i I • z ~ I I

0~ .~ • i " ~ ~ ·~ .. ~ ·-· ~ ! " !. il !. il§ s ~. s 3 'i ~ = 3 Ea 'll . : 3 a r~ ·2 a B H a a iiif ... u . e " .c

8 " 0 • 8 • 8 "' i5 ;f " oS ;f • • e " "' 0 "' "' "' ~ :;; ll :;; 0

0 = .... !3 0

~ .. ., "' :>1 "' "' ... ... 1,027 760 3 3 1,030 708 ... 3, ... 6 .. . 3,<>16 ... 1,003 • ... 1,0&l ... 1,971' ... ,.. ... ... ... ... ... 89 B2 ... ... 80 .. . .. 270 .. . . .. .,. .. . 118 ... . .. 11 OS... • • ... ... ... '" ... ... 1,876 1,2111 3 • 1,870 1,917 ... 6,G61 10 .. 0,003 .. . 8,109 • 17 8,130 ... ~, ........ 170 ... ... II

1 1 928 629 1 1 030 031 • 2,892 3 8 9,6011 1 1,000 1 • 1,103 - 030 .•. 001 ... ... ... 1 ... 1,198 8311 II • 1,208 &13 1 3,11l50 .. 1 8,1171 ... 1,808 6 1 1,810 ... 1,10? ... 001 • ... I

... ... 6611 S7< 8 • 673 370 ... 1,00S 16 8 9,017 .. . 002 • I """ ... 894 ... 300 ... ... .. .

... . .. J,t13 J,lSli ... ... 1,413 1,1SIS ... 6,933 . .. 110 tl,o<8 .. . 6,665 ... 88 .. ~ ... ....... 288 ... ... I

... ... 701 ... ... ... 701 .. , .. . 9,~7 ... 07 2,7M ... 1.~~ .. . <7 (a) 1,619 ... 1,238 ... 10>! ... IS ..

... ... 1,8141 1,1111 ... ... 1,3H 1,1111 ... 4,432 .. . 1 ..... . .. 8,127 ... 1 8,1!.8 . .. 3,083 ... 89 6 ... .. .

... ... 83 00 73 68 106 07 ... 66 101 ... 017 .. . 01 110 ... 107 .. . 158 ... ... 1 ... 8 ...

... ... 098 421> ... ... 608 ... ... l,S111 .. . 10 1,3& .. . 707 ... • 703 .. . OS!~ 83 1 1 180

------ - -- - - --1- ----- ---1---

• 1 0,000 7,160 00 83 10,001 7,2-M 3 32,278 117 260 31,784 1 18,320 136 I C. 18,630 ... 111,003 '" 9,078 IS 1t I BOO

5 ... i5

.. .

...

... -· ... • ...

l

... '"

17

,. -J

18,030

N.B -r:l Two hundred and thirty secondary sohool1 Rtmt up 023 cnndidntes to thl11 tn:arr.lno.tlon, of whom 11111' from lOB sohool" woro rmocMdnl. • 2 Ono tboU!II\nd fonr hundred and forty.two upper prillllU1' acbooll sent up 11,10• candida.tel to tbla e.umlnatlon, ol whom 2,6follrom 1,08, aohooll wore auoooutul.

•) Includes 11 girls in boys' schools.

Out of 10,001 schools which sent up pupils to this examination, 7,244, or 72·4 per cent., were successful, against 6,586 out of 9,163, or 11·8 per cent., in the year before. Again, the number of candidates advanced from 29,616 to 32,764, and that of successful candidates from 16,183 to 18,630, the percentage of success having risen from 55·3 to 56·8. There has thus been an improvement in all respects. .

Turning to divisions, Patna passed the largest number of candidates, instead of Burdwan in the preceding year, and Burdwan and Orissa occupy the second and third places, respectivel,y,_ ~ach wit~ more ~ha~ 3,000 passed. 'l'he uniform success of the llurd wan DI ~lSI on at this .examu~atJ?n complet~ly disproves the idea that the extent of primary educatiOn vanes mvorsely With that of secondary instruction. .

111. 'l'hnt the mere number of schools is no index to the progress of education may be at once seen by comparing the foregoing table wit~ .t~at given in paragraph 107. It will be seen that although the Burdwan DiviHIOn bas returned the largest number of low~r primary schools, it has passed only

PIUMAUY

BDUCATlONo


about three-fourths the number of pupils turned o.ut by Patna, where tlie number of schools is less than three-fourths of those m Burdwan. .

But a comparison of this kind is, after all, a very rough test, masmuch as the standard of the examination is far from uniform in all the divisions. This is perhaps unavoidable, but it must be regretted that no general attempt has been made to secure un~formity _in all the distric~s of the. S!i;me division. With the exception of the Eastern Cucle, where the d1fferent d1strwts are examined simultaneously with the salll:e .s~t of. papers dra:YI'n up under the supervision of the Inspector, no other d1v1sJOn m the provmce has as yet made any attempt in this direction. This admittedly interferes with the usefulness of the examination as an educational test. "In the absence of any uniformity in the qw;stion l?apers," writes t_he _Inspecto~ of. Sch_ools, Presidency Circle, "any compar1son ot the results, district by d1stnct, 1s useless. The Deputy Inspector ofthe 24-Parganas ascribes the 'unusual number of passes' in. his district to the 'comparatively _easy pa;rers set at th~ examination.' While With half the number· of schools In Nadia and :Murshidabad the number of passes was 159 and 305, Khulna with 1,166 schools passed only 73, against 49 in the previous year." Diver!!"ences like the above can only be avoided by adopting throughout Bengal the system of examination in force in the Eastern Circle.

112. Notes (1) and (2) at the foot of the table in paragraph 110 show that middle and upper primary schools also compete at the lower primary scholarship examination, the percentage of success having been 83·4 and 75·3 respectively for schools and 60·2 and 51·7 respectively for pupils. The upper primaries thus fared worse than the lower, from. which 56·8 per cent. of the boys came off successful. For reasons already stated under upper primary schools (paragraph 104), the admission of boys from middle schools to any lower examination is not desirable. The case of the upper primary schools is, however, otherwise, as they do not differ from the lower primaries except in having two extra classes superadded. It is, moreover, desirable, as stated in paragraph 81 of the last report, that upper primary stipendiaries should be required to send candidates from the lower primary and to the standard examinations, as a test of progress, though in their case no rewards would be earned. No boy passed at the lower primary examination from middle and upper primary schools is eligible for scholarships under the exi~ting rules,

113. 1'he question of requiring a fee of 2 annas from each candidate for the lower primary scholarship I!Xamination was again brought to the notice of the district authorities during the ~ear under report. The practice is already in force in some of the di~tricts, in Calcutta, the 24-Parganas and Midnapur £or instance. Others, like Nadia and Jessore, intend to adopt it from the current yea:. The pistrict Boards in the Ori~s,a Division were once of opinion that Its mtroductwn would be premature. ll1e Balasore Board has repeated this :iew now,, and a~ded tha_t, if introduc~d, it will only tend . to tax the poor

teachers. · Fullmformatwn on the pomt has not b~en rece1ved as yet from most of the divisions.

114. The following statement compares in the most summary form the results of the lower primary examination for the last ten years:- .

YBABB. Competing Successful Candidates. Number schools. schools. passed.

1882-83 ro;:lR7 89,798 16,852 1883·84 10,979 40,706 20,0ll 1884-85 ... 11,406 8,129 4:J,410 21,500 1885·86 10,79~ 7.6~9 8R,443 20,018 I886-87 9,"39 7,193 84,661 20,275 1887-88 10,379 7,087 87,459 I8,845 1888·R9 10,032 1,ol67 •86,78i 20,617 1889-90 9,825 6,784 32,684 I7,614 1890.9I 9,168 6,586 29,616 I6,I88 1&91-92 10,001 7,244 82,764 18,6~0

1'he year und~r report show~ ~ decided imp~ovement in every respect over t~e !·WO preced!~g years. This 1s the. more sat1sf~c~ory as up till 1890-91 the d1s~nct au~h?r1ties had adopted v~nous pass hmits of their own, with more hberal mrmma than those prescnbed by Government and since that ye~r the irregularities have been put a stop to, so that the pa~s marks are now umform throughout and the standards much stricter.

OF PUBLIC IKSTRUCTIO~. 65

115. The following summary compares the distribution of upper and lower primary schools in each Division, with the number of candidates (including outside students) that passed the corresponding examinations:-

Cnndidatos Candidates r:ppor passed at Lower pnss<'d at

DIVISION, pnmnry Uppor l'rimary primary Lower l>rimnry school~. e.xa.miontion. schools. cxllinination.

Presidency 523 2t3 4,278 1,659 Calcutta IS 16 169 116 Durdwo.n 85S 7·12 F,919 8.456 Rajshohi 415 639 2.520 l,6U7 Dacca 671 769 6,063 2,1146 Chittogong 367 539 4,100 1.313 Patna 191 200 6,810 4.813 Dhagalpur J87 216 2.~01 1,797 Orissa 274 lH2 o.ona 3,133 Orissa Tributary Mah~ls 63 61 1,169 ~~·9 Chota N agpur 106 116 1,117 769

Total 3,t;6l 3,626 44.918 21,828

It is impossible to form from the above table any conclusion regarding the comparative efficiency of the upper and lower primaries of the diff~ront Divisions, inasmuch as it includes candidates from high, middle, and primary schools, Thus Rajshahi, Dacca, and Chittagong, which passed 281, 375, and 244 candidates respectively at the upper primary scholarship examination £rom upper primary schools, show here 539, 769, and 539, or an increase of about 50 per cent. each. Similarly, in the lower primary results Rajshahi shows 1,507, instead of 1 ,103, Dacca 2,946, instead of 1,810, Chittagong 1,S13, instead of 699, Bhagalpur 1,797, instead o£ 1,512, as given in paragraph 110. This must be accounted for by the £act that the table in the present paragraph includes the candidates from high, middle, and upper primary schools as well as those from lower primary.

116. The following table shows the classification of lower primary schools £or native boys according to the stages of instruction reached by them:-

DIVISION,

Numborof ~chool!i Tho~c thnt aro I Those In tlmt snnd pnpi111 b~low tim lowl'r whit'lt 110

. to the lower prunnry ~hu~nard, prinhl•l books p~tmary ~cho~nr. but rend prmtcd I o.rt) reud.

f>bii> uxn.nunntJOn, books.

Tot.o.l • Number of pup ILl po.saNl by-

--------+-"'::.~ -+1 ___:_:1-tl----=t-tl---'-'t_. _I:-~"-~ 1 I 1 I_ I_ Pre!lidcnoy ... ... ... ... 1,7H 55,035 2,~GO 60,102 ' 81 d,2~8 110,211 8,210 lO,fi~S 27,2fl2 Cn.lcnH!l ... ... ... ... •• 4.:~!13 70 3, 7t:U ... . ..... ll\1} !1,111:! ~~7 n·,.• Ill. II Burdwnn ... ... ... . , . 3,202 0'.!,074 IS,"a7 l1S,7M ... ''"lt

R,\IID 21n.~.·.o lli,liU Sl,:m7 61l,lllt Ibjshahl ... ... .. . ... 1.15:! 30,2011 ),3.'i3 311,7-19 1 (a)2,-l-"fl (a)r.n,lto;o 7,::!1~ 7,1\,IJ 1•,:m1 DtLcon. ... ... ... ... t,s..•n rs~.us 4,1kl s•.an " 001 ll,tl;/3 s:J7,:!1l3 tn.:.!1:1 H,nu 2:.!.:!07 Chittogong ... . .. ... ... "' 25,Sl9 S,•·i!l 811,!1:10 • " 4,700 ]UI\,;1'!:! 0/oH() ]ll,:;:ltJ 17,0.11'1 Patn" ... ... . .. ... 2,0:!0 (0!<1,5~2 2,{!.'-3 W,il:!!> "" S,~IO ~.KIO ]:!'I,:Jo\1 l::>,!OH 1M,7t:.J 3I,M0 Bhn.gu.lpur ... ... ... . .. 1.0~2 2tl,S7S 1,71·· 30,1\!12 105 1,HO 2,{!0} llli,!IO:i •• ll:!7 7.tr,!fl l~.U7

Choto. Nogpur ... ... ... 7~0 2:!,S!JS {l~~ 21,1;·1~ " 427 1,717 441,11~7 st7 ),j!IS 2,11111 Orisso. ... . .. ... . .. 1,773 3:!,•il7 4o,Sitl G-•.-1-t •• 73 807 O,G!r.! (I; ,H;S a,r..n::; li,Wl ]ll,fl!"tt Orilosu. Tributnry llo.ho.ls ... 100 2,0)".'. 7il7 8,B20 U.! 2,312 1,150 U,~IH tj:J ti27 &<U -- ------- ----- Ds1,o~ 1--n,m-l];'l.iOD lo;.oro Total ... lli,218 411.-.il 28,{!-Sb M3,302 681 0,210 ••.sg.,

(a) ExcluslVO or scboolsnnd pupils in tho Dnrjootlug Dills.

It is to be regretted that, in spite of a general increase in the number of lower primary schools, the number of those capable of sending pupils to the lower primary scholarship examination-by far the most efficient class of lower primaries-has declined from 15,728 with 416,483 pupils to 15,218 with 414,471 pupils. Similarly, the total number of pupils passed by standard~ A and ll has come down £rom 193,786 to 192,670, those p~ssed by standard A having increased by 3,761, and those by standard B havmg decreased by 4,877. Tho examination in these standards being conducted for the purpose of givin"' rewards to the aided lower primaries, both these cases are explained by th~ decline in the number of the class of schools considered in paragraph 107, the increase of the year having exclusivelr taken pluce under tho head of those which could earn no grants from any pubhc sources.

117. Standards A and B are uniform throughout Bengal proper. The former is one year below the l?wer ~r~mary schola~ship course, the progress required in Bengali literature bemg ability to read w1th fluency 50 pages of the

K

l'BUIARY

EDUCATION.


Bodhodaya or any equivale11t oo~k, and the latter is still a year lower. A standard C, presumably_l~'!er than either of these two, appear~ ~o have been adopted in the Dacca DLVIswn, but the report does not say what It Is. Re:wards are also given in _som.e districts on th? results ?f th~ upper and lower primary scholarship exammatwns, and on an mtermediate higher standard between the lower and upper primary st!fges. When an upper primary school comp~tes. for rewards it seems desirable that there should be five standards of exammabon, viz. I the upper primary scholarship examination ; II, the intermediate standard· 'III, the lower primary scholarship examination ; IV, standard A; and V, standard B. The examination in standards III and I are conducted as public examinations, while those in the three remaining standards are reserved in the hands of the Sub-Inspectors. Rewards for passing pupils by standards I and II should be of higher value than those for passing by the lower standards.

118. The suggestion, made in the last report and approved by Government, to hold the reward examinations in situ, makiJ;Ig the Sub-Inspector alone responsible for the results, as far as possible, appears to have been differently received in different districts. It was generally adopted in the Presidency and Orissa Divisions and in Calcutta, and partly in Rajshahi and Chittagong. In the district of Noakhali the examinations were held simultaneously on a fixed day by local committees of teachers appointed by the District Board. " This practice," the Assistant Inspector of Schools, Chittagong Division, writes, " the authorities propose to continue," in spite of the risks so clearly brought to their notice.. The same seems to have been the case in the Dacca Division also, as will be evident from the following extract from the Inspector's report:-

"No material changes were made in the rules for conducting the reward examination in any of the districts of this Division. The reward examinations were held on the same day simultaneously in each of the districts at centres at which committees of examiners composed of teachers of high or middle class schools were appointed by the District Board to conduct the examinations. In Faridpur, Baokergunge and Mymensingh (with the exception of certain very backward tracts in Mymensingh where the examinations were conducted by the Sadar Sub-Inspector, for want of a sufficient number of trustworthy persons to serve as members of examining committees), printed questions were sent out by the District Boards to the Superintendents of the examination centres with a view to secure uniformity as reaards the questions asked, the marking being left to the Examining Committees.'' "

Sufficient information as to the working in the other Divisions is wan tin"'; but possibly no important departure was made from the practice in vo"'ue in the preceding year.

0

Attempts on the part of the gurus at false personation, presentation of pupils at the examination who had been brought up in pathsalas other than their own, and so on, were not rare. Criminal prosecutions on this account took place in the 24-Parganas, Burdwan, and Maida, and in some cases punishment was inflicted on the offending parties.

VI.-SPECIAL INSTRUCTION.

mcu.t 1~9 .. U~der this head ~re included .(a) training schools for teachers, (b) all JNsrnucTtoN, other mshtuhons for professiOnal, techmcal, and industrial education but not

madra~sas, which will b~ separately dealt with in the chapter on Muh~mmadan educatiOn. The followmg table compai·es the statistics of special schools for the last two years :-

189().91. 1891·92. CLASS OP INSTITUTIONS. .""" ....,

Schools. Puplls. Schools. Pupils. Training schools for masters ... 28 938 21 887

Ditto for mistresses ... 8 234 10 soo Guru-training o\nssos attached to middle

schools ... 191 .786 174 756 Schools of Art 1 178 1 181 Law schools 1:1 1,025 12 568 Medioni school~ .. 9 1,184 10 1,290 Engineering nnd Sarveying'sohools " 703 " 661 Industrial schools ... 15 580 18 672 Other schools ... 13 650 I3 669

Total 276 6,173 263 5,869


The above shows a net loss of 13 schools and of 30! pupils. The number srscJAL

of training schools for masters decreased by two. The Government second- I'8T~uc-rJoK. grade training school at Jalpaiguri was amalgamated during the year with the first-grade school at Rangpur; and the guru-training school at Taljhari in the Sonthal Parganas, and the aided training school for Paha1·ias at Bhagaya in the same district, were abolished. On the other hand, the Chedi Training School in the Chota N agpur Division has been newly returned, though no mention of it has been made in the divisional report. The training schools for mistresses have increased from 8 to 10, owing to the establishment of three unaided schools in the 24-Parganas (viz., those at Dhangata, Khari and Panakuah, all under missionary management), partially neutralised by the amalgamution of the native training class attached to the Central School, Calcutta, with the Church of England Zenana Training School in the same town. The number of guru-training classes attached to middle schools has come down from 101 to 1H, there having been a loss o£ 13 classes in Rajshahi and 15 classes in Chittagong, and a gain of 1 class in the Presidency, 4 classes in Burdwan, 2 classes in Dacca, 3 classes in Chota Nagpur, and 1 class in Orissa. The increase of one medical school is due to the inclusion in our returns, for the first time, of the IIomceopathic Medical School in Calcutta, conducted by Dr. l\1. M. Bose. Industrial schools have increased from 15 to ll:l. The Bhagalpur nnd Chota Nagpur Divisions gained 2 schools each, while the technical class attached to the Kandi lllodel School in the Presidency Division has ceased to exist. The 'other schools' include Music Schools, Police Training Schools, and so on, ench with a distinct scope of its own. Their number has 1·emained unchanged. 'l'he heavy loss of pupils in law schools will be explained later on.

A.-TRAINING ScrrooLs.

120. The following table gives the statistics of attendance and expenditure in the training schools for masters and mistresses:-

EXPENDITURE

Number Number FBOll PUBLIC FUNDS. I Fnou l'RIVJ.TB

of of FUNDS.

schools. pupils. From I From

Total. From From From Provincial district munioip.J (••• nnd other revenues. funds. funds. fine!. sources.

Government training Rs. Rs. Rs. lis. Rs. Rs. schools-

For mnst-ers ... 15 658 67,485 873 ... 1,176 ~31 60,765

Aided training schools-

For masters ... 6 2>9 4,717 ... ... IRS 9,327 14,2:!2 For mistresses ... 6 192 4,440 ... ... 2,077 18,626 20,0·13

Unaided training schools-

For mistresses ... 5 108 ... ... ... 180 4,929 6,109

Guru-training classes attached to middle schools-

Government ... . 167 712 6,556 995 ... ... 9 7,55·2. Unaided ... 7 ·M ... ... ... ... ... .. .

--- -- -------------Total ... 205 1,949 83,198 1,868 ... 3,621 28,016 1,16,703

The number of these institutions, including the guru-training classes, declined from 222 to 205, for reasons already explained. '!'he loss of 17 schools under this head has, however, involved the loss of only 15 pupils in all. The expenditure in these schools from Provincial revenues shows a proportionate reduction under all heads. (except in the training schools for m~stresscs ow~ng to an increased grant haVIn"' been drawn by the Baranagar llmdu Boardmg School), from Rs. 85,764 tg Rs. 83,198. But the total expenditure shows a11

J( 2

I!IP!CU.L

lNSTn'O'criON',


increase from Rs. 1,13,997 to Rs. 1,16,703, owing solely to the increased cost in the training schools for mistresses, the number of which, as has been seen above, advanced from 8 to 10.

121. '!'he following statement shows the attendance and expenditure in the different grades of training schools for masters and mistresses, whether departmental, aided or unaided. Schools of the first grade prepare students through a three-years' course, those of the second grade through a two-years' course, and those of the third grade through a course lasting six months or a year. There was no second-grade training schools during the year, the only school returned under this head in preceding years, viz., the school at Jalpaiguri1 having been amalgamated with the first-grade school at Rangpur :-

NUB OP Scnoor..

Pon llAsrBns.

Oov~rnm~11t-

Firat made--1. Cnlotiltn. ,,, .,, ... ... ... J. llooghly .,, ... .., ... • .. 3. Dnccn ... ... ,,, ... ... t, ltnn~tJltlr ... ... ... ... , •. D. Chittngong ... ... ... ... • .. 8. Pntnn ... ... ... ... ... 7. Rnnchl ... ... ... ... • .. 8, Cuttnck ,., ... ... ... • ..

Bocond p:rodn-Ja/paiouri ... ... ... .., ...

'Ihird grudo-,1. J,ohn.rdngn. ... ,., .,, ,., ,,, 9, Hnldipukur... ... ... ... • .. 3. Puri ... ,., ... ... ,., ... 4. Bn!IUioro ... ... .., ... • .. 6, Augul ... ... ... ... .. . 6, IUotihnri ... ·- ... ... .. .

NUMDRR OP PUPILS ON TUB ROLLS O:'f TUB 31ST MABCU-

1801, 1802.

,. 120 115

"' 76 71 26 40 .. 1& 8

10 .. ,. ,.

76 1!18 }!16

67 67

"' .. .. 12 8

1.

" " 17

n..

l),e25 lO,Gitl 10,707

6,5-1.7 4.8i7

)0,197 2.G71S a,tru 2,192

725 465

1.2~0 1,97:1!

050 1,143

EXPENDITURE, 1831-D2,

FROM l'UDLIC PUli'DS, I FBOY PRIV4TB PONDS,

n..

11,278 D,81S7

JO,ISS.i G,UU 4,R41 9,378 2,6'!0 6,362

ns.

(nbolished.)

087 329

1,259 1,4U9

''" 722

Rs. n..

036 ... 231

31 70

Rs,

., 179

Toto.!.

n..

11,814 10,106 10,807 6,723 4,V20 9,378 2,1S2() 6,·U:t

667 328

1,21SS 1,945

1179 1,109

7. lluriporo Guru. training School in the Sou~hllll'llrgnnus .,, ... ... 221 7 •t,2110 82() ... ... ... .., 820

... 1s1 OGSi7i:876 -67,4&" --s78 -1:176 - 2sl ro 766 Total

.didod-1. RtLrrnckp~ro Woaleynn School ... ... 2, Kl'ir-hnngn.r 0. 1!.1, S. Trninin~ School 3. Uhlmpur Sonthnl TrrLining !School t, Bn.nkuro. 'l'rllining School ... "' 6, Hnrje~lilll." Missinn Trnining School '" 0, C'h~di (Ito no hi) Trnining Sd1oolt :::

Bhaqa11a •clioolfur Paharia6 ... • ..

Toto.l

Jl'on ldJBfBBBBBB.

~idtd-1. Dnm-Dum Wt>slryan School ... 1 • .lJnrunaiL'ILr Hindu Jlonrding Tminhii

~chool ... ... ... ... S. Krishmu~:or Roman Catbolio Doard:

ing •r,ninlnp; School ... , 41. Church (Jf Englund ZcllllnO. .Missi~i~

1'nLining School... .. , I, Bnnknrll. Wosloyon Trnintilll; School"'

1.'ra~.i'Jl.cla11for Yatitto Pupils, C. E.

--------- . -----16 16

106 02 ..

!I) 3,108 1,200 l 25 4,704 l,GOO J "' "' 188 1~~ 2,igg 1,8!l0 ... ... .. . 32 2,G83 ;g~ ... ... .. . ro oo ••• - ••·

"'7 ... 4'10 (nbolished.)" ~:: :::

<,1178!

'·""" .. 1 ..... 3,t0G 4.766 2,700

801 2,835

30

-- ---- ---·---2()7 220 14.437 4,717 ••• -- -1;- 9 m- a 23J --------- ' ~ .. -20

30

a.

• 21 33

36

29

83

Sl ,.

3,012

t,li23

2,6W

6,656 1,03lS

=~ } ... 720

l,D20 ... sou ...

(o.maJKamo.~d),

1,341 •• 4o,71SO 031

3,006

lS,l69

2,602

8,011 1,21id

TotAl "' 201 -u;;- 16.876 -,;;-- -:::-- --~- 13 IS26 20,1US

---------- . f-'-Urcoid«l-

L Cburch or Scotland Norm"l School in CnlcuttG ... ••. .,, ... ,

I, B1'vtist Normnl Sch'Jolln C'nlouttn. " :S. DlmnghzLttL 'J'rnining School in p~{:

doncy Division ... • .. 6, .K.hnrl Trni.uing School in Pr0Siden~7

Di\'i11ion ... ... .,, Di. Pnnnkttnh Training School iU'PrcSi:

d~·ncy Divl!olon.,.... ... ... ...

20 13

14 11

MO 1,878

180

.,. 3,000

&70 S,OQO

1,030

Total ... --s3 ~-;;iS ---:-·.-.-+-.. -.-1--- --180- ----... ,,9.9 6,10~

• Thl!t Includes tho figures or tho To.ljho. 1 G T r ... ~ whloh wo.a ntt('ndcd by 111 pupils, r nnt· nun"'IS Sohool in tho Sontbo.l Pargo.oll.!l, whfoh has been o.boll•hcd, and

t 'l'bi:t &chool b~, howevl.!l', no& bcon &hown iii tho o.nnu11t divlsiolllll report.

The total number o.E pupils in Government trainin school f ~ex~luding the abolished sc.hools) decreased by- 34, Patnagshowin s tho: hmas~ers rl~ng~fi'i fro~ 71 ~ 40, Ill consequence of the expulsion of a !umber ~~v~~! ~l~ssehas ~dv~~sc~od buyct22 T~h num~er loffpupil~ in the aided schools of thil!

• e sc oo s or mistresses also, both aided and


unaided, gained some pupils on the whole. The Church of England school of onct•L

this class returned only 4 pupils at the close of the preceding year, but the tNsrn<••-rtoN. number has now been increased to 31, by the amalgamation with it of the training class for native girls under tho same mission, which was shown as a separate school in the preceding year.

'rhe expenditure in Government training schools for masters from tho Provincial revenues has decreased from Rs. 70,063 to Rs. 67,485, owing to the abolition o£ the J alpaiguri and Taljhari schools, and to reductions in the Hooghly school in· consequence o£ the changes in the instructive staff. Calcutta, Dacca, Chittagong, and Cuttnck show some increase each, on account o£ the grade increments of the teachers, and Rangpur, because of the late head-master o£ tho Jalpniguri School having been kept thoro as a supernumerary teacher, and owing to tho addition of Rs. 80 a month to the stipends for pupils under instruction after the amalgamation was effected.

'l'he expenditure from private funds bears so small a proportion to the total that it would be quite useless to account for any rise or fall thnt mny have taken place in each school. The total receipts from fees rose from Rs. 745 toRs. 1,176, while those from other sources very slightly declined from Rs. 237 toRs. 231. 'l'he Calcutta '!'raining School appears to have collected the largest amount from fees, but it includes Rs. 458 in the shape of cuttings f1·om the stipends of the scholars, the actual fee-receipts having amounted to Rs. 78 only, against Rs. 89 in the previous year.

122. Judging from the cost per pupil in each of the first-grade training schools, Patna appears to be the most expensive institution, with Rs. 234·5 por head, and next to it stands Calcutta with Rs •. 155·5. The figures for the other schools are as follow :-Uuttack Rs. 145·8; Ranchi Rs. 105; Dacca Rs. 102·5; Rangpur Rs. 100·3; Chittagong Rs. 73•3; and Hoogbly Rs. 73·3 The cost in Patna would not, however, have been so high but for tl1e exceptional circumstances, under which it suffered a sudden heavy loss in the number of its pupils. Taking its roll-number in the preceding yenr (71) as the normal average, the cost per pupil would come down at once to Rs. 134. In that case, Calcutta would be the most expensive institution of the kind in the province, and Patna would follow close upon it. The cost is the lowest in the Hooghly School, which, judging from the number of pupils under training there, is undoubtedly the most popular institution of the class. Calcutta, indeed, has to pay Rs. 200 a month as house-rent, while Hooghly has free quarters in the Chinsurah Barracks .. But even when allowance is made for th1s, the cost in Calcutta is reduced to Rs. 124 only.

123. The following table shows the results of the vernacular mastership examination held in 1892 for pupils of first-grade training schools and for private candidates. The first six: schools, or those in which instruction is imparted through Bengali, were examined by a common set of papers. Certificates of the first, second or third grade are given according as students have completed a course of three years, two years, or one year respectively. A certificate is classed as high, medium and low, according to the marks obtained:-

FIBBT·GRA.DB 0BRTJPIC.LTB. SBCOIID·GBA.DB 0BRTIPJOA.TB. TUIRD·On.lDB OJII!TIPIOA.TB. TOUL.

NJ.Iill O'J SOIIOOL, :~ l !~ !'i

1 I l1 iii~ t ~-~ a ,a.!3 9 ~·-:t:i e .d 1 .. 0 3 ·- e ~ ~ ~ 'ii ~ ~. 'ii ~~ .!!' .!!1 5= o• Ill :a s .::· = :a .s ~ = ::1 .s Calcutta. ... ... ... 29 0 t• 20 23 t • to tO •• '1 0 ,. t8 70 .. Hooghly ... ... ... .. 1 0 ., .. .. t t8 t8 :n .. tO .. .. 1311 1"" ])n.cc& ... . .. ... so • 0 " 27 .. 1 ' 17 .. "' ... • 16 .. 108 ,.

... ... •• ... ' .. 21 .. . .. 8 .. .. .. '1 " 8 ,., 07 .. ... 19 ... 8 10 13 10 "i • • 10 10 • 0 " " ..

(nidCd) ... ... ·z i'O i'i 0 1 • • 0 ... 'jj • • " 10 ... ... ... ,. ... • '1 • • 8 18 ... • " •• .. ... ... ... • ... • 1 8 • ·z 1 • • . .. 1 • • " •

Cuttac ... ... '4 • • ... • 7 17 ... • 7 13 .. .. Priv•te 1tUdenb" ... 2j ... 1 • .. ... • • • . .. 8 •• 23 108 ..

- - - 't:io -- - - -- - - - - -Toto! ... ... • •• 08 ... • .. 86 ISO .. . • .. 100 , .. , .. .. ,

The number of candidates (excluding private students and those from the Patna, Ranchi and Cuttack training schools, in which both the course of study and the vernacular taught are different from those in the schools in

IIPHCU.L

INSTRUCTION,


Bengal) increased from 453 to 462, while the number of successful candidates fell off from 415 to 344, or from 91·6 to 74·4 per cent. Calcutta. has passed 71 per cent. of its ca.ndid.ates, against 78·5 per cent. in the preceding year; Hooghly 76·2 per cent., against 96·8; Dacca. 70·4, against 93 ; Ra.ngpur 61·4, against 95·8; and Kishnaga.r 66·6, against 100. Chittagong is the only school in Bengal in which. the. perce.ntag~ h.as advanced from 91·~ ~o. 94. The success of this school rs qmte umque m 1ts character. As the dlV1s10na.l reports had been written befm:e the announcement of the results, the causes of the fallin"' off could not be drscussed by the Inspectors of Schools,

Judged"by the number of candidates passed by each of these schools, Roughly, as usual, stood first in order, and Dacca and Chittagong occupied the next two places. Calcutta, in spite of its high cost, was beaten by all these schools. The Patna Training School passed 34 out of 39 candida~es, against 36 out of 71 in the preceding year. The number of successful cand1dates at the first grade examination in 1891 was 10 out of 27, owing to the expulsion of 7 of the third-year students for misconduct. The Ranchi Training School passed 9 candidates in all, the ~arne as in the preceding year. The Cuttack Training School passed 26 pupils, of whom 6 were in the first grade, 7 in the second and 13 in the third. The number of candidates was a2 in all. 111

The number of private candidates for vernacular mastership certificates increased from 51 to 103, and the number successful ft·om 28 to 34. ·These were, for the most part, teachers of middle schools who competed at the examination to improve their position. 'l~aking all the schools together and including the prh·ate students, 447 pupils obtained vernacular mastership certi-ficates out of 650 who competed. ·

Drawing has now been made a part of the compulsory course of studies for the first-grade training schools, which have according! y been provided with a drawing master each. The step is intended to train proficient teachers of drawing, with a view to introduce the subject eventually in middle schools.

124. The tltird·grade training schools are maintained for the training of gurus. Besides those specifically mentioned in paragraph 121, there are guruclasses attached to the first-grade training schools at Cuttack and Rangpur. The number of gurus turned out by each, during the year under report, is -as follows :-Lohardaga 8; Haldipukur 8; Cuttack 20; Puri 20; Balasore 40; Angul 24; Motihari 4; Rangpur 9 ; in all 133. The Haripur Son thai training class had seven pupils at the close of the year. The number of gurus passed from this school has not been shown in the divisional report. The Motihari School also passed four pupils at the upper primary scholarship examination, These schools are useful in elevating the tone of the primary schools in their respective quarters, by training the gurus in school management, The two schools in Orissa and the Cuttack training class are said to have turned out no less than 1,771 gurus since their fil'st establishment, The Haldipukur School in Singbhum, which has trained all the primary teachers in its neighbourhood, has been now transferred to Kokepara, another village in the same district, around which there is a large number of lower primary schools conducted by uncertificated gurus.

125. The aided training schools (except the new school at Chedri, which is said to have been opened by the guru of an upper primary school, with an annual grant of Rs. 30 from the primary fund) are all under missionary management, intended to train Christian teachers for the numerous primary schools under the different missions. Krishnagar has been pushed up to the rank of a first grade and Bhimpur to that of a third-grade school. . 'I' he other schools of this' class generally adopt the departmental. upper primary standard in addition to the art of teaching. '

120. The training schools for mistresses also, whether aided or unaided are, with the exception of the Baranagar Hindu Boarding Training School ali under the management of the various missionary agencies in the country ' for training mistresses for girls' schools. The schools in Calcutta, for the 'most part, compete at the examination in the special standards for girls.

127. Gm·u-tmining Classcs.-In addition to the regular training schools mentioned above, guru-training classes are attached to a large number of middle

• Tho results of these throe schools shown in tho last report were for 1890, and not for 1891,


schools, the head-pandits of which receive one rupee a month for each guru mcrAt under training. '!'he gurus are either ·teachers of adjacent pathsalas or (in INsrnu<mo:<.

some cases) candidates for appointment as teachers. The allotment for this purposE\ was Rs. 9,0001 and the amounts sanctioned for the different circles were as follow:-

Presidency Circle Western , Dnjshnhi , Eastern ,

Total

Rs. ... 6,000

1,500 1.000 1,200

••• 8,700

Out of this, Rs. 6,556 only was spent during the year. There were, besides, contributions from the district funds, amounting to Rs. 995. The subjoined statement shows the number of gurus under instruction during the year, division by divi~ion :-

Presidency Division Chota N agpur Burdwnn .•• Orissa Dncco. ... Chittagong Rajshahi

Total

Schools. 76 22 17 23 11 10 16

174

Average number of pnpils to a class

l.'upils. S9S 107 83 ol 49 23 46

7G6

4"3

The number of classes in 1890-91 was 191 with 786 pupils, and in the year before, 212 with 796 pupils. The loss in the number of pupils has thus been not so great as that in the number of classes, though there has been a steady decline in both. As in previous years, there were no classes of this description in Calcutta, Patna, Bhagalpur, and the Orissa 'rributary 1\Iahals. A reward has been promised to middle school teachers in the Patna district for the training of gurus, but the rules are still under the consideration of the Magistrate.

One hundred and sixty-seven of the classes were supported from public funds and 7 were unaided. The unaided classes were possibly started too late in the year to get any help from the department. The average annual cost per guru under instruction was Rs. 8-10.

128. The following statement shows the number of gurus turned out with certificates from these classes during the year under report:-

PASSBD AT-.A. - ......

Middle Upper Lower

DIVISION. vernacular lr1mnry ~rimnry Guru

Total. scholarship sc olarship sc olnrship examination. examination. e:tamination. examination.

Presidency 19 16 8 88 Ohota N agpur s .. 1 8 16 Burdwan 2 a Orissa 26 26 Dacca

1 Chittn.!ifg 2 9 Rajsh · ~ .. 4 11 16

Total 28 34 1 97 100

129. To induce bona fide gurus to be trained in these classes, the following scale of rewards was sanctioned in the preceding year :-

For passing the middle vernacular scholarship examination in the-

1st division 2nd , 3rd ,

Ra. 15 12 10

SPECIAL

lNSTRUC'I'IOM'.

72 REPORT OP THE DlltECTOR

For passing the upper primary soholarship examination in the

Rs.

1st division 2nd , 3rd ,

... 12 •.. 10 ... 8

. ·Rupees 345 was spent in these rewards in the Presidency Division during the year under report. . . . .

130. This scheme of guru-trammg or~gmally proposed by Mr. C. B. Clarke, F R 8 Inspector Presidency Circle, has now been carried out for more than five y·e~r~. It is th~refore, necessary to consider how the different higl1er inspecting officers who

1have adopted it more or less, think of its success. 'l'he Presidency,

Chota Nagpur, and Orissa Divisions have the largest nu~b.er of classes, and, as is evident by the number of gurus passed out of them aurmg the year, have worked out the plan well. "The scheme has worked well in the Balasore district" writes the Joint-Inspector of Orissa, "owing to the provision of small stip~nds made by the District ~oard for the enco~ragement of gurus attending training classes attached to m1ddle schools. It 1s to be hoped that the good example set by that body will be followed by the District Boards of Cuttack and !'uri." The Assistant Inspector of Schools, Chota N agpur Division, is of opinion that the training of gurus under this system, if properly managed, cannot but be cheap; but he has no hesitation in stating that no Deputy Inspector fn ~is ?--ivision has ta~en sufficient interest in working and d?':e~oping these mshtutwns. The Assistant Inspector of Schools, Burdwan DivisiOn, on the other hand, thinks that the guru-training classes have not proved successful, though he is disposed to recommend their continuance for another year. llfr. Bellett, Inspector of Schools, Rajshahi Division, considers the system to

. have proved a failure. "It is not popular," says he; "gurus of existing schools do not flock to these classes; on the other hand, the Deputy Inspectors have to hunt for them and compel them to come in. It is not necessary. Though there may be some cases where pathsalas are held by decidedly illiterate and inefficient men, these cases are very rare. Though the average guru may not be a very brilliant person, he is capable of teaching his school the three R'H, and I have been over and over again t!tl'Uck by the success obtained by gurus with very few attainments, who have themselves had hardly any sclwoling at all. Nor are the classes necessary for intending gurus. The rising type of guru is almost always a man ready provided with an upper primary or even a middfe vernacular certificate, and that is all we are proposing by this elaborate system of training classes to provide them with. The gurus 'in training' are supposed to receive from the head-masters of the middle schools to which they are attached teaching out of school hours. Half the time, I believe, that they do not receive this special teaching, and it is an exceedingly difficult thing to enforce this teaching, or to prove that it is provided. 'l'o the system of offering prizes to gurus for passing the middle vernacular and upper primary scholarship examinations, I have always been opposed." Similar views are expressed by the Assistant Inspector of Schools, Chittao-ong Division, also. He thinl•s that the experiment has failed, and that it w~uld be useless to spend any more money on these training classes.

It 'Y~u~d then seem th.at t~e system is not liketl everywhere. Some of the divisiOns have not tned It at all, and some of those that have tried it oondemn it as useless and unworkable. The argument of Mr. Bellett thut the risi~g type of gu.ru 17enerally holds an UJ?per primary, if not a mid.dle vernacular certificate, and 1s hkely to supersede In the near future the Illiterate guru now and then to be seen, has much force. But where a large number of pathsalas exist in limited areas, as in many places in the Presidency Division and where there are easy means of communication between these schools and the middle schools round which they cluster, it is desirable to accelerate this elimin.at}on ?f the. 'illiterate guru' _by tra~nin.g him properly. T~e practice of tramiDg mtendtn,Q gurus at pubhc cost Is risky, and should be discontinued where it exists. llfen actually in charge of pathsalas should have the benefit of the ~ystem and should b~ encouraged,. on their ~assing by a standard, not only Wlth the rewards sanctioned, but w1th fixed st1pends .in upper Ol' lower


primary schooTs. This will make. the training attractive, and dispense with the necessity for compulsion. Again, gurus attending distant middle schools sh.ould be reliev~d from th~ir ordinary duties for the time, llnd provide~ ~th stipends for their support m the manner approved by the Balasore District Board.

PEt'IAL

l:oiSTUUl.'Tltl:i

131. The following statements regarding the qualifications of teachers employed in middle and upper primary schools are given in accordance with the desire of Government, as expressed in paragraph 12 of the Resolution on the last report:-

Qualificafio11s of Teachers i11 Middle English Schools.

..

.!!..C: I! .2 ~ to ~ ] H .l! ~ "g~ =·3 .d ~>I j sa .. .. ~ :!! ... ~ ~ '0~ •_g .. :a ·~! ~ DIVISIOlf. 0 ~~ • Rnu.an. ~ 8~ .;~ i~ .. "5. §. . ~

l~ 1l ~0 E~ ~· .!l .!l ~ ~ j ... a~ e ..; E-~ ·~ "' :;;! ...

:!! !I •• • :fit ~ ..... ~-; ,ga = "' 3 0 zO "' .. >I :0 0 .. Hood tenchers,

Presidency ... . .. HI ,., '1 •• •• ... ... ... ... ... . .. 1 1:!0

C11lCutta. ... ... . .. 12 .. 3 • ... ... 1 ... ... . .. • 12 Bud\van ... ... ... 207 20. ... "

,.. • ... • ... . .. . .. 10 """ Rojshnhi ... ... .. . •• 70 10 57 1 ... ... ... ... .. . ll 7t1 Dacca ... ... ... l7·i ,.. '1 7 00 ... ... ... . .. ... . .. . 17 12l(a) (a) H1rlu!1h'•' of llu,

1Mrh••na "' th·• Chlttagong ... ... ., •• ... • 20 ... .. . 0 ... ... .. . 7 'l\' ICh00\!1 In th .. Pntna. .,, ... . .. +• .,

'1 • 18 3 ... 3 ... ... ... 13 lht.di.UI'If\liiKU dll• Hhn.gnl~ur ... ... 30 •• • 23 .. its "io "its ... ... 0 " trlct. Ohota ~ ogpur ... ... 23 OS(b) "' • H ll 2 ... 27 OS (b) Jnl'lnd••• olllt'r

23 • 16 6 h•&elll'l"!i (76),

Orissa ... ... .. . so ... ... ... ... ... . .. • llS(<) (to) For lloartl

Tributary Mo.hll.ls 2:S(d)

~ 6 • ..• 9 S IS

11ohoo\s only. Do, • ... ft .. (1ll hwhul~ otlun· ---- ---;;:-i....-1181_7_ 1--- h.'rLchor-.

Totul ... 816 811 3 ... . .., -·-··_1~ 811 -------- -Othi.U" ten,~hen.

Prt>~'lidency '" ... ... suo ... . 3 31 87 10 47 "" 1 ... , .. ,.. . Cnlcuttn. ... ... ... .. .. . ·a 10 7 ... • • '"o ... " ·lll Rurrlwn.n ... ... '" 6" ... 87 187 • 73 so . .. '"" tl!!:S Rujshn.hi ... ... .. . 206 "' 1 " 81 s ,. 43 1 ... 47 ~~10

'---~---' Dncca. -· "' ... ••• ... • 10 lOS 7 106 "' ... 100 ....

...__~_.,

Chittn.gong ... ... '" 136 ... ... s .. .. . .. ... .. . "" t!H Pn.tnn ... ... .. . 123 ... ... 10 ,,, .. . 16 17 • ''i :Ill 1\!!1 Bhngo.Wur ... ... .. . us • •• • 7 llS • .. ua . Chotn. ugpur ... ... (Included in The be'ti.d tonchcr'sstntemont.) Ur1ssa. ....... oo 73 1 ... 1 ••• 1 ••• J 201 7J 2-6 ... ... . .. .. 73

l.lo. Tributary M'!bfl.\s (Included in the hood teft.(!her'~ statement),

Total ... ~-.. -. -~---;:ooa-1-.. -. ~-.-~1.3fiii7ls;"l-;- 233 •• 1 ""' l!,Otl3 .

Qualificatio1~& of Teacl1C1'S ill Middle 1'"e1'toacular Scl10ols.

- -----

i-5 !! . ~ ..

~ I 0 .£g 3 . ·a .c~ .c ~ "'!! ::i·.:: • t' ~ ~~ ! "' c.!l ·~ w 3 ~ --.: 0 .0

~·a .~ ~ ~ ~ ·~ DIVISIOlf, ... U. K ~U.II Kit, o- 0 ool! 8~ ·=a ·c

~ . == " "' "' l~ $ a .!I -~ ~. ~;; .!l .!l . • I! .. ·_8 e·= c.!:: "" "' "' !( . s .- e • . •• • ~~ ~.a ... ,58 :!! :;! "' g zo z .; .. ~· >I "' 1:> .s ~

Hoo.d ten(' herS, Presidency ooo ... 2l:S 2l:S ... oo• 0 IM 10 6 M •oo ... 20 210 Cnlcutto. ,

00 .... ... 15 15 ... ... 1.., ••• 00 ' •oo ... .., 1 11:.

Rurdwan ... ... ,00

172 tr~• ... oo• ···s 1·U .. 7.6

7 ... ... JS 11\6 &jsho.bi .,, ... ,.. tM 2iiS• oo• ... 4 133 .. W ... ... Sl 2:1~ • Inrlnc.lll!l Do.cco. •oo ,, ... ~iS lW ••• 2 US 7 S ,,, ... ... 10 I i41 h!B<'lll'r'll, Chltto.gong.,, ,., ... 123 2.5!1(a) ... 1 S 91 ... 116 .... ... "' 47 1!!./( (a) !Htto, Potn 011 .w ... 1 ... 41 ... 1 ... ... 2 411

a •oo "' '" 39 3S oo. 00

, ... 30 ,, ... II ... ,,. S 3'1 BhagnWur oo• ... 52 74{6) ... ... 1 2t1 I 1 o s.:s t ... s H tb) D1uo. gh?ta ngpur "' '" 42 39 ... ... "' ~ 1 0 ... ... ... " :JU

riSSa "' ... '" ( ) 0 1 14 11 ... ( ) Dl Do, 'l'ributaryMo.bt\ls 13 56 c ... ... ... ... ~;. ... ... ,.., c tto.

Toto! ... t,ns.l '·""' 1--:::- s ~~~ ,., I,_,_!_ 218 l. .. :~ . ..J I ... I too '·'"

Other tca~hors. 1 I 26 1S 28 201 7 I us ._,7 Presidency ... ... ... ~~ 2 •• i~ 31 ... 4 12 ::: 32 lift ~tt.l~tta. ... ... •oo ... s:n ... 1 13 .w 2 u uu "io ... u1 331 R u. hwo.n "' oo• oo• '" (lncltuiLd in llcnd-IIUUifer'B statomcnt.) D~~ao.bi ·::. ::: ::: ... i 307 1 ... I 1 I 7 [ 20 l II I l!ot I ... I ·oo t ... I 'Zi I 307 Chittagong ... ... I (Included in bend. toocher's stntvment.) I • /

9 I

23 I

110 Pntn• ... ... ... ... 110 1 ... I ... I 1 I " I .... I 6 I :ll • 1 a 1• Bhngnlpur .. , ,,. ... ... 76 ... ... 2 13 ... Ch.oto. No.gpur {lncluc.lcd in ht>ad tencher II statement.) I OrJSsa '" '" ... J oo 1 ... 1 ... 1 ... 1 10 I 7 I ... 1 27 I ... l ... 16 I 00 Do. Trlblliary!iAlu\19" __ , (lnc~~~cher'ss~t._) _______ . __ •

Tolnl "' ~~--,:;;;--, 3 ~-6 1· 07 \ 101 I SJ I OM I 411 I 30 I 0 \ ''' I '·""I

othl•r

L

SPBCU.L

IN8TRUCfJON.

74

DIVISIOlf,

PrNIIdcncy ... Cmhmtta ... Bordwan ... Rajllhahi ... Docca ... ...

... 023 ... lS,

... 8!18 ... ...

... b71


Q~alijications of Teachers in Uppe1· Primary Schools.

Head po.ndlt:a. r;ou 13

"7 MO.'

.; ,;

. .2

i! ~ ]]

0 0 ..,.., ,.;~

~

d •o ,c 8~

H ~-...

~-:.9 a~ ··a ,!!~

h .::· .. • 87 6

~ i.

t I ... c .. Co .., :1l .

"' ~ i :!! :>! I=>·

ss 217 10

'iis .sJ 'lis 20 ... 7S

~-~·---' sss ... '--~~

.i RBMARi:ll. Co

t E ~ • g .s .. ... 120 ooo • Includes other '3 7 IS teachers,

1.1 ... • 177 .... .. 107 067

( ) IM 2 290 Hl 460 (a) Includes othe Chltt11g0ng ... ... M710.1 a · o. 112 a no '"7 '8 u tu.J. pnndita. Pn.tno. ... '" 7 (bl~~: '" '" •" H 'lo 10 1111 '17 27 2M (b) lJitto. Bhagn.lpur ··· "' 18

"' "' "' H o 11 111 26 4 '2s 1:12 (c) Ditto. . Chota Nu.gpur- ... "' tnB (c)lS't ··· "' ··· :w, 1M 117 2M 0~~~~ TribU'tnry "»ro.hmii 2X: (dr,: ::: ::: ::: ... 9

u ... :4ll "'s ::: ta 72 (d) Ditto,

Total ,.. s,Ml S,R43 I ... -1 I so 2M 1 171 072 1,243 249 41 873 8,848

Pl'f'Aidcno• -- {)t'ho; te~~~ors.,-.. -. - ... -~ ... 1 I "' I ' 21. 28 ... 143 107 Cnloutta J ::: ::: ·.:: to ... ... ... 2 ... 1 1 ···a ·g Jll to Hd 77 ......... 1 ... 2 10 60 77

ur wn.n "' "' '" (Included in head pandlt's statement. I Rolohnhl ... "' ... 1 03 1 ... I ... I ... I 1 I ... I ... I 26 I ... ... I 00 I OS Dn.cco. "' "' ··· (Included in hood pandlt'astntemont,) Chlttagong ... '" ··· 1 170 1 ... J ... 1 ... t 7 1 ••• 1 ... 1 ss 1 60 I 29 I 62 I 179 Patno. ... '" '" "' (InclodOO in bend po.ndit'a statement.) Bhngnlpur '" ... (l)'tto ditt ) ChotA r\ngpur ... ... I I I l I ~· I I I 19 I 10 Orhso. ... ... ... I 10 ... I ... ... ... I ... ... ... ... • .. Do. Tributary Mahala _ ----'----·~n-de_d i_n h_oad_p_an~t-•m_o_nt_. l _______ ,_

Tota.l ... ... 68-• ... ... ... 12 ... 7 9a 86 ~.u 3.57 r;s•

It is to be regretted that the figures given above are not exhaustive. The reporting officers appear to have understood the instructions in different ways. Some have confined themselves to the Board schools alone, others have lost sight of the unaided schools, while one Deputy Inspector in the· Eastern Circle has not furnished these returns for any class of schools whatever in his district. He has been called upon to explain the cause of his omission. The figu~es refer to 5,341 schools with 10,057 teachers, of whom 863 hold University certificates ranging from Entrance to B.A., 1,864 have passed through one or more of the grades of the vernacular mastership examination, 277. are certificated gurus, 1,831i hold middle English, 2,173 middle vernacular, 395 upper primary, and 75 lower primary certificates; and 2,575 have no certificates at all. Taking the middle and upper primary schools together,

. therefore, 25·6 per cent. of the teachers appear to be uncertificated. As upper primaries have an average income of Rs. 10 a month from all sources, which, in several. cases, is divided among two teachers, it is not easy to secure for them men who have passed the Entrance or vernacular mastership examination. The presence of 307 such teachers among them is, therefore, a satisfactory sign. The percentage of uncertificated teachers in these schools (1,230 out of 4,427) is about 28. · . ·

132. Discouraging reports come from the Dacca and Chittagong Training Schools. In accounting for a loss of pupils in the Dacca Training School, .the head-master wr~tes as follows:- . .

"The randits who now leave this school, after passing the final examination, find it difficult to obtam employment, and within my own knowledge, several of them who passed creditably last year, or even the year before, have not been able to obtain appointments. Several ngnin have been compelled to accept appointments on Rs. 10 or Rs. 12 n month, and are naturally discontented with their lot. This being the state of things, the number of npplicn• tiona for admission into the training school has fallen off."

The Inspector of Schools, Eastern Circle, ascribes the growing unpopularity of the school to the low salaries (generally from Rs. 15 to Rs. 20) fixed for trained pandits, which, owing to the rise of prices all1·ound, are by no means so attractive as they used to be in former years, and to the far brighter prospects held out by the Survey and Medical schools with comparatively lighter courses of study.

The same difficulty in finding employment to their liking seems to be experienced by the pupils of the Chittagong 'rraining School. Before the publication of the results of 1892, 11 final students of this school were unable

OF PUDLIC INSTRUCTiON, 15

to secure appointments anywhere. 11 IJ;~. addition to these," writes the Assist· mcz•L ant Inspector of Schools, "one has been appointed road muharrir, another L'"""''Tzos. has gone to a tol to study Sanskrit, and some five or six have taken up appointments in upper primary sohools.'' The last-mentioned fact cannot be considered a misfort~ne from an educational point of view. •

B.-OTHER ScrrooLS OF SPECIAL INSTRUCTION.

133. Under this head are included institutions teaching law, medicine, and engineering, whether affiliated to the University or not,. together with the Calcutta School of Art, industrial schools, and other schools of a special character. The most important statist.ics of tho leading institutions are given in the following table:- .

... ~ t """ ExPBKDITl"IUI -~ A \"BRAnD .t.tnn•.u.

§>I Prom prh·ftto

COST OP BOIJ'CATI~G .. ~

From public fundi, B.u;:u l'IJ'PIL.

i s.~ fnmlll.

" ~ti 1l -~ ] t .9 ~~ ~ .2 ~ ••• "E .. .. :c

£~ " . 0 0

~ ~ •.:I m " ~ .l! .g •.!j a§ a~ "" lj_,~ h • -!! 3 !l~ 9 8- a"il S"l! s- ~. ~] 3 ;., ~e .... .:;= £u fo ea 0::" £2 0

~ .. - .. ... ),-LAW, n.. Rs. Ro. Ro. no. I lla. n.. A. P, lla. .t., P,

Govm-nmont Law School1.

Hoo~~:hly CoUego ... ... ... ... 1 u " . .. ... . .. l,lM ... 1,103 . .. 10 H • Kriabnaghur ., ... ... ... ... 1 • • ... . .. . .. '"" ... 4t;.._q . .. "' • 7 Dncc& .. ... ... ... . .. 1 2S .. ... ... .. . 2,f20 ... 2,2211 . .. •ro • • Pntna .. ... ... ... . .. 1 .. 31 . .. . .. ... 2o'-~7 ·;;,., B,a.n ... 78 1a 0 l«njabo.hl .. CUttaOk ... ... 1 • • ... ... . .. 1\IR Ntl.'l . .. "' 0 7 Ravcnslu~ow " ... ... 1 7 7 ... . .. . .. "'"' ... """ . .. •• • 7 -- ·-·------- -- ---------------Total ... 0 OJ. .. ... . .. ... '1,150 <kill 7,700 . .. s-• 11 ' -- -- - --------------------

Unai~d Law Schoor..'

Metropolitan Institution ,, ... ... 1 no 122 ... ... ... •• 1100 ... 4,WO . .. .. H • City College ... ... ... 1 107 126 ... . .. ... 4,340 ... .... :uo . .. 3t 7 1 Ripon .. ... ... ... 1 ... ~ .... ... . .. ... 7.7~0 . .. 7,HO . .. :u JS 7 Burha.mpore ,. ... ... • .. 1 8 • ... ... . .. 1517 0~3 1,1!110 . .. ""' • • Raj Chandra b Bnrlslll .. • •. 1 3 3 ... ... ... SIIS .,.

"'" ... 10> • • 'l'uj N11rayan Ju ilooColll'go, Bhngo.lpur 1 H 13 GS7 I___.:.:_ ~-7 OS IS 0 ~ --Tota.l ••• 6 472 IH6 ... '" ... lfl,~ll2 '~ IO,tH71 . .. Sll 14 7 ---- - ... 1-··· 2l'·"'"~ I TOT.U. LAW ScnOOLI ... 12 Ot3 008 25.~ 1.·1110 ... .. ' • -1-

... \~ '·"'·'on I II.-MBDICINB.

Medical College, Co.lcutto. ... ... 1 2l50 278 1,93,0M l!U.W "'' 7 81 738 • • -1--Got~ornmont Medical School1.

Sealdah ... ... . .. ... ... 1 ~ .... 2117 48,218 ... . .. 'I,.WD 1:'ios

lll'l,llR7 lRO 11 3 ""' • 0 }'ntno. ... . .. .. , ... ... 1 127 1118 6,61'12 ... . .. 2,.16ll ltl,lWO ·1:! 1 7 tH Ill 7 Daccn ... ... . .. ... . .. 1 101 100 ]ll,oiSII ... . .. 6,178 ,.. 21l,Hl lltJ • 7 l:r9 111 • Cuttuok ... ... . .. ... ... 1 •• 07 6,M3 . .. . .. 62U .. f'I,OOl 00 3 1 .. 0 8 -----------------~!li7"WO ---Total ... • •• 7 fU8 70,402 t-=- 15,1}38 1,3111 1 ... I 0 ------

Unaided Medical School I.

Calcutta. MediCAl School ••• ... 1 170 }373 4,702 J,OH 0,710 1& • • · Ditto of Hommopatby 2 HB ... ... ... . ..

Dacca Bomooopo.thio Schools •.• ... • 120 101 ... . .. ..• ll26 100 6'.!0 . .. • • • -----~--------- -.:oi>J-:-Total ... 6 438 47.. ... ~-t-=- 6,~28 1,114 .. • •

ToT£L liBDICAL ScnooLS ... 10 1 .... 1,400 2,ml,·kl8 ~-

33,006 !,I:!V ~~J Hill 7 7 217 19 7

~I ... ~·=-111.-EMGINBBBING.

Civil Engineering Collt!ge, 81bpur ... 1 ... .... 9,7 00 07,A01. ""'10 • ... 311 -Govtm1metlt But"ttel/ School1,

. Dncca ... . .. ... ... 1 ... . .. 3,231 ... ... 3,0.12 ... ft,fl'13 11 8 7 .. ' ' ...

1 107 lH 4,:tlO 1,·111:.! 6,7141 37 111 • M11 • Pntnn. ... ... ... .. . ... ... ... ... 1 •• .1 2,66-6 . ,. 1 8,1!10 •• 0 7 ru 111 0 Cuttack ... ... ... . .. ... ... ... . ---------------

Total ... 3 "' .... 10,214 II,~ID 1 l~,ijt}.·l 22 111 2 M 10 • ---TOT.A.I. EMGINBBlUNG SOIIOOLB ... .. 001 07. 03,266

~-1 ..... 1 ~~~ 161 3 7 --

IV.-ABT AMD INDUSTRY. • Government School nt Art ... ... 1 101 167 27,559 ... . .. ~ 31,607 163 JB • 1R8 10 7 ~

Government Indtutrial School1.

Ranohi Indu&trial Sc11ool ... ... 1 20 30 1.11M ... . .. B,tM 3,1100 Ill 13 • 1.., 0 0 In .BII"8alpur DivlBion ... ... • • • 210 r::... ... 118 _"'!_ .. 0 0 03 9 7

fa.;" -----Total ... 3 .. 1,766 ... ... .. . t,ltl3 8,068 .. • 10 ll~ 1 • L 2

RPRClAL

J}(STRUCTlON,

76 REPORT OF THE DffiECTOR .

•-" ... ~ i EXPBNDITUBB AVBRAGB AKNUAL .. ~ .

0 .:a From private COST OF BDUCATING

.2 0 .From public funds. BACD PUPIL. :g ~

~ .!l.= funds •

~ 'E.O') g ·~ ~ ··s "' ~ 0

~ 0

= ., . a ·~· E ·a ~ .0

-~ £E •• . 0

~ 'a 0.

:l~ :a. ail .l! a~ "' • .s~ .8 ~0

~3 . • a:i 3

0

'S~~ ea e'll a:: tlg '3 a ~· ,p e• ~Jl ~~ • ?. 8~ 0

··~ ... .... ..... .. :.; .z

IV.-ARr AND INDUSTBY-t!tmChtdcd, Rs, Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs, n •. Rs. A., p, R&. A., P,

]/otJrd Indu.~trial Schooll.

JJnrfsal Tcohnical School ... 1 28 so 1:076

1,32'1 "' 188 'iioo l,ISliS .. s 8 "" 8 0 ... 018 G,ln:.t 117 H 1 Ro.ngpur ... 1 00 60 2,01& ... 7014 1

" " ... 1. 108 108 12 8 0 1S 8 0 FulDea. ... 1 ,. ... ... ... "' " " ... ------------------------ -Total ... 8 108 ·lU ),976 S,IS-13 ... 800 000 7,226 ... • • OS • 7 ------------- ------- ------

.tfickld Indu.~tritJl School1.

In tht'! Prosldency Division ... "' 1 •• .. ... ... 800 .... • •• • 10 8 1611 10 In Calcutta ... • .. ... ... 1 2B 2B soo 2oo ... ... 727 1,1127 10 11 • •• 8 0 ln the llurdwan DiYllion ... ... 8 147 120 1,021 ... .. . 1,708 2,1120 0 7 • 22 11 8

" Orl::~sa " ... ... 1 OS 8. ... ... . .. ... 812 070 • • 8 7 1• • - - - --------------·----Total ... 0 810 206 1 .... 2UO 800 000 3,291 6,0811 7 0 • 20 6 8

--------------------- ----Unaided IndUitrial SchooZ.,

Jn the Prcsidonoy Division 1 "' so ... '" ... "' OS .. ... s· I 0 ... ... ,. Dhngnlpur .,

'" ... • 148 130 ... ... .. . ... 2-JO .., . .. Ill 7 ,. Orh&M• ,. ... ... 1 18 I. ... '" '" 10 100 200 "' IS • • " Chota Nngpur ., ... ... • 18 I. ... " ... .. . DO •• ... • 6 • - - -- - - -------------

Total ... 0 210 100 ... ... ... 10 018 028 .. . 8 • • - ---- ---- -- ----------TOTAL AR'IB SCDOOLS ... 10 888 811 82,778 3,743 500 IS,-171 7,002 ...... .. 7 • 0013 • -- - ------- - - - -

0TDBB HCDOOLS OP SPECIAL ]N8I'RUCTION.

Govtmanumt. In the Uo.Jibu.hi Division

"' ... 1 .. .. ..... ... ... ... .. . 4,4-1~ lOIS 1~ • 10~ 13 • ---- ----- --------.didcd.

In Calcutta. ... ... ... 1 .. ... 800 ... . .. •o• ... 1,200 7 8 0 so 0 0 In thu llurdwan DiVisioO" 8 00 " )20 • 6::h

88 103 :iDS 8 I 7 6 12 • P~~otno.

... • 171 160 280 01 •• 9,188 3,078 • • 8 18 8 2 " " ... ... -- - -------------------- ---

Total "' 8 279 ... .,. OS 881 ... 8,001 ,,066 418 0 17 tO 9 -- -- - - ------- -------UntJidod.

In the Rnjshu.bi Divleion '" ... I 13 to ... ... ... 81 m • •• ... lO 9 1 ., Fu.tna

" '" ... 8 ,., 210 ... ... .. . 1,228 ... 1,72.8 ... 7 1• 7 - - ------ - --- ----------'rotal ... • .. o 880 ... ... .. . 1,309 O•o 1,011~ .. . 8 8 0

- - - ------ ----- ------'J'OT.U. 0Tn:Bn SCDOOLS ... 18

,., 886 11,101 •• 881 l,OM s,on 11,000 10 10 10 20 10 8

The number of law schools was 12, the same as in the pl'eceding year, of which six were maintained by Government and six were unaided. They are all attached to the first or second-grade colleges, and prepare candidates for the degree of Bachelor of Law, and for the pleadership examination,

134. The total number of pupils in law 'Schools has declined from 1,025 to 5631 Government schools returning 91, against 130, and unaided schools 472, against 895 in the preceding year. This is wholly due to the recent changes in the regulations for the B.L. and pleadership examinations. Under the amendeu rules, a student, in order to qualify himself for the B.L. examination, has to attend lectures for two years only, after taking the B.A. degree. Under the rules previously in force, he had to attend for three years-one year before taking the B.A. degree, and two years after it. . 'rhe period of attendance for the pleadership examination has similarly been reduced from two years to one. The number of classes has thus been reduced, and students who would have joined the first year B.L. class previously· to taking the B.A. degree could not do so during the year under report. This has resulted in a loss of both pupils and income. • · . The unaided law classes .of Calcutta have returned the largest number of law students, as in previous years-Ripon College 2241 Metropolitan Institution 116, and City College 107.

The lll.w lecturers jn Government colleges are paid from fees, subject to a maximum of Rs. 2,400 a year, which was reached only in the Patna College, which has, moreover, a saving of Rs. 2,537. to its credit. The law lecturer of the Rajshahi College received, besides the fees paid by the pupils, the interest of an endowment by Rani Manomohini Debi, which amounted to Rs. 665 during the year.

OP PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 77

135. The following table shows the results o£ the examination for the degree of Bachelor of Law held in November 1891 :-

NA..liE OP INsTITUTION.

· Hooghly College Krishnaa:.ar " Dacca ., Rnjsbahi ., Po.tno. ,, ... Ravensha.w ,, C.uttack Metropolitan Institution City College Ripon , J aganno.th , Dace~·· Derhampor~ , Tej Narayan Jubilee ., Bhngaipur Rnj Chandra ., Baris&!

Total

Number of candidates.

6 2

·s 4 7

64 22.

'66 1 r. 1 1

176

PASSED IN THE-r---.A.--.....

First division.

... 1

1 1 1

Scoond division.

2 ... 4

11 8

16

2 ... 1

44

The pre~ous. ex9;mination having been held in February of the same year, the exannnat10n m November was properly a supplementary one, at which those who bad failed in that examination, as well as those who had secured the proper amount of percentage in attendance before the February examination, but had not appeared at it, and· al8o those who had not attained the proper percentage then, but had aince made up, were allowed to compete. This concession was made by the University in consideration of the changes made in the charactt>r of the Bachelor. of Law examination, and because there had been a heavy falling off in the number of both competing and successful candidates at the examination held in February. The results of the February examination were given in the last report. From what has been said .above, 1t would be useleMs to compare them with the results of the supplementary examination now given. _ The pleadership examination is held under the orders of the High Court. The applications for admission are submitte~ by the candidates themselves through the District Judge, and not through the College authorities. It is impossible, 'therefore, to summarise its results with any degree of accuracy.

136. MEDICINE,-'l'be total number of medical schools bas risen from nine to ten, of which five are maint.ained by Government and five are unaided. The Government Medical College, Calcutta, is affiliated to the University, and pre-. pares candi,dates for its various medical degrees. · The four other Government medical schools follow a lower course, through the medium of the vernacular, and grant licenses for practice to deserving students. Of the unaided schools, four are schools for teaching bomreopathy and one closely resembles the Campbell School at Sealdah in. its course of studies. The number of pupils attending the· various medical schools has advanced from 1,184 to 1,290.

137. Medical Oollege, Oa/cutta.-llrigade-Surgeon R. C. Chandra· retired from the serv~ce, and Dr. J. F. P. McConnell was appointed Professor of Materia Medica and Clinical Medicine. Dr. A. Leahy officiated as Professor of Ophthalmic Medicine and Surgery during Dr. Sanders' privilege leave, and as Professor of Midwifery when Dr. Joubert went on furlough for six months. Dr. l\IcLeod has retired from the service since the close of the year, and Dr. Raye has been appointed in his !?lace as Professor of Surgery and First Surgeon. Dr. O'Brien has been appomted Professor of Anatomy and Second Surgeon, College Hospital.

When the session opened, 197 students resumed their studies, 5 rejoined 1md 120 began their medical studies for the first time. There was thus a total of 322 students at the beginning of the session, against 281 in the corresponding period of the previous year. Of the 125 new admissions and re-admiHsions, • the ten, who had gained the highest marks in the University B.A. and F.A. examinations, received free presentations, 58 entered as paying or matriculated students, 7 entered as casual students, 4 joined the Female Certificate class, and 46 joined the Military Pupils class, 'l'he strength of the College at the close of the session was 251, 71 of the students having left it after passing their examinations or owing to other causes. The Militar;r class had 82 pupils and the Female Certificate class 17 at the close of the sessiOn. 'l'he rest were matriculated students reading for the degree.

SPRCI,\L

ll'I"STRUCTION,•

SPBCIA.L

' JNSTRUOTION,


1:38. The Medical College, ~alc~tta, is the onl7 in~titution that sends up andidates for the medical exammatron of the Umversrty of Calcutta. The

~ollowing table compares the results of the medical examinations of. the U ni-versity for.the last two years:- ·

·Preliminary Scientific L.M.S .... First L.M.I!. Second L.M.S. ... Preliminary Scjentifio M.:8. ,;, First M.B. · Second M.B. . .. .Honours in Medicine

1891. r-- ......

. Number Number of d

candidates. po,sse • 82(a) Sl(b) 10 1 21 18 S6(a) ll(a) 2 S(c) 6 ·8 1 1

1892. ,- --...... Number Number

of d candidates: passe '

44(d) 57(e) 85(/) 24(g) 88 20(1!.) 44(i) 17(j) 1.~ (k) 1~ll)

2 2

(a) Including one fem(\,lo. · 1 tl d 0 I th P li In 8 I t'" M B (b) InoludinK o.no female, 6 passing tho combmod L.M •. S. e:r.n.m no. on an pass ng o re m ary o on lu.O • • oiomlno.tton, . mi t'

lc) Including one pnssing tho combmcd M.B. en na ton, d) Of these two wero fem!Liea. .. . , ) tbroo como from the combt.ne!l Proll~inary SctentiRo L:M.~., 19 from the Prolimmary Solentiflo U.B., and 6

" " from tho combined Prelimmo.r,y Sctentdlo M.ll. eJ:o.mtnntlons, and ono WBS a temale. ono wu a female. . . · ·n ono 00111011 from the combinod Prcllmino.ry Bolentlilo L.M.S. nnd S from the combined Preliminary So1entl c

M.B. oxnmlnlltions, nnd op.o ":US a. female. ono rrom tho ~nd M.B. oxo.mmn.t10n. two wore fomlllt.ls. . . four from tho combined Prelimlno.ry ScaontiOo M.B. oiamlnation, and one wa.s a femnle. ane Wl'ls a female, . · · d 1 .o throo from tb6 combined Preliminuy ScaentJQo 111. B. enuunat1on, ltD ane WlL!I a em'"e.

lf>) ::

~~ :,; (I)

139. Twelve of the military students passed and left for regimental duties. Se~en native dais passed in midwifery from the Eden Hospital and received certificates of qualifications. Thirteen-pupil-nurses also passed as midwives.

There were 15 boarders in the Svarnamayi Hostel, of whom 8 were Europeans, 4 Eurasians, and 3 Bengali~. One of t]:re R~ngalis was a. Nat~ve Christian, another a Brahma, and the thrrd a Brahmm. 'I hree were Umvers1ty students, 10 belonged to the Certificate class, and 2 to the Campbell School.

'fhe total expenditure on the College ros~ from Rs. 2,001856 toRs. _2,05,206. The fee-income amounted toRs. 12,140, agamst Rs. 9,505 m the previous year. The average cost per pupil in the Military class was Rs. 891, and in the Matriculated Female and casual classes Rs. 621.

140. Oampliell Medical Sckool.-Surgeon-Major R. Cobb, M.D., was in charge ·of the institution from 1st April to 13th November 1891, and Brigade-Surgeon S. Coull Mackenzie, M.D., from the 14th November to the end of the year. There were 69 male and 12 female students in the first-year class at the end of the session, of whom 58 and 7 respectively were promoted to the second-year

. class, the names of the rest who failed to secure the required percentage of marks having been ·struck off the rolls. The diploma or license examinations are divided into two parts: the first part, comprising Anatomy, Physiology, and Materia Medica, is held at the end of the second-year, and is called the first license examination; the second part, comprising Surgery, Medicine, Therapeutics, Midwifery, and Medical Juriaprudence, is held at the end of the third-year of study, and is called the second or Final License examination. At the end of the session under review, there were 89 male and 9 female students in the second-year class, of whom 71 and 8 respectively were allowed to attend the examination, the rest . having proved themselves unfit by their progress in the class, and 54 and 7 respectively came off successful. Of the 37 unsuccessful. pupils in all, the names of 12, all males, were removed from the rolls. 'fhere were one fourth-year and 44 third-year male students, of whom 44 were selected for the Final License examination, and 42, or 97·67 per cent .

• against 80·85 per cent. in the _preceding y~ar, were awarded diplomas. 'l'b~ four female students of thrs ·class quahfied themselves to appear at the examination, and three were declared to haye passed. The student who failed was unsuccessful in Medicine only, and the necessary sanction has been accorded to permit her to reappear after she has attended the medicine ward for three months. ·

There were 52 students in all, 50 males and 2 females, ill the compounder class at the close of the year.

The conduct of the students is reported to have been excellent throughout the year, and their attendance generally regular. ·

• OF PUBLIC lNSTRUtTION. 79

As regards the Entrance qualifications of the students, the Superintendent reports as follows:-

"There hos been a gradulll increose in the number of students who possess the higher Entrance qualifications, and a decreose in the number of those possessing the middle vernacular scholarship examination certifiootes. The largest number of femllle students possess the Oampbell Mediolll School Entrance examination certifiootes. One of them, possessing the upper primary scholarship examination certificate, was a Muhammadan, She is the first

. Muhammadan girl who hos sought admission into the School."

Of the 136 male students who remained at the close of the sessions in the second, third, and fourth-year classes, 24 were holders of University Entrance certificates, 29 had appeared at the Entrance examination, but without success, 36 had middle English, and 47 middle vernaculo.r certificates:

Two licentiates of this school were admitted into the Government service for employment in Rajputana during the yeo.r, and 17 licentiates were recommeni:led for employment in zamindaries, tea gardens, ro.ilways, river steo.mers, &c. The Inspector-General of Civil Hospitals asked, in April 1891, for several senior students £or employment on cholera duty. Twelve third-year students volunteered for these appointments and were absent on this duty about two months. ·

The total expenditure was Rs. 55,687, against Rs. 52,681 in the preceding year, of which Rs. 7,469 was raised from fees and Rs. 48,218 was po.id by Government. The increase took place chiefly under "Establishment," owing to a portion of the Superintendent's pay, while on furlough, ho.ving been charged by the Financial Department against the expenditure of the school, and to the teacher of midwifery having been on sick leo.ve for eight months on half pay.

141. Dacca Medical Sclzool.-Surgeon-Mo.jor R. Cobb ago.in beco.me Super- · intendent on the 24th March 1892. 'l'he number of pupils has slightly fo.llen off, from 164 to 161. There were four pupils in the fourth-year class, 42 in the third-year class, 53 in the second-xeo.r class, and 62 in the first-year clo.ss. The students learn dressing, compounding, and administration of drugs o.t the Mitford Hospital, where they are constantly put through practico.l exo.minations at the bedsides of patients. The police post-mortem cxo.mino.tions conducted by

· the teacher of medical jurisprudence offer a go~d practical field for the study of that subject. Thirty-six: students passed the fino.! exo.mino.tion held in April last and obtained the diploma and the title of Civil Hospito.l Assisto.nts. Thirty-seven students of the second-year class passed the junior diploma examination and were promoted to the third-year class. The receipts from fees and other local sources amounted to Rs. 5,252, against Rs. 5,257 in the preceding year. The expenditure from the Provincio.l revenues slightly ad-

.. vanced, from Rs. 15,232 to Rs. 15,489. 142. Temple Medical School, Patna.-Surgeon-Major E. G. Russell was

Superintendent of the School throughout the year. '!'he number of students on the 31st March last fell off from 157 to 127, owing to a considero.ble decrease in the number of admissions in consequence of English being mo.de a compulsory test for admission. There were, be~ides, 16 students in tho Compounder class at the end of the session. The roll number appeo.rs to ho.vo been at one time during the year as high as 151, beside~ 25 in the Compounder class. These 176 pupils were thus classified according to their general education :-Up to the University Entrance exo.mino.tion 51; up to the middle English standard. 71; up to the middle verno.culo.r sto.ndard, with knowledge of English, 41; up to the so.me standard, without knowledge of English, 13. <;Jlassified according to religion1 10! were 1\Iuharn.mo.dans, 74 were Hindus and one a Brahmo ;-93 were· B1har1s, 40 Bengalis, and the rest came f~om Assam, tho North-Western Provinces, and Centro.! India. The number of Bihari Hindus educated at this school is remarkabl;r low, being 13 in the year under report, against 17 in the two preceding scsswns. Seventeen students passed the second license ex:amination out of 36 wh_o C?mpeted, 11 who failed in one subject only being remanded for re-exa~mno.twn after a period of three months' ·further study. Twenty=seven pup1ls p~ssed the first license examination out of 38 who attended 1t, 9 more ho.vmg · been remanded as above. Four silver medo.ls, three of which· were presented by the teuchers themselves, by. Dr. Russell himself, and Assistant Surgeons

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80 REPORT OF THE DIRECTO~

Asder Ali Khan and Ram Kali Gupta,_ w~re awarded to th~ d7serving candidates on the results of these exammat10ns. At the ~xammatlons for

. compounders, 10 pupils of the sc~o~l class and 8 apprentice comp?unders serving in dispensaries and drugg1sts . shops were awar~ed pass. certlficates. The Compounder class i& much appre01ated by the pubhc, and IS frequently called upon to supply passed compounders to dispensaries in the neighbouring districts. . . f ·. · d t · h

The Superintendent notices with sat1s act10n an Improve one m t e . morality of the students. It has not been found possible, as yet, to arrange for physical training. ·

The total expenditure· amounted toRs. 10,266, against Rs. 10,365. The increase was due to grade increments drawn by some o~ the teachers and to extra contingent charges on various accounts: The receipts from local sources fell off from Rs. 3,773 in the preceding year to Rs. 3,614.

143. Outtock Medical Sclwol.-There were altogether 66 pupils in the school on the 31st of March last, 61 males and 5 females. 'rwenty-five pupils belonged to the first:yea~ class, 22 to the- second:yea; and 19 to t_he thi~d-year. All the third-year pupils passed the final exammatron and received ·d1plomas: Of the 22 pupils of the second-year class, 21 have been found fit for promotion to the third-year, and 1 has been remanded. Similarly, 19 of the first-year students have been promoted to the second-year and 6 have been· remanded. 'rhe progress of the institution may be briefly -told in. the words of the InspectorGeneral of Civil Hospitals, who visited it during the year under repoi:t :-

" The progress of the school amply fulflls the anticipation for!lled of it by its original founders. The pupils continue to flock to it every year, so that the Superintendent is able now to ~ake only .those c.andidates who have a pretty good g_eneral education, a~d a~lOut 16 fully tramed hospital asststants are turned out every year. Up to the present time 1t seems that the province of Orissa alone has been able to absorb all the pupils turned out by the school, but lately there have been signs of the supply exceeding the demand, and this year there would have been a difficulty in providing employment for all the passed pupils, had not a considerable number been taken for Burma. From the repugnance which the pupils of other provinces evince to service in Burma, it is not unlikely that the province will find employment for the pupils of the Orissa Medical School for some years to come.

" The female class is composed of 5 members, of whom 2 are high oasfe Brahmins. Dr. Zorah tells me that he finds a difficulty now in finding employment for those who have alre~dy passed out of the school, and .. tha~ it would prob~bly be necessary to limit the number admitted to 3 or 4 a year. The expenment of fol'lDIDg the female class has been very successful indeed; but the _girls have a not unnatural disinclination to leave OI-issa, which limits their usefulness. Those, however, who are employed in Orissa prove most useful. One is now employed as a· vaccinator in Cuttack, and is as fully active and energetic as any of the male vaccinators, as I can testify from personal observation."

The total expenditure in the school was Rs. 6,661, against Rs. 6 29-l: in the preceding year, of which Rs. 6,043 was paid from the Provincial revedues, and the rest met froin fees. The receipts from local sources increased from Rs. 353 to Rs. 618. . 144. It is satisf~cto~y to see t~at pl-ivate enterprise has been displaying Itself o.f late for the diffusiOn of medical knowledge among the people independently of Government help. There are 5 unaided Medical Schools on our returns-2 at Dacca and 3 at Calcutta. Four of the schools teach hommopathy and a full report <VI the working of, these institutions is want.ing. I quote at leng!h the lnspecto~ of Schools, Presidency Circle, to show how the Calcutta 1\Iedical School, wh1ch appears to be by far the best institution of the kind is being conducted:- '

. . " ~his school ~ad ~70 p~pils against ~18 ?f the previous year. It is perhaps the only mshtuh?n of the kmn m Indta .wholly ~amtame.d by. voluntary efforts. It was originally started m 1887, and had only etght pupils t6 begm With. The qualifications for admission and the oourse o~ study a~e very !Duoh t~e same as those laid down for the Campbell Medical School. Some d!fficulty !s expenenced m teaching the practice of medicine and surgery for want . of a hospi~al,. w~10h the promoters of the institution are trying their best soon to establish. The mshtutwn has, however, a charitable dispensary at.taohed to it and the student~ attend the Mayo and the Chandni hospitals for clinical instruction. A large number of pupils who. have read up to the Entrance standard pow seek for admission to the Camp~ell Medical.School ; III!d ~ the authorities oannot accordingly make room for those who have. pass~d the middle examt~atwns, the existence of an unaided school like the Calcutta ~edtoal Soho?l has )?~oved of Imi_Dense benefit to the latter class ·of students-a fact which is orne out by 1ts grcwmg populnnty. It may be hoped that the managers will be soon in a


position to present pupils at the Campbell School cnminaticns nnd · enable them to be pinoed auc1u on n footing of equnlity with the civil hospital assistants. His Honour the LieuteniUlt• INSTnucrwN. Governor visited the school in J IUlue.ry lo.st, inspected the out-door dispensary and the lecture, compounding IUld dissection rooms, IUld was favourably impressed with the miWagement. The total expenditure was R~. 5,716.

145. Local scholarships for Female Medical Ea11cation.-It is satisfactory to learn that the District and Municipal Boards are trying to offer every encouragement for the spread of medical education among females. The District Board of Pabna has founded a scholarship of Rs. 10 a month to be offered to a female resident of the district who will read in any recognised medical school of the country. The District Board of Burdwan has provided a sum of Rs; 20 per mensem for the encouragement of female medical education in the district. Out of this sum, Rs. 12 a month is contributed to the local municipality towards the pay of a qualified midwife, and a scholarship of Rs. 8 a month has been created to induce female students to join the Campbell :Medical School, on condition that the scholar would, after passing the final examination, serve the Board on a salary of Rs. 25 a month with free quarters and privilege to practise. The Backergun~e Board is reported to have spent Rs. 220 on scholarships for femal~ medical education, and Dr. Martin understands that the Patna, Gay a, Champaran and llluzaffarpur Boards have each

· created a scholarship for the purpose, though he is not aware of the value or conditions of tenure of these scholarships. ·

146. ENGINEERING.-The institutions fcir teaching. this subject are the Civil Engineering College at Sibpur and the three Survey Schools at Dac~;a, Patna and Cuttack, all maintained by Government. The number of pupils in these institutions ha~ slightly decreased, from 703 to 661. The annual contribution formerly made by the Maharaja of Vizianagram for the encourage· ment of surveying has ceased for some years, but the balance of the fund still in hand is sufficient to provide for the continuance of the Vizianagram scholarships, three for each of the Survey Schools, for at least two years more.

147. Civil Enolneering Oolleoe, Sibpur.-There were 83 Hindus, 3 Europeans or Eurasians, and 1 Burmese, in all87 students, in the Engineer Department, against 101 in the preceding year. Thirty-two of them belon"'ed to tlie first-year, 33 to:the sec.ond-year, 13 to the third·J:ear and 9 to the fc;'urth·year class. The falhng off m the number of students 18 partly due to fewer admissions to the :first-year class on account of the raising of the standard for admission, and partly to several students having secured appointments before com· pleting their college career. The first examination in Engineering (F.E.) was held in May 1891, at which 12 candidates presented themf?lllves from the thirdyear class, of whom 4 passed. The examination for the degree (B.E.) and license (L.E.) took place in July 1891, at which 8 students of the fourth-year class and 4 old students competed, of whom 1 was absent, and 5 passed-2 for the degree of Bachelor and 3 as Licentiates in Engineering. The percenta"'e of success ( 45·r!5) was considerably below that of the preceding examination (78) and ~he Prin_cipal. attributes it t.o .th\l fact that there was only one guaranteed appomtm!'nt durmg the year, mstead of two, and that some of the better stu.dents, feeling that they were not likely to secure it, elected to fail, in order that they might compete again the following year, when two guaranteed appointments awaited. the rElsults of the examination. The guaranteed appoint· ment of the year was received by G. Sedgley'; the Ambica Charan Chowdhury gold medal was awarded to Giris Chandra Das, and the Trevor silver medal to Mohini 1\Iohan Lahiri. All the five passed students are now undergoing a course of practical training under the Public Works Department.

The number of applications for admission during the year was 75. Ow in"' to the new r'ule regarding the percentage of marks secured by the appli~ cants in English and 1\Iathematics, a large number were rejected and only 28 finally joined, of whom 2 were B.A.'s, 22 passed the F.A., and 4 the Entrance examination. The Principal writes:- .

" This is the first occasion on which such a large peroentnge of young men admitted to the Engineer Department have passed the F.A. examination, and it seems to indicate that the value of technical education is hel?inning to be more appreciated. Another encouraging fact is that at the practical exammaticn held in May 1891, the two first on the list were B.A.'s This shows that graduates of the Calcutta University are not above manual work, and now that there is a probability of a reduction in tho

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length of the course being !llade b.y the U~,iversity in favour of B.A 's, we may e~peot B.A.'s to join in greater numbers m future years.

· 148. The apprentice department had 157 pupil~ in all-.133 Hindus,. 23 Europeans or Eurasians, and 1 Muhammadan-agamst 169 In the precedmg year. They were thus distributed among the different clas~es :.-First year 50; second year 45 · third year 35; :fourth y-ear 13; fifth-year (Jumor) 10; and fifth year (senior) 4: Of the 17 senior s!udents. i!l the fifth-yea; class ~n the 1st April 1891i four left before completmg their full . course, wtth appomtments, and nine eft with full certificates in February last. The two guaranteed appointments in the upper subordinate establishment sanctioned by the Govern· ment of India fell to llholanath De and Tarapada Banerji. Eighteen fourthyear apprentices appeared at the final examination in July 1891, of whom 11 passed. Seventy-five canuidates appeared at the Entrance examination for this department, of whom 30 passed and 27 joined, Six more were admitted as having passed the seventh standard, 6 the Entrance examination of the Univer-sity, and 1 in English and Mathematics in that examination. ·

There were 39 natives on the reduced-fee list out of the sanctioned · number of 40. The free list for Europeans and Eurasians was full ; but out of the 27 reduced-fee-ships OJlly 11 were awarded. The continued falling off in the number of Europeans and Eurasians in the apprentice department is a question that need8 enquiry.

'l'wo overseers' and fourteen sub-overseers' certificates were granted to apprentices leaving the colle~e before completion of their apprenticeship. Besides the regular students m the apprentice department, there were two Assamese artizans who completed their time in the shops in February last and received the usual certificates. This class is now unrepresented, and requires special ·encouragement :for its revival, as, if efficiently conducted, it would supply useful economical workmen capable of supervising and instructing elementary technical schools, a desire for w hie h has been of late manifesting itself in Bengal.

An examination for the admission to the fourth grade of accountants, Public Works Department, was held in June 1891. The number of candidates actually examined was 62, of whom 13 were successful. .

149. The college suffered a serious loss in the death of its Principal, 1\Jr. S. F. Downing, who,· during his twenty-two years' connection with the institution, had rendered himself familiar with the requirements of the en· gineering profession in India. The benefits of his incumbency are felt and acknowledged by students and apprentices who have profited by his wise and impartial administration of the affairs of the college. Mr. Slater, Professor of Engineering, was appointed to the Principalship on the death of Mr. Downing·, and Mr. Heaton, of the Public Works Department, was temporarily appointed to Mr. Slater's plaoe. Mr. Bartlett, Teacher of Drawing, returned from sick leave to Europe, and Bubu Dwarkanath Dutt, who officiated for him, had. accordingly to revert to his substantive appointment as teacher to the apprentice department, There were, besides, some changes in the native staff, which the Principal thinks cannot be avoided, so long as the salaries attached to the posts are not raised, so as to make them attractive.

The survey operations for the different classes were carried on as usual, partly at Madhupur on the East Indian Railway, and partly ln the neighbour~ hood of the college. · .

The Principal visited the undermentioned works with the senior engineer-students during the cold season :- . .· .

I. Messrs. Burn and Company's shops (two visits). 2. Raniganj Pottery and 'file Works. · 3. Barakar Iron Works. 4. East Indian Railway Coal Mines at Giridhi. 5. Jamalpur Workshops. 6. Messrs. Apoal" and Company's Foundry. 7. Sibpur Jute Mills. 8. Hooghly Floating B1i.dge. 9. Barraokpore Water-works.

Mr. Heaton visited the Akra brick-fields, with the second, third, and fourth-year engineer-students, These visits to works are of great practical value to the


students, and the more they can. be extended the better. The travelling suo1•L expenses of the students were paid by Government. . msrnucr1o:<.

150. Several models have been purchased from England and elsewhere. Messrs. Burn and Company have, with great liberality, presented the.college with a complete set of samples of their pottery and tile-work, together with specimens of raw materials used for different classes of work. A lever-testing machine has also been procured from the East Indian Railway, and will be of great help in showing the students how some of the physical constants used in engineering are arrived at. A fitter has been sanctioned for the model-room, and is now busily engaged in repairing and putting into working order the various old models that have been lying unused for years. Attempts are also being made to teach photography on a systematic plan, the services of 1\Ir. Heaton, who is an amateur photographei"1 being especially valuable in thi~ connection,

151. Athletic sports received, as usual, due attention. Cricket and football are more popular than ever; indeed it will soon be necessary to lay out other goals for foot-ball, the present ground being not large enough for the numbers who turn out every evening to play. 'fhe College was beaten at cricket by the Medical College for the Harrison Challenge Shield ; but in all other matches it was victorious. Three native students were prominent members of the College eleven.

The gymnasium is not much used. As it is situated in the open, the bars are affected by alternate heat and moisture, and are apt to crack and produce splinters on the surface. The Principal proposes to appoint a gymnastic instructor and to make a course of gymnastics conipulsory, marks for attendance and proficiency being awarded, which should be carried to the annual and final examinations. The matter is now under consideration.

. The annual sports were held. on the 12th February last. The Principal says that this event is now eagerly looked forward to by the students, and hopes that the day is not far distant when the natives will actually go into training for them. Out of 31 prizes awarded, 16 were won by natives. At open sports for natives held in the Dalhousie Square, a team from this College won the tug of war, and gained the prize in Swiss drill. The superiority of the College· in athletics is probably due to the physic'll improvement of the students from daily exercise on the play-ground, coupled with the healthy occupation they have to undergo in the shops.

The conduct of the students during the year is reported to have been very fair, and no flugrant breaches of discipline occurred. The only case of expulsion was that of a European boy who left College against orders. The health of the students appears not to have been so satisfactory, 2·48 por cont. of the pupils having been sick daily, against 2·38 per cent. in the previous. year. It is gratifying to learn that no mortality took place in any of the 2,236 ca~os treated.

· 152. On -the 31st l'tfarch lagt there were 241 students in the"bonrdinghouses-214 Hindus and 27 Christians. Eleven of the latter pay a reduced fee of Rs. 5, five are free, and 11 pay the full messing- fee of Rs. 20. Of the Hindus 39 pay at Rs. 2 per mensem and the rest .at Rs. 7, the full cost of messing for native students. The total expenditure incurred on account of the Hindu mess was Rs. 14,318, and of the Christian mess Rs. 5,054, of which Rs. 12,053 and Rs. 2,352 respectively came from fees.

The total expenditure of the College during the yeur, exclusive of the boarding charges, was Rs. 92,801, of which Rs. 83,042 was met from Provincial revenues and Rs. 9,759 from fees. The corregponding figures f?r the r,~eceding y~ar were ~s. 72,387, Rs. 60,888, and Rs. _11,499, respe?tlvely.. I he increase IS due clnefly to the purchase of machmes for the mstrucbon of the students and for the purchase of new tents for survey work, these two items costing over Rs. 15,000. .

153. Dacca Survey Scllool.-On the 31st March last there were 208 pupils on the roll, against 221 in the preceding year. One hundred and s~venty-seven belonged to the first-year and 91 to. the second-year class. Owwg to large demands for men for cadastral surveys with the plano tab!? in almost all the districts, the first-year students are now taught to survey With the plane table, and the second-year students to lay do~ true merid}an and. to dete~mine the latitude of places by practical astronomical observations. S1Xty pupils of the

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84 REPORT OF TEE DIRECTOR

second-year class.went up for the final examination, of whom 38 obta~~~;ed pass certificates. The Principal, Dacca · College, under wbos~ ~upem~10n the school is remar'ks that the demand for passed students 1s mcreasmg year by ye.a; so that there is not one of them unemployed. Even. those that failed at the final examination are reported to have s:cured employment. The gross expenditure amounted to Rs. 6,~73, agamS't Rs. ?•0?3 in the preceding year, of which Rs. 3,231 w~s pa1d from .the ProvmCia! revenues and Rs. 3 642 raised from fees. The mcrease IS mamly due to the cost of new theodolites and survey instruments, and for additional furniture and house-rent for extra accommodation. . · · ·

154. Patna Surveu School.-The roll-number was 107, against 134 in the preceding year. Forty-eight of the students belonged to the first-year, and 59 to the second-year class. The indoor work of both the classes from July to November was much the ~ame as before, ·The field work began from the middle of November and lasted till the middle of March. Forty-eight students of the second-year class went up to the final examination, of whom 38 were successful. The total expenditure of the school was Rs. 5,781, against Rs. 4,210 in the preceding year, of which . Rs. 4,329 was paid from Provincial revenues and Rs.1,452 was raised from fees. The increase was chiefly due to extra grants for instruments, furniture and repairs. . · .

155. Outtaclc Survey .SChool.-The numerical strength of tliis institution on the 31st March last was 42, against 77 in the previous year. The decrease is attributed to passed students having not yet been provided with employment-a state of things quite contrary to what is said to be the case in the Dacca School. Twenty-seven of the students are Uryas, 4 are domiciled Bengalis, 10 are genuine Bengalis, and 1 is a Telugu. Forty-six candidates went up to the final examination in April 1891, of w)10m 35 passed. The total expenditure amounted to Rs. 3,210, against Rs. 3,019 in the preceding year, of which Rs. 2,654 was paid from Provincial revenues and Rs. 556 raised from fees and other sources. The increase is due to the grade increments of the head-master and the purchase of a new level. The expenditure from Provincial revenues in the preceding year was Rs. 2,260. . .

156. ARTS AND lNDUSTRY.-The Government School of Art is the most important institution under this head. 'l'he other schools are elementary in their character, and impart instruction in carpentry, blacksmiths' work, and so on.

157. School of Art.-lt had 181 pupils on the roll on the 31st March last, against 173 in the preceding year. The total expenditure was Rs. 31,507, of which Rs. 27,352 :was paid from Provincial revenues, and Rs. 4,155 was raised from fees. The corresponding figures for the previous year ·were ):ls. 30,373, Rs. 26,292, and Rs. 4;081 respectively. ·

. The recent resolution of the Government of Bengal, making drawing a compulsory part of the course in training schools, and all but compulsory for the Entrance examination, has given a strong impetus to the cause of Art education in Bengal. Passed students of this school now rank themselves liS teachers. along with University graduates, and the habit of treating artists and artizans alike, which is so strong in this country, is likely to give way ere long. A taste has also been created for artistic excellence in school literature. Books illust!ated afte~ the European method .are coming int? fashion, and engraving, hthography, photography and etchmg are almost 1n general demand; As· it ~a the only school of the kind in Bengal, the supply of trained artists is accordmgly far short of the demand. The Government order to take into considerati_on the marks in drawing in t~e award of junior scholarships has to be kept m abeyance for want of a sufficient supply of teachers. The school is at present capable of turning out only some eight teachers a year, while the nu_mber immediately required for the country, by Government as well as by pr1vate parties, would, perhaps, be a hundred, if effect had to be given to the above·mentioned order at once. ·

. The proposed classes for etching and photography could not be opened durmg tho year for want of :proper accommodation. They will be opened on the removal of tLe school to 1t.~ permanent location in Chowringhee.

The_ wo:ks of t~e s~udents. ~xhibited at.the Art Society's Exhibition have fully mnmtamed the1r h1gh pos1t10n. Many of them were sold, the Mah&rajas of Darbhaoga and Bettiah being amongst the purchasers.


Plates for the Botanical Garden, illustrations by lithography of the Tech· nical Art Series publications, locust plates for the Government of India, and engraving for the Indian Museum kept the two technical classes fully engaged during the year .

. 158. Government Art Gallery.-The gallery was open to the public for 157 days. The number of visitors during the year was 3,495, of whom 443 were Europeans, 2,4-12 Hindus, and 610 Muhammadans. The sanctioned grant was Rs. 10,000, of which Rs. 1'>,674 was spent during the year, Rs. 3,424 for house-rent, Rs. 1,656 for establishment, and the rest on taxes and contingencies.

The number of pictures ~ow in the possession oi the Gallery is-

Oil-colour paintings Water-colour paintings Engravings Chromo-lithogTaphs Chalk and pencil drawings ... Photographs and other works of art

Total

78 96 18 61 20 ~

807

The number was therefore exactly the same as in the preceding year. · No new additions were made during the year, as there is no accommodation for new purchases. .

· 159. IndU8trial Schoola.-The number of industrial schools has advanced from 15 to 18, as already explained. Three of them are maintained by the department, 3 by District Boards, 6 are aided and 6 unaided.

The Government Industrial School at Ranchi had 29 pupils on the roll against 36 in the previous year. They were all Christians, 19 being Uraons

. and 10 Mundas. Carpentry· and blacksmith's work continued to be tau<>ht as hitherto, and a little drawing was added during the year under report.

0

The discontinuance of teaching reading, writing and arithmetic is, the Assistant Inspector of Schools, Chota Nagpur, thinks, a change in the wron"' direction and directly against the desire of Government .. This, he fears, will cause the school to degenerate into a mere workshop. The total expenditure during the year was Rs. 3,6901 of which Rs. 1,555 was paid by Government and Rs. 2,135 from the interests on invested funds and from the sale proceeds of manufactured articles. The increase in the receipts from private sources from Rs. 952 to Rs. 2,135 was duP1 in a great measure, to a larger number of articles·having been sold during the year. · .

Full informlltion with regard to the two Government industrial schools in the Bhagalpur Division is wanting. They are both in the Sonthal Parganas, maintained from the Sonthal Education Fund. They had five pupils in all, and cost Rs. 26.8, of which Government paid Rs. 210.

160. The Board Industrial Schools are those at Rangpur, Barisal, and Purnea. The Rangpur school had 60 pupils on the rolls against 71 in the pre· ceding year. The total expenditure was Rs. 5,512, of which Rs. 1,976 was paid by Government, Rs. 2;018 by the District Board, and Rs. 1,518 from other sources. · 'l'he Barisal School has 28 students against 29 in the preceding year. The school is intended to have two sections, viz., upper and lower, but no boy has as yet taken admission into the lower section, in which carpentry and blacksmith's work only are to be taught. The subjects taught in the upper section are arithmetic, geometry, mensuration, drawing, surveying, carpentry and blacksmith's work. · The annual examination was for the first time held in April1891, and 19 candidates were declared to have been successful. Some of the successful candidates were awarded sch<;>larships created by the District Board to attract pupils. The total expenditure was Rs. 1,515, against Rs. 882 in the preceding year, of which Rs. 188 was raised from fees and the rest met from the District Fund. The Purnea School had 15 pupils on the roll. 'l'he total cost was Rs. 198, all met by the District Board. ·

161. 'J'he number of aided industrial schoola declined from :r to 6, in con· sequence of the abolition of the industrial class attached to the Kaodi Model School. The Murshidabad School had 53 pupils on the rolls against 60 in the preceding year. The subjects taught are carpentry, Mdri-making, clock-repairing and embroidery. The. e~pe!lditure amounted toRs. 99-1, of whi~h ~s. 300

. was paid by the local mum01pahty. The Calcutta Industnal School IS vutually

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te h · al class attached to the Bishop's College School under the Society for ~he Prr::;agation of the Gospel. It had 28 pupil.s against 27 in th~ preceding .

The total expenditure was Rs. 1,527, of wh1ch Rs. 300 was paid by Gov. ye:~ent Rs 500 raised by selling the articles made by the pupils, but shown :fees, ~nd the rest met from the mission fund. It teac~es carp~ntry and similar other useful trades. There are thr~e schools of th1s class m the _Bur~wa11 Division-two in Midnapore and one 1n Bankura. Of the two schools m M1dua.

ore one is under the American Bapti8t Mission and the other is the Maishadal ~aj~'s Technical School, recently ~ransferred to the manage~ent of the District Board. The former had 55 puplls and the latter 49, agamst ?2 and 27 respectively in the precedi.ng year. . The. head-master of the Maishadal ~chool 18 an ex-pupil of the . S1bpur Engmeermg College. The roll-num?er .m the Bankura Industrial Sehool rose from 33 to 43, Government c~ntr1butwns to these three schools were Rs. 180, Rs. 628, and Rs. 213, respect1vely, and the district fund grant to the :M:~ishadal ~chool. ":a~ R~. 200 during the year. The Balasore 'rechnical School m the Onssa D1vts10n IS managed by the Reverend z F Griffin of the Baptist Mission. It had 88 pupils, against 79 in the p;ec~ding ye~r. 'fue total outlay w~s Rs. 676, of which Rs. 364 was con-tributed by Government. . . . • · 162. The number ofuna1ded miiustrial schools has mcreased from 4 to 61

the two new class~s being returned from Chota Nagpur. The unaided class attached to the Jemua Middle Vernacular School in the Presidency Division is maintained by a local zamin?~r. I.t had 35 pupils. on t~e rolls against 32 in the previous year, a!l~, was d1v1ded mto two classes m whiCh ~arpentry and sewing were _taught. I_he total cost was R~. 92 only, of wh~ch Rs. 20 w~s raised by sellmg the articles made by the pupils. The two una1tled schools 1n 1\Ionghyr and the Sontbal J?arganas with 148 pupils. coat Rs. 240. in all, me~ from endowment and other sources. The ·Alalpur Una1ded Industrial School In the interior of the Balasore district was attended by 18 pupils, who were taught carpentry and needlework. The District Board is reported to have decided to aid the institution with a monthly grant of Rs. 10. The schools at Bend and Chai· bass!i. in the Chota Nagpur Division, the latter under the Anglican Mission, were attended by 15 and 3 pupils respectively. 'l'he latter cost Rs. 96 to the Mission Fund. The expenditure on the former has not been shown in the returns. An artizan school is said to be maintained by the District Board of Tippera also; but, as it is more of the nature of a workshop, the Board did not include it in the school returns.

163. Board scholarships for the encourogemen~ of Technical eaucation.-It is evident from the foregoing summary that technical education of an elementary character is gradually making its way among the people, and that the District Boards and other local authot·ities are also beginning to patronize it. The Sibpur Engineering College, with its workshop and apprentice department, is the main centre from which .the various industrial schools in the mufassal, annually springing up, are to get their supply of qualified teachers, and it is to this centre that the best boys of these schools should ultimately come for higher training. Some o£ the District Boards have created scholarships for the encouragement of such higher industrial studies. The District Board of 1\Iidnapore has created a scholarship of ,Rs. 10 a. month to enable the best student ?f the Maisha?al Raj 'l'echnical School to be trained at Sibpur. The .llfymensmgh Board la1d out Rs. 90 for the encouragement of technical educati?n, but it does not appear ho.w the money was spent. The District Board of. T1ppera.founded two schol~rsh1ps of the value of Rs: 15 a month each, tenable at the S1bpur College for five years. The N oakhah J{oard created, in 1890, a scholarship of Bs. 10 a month, tenable at the same College for five years, and it again sanctioned another during the year under report .

. 164. Other ~chools.-'l'hirteen. schools have been returned under this head, a~ m the prece.dmg :J;"~ar, of. whiCh 1. is supported by Government, 8 are at~ed, and 4 u~a1ded .. I he ~hutea Boa;d1f!g Sc~ool, maintained by Government,

. Will soon be. a~alg_amated w1th the DarJeehng Z1IIah School, on the completion of the. new bUildmg mtended to accommodate them. The number of pupils fell off from 58 to 40. '.'This .was cau~~d," writes Mr. Bellett, "by the removal from the ro_IIs of cer~am puptls who di~ not seem likely to serve Government in the capac1ty t.o whtch the school was mtended to educate." Four music sclwols1 1 in

~. ,,~, 1~-~~~~-· '- , -- - - -- ,, '"!!'7, I ,

If., ... ..... ... -...

I

' '

I

I --c. I --'

"/ .

-;;:. lt1b!ll'uro '/ -

/..

'l 0

I· / ·I ·

,, ol" ,,, ..

s ,,

B .\

Ot".

n E X

lftau .af f~.e LOWER PROVINCES

~"' 0 p .

mm~~AJL '/ S HOWING

(•

IG

THE EXTENT OF FEMALE EDUCATION in 1891· 92.

,,

'' olo I Jr. .. , h-1\ll)fll,., ' "' ••••-•""~ ~· ~· .. ~· ~ · •.. [!-~~

./; " '' , ... ... '

'

y

~\. I ..

I ~ II \ ~

•/ ..-

R E F E R E II C E S .

Class 1. 2 to 6 p~1 cent.

II 2. 1 to 2 II II ~

II 3. -! to 1 II II !W~

II 4. below t II II


Calcutta and 3 in the Bankura district of the Burd w.an Division, and four mew. Samkrit Schools in the Patna Division, viz , the Aurangabad Pathsala aided by L'"'""'"''o•. the· Gaya District Board, the Revilganj Rivers Thompson Gautama Pathsala, and Motihari Sanskrit Pathsala, aided by the 1\Iunicipahties, and the .Madhubani Sanskrit school, aided by the Department, have been returned as aided 'other schools' of the year. It is not clear why these pathsalas have been classified under this head instead of as Sanskrit tols. The Calcutta Music School had 42 pup.ils on the rolls, against 38 in the preceding year. The total expenditure was Rs. 1,200, of which Government paid Rs. 300. 0£ the three music schools in the Bankura district, the school at Bankura had 24 pupils and got Rs. 120 from Government. The other two schools had a total attendance of 42 pu.I?ils, and were nominally aided by the District Board with Re. 1 each, posstbly for furnishing the annual returns. .

The Rangpur Music School, with an attendance of thirteen pupils only, the Patna Police Training School, with 60 pupils, the Chapra Pathsala, and the Buxar Railway School, intended to train the coolies employed by the Railway Goods Department in the technicalities of their work and in the rules and regulations of the railway administration, are the four unaided "Other schools" on our returns.

VII.-FEMALE EDUCATION . •

. 165. The progress of female education has been incidentully noticed in con· nection with the College Department of the Bethune School, the !IIedical College, and th~ several medical schools of the province. The present section purports to deal with the .secondary and :primary education of native girls, the education of Europeans and Eurasians bemg separately reported on in the subsequent section.

166. The following statement compares the statistics of schools for general education for native girls for the last two years:- · ·

1890-91. 1891-92. Git•l•'. School<. ,... ,---. ..A.--~

Schools. Pupils. Sohools, l'upilo.

Managed by Government Distri·;t

2 198 2 241 Ditto by Municipal and lloards ... 5 210 5 238

Aided by Government or by Municipal or District lloards ... ... 2,055. 42,733 2,368 68,209

Unaided 176 8,307 831 fi,511

Total 2.238 46,418 2.706 6~.199

Girls in boys' sohools 82,411 32,749

GB!ND· Tor.o.L 2,238 78,866 2,706 86,948

The number of girls' schools has advanced froiu 2,238 to 2,706, or by 468 and that of pupils attending them from 46,448 to 54,199, or by 7,751. The nu~ber of girls reading in boys' schools bas also increased by 332. The net result of the year's operationR has thus been a gain of 468 schools and 8,083 pupils. There has been a gain of 313 schools aided from public sources, and of 155 schools returned as unaided. The only two schools managed by Government are the Bethune Collegiate School, Calcutta, and the Eden Female School, Dacca.

With the exception of Patna and Bhagalpur, there was a gain of schools in all the Divisions, the fluctuations in most places being- the result of the ordinary increase in the demand for female education. But the increase of schools in the Dacca Division from 460 to 650 (by 190) and in the Chittagong Division from 370.to 603 (by 233), at a leap, is rather extraordinary. The Dacca Division, it may be remarked, had been losing girls' schools for the last few years. It bad 666 schools in 1888-89, 507 in 1889-90, and 460 in 1890-91. The number now returned indicates, therefore, an almost complete recovery from the losses of the two previous years. But Chittagong- is even ahead of Dacca, at any rate, as regards one of its districts, viz., Tippora, where the

FKU.lLB ,

BtlUO.&.TJOK,

FBHALB

BDUOA'l'ION.


number of girls' school$ has risen in the course of a single year from 276 with 3 724 .pupils to 499 with 6,972 pupils. As may be naturally inferred, the e~pans10n was P':rely artificial.' a.nd the Assistant lnspecto~ of Schools, in quoting the followmgfrom the distnct report; fears that there Will be shortly a reaction equally startling:-

"In the beginning of the past year the District Board framed, for the . encouragement of female education, rules by which for the attendance of 10 girls the guru would be entitled to a reward of Rs. 3 a month, and for every additional gir~ annas 4. As tllese rules. depended on attendance only, tile gurus devoted all their attention to the mere collection of girls. Besides the rates were so higll, and the gurus took advantage of them so well, that the girls' rewara.; migllt swallow nearly the whole .of the primary allotment. I then proposed :ates·

· varying from annas 2 to annas 8 per gU"l, dependent on attendance a':ld progre~s ~ombmed. The Board raised those rates 50 per cent., and the result was that t~e.bille ~or gU"ls rewards went on swelling, from quarter to quarter, nnd th~ Board found It Impossible to pay them. Heavy reductions were made, but still some bills were outstanding at the end of tile year."·

167. The following table gives the attendance and expenditure in schools for native girls:- ·

ga = .,; I 0 EXPBNDITUBB-

.!1 <l!o t~ i 8 §-:! 'il "'~ Prom public funds. From private

~g~ a• ,;- funds, CL.UB o:r SCIIOOLS. •• TOTA.L, '!l OoOO oB .,'!l

-~

t~ ~ "'f.d • P"!vln-1 Distdot I Municipal ., ~.e ~~ I Other ~ .!!'. rev~~~~e:~. funds. funds.

Fee a. source:~ . ... ,a ~ .. •• z :.~ .. ~ !;•

Ra. Us, Rs, Rs. Rs. Rs.

llan~ed by Govornment ... a 2U 207 161 18,086 ... I20 O,M3 S7~ 24,527

Ditto bY District or Muni-oipal Bonrda.

~ . 2SS 228 1 .. ... ... I,420 ... .. 1,<615

Aided by Govnrnmnnt or bJ:. District or Municipal Boar

2,SBS · 49,209 4S,SSS 83,538 76,408 26,929 8,1531 18,61.7 1,82,219 8,11,633

Uno.lded ... ... ... .. . 331 6,511 •. sss 3,767 ... ... .. . 3,431 14,013 17,4+6

---------- ----------Toto.l ... 2,706 54,199 49,207 37,608 94,0941 26,929 to, on '1fT ,S9t 1,96,655

~--l.sl.ODS __ __,I '----2:2s.m--' 8,515,069

The total expenditure from .public sources shows ·an advance from Rs." 1,26,520 to Rs. 1,31,09:i, or by Rs. 4,573, while that from private sources has declined from Rs. 2,24,567 toRs. 2,23,976, or by Rs. 591. 'l.'he increase under. public sources is quite in keeping with the increase in the number of aided schools during the year; while the slight falling off under private sources must not be taken to indicate any revulsion of feeling on the part of the people with regard to female education, as there had been an increase under this head of Rs. 17,779 in the previous year. The expenditure from Provincial revenues increased from Rs. 91,472 to Rs. 94,094, or by Rs. 2,622, in spite of a slight. decrease in the two schools managed by the Department, and that from district and municipal funds by· Rs. 1,46J and Rs. 490 respectively. It may be mentioned here that female education in this country being yet in its initial stage, it was not thought desirable to make over the control of grant-in-aid girls' schools to District Boards at the time the Local Self-Government Act was introduced. Schools in Board areas, therefore, except those assisted from the primary fund, still continue to receive grants from the Department. This is the reason why, in comparison with the schools for boys, the district and municipal contributions bear so small a proportion to those from Provincial revenues. In dealing with applications for grants-in-aid, those for girls' schools receive the first consideration, and the cost increases from year to year, as funds are available.

The increased expenditure under distxict funds shows that the Boards • are. fully alive to the importance of providing for female ed"ucation though

in a few cases, as in Burdwan, the seriou.s misapprehension existed quite' recently that" such education was under the exclusive charge of the Department." In some districts,,as in Pabna, the Bo_ard~ have created ~pecial scholarsh!ps for girls, who may quahfy themselves as midw1ves by attendmg any recoumsed medical school in Calcutta or elsewhere. · · 0

·


168. The following statement shows, Division by Division, how schools for native girls were classified according to their status during the past two years:-

Bran ENGLISH. I liiDDLB EliOLJSH, I Mrnnu v.nN.&.cuuB.I UPI'EB PB.tli.UIT, Low a a Pnnu .. ay. I

FEll ALl BDUCATION.

ToTAL

l)IVISJOI', Schools. I l»t!pils. I School•. I Pupil a. Schools. Pupila. Schools. Pupils. I Schools. I Pup ilL I Schoo II. Pupils,

1801,,1692.,1891.,1899. 1891.,1892. 1891, ls92.,t89I.,I89ll.jtsot.jtsu\t89I. ISM.jt89t.jlm Jr89t.jtS92.. \ tstlt. 1191. 1&91,

Presldcney ... ... ... iii7 '"t ... ... I "i• 1 1 .. 47 10 " "'" ... r.• 3M O,!t'l'l 7.""' ,..

Calcutta. ' • 641 1 79 7 9 ..., 6>0 tn , .. 4,:t'...S ..... ., "" ),,'\!1.3 1,11~.5 m Ohota Nagpur ::· ... ... .. ... ...

'"t 'lo "it ···, ···s i2t ''&o IS " .... tl~S 110 110 :..~:14 2,73\l ltS Durdwo.n , .. ... ... ... .. . 1 70 77 2.t17 ..... 1118 200 3,410 3,616 2~R Orissm. •• -· ... ... ... ... ... ... .. . ' ' ..,. 261 11 10 S!IO ""' 78 •• l,MI 1, 7l!3 •• ~rissa. Tributary ... .. .. .. . ... .. ... ... ... ... ... .. . 1 1 07 •• • • 1 .. 118 7

llo.balB, area ... 1 1 00 114 ... ... ... .. . • • ... lOS •• •• 647 .. . ._,. 61S ft,ll.'n. 0,3-"iS 100

. Chitt~ong ... ... ... .. . ... ... "'t ... '12 1 1 .. ~· • • 1117 .., ... r:.v-t f.,ll..~ R,Sil-1 ""' Ro.jshabl ... ... ... ... .. . ... • • 76 00 • • ""' 2:07 ,. •• 1.:n2 1,-1!1~ ..

l'o.tna ... ... . .. ... ... 1 1 '25 .. ·-, '"t '29 ''io 1 1 .. 21 ..,, 2:!-1 :\,HtH :J,i:kl ..... Phagalpur

Total

... ... ... ... ... . .. .,: • 00 3tll 117 m ::!,:1:1\ 2,017 us ... -.1-o ml--s illf139 1--;- f---

03'1 ' .. 1,4Sl 1,43S "" 0,10010,778 1, ... 0,381 ""'"' ·~.2..."!1 2.Z38

The above shows that by far the most part of these schools wore lower primaries, the schools of higher status being few and far between. I proceed to remark on them class by class.

169. High English scltools for girla.-There are six schools of this class, of which two are maintained by the Department, three are aided, and one school is unaided. Calcutta alone returns five schools and Dacca one.

The two departmental schools are, as already said, the Bethune School in Calcutta and the Eden Female School in Dacca. The following extracts from the Calcutta and Dacca reports will give sufficient information regarding their working :- · ·

" The Bethune Collegiate School had 127/upils on the rolls, against 108 in the previous year. The Government expenditure decrease by Rs. 1,295, and the total oxpen<liture by Rs. 1,669. The fee-receipts olso fell off from Rs. 5,660 in the Jlreceding year to Rs. 5,254, of whioh Rs. 2,740 was the boarding fee and the rest sohool fee. The institution is under the management of a Committee with the Chief Justice as President. It consists of both day• scholars and boarders. Fifty·nine of the pupils were Hindus, 59 Bmhmo.s, and 9 Native Christians. The paucity of Hindu girls for whom the institution was originally founded is due to causes not yet explained. It may be hoped that the community o.s a whole does not dislike the internal management of the school; but the reason why, instead of sending their trrls to this, admittedly the best school in the town, they avail themselves of other institutions, 18 worth enquiry. There are special classes for drawing and music, and tho pupils are prepared for the various standards of examination, from the lower primary to the Entranctl. The school passed three girls out of six and four out of five in standards VI and IV respective· ly at the last girls' scholarship examination. Seven girls competed an the Entrance oxiLlllin• ation in February last, of whom two only were successful. • .

"The Eden Female School at Dacca had 114 pupils on the rolls, agmnst 90 tn the pre· vious year. The total cost was Rs. 6,444, of which the contribution from Government was Rs. 5,857, and that from municipal funds Rs. 120. The fee-collection rose from Rs. 80 in the preceding year to Rs. 89 dunng the year under report, but local subscriptions fell off from Rs. 797 to Rs. 378. Two ~iris appeared from this school at the last University Entrance examination, of whom one po.ssed in the third division. · In 1885.86 this school sent up two girl candidates to the Entrance e:s:aminntion, and succeeded in pllSsing one of them in the third division. During this interval there were no girls in the first olass to be sent to the Entrance examination. During the ;rear under report no girl appeared from the school at the middle or the upper primary exammation, but 14 girls were sent up to the lower primary examination, of whom 11 were successful."

Miss Chandramukhi Bose, M.A., the first native lady who took the highest University honours in this country, is the Lady Superintendent of the Bethune College, while the Eden Female School is under the superintendence of Mrs. Stansbury.

The aided high English schools for girls a~e. the Christ Chu~ch School, the Foundling Asylum, and the Free Church TraJ!lmg Scho?l-.allm <;:nlcutta. They are under missionary management, and r~ce1ve grants·m-nJd varymg from Rs. 2,000 to Rs. 1,200 a year. Although teachmg up to ~he Entr~nce. stnnd~~·d, the Foundling Asylum does not compete at any pubhc ~xnn;nnnt1on. ·I he Christ Church sent up three girls t~ the la~t ~ntrnnce exammatwn, but nil of them failed. Oue gul attended th1s exawmahon from the Free Church School and passed.

N

H!OS. I'S91.,189!.

"'' ,, ....... ~no 171 (!,!IH O.,!UD

"'' 8,SI.K'l s.~;:s

'"" fi,OIS II,HS .. !.1~ s,.no 7 m "' (ISO '7.4~, 10o40l

61\3 &.1':7 1',1\,'U .. 1,110\1 1, ... :\0 2:!d s.~~~ ~.!olnl 118 I ~M:!O 2,~7

S.7oo ...... ~1\lt

FE>IALB

EDUCATION.


The Brahma Balika Sikshalaya in Calcut~a, which has been newly returned, is the only unaided high English school for girls. · 170. Middle English schools for girls.-Four schools have been. returned under this head, against three in t~e previous year. The new .school belongs to the Rajshahi Division. None of these schools passed any pupils at the middle English scholarship examination.

171. Middle vernacular schools for girls.-There were 22 of these schools last year, against 24 in the year b~fore. Calcutta :eturns the largest number (9 ). There was a gain of two schools m Calcutta, wh1le Burdwan and Dacca lost two schools each. The results of the examination will be found in a table later on.

172. Upper Primary Schools for girls.-These schools have advanced from 274 to 293, Dacca alone having gained 1~ schools. One hundred and twentythree of them belong to Calcutta, and the following extract from the report on education in the town of Calcutta will throw some light on their character:"Fifty of these with 3,575 pu~ils were girls' schools proper, ?'n.d 73 with 4.16 pupils were zenana schools. ] or the purpose of the returns 1t 1s the practice to count each zenana teacher (generally in charge of 4 or 5 pupils) as a separate school."

173. Lower Primary Schools for girls.-The large increase of girls' lower primaries (from 1,932 with 35,217 pupils to 2,381 with 42,289 pupils) has been already explained. The largest numbers have been returned from the Dacca and Uhittagong Divisions. Most of these schools are aided from the district funds, usually on a more liberal scale than similar institutions for boys.

174. It is clear from what has been already said that most of the schools of a higher status are situated in Calcutta. They are, with few exceptions, under the management of the various missionary societies, who have organised agencies all over the town for educating girls in zenanas and at school. The success in this connection of the American, the Church of England, the Church of Scotland, the Free Church, the Baptist, the Diocesan, and the London Missions deserves prominent mention. The Baptist Mission has been making slow but steady progress with no material help from Government as yet. The other missions receive grants from the Department for zenana teaching as well as s~hool instruction. .

175. The following table summarises the expenditure in the principal institutions for female education in Calcutta, which receive aid from the Department :-

S5 Ordinary grant-in-aid schools 19 "Primary grant schools S Orphanages 1 Training sohool 4 Zenana agencies . , .

22 Schools supported from zenana grants

Total

Pupils.

l!,760 1,165

228 31

823 1,379

5,1186

Monthly grants.

Rs, A.. p~

1,210 10 8 147 0 0 215 0 0 160 0 0

1,192 0 0

--2,924 10 8 --

The total monthly grant has risen from Rs. 2,876 to. Rs. 2,925. The. Church of England Training School returned only 4 pupils in

1890-91. As the number was too low for the handsome grant of Rs. 2,000 per annum from Government, the managers amalgamated with it the native training class attached to the central school under the same mission, Thus we have got only one training school during the year under report instead of two with an attendance of 31 pupils. '

.The zena~a agencies (Baptist exclude~, with 93 pupils, inasmuch as it rece1ve? no atd. from ~he Department) agam show a falling off in the number of. puplls un.der_ mstruct10n, _from 358 to 323. As pointed out in the last report, thts clearly mdicates th~t With the advancem~nt ~f female ed~cation i,n regular day schools, the necessity for zenana teachmg 1s slowly disappearmo-, The I~spe~tor of Schools, Presidency Circle, will be requested to suggest 0 a redistribution. of f;l"ant? between zenana schools proper and regular day schools, in commumcat1on With the heads of the several missions concerned. .

OF PUBUC INSTRUCTION. 91

176. Besides the zenana agencies, there are a few local associations in the country for the promotion of female education. The most important of them are (1) the Uttarpara Hitakari Sabha, (2) the Bengal Central Union, (3) the Jessore-Khulna Union, (4) the Taki Hitakari Sabha, (5) the Faridpur Suhrid Sabha, (6) the l'lfymensingh Sammilani. All of them are more or less examining bodies, their main object being the encouragement of female education in the· zenana. Numbers 3, 5, and 6 are in receipt·of aid from the respective District Boards, which, with subscriptions raised from among the members, enables them to give prizes and rewards to successful teachers and pupils. As missionary operations are mainly confined to large cities like Calcutta and their environs, or far-off places like those in Chota Nagpur, the associations above mentioned, formed by the people themselves, cannot, when properly conducted, fail to be of immense benefit to the cause of female education in tracts where " enlightened orthodoxy" is still a bar to its progress. The Faridpur Suhrid Sabha examined 118 female candidates, of whom 104-a rather high figure~were declared to have been successful. The following statement shows the results of the Uttarpara Hitakari Sabha, the standards of which closely resemble those originally adopted for Calcutta and its neighbourhood:-

NUMBER oP Ex.unNBBB NUMDBB PASSRD. ScJioLA..BsBIPs onr.uNBD. AT-

DISTRICT.• ,; !i ....: ,; ,; .: ,;

·~ l 0· 0 o;j 3 0 0 o;j 3 ·a .:l '§ ·a ·~ ·a " 0 " ~ 0 " .!:l 0 .... "' E-< .... <1l £-< .... "' ... E-<

Howrah ... 88 6 2 46 19 2 ... 21 9 1 . .. 10 Hoo~hly ... 16 1 2 26 H 6 2 21 6 5 a 13 13ur wan ... 81 8 1 40 29 8 1 88 9 1 ... 10 Birbhum ... 16 s ... 19 8 1 . .. 9 8 1 ... 9 Bankura ... 43 6 ... 49 86 6 . .. 41 11. 2 ... IS Midnapore ... 41 9 1 51 82 1 1 40 9 8 . .. 12 ------1230 --- - -------- -Total ... 185 39 6 138 29 ' 170 52 18 2 61

The above shows a decline of 6 under examinees, of 46 under those who were successful, and of 4 under those who won scholarships. The percentage of success has gone done from 91·5 to 73·8, but still it iq higher than that in the Calcutta special standards, in which 60 per cent. of the candidates were successful. The Assistant Inspector of Schools, Burdwan Division, however, is not fully satisfied with the working of this Sabha. He remarks that-

"Unusual delay is made year by year in publishing the results in time, nnd further, the courses for the several grades of examinations have undergone no ohange for many years past. This is, by no means, a sign of progress. It is desirable, therefore, under the circumstnnoea, that the girls' sohools should now either adopt the departmental stnndo.rde of examination, known aa the middle vernacular, upper primary nnd lower primary examinations, or the revised standards for girls nnd zen{ma as sanotioned by Government." .

The work done by the other associations bas not been officially reported. 177. The zenana schools proper are under the inspection of l'lfrs. Wheeler,

Inspectress of Schools, Calcutta, the day-schools being visited by the ordinary male inspecting officers as well. Mrs. Wheeler also inspects schools out of Calcutta when specially required. She has furnished the examination returns of 61096 pupils, which may be thus summarised:-

NAHB OJ MIBSION, of pupils /Numbnr examined.

IA,,IB., II.J III I IV., v. I VI., VIL /vm., Total. I Toto! I Num"'r lila pUiicd. rejl!Ctod, ll4ll'l:

Church of England ... 2,170 ... . ..... ,.~ "I-* ·~· 111 l,f'Y.III Church of Scotland ... 1,428 , .. 100 157 117 SB S 0 ,., .,. 7:u 110 r.,.~

Diocesan ,,, ... 81>3 186 1858413529 9 s ...... 4SI) t• S:l.l AmerlCILn ••• • .. l,lOG 130 tlS ., ... 10 ~ 1 ... . .. ~II 1!19 G<IIJ Free Church .,. ... .... •• S3SllGSt ......... 118 8 IJB lllscella.noou:~ •.. ~18 13 2 16 ll ... 3 ..• ... . .. ...,

"' 13<1

--- "''f"3f 8'"1 •• .. --..i ··· ··· Total ... 6,000 901 2,6n 013 2,1JJ6

The number of girls examined by lUra. Wheeler in 1889-90 was 4,085, and in 1890-91, when she was on leave for nearly six months, 2,861 only. .

N2

PDIALB EDUc.&.TION.

FB&[ALB

IDUCAnON.


178. The subjoined statement su~m':rises, Divis!on by Di.vision, the results of the various departmental exammat10ns. from m1dd.le Engh~h to .lower primary, in which girls compete ~m equal term~ w1t~ boys, Wlth.the. exce_phon. of science geometry and mensurat10n, and zammdarr accounts, Ill heu of wh1cb. they take up needle-work in some form or other:-

. NullnBn oP GtnLs PAssED AT TnB-

Middle Middle N A11B OP DIVlSIDNo scholarship scholarship U;pper Lower

examination examination primary from mid- from middle pn_marr

die En~lish vernacular ox:ammat1on. examination.

schoo s. schools.

Presidency ... ... ... 2 61

Durdwan ... ... 1 3 14

llnjshnhi ... ... 1 ... 6

Dacca ... ... ... ... 191

Chittagong ... ... ... 1 21 . ratna ... ... .. . 1 12

Bhngalpur ... ... .. . ... 40

Oris so. ... ... 3 21 183

Chota N agpnr ... ... .. . 8 67

Orissa Trilmtary Mahals ... ... ... 3 ---I Total ... ... 6 36 688

As in the previous year, the Orissa Division takes the lead in every examination, except the lower primary, in which it has been beaten by Dacca. The total numbers passed by the middle and upper primary standards have decreased by 6 and 27 respectively, while the number passed by the lower primary standard shows an increase of 5 only.

179. The ordinary departmental standards, however, are not well suited to girls. It was for this 1·eason that special standards were drawn up for Calcutta and its neighbourhood in 1887, and separate scholarships were created for three of. them, viz., standards IV, VI, and VII, which corresponded with the lower primary, upper primary, and middle courses for boys. 'l'he system became at once very popular, and gave rise to keen competition, which soon elevated the efficiency of the schools. '!'heir extension to mufassal districts· was accordingly sanctioned; but, as no additional scholarships could be created, most of the districts appeared to be reluctant to avail themselve~ of the change. It was for tliis reason that in paragraph 153 of the last report, Sir A. Croft expressed the desirability of separating some portion of the district allotment for scholarships, and confining it to girls' schools and candidates that would adopt the special standards. Such a course, he pointed out, would further be fair to the male candidat~s as well, since it was highly probable that the substitution of needle-work for Euclid, science, &c., the single concession allowed to girls in the ordinary examinations, gave the latter a material advantage in the competition for scholarships. A circular also was issued by him in November last, explaining these views to the District Boards; but the reports now received show that, partly because it was too late in the session, and partly because the teachers preferred in some cases to teach the ordinary course to both boys and girls, the special standards were net adopted to any appreciable extent. " The special standards, " writes the Inspector of .Schools, Presidency Circle, '!have not been adopted in other districts (than the 24-Parganas); l'lfost of the girls' schools are under gurus in charge of village pathsalas for boys, and they are said to prefer departmental (ordinary) standards, inasmuch as they find it convenient, in the majority of cases, to teach the boys and girls together." This objection, it may be observed, does not

OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.· 93

apply to independent girls' schools; that is, those. which are not under teachers who have boys' schools as well, and which are, on that account, far better than subsidiary schools. 'l'he Assistant Inspector of Schools, Chittugong, writes as follows:-

" The special standards. have not n9 yet been adopted in any district of this Division. Neither have any scholarships been sanctioned for girls who may be willing to qunlify them• selves by these standards." ·

The Joint-Inspector of Orissa writes:- . · "The District Boards of Cuttaok and Puri have not ns yet corns to nny decision regarding

the question of introducing the new standards prescribed for girls' schools. The Bnlasore District Board consider it expedient that the girls' schools should compete, as nt present, with boys' schools at the severn! departmental examinations ; the courses in their onse being modified by the substitution of needle-work in place of Euclid, mensuration and physics. The Board, however, have resolved to make a epeoial provision for soholar;hips to be awarded to successful girls in their district, thus leaving the Government scholarships to be competed for by boys alone."

The special standards have been adopted with some necessary modifica· tions by the Patna District Board, which has also set apart two scholarships for girls. "There is no reason," writes Dr. Martin, "why they should not be adopted throughout the Division, with the substitution of Bihari books for these prescribed in Bengali." The District Boards of Gaya, Champnrnn and Muzaffarpur also are said to have provided a scholarship each for the promo· tion of female education. The other divisional reports are silent on the sub· ject; but it may be presumed that no important action was taken in any of the Divisions to give effect to Sir Alfred Croft's recommendations.

180. The fourth examination for the award of the special scholarships in Calcutta was held in the Senate House in December last. The number of candidates for the seventh or middle standard was 27, for the sixth or upper primary standard 67, and for the fourth or lower primary standard 198, against 5, 24, and 175 respectively, in the previous year. 'l'he number passed by standard VII was 6, that by standard VI, 431 and that by standard IV, l:J6, the corresponding figures for the preceding year having been 3, 18, and 101 respectively. Two hunch·ed and forty-nine of the candidates came from Cal· cutta, 40 from the 24-Parganas, and 3 from Midnapur. All the 10 upper primary and 20 lower primary scholarships wer6 carried off by the Calcutta girls. In standard VII only two scholarships were awarded out of 51 for want of eligible candidates, of which one was taken up by Calcutta and the other by the 24-Parganas.

'l'he examinations were conducted by a Board of Examiners consisting of the In~pectress of Schools, the Deputy and Sub-Inspectors of Schools, Calcutta, and the Head Pandit, Calcutta Training School. F'ees were levied for the first time at the rate of annas 4, 8, and 12 respectively on each girl competing for standards IV, VI, and VII. 'l'he amount thus raised, together with the Government graut of Rs. 2551 was spent in remunerating the examiners, and meeting the various contingent cha,rges incurred iu. conducting the examinations.

Alto"'ether 62 schools competed at one or more of the standards, of which 46 were ;uccessful. The latter are thus classified according to management:American Mission 9, Church of Scotland Mission 5, London 1\lission 5, Churc'h Missionary Society 5, Free Church 6, Diocesan 7, Baptist 3, Methodist Episcopal 11 Wesleyan 1, Hindu management 3, Government I. ·

Of the unsuccessful schools 5 belonged to the London Mission, 1 to the church of Scotland, 1 to the Baptist, 1 to the Wesleyan, 5 to the Diocesan, and 3 were under Hindu management.

At the instance of Mrs. Wheeler, the special standards were revised last year, and an eighth standard added, The examination in these revised stand· ards will be held in December next.

VIII.-EDUCATION OF EUROPEANS.

FEll ALB

BD'CCATIO~.

181. The following table shows the number of European schools in Lower •occmo~ •• llenual on the 31st March 1892 (classified as Government, aided and unaided •uaonu•. -a;d, according to grade, as primary and secondary), as well as the number

IDUOATION OP

BUROPBANS.

94 REPORT OF 'fHE DIRECTOR

of scholars on that date also given:-

The corresponding figures for the 31st March 1891 are

3181' M...t.non 1801. SlaT MARCil 1892,

':l NUUDBB o• ':l NUMDBn 01' CLJ.BII OP SoiiOOLo •.!i ScJIOLA.RB. .~ SonoLA.ns.

.llg r a ..

Boys. I Girls. \ Total. a.3

Boys, J Girls,, Totnl, til~ gO :.:.~

(Government .. , ,., ... 1 81 (.illO

81 1 00 2',tbo DO

8BCOI<D£RT t Ald•d ... ... ... ... <1 !,188 4,647 40 2,377 5,016 19 1,277 ... ],603 11 1,161) 281 1,460 ecuooLB. UnAtded ,,. ... ... ---- - ----------

Total ... .. 8, ... 2,785 6,331 02 3,680 2,020 0,1:156 - -- - ----- ----ridod ... ... ... .. . 15 ... ... <08 10 ... 21D ...

Pnnu.aY Unaided ... ... ... ... r--::;.- ... ...... .. . ... ... ... BCIIOOL8,

Total ... liS 258 "' 1. 828 • •• M2 ----- ------ ---{ Government sohoola ... l 81 i,'its

81 I DO DO

Total tor ... Aided schools ,., ... 06 ...... G,H5 •• 2,70!1 .-;;,81 .... 8 Un.Uded sohools ... 19 1,277 ••• 1,603 ll 1,100 281 1,450 - ----

Gn .. UfD tOTAL POB ALL SCIIOOLB •• 3,701 3,038 6,820 fY1 3,069 3,139 7,008

Two new aided schools were opened during the year, and one old one was closed. 'rhis would give an increa~e of one in the number of schools of this class. The nominal decrease shown m the table results from the amalgamation of St. Anne's School with the Orphanage at Intally, and St. James's Parochial with the St. James's High School.

The closing of the Roberts' College has diminished the number of unaided schools by one.

The number of scholars in all cla$ses of European schools has increased by 269 the total exceeding 7,000 for the first time in the history of the Code. The G~vernment school at Kurseong shows an increase of 9, aided schools an increase of 413, and unaided schools a decrease of 153.

182. A classification of the schools according to their management is given below:-

SlST MA.llCII 1891, SlBl' M.&.ncn 1892.

l ·-... I I ·-_.o Primary. Sooondary, Total. Primo.ry. Secondary. Total, ~. ;;.8 'C.ll

COKTROLLJl'I'G AOJINCY, ~a~ ~~r! ,; ~ ~ ~ ] li :~• ~ li ,; ~ .,; 5 -'! •• .!1

.!~a g 0 I i;!3.8 0 0

g g 0 ~'3] .. .. ~ -5 .. .. .g -5 .. .. ..

~ 0 0 0 0 ~.Sf& dl 0 dl ~.s~ "' "' "' "' "' "' "' "'

Government ... ... ... ... 1 81 1 81 1'19 ... .. . 1 DO 1 90 1'27

Romnn Co.tholio ... • 169 24 s,:m 29 8,485 51'08 • 108 •• 8,600 29 3,708 61:1'05

Oburob ol Eng\ud ... 8 107 11 1,~ a l,GDl 2S•S 3 176 11 11 .. 26 16 1,008 28'DS

Varloua di.Aaenting bodi111 ... ... • .,. • <08 &'117 .. . ... • .. o • 4<0 . 6'28

Jows ... ... ... .. . ... • ... • ... 3'<1 ... ... • 208 • 208 2'9

Armenlnns,., ... ... ... .. . l 01 1 8l '70 ... ... 1 C8 1 .03 ·o Railway Companies ... • 110 8 1<1 9 "'' 3'70 7 1 .. 2 76 9 230 S'Sf

Private Jndivldunla ... 1 •D 5 888 6 oiSI 0'81 1 so • .,. 0 ••• oi'l4

Non-donotDlnationrrJ ... 1 1& 9 978 8 998 4'29 1 20 • ••• 8 818 • •• ------ ----------- ---- ------Total ... 10 <OS .. O,sst •• 6,829 100 16 ... OS 6,5116 68 7,098

The Jewish schools, the railway schools, and the private adventure schools all show a falling off in the number of pupils. Every other class shows not only an increase in actual numbers, but also an ihcreased percentage of the total number of scholars.

Of the four schools managed by Dissenters, two are connected with the American Methodist Mission, one is controlled by the Baptists, and the fourth by the W esleyans.

Three of the five private ndventure schools are in receipt of Government ~d. .

The three non-denomination.al schools are the Dov.t'lton College, the Doveton Institution, and the European Sohool at Dinapore.

tOO


183. The following table shows both the cost to Goverument and the """""r'o" o• total cost of European education in Bengal for the years 1890-91 and aunoru ..... 1891-92:-

1890-91. I 1891-92.

Govommont I Toto! Govommont I Toto! . oxpondituro. txpondituro. o:z:pondituro. oxpcndituro.

Rs. Rs. Rs. lls. Secondary instruction 1,20.626 6,39,603° 1,32,2SG 6,96.683 Primary , 8,9-!2 81,922 8,616 29,979 Scholarships ... 3,949 9,949 4,133 4,133 Buildings ... 10,227 20,464 18,600 27,662 Superintondcnco ... 22,177 22,177 1M39 IG,439

------------Total ... 1,66,321 6,17,606° 1,78,923 6,79,286

• ThcsA filftlrcs IU'O defective, u the unaided acboolt aupplicd no roturna oJ' cxpcm. dlturo tor lSUU-!U.

The Government expenditure upon the Boarding School at Kurseong was Rs. 15,289 in 1891-92 (an average of Rs. 179-13·11 per scholar), against Rs. 18,232 in the previous year. '£his great reduction is accounted for by an increase of Rs. 2,273 in the amount of fees received and a decrease of Rs. 670 in the gross expenditure; the former being almost wholly due to a revision of the scale, and the latter to the post of third master having been vacant for four months.

The expenditure on monthly grants and fixed annual grants awarded under Article 33 of the Code amounted to Rs. 1,12,914. This sum does not, however, fairly represent the cost of the scl;tools under the above heads for the year 1891-92, as in three instances the change from mo11thly to annual grants accompanying the transfer of a school to the "special list" involved the payment, during the official year, of grant for more than one year. The Government orders transferring the St. John's Parochial School to the fixed-grant list were received in April 1891, and the first annual grant (Rs. 1,360) was paid in that month for the year beginning the 1st January 1891, less a reduction of Rs. 120 made on account of the old monthly grant for January having been already paid. On the 1st January 1892 the second yearly grant became due, the result being that during the official year the sum of Rs. 11240 was paid to the school in excess of the actual grant for that period. 'l'he first fixed annual grant to the Catholic Male Orphanage (paid for the year beginning the 1st August 1891 after the payment of :6.ve• mo1dhly grants during the official year) includes the grant for the first four months of the year 1892-93-a sum of Rs. 1,245. Similarly, the first fixed annual grant to the St. Paul's School, Darjeeling (paid for the year beginning the 1st November 1801 after the payment of eight• mont!tly grants during the official year), includes the grant for the first seven months of the year 1892-93-a sum of Rs. 2,200. For comparative purposes, therefore, the total expenditure on monthly and fixed annual grants given above must be reduced by Rs. 4,685 (i.e., by Rs. 1,240 + Rs. 1,245 + Rs. 2,200), leaving Rs. 1,08,229 as the expenditure incurred for the year under review. The estimated amount was Rs. 1,08,000, and the expenditu~e during the preceding year _(simi!arly prepared for comparison) was Rs. 1,06,126. The increased expenditure 1s accounted for by an mcrease of over 7 per cent. in the number of scholars eligible for instruction grant, the children attending the schools at present under the fixed-grant system being excluded from this calculation.

The grants to pupil-teachers amounted toRs. 1,180, the estimate being for Rs. 2,500.

The expenditure on scholarships increased by Rs. 184, but it is still considerably under the sanctioned amount. The estimated amount was Rs. 5,000. At the last examination, 20 primary and 10 middle sc~olarships were awarded; 20 primary and 12 miudle being the full number sanct10ned by Government.

• The monthly grants being paid after the expiration of the month for which they oro due, the monthly grant for March 1891 was paid during the official year 1891-92,

EDUCATION OP

BUROPE.L'iS,


The decrease in the cost of inspection results from the change o£ staff in November 1890. .

184. The next table gives the average Government expenditure per ~cholar during the year for the v!lrious classe~ o£ schools; grants on account of buildings, furniture, and puptl·teachers beiDg excluded:-

AvBnAGB GovERNMENT EXPBN· DITun.B 'En SciiQLAn.

Cuss oll' ScnooLs. Including board. ing and Tuitional grants

Hi~h Middle Primary All classes ...

orphana~e, aR well nly q 1 0 • as tmtiona

grants.

Rs. A. p. 24 6 11 18 10 10 15 12 1 19 11 9

Rs. A. P. 28 1 2 17 6 5 15 12 1 18 8 9

185. The scholars are distributed throughout the various Divisions of the province as follows :-

NUMDEil Oll' SOIIOLAllS INIE11110PBA.N SOIIOOLS,

DIVISIOlfo On the 31st March 1891- I On tho 3Ut March 1892-

In \ Jn I I In I In I primary secondary Total. primary secl"ndary Total.

schools. schools. schools. schools.

Calcutta. ... ... 176 4,152 4,328 247 4,100 4,<011

Presidency ... HZ GIYI 789 68 Gill 729

Burdwtl.n ,., ... G9 sso 889 ,. 825 419

Rajsho.hi ... ... 81 G28 ••• 89 608 IJ.I2

Daoca ... ... ... 10. " ... ss ss

Cbittagong ... ... a 114 ... 167 m

Pntnn. ... ... 70 298 80S 69 830 890

:Oht\.go.Ipur ... 27 M 121 2G 76 101

Orissa. ... ... ... 191 121 . ... no 110

Chota. Nagpur ... ... 48 48 ... 07 07 ---. --------------

Total ... 498 0,881 6,829 .. , 6,556 7,098

. 186. There has been no change in the controlling agency during the year

under report, Mr. Edwards being still temporarily employed as Assistant Inspector. The proper administration of the present complicated Code is beyond the power of one inspecting officer; but Mr. Bamford believes that a simpler system might be introduced, based upon much sounder principles-one which would permit the Inspector to spend a far greater proportion of his time actually in the schools, and which would not necessitate the employment of an Assistant Inspector. One of the main features of the system, which Mr. Bamford advocates, is the substitution o£ collective for individual examination.

187. All the schools were examined during the year, and, with the exception of a few small mufassal schools, they were all visited without notice ; also the more important ones on several occasions. In the course o£ the year Mr. Bamford was on tour 64 days, travelled 5,458 miles, and visited 161 schools. Mr. Edwards was on tour 66 days, travelled 3,976 miles, and visited 117 schools. As in previous years, a considerable portion of the time of the Inspector and of the Assistant Inspector was occupied in work outside the schools, such. as preparing question-papers and examining answers, recording results; drawing out reports, checking returns, official correspondence, inter.departmental and other, and the routine work of the office.

188. The new system of fixed grants in place o£ grants dependent upon the t•esults of the annual examinations, which has been recently introduced for


specially selected schools, has proved to be a great success. It is reported on I!Duc•r•oN or fully (particularly with reference to the collective or class examination which •unor•m.

it permits instead of the examination of each individual scholar) under the head of ".Annual Examinations." ·

One difficulty has, however, accompanied the introduction of the collective method of examination, which may be convenient![ explained at this point, together with the means proposed for its removu . The individual passes awarded under the old system are valued not only as marks of progress, but also on account of the following real advantages which in the particular cases mentioned are attacl1ed thereto. Under existing rules, passing standard VI is one of the qualifications for apprenticeship as a pupil·teacher, and also for admission to the Bengal Pilot Service; and passing standard VII qualifies for recognition as an assistant teacher in au aided school. Now, however highly a class examined according to the collective system may distinguish itself in nil subjects, passes cannot be awarded to the individual scholars. These latter are, therefore, debarred from participating in the above privileges. Under such circumstances parents are naturally prejudiced against collective exam· ination; and this militates against its continuance, even in those schools where the advantages resulting from its introduction have been most fully realized. In order that this unfair disadvantage may be abolished, ll!r. Bamford recom· mends, 1st, that the individual results of examinations under the old system be no longer communicated to the schools, but used solely for the purpose of computing the grant, and as a guide in drawing out the annual report; and, 2nd, that the middle scholarship examination be substituted for the standard VI and standard VII examinations as the qualifying test in the three instances given above.

189. High Schools.-In addition to the schools in receipt of a fi:ted high school grant, the list given below includes all other schools which presented successful candidates at the last High school and Entrance examinations:-

Hiuh Scl10ols. -

NtrliDRR 01' PtJ1'118 ACTUAL RRCRtPT8 Tor.u. RXI'BM'Die OM SliJ'l' M.&llCU.

J'D.O.U: GuVBWf· :I'UllB, UBNT,

RolifPous denom-. 1801 • I 1891, Monthly

No. N.&liB OP 8CBOOL, Government wntion. ln'Uilt,

1&11-Ut. 1800-91, 181)1-09. 1500-Dl. 1891·09

• ~ ~ ,; ~ ..

" "' 0

A.idt~d Hchool1. Rl!l • .a.. p, Ro, n.. lle. • •• 1 Do.rjeelin~ Girl~t' High ... Prote!tant . .. 10 ,. .. 70 ... 0 9 ··""" s.r.on 32.009 o6.5,SI3

• Doveton nstitution . .. Ditto • .. 8 ,. IUS 0 0 !,·ill 2,~tll5 21,700 JN,71:!

• Loretto Housu Romnn CatholiC ., "'

., '" Sl7 710 2,060 .,1M 41,1!.."..6 30.3111

• J.orctto, Prio!"J( BazA'~ibtLg'h Ditto ... .. .. 10 ss 100 • 0 u~s l,:l!tl U,Oo-l lO,I'>,>r,!

• Pmtt .Uemorm. ... ... Proteatnnt . .. m • 9' ., • s 2,601 (cJ)l7,7110 2:!,0DH fi,IIUO

6 St. Helen's, Kursoong ... Homan CatholiC • .. • ., .. 0 0 (6) "" r:30 6,7t17 O,MllO 7 St. Jame!O'S Hi~~:h ... ... Protett.nnt 9' .. "' .. \\.'IS 0 0 3,MI S,o6:t.l IU,707 17,7113 8 St. Josoph's, Bow Rn.za.r ... Roman CatholiC ., . ... 231 .. . 308 IS 7 3,47G ~ S,tr.!G '1,5111! :11,1!!7

• ~t. lllichn.cl'a, Coor;Joo ... Ditto ... "" .. . Ill'/ . .. 31111 0 0 (d) 4,6't7 ! 4,100 U1.~76 2:.1.!!67 10 St. Paul's, Do.rjeeling ... Protestant . .. 127 ... , .. ... (/) .. . 3,b00 6,GU1 17,12U U.,r,ti(J -- ---- -- --- ------ ---Total ... 000 ... 74S ... !0,778 48,00G 2,00,310 1,7&,819 -------- --- ------ ---

Unaid#d 8c1aooll.

1 ArmGnian Colle~ ... ... Greek Ohurcb ,,, " ... 63 ... .. .... ..... ...... .o•s 1-t,lOft

• Uoveton Colll"go ... Protc:~otllnt ... 188 ... 1811 ... ...... .. ... . ..... -c GU,760 ~~·;

,,_ s La Martinil:lro College Vitlo ... 10'1 ... 1 .. ... .. .... . ..... ...... .!If:.; (A) ... -

Bo~•· 8oX. • La , 1nrtlni0re College lor Ditto ... ... " ... 78 ...... . ..... .. .... 31,t68 Girls, .cc.,.i!

• Loretto ronvent, Darjoolinf Rom•m Catholic .. •• ss 80 . ..... ...... . ..... :t'y; " ... ...... • St. Jo~opb'a College, D&rjoo • Ditto ... ?0 ... 127 .. . . .... . ..... . .... H-oj 3,!11\6

In~ 7 St. vier's College ... ... Ditto ... ... .. . Sll7 ... . ..... . ...... . ..... .. 40,760 ------ -- ------------

Total ... U81 11• m .,, ...... ...... . ..... 1,76,018

(a) Thl1 amount includes a building grant of R1. tiS,OOO.

This amount Includes a furniture IU'8.nt of lt1. 180. · ~b Thia nmount lm•lud~• a furnit.uro graut of Ita. 100.

This amount includea a furniture grant of a.. ~o. Thia amount Includes a building grant or Ita. 1,2.:10.

Thi• school has been placed on the IIJlC'CIILIIlst ol achool1 in rccclpt of Ozetl annual ~nll anrfer article 33 or lhf'l Codf', This amount mcludesll monthly grant~ and tho d.J.ed annual gnwt, \hu ordl!n placing lho IChool on &ho spocia.l hn lunlog

eD'oot rem tho 1st November 18tH. (h) This school baa noJor submitted returns of ezpendltun~. ·

Darfeelitl!J Girls' Sckool.-The special monthly' grant of Rs 400 awarded to this school in 1888 was renewed in Nov~mber last for another period of

0

EDUCATION OF

BUROPHANS.


three years. The school is far from being thoroughly efficient, not~ithstandin,g the support received· from Government for several years past. Miss Hollands high-school class and the lowest standard were, however, both well taught last year. . · h 1

Dove ton Institution.-The fact that many of the assistant teac ers ~mp oyed - this school are relatives of one or other of the school managers has mterfered ln eatly with the proper control of the staff by the head mistress. The attention f£ the managers h~s been c~lled to this, and they have been requested to avoid making such appomtments m future.

St Helen's School Kurseong.-This school had the honour of presenting the candid~te who not odly headed the list at the laet high-school examination, but also scored the highest marks yet recorded. .

St. James's Hig/1 School.-A thoroughly well,-tramed ~ea~-mnster has been greatly needed for m11;ny Y:ears. The questiOn of bnngmg one out from· England is now under dlScussiOn by the managers.

189A. High-school Examination.-The results for the last two years are given below:-

Higll-scllool Examination.

1890. I 1891.

8CnOOLS PROM wmcrr TDB NUMBER O'P 8UCCBSSPUL NUMBER OP SUCCBSSPUL

OANDIDATBS WBRB OA.IIIDIDATBS, Number OANDIDA.TES, Number

l'RBSBMTB~, of oandi· of cu.ndi· do.tcs. First P"cond I dtr.W.II. p;,.,, I Second Totnl.

division. diVISion, Total, division. divi11ion

Catholio Male Orphanage ... 2 ... ... "' ... ... . .. ... Doveton Institution ... ... ... ... ... 1 ... ... . .. Girls' High, Darjeeling ... ... ... ... .. . 7 ... 2 2

La Martini~re College for Girls 4 ... 2 2 5 ... 2 2

Loretto Day, Dhurrumtollah ... ... ... ... ... 2 . .. .. . .. . J..orotto High, Intally ... 2 1 ... 1 ... ... .. . . ..

. Loretto Priory, Haznrib6.gh ... ... ... .. . ... 2 ... 2 2

St. Holen's, Kurseong ... ... ... ... ... 2 1 . .. 1

St. Joseph's Convent, Chnnder· 1 ... ... .. . 1 ... 1 l · no.goro.

St. Miohael's, Coorjce ... ... . .. ... .. . 2 1 ... 1

•. T•acllers ... 6 1 1 2 4 1 .. . 1

Privat6 ltttdent& ... 1 ... ... ... ... ... ... . .. -------5-, l I

-Total ... 16 2 s 26 s 7 10 .

Besides the successful candid~tes, eight others passed in four, and two others in three out of the five compulsory subjects, the aggregate marks scored by each of these ten candidates being sufficient for a pass.

There was a great increase both in the total number of candidates and in the number of those who attempted special subjects at this examination. Previous to 1890, no candidates had pi·esented themselves for examination in special subjects. In that year two candidates were examined and passed in the art of teachiug; and four others were examined in botany, three of whom passed. At the last examination one candidate was examined and passed in the theory of music ; four candidates were examined in the art of teaching,· of whom three passed; six candidates were examined in botany, of whom four p~ssed; and t~ree candidates were examined, but failed to pass, in drawing. Nmeteen candidates selected French as the second language, three took Latin, two Bengali, and two Hindi.

OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. !)!)

190. Entrance Examination.-The following table gives the results, so far •ovc.TJoN •• as European schools in Bengal are concerned, for the years 1891 and 1892 :- •unnra,ss.

University Entrance Examination.

1891. I 1893.

~ St7CCBSSI'UL 0ANDID.A.TB9, ~ SUCCBSSPtTL 0.&NDIDATE!I,

• "B Scooou FROM wmcn rns ~ .;) :;; 0 CARDlDATBS WBllB s ,; " :;; ,; I

PB.BSBNTBD, d . 2 d .. c d .. d

0 .. 0 . 8 :3 .. •• "0 ·a • :3 .& "0 • ..

·~ :;; • ~ :;; • . 'il c . . ;;; .ll :;; ~ .8 :;; ~ 0

~ 3 .. 0

~ oi a c ~ 0 ~ ~ 1 • .,

1: z ii; ,'; .ll z .. .. I

.d.id~d School6.

C11.lcutta Boys' ... ... . .. • ... 2 ... 2 . ... ... . .. ... .. . ... Ca.loutt& Free ... ... ... 4 1 ... 1 2 ... . .. ... .. . ... .. . Ca.tcmtta Girls' ... ... ... • .. . ... s ... s ... .. . .. . ... Du.rjccling Girls' High ... 6 2 s ... 0 ... ... ... ... ... -Dovcton Institution ... ... • 2 1 ... s ... s 1 .. . .. . 1

Loretto Houso ... ... ... • ! 1 .. . s ... 1 1 ... .. . 1 Pro.tt Mcmorio.l ... ... ... ... .. . ... ... ... .. . • 1 1 . . I St. lamea's High ... ... ... 8 ... 1 1 ! ... 6 . .. .. . I • Bt, Joseph's, Bow Bnzar ... 0 • 1 • 0 ... 8 s • .. . 1

St. Paul's, Darjooling ... ... 10 t 0 s 9 ... 21 s 0 • II

St. Thomas's, Howmb ... ... 1 1 ... ... 1 ... ... ... ... .. . .. . -- ------ -- -------------

Total ... 00 11 17 1 .. ... "' 0 10 • .. --· --\- ------- - --1-- ----

Unaid&l School•,

Armenian College ... ... IS 1 • • 0 ... 1 .. . ... 1 1

Doveton College ... ... 13 I • s 1 ... ,. • 1 ... s Jewish Doya• ... ... ... s ... ... • 2 ... ... ... . .. ... .. . Lo. Alo.rtinl~re College for Boya ~ ... • 1 0 ... 11 1 • 1 •

Ditto ditto Girls • ... 2 ... 2 ... s 1 .. . ... 1

Loretto Convent, Do.rjeoling ... ... ... ... ... ... ... • s • ... 0

Roberts College ... • 2 1 ... s ... ... ... ... .. . .. . St. Joseph's Collego, DArjoeling 6 1 • ... 0 (o) 1 • 1 .. . ... 1

St. Xavier's College ... ... so 12 10 ! 29 (b) • 18 8 • 1 13

--------·--------------Total ... 79 18 .. 19 00 0 OD 16 0 s ll8

----------------------GBA.ND Tor.t.L ... ISS 29 40 17 •• 0 100 ,. 10 8 "

-· {a) One third grade. • First gmdo.

(b) Two 8('COnd gro.do and two third ~o. t Tb1rd grol.lo, ~

ii 0 a !!. :a ~ .ll " "'

...

. .. ... ... ... , . ... ... . .. It

. ..

. ..

.. .

.. .

...

...

. ..

...

. .. 21

The number of candidates from European schools fell from 138 in 1891 to 106 in 1892. There was a very general fall in the percentage of candidates who passed the examination. The following table compares the percent!lges of successful candidates of various classes at the two last examinations:-

FROM EUBOI'EA.N 8cUOOt8 O~UT,

Fromoll A tdcd rmd nnaldod to. YBA.n. cltL<>sf'>~ of Aidod. Unuldod. glllher. school!!.

Doys. I Girl!l.l Total. DoyJ., Girls. J Total. Boy&. I Glrlt. I Totrr.l.

1891 ... f2"7 ISI'2 77'8 ~0'3 77'3 .... 1G'tJ 08~ 7'!7 08'8

""' ... 30'1 07'1 3R'' G2'9 f2'S 10' .0'7 ..... 112'0 ...,

0 2

EDUCATION OP

BUROPEANS,

100 REPOHT OF THE DIRECTOR

191. .1'Jfiddle RcMols.-The next table gives statistics concerning these schools:-

I NUMDBR OP PUPILS ACTUAL RBOEIPTs I TOTAL BXPB!!DI· PROM GOVERN- TUDE ON 31sT M.ucn- lalBNT, •

NAIIB OJ' SonoOL. lli:lllginus denom·

inution, 1800, I 1891. llfonthly

Government grnnt,lbi:ll-02. -j-~ Boys.IGirls.IBoys.IGirls .

1890·91. 1801.92.

.; z ----..

Govdrnltk'ln~. I 1 Government Boa.rdlng, Kur- Protestant ... S! ... ----seoug,

.Aid«'d School~.

1 Co.lcutta. Boys' Protestant ... '"' ... • Cnlcutta Free "(soii; Ditto ... 230 . ..

)J.-pnrtmont~. 3 OnlcuttiL reo (Girls' Ditto ... ... 1M

DepartmAnt), Ditto 165 • Catcutto. Girls' ... .. •

Romnn Ou.tholiO' 18. • Catholic Mole Orplmnage ... "37 • Enst lndto.n Rnilwsy, Protestant ... 17 Jn.m6.1pur (Uny),

7 Bnst Indin.n Rnilwo.y, Ditto ... 40 ... Jam6.lpnr (Night).

Reman Catholic 0 75 8 Loretto lloarding and Da.y, lntnlly,

Ditto 35 207 • Loretto, Bow Baztlr ... ... 10 Loretto O:mvent, Asanst>l .. Ditto ... " 76 11 Laretto, Dhurromtollnh ..• Ditto ... 43 19

1B Loretto Or,,hanago, lntally Ditto ... '1o 285 13 1\li~s O'Hrien'a ... ... Prote11tant ... 76 ,. llisses Stark's Ditto ... 27 .. " Prolo~tant nUi-Opeaii; Ditto ... 3• 28

Cuttock. Roman l"o.tholio 18 41 16

1 ~l~~:Nt;~rT·h ... 17 s ... ... Ditto ... 23 60 18 , Dacca ... Ditto ... 86 18 19 s, Bankipur Ditto ... • 70 .

Ditto ... so St. Joseph's, Bo.nkipur ... ... {Orphnnnge).

Convent, Ditto 13 .. 21 St. Joseph's ... Cuttnck.

Ditto ... •• St. Joseph's (Free Depart· ... ... mc-nt).

Ditto M .. , St. Patrick's, As~~onsol ... ... ... .. Bt Po.ul's M1ssion ... Prolestant ... ., .. St. Placid's, Chittalt'ong ::. R.omnn Cu.thoho .,

'62 23 !-it, SrholtL!Itico.'s, Chittngong Ditto ... JJ 27 St 'l'oresn.'s · ... ... ... Ditto ... 49 52 28 St. TbomrLS'II, Howro.h ... Protestant ... 00 ... •• \Volland Memorinl ... ... Ditto .. . 83 67 30 W csleyo.u Preparatory ... JJitto ... 11 9 -- --

Total ... 1,:SZ& 2,022 -- -Unaided ScTwors.

1 C~~ompbcll Cottngo ... ... Protestant ... 10 10

• Jewish Bora' ... ... Jewish .. . 00 iOo 3 Jewish G,rls' ... Do. 37

• Mr. Vullis'a PreparatOry ... Romo.n Catholi(j 78 , . - --

Toto. I ... .,. 131

(o) The Free School iB on tho special list, and receives nn . annual fixed gront of Rs. 8.280, as well as n. fixed monthly

~trnnt of R.'l. SSd (siccn. lls. SUO). (6) This sum is mnde up or tho monthly grants dro.wn up

to July 1890 + annual fixed grnnt to the school undt>r Article S3 (Rs. 8,280) + the monthly grant of Rs. sao (sicca. Ra. 801J) + pufil-teaohcrs' grn.nt.

(o} This sum i9 made up o tho annual fixed grant + the siccn rupee monthl:v grant+ the pnpil-tcn.ollers' grnnt.

(d) Tho Cntboli~ Malo Orphanage is on the special list, and receives an annual fixed grant of Rs. 3,735·3·6, as well 1L!I a monthly urphnnnge grant of Rs. 100.

(6) The sum is made up of tho tnontbly grunts dra.wn up to 31st July 1801 {Us. 2,103) + the annual fl.xed grnnt of Rs. _3,731S.3--6 + the monthly orpl1anage grn.nt or Rs. 100 from 1st Aup:ust 1891 + pupil-teachers' gro.nt + a. furniW.re grant of Ra. 600,

ns. •. P. ns. Bs. Bs. ns .

90 ... ...... 18,287 1&,280 29,658 28,0S8 -- ------------ ----m . .. 187 311 1,290 1,902 17,176 19,900 230 .. .

f 179 (a) (b)99,SOS (c)19,012 80,760 69,566 .. .

180 206 1 • 3,107 :1,238 2&,15-iO 215,052 iiio (d) 4,789 (•)7,278 18,411 23,060 'jig 17 } 103 0 ~ 1,311 1,186 .J.,S74 6,03! 3! .. . 10 77 172" 0 1,9·U 2,001 16,618 U,fl41

00 331 341) 8 9 Y,:l3,940 (g)3,015 ~.006 6,149 • ,. !3, 0 0 ' 1,143 1,1i88 0,750 11,700 .. 207 266 • • 3,223 S,USI 7,003 8,728

'47 237 390 15 • 4,708 4,72-i 43,21-1 81,400 78 .137 0 0 1,462 1,660 6,037 7,804 .. 16 07 12 0 742 816 S.UiS 3,0150

27 28 114 0 0 1,603 1,574 15,826 6,1558

21 •• 1~2 0 0 (k)1,036 1,240 0,702 8,107 2. ., OS !O • 666 780 8,187 3,326 23 10 .. 0 0 1,072 1,062 3,~20 2,866 1 so 190 9 0 (!)6,333 (m)5,0-ll 12,34S 15,014

... •• 108 0 0 1,889 1,342 . ..... 3,7 ..

13 .. 73 0 0 1,032 1,181 6,248 (S,052

977 .. . 282 6 7 3,189 3,SSS 3,187 G,•JU

so 93 0 0 (n) ...... (p)070 1,025 4,456 '8• OS 190 0 3 1,803 (q)2,280 4,096 3,819 01 '81 70 0 0 1,0HI 993 } ti,046 6,255 .. 1 .. 0 0 1.802 1,'191 33 .. 171 0 0 (r)1.760 1,7:J9 8,n04o 7,1lM •• 32 141 0 0 1,782 1,7011 4,868 ti,l2S 72 lOS 206 12 7 (s)7,184o 2,404 5,2}(1 1&,1510 26 12 33 0 0 001 .. 1 1,461) 1,528 - -- ---- --- --- -----

1,635 2,137 .. .... 83,548 87,3152 3,15,869 S,19,GM -- ---- --- ---

0 8 .. .... . ..... .. .... 1.2'\1 ... iOs ..... ...... .. .... . ..... 6,0041 .. ...... ...... . ..... . ..... &,914

63 13 .. .... ...... . ..... .. .... (t) ... -- ------------176 123 ...... .. ... . ..... . .....

~& f.l These amounts include pupil-teachers' grants,

· \ l'his o.mount includes a furniture gron,t of Us. 200 Ditto ditto ., 4!10,

(l Ditto a building grant or 'I 4-,000,

13,\49

(mj Ditto ditto , 3,500. (n ThiA school was plneed under the Codrt on let March

1891, the ftrst month's grant being drawn in Apri118H •. (p/ Thia amount includes a furniture p;mnt of Its. 330. {q This amount includes pupil-te~~ochers' grout.

l"/ This amount inoludes uforniture gmnt of Rs. 100. s Thia n.mount includes" buildinp; grant of Rs. 4,977. t) This school ho.s never submitted returns of expenditure.

Government Boarding School, Kurseong.-The building of a new hospital and the construction of rooms for drying and Rtoring clothes have improved the sanitary arrangements, and added greatly to the comfort of the boys. Increased boarding accommodation has been provided, at the suggestion of His Honour the Lieutenant-Governor, by the conversion of the olrl.hospital buildings into additional dormitori11s, and into quarters for an assistant master. Under the revised scale of fees, which came into force at the beginning of this year, boys, whose fathers are not in Government service, pay for the whole cost of their board and tuition.

Calcutta Boys' School.-'rbis school has improved steadily d~ring the last few years, .. .


192. Middle Scholarship E.camination.-The following table g1ves a sum· BoucATtoN or

mary of the results for the last two years :- •u•o•u••·

Middle Sc!10larslu'p E.ramitwfion.

. 1890, I 1S91.

SUCC:BS8PUL CA.SDI· "li SUCCES.SFt't CANDI· 1 DArxs. i D.lTBS,

I ,; "E ~ "E

8 a • a • = ~ • .., ,; 0 a .., ,; •• • u

~ 0 Q . ~ Q . .. ~ !t .. .. j ·~

0 c. J .. • -~ .! .. o; :f :a .. :: l .• o; .. J :a • ·= . ;;; ! . ;;; ;; • c .:1 c

" c .. ~

.. • :;; "l! :g :3 ~ .

~ • i! ~ "' ;; a .. ~ . 0 ;; E II 1! £ 0 • "" . u :a ~ .c c ;:; .., . i3 • ... ;;: . .:: u 8 • "" ii:

0 • . " ~ ... 00 " .. .. .. ..

(Boy• ... 8 .. ... s 8 7 18 76'0 0 13 38 0 0 12 13 07 '76'0 7

Girls ... 10 .. ... 0 7 10 19 86'4 • 10 10 ... ... • • 1d 100" • Bcbolanh1p~ caudidalt(l5 l ---- - -- - - -- -- ---- -- ---- -- -- -- -- --

Toto.l ... 20 •• . .. 0 10 17 37 ... , D .. .. • 0 20 .. .. 8!"7 10

---- - - - - -- -- -- -- -· -- -- -- -- -- ·-lBo~

... 0 22 ... 1 10 7 18 81'8 . .. • 10 ... • 10 " 18 0-1"7 . .. Girls ... 16 <7 1 • 9 20 S9 s.a·s ... 10 .. ... s . 10 .. .. 87"0 . ..

Certiftooto cu.ndido.tea ---- - - - - -- - -- -· -- -- ---- -- -- -- --

Total ... 21 69 1 0 10 •• 07 638 ... 18 rn ... • .. 30 .. SO'G . .. ---- - --- - -- -- ---- - ------ -- -- -- --

GRAND Tor.u. ... 20 lib 1 10 .. •• &I 82'6 0 20 121 2 7 .. 01 103 866 10

The number of schools sending up candidates for scholarships increased from 20 in 1890 to 23 at the last examination, and the nu'llber of such candidates increased from 46 to 54. In the case of candidates for certificates only, the number of schools fell from 21 to 18, and the number of candidates from 69 to 67. For both classes of candidates the number of school~ concerned was 26, against 25 in the precediug year; and the number of candidates 121, against 115 in 1890.

The percentage of passes was unchanged in the case of boy candidates for scholarships. In all the other classes there was an increase. ·

193. The next table gives the result of the examination for the separate schools and the distribution of the scholarships:-

Middle Scholarship Ezamination, 189).

I NVMDBR Oli' C.UiDI• NUliDRll Of StrCCEBSJ'UL

D.A.T£8 PO&- C.urDID.&.TB8, Numhnr 8CUOOt8 PROM WIJICJI TJIB Number of11ohol•

CA.NDlDJ.T.KS WBRB l'liESBNTBD,

I abSt~at, anhips

Schola.r- Celtift· Fl"t I Socnnd I Thh·d I Total. gu.inod. ships. ...... divi1ion, divi1iun. divilioo .

1. Calcutta Boys' .. , ... ... • • ... . .. • 3 8 • I. Cnlouttu. Frte (Boys' Depart- • ... . .. ... • 1 3 • mont). 3. Calcutta. Girls' ... . .. ... 1 J1 ... ... ' • 11 . . o1. Dovoton Institution ... ... • • ... ... - • • . .. D. Female Normal KUf: ... 0 ... ... "i 1 1 ... 6, Government Boardfni,'' • 1 ... ... • 3 . ..

acong. 7. Ln Mu.rtinitlro Colle go for Girls 1 8 ... 1 • • 7 1 8, Loretto Do.y, Dhurl·umtollah ... 1 • ... . .. • • . .. 9, Loretto Convent., Asansol ... I • ... ... • '1 • ''j 10. Loretto Convt~nt, Darj~eling ... • • ... ·s 3 • 11. Loretto HOU!I6 ... .. ... ... • . .. I 1 • . ..

12. Loretto Prloq:, IlazAribflgh ... 1 I . .. ... 0 ·g • IS. Mis11 O'Brien 11 Duy ..• ... • • ... . .. • • 1 14. Pratt Memorial ... · ... I 7 ... ... 1 • 7 . .. 10, Protestant Europonn, Cut tack' 1 ... ... I ... 1 ...

· 18. Robllrt.s College ... ... I ... 1 ... ... "i . .. 17. St. Antbonfa c.> iris" ... • .. 1 ... ... ., 1 18. St. Jo1eph s, Bow Bat.n.r ... 3 ... ... 1 "i • • 19. St. Joseph's Convent, CbiUldor- ... 0 ... ... ... 1 . ..

nagoro, • 1 • • • 20. St. Joseph's College, Darjooling • "i . .. 2\, Bt. I'tli<~hn!!l's, Coorjee ... ... I 0 . .. • • 10 . .. IS. St. Patrick's, Aso.nsol ... . 1 ... ... . .. 1 ·s ' . .. !3. st. Paul's, Dariitoling ... ... 10 . .. ... I • . .. 24. St. ThomR&'s, owruh ... 1 1 ... . .. • • ... 25. St. Xavier's Col1011:e ... ... • 1 ... 1 • • • 1 26, W('l)land Memorial ... - 3 ... ... ... ... • • . ..

Pr,vat~ student ... - ... . .. • ... 2 • ---'lotal ... .. 07 • 7 ...

" lo3 10

EDUCATION OP

.BUROPBANS,


194. table:-

Statistics concerning the primary schools. are given in the following

NUMBER OP PUPILS ON ACTUAL RECEIPTS TOTAL EXPENDI• PROll GOVBHN• 31ST M.&.ncn- llENT, TUBB,

Rollgioua Monthly

No, N AMB OJ SOUOOL. 1891; }802. Government denomination. gmnt, 1891-02.

I I 1890.01, 1891-02. 1890-91, 1891-DS,

.; .; " -!! ;E ~ ;E ;s

Aided Sclwol1. Rs, A, P. Rs. no. no. Rs.

1 E. I, &., Aso.naol ... ... Protestant ... 25 22 18 23 09 0 0 730 726 3,233 3,460

2 E. I. R,, Buur ... ... Ditto ... 13 11 • 9 • 21 0 0 4>0 '"" 1,9U 1,568

8 E.l, H,, Khngoul ... '" Ditto ... 16 15 21 4 48 0 0 ... ••o • 2,639 2,438

4 E. 1. R., Madhupur ... Ditto . .. 0 8 4 4 10 0 0 199 166 037 soo

• E. I. R., NllwAdih ... . .. Ditto ... 7 • 7 10 29 0 0 310 300 1,103 1,1107

• E. J. R., Ranigo.nj ... Ditto. -· ... • ... "' (a) 377 120 1,239 (a)

7 Europenn, Dinapore ... Ditto ... 8 7 10 10 .. 0 0 6.53 ... 1,:111.5 1,Ml

8 Europe1n, Saidpur ... ... .nit to . .. IQ 12 2S 16 41 0 0 857 3SO 1,716 1,511

• Old Oburch Froo Day ... Ditto ... ... "' ... 31 ... 0 0 . .. (b) ... .. . 783

10 St. Cbrysostom's ... ... Romnn Catbolio .. . .. 38 ... 23 0 0 380 850 1,351 1,239 . 11 St. Elir.o.beth's, Howmb ... Ditto 23 27 27 26 .. 0 0 •s9 500 1,202 . 2,808

12 St. Jolm's Girls' ... ... Ditto 21 28 10 21 48 1 • .27 008 1,983 1,821

13 St. John's Parochial ... Protestant ... 48 27 ... 27 (o) 1,316 (d)2,000 3,408 3,259

1< St. Mary's, Hastings ... Romnn Oo.tholio 18 " 18 13 .. 0 0 701 577 2,891 3,214

10 St. Paul's Nursery ... ... Ditto ... ... 41 ... 20 0 0 "' (•) 80 .. . 1,768

10 St. Stephen's ... ... ProtcstiUlt .. . .. 21 11 18 53 • 0 "" 638 1,335 l,Gn

-- ---- -- ----------Total ... .. , 201 823 210 --7,617 8,61~ 26,688 29,3i9

(a} This school wns c}OSPd on tho 30th November 1891, (b) This achool wo.s plnccd uudor tho Code on tho 15th November 1891, Tho grnnt from Novombor 1891 to Mnrcb 1892 wa.a.

drawn in April 18112. (cl This school hn.s been placed on tho special list of schools in receipt of fixed annunl grnnts under nrtiolo 33 of the Code with

eflcct rom 1st J1muary 18Ul. (d) This school dre'v tho fixed o.nnun.l grnnt (Rs. 1,360) for both 1891 o.nd 18921.uring tho official year 1891-92, tho nmount of the

monthly j;l'rant ror January 1891 ( Rs. 12U) being deducted from the llxod gmnt for 1891 &:~it h11.d been all'ca.dy drn\VD by mistnkc. ( 11) thls school wo.s pi!LCod under tho Code on the 1st November1891.

195. Prima1·y Scholarship Ezamination.-The following IS a summary of the results for the last two years:-

Primary Sclwla1·ship Examinatio11,

1890. I 1891.

SUCCBSSPUL 0ANDI· .; .,; SUCOBSBPUL CANDI· 'li ~ " ~ D.&.'I'BS, 5 "' ,; D.&.:rBs,

i ~ "' 8 -- " g "' • " .

'!! d '0 • ... d "' • d ~ 0 d '0 • .s :~

0 m :~ .•

0 m .. !i j :; • .!:- .. ~ i

·;: .• . "' 0 .. • s ... c '5 ·;: . :0

'8. ~ • '5 '5 e :g ;a ! 0 ;a "' ] 0 .!l .. "' ;a

0 ~ "' ~ 0 '3 ~ "' "' • ~ 0 "' ~ " ~ g 0 ~ d "' ... a 0 . f ~ " "'· 0 ,.; . 0 0 • ,Q ...

" .. .. "' .. .. "' " " .. o; "' .. . . 0 .. "'

r"' ... 10 on • 7 ·+3 "' 70'~ 9 18 00 3 21 27 12 60 90'8 H Scholo.nhip Girla ... 01 .. 1 7 21 10 38 74.'6 11 10 G3 ... 17 10 8 41 77'4 6 cnndido.teJ ---«i'2S -- -- -------- -Total ... "" 118 0 H 81 72•3 20 33 118 s 38 •s 20 101 87'8 20 -- --- ----- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ·---- -- -r .. "'

H .. • 0 17 11 "" 64'2 ... 11 .. :"1 " .. 8 •• 93'8 ... Certificate Girla ... 18 .. 3 0 IS 1< 33 eo·o ... 13 72 20 •• • " 81'7 ... candidates -- -- ~· - - -- -- -- -- ---- -- -- -- -- -Total ... 28 110 8 12 so " 87 GllO ... ... 120 1 ss •3 11 lOS 86'6 ... ----"126 ul~ -- ------ -- ---- - - -- -GB.UW TOTAL ... .. . .. 148 07'3 20 .. 238 • 71 •• 37 20·J. S7'2 20

There is a slight falling off in the number of competing schools, and a slight increase in the number of candidates. · The percentage of passes was higher at the last examination than in 1890 for both classes of candidates, and a larger proportion of those who passed were placed in the higher divisions. . .


196. The next table gives the result of the examination for the separate snucATioN or schools, and also the distribution of the scholarships:- •uaorBANs.

Primary Scltolarsltip Examination, 1891.

I NtrYDER OP Nt1ll.DBB. OJ 191JCCESSPt7L CL"fDIDJ.TES.

CA~DIDA.'IE~ FOB.- Number 8CIIOOL9 PROY WIJICJt TIIB Number of schol

C.&.NDIDA.TBS WBBB PRBSBNTBD.

I B~tJDt, anhips

Scholar- Ct-rtift· Flnt S<'OOnd I Third I Total. gained. ahip!t. en tea. divbion. divi&on. division.

1. Armenian College ... ... 1 3 . .. 1 3 . .. • . .. I, Calcutta Boys' ... . .. ... 3 • ... • • 1 7 . .. 3, Calcutta. Girla' ... ... ... 6 11 ... • 9 • 10 '"

' •• Co.louttn. Free (Boya' Depart- • .. ... . .. 1 1 • ... mllnt), I •• Calcutta Free (Girls' Depart. 3 3 ... • ... • • ... mout),

•• Catholic Male Orphanngo ... • ... .. . ... 1 1 • . .. 7, Dovcton Institution ... ... 3 • ... 1 . .. 1 • . .. .. Government Boarding, Kur- • • ... 3 • • 0 1 seong.

9, Jewish Boys' ... ... ... 1 7 ... . .. • 3 8 ... 19. Jewish Girb' ... ... ... 1 • ... ... • .. . • . .. 11, La. MBrtini(lre Coij.cs:e for Girls • 7 ... 3 • • 16 1

... LorottoDoy, Dhurrumtollnh ... • . ... ... 3 ... 1 • 1

13, Loretto Convent, AB&nsol ... • 0 ... 3 7 ... 10 1

H. Loretto Convent, Darjecling ... 1 • ... s . .. ... s . .. 10. Loretto Bouao ... ... • • . .. • 1 1 0 1

16, Mills O'Brien's Pay ... ... • • .. . • • .. . 7 • 17. Mlsses Stark's ... ... ... • .. . ... . .. • . .. • ... 18. Pratt Memorial •.. ... ... • 11 1 • • • 11 .. . . 19. Protestant European, Cuttack 3 • ... • s ... 7 ... 20, Boberta' College ••• ... ... 1 ... ... 1 . .. ... 1 1

OJ.. Bt, AlOJ'&ius's1 Do.rjeeling ... 3 ... ... • 1 .. . a s

... St. An.tboDJ''S ... ... ... 3 ... . .. ... s . .. • ... 13. St. Jnmea's High ... ... • .. . ... 1 1 • • ... ... St. JQscpb's Dow Bo.tar (Po.y) • s ... 1 • 1 0 ... ... St. Josepb'a Bow Bo.zo.r (Free) • ... ... • ... . .. • • 26. St. Josoph'e, Bnnkiporo ... • • ... . .. • ... • . .. 27. S~. Josepb'e College, Darj~ol· • 6 ... .. . • • 11 . ..

mg,

28. St. Joseph's Convent. Chn.nder· ... 9 .. . • • ... 0 ... nugoro. ... St. Micbo..el's, Coorjoo .•• ... 3 10 .. . • 7 1 u ...

36, St. Patrick's, Asansol ... ... 3 l ... • ... .. . • • ... St. PBul's, Darjeeling ... ... 9 7 3 • • a 11 • 3!, St. Paul's Minion ... ... • • ... • • -· 6 ·1

33. St. Thomas's, Bowra.h ... ... 6 3 ... 3 • .. . 7 1

... Well and Memorial ... ... 6 .. . ... s a ... 6 • --------- --------------Total ... us uo • n 06 37 264 .,

BDUCA.TION OF

BUROPB.u.'S,

'

10! REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR

197. Annual examination of schools not on the speciallist.-The following table the examinations held during the last two years. As collective was substituted for other schools only, i.e., for school~ not on the special list .-

PBilCBNTAGB 011'- PEBCB!rl'AGB

Number NumbOr of Hcholnrs

Soholnra Eiomontary subjects, out-crcd IJO 13T4lfD,UU>, CLASS. of schools ~he os:ntnin· dlsqunhllcd Scholars

oumiucd. ation, Non· \w. in· olhciblo for

Reading., Writing., Arithmetic.

Absentees. sobodulos, Europeans. su cionoy instruction

of a.tt(lnd· grant. an co.

I I = I ~ I

..:

I ~ i l si l ~ l ~ I ~ l 31 l l : I s rm·n 1 in-~ ~ ~ !S i ~ ~ ~ Sl &l ill &l

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ... ... ... ...

Primo.ry sohooll ... ... 1~ 13 78 M U·s tS'l 21'8 17"9 ... 9'4 611~ 66'6 0<'1 B6'7 86'3 M'O 04'1 80'7

r·· II 8 161 113 1'3 '9 liS'li lti'O ... ... 83'9 M'l 01'8 7"'i M'3 96'8 97'D 03'6

I Secondllryachools girlJ 22 19 200 228 ,.8 3'D 13'8 10'0 ro 9'1 79'D 70'9 87'0 SIS'li 82'3 M'8 91'S 01'0 ... miJ:od II " 89 129 1'1 3'1 27'D U'IS 0'9 1'6 69'7 70'8 7li'8 a.·• l'S'li 87'3 9IS'l 91'3

---------- - 1--- ·-- -- ---- -- _..,._ --Total '"

.. 02 007 ... ,., ~·s 17'2 17'1 1'D I'D 7N 77'1 87'7 .... 84'8 93'4 93'7 91'3

------ ------ -------- -- --·------ -l'rlmnry schools "' '" " 13 00 "' 6'7 1'6 21'7 13'1 ... ... 7l'D 86'3 9.)'3 Of'S 97'6 96'2 83'7 7G'U

· fboya 12 8 196 13S 2'0 ... 18'9 10'0 3'D ... 89'9 89'1 8'/'D 82'0· .... 95'1 87'6 81'3

II ... Seconda.ry schools girls 22 2D 260 233 3'' >1'3 11'' 16'7 1'9 0'2 83'1 76'8 ..... 88'3 93'1 91'6 87'D 75'4

I .... 21'7 >1'3 1'7 70'6 Lmlxcd ID 19 93 "' 1'1 16'1 '12'2 "''' 92'7 00'5 96'3 91"8 89'1

------ -- ---- ------------ -- -- ----Totnl '" ••• .. 009 M7 3'1 2'9 13'3 16'9 2. 1'3 81'1 '19'0 89'9 88'3 93·7 M'l 87'6 79'6

1-Primary schools ... '" " ID ... 48 2'~ 12'6 7'1 1o·• ... "' oo·• 77•D su·8 89'1 73'7 81"0 73•7 83'7

. . ry· ,. 8 17D 107 3'' 3'2 11"1 ••• 1'3 '6 83·· 91'7 86'0 78·· 77•• 81'9 83'1 81'9

III ... Secondary schools girls •• 2D .., ... 4'8 3'1 11'9 8'0 '8 •·s 82'6 8>•7 01'3 89'0 88'9 86'8 81•6 62'3

.. mixed 11 12 192 97 2'9 ~·I 10'8 10'3 1'0 •·i a.·• 81'l5 93'0 89'9 82'' 88'6 83'7 86'D

-- -- -- -- --- -- ---- - -------- - - ---- --Totul ... •• .. '"" .. 6 3'0 ~·2 11'3 8'D 1'1 1'9 83'7 86'9 so·D 8.8 8~u 66'1 81'8 74'l5

-- ·--- -- -- -- ------ -- -- -- -- ---- ----Prima.ry aohools ... '" " ID <I 29 2'3 3 •• 11'3 27'6 2'3 10'3 S.i'1 ...8 97'3 100'0 91'0 70'6 04'9 M"l

rboys 12 8 230 "' 1'7 3'6 9'3 7'D '9 3·· 88'1 66'0 91'8 87 8 81'7 os·o 69'7 84'8

IV ... Secondary aohouls <girls 91 1D "" 220 S'9 , .. 98 9'0 l'S S'l 85'2 83'2191'8 92'8 89'2 836 l51S'4 40'7 I Lmil'cd

I~ 12 87 1D4 '" 1'9 10'3 10'6 0'3 •·8 87'4 81'7 M7 94'1 88'1 83'l5 lSI'S 69''

Total .,, <08 I o·• ----•• .. 098 s·8 9'7 10'1 1'3 >1'0 St;;·O 82'1 02;'6 92'2 86'2 87'D 81'2 63'8 ---- 173-0

rboya 13 9 190 127 3'1 ••• 0'1 8'3 I'D •7 91'8 90'6 93'9 91'1 87'0 83'3 rn·D

v '" Seconda.ry schools 1 girls 91 18 210 202 s·s 3·D 6'' ··~ ... 2'D 91'2 so·o o3'4 "''' 88'8 89'D 76'15 08'D

~.,mixed 1D ID 87 62 s·D I'D 3'D 1'6 ,.. 1'0 92'0 OIS'B 97'D 94'9 91'0 03'2 74'2 e2·7 ---- - -- -- -- -- ·-- -· - ------ -- ---- -- --Total ... <I 37 478 391 2'7 2'6 0'6 •·s '6 ,.. 91'7 90'7 04'1 87'0 90'2 s9·o 79•D 8<'2

r·· -- -- ---- -------- -------- ------11 0 138 90 4'3 ''I 3'6 s·D , .. I'D 00'6 9o·o 87'1 81'1 s.·D 84'3 7•·• ....

VI ... Secondary aobools girls ,. 17 140 B7 ~·· 3'~ 2•7 ••• 9'7 N 00'9 8•·7 97'8 OG'D 02'6 01'3 77'D l58'7

Lmlxod ID 19 49 .. ... 3'6 7'1 12'l5 2'~ s·o 00'l5 so·3 92'1 91'1 81·· M'~ 811'2 62'9

Total ... -- sal 82o -- ---- ------------ ---- --.. 392 3'0 ~·D 3'6 8'9 .. , I'D '90'7 88•4 92'6 90'0 87'6 87'7 77'2 62'7

Jboya 9 7 00 04 ~·2 ,.. 2'1 6'3 ••• 6'3 88·• s•·o 90'6 08'' M'l 83'6 76'0 87'3

Vll "' St·condary schools girls 16 10 86 02 03 2'2 ''7 ~·~ ·•·7 3'2 88'3 90'2 98'7 95'2 too-o oro "'' 79''

lmilod ID 8 2S 29 4'3 ... ~·3 3·• "' ... 91'4 96'6 109'0 02'9 90'l5 8l5'7 81'0 78'l5

Totnl -- ------ ---- -- ---------- ---- --"' 3(1 31 200 lBO 3'• 1'6 ... 4'8 ~·· 3'8 88'8 so·8 96'1 86'1 96•2 88'6 '12'0 81'9

T Cltal fCir f Pdmary aohoola -- -- ------ ---- -- -- ----"' ... ,. 13 2U 222 7'1 8'D 17'D 16'9 •• 2'9 76'6 73'0 93'3 9Q'7 87'6 00'1 80'6 79'6

1111 at.nnd·{ (boys IS 9 1,193 813 2'8 2'3 8'9 7'6 1'6 1'~ 86'7 88'7 90'0 78'9 8G'4 anhl, l Secondary schoola

I &1>'6 81'4 80'1

~ girla 112 OD 1.~9 1,340 3'8 3'~ 9'7 11'3 t·• 2'3 srs·o 83'0 91'8 91'1 77'7 87'9 [mJJ:od

oo·• 89'l5

11 12 803 , .. 1'0 3'D 12'7 12'7 ... 2'9 83'3 81'41 91'1 9D'9 83'3 79'3 88'8 79'l5 -- -- -- -- -- ------GRAl'D TOt'AL :JOB .ALL -- -- - ---- ------ -- --acnoox.s ... ...

"' "' M J 3,379 1!,973 3·• 3'7 10'3 1081 1'6 84'7 2'1 83'4 91'2 87'lS 88'1 80'~ 79'' 7~·

-

HINDI, I LA

Number or

l Percl'ntngo of I Number of

STANDARD. aoholnrs scholars presented, P8111ie8o presented,

1890-91. r891-92.11S00-0I.

11891.92. \1800-91.,1891-92.

v ... ... . .. ... 3 " 33'8 GR·:t so 17 VI

"' '" ... . .. ,. 37'1 •t 29

Vll ... ... ... . .. B 12 1·s:o 110'0 '3 •• --- -- -- ----- ---Total ... ,07 68 .... ...~ IOD 71


shows the percentage of passes for each class of school an~ for each standard at •nuc.noN o• for i11dividual examination in the special list schools, the figures 1891-92 are iwnor•m.

Ol P.A.SBB8 IN- PBRCBNTJ.OB OP SCnOLJ.R! WBO PASBED Ilf-

Claas eubjocts. Por('(lnt~FO'of instntollon

Thn>o Two Ono No 8I'Wlt OIUUt.odo

Nc~dlowork.j Geogrophy. I olrmont.ary e1C~mflntary olom1•ntnry olomrontary

lllothomo-1 subjt.>cts, aubjt.'Clto subjt..-ct. 1ubjoct,

English. Dhtory. tiCS, Science.

s I : I ~ ~ ~ I " s I ~ I

,.,

I ~ I E) ~

I s I "' I

s I ~ I ~ : s I ~ ~ I si " ~ "' 0 ~

~ iii ~ i ~ @ ~ s 0 s 0 iii ! 8l ~ !! 8l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ :!1 ~ ~ ~

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

... ... oo·o 91'3 ... ... I ... ... ... ... ... . .. \'8'0 !3'2 17'0 10'6 s·o !·S . .. .. . oo·s 8oJ'"

... ... ... ... .. . ... ... ... ... ... .. . .. . 82'8 '12'6 115'7 23'S 1'0 1'0 .. . s·s 01'1 ss·o

... ... 0-J,'7 O.Jo'4 ... ... ... .. . ... ... ... .. . 73'15 78"0 10'3 1'1'0 10'9 s·s .. . 1'8 as·s (10':1

... ... 80'1 SS'I5 ... ... "' "' .. . ... ... .. . .... 74'8 11"3 u·o 1'0 0'7 r• •• oro BlJ•g ---- ------------ -- -- -- -- ----- ----------- --... ... 03'15 02'7 ... ... ... ... .. . ... . .. .. . 78'S '16'41 16'15 18'15' ••• ••• •• 1'0 87'3 87'6 -- ---- -- -- - ------ -- -- -- - ---- - --- --- -- -01'7 715'0 .... 81'8 04'3 n·o ... ... ... ... ... .. !G·7 07'3 23'S so·s ... 1'0 ... .. . .... 81'3

7(N o.•·s ... ... oo·s Gll'1 ... ... ... . .. ... ... 7n~ .... 29'·· 27'0 1'0 o·· 1'9 .. . 70'0 78'()

010 01'1 ors·o fn·o BI·rs 83'S ... "' ... ... ... .. . 74'7 .., .. 217 20'7 s·s ··o ·~ s·a at·~ .... 01'8 87'0 70'3 .... 79'0 80'7 ... ... .. . ... ... ... 81'1 83'1 H'S 13'3 4'1 s·~ .. . I'S lU'1 8:l'R -- ------ -------- -- -- -- ------ - ---------------87"7 8o·rs 01'-l .... 71S'1 71"3 ... ... .. . ... ... .. . 71S"7 ro·s n·1 2-''IS 2'0 ••• ·o N 81'S @0"7 -- - -- ---- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---- ---- - -- ---------OS'IS 720 100'0 81'0 H'9 70"3 ... ... ... ... ... .. . IS7'0 .... 23'0 .... 13"9

··~ •·s s·s 72"9 7U"7

8G'O {13"1 ... ... SG'D 82"0 ... ... ... ... .. . .. . OGO 01'1 20'8 22'{1 11'9 13'9 N ••• 1-1'7 7:1'0

SIS'D 80'6 D3'S oo·s 82'1 81'2 ... ... ... ... ... .. . n·o GIS'2 21'8 32'8 ••• 10'4. 1'0 1'0 77'lS 70'8

lH'I 87'3 SO'S 80'4 !W8 .... ... ... .. . ... .. . ... 70'0 76"0 21'0 llS'S ••• o·s •·s ••• 800 .... -- ------ -- -- - ---- -- -- -- -- -------- -- - --- --ss·o 85'1 D4"4 87"0 83·a 82'1 ... ... ... ... .. . .. . 67'0 oo·o 23"3 27'0 7'G 10'2 i'l ••• 76'0 73"8 -- -------------------------------- ----- ---- --8o·rs 70'0 01"3 oo·o 94.'6 82'4 ... ... ... ... .. . ... .... 47'1 so·• 01'2 ••• 11'7 ... .. . 77'1 .... 70"2 so·s ... ... .... 87'9 ... ... ... . .. .. . .. . rsG·7 73'7 31'2 os·s 11'9 ··1 •• .. . 10'0 82'0

61'() 69'3 .... oro 71'8 .. .. ... ... ... ... . .. .. . .... f1'lS 411'6 46'S o·s 13'1 .,. 1'1 .... 01'0

!7'0 7-t.'1 Ofl'-i 05'2 78"0 81'2 ... ... ... ... ... ... 40'1 M'7 49•) .... 11'8 s·s ... ··7 oo·o 70'9 --~;:~( ~:; 70•0 73"4 Dli'4 91" !11'7 ... 1 62'1 ri!S"9 37'0 ~s·o 10"3 o·u ·o 1'0 07"2 117'0

81'2 67'0 7o&'4 .... 79'2 '16'7 76"1 61"9 73'0 '41'3 21'1 -!2'1) ••• o·o •• •• 73'0 ..,., oo·s 7"'6 07'0 800 07'0 117·· 76'6 .... 67'G srs·o ... ... 6lS'8 M·t 28'1 38'7 0'1 0'1 1'0 1'1 117'0 .... GI'S oo·rs 82'4 liS'l ss·o 70'3 n·o G2'7 so·s ss·s ... ... 72'7 :S7'6 20"0 37'9 o·• • •• .. . 1'7 73'7 oo·o -- ------ -- ------------ -- -- ---------------------71'7 '11 '3 ••• as·o 72"6 7-11"1 70'2 ., .. 74"0 !11'1 ,., .. ln'O 70'1 ra·rs 2·1."2 80'7 ··o ••• '7 so 70'0 01'1 ------------ -- ---- -- -- -- -- ------------------77"0 oo·o ... ... ., .• 77"li as·o 78•0 65'6 ll.l'1 28'1 31'3 O:N 67'8 i!-&'0 ... 12'8 10'0 '8 7'8 D0'1 M'7 .... GS·s OS'lS 81'0 so·o .... ss·3 70'6 oo·o 22'9 ... ... n·o M'O 24'·· .... 3'7 G'S ... '6 7·•·o ru·7

78'6 73"3 s6·o 73'0 81'6 77"8 85'S 86'7 47'0 13'0 ... ... c.s·2 <0·7 31'0 so·o ••• 13"3 .. . ••• fit '7 02'7 ------------------ -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --- -------· -----81'0 08'8 oo·s &N 7-"6 60'0 ss·7 76'9 Gll8 ·~~ I!S'I 81'8 67'1 M'O 24'8 ss·• 7'7 8'8 .. ••• 0:!7 (l.1"R -- -- -- --· -------- - -- -- -- --------- ----------SIS'-11 94'1 ... ... 70'3 11<"1 02'7 70'0 70"8 70'6 42'0 oo·o .... 61'0 .... 18"2 ••• ](l'' 1'2 ••• 76'3 ... , 86'8 74'6 07'3 D4'0 82'{1 00'-i O.J,'7 00'4 os·s 90'2 ... o 10'0 (J-1'6 71'1 so·• 2<'1 ... ••• ... ... 70'6 78'0

00'7 75'0 87'6 IWS 85'7 8!1'2 85'0 85'7 .... ss·s ... ... 76'9 n·• u·s .,.. ••• ... .. . 7'9 '13'0 7S·S -- -- -------- -- -- --- -- ------------------------s3·s so·o 05"6 02'1 81'6 91'4 02'7 sa·s 733 oo·s •Wl so·a 07'6 08'1 211'7 91'7 2"2 7'8 •• ••• 76"1 7:n -- -·· -- -- ------ -·- -- -- -- -- -- --------------------00'4 73•0 02'3 ss·o ss·s 72'0 ... ... ... ... .. . ... .... ru·s 2"'3 31'6 o·s ••• 1'2 ·o !:11'0 .. .. 7S'lS 82'8 ... ... 'IIS'l Sl'S s3·o 76'7 72'0 72'0 36'2 .... 08'0 &ll'l 26'3 20'0 &·s ••• •• ••• 72'0 71'0

68'6 77'1 00'4 60'6 77"4. so·• .... "''0 110'6 .... .... to·o 117·• 00'1 26'1 32•9 ••• 7'3 ·o 1'' 74'6 70"7

oo·s 70'4 .... 81'6 82'1 82'1 86'6 76'S ro·s 25'4 ... ... 70'4 00'7 22'7 !1.'0 o·s o·o ., 2'7 70'0 701 ...:~ ---------------- ------- -;.-~--.-. ----

'12'8 70'0 0.11'4 s1·s 77'7 so·15 ss·rs 70'7 70'6 02·4 37·7 ss·s 08'2 62'2 24.'8 28'4- 0'2 •·o 'W7 71'8 I

TJlf, I FRBNCJI, I DIJ:.AWJNO.

I Pcrcenta~ro ol I Nnmhnr of I Porcentn<o of I NumhP.r of Potel"nfl'go of arhcolun scholni"!J

pMSCS. pl'l•scntcd. ,..,., ..

prcacnkod. put~Cl~,

' 11801-92. 11soo.ot.jtsPt·D2.1tS:)(l.oJ.\ts!Jt.re.IIRID·lll.ltsoa.o:! /t800·01.]Hm1-D2. tS00-91.

.... es·o •• " 6"!'1 so·o " ., Ill'S 'l!l'S .so ·1U"7 10 ,. tjiYO t.rr·O " " l'.oli'U r.:J 1

1-·62"2 4S"O 18 21 3."1) SW1 • 17 2~'0 'IO"d ·

6Y0 .,. 67 GO .... 0~'3 "' lOS 71'0 1.1::1'8

p


r.onc.<TioN o•· There was an increase of 7·35 per cent. in the number of scholars eligible EuRor••Ns. for instruction grant for last year when compared with the number eligible for

1890-91, if schools now on the special list be excluded from the calculation in both years.

The standard for passing was raised in most subjects last year, particularly in reading, needlework, history and mathematics. In consequence of this, the percentage of possible instruction grant actually earned fell from 7 4·7 in 1890-91 to 71·8 last year.

198. The percentage of instruction grant earned in the middle and pdmary departments of all schools not on the special list is given below:

Jliiddle Departments.

NAMB OP SCIIOOL.

Calcutta Boys' ... ... ... Calcutta Girls' ... . .. . .. Doveton Institution for Young Ladies ... East Indian Railway, .A.snnsol ... . ..

Ditto, Jamnlpur, ... . .. Ditto, ditto (Night) ...

Girls' High, Darjoeling ... ... ... Government Boarding, Kurscong ... ... ... Loretto Boarding and Doy, Intally Loretto Convent, .Asnnsol ... . .. Loretto Day, Bow Bazar (Pay Department )

Ditto, ditto (Free ditto ) Ditto, Dhurrumtollab (Pay ditto )

Loretto House ... Loretto Orphanngo, In tally ... Loretto Priory, HnzUribUgh ... Miss O'Brien's Dny ... ... ~lisscs Stnrlt's ... ... Pratt Memorial ... ... Protestant European, Cuttnck ... St. Agnes's, Howrnh ... ... St. Anthony's Girls' ... ... St. Gregory's, Dacca ... ... St. Helen's, Kurscong ... ... St. James's High ... ... St. Josoph's, Bow Bnzar (Pay Do~artment)

Ditto, ditto (Free itto ) St .. Joseph's, Banl<ipore (Boarding)

Ditoo, ditto (Orphanage) St. Josrph's Convont, Cutlack ...

t. 111 ichnol's Coorjeo ... s s s s s s s w w

t. Patrick's, AsnnsoJ t. Paul's Mission, Calcutta t. Placid's, Chittn~ong t. Scholastica's C ittngong t. Teresa's, Kiddcrpur t. Thomns's, Howrah ... cllnnd Memorial ... csloynn Propnrntol'Y ...

... ...

...

... ...

... ... ... ...

. .. ...

... . .. ... . .. ... . .. . .. ...

... ... ...

...

... ... ... . ..

... . .. ... ... ... ... ... ...

181l0-0l. I Number of

scholnrs t•li- 'Pcrcentn!;'O giblo for of imtruct10n

in!ltructlon grant eu.rncd. grant.

19 81!'3 52 66•1 20 63•8

2 66•6 5 71•4

10 66•7 29 62•7 21 69'1 24 66•1 11 896 !9 64'7 9 55'6

26 68'2 25 85•1 30 511'6 8 69·8

12 83•1 6 54•8

35 86 8 21 U29 9 78·5 5 85•7 9 50·(1 2 86•7

18 60•0 61 83·9 36 82•0 21 79·6 10 62·9

6 31'0 40 63•0 ... ... 13 89•0

2 16•7 5 600 1 81•0

24 82•7 14 67•0

5 76'8

P•·w.arg IMpartments.

Calcutta Boys' ... ... ... so 79'3 Calcutta Girls' ... ... 57 78·7

ovoton Institution for Youns; Lad'i;s ... 19 64•6 D East Indian Railway, Asansol ... ... 13 90•4

Ditto, Buxar ... ... 9 95•2 Ditto, Jnmal~ur ... . .. 24 57•0 Ditto, Khaf.o e ... ... 12 93•0 Ditto, ·Mad •P.ur ... ... s 92•3 Ditto, Nawad1h ... ... 9 71•1

G

o~ean Day, Dinnpur ... ... 9 88•4 itto, Snidpur ... ... 6 39·3

Girls' High, Darjecling ... ... 18 63'9 ovornmont Boardinf, Kurscong ... ... 51 94•0

Loretto Boarding nn Dny, Intally ... 31 75•6 JJoretto Convent, Asansol ... ... 26 . 87 2 Loretto Dny, Bow Bozar (Pay Department) 30 I 90'7

Ditto, ditto (Free ditto ) 70

I 72•7

Ditto, Dhurrumtollah (Pay ditto ) 51 65•2 Ditto, ditto (Free ditto ) 28 63·0

I

1801·tl'~.

NumbC!r of scholnrs eli- PcrcontnEfe-

lfiblo for of instructwn in!itruction grant enrned.

gnmt.

81 82•9 60 62 6 14 44'6

5 78'5 s 66·7

12 45'1 37 68•9 20 62•8 21 87'3 13 703 25 67'4 8 60•4

33 66•:1 26 86•7 45 6:J·6 10 66·7 16 61'7 3 57·7

30 82·4 16 53•2 8 76'9 5 60'0

17 19'4 2 100'0

21 53'4 60 66'3 35 57•6 23 32·9 13 385 6 12'8

55 67•0 9 81'r>

13 86·5 8 35•4 4 54•2

10 ~60

27 7>1'6 12 88·3 .

2 46·~

52 80•4 51 8s·s 17 50•0 20 52'7 11 78•3 27 59'3 13 82•5

3 84•7 9 85'4

10 830 12 94'6 24 79•7 59 94'6 22 82'1 33 854 33 82'6 69 68·a 41 80·4 ~2 70•5


N .uut or Scuoot.

Loretto House ... ... LoretLo Orphnnn~o, Intnlly ... Loretto Prwry, Hnz8ribiigh ... ll!iss O'Brien's Day ... • .. Misses Stark's .•. . .. Pratt Memorial ... • .. Protcstunt European, Cuttnck ... Rt. Agnes's, Howr11h ... ,,, St. Anno's Orphnnngo, In tally .. . St. Anthony's Girls' ... .. . St. Chrysostom's ,,, .. . St. Eliznbcth's, Howrah .. . St. Grl'gcry's, Ducca ... ,,, St. Helen's, Kurscong ... . .. St. James's High ... .. . St. John's Girls' .. . St •• Joseph's, !low Bazar (Pay Dopnrtment) ...

Ditto, ditto (Free ditto ) ... St. Joseph's, Dnnlciporo (Boarding)

Ditto, ditto (Orphnnoge) St. Joseph's Convent, Cuttack ... St. lllary's ... ,., St. Michael's, Coorjeo ... . .. St. Patl'ick's, Asansol ... ... St. Paul's 1\lission, Calcutta ... St. Placid's, Cbittn~ong ... St. Scholnslicn's Convent, Chittagong Ht. Stephen's, Hastings .. . St. 'l'ercsn'~. Kiddcrpur .. . St. Thornn«:'s, Howrah ... . .. 'Weiland McmoriRl ... ... W osleynn PrcJ>nrntory ...

1800-91. 1S91-Il2.

Number of SC'holnrs ell·

~tibh! for iD9tnlcfion

grunt.

59 116

18 49 H 65 24 16 20 20

7 9

21 13 16 15 79 85 47 22 ~3 2

81

2q 25 21 18 18 39 66 Jl

Nnmb(1r of Pf'rcl'ntn~n of s(•holllt'll l'li· in~truclion Jrihll' for

~~;runt earned. hl!!lru('tion

93'5 65'2 660 8·1'7 93'3 s~·2 70'0 88•3 7H·S 68•3 77'4· o6·o 49'0 9·1·0 7ti·O 76·o 8·1'1 S·l·i 61•0 70'1 65•7

100'0 80'7

87•2 70•3 6·13 70'2 76•7 77•7 81'3 ~1·5

gnwt.

o8 108 16 4>7 15 39 19 29 22 HI 7

13 18 8

21 16 89 92 69 19 23 10 86 21 39 16 23 15 23 35 75 lU

PCII't'f'UfnJro or in~trurtwu

Krllllt ou.rued.

88'6 70'8 83'6 803 91'7 82'J. 72'7 797 71'6 62·6 61•3 80·3 c;s 2 9o·7 90•3 6~·4 82•1 66•6 OG·O 73 0 21·0 950 87'0

100·0 87'1 61'3 64'2 73'8 847 82 6 8~·5

78•0

199. An11ual examination of schools on the special Ust.-There are now five schools upon the special list, the scholars attending them numbering altogether 847. In t~e case of fou~ out of the five, the n~w system had been sufficiently Ion"' established at the time of the annual exammat.wn to allow the formation of ~ reliable opinion concerning its operation-whether the fact of the rrrant being independent of the examination results had produced, or seemed likely to produce, a slacken_ing of zeal on the part of t!te teachers ; and whether tho greater freedom ~nJoyed. had beet~ ac~ompamed by any chnnge either in the style of teachwg, or m the classificatiOn of the scholars. On these points J\lr. Bamford writes as follows:-

"By adopting collective examination of the classes in those subjects o£ instruction for which that method is particularly suitable, instead of individual examination in nil the subjects taught, I found time for a muoh ID:ore thor~ugh exam~ nation thro~ghout the whole curriculum than would have been otherwtse praotlCahle: whtle the consotous freedom from the thought thnt my discoveries might prejudicially nfioot the grant permitted mo to probe deeply, and so find out not only what work. hn~ be?n dono, but also how it had boon accomplished. Under the old system the exnmmntton IS nlmost perforce restricted, both by want of time ~nd by .the dep?nde~ce of the J;rnnt upon the results, to mer?ly.nscertaining whether certnm defimte questions m each subject onn be answered by each mdtviuunl in n class. It is there!ore im~ossible to test more than n yery smnll ~ortion of the year's work; and thus not only 1s a constdernble element of ohanoe mtroduoed mto the examination but the Inspector is unable to gain that full insight into the working of the school which is absolutely necessary if his report is to be full and reliable.

"'!'he teachers were quite prepared for the great chango in the ohnrnotor of the examination and the result was in every way sntisfnotory. Instead of the £ovorish excitement usu~lly prevailing among tl~e teacher~ on th~ day of examin~tion (as to whether tho questions touched upon the partlCular pomts whwh had boon spemnlly crammed for tho occa,ion and whether the ~hildren were enoh nnd nil making the m~st of t.hoir ~pportunities), thor~ was healthy nmoet,r that t~~ .work of t~e year should. gtve snt~sfno.t~on, combined witb. eagerness for any .fnendly crthc!sm .or ndvJCo! the nocesstty or .desl.l'n?t!tty of which might suggest itself durmg the exnmmntwn. I dt~ ~ot. observe n smgle mstnnce of dimini•hed ell'ort to do well. On the eont~nry, the nnbotpahon of n mor~ searching and thorough examination appeared to have shmulnte~ every one to. greater vtgo~r throughout the year. In several instances I was pleased ~o nottce o. marked Improvement m the tonohin"'-show and superficiality were gradually bo10g replaced by soundness nnd depth: bare crnm;;,ing for

. p 2

EDUC.\TIO~ Oio'

. Bt'ltOl'R.A:o;S,

BDUCATION OP

BUROP&\.NSo

108 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR . the examination day by honest endeavour to teach well whatever subjects were attempted. In these cas~s, also, it wns clear that the teachers were beginning to take advantage of those incidental opportunities which arise, both for cultivating the observing and the thinking faculties of the children, and for adding to their store of useful knowledge.

"Owing to an erroneous idea that any classification of the children not based upon the results of previous examinations under the old system would meet with disapproval, little or no advantage hnd been taken of the freedom allowed in this respect; and I discovered many scholars, particularly in the middle standar~s, who mi!l'ht have been remove~ to another ola~s with benefit both to themselv~s and to their compamons. I hope to find m future that this privilege has been exercised both fully and judiciously.

Four of the five special list schools are in a very efficient condition. The fifth improved slightly during the yenr, and I trust that it is at length about to emerge from the unsatisfac. tory state in which it has been slumbering for many years."

200. Singing.-Singing by note is taught in 20 schools, and singing by ear in 14. For singing by note, the tonic sol.fa is the only system used. In nearly all the schools the singing was very good; in four or five it was most excellent.

201. Drill.-Ten schools teach drill, and seven of the ten earned a grant in that subject.

202. Bruce Inslitution.-The capital of this institution has been increased, by the further investment of Rs. 4,000, toRs. 6,71,500, which yields an annual net interest of Rs. 26,792, and its benefits were shared by 116 girls, distributed as follows :-Loretto Convent School 57, Calcutta Free School 25, St. Paul's l\fission School 3, Pratt Memorial School 11, Calcutta Girls' School 12, Doveton Institution for Young Ladies 3, Protestant European Orphanage for Girls, Cuttack, 3, and St. Joseph's Convent School, Cuttack, 2. '!'he average monthly cost of the education and maintenance of each girl on the foundation amounted to Rs. 15-11·9, against Rs. 15·4-7 in the preceding year.

203. Pupil·teaclwrs.-The following table shows the number of pupilteachers in the various schools on the 31st March 1891 and 1892:-

NU!IDBB Oll' Pt7l'It•TRACJlBD.S ON TIIB 31B'l' I NUMDBB OP PUPIL·TBACinms ON 'l'BB 31ST llAncn 1801- MAnon tso.a-

ScnooL. Prcpnring lor their- Preparing Cor their-

First year's Second I Third To tnt.

p;..,t year's! Booond I Third Total.

exnmiim- yen.r's ex- year's ex- CJ:!'mina.. ycnr's ex. year'11 ex· tion, nminntion. nminntion, ttOn. nmino.tion. nmination.

Calonttn. Free gno~ra' Depnrtmontj s I ... 1 • 1 '"a ... 1

Ditto Girb' ditto • 2 • 1 2 • Cntholio 1\fnlc rphrmngo ... ... 2 ... ... • •• ... '" • Dovrton Institutton ... . .. 1 "' "'t 1 ... 4 ... "' Lorrlto Bow Hn.zo.r ... ... "' 1 ... 2 "' ... '".t

St.I>o.ui's Mission ... ... "' . .. ... 1 1 1 . .. "' 1 ------ -------- --- ------Total ... 0 s • 1. 11 9 • 1 •

At the last examination all the 3rd·year pupil-teachers passed, and were awarded 3rd-grade provisional certificates. Of the 2nd-year pupil.teachers two passed and one failed. The latter has since resigned. 0£ the nine pupil~ teachers of the first year, one resigned before the examination, four failed, and four passed. Two of the latter have since resigned.

204. Assistant teache1'8.-The number of persons recognised durin"' the year was 7, bringing up the total to 126. "'

205. Certificated teachers.-The following table shows the number of certificates in existence, together with the changes made during the year:-

Number of Number of c.hnnfcsresnlt. Number of

ccrtificntcs in mg rom the certificates in CL.US OP CRBTIFICATB. existence on certificates conversion of existence on

the 1st April issued during provisional tho yonr. into permanent the 31st March

1891. certificates. 1892.

First grade { Permanent ... 13 . .. . .. 13 ··· Provisionn.l ... 3 . .. . .. 3

Second grade {Permanent ... 22 1 ... 23 ••• Provisional ... 16 2 . .. 18

Third grade f Permanent ... 40 . .. +3 43 ... Pl'ovisional ... H 18 -3 89

- - I , , ' ... -..

' ' I ·-, ' I I , ... -... - ~

~ -. I

'I I ·.;. -;;:

n,,_,,..1,,u-o ./

-;

--:-0

/· /

·I · ,r.

/.• . ·5·

'

(· I) of

,,,~

IJ s

B A

OF

n E X G

n1o·

ntau .of tJre ,LOWER PROVINCES

OF

m m 1:1 ~ a ~ S H O WING

THE EXTENT OF MAHOMEOAN EDUCATION in 1891 -92.

-S·

·5·

,, "

y

~-\..

-1( ,, I\ , ... .... ,

I.

·~

\ -:::

REFER ENCE S.

Class 1. 20 to 30 per cent.

ll 2. 10 to 20 II II

II 3. 5 to 10 II II . .

ll 4. below 5 II II ·


IX.-1\fUIIAMl\IADAN EDUCATIO:N.

206. !'h~ fo~lowing table sho'!s t~e number and percentage of l\Iuham· madan pupils m different cla~ses of mst1tutions :-

Public IMtitution~-

Arts colleges ... High English schools Middle , ,

, vernnculnr sehools Upper primary schools Lower , , Professional colleges 1.'cchnico.l schools Training Madrnssas

P1ivate InstitutioM-

Total

Advanced ... ... Elementary ... ,,, Teaching the Koran only ... Other schools not conforming to depart•

mental standards

Total

GB.I.ND ToTAL

Total number of pupils.

6.225 79,009 60.886 62,789

145,725 1,030,237

1,062 2,864 1,948 2,631

1,392,371

34,862 81,671 70,360

2,801

1,531,965

Number of Pcrcontngo of Muhammadan Muhammadan

pupilo. pupils.

299 8,408 9,08~ 9,968

28,5&0 2~5,622

87 447 19.£

2,597

855,207

13,866 8,831

70,3·W

1,098

93,640

448,847

G·7 I0·6 }4·9 15•8 19•6 28•6 94

15•6 11•9

087

2&·6

99·7 26 3 99'9

so·2

67•8

29·.a

The total number of l\luhammadan pupils increased from 415,428 to 448,847, or by 33,419, and the percentage from 28•2 to 29·2. The correspond· ing figures in 1890 ":ere 433,653 and 29·06, so that the loss of last year hns been more than re~ni?-ed: '.!'he number ~f Muhammadan pupils increased in every class of pubhc wstltuhons except middle vernacular schools and training schools. Last year the number of pupils in lower primary schools went down from 278,902 to 271,222. 'l'his year it has risen to 295,622. The number of Muhammadan pupils in training schools has again decreased: this time from 220 to 194. Sir Alfred Croft remarked last year that the returns of Muhammadan schools were understated. '!'his may to a certain extent account for the great increase in private as well as in public institutions for the education of Muham· niadans. The number in private institutions has this year risen from 86,779 to 93,640. There is a falling off in elementary private institutions and in other schools not conforming to departmental standards.

207. The Assistant Inspector of Muhammadan Education, Dacca and Chittagong Divisions, remarks that the increase of Muhammadan pupils in the Dacca Division is shared by all the districts in the division. lie ascribes the increase in great measure to the fact that the District Boards show " every reasonable regard for the interests of the Muhammadans." lie draws from the fact that, contrary to the experience of former years, the increase is greater in public than in private schools, the conclusion that the Muhammadans are gradually appreciating the advantage of secular education. The great increase in the district of Noakhali in the Chittagong Division seems to be due to some favourable concessions made to Muhammadan pupils by the District Board. In Tippera also there is an increase, but there is a slight falling off in the district of Chittagong.

In the Rajshahi Division there has been the large increase of 3,821 Muhammadan pupils in all classes of schools, while the total increase of pupils has been 5 381. ln this division the percentage of Muhammadans in schools is 56·8, while the percentage of llfuhammad~ns to. the total number of inhabi· tants is 63•1. As regards the schools specmlly .mtended for A!uhammadans, the increase in madrassas has been only 11 and m schools teachmg tho Koran onl:r. 85. On these figures .lllr. Bellett remarks:-" Do not these small rates

IIUHAKUADAN

I.DUCATION.

)IVliAllliJ.DAN

EDUCATION,

110 I!EPOR'l.' m• THE DIRECTOR

of increase show that Muhammadans, in this division at least, care but little for the education supposed to be specially provided to meet their needs?"

In the Presidency Division the total number of Muhammadan pupils increased by 1, 148. The increase was shared by all classes of public schools, except middle vernacular schools, madrassaa, and private elementary institutions. In the Burdwan Division there has been an increase of 335 Muhammadan pupils. This is the more significant, as the total number of pupils of all creeds in the division has decreased by !3,018.

In the Patna Division the percentage of ~Iuhammadan pupils to the Muhammadan population has advanced from 1·5 to 1·7. There is a steady advance in all districts .except Champaran. There is a gain of 15,860 in the total number of pupils and of 3,048 in the number of Muhammadan pupils. In the Bhagalpur :Division the total number of Muhammadan pupils in public and private institutions taken together has fallen from 20,756 to 17,1011 and the percentage from 22·6 to 20·2. .

In the Chota Nagpur Division the Muhammadan pupils attending all classes of schools have advanced from 3,435 to 3,7.89, and their percentage to pupils of all denominat.ions from 5·7 to 6·1. The increase in this percentage is specially remarkable in private schools, and is due in a great measure to a larger number of maktstbs and Koran schools being returned during the year.

The variation in the number of Muhammadan pupils in the Orissa Division is nominal only, as the number in public institutions has decreased by 8, while in private institutions it has increased by 22.

208. 'l'he following table shows the estimated expenditure of the Moshin Fund compared with the actual expenditure, The annual increase of the educational portion of the fund is usually taken at about Hs. 63,100:-

Estimated Actual HEAD OF CHARGRS. expenditure. expenditure.

Rs. .... P. Rs . A, P.

Maintenance or madrn.ssas .. 35,156 0 0 (a) 32,426 6 7 Salaries of Maul vis in high schools 4,350 0 0 4,801 11 4 Scholarships · ... · · · .:. · 10,080 0 0 9,722 2 6

.Short-fee payments · 16,459 0 0 (b) 19,646 10 9 Miscellaneous . 70 0 0

-,-.-.-Total 65,115 0 0 66,596 15 1

(a) Includes Its. son t.o Sylhct 11£ndrnssa., Rs; 192 for boo.rders in tho Muhnmmo.do.n Hostel at Midno.pore Rs. 4.90 to Jor('ghnt Alo.dro.sso., nnd lb. 20 to SltO.!JUr ~ludnul.~fl. . ' ·

(6) Includes Rs. 760, bowg tho. contributions to Midnllpore o.nd Borllo.mporo colleges, transferred to Jocnl bodies.

The ~xpen~iture shows a slight decrease under the hea~ of Scholarships, but there IS an mcrease·under all the other heads. The opemn" baiance of the fund amounted to Rs. 42;311-B-8 and the closing balance to Rs~ 32 739·8·2

209 .. The foll~wirig st~tem~nt shows the success gaine~ by ~iuhamm~dan students at the various. Umversity and departmental exammations during the year under report :-

Name of .Exru:D.ination.

. NUMDER OF SUCCESSFUL CANDIDATES.

,.------~-----....., Muhammadans. Total.

··M.A. D. A. First Arts· Entrnnce .... • .. Middle Scholarship Examinations 1

from middlo English schools. J Middle Scholarship Examinations}

from middle vcrnacula.r schools. Upper primary Lower n

2 l4 47 85

126

161

407• 2,67St

46 275

1,036 1,712

1,4VS

1,782 2,491•

18,630t

PERCENTAGE OF MUHAMMADANS,

r---. ....A.. .. -,

Among successful U ndel' candidates. instruction.

::~9} 15'7 4·5 4"9

8•4

9•03

16•3 H·S

10•6

14•9

15•8

19"5 28•6

• E1olusivo of those P~Wing from other thnn upper primnry schools, but inclush·o of privnt() students. t .. u " lower ,. " ., candidates.

The number that passed the M.A., B.A., F.A., and Entrance examinations during the precedin!S year wa~ 2, 12, _16, and 110 respectively. It will be observed that there Is a large mcrease ID the F.A, and a large decrease in the


Entrance examination. There is a serious falling off in the middle English >~un•""·'n·'~ and middle vernacular scholarship examinations. It was pointed out last snt•cmos. year that every possible inducement is offered to Muhammadans, in the form o£ scholarships and pri~es, to rend for the examinations of the University, but nevertheless the results are a little disappointing. It must be admitted that those Muhammadans who do proceed to the highest degree of the University generally acquit themselves very well.

210. The following table compares the general results of the central examination of madrassas for the last two years:-

1891. 1892. ~ ~---~-. ...... Number of First Second Third Total. Number of First Second Third 1'otal. candidates. division. division. division.. candidates. dh·ision. di\·ision. division.

Calcutta 82 6S 20 G 79 lOS 45 26 28 99 Dncco. 61 12 10 17 89 61 8 11 ~I 40 Ohittngong 64 23 11 11 46 56 22 9 21 6~ Hooghly ... 2f> s 7 JS 28 21 6 4 [> u Tippcra. 8 4 2 1 7 14 2 6 7 H Chitta gong

(Is lamia) 17 1 2 s 11 ... 1 l SasarAm 11 4 1 2 l ' Total 248 96 51 60 196 270 83 67 8~ 221

The most striking feature in the results of the present year is the passing by the Sasaram l\Iadrassa of all the four candidates sent up. This institu· tion failed to pass any candidates last year. The Tippera (or IIussnmio) Madrassa also passed all the candidates sent up. The Chittagang Islamiu. Madrassa, which last year sent up candidates for the first time, bas this year passed only one out of eleven. 1'he results of the examination taken as a whale would lead one to suppose that either the papers are very easy or the candidates very well prepared •.

211. The following table gives the results of the same examination in · fuller detail:-

Nuumm r.&.ssEo JN THB-,------.A. . .....,

CLAss. MADBA.SSAS, First Second Thord 'fotnl number

division. diYision. division. passed.

f''"'" ... 8 6 6 18 Dacca ... 1 s 4 8 Chittn~ong ... 8 a 7 12

FQurth-year cln" ... Hoogh y · ... 2 1 3 Tippera ... Chittngong .(Islamia)

1 Susar3m ,,. ... . .. 1

roaloutta 7 6 12 · ,. Dacca 1 ~ s 6

Chitta gong 4 2 4 10 Third-year class ... { Hooghly ... 1 1 I Tippera ... 1 3 4

Ohittngong (Islomia) 1 I l Sn~JarU.m ... ... I Calcutta u 4 9 23

Dacca 4 1 6 JO Ohittngong 7 I 8 ll

Second. yenr class •.. Hooghly 1 2 8 6 I Tipper& ... l 4 1 6

' Chittngong (Islnmio)

2 2 wa10. LSnsnram

'lL r:~·· ... 21 12 14 47 2 0 9 16

125. T" Chittngong ... 8 ' 7 19 to be gradu~ear clnu ... Hooghly ... 2 2 6

Tippero ... 1 s 4 the first tim€ . Chittogong (Jslnmio) Rs. 660, of \\, Sosart.m ... 1 1

The Suh Total 83 1>7 84 2241 optional subjc 'l'he number c The Sitakunrie £ollowino- table compares the attendance and expenditure of Inspector vis under Gov~rnment manacrement during the last two years. Tho by the local1rassa, the Nawttb of Murshidabad's Jlladrasst~, and the Cox's Bnzar

liUHAliMADAK

EDUCATION,


1\:fadrassa are maintained from Provincial revenues, and the rest from the Mohsin Fund:-

Receipts from :M'.&.DBASSAS. Number of pupils. Government. Total expenditure.

,--.A.---. ,---.A.--"'\ 1892: 1801. 1892. 1891. 1~92. 1891.

Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Calcutta (Arabic Department) 390 4~5 11,698 11,809 18,693 14,010

Dacca 4:J2 422 1&,071 15,:J91

Chittngong ... 466 64:J 10,001 11,678

Hooghly ... 69 68 2,417 2,123 Rajshahi ... ... ... tiS 51 8,606 3,527

34 60 418 429 560, 640 Cox's Bazar Mndro.ssn., Chittagong ..• Murshidabnd Nawab's Madrassa 63 59 15,482 15,219 ]6,482 ]5,219

Total 1,516 1,628 27,608 27,457 60,720 62,388 --213. Oalcutta Madrassa.-The number on the roll of the Calcutta l\Iadrassa

and its branch school on the 31st March 1892 was 1,319, against 1,215 in 1891, showing an increase of 104 pupils. They were distributed as follows:-

College Department ... 48 Arnbio Department ... ... 425 Ang!o.Persian Deportment ... 539 Colinga llranch School ... ... 807

. The attendance at the English classes of the Arabic Department is voluntary. Only 37 studentR attended them during the year under report, against 57 students in the precedi.ng yea~. The num?er of resident students during the past year was 84, agamst 81 m the precedmg year. The attendance at the niO'ht-school is voluntary. The numbers on the rolls are about 31. '!'he night·sch~ol is not as much appreciated as was hoped, but those students who attended it did well in the examinations.

The cause of physical education is not negleqted. In November 1891 an athletic and sporting club was formed, towards the establishment of which the Government contributed Rs. 300. Admission to this club is voluntary. Members pay a monthly fee of 2 annas. The number on the rolls is 150. The club is divided into three sections, each under a captain of their own election. · There is a regular daily routine, one hour every day after school hours being given in turn to drill, sports (cricket, tennis, football, &c.) and athletic exercises. Drill instruction is given twice a week on the madrassa premises by two pensioned soldiers ; for the sports a space has been acquired on the maidan, where a tent has been erected. Three prizes are awarded annually to those pupils who have shown the greatest proficiency.

The number of boarders on the 31st J\IIarch in the boarding-house, 9 Marquis Street, was 21, as against 19 in 1891. It cost Rs. 6,826, the Govern· ment grant being Rs. 1,800.

214. Dacca Mad1·assa.-In the Arabic Department the numbers fell from 218 to 196, while in the Anglo-Persian Department they rose from 214 to 226. The slight fall in the numbers, taken together, may be to a certain extent accounted for by a virulent epidemic of small-pox, which caused many students to resign and leave the town in the early part of 1892. Nine candidates appeared for the Entrance examination, of whom one passed in the first division, one in the second, and two in the third. The number of boarders was 34, against 33 in the previous year. The boarding-house is under the charge of the Persian teacher of the Anglo-Persian Department. He manages its affairs in consultation with a committee of the boarders. Thr discipline of the madrassa appears to be in all respects satisfactory. The,. no gymnasium, but some of the students are allowed to resort to thfJ.o·s College gymnasium. '!'he cricket club supported by the Hon'ble Naw

14.9 Ullah Bahadur seems to be doing well.

215. Hoogltlu 111adrassa.-'l'he number of students on the 15·8 31st March 181!2 was 68, against 69 in the preceding year. Tl 19·5 a~ounted to Rs. 264, aga~nst Rs. 261 in the previous year. The 28.6

d1ture was Rs. 2,123, agamst Rs. 2,417. ~~f:t:ics. 216. Okittagong Madrassa.-The numerical strength was 54~

on the same date of the preceding year. The students of the AJxaminations Depar.tment were 72 in number, against 35 in the preceding. It will be Supermtendent reports that an additional teacher is required. 1rease in the


of students reading English as an additional subject was 194. There were 28 boarders in the hostel.

The numerical strength of the Mir Abya Branch 1\Iadrassa was 116. 0£ these 20 were reading English as a second language.

217. Bajshahi Madrasaa.-The number of students was 51, against 63 in the preceding year. The falling off is attributed to insufficient accommodation in the boarding-house, but the Principal remarks that the evil has now been remedied by the erection of a new building, partly to be used as an additional boarding-house and partly for the accommodation of a class. It must, however, be observed that the number of inmates of the madrassa boarding-house continued to be 30 as in the preceding year. This is the largest number that the building will accommodate. There are 12 free boardersbips at Rs. 2·8. The other inmates pay Rs. 2 a. month towards the expenses of the establishment. This is supplemented by a grant of Rs. 45 from the M ohsin Fund.

218. Nawab of Murshida!Jad's MadrassrJ.-This institution, which is not so much a. madrassa as a school for the members of the Nawab's family, had 59 pupils on its rolls, against 63 on the corresponding date in the preceding year. The standard of studies has been further raised, and it bas now come to the full curriculum of a high English school. The income of the school, with the surplus regranted, amounted to Rs. 36,093, of which Rs. 15,219 were spent during the year under review. The number of boarders was 14, against 17 in the previous year. Cricket, lawn-tennis, billiards, and badminton were regularly played.

219. The following institutions deserve mention as intended solely or principally for 1\Iuhammadans :-

In the Burdwan Division the 1\Iidnapore Madrassa received Rs. 130 from the Midnapore Municipality in addition to the maintenance grant from the 1lfobsin Fund. It has never passed any students at the Entrance examination owing to the incompetence of its staff. There are madrassas at Bobar and Kusumgram in the Burdwan district, as stated in last year's report. The Muhammadan school at 1\Iargram, in the district of Birbhum, has had its grant withdrawn by the District Board on account of its having proved a failure, and the services of the Maul vi attached to that school for teaching the Muhammadan boys Arabic and Persian have been dispensed with. There is a. Jlfaulvi at the Birbhum Zilla School, and one bas been appointed in the Rampur H,i.t High English. School. The number on the rolls of the Sitapur l\Iadrassa was 22. All these 22 students are boarders. They read Persian. in addition to the Koran. The expenditure amounted to Rs. 1,428, as usual, being the proceeds of an old Dutch endowment, of which the British Government is the trustee.

In the Rnngpur Madrassa the roll number has risen from 82 to 115, end the average daily attendance from 48 to 88. The total expenditure has increased from Rs. 626 to Rs. 690. In the Dacca Division the Madaripur Madrassa is, properly speaking, a middle English school, with an Arabic Department attached to it. In December last it had 157 pupils on its rolls. Of these 88 were Muhammadans, and 40 of them belonged to the Arabic Department. It receives a monthly grant of Rs. 25 from Government, Rs. 10 from the Faridpur District Board, and Rs. 10 from the Madaripur Municipality.

In the Chittagong Division the Cox's Bazar Madrassa had on its rolls 60 pupils, against 34 in the year before. In addition to their oriental studies, 6 of the boys read English and 24 read Bengali. The total amount of expenditure was Rs. 540. Rupees 51 was realised from fees and fines.

'l'be Madrassa Islamia went down iu numerical strength from 130 pupils to 125. The Assistant Inspector of Muhammadan Education remarks that it seems to be gradually declining, as far as the roll-number is concerned. It sent up for the first time candidates to the central examination. The total expenditure was Rs. 660, of which Rs. 540 were met from fees and Rs. 120 from subscriptions.

The Sultanpur Victoria Jlladrassa, which teaches Bengali and English as optional subjects, bad 52 pupils on its rolls: 45 lt!uhammadans and 7 Hindus. 'l'he number of Bengali and English-reading pupils was 40 and 20 respectively. The Sitakund l\Iadrassa bad 43 pupils in February when the Muhammadan Inspector visited it. The Hussamia Madrassa at Comilla is liberally supported by the local zamindar, Chaudri Hussam Hyder. On the 31st llfarch last there

Q

liURAliMADL'f

EDU0.4TIO:f,

MUIL\!UfADAN

BDUCATIONo


were·l08 pupils on its rolls~ The Assistant ~nspector vis~ted it in Septe!Uber last and expresses himsel£ thoroughly ~at!~fied with 1ts manageme~t and efficiency. Its succes~ in the central exammatwn has already been mentwned.

There are two madrassas at Noakhali, the Madrassa-i-lslamia and the Madrassa-i-Saberia. The former, which is supported by Chaudhuri Muzaffar Husain teaches Arabic and Persian up to the 6th standard of the high madras~as, and Bengali up to the lower primary standard. The lattE'r teaches only the classical languages of the Muhammadans.

In Bihar the Sasaram Khanakha Madrassa had 50 pupils on its rolls, ~gainst 70 in the preceding ;y,ear. Its success at the central examination has been already mentioned. !'he Guzri l\ladrassa at Patna teaches Arabic, Persian, and Urdu, besides the Koran. A little English is taught at the option of the boys. . .

At Dinapore a new ma~rassa, calle~ the ~fadrassa-~·lslam1ah, has spru,ng up, professing to .teach Arab1c and P~rsmn w1th the ntual .of Islam. ~he Madrassa-i-Ahmadm at Arrah has rev1ved. It teaches Arabic and Pers1an, and in the lower classes Hindi, but it does not conform to any departmental standard. The l\1 adrassa I mania at 1\fuzaffarpur teaches Arabic and Persian, literature, in addition to philosophy and mathematics. It is maintained bl the heirs of the late Muhammad 'l'aki Khan Bahadur. The number of pup1ls on the 31st March was 41, and the .number of teachers 3. '!'here is also in 1\fuzaffarpur the Madrassa Khadimul Ulum, which teaches the same subjects. It is supported by the Muhammadan community. It ba4 on the 31st of March 54 pupils and 3 teachers.

In the Bhagalpur Division the Dilalpur Madrassa had 37 pupils on its rolls, ao-ainst 56 in the previous year. All the pupils were Muhammadans, and 13 ol'them were girls. 'l'he pupils are taught and boarded gratis, and the school is entirely supported by private contributions. The pupils are taught theology only, and are said to be mostly Wahabis. The BMgalpur Madrassa has an Arabic Department attached to it, but it is principally a high English school. It had 371 pupils on its rolls.

At Purulia in Manbhum there is the only regularly organised school for Muhammadans in the whole of the Chota Nagpur Division. Even this institution is divided into two departments, (l) the madrassa proper, and (2) the attached upper primary department. The former section, attended ouly by Muhammadans, had 19 pupils on its rolls. The course of instruction was not in accordance with any departmental standard. 'l'he attached upper primary department contained pupils of all denominations.

Of the middle schools in the Orissa Division, three iu Cuttack (viz., Tendakora, Krishnanandpur and Kanpur) and two in Balasore (viz., the Beadon Madrassa and Dhamnagar) and one in Puri (viz., Rasalpur) are solely or chiefly intended for Muhammadan pupils. There are seven upper primary schools for the special benefit of Muhammadan pupils. Five are in Balasore and two in Puri.

The Balasore District Board has also established two stipendiary maktabs at Dhamnagar and Jallesvar, two of the most populous Muhammadan villages in the district, thus carrying out a suggestion made by Sir Alfred Croft in his last report. .

220. On the Assistant Inspector of Muhammadan Education Dacca, representing to Sir Alfred Croft that J.l.fuhammadan boys, who at first go through a course of religious instruction, generally join schools later than Hindu boys, the latter issued a circular to the effect that the rule forbidding the admission of a boy above the age of 14 to any class in a zilla school below the 4th should be relaxed in the case of Muhammadan candidates. It was considered more advantageous that Muhammadan boys exceeding 14 years of age should come to school, even if the discipline of the school suffered slightly thereby, than that they should be kept away.

221. The ~ssistant Insp~ctor of Muhammadan Education, Dacca, insists upon the necess1ty .of providing more Muhammadan teachers in primary sc~o?Is, but the Assistant Inspe~tor of Schools, Chittagong, states it as his opmwn that ~uhammadan pup1ls prefer Hindu gurus. 'rhis is supported by t~e .autho~·1ty of Mr. C. B. Cla~lte •.. But there s.e~ms to be something like unamm1ty w1th regard to the desuab1hty of proV1d1ng teachers of Urdu in

OF PUDUC INSTRUCTION. 115

middle schools where possible. There can be no doubt that well-to-do Muham· n.adans attach great importance to the study of Urdu and Persian, and they will never take heartily to the departmental. system if these languages are neglected.

222. The Assistant Inspector of Muhammadan Education, Bihar Circle, is of opinion that high education is progressing in such a satisfactory way among the Muhammadans that it is no longer necessary, except in isolated cases, to afford them special facilities in the shape of short-fee payments from the Mohsin Fund. Dr. lllartin says that he cannot support this proposal, for the present at least. A preferable way of relieving the pressure on the Mohsiu Fund would seem to be that proposed by Sir Alfred Croft, the payment out of the general revenues of schools of those Maul vis who are now paid out of the Mohsin Fund.

X.-EDUCATION OF ABORIGINAL AND BACKWARD RACES.

223. The total aboriginal population of Bengal, according to the census of 1881,"' was 2,552,293, of whom 1,087,202 are returned as Sonthals, 871,666 as Kols, 469,622 as other western aborigines, 88,399 as eastern aborigines, and 35,404 as "unspecified." While Sonthals and Kols form the two principal divisions of the Kolarian family, the term "other western aborigines 11 includes all the non-Aryan tribes whose homes are in Western Bengal, in the Orissa und Chota Nagpur Divisions, and in the Feudatory States attached to thorn. The Dhangars, U raons, Pathaliks, and Paharias come under the class "other western aborigines." Under the heading of .eastern aborigines are returned the Indo· Tibetan, Indo-Chinese, and Indo-Burmese, who occupy the slopes of the Eastern Himalayas and the mountain s~stem which forms the eastern and the southeastern boundary of Bengal. 'I he eastern aborigines include the Garo, the Khasi, the 1\ianipuri, Kuki, and the Naga tribes of the northern frontier; the Mech and Assamese tribes of the Assam valley; and the Tippera, Reung, Chakma, and Lushai tribes of the Chittagong and Tippera hills.

The Sonthals inhabit principall;r the Sonthal Parganas, l\Ianbhum, Baukura, llfidnapore, Hazaribagh, Smghbhum, BMgalpur, and Birbhum. Besides the Sonthals, the Paharias, Dhangars, and the Kols inhabit the Sonthal Parganas. Amongst the aboriginal tribes that are found in the four districts of Chota Nagpur, the principal are, besides the Sonthuls, 1 I) the Hos, inclusive of the l\iundas, and (2) the Uraons. The Hos, or Lurka KolA, are found in Singhbhum only, and the l\Iundas or Munda Kols and the Uraons in Lohardaga. There is great affinity between the Kolurian dialects used by the Hos, the l\Iundas, and the Sonth'als. On tho other hand, the Uraons are an entirely distinct people, whose language belongs to the Dravidian family like that of the Dhangars and the Paharias of Rajmahal. In addition to the aboriginal tribes in Chota Nagpur mentioned above, the Khararins, Bhunyas, and Gunjas are found in Lohardaga, and the Taruarias and Bhunyjas in Singhbhum.

224. The following statement shows the distribution of pupils of nbori· ginal and other backward races in each division:-

-CaRED ov Purn.a

NtrWJBB. OP PUPIL! A'l"l'BN'DING DIJRD.ENr OL.lBSBB OJ.I' ScnOOI& OP ADoJUOil'f . .U, .l!fD

OtlllW. DACKW"-UD IL.i.CBI.

DIVISION.

Hi<h I Middle I ~~~~~ I Up~r I I Spoolol Obrl•U.,..I N~~:;!:"'" ~ower Girl•'• n.nd Totnl. English, English. cular. prim11ry. prtmu.ry. privo.to.

~residency ... ... ... 1 s 10 01 1 "i •• • 70 o.lcuttn. ... ... . .. • i"S 1 • "" .. "' ., 13

Burdwon ... ... . .. • • 0 ,,. s,ai 10 ISO 3,0:!11 '" J.~

Ro.jsho.hl .. 1 Ill .,. s 10 Si3 179 "'' ... ... . .. 1 20 '4 10 . , 08 "" .. 610 Vacca. ... ... ... .. . ''i Chittngong ... ... .. 28 ... " 3!7 "" &>0 '9 "'" Pntnn. ... ... • !\i S7t

, .. 4'io 121 3118

~·· Blu\Kfl~nr ::: .. i"i f,oog lOS l'.i,lU~ ''" "·""'' ... ... lOll 477 U13 1,270 11,713 ••• IUS 17,11. .... 2,!i.>'J H.~:t6 CbotiL n.gpur ... ...

27 30 • 201 • 2t;'7 GO '" OriSMl. ,., tOO Orissu. 'l'rlbutary !iii.Mis"' 'ii "" 18 108 1,270 0 1,an ... l,U·U ---- -,_,.T .. ow ---------------Total ... 228 ... 24,3-... 1,~ 73i 20,6:i7 ..... 2G,ft.."lii

~.~7

.. " " . ·INin Excludmg SIX students of tho n.borunnal cln.<~'l, n\1 Chrl!lho.n!l •tt<>ndlng ,colll'ln'S for g _neml. nn f'N':Ul. ration (four in Prot

Church Iu11titntion and Vuft Col!ego, ono in lli.!!hop s Colkgo, and ono lD llcdic"l Collcgo).

• The figures for these races for 18Dl oro not yet available.

liUH.ulllADA.."{

EDUCATIO:f,

BDUOATION OJ-'

ADOIUGINAL AND

DA.CK'fi'ARD 1\,\CRS,


The number of pupils of aboriginal races under tuition decreased slightly .:~~~::::::0 -viz., from 29,757 to 29,6571 or by 100. The Christians diminiH.h~d by 121:

••c&w•no ucES. but the non·Christians increased by 21. 'l'he number of aborigmal pupils attending middle English schools remained almost stationary. There was a slight decrease under the head of spe~ial and p~ivate schools. The largest falling off viz. of 310 pupils, took place m the girls' schools. There was some ad~ance in the other classes of schools.

225. Presidenc!J Division.-The total number of pupils under this head fell off from 93 to 82. As in the previous year, no such pupils have been returned from Nadia. In Jessore their number increased from 3 to 4, and in the 24-Parganas and Murshidabad they diminished by 8 and 5 pupils, respectively while from Khulna one aboriginal Christian was returned this year. Two. non-Christian pupils have been newly ~etur!led fro:n M_urshi~ab~d reading in m1ddle vernacular schools, and one Clmstian g~rl readmg m a girls school.

226. Oalcutta.-Eighty-one Christians, 13 non-Christians, and 45 "Others" have been returned as belonging to the aboriginal and backward races. It is stated that there is something offensive in the word 'abori[J'inal' itdel£, and it is for this reason that advanced pupils do not like to be classified as such. Such an assumption alone can account for the sudden falling off from 180 in the previous year to only 81 aboriginal Christians during the year under report. The decline from 147 to 45 'Others' is explained by the exclusion of the Brahmas, 250 of whom have been, for the first time, returned under a separate head. Some path•alas under missionary management, and one at Kulibazar, Kidderpore, are kept almost exclusively for the education of mehtera and kulis, who represent the genuine aboriginal section of the Calcutta community.

227. Burdwan Division.-Sonthals are almost the only aborigines in this division. They live in the wild parts of Midnapore, Bankura, and Birbhum. In Burdwan, Raniganj is the only subdivision where t.hey appear, coming from the neighbouring districts of the Sunthal Parganas and Manbhum to work in the mines of the district, in the iron works at Barakar, and in the pottery works at Raniganj. In Hooghly and Howrah they occasionally come in quest of employment, and disappPar when the working season is over, In places where there are Christian missionaries; some few among them have been converted to the Christian faith, and have settled near towns where there are schools.

The training school at Bhimpur in the .Midnapore district under the. American llaptist Mission is the only school in that district intended for the education of the aborigines. The ,number of primary schools attached to the training school was 42, as in the previous year. I,n Bankura, besides the gran t-in-aid training school for Sonthuls, there were 40 schools for aboriginal pupils, one of which was aided from the Circle Fund and the rest from the District Fund. In Birbhum there wore 14 Sonthal lower primary schools, of which 12 were stipendiary. In the beginning of 1890, a special grant of Rs. 800 per annum was sanctioned for the education of the miners' children in the Barakar and Raniganj coal districts in Burdwan. The administration of this grant, which was in the hands of . the Burd wan District Board, has been transferred to the District llf.agistrate during the year. On the 31st March last there were 8 miners' schools w1th a monthly stipend of Rs. 8 each, attended by 127 aboriginal ~upils, against 6 schools with 90 pupils in the previous year, Schools for miners children are mostly in the elementary stage: reading, writing and arithmetic are the subjects taught.

228. Rafshahi Divisz'on.-In the Rajshahi Division the total number of aboriginal pupils has risen from 325 to 373. The two aborigines in a middle English and. an. up~er pyimary school in Bogra were a Sonthal and a Banua. In the Da~Jeelmg rera1 there were 14 Kols at a newly-opened night school on the Kmhnapur tea estate. There is one Sonthal at the Champasuri pathsala reading for the. lower primary examination. The largest number of aborigines are to be !ound m the Darjeeling Hills. There were 22 in the high English schools, 57 m _upper primary schools, 185 in lower primary schools, 3 in girls' schools, and 1 m a private school. In Dinajpur the majority of the aboriginal pupils are S?nthal~. The Deputy Inspector writes:-" A primary school for the aborig!nal tnbes has been very latel:y opened at l'tiangalbari, with a teacher who is himself an aboriginal (a Sonthal), and has passed the Ullper primary examination."


In Jalpaiguri the boys returned as aboriginals from the upper primary schools BDucuJoN or are l'tlechs. In the lower primary schools 31 are Christian aborigines, but their ~ooruamu AND

nationality cannot be traced. Of the 26 non-Christians, 1 is a Dhangar, 5 are DAcKwAI\D RAcES

1\Iechs, 1 a Garo, 8 Lepchas, and 11 Bhutias. In Rajshahi there was only one abori~inal pupil, viz., a Banua.

229. Dacca Dzvuron.-In the Dacca Division all the 1 aboriginal pupils returned from the Dacca district were 1\Ianipuris reading in the Tezgao Upper Primary School. In Faridpur all the 15 aboriginal pupils were Banuas. The only one of these reading in a high school is a Christian convert. From Backergunge 4 of the aboriginal pupils have been returned as belonging to the l\Iagh race. In llfymensingh there were 513 pupils belonging to aboriginal races at school on the 31st 1\larch last, against 464 in the preceding year. These ~boriginal pupils belong to the Garo, Koclt Madllari, Ra;hansi, and other races dwelling in, or at the foot of, the Garo Hills. Of these 513 pupils, 4:i9 were boys and U girls, and 16 of them were Christian converts. Ele\·en of these pupils read in middle English, 2 in middle ver11acular schools, 10 boys and 4 girls in upper primary schools, and 416 boys and 70 girls in lower primary schools. In connection with the education of girls belonging to aboriginal races in Mymensingh, the Deputy Inspector writes that '' it is worthy of note that there are two girls' schools in thana Durgapur, which are attended only by the girls of the aboriginal races, taught by two female teachers belonging to that race."

230. Cllittagong Divi3ion.-In the Chittagong Division the aboriginal pupils in the Chittagong district are mostly Barua lllaghs, and a few Burmese, called Arakani Maghs. The Harua .Maghs should, according to the Assistant Inspec· tor's opinion, no longer he classed as aborigines. He remarks that " they have all the ways and manners of civilised people." The Barua and Arakani Maghs ~re Buddhists. There are two sch~ols in the Chittagong district specially mtended for the Barua 1\Iaghs-the m1ddle vernacular Board schools at Pahartali and Satbaria. 'l'hey have 115 Barna l\Iaghs atending them. There are a middle English and a lower primary school at Cox's Bazar specially for the J3urmese. 'fhe former has 2f Hurruese pupils on its rolls and the latter 61. A special school for Burmese girls also exists at the. same station. It. has 36 Burmese girls under instruction under the management of a Burmese lady, This school receives aid from the Cox's Bazar Municipality.

All the schools in the Chittagon~ Hill Tracts are for aboriginal pupils. The Rangamati Government High English School had 85 pupils, of whom 58 belonged to the backward races, 25 being Chakmas, 21 Jumia 1\Iaghs, 8 Tipras, 3 Gurkhas, and 1 a Kuki. The Bandarban Government Middle English School had 18 Maghs. The aided upper primary school at Chandrakona had 11 l\laghs and 7 Barnas, and that at Demagiri had 38 pupils, Maghs, Chakmas, and Tipras. The decrease in the Rangamati High English School was due to the transfer of the Gurkha sepoys from Rangamati to the Frontier owing to the Lushai disturbances.

The 'l'ipras are the only aborigines in the district of Tippera. They congregate near the town of Comilla and in villages bordering on Hill Tippera. The Tipra pupils in middle English schools are those at Mogra. They belong to the family of the "Senapati," the old Commander-in-Chief of the Tippera Raj. The Tipra boys in primary schools have increased by 75 and the girls by 17.

231. Patna Division.-In the Patna Division the number of aboriginal pupils was 3081 of whom 306 were Tharus. The number of Tbaru patsbalas increased by 6.

232. Bluigalpur Divi:<ion -In the BMgalpur Division the number of pupils of aboriginal races has undergone a decline during the last two years. 'l'his decrease has been shared more or less by all the districts. In the Sonthul Parganas their number declined from 5,121 to 4,599. '!'he decrease was shared by all classes of schools except the high English, where there was an advance in the number. Of the 4,599 aboriginal pupils at school,· 145 were Paharias, 55 Dhangars, and the rest Sonthals.

In Hhagalpur the number of aboriginal pupils declin~d from 64 to 56, in Monghyr from 578 to 299, in Purnea from 60 to 10, and m Mulda from 168 to 154. The aborigines of l\lalda are Sonthals, of whom there is a small colony in the district.

EDUCATION OP

ABORIODiAL AND

DAOKW ARD llAOBB,


233. Okota Nagpur Division.-The Chota Nagpur Division has, as usual, returned the largest number of pupils of aboriginal races, who have increased from 17,166 to 17,684, or by 518. The Christians have increa~ed by 154 and the non-Christians by 364. Under the latter head there was an mcrease of 127 Sonthal and of 549 Uraon pupils, the Hos (including th~ Mundas).and "other aboriginal tribes" showing a loss of 108 and 204 puptls respecttvely. 'l'he increase in the number of Christians is shared, more or less, by all districts except !Iazaribag~, which ~as returned ~3 fewer Christian P?Pils •. The Sonthal pupils mcreased m Hazartbagh and Smghbhuru, but dechned m Manbhuru. The increase in U raon pupils took place in Lohardaga and Haz:l:ribagh. 'l'he loss of Mundas occurred in Hazaribagh and Lohardaga.

234. Thex:e were, at the end of the year under review, 14 elementary schools, attended by 800 pupils, for the children of the labourers working in the coal mines at and about Karharbari in the Giridih subdivision of the Hazaribagh district. Of these schools, 10 were for boys, 2 for girls, and 2 were night-schools for adults. Of the 800 pupils, 682 were male and 118 female children. Olassified according to caste and creed, 428 called them· selves Hindus, 296 Muhammadans, and 76 aborigines. From these schools, 29 pupils competed at the last lower primary schol!lrship examination, of wh?m 21 were successful. Two o:l: the successful puptls, v1z., 1 boy and 1 gul, obtained scholarships. In the preceding year the number of these schools was 13 and that of the pupils attending them 722.

The total expenditure on these schools was Rs. 1,750 during the year, of which Rs. 1,083 were paid from the primary allotment of the district and Rs. 667 from private sources. An inspecting pandit was appointed for these schools on Rs. 12 a month, half of which is paid from the district primary fund and the remaining half by the East Indian Railway Company, which contributes Rs. 30'0 for these schools.

235. In the statement given below are compared the results of the educa: tional work of the several missions in the Chota Nagpur Division for the last two years:-

ScnootS. Pt7PI.LS. EXPBNDil'UB:S.

1800-91. 1891-92. 1890-91. 1891-92.

D:BSIONATION OP MIS&ION, ~ '8 ""

.,; ~ ~ .a ~ .a

I ; I " ~ g

" .!l 3 ~ " 3 0

] _,

~ .. 'i: ~ ~ :~ .'! ~ iS ~ 0 & 0

~ '-' "' "' .. :<! .. Ra. Ra. Ra. Rs. Rs. Ra.

Berlin Evangelical ... ~~ 48 llll lll.O 1,121 1,189 279 1,408 3,116 11,093 16,109 S,ISUl 11,897 11S,S9S

S, P, G. (Anglican) ... 42 47 1,010 ... 1,255 1,361 222 l,ISSS 2,U81S 7,000 9,0-15 9,010 6,810 0,181

Free Church (Scotch) ... .. 47 SIO 149 008 867 81 1»8 3,078 4,041 7,119 3,074 4,70tJ 7,870

St. hvler"s ... ... 0 4 181 , .. soo 142 68 , .. 290 414 7M 2-1:1 '·""' t,sn.a

- - -- - ---- - -------------Total ... 120 "" 2,\l&l 729 S,GSO S,!i59 68, .J,19t 0,069 23,508 32,577 9,434 24,558 33,993

Th~ schools. under the several missions increased from 120 to 146, and the pup1ls attendmg them from 3,680 to 4,1941 or by 514. The boys increased ~y 608, but the girls decreased by 94. The total expenditure on these schools mcreased from Rs. 32,577 toRs. 33,993, or by Rs. 1 416. The expenditure from the Provincial revenues increased from Rs. 9106.9 to Rs. 9 435 chiefly in connection with the German Mission. ' '

236. Orissa Div1~ion.-In the Orissa Division there was a marked increase in Balasor.e in the number of aboriginal pupils, viz., from 40 to 241, owing to the. estabhshment of Sonthal schools in the Fatiabad pargana of that districtj whiCh borders closely upon Maurbhanj.

237. Orissa Tribtftary Mahals.-In.t~e Orissa Tributary Mahals the aggregate number of the children of the abongmal races borne on the school-rolls is returned at 1,641, showing an increase of 37 pupils in all. The majority of the students belonged to the Puran, Kond, Gond Sonthal Bhunyas Bathuri

dK . s "1 ' ' ' ' an urm1 races. pec1a schools for the education of Sonthals, Bhunyas, and


Kond pupils bad for many years past been in existence in Maurbhunj, Keonjhar, and Khondmals respectivtlly. Keonjhar has, however, lost all those schools during the late disturbances in that State, and no efforts have been made up to date to restore them. Of all the States, however, Maurbbunj .is the one which has of late succeeded in bringing the largest number of aboriginal children under the salutary influences of education. The Bahalda Middle English School in the Bamanghati subdivision of that State, notwithstanding the fact that it was. started only a few months ago, has succeeded in counting 38 aboriginal pupils on its rolls. . · 238. The following table compares the number of aboriginal pupils who passed the Entrance and the departmental examinations during the last two years:- •

1890·91. II II

1891-9.'! •

sen St. . e- "" ~*' a.:. :a :a :rrii =" "' :a :lo;! .... ~

~ .. ~~ " ~

,; " " " " ,; "" ~ :;

" " - " ..g .,.:;; .,.:;; 0 '0 .s :a~ ;;;; - 0 0

"' -5 - """" "' -5 DIVISION. .. ·~., ·~., " " ~·a rn ]·a 1'Ei~ " " .9 ~·a " " ~ " ·~ t'· t'· a :;ao ~ .!! a . .!! a g " t>· t'· " " " " " ]~~ - 0

ll 0 0 " _gJI ... ~ ·il a.s ~ oo-" .. § "§ ...= ... o " " " ;l J:: g ~~f;l 6:.:::: S·~ """ 0 ~ " . " '1: ~ '5:: 1;; " " "" .$.~1 " """

.. ., .. ·.: " " .!.~ ~ """ "-.9 " .... s "-.9

I " .. ·a " 00~ ~.2-E .!l

.. s 3 " ::Q ·.::: ...= .. s :; a _, ..,- .... ..,_., " " " "

I

.. ::g~~ ~" "" .. " "' " " "'" s~ - """~ I< " !! " .... ~ ..... ..... = = 5" 0 " .... =:.::l . .... = = .,.. .. _sll l"l ::::;;· .... - :.1 ·~ "" f"' :a·~ ::>!'- p" ~

Presidency ... ... ... ... 1 ... 1 ... .. . ... ... ... .. . Calcutta ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . .. .. . ... ... .. . Burdwnn ... ... ... 4 4 18 26 .. . 1 ... 7 11 19

Rajshahi ... ... ... ... . .. 1 1 .. . ... . .. ... ... .. . Dacca ... ... . .. . .. ... s s .. . ... . .. . .. 1 1

Chitta gong ... ... ... ... 1 4 6 . .. . .. .. . ... ... .. . Patna ... ... ... ... ... 1 1 . .. ... ... ... 1 1

l)h!lgalpur •.•• ... ... 12 26 106 144 ... 1 5 17 111 13~

Chota N agpur ... 1 6 I 1 197 205 2 21 5 27 181 286

Orissa ... ... . .. ... ... .. . ... .. . ... . .. .. . ... ... Orissa Tribu· ... ... 1 1 6 8 ... ... ... .. . 8 8

tary M ahals.

--·-- - -Total ... 1 5 18 34 336 894 2 23 10 51 313 899

'l'he total number o£ passes at each of the examinations exceeds that in the previous year, except at the middle scholarship examination from middle vernacular schools and the lower primary scholarship examination, in which there has been some falling off.

From the Chota Nagpur Division two aboriginal pupils passed the Entrance examination (against on A in the year before), viz., one Christian from the Ranchi and one non-Christian Tamaria from the Chaibassa Zillah School.

As noticed in the last report, two special junior scholarships, confined to aboriginal pupils who pass the Entrance examination, have been sanctioned by Government, of which one was obtained by a Christian boy who passed from the Ranchi Zillah School.

'}'he results of the other examinations also of the pupils of abori,.inal descent in the Chota Nagpur Division, compare very favourably with tho~ of the preceding year.

In the l:IMg~lpu~ Division the results. of the middle and upper pr!mary scholarship exam!nat.IOns show some dechne, but those of the lower prnuary scholarship exammatton some advance.

BDUCATIO:rf OF

ADORIOINAL AND

BACKWARD RACES.

INDIOBNOUS

IDUCATIOlf,


XI.-INDIGENOUS EDUCATION.

239. The subjoined statement gives the statistics of indigenous schools in e!fch division :-

ADVANCED, I ELBKHNTARY. OrnBa Scrroc.La. Tooohlng tho TOl'AX.

I I Koran.

Por boy a, I For girls. Arabia or Sa.nskrit, For boys, For girls. DIVIBIOlfo .PeraiBn.

~ " 11 ~ 11 I ,; .!!

I • jj I i li I ~ • I

. ~ ~ • 0 8 8 :a 8 i. .. 0 'il. :s_ 'll ... ...

~ 'll ~ 0 0 0 ~ u 0 ,JI "' "' .. "' .. "' "'

Pretldflncy ... " S>S 119 ... 8 .. s 20 ]0•1 247 ... ... ... .. . •• 1,241 ... a •s lOU S,OM ... ... .. . 106 SOS'I Calcutta ... ... '4t "4no 100 1,4.'\S 'On '4oo i'O lis •• O:lO • ·oo ... ... sus 3.070 Hurdwnn ... ... '" 1,202 27 108 80 781 01 788 1124 11,0011 Rnj&hahi ... ...

100 2,492 410 3,550 727 '-un 2'7 iiit s.s.n S5,nm 'ls 201 iii 283 8,0~9 46,G29 Dace• ... 2,423 112 1,~61 206 2,391 "" 807 1,865 27,760 18 311 3 Ol 1,322 ....... Chitt"gong ... ... ..

1,6S7 12,199 s 10 174 1,7fl8 101 1,4:: 1 20 3,187 2D,d8i 406 8,2113 "" 8,9l'i9 Pntnn. "' ... 310 S,ll?.IS 147 l,SM "" 4,140 1 • 61 480 6 • 177 1,221 9.3.~ Bh61{n.wur ... ...

~·· • , . 121 1,189 Chutn. ogpur .. GIS 9 "" .. ... ... ... 'Ot . .. . .. ... 770 OS ... ... fi,7Q7 ... ... I 10 • ... .. . 1,087 7,137 Ori1~a

Tributni-Y 01

Orl<~sa G ,. 116 721 ... 1 20 10 43 ... 1M 800 .Uu.hi\ls ... ... ... ... ...

1-ij;i Total 1.29. 10,7~5 '·""' 18,117 ..... 31,003 84 'Ml81fi,969 70,300 208 11,260 036 13,8U8 lSO,Mit ...

• Four beln~ sirla' aohoola attended by 86 MubtumnBdnn RlriRJ.

. Indigenous education, which received a check in the previous year, show~ a great advance during the year under report. The total number of institutions under this head increased from 13,387 to 13,868, and the pupils attending them from 132 057 to 139,594. This increase was shared by all classes of schools except' ~lementary' and ' other' schools for boys. As stated in previous reports' the disappearance of an indigenous school of any class from the departmental1returns is no proof of its extinction.

240. In December 18871 instructions were issued for carefully enquiring into the existence _of elementary path~alas and maktabs. It is evident, however that in spite of the exertions of the inspecting officers, the statistics of thes~ schools are collected with some difficulty, as the teachers have nothing to gain by supplying them. The Inspector of the Presidency Circle reports that the indigenous schools are not likely to be correctly returned by the inspecting officers. In the Rajshahi Division, the Deputy Inspector of Schools, Pabna, echoes the recommendation of Mr. Bellett, made in previous years, that the teachers of the indigenous schools who submit returns should be paid annual rewards in small sums. Regarding the increase in the number of advanced schools teaching Persian in the district of Bogra, the Deputy Inspector says that when the contents of the circular mentioned in the last report about encouraging this class of schools were made known, the· returns were easily furnished by the teachers. Dr. Martin considers it possible that the total gain in indigenous schools of all kindR in the Bihar Circle is more of a gain on paper than a real gain, since these schools supply information at their option only.

241. The advanced schools for teaching Arabic or Persian increased by 148 and their pupils by 1 ,512. 'rhe constitution of these institutions has been discussed at length in previous reports, and the Muhammadan Assistant Inspectors have thrown no new light on them, In the Burdwan Division a great many of these institutions are said to be maktabs teaching a little Persian in addition to the Koran. The most important of the advanced Arabic or Persian schools in that division are the madrassas at Bohar and Kusumgram, both in the district of Burdwan. They are both endowed institutions. The madrassa attached to the Burdwan Raj College is maintained from the Devottar Fund of the Raj estate.

242. San~kl'it tols.-The Sanskrit tols increased by 40 and the pupils attending them by 1,260.

Mahamahopadhyaya Mahes Chandra Nyayaratna, c.I.E., Principal of the Sanskrit College, Calcutta, was deputed under the orders of Government on a tour of inspection of Sanskrit tots in Bengal. The exhaustive and interesting report communicating the results of his inspection was reviewed in Hesolution No. 857, dated the 21st March 1892, and the thanks of Government were conveyed to the Pandit. It is needless to recapitulate the various points


discussed in the Pandit's report. I may only mention here the specific pro- ""'o•Nous

posals made by him for the revival of Sanskrit study in the indigenous tols, •nocATioN.

which may be classified as follows:-(1) A provision for large salaries .or stipends (non-pensionable) to the

teachers of a few selected tols or other institutions for the study of Sanskrit. (2) A system of rewards in the form of small t?tipends to be awarded

.annually to teachers and I_>Upils on the results of periodical examinations; the stipends to teachers bemg tenable for one year and those to pupils for two years, a term which may be extended to three years in the case of Nyaya students. ;

.As regards financial provision for carrying out the proposals, the Government of Bengal directed that in addition to the allowance of Rs. 200 a month now paid to tol students at Nadia, the following arrangements shall be made:- ·

(a) Five stipends to tols, costing Rs. 3,360, will be awarded during the year 1892-93, the cost being met from savings in the education budget for that year.

(b) During the year 1892-93, on the result of examinations conducted by the recognised associations, the whole of the rewards to teachers and onehalf of the rewards to pupils will be awarded, i.e., Rs. 7,320 plus half of Rs. 4,920, or Rs. 9,780. This sum will have to be paid in the year 1893-94, so that in that year there will.be required Rs. 3,360 pl11s Us. 9,7801 or Rs. 13,140.

(c) In 1893-94 examinations will again be held by the associations for rewards to teachers and for the remaining half of the rewards to pupils, and in 1894-95-

A provision will have to be made for And the rest of the rewards to pupils

Total

Rs. 13,140 2,460

15,600

(d) Provision should be made in due course in the education budgets of the years 1893-94 and 1894-95 for the additional sums of Rs. 13,140 and Rs. 15,600, that is, for a total expenditure· of Rs. 18,000 in the latter year.

243. . In the resolution cited above, the Bengal Government has invited the co-operation and support of the wealthy nobility and gentry in Bengal in the furtherance of the study of Sanskrit, which the Government is anxious to encourage by the means above described, as well as by supporting the Sanskrit College in Calcutta. There is every reason to hope that the people will promptly respond to this call for help in a cause for which they have already done so much. 'l'be most important tol8 in the country. owe their existence to private liberality. The Mulajor Sanskrit College is maintained out of the interest of a. lakh of rupees given by the late Babu Prasanna Kumar Tagore, c.I.E., of Calcutta; the tol8 of Navadwip are in receipt of private contributions for distribution to the pupils, besides Hs. 200 a month from Government. The Victoria. Jubilee tol is maintained by Srimati .Annakali Devi of Kasimbazar. The Raj tol in Burd wan; the tola of Purbasthali and Triveni; the Biswanath Chatushpathi at Chinsura; the Sanskrit school at Tikari in Gaya; the Balarampur Maharaja's Sanskrit school at Puri; and the Nayaghur, Angul and a few other tola in the Orissa Tributary Mahala are all maintained by private contributions.

In the Presidency Division the Naihati Municipality aids some of the fols of Bhatpara. In the Burdwan Division some of the municipalities of Hooghly and Howrah afford similar help. In the district of Midnapore, the zamind~r of Pachit"'ur in the Government estate of Pataspur bas opened a. new Sansknt tot in whi~h over and above the ordinary curriculum of Sanskrit studies prevalent in such s~hools, the Bengali language and arithmetic (both European and native) ~~~ .

In the Rajshahi Division one Sanskrit tol in the town of Pabna, where the pupils are said to be prep!lring for the Title examination, receives Rs. 10 a month from the District Board and Rs. 5 from the Municipality. In the Chittagong Division a new fol has been opened at Noakhalil ·

In the Orissa. Tributary Maluils the Baramba and IIindol tols arc now institutions.

R

INDIGENOUS EDUCATION.


244. The Sanskrit Title examination was held in February simultaneously at Calcutta, Outtack, Bankipore, Dacca, Barisal, and Puri: Examination c~ntres were sanctioned also for Darbhanga and Rampur Boaha, but no candtdates presented- themselves at those centrE\S. The number of candidat~s was .131, against 119 in the preceding year. Of these 112 were Bengah?, 8 Urxyas, 10 Biharis, and 1 a _L>anjabi. As in previous years, the candtdates were Brahmans for the most part, with 2 Vaidyas, 2 Kayasthas, and 1 Baishnav. One hundred and twenty-four candidates actually presented themselves for examination, of whom 46 passed, against 63 in the year before. There were 97 candidates for examination in Sanskrit literature, 2 .in grammar, 1 in the Puranas, 15 in modern and 1 in ancient Hindu law, 4 in' Hindu logic, 2 in ancient Nyaya, 1 in Vedanta, and 1 in Sankhya. The total cost of the examination was Rs. 1,973, of which Government contributed Rs. 1,700 as before, and the balance was raised from fees paid by the candidates. The Government rewards to pandits and pupils amounted to Rs. 1,450.

'rhere are, besides, some local agencies that hold examinations and confer titles on successful candidates. The most important are-(1) the Vidagdhajanani Sabha in Navadwip, (2) the Dharma Sabha of Rampur Boalia, (3) the Sarasvat Sama:j of Dacca, ( 4) the Bihar San,skrit Sanjivana, the last two getting Rs. 500 each annually from Government .. 'l'hese two grants ·will, however, be discontinued from the current year when the orders of Government on the recommendations of the Principal of the Sanskrit College have come into force.

245. Elementa1·y Schools.-The elementary schools for boys fell off by 355, but those for girls increased by 20. In the Burdwan· Division, the decrease in the number of elementary schools, which are said to be mostly lower primaries, is ascribed to the disappearance of some, the non-return of a few, and the transfer of others to the recognised primary class. The same is reported to have been the case in the Chittagong Division. Elementary schools, however, increased in the Rajshahi Division, on account of several primary schools having been excluded from the reward examinations for non-fulfilment of the conditions of the rules. The Deputy Inspector of Rangpur remarks that with the general advancement of a district, elementary schools must decline in proportion as they adopt the departmental standards and gain in attendance. In the Orissa Tributary Mahala, the elementary schools do not conform to the departmental standards of instruction •. Printed primers have not yet found their way to them.

246. Koran schools.-These schools increased by 684 and their pupils by 8,143. The constitution of these schools has been already described in previous reports. In Calcutta, some of the Koran schools are kept by female Muhammadan teachers, whom the prospect of a small fee has, for the first time, induced to furnish retm.:ns to the Department. In the Chittagong Division, Koran schools decrea~ed by 77. Many of them adopted the departmental standards and were transfened to the primary class. 'rhe Koran schools in Chota Nagpur are few in number, and have shown but little fluctuation during the last two" years.

247. "Other schools" for boys declined from 322 to 208, but those for girls advanced from 18 to 76. In the Chittagong Division, the "other schools" for boys are the Kyoungs, except one at Noakhali, a Christian Sunday school, where elementary instruction in Bengali is imparted in addition to .English. Of the three "other schools" for girls returned from Chittagong, one is the Burmese girls' school at Cox's Bazar, wrongly returned as a private institution, al!d the other two should have been classed as elementary private schools for gtrls. .

248. Kyoungs.-These Buddhist monastic schools Lnve declined from 23 to 16 in Chittagong, and from 4 to 1 in the Hill Tracts. The Chittagong District Boar_d. have aboli.shed t~e post of K:roul!g examiner, without making any :provlSion for the mspectwn ·and exammahon of the Kyoungs, but the matter 1s under the consideration of the Divisional Commissioner. In the Chittagong Hill 'I'racts there was no Sub-Inspector towards the latter part of the year, and only _one Kyoung with two pupils was 1·eturned.

ln the Orissa J.)ivision, of the 5 ·schools classed as "other schools," two are Telugu institutions. In the Orissa Tributary 1\Iahals, the ''other schools" are attended exclusively by the children of the Raj families.

OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION,

. XII.-PREPARATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF TEXT-BOOKS AND OTHER SCHOOL LITERATURE.

123

249. As stated in previous reports, the preparation of school-books in Bengal Proper having for the past four decades been left almost entirely to private enterprise, the chief duty of the Education Department has been to make its selection out of the very large number of publications offered for its acceptance. This duty has since 1875 been entrusted to the Central TextBook Committee, which now consists of 17 members, with Babu Bhudeb Mookerjea, c.I.E., as President. It is composed of the best scholars that we can find, and all of them are men of some distinction, no less than 16 of the members (including four European scholars) being !llso Fellows of the Calcutta University. Their position is such as to make them entirely independent, and there is not the smallest ground for the suspicion that they ever swerve from the path of duty under private influence.

250. As some misconception existed a few months ago as to the constitution of the Committee and the mode in which they discharged their important duties, I deem it due to them to place on record the procedure followed in respect of every book submitted to them for examination. The Committee is for purposes of business divided into six Sub-Committees-namely, a Sub-Committee on English Language and Literature, consisting of 11 memb£>rs; one on Beng:Hi Language and Literature with 12 members; a third on Sanskrit Lan"'uao-e and Grammar and Bengali Grammar with 7 members; another on History a~d Geography with 9 ; one on Mathematics with 6; and one on Science with 7 members. Publishers and authors of books on any one of the fore"'oing . subjects generally submit to the Committee's office a sufficient number of· copies of the ·work to be examined, for the use of each member of the Sub. Committee concerned. The Secretary or Assistant Secretary then forwards to each member a copy of the book, with a covering letter, asking him to report on the book, in regru·d to its matter, manner, style, language, grammar, spelhng, religious, political, and moral tendency, paper, printing, and price, and to state whether the book is recommended for school use or for prize or library purposes, and the school classes, if any, for which it is suitable. Each member submits in due course his report, which is tabulated in a book kept for the purpose; and every notice convening a meeting of the General Committee gives the names of the books to be considered at it, so that members may come prepared to support or oppose their introduction. If all the reporting members approve the book, it is as a rule accepted. In cases of doubt or grave differences of opinion, the book is subjected to an examination at the meeting itself in the light of the recorded opinions of members, and is either approved or rejected after a fair discussion as to its merits and defects. A book is sometimes referred back to one or more members for re-examination, on some special point elicited in the course of the discussion. The detailed proceedings are immediately printed and circulated to all the members and the Director for information. 'l'he proceedings are confirmed at the next meeting. The Director annually revises the list of text-books in accordance with the Committee's recommendations, and managers of schools are res~ricted to the use of the books named therein.

251. The procedure, as described above, is calculated to ensure for each book a fair consideration, and it leaves no opening for the exercise of undue influence by any of the members in favour of any publication. lt may not be out of place to state here that some books of ack.llowledged merit have been rejected because they were too high for middle schools, though quite suitable for high schools or colleges and training schools. Such a result must have occasionally furnished outs!de critics ":ith an opport~nity _for cal_ling in questi~n the decisions of the Comm1tt.ee. Agam, the authorl8ed ll8t1 whwh has been m course of formation for about 20 years, necessarily contains books which have

· now ceased to embody the latest researches or advances in modern science. 'l.'his difficulty has of late years been fully recognised by the E:orumittee. The general report for 1888-891 after noticing with cordial approval the labours of the Committee in issuing the first complete list of text-books for middle schools, expressed the hope that as time went on the Committee would consider whether several of the books then approved would not subsequently become antiquated or

a2

rnErAII.\TIO~ A:SD

DISTRIDl'TlON OJ.'

'l'E..U.DOOKS AND

OTJIRR SCHOOL

LITi>UATrR&.


REP•n••w~ AND otherwise unsuitable. In the report for 1889-90 it was distinctly stated that 'DISTn ••u•w• o• the Committee had been requested " to re-examine, from time to time, books •••'r-nooKs AND already authorised, in order to ascertain whether they continued t? be suitable 01"'" scuooL text-books after the appearance of other books on the same subJects." The L••••••u••· report for 1890-91, referring to the same subject, said that the authorised list

of text-books "will be subject to periodical revision, not only with a view to the inclusion of new books in it, but for the purpose of eliminating books which, from time to time, become antiquated or otherwise unsuitable for schools." The question was formally laid before the Committee for consideration by Sir Alfred Croft early in June 1891, with the result that a Sub-Committee, consisting of four well-known scholars, was appointed to overhaul the authorised list of 690 books. His Honour the Lieutenant-Governor has, since the close of the year, placed at the. disposal of this Sub-Committe!l ~ sum of Rs. 6~0 ~or the appointment of pa1d readers, whose sole duty tt 1s to note obJectiOnable passages for the consideration of the members. The work of this Sub-Committee will not be over for some time, and will be subject to revision by the General Committee.

252. The Committee undertook, at the request of Sir Alfred Croft, to prepare for high and primary schools authorised lists of text-books similar to those for middle schools. The consequence has been a rush of books on various subjects unprecedented in the histor;r of the Committee, no less than 438 books having been received for examinatiOn during the year under report. Adding to this number the 38 books undisposed of at the end of the preceding year, the total number was 476. Of these, 152 were approved for school use,82 for prizes and for inclusion in school libraries, and 233 were declared unsuitable for schools.

• 'l'he number of books pending at the end of the year was only 9, but a large number of new books have since been received in the Committee's office and sent out to the several members of Sub-Committees for examination. The session of the Committee began on 12th November 1891 and ended on the 18th June 1892; the number of meetings held was 12, each meeting lasting three hours on an average. Besides the approval and rejection of books reported upon .by members, the Committee had many miscellaneous references and complaints to dispose .of,- involving questions of plagiarism and copyright. Three Special Sub-Committees met several times during the year, but their proceedings are not recorded. On the motion of the President, the Committee adopted, with the sanction of the Director, the plan of marking certain books a~ suitable for prizes and for school libraries which were not quite fit for class use. This limited approval will bring to notice many publications of some merit.

253. The process of revision of the authorised list, as described above, will not- be over for some months. The Committee have therefore deemed it expedient to defer the republication of the full list until the labours of the Revision Sub-Committee are completed and accepted by the General Committee. There is no practical objection to this course, though it will probably be useful to issue a supplementary list of approved books for middle schools, based on the Committee's proceedings during the year under report. The Director will, for the present, continue to issue the middle scholarship- course two years in advance of the date of the examination, in accordance with the Resolution of Government, dated 7th January 1882. It may be useful to remember that when separate scholarship courses were issued by each of the five Circle Inspectors, different authors of merit had a chance of seeing their works patronised by one or other of the Inspectors; while under the new system one course has to be prescribed by the Director for all the Bengali-speaking districts of the Lower ~rovinces, with the result that the number of disappointed authors is necessanly more numerous.

- 254. Besides the Central Text-Book Committee sitting at Calcutta, there are Branch Committees for Bihar and Ol'issa. 'l'he Bihar Committee is reported to have examined many books during the year under report, and the Inspector hopes that in a month or two a list · may be submitted to the Director for· approval. .-

. ~55. The l!lspector, Dr. Martin, adds a suggestive note on the use of Hmd1 and Urdu m the schools of Bihar. He says:-

. "For lower primary schools I think it might be possible to write small text-books in the llllguajl'anca of the country which, if printed in both Urdu and Kaithi, would be indifferently


called Urdu or Hindi, according as they were rend by Muhammadans ar Hindus. But as PRBI'ARATJos ••n more difficult books are prepared, divergence arises by the introduction of foreign words, on DJSrnmur•os or the one hand from Sanskrit and on the other from Persian and Arabic, and the more olnssionl' rsn.noo•• AND

the books are made, so much the greater is the difference observable between Hindi and oruan scnooL Urdu, until at last their common origin is with difficulty recognized. ursnno•L

"The question then arises, whether it is nqt iooum bent upon us to have the books for lower primary schools printed in both the Urdu and Knithi characters. I answer nofi•·st, because it does not seem to be nny very great hardship to onll upon the Muhammadans of the population to learn the Kaithi cho.rnoter, which is all that is needed to enable them to keep pace with their Hindu brethren; nud seeo11dly, because in the districts of llih.ir Proper the Muhammadan element represents only a small proportion of the entire population, so that in an ordinary lower primary school there will be found on an average four or five Muhammadan pupils only.

"When we come to schools of a more advanced kind, then there is no doubt a mllrked difference between the two languages, po.rtioularly for the middle examinations; but I think the needs of the Muhammadans o.re met by the system at present in force, which enables them to substitute in the place of the Hindi text-books in literature and grnmmo.r, books in Urdu by their own co-religionists. For such subjects as mathematics and geography and science, I oan see no special hardship-all other circumstances taken into oonsidorntion-in calling upon them to get up these studies through the medium of Hindi text-books. Technicalities will arise in either case ; and though the Musalman would like to see those clothed in a Persian or Arabic garb, still it is not more difficult for him to understand them when presented to him in another form. History, perhaps, may be different, and I would gladly prescribe as a text-book that history which is translated into both languages. Suoh 1\ history is, I understand, to be found in Hunter's History of the Indian People, but 1\n objection is raised to it on the ground that some portions of it wound the susceptibilities of the llindus. 1'his argument I onn hardly admit as a sound one, since the book has for many years been used as a text-book by the University, and no objection has been raised to it. In sanitary science there is the book" Way to Health" written in both Hindi and Urdu. If the Urdu version is a translation of the original Bengali production, then Muhammadan candidates in schools with Urdu teachers might be allowed to rend the Urdu version.

"'l'ho.t the present system of having all subjects, except literature and grammar, troate<l alike for Muhammadans and Hindus in Hindi text-books is not very repulsive to tho former will appear from the fact, that in the Patna Division with a Muhammadan populzltion representing U·o per cent. of the total population, we find in the middle class schools 14 per cent. of the school IJOpulation to be Musalman. In the upper primo.ry schools tho percentage falls to 8 per cent., but when we take all the middle and upper primary schools together, we find the percentage to be 10·4, which is not much under the proper prnportion. In the Bhagalpur Division the proportions are given more symmetrically ; thus the Muhammadan pnpulation is 19·6 per cent. of the total population; it is 19 9 per cent. of the middle En!;lish school population ; it is 18·5 per cent. of the middle verne.oulo.r school population, and 1t is IH·7 per cent. of the upper primary school population ..

"On the whole, therefore, it appears to me to be quite nnneoesso.ry to do much more than is at present being done, to introduce the Urdu lllnguage into middle and upper primary schools. The only change that I think might be made with a view to falling in with the wishes of the educated and influential members of the Muhammadan community would be to prescribe text-books in history and snnito.ry science in Urdu, as well as in Hindi, if books on these subjects o.re procurable, which are alike, except for the language in which they are expressed." ·

Mr. Forbes, the Commissioner of the Patna. Division, writes as follows in reference to the foregoing extract :-

" As regards the character in which the text-books are printed for the lower primary schools I should prefer to see greater freedom of choice allowed to the pupils than is advocated by the Inspector. It may, I think, be left to the boys and their parents to dooide whether they learn the Urdu or the Knithi oho.rnoter or both, and I see no reason why we should forcibly interfere. It is admitted that noqullintnnoe with the Urdu character is required for the study by Muhammadans of more advanced subjects, and it therefore seems desirable that they should be given proper opportunity of acquiring this from their early youth.

"In conclusion, I would strongly advocate the teaching of the Roman character (on the Hunterie.n system) to those who wish to learn it in our vernacular schools. 'l'he use of this character in place of Nngri (or Knithi) is now being widely adopted in Government offices and it is tolerably certain that it will soon be made incumbent on all Government employes, however low their grade, to read and write it with facility."

The questions raised by the Inspector and the Commissioner will require careful consideration.

256. The Orissa. Committee at present consists of 16 members, of whom only 4 belong to the Education DtJpartment. Jlla.ny books were examined by them, and only two of them were approved. The Committee met in liinrch last for the purpose of revising the provision~! list of text-books then in force.

126 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.

rn•••••TioK AND The revised list has· since been submitted to the Director for approval. The DisrnrnUTioK o• Joint-Inspector reports favourably on a series of good Uriya wall-maps nxT-Doo•• •ND brought out by Babu Sasi Bhusan Chatterjee of Calcutta, and considers that """"" scuooL the undertaking is well worthy of the patronage of the Department. Some uTBn•ro••· sets of these maps have since been purchased for distribution among the middle

and upper primary schools of Orissa: 257. The Calcutta School-Book Society still serves as the chief medium for

the distribution of books in the country through its numerous agencies. The Society exercises a healthy regulating mfluence over the prices of school-books in Calcutta, which, in the hands of ordinary shop-keepers, have a tendency rapidly to advance when the supply falls short of the demand. During the year the Society sold in Calcutta and by means of its agencies in the mufassal 217,913 books val~ed at Rs. 83,755. ·

258. In March 1891 the School-Book Society was amalgamated with the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Literature, with His Honour the Lieutenant-Governor as its first President. The amalgamated Society receives a grant of Rs. 2,400 a yeRl' from the Government of India and Rs. 400 a month from the Government of. Bengal. In the Useful Literature Branch, supplies of cheap and healthy books continue to be obtained from England, and disposed of to the public at the Calcutta depository and the mufassal agencies. ·

DARJEELING, C. H. TAWNEY, The 24th Septembel' 1892. Offg. Di!'ectol' of Public Instrocfion.

'l'otalarn in ~>quare mal~.

1

EnucATION-GBNBRAL TABLB I.

Abstract Retur11 of Colleges, Sc!wols, and Scholars ill U.e Lower Provinces of Bengal at tile end of the official year 1891-92.

A.JlEI. j.l'I'D POPOU.TIOlJ.

Number or towns and \'allngcs,•

•

Population.

• •

rFor males ...

i f lnstituho"'l

I l. For females .

(For details-&ee General Table III.)

PUBLIC INBTIT1J'%ION8.

UniversitY School education, School oouC&o I education. general. \ion, specia.l.

:i , • Total of .. ~.!! public

!!' " E".!i :: & mstitu. .!: ~ to~

.,. :g ""' •"' .

~"' .,. •8 -· ~~ &10D9, . ~~

o• Oo m •"' ""' f-5 ;: ~~ .... .., ... w o:· ... .,

Pettentage of-

Private Institutions.

~ ~!!- .!Ia.:. ~ ;;i

!! -· ~~a-= 0 • ., . .. • ~~ ~=~.; ... ~ . ~~s=i " a t~ e "' . .dot.:~d

" ., .. ... 0 = c =-= • • 7 8 • 10 11 ,. 13 ,. 1' 16 17

21 61,!01 !,30S

~~I ..... L_. .... I _31 t3 ;os Ct,009 ' r

I' lln5t•tntionJ to 1 • t numltcr of {

... ,: ... 70 I ~;r,:;;~, and I 2 ... 61 !,682 10 ... 2,755 .__ 160 !,915 J l

<8,1i87

--- --- -------- ------ --- -:.::-\-:::;1-:.:l--: ---~ -

H'97

1'1!

,,, 2~21~ )Ia!" .•. 811,,1!,7W ···~ ll-'~malu ... ~,iHSi ••• ~ Tc.tal ... ~.on, Total ... M 14 !,369 &1,!09 31 !39 &3,058 13,868 li7,~...1 l-:-::-:---:-,--_; .. :.::_:'09:.:.l

I ------------------ -..:;,sj-;:;;;-J-;;;:rnj-;:;; (.llale ochola"1

-• o,•"l ... 093 7 ~----- - I lo male po. ploues •.. -.v l,vv! 107,161 I, ,1 3 8C2 6,22.5 1,303,cst 131 083 l,t:H,767 { pulo.linn of~ 26'26 ,

l'schol.,. "'ll • • .J .J 6 . ...1 ll :',.':,:t'·KOing J •.emalea •.. •• • &9 1 8• .. ,, 6 ~----- ~-----•-"- fP~a:::a~~l';;!1

REli.&BKS.

.. ••• , - -,1 325 2 88,687 8,411 07,0081 I•Uht.llon of 1'76

I

--- --- ------ --- --- --- ... ~ r::r:r:- {[To::~h:::oo}J _I

---------~'--------------_;c_ ______________ ~,------- -~~T~o~·~~~·~ .. ~·:·~~~~~~.oo~·~~~~-~·:"'~'::1~·':'~·~~~··~~L:Jn~::·:·:~:'7.:1:.~~-·~'"~~~:-~-~~~::~~~1J~_·"' __ -.~~~~~-----..J-L'_·~ __ '·_'"' __ Li __ :ir~~~r:;~·:;:·~=~~r_~:r_·~-·-·_""~j ______________ : • A town ('l'ltltauu 5,000 inhsbitants CIT up,...rds; a rillare contatnllf><>• than 5,f~Q Jnb.abitantt t 'I he pvpulatKIU ol K.hool·gi.IIU5 a&e ~ Ltolcn al 1~ per (.'t:nt, or lbu whule P"VUla.!IOO.

EoucATION-GI!NERAL TABLE II.

.A.batract Return of E.rpeuditure 011 Public Iustruclio11 in the Lower Provi11cea of Be11gal for the official year 1891-92.

(For details, lte General Table IV.)

•

I TOTAL DIRBO'I' BXPBNDITUBB ON PUBI.IO INSTRUCTION. TOTAL INDIRECT BXPBNDITUBB ON PuBLIC JNSTBUCTION, . . University edu- I School education, I School edueationJ ~

~A cation. general. special. ~-a P.o

'i; ... .!!l .!!l .,; §'$ ~ g 0 ·a "'§ ,; m u 0

u .,; • "' ... ~ § ~

"' ~

~ "' u u "' 0

" m m m g. f!; f = :a u .s "~ .. ~..!!i = :3 § c = .; o"C 1:' 0

" .B·y 0

~ = u • ·;; .co

"' u uu u] a ~o

i :a ·e g. 3 0 u u u

$ .... ,. "i! 0 ... :; -~ e ~

u f~ ~ ~ ·c _u -ll -~ ~ &!~ " -<1 "' "' ' "' E-o :;jm

~ ~ t:> iS .!l "' :>1

1 I 2 I 3 I 4 I 5 I 6 I 7 I 8 I 9 I 10 I 11 I 12 I 13·1 14 I 15 I 16 I Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs.

... ~For males ... 7,00,667 8,24,849 S0,65,3I3 25,72,095 83,997 2,65,783 70,02,704 4,17,963 10,363 4,28,326 93,744 63,641 5,66,638 2,14,480 1,56,539 I.-Institutions

, females ... 6,468 ... 4,96,368 2,76,660 25,152 ... 8,04,618 ... ... ... ... . .. . .. ... . .. ~

Total .. 7,07,105 3,24,84~ 35,51,681 28,46,75& 1,09,149 2,65,783 . 78.07,822 4,17,963 10,363 4,28,326 93,744 63,641 5,66,638 2,14,480 1,56,539

2.-(a) Pereentagea of provincial ex-penditure included in columns 2-17 to total proVincial ex-penditure on publiC instrue-

11·73 10•96 8·40 3·07 tion 19· 6•36 59·52 14•89 •26 15•15 ... 2·65 14•01 6·84 1·93 (6) Percenn:gea ofd~trictfunds ~:

penditure included in eolomns 2--17 to total district fnnds e:rpenditure on public instruc-

45·09 6617 tion ... ... ... ... 21•87 '09 •52 ·28 •21 •49 ... .. . 22•33 . 1-ll2 7·69 (c) P~:~rcentages of municipal es-penditure included in eolamns ¥--17 to total municipal ex.-pendit.ure on public instruc-

67•02 tion ... ... ... ... ·09 ... 30•32 .. . 1-56 88'99 664 •18 6•82 ... ... •49 •OJ 3.69 '

3 ~

17 I Rs.

11,17,042

.. .

11,17,042

25·33

31•94

4•19

u

"' 1 " 0

~ ~

" ;a 5g ~:.3 .;

" og " ~ ... -~ 0 • = ~" .. ~-.. "'

18 119

Rs. 85,46,072

8,04,618

93,52,690

100·

100·

100·

.... ... .

(d) Percentage• of !<>tal expendi·

87·97\

ture in columns 2-17 to tot.al expenditure on public

3'47 instruction ... ... ... 7'56 I

3.-AVBR.&GB• A.NlitrAL COST OP BDU· Ra. A. 1'. Rs. A. P. Ra. A. P. C4TING BACH l'UPIL Ul'-

~Coot to provincial Government in· revenues .. . . .. 147 13 0456 11 4 11 1 3 etitutiona ... Clst to district and

municipal funds ... ... 0 5 6

Total COBI ... 238 13 1510 8 • 32 2 6

{Cost to provincial 511 Municipal and revenues ... . .. ... ... 0

District Daard Cost to District 1cbooll: ..• Board and muni-

cipal funda ... 1 6 10 ... 4 7 3

Total coSt ... 119 9 9 ... 11 10 5

<Cost to provincial Aidod inatita· revenues ... 21 4 10 ... 2 711

t.i01ll ... {.Coat to district .u".d municipal funds ... ... ... 11411

TotGl cost ... 132 15 4 ... 17 4 2

Unaided institutions Total coat ... 44 14 2 36 1< 7 9 0 0

~Coot to provincial All

. . . revenues ... . .. 52 6 T46 5 8 2 7 0

m•tltUtlODJ Coat to district and municipal runds ... 0 0 2 1 6 9 ...

----Total '"'Oit ... 126 10 6 2!!1 5 6 18 4 2

I

30'46

Rs. A, P.

9 6 0

... 9 6 0

...

4 2 6

4 13 4 . 0 3 7

0 8 8 - 2 12 5

1 6 9

0 3 1

0 7 6

2 10 11

1'17 2·85 83·481 •N7 ·11 4.58 1· J I

6•29 2•29 1•68 1194 100. \ Ra. A. p, Rs. A. p, Rs. A. P.i• The annual cost is calculated on the direct expend!ture only. The average cos' of educating

earb pupil is. obtained by dividing the direct expenditure by the average number on the rolla monthly during the year.

102 811 42 10 9 54 14 6

1 5 2 0 4 4 0 5 2

105 0 460 5 8 52 0 10

.. . 1'-7 5 4 0 8 2

... 31 1 3 5 4 0 '

. .. 63 6 0 12 15 9 I --

9 101 22 1 10 2 0 8 7

. .. 2 6 1 011 2 -82 12 716 0 9 4 9 8 ---47 • 10 15 u 8 6 13 4

54 15 220 5 4 1 15 5 Fractions or a rupee are omitted, escept in the column• allowing the average annual cost of

0 1110 1 1 6 014 8 CIIUC8ting ea.cb pupil.

----92 711 42 13 10 7 511

~~~-

lV

CLUB OV l~srlTtTTJOI'i'l!l

1

!: ~ English ... ... ... ... ... • ..

f

ABTB COLLEGES,

= 5 00LLBOB9 OR DRPARTMBNTB OP COLLEGES ~ u FOB l'BOliBBBIONAL 'fBA.INJXG,

~! ILILW ... ... ... ... ... . .. :&ledicino ... ... .•• ,., ...

LEnginoorlng ... ••• ... ...

GENERAL STATISTICS.

Return of Colleges and Schools and of Seltolm·s attending ihem

PUDLIO INSTITUTIONS.

UNDER PUDLIO M.A.:U.GEMBNT. I UNDER PRIVATI

Mnnoged by (lovernmont, I Mnnr~god by District or Municipal Bou.rds, I

Aided by Go'I'O~!Dont or by District or MttniC!pul Doal·ds,

8 11

11 1,622 1,812 1,108 1 '" 67 7 1,097 l,H6 "" B 01 02 72 ... ••. ... ... ... ... ... '" 1 255 278 235 ... ... ... ... ... ... ••• • .. 1 2-l.·ir 220 23·ir ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. •

Total t;nivcrsity Education ... -1-.- --;,illi2.illj2,009 --1-\---:w- ---ml~l--7-l--t.OOJ ~ ------o;---------------------r

8BCONDA.BY SCIIOOLB

IIio" and Jliddlo ScT,ools.

FnrBous-

High aoboola Mlddlo .,

For Girls

HiKh acboola :r.Iiddlo ,

... Engli!lh ,.,

{ En~tlish ... "' Vernacular .••

,,. English ... (English ...

'"l Vcrmwulo.r •••

Total Secondary Schools

PRUIA.RY SCDOOL8,

Fo!•Boys-

Uppor prim11ry Lowor ,. .. ,

For Girla-

Uppor prim11ry Lowor ,. ... l

Tota.l Primnry Schools

I ScnOOLS POR Sl'BCU..L bsrnUC'l'JON,

..:, .J School of Art ... ••• ... .•• ... g:! 1'rnlnmg sobools for mnstHs .. . ~ ~.> Guru.tl·ninmg clnsses nttuchcd to "iniddi'O

j::l:i ~ schools ... ... ... ... .., .. . 14-.n Trnuung srhools for mistrcssc!l . ., ... .. .

g ~ I ~~l~.~~;tll~l~I6~J!s ::: ::: ::: ::: .. . ~ ~ lndustrinl schools ... ... ,,, ... :::

i\lndro.ssB.'I ... ... .,, ... .,, ... \othor 11chools ... ... .. .

40 0 .. •

13,001 833

2,5a:J

13,MU t\00

2,400

207

10,6~8 055

1,700

101

8 20

152

2,023 l,UliiJ 8,020

1,{135 l,OfiO 8,037

1,4·15 1,209 O,·U6

178 liD:l 811

11 20 21

27,8\Jl 41,509 4a,4~2

1,071:• 2,2H l,S86

27,411 40,0.)5 41,472

1,013 2,0·1-8 1,!!81

20,805 30,31.!0 st,o:u

835 1,710 l,OHo ---- --- ----- --------------- ----· --- ---

00 17,5US 16,87'1 ts,mu. !Ell 1:1,351 11,61{) 0,119lS 1,6.:53 lt7,tH7 113,2SO 80,358 --- --- --- --- --- --- ------------ ----- ----- ----

•

1 16

107

118

118

181 608

712

112

112

1t.7 (]58

Gfi7

GO

GO

142 li·i:S

477

10 3

• 17

278 125

180 181

170 72

110

3,450 3li,USd

202 2,087

1!.'!8,120 8:15,080

0,359 37,427

118,802 751,0011

8,458 M,lt.iO

{13,0-i.olr CIUU,OOO

0,481 25,USS

680 650 3tH 4l,7S5 1,010,495 DI2,·Ur1 72-1,012 --- --- --- --- ---------

0 '"216 "'m

... 6 "'102 "'111S '"18-J. ~ "!Sn7 "6-ls 1582 ::: ::: ::: ::: ... ... ... • ..

~ 1.:~J 1 .:~g 3~~ s 'los 1B '"75 ... o ... ~~g ... ~~~ '";~~

1 40 42 1 ' 2~: ::: ::: ::: ::: ~ 270 2Gi ISS --- --- --- -------- --- --- --- ---------Totnl Special Schools ... 201 4,207 4,271 3,.i23 3 103 114 75 so 1,3i6 1,84:3 1,0-18 --------

TOTAL Oi' COL"LEGES AND SCnOOLS 011 P!IDLIO ------ --- ---INstRUCTIOK '" '" '" ... ... ... SUS 24,195 23,671 18,726 202 812,M~ 13,080 12,3-10 9,587 43,155 1,130,614 1,028,26-i

--"-----'-----'--'------~--"----'--· .!---'-----'----'-----'----

ADVANCED, teaching-(a) t\rubic or Porsia.n ... ... .. . (b) Snnskrit ,, ... ... ,, ... .... • ..

ELEMENTAllY, teaching n Vernnculnr only or mamly-

PRIV"ArB hsrirorioNs (a) With 10 pupils u.nd upwards

(b) With less than 10 pupils ELEllB:-i'l'ARY, tca.ching tho Koro.n only ... OtHER sonooLS not conrorming to Dcpa.rtmontD.l Stnndards

• Exclush·e of the o.vcroge dnily nttcndanco

GENERAL STATISTICS.

ERAL TABLE 111.

ill t!w Lo1ccr Pro1·inces of Bengal for llw o{!icial year 1891-92.

liA.N I.OBliE~T.

Unaided,

"I '' 10 17 10

2,-t.GO 2,MO

NtrYD1rR OP 8CROLJ.II8 ON' TRB

31ST OP !JARCU LBA.B:SDiG-

20 .. 6,173 4,626

0LA8SrPICATt0'!1' OF ~CROLARS 0'!1' TllR SHIT OJ' .MA.RCU .._ccoRDING I'O U.t..cB oa l:REED,

Aborif!'ino.t.

..,,.n 200 • • 0 472 610 321' 12 1:1~ ... 1 ~r ... 'J ••• ,, ... 0 GIO 3 !H ... ,., 1 ,,, ...

,., ,, ,., ... 1 2u5 :;::;3 ,,, ,., 109 ,,, 1:1!) 1 ll 1 ,., 3 ,, .,, ... •.. .,, ••• I :!·._1 .. ~, •.• •.• :!tl ••• 2111 ... 1 ... •.• J ... •.

21 I 2,11:!2 3,0s.J I l,S:!7 48 0,2..'17 I tl,2:!l> I 4,1\~tl I ... I 11\!l I G:! 1\.61~ I 711 I 3:i!l I 0 .-:--, ltl I ~H I ...

133 l;!111)

117

• 3

9:1,5'2~ u .. uu o,ilo

2GO til

:!2,H7 13,a7o

6,;.!19

190

"'

2!i.l05 10,:!7.5 4,8:·2

220 110

scs "'I 1,113

77,433 IIS,Gnt 01,:151

],IS'iG 2,:1S.> 1,.\:iS

75,·1n2 so,:~H

H, .. \17

1,'\73 2,:1:;:1

278

3!loC~S 1,12\l

Gli5

41,fl32 t,fl,3 67,:1:!:! ll-~ Gl,331) 4

r,su fl.~ 2m 1:!1 2,2ua tHi

l,U~ 1 ~'<:J

G:i.'I!IG 4j, '.!!17 uu,7.:ill

!!HI '7

" lsG uo ·U l:l

1,0117 :17

fl,.tns D,u-.:; u,u:.::;

70

'"" ••

"'ts 11

lii2,7·11 U,IISS 1,7!1:) lrl:i,:!SO 471 :!7,1•\1 tlU

202 7,M7 O,~~!l 4,!l!lS 3,Gfi7 135,!l12 l,O~G rm 13.";,210 2:t! 2':fl lf'II,M2 S,U;Jl 162,:!rJ 13:J,:Ha ll:!,UOJ ·1-1,0:!0 9.:1i,1a~ 4n Gl,G52 USIJ,7:1V 6S :!,:.!:!~ GiJ,UJtl

4-:J 2~.~!)~ 3~0 uu :!S~,:.u1 ~.oau

7

' ' 0 0 •

" lOS 43S

1 21

!7-t 10 0 • 1S

21 13

lSI

'" 'I~B sun

),ll:i5 ·117 Oj~

2,o:n MiV

'@o ···as2 ' 10

3

I 70

1 2IU

0

111

So l,ro3 J,G;3 ~ 27o -7,·~ 1':;12 3,i";R --.-,GIS W <07 -- --- --- ----- --- --- --- --- -- --137,13·i 113,i2G 1.335,209 r.,O.!l G,lHO

'" G:!:l

6':{1 n

87U

s.•n t:> ---1-

7

" J"" 73

lf·!l 2,fi!t7

OJ

101 1~:'1

:!:.!7

20 0

UP:l r;~,fl ~V107 2:!,aH 1,10a s~,'i~u

en !\ .. . r.r,., ·13 .. .

~l1,7t~ll 137,i;"

• " •

3.1

\,:I'll

... I ... I •

'" . ::./ 2li,201 2.~M 3.1,0-10

""

'·"'''

1-

{For bovs

'" , p;il-ls

I For bnvs '" , gifls

... { Po;·bO)'t'l '"

... .. glrlJ

l,t!H 10,7-'li 18,117

so !!',qll1 1M, I 13

1S,81'il • 210 I

610 8,205 ... ';G7 'I,UOG ... ... 4."-.!!l ... 3,1~ .. , ,._, ... ltO 1!1 :!13 ... b7 :!13 ... ... 7~ ... ll::i ... ... •.. • ...

3,DOI 22,703 2 1,4!•0 21,(11il ... ll ]j',r.t!l ... f,/;7:; 12 119.1 3 ~71 G5 1155 .,, :(5 :-I:'J:'i ... ... !l:'JI ... 11:1 ... 6 ,,, ... 4

li,llO!l 70,3•\11 ... 00,077 8H ••• ... 14 ... 'IO,:HII a:; ,. ,,.. O,t.flf» 13 20)1 2,:!1'.5 SS6 ~59 l,U~r.l ... 2 11!01 ... l,o,;~ ... C.tl ... 7t! 63U 4 51 4:15 .•• H 4.11 ... 31 ... ... Col ... , ..

Tot11l

Ga.uro TOTAL

... 1S,8G.'l ]~ -;; 107,5!Ci -;;:sw - .. -.---;;-I ....... ,10::1 - .. -.-1 n:I,OIO /--:;;- -4!;7 m -7.:S'!~ "

... 6'1,~2l I,fi3I,OO.'i t:l7,M'J 221,011 l,::VJ9,1IS o,0:!1 o,t•as 1,030,200 aw 418,!iU 4,00:; 1 :L,o:.tl j2.'•i2 40,a~t. 2,-v;1j __ _

of tho Mctropolibn Institution, 8 2

v

VI

0DJBCTS OJ' EXPBI'tDITtTRBo

UNIVBR8ITY BDUOATIOY,

Arts Collt~gcl.

English ...

Collt~ou or Doprzrtm"nts (1/'0olltJOtJBfor profcllional Training.

J,n,v ]llcdlclnc Enginocrlng

Total

8CfiOOL EDUCATION, GBNBBAL,

Sccoradarv School. For Bovs-

Uigb Jchooll .. , Engli8h ... 'llddl { EngliAh .. . .u o " "' Vornaculnr .. .

Por Girls-

High schools ... F.nglish .,, "lddl { l~nglish .. . .w. c " ... Vornaoulnr .. .

Totnl Secondary Schools

ForBny.-

Uppor prlmnry Lower

For Girls-

Upper primary Lower

Totnl Primnry Schoola

BCUOOL EDUCA.TION, SrBCUL.

Sc!wolB/In' Spt!clal Instrllction.

School of Art ... oo• Trninimr schools for mostera Guru.trnining olnssm>~ ... 'l'rolning schools fol' mistresses 1tl!'dirn\llt':lwola Snrv<•Y schools lndnstrin.lschool!l ltlndrn~sns .,, Ulhor lichools .,,

Totnl Spooinl St~hools

Rnildln~tR .oo ... ... .,, ... • .. l'urnituro and appo.rutus (r~poclul gronts only)

Total

t~ni\'t•t!l\ty Dirccllon Inspection

Prof~!uonnl coll(I~<!S Scholnnblpa hold Scc.,ndnry schools

'" {'Arts C~t~~·~·~· ::: in- l'rlmn.ry ,. ...

S~clnl srbool11 (other MISCC'llnnonnll- tlum trntmng soboals)

!lost!'\ ohnrll<'.!l ... ... • .. Clmr!l;l'9 for ahn\ildlNl so\t(lnls •.. ChnrKCII for comlllolintt cxaruinatiou8 'Prizt~s nml rownrl\11 ... ... • •• Pu)'lllf'nts to prh·nto 11chools .. . Contingencies tmd mlscolltmaous

Total

TOTAL' EXI'RNIIll'tTRB OY PUDLIC

GENERAL STATISTICS.

EDUCATION-GE:o~

Retm·11 of Expenditure 011 Public Instruction in tlte Lower

PUBLIC

UMDBR PUBLIC liA.NAGBliBNT.

Dian aged by Govcrnmon t. MHnmgcd by District or Municipal Boards.

1 • . . • !l ~ . ~

"' .

"' g • 0

~ ~ 0 5 . "' • ~ • " • ~ • • .. ~ "' .a !l e .a j !l • :& c • c 3 .a ~ g~ 3 .a ;;

g~ 0 0 1l "' c.

1l ·c • :~ ·c

·~ ~ ·~ ~ ~ Oo ;j ·~ ~ ~ .! o• :3 e " 'h "l; £

..,o :a 0 :a . 0 ,:Jil 0 .. "' .. "' "' ... "' .. "' ..

• • • • 0 7 8 • 10 11 12 ~a 10

Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs, Rs. ns. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. "'· n..

2,67,&&6 l,lH,17'7 13,714 4,82,730 78 2,7·.1.7 3,993 6,818

-2,GS7 0,007 OGIS 7,795 l,DS,OOd 1!!,1-10 2,0&,200

83,0·112 9, 769 02,8"1

.s,41,4t~---:- ---:-1 t,S2,74sj---:- u,s7o 1 7,3S,GSS ... ___ 78 t,'147 = s,oo1 o,Bts

l,S7,71ll 21,620

8,007

18,080

1,80,988

1,000

27,352 G7,·l-.~!S

O,CiCiO

1·o:.w2 10,214 1,74!6

27,·157 ...... 2,21,076

3,48,1/U G2S

87s 0!13

·---1,808

2,200 3<0

3,100

120

ll,820

3,00,031 10,491\

B,DSS

li,St3 378

3,33,807 5,1178

00!

___ _, __

4,1l1Ci 1,170

3

1~:(!33 li,GIO

'Co 2U;3M

- ---611 ·10,972 3 ------ ---

19,137

-------------3,·i8,0SO 19,137

...

9,480

''02s

10,114

231

l,'Sts I

2,193 14,rH7

18,257 ---3,300

3,800

4,1a,2M 41,1."i5 22,·i70

fl'.'OS5 37,617

24,527 000 ...

•. ~;:,07 :.:;,., ~.~.. .::: ---~--

1,0.50

1,050

31,1107 6l1,7111i 7,66'

o'S;851) 10,&31. 3,05&

02,3SS 4,·H.i ---

1!,88,836 ---3,70,028

lll!S

3,71,150

---

1:ii16

---1,070 -

085 112 200 ••

1,168

--- ---... 1,331 --- ---

3',G.m

--- ---3,!113 - --1,ms 1,423

707

31,857 7,131

23,460

Oil 2,Ull 4,073

6,50:1

oo•::u:s ll0,4-tO 10,US2 68,024

GS,ol& 7,195 6,630 1,3li,39S

21ft 81

"' ---

800

---800 ---

.. " •• ---

000

000 ---"' 103

800

7

---

160

100

],f).l..l ·1113

1,213

2,660 ---

7,22.5

'7,21SS ll02

8,100

l!'StRt'CriO:t' .,, 12,00,789 1,808 0,880 8,G3,G22 2!!,118 4.0,110 19012,2S7 6,311 I 60,SGl ta,osz 69,2SS o,vzs 10,700 1,00,2::1

• lucludro..s It..~. 4.~0 1' Excludes Its 450 t Includes Its. 9 § Excludes IC.s. U

GENERAL STATISTICS.

ERAL TABLE IV.

Prorinces of Bengal jo1· tile official yea1· 1891-92.

INSTITUTIONS.

UNDER PBIVJ.TB MANA.GBl!BNT,

Aided b)' Govornment or by District or Municlp~~ol Board•. Unaldod.

1-.-----;---;----;-----;--;:.--;---[--,---.,.-:-.--,-·- --,----.,...-----;-----'1 a.· z 0

"' "' ~ ~

~ ~ ~ ~ li 0. ~ • .g~ ..: i -~ ~~ ~i i J: ~ ~i

OIUSP Tut.A.L.

Til

• • • • • • "'

r-'-· !1--17 ...LI _'8 +-1 _1• --;..'-"-:~1 •• I 23 I .. I •• I '" I '7 I .. I •• I •• I Sl I Sl I . :1.'1

na. n9

, Rs. Ra. n.s. RR. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. / Itt. Rs. &. R1. n •. R11, R•.

2-lo,SDl •·i8,070 1,13,312 t,O!,GSn 2i,G07 48,206 l,li2,2Sil 00,636 78 9,76,&1(\5 tl,S8,SSd 7,07,10&

,,. ... ,,. ... ,,, ,., "' 18,252 ,,, '19.5 19,067 -2,5.17 ,,. ,., f7,fllll 1,.-fi() !!O,IH~ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... I ... 1,fl3,01\.6 ••• ... 1'!,1 .. 0 ... 2.1~~.'.!~111 .,, ,,, ... ... '" ... ... ... ... .., ,., b3,l ... l!! ,, ... tl,i'Ml P'!,,.Ol

21,391 ... -.-•• - ~046~ 2-\,1107 -:;;,;;;o 1,.5!!,!!39 s:i:8SS -.-.. - -;w.m~~s;o 6,1;(1,~67 ... --7-8 ~&;"fti:W,;:) ltl,Sl,IIM

----.---- ------- ------

l,lR,SlS 1,800 4<1,911 1,17,083 !l.o,son oo,7a7

21S,S39 40,002 7,070

2,811,035 1,80,289

115,697 S,SDS 7,218

4,23,288 1,82,7l:!S 1,20,·1-W

fJ1,1S74o 1,71,127

78,412

37,203 0.87,054 IS,O.S,20S H,32·l 6,39,668 4:!,1120 IS,.ws 8,38,oso u,7ol

'1l,!ID7 1,24,2P7 '1,60,.102 IIO,&Jl l12,731 1,05,612 12,311 7 ,-tM SI,Gd~

2,60,0':6 8tl,MII D6,tl'Jd

l,R(';{l 1,23,718 l,t»,:JU

·a.ws 1 '~;~~~ 2~:Jg~ ~;:~~~ ~:~~:~~~ 4-~:i~~ '·~·~ ~~:2M OZ:~~ ~;:{~ ::: 860 S,·WO 11,018 7,1)90 S1,8ll7 ... "' ... 7,070 ...

33,014 9,43,sG2' s,s0,414 1,10,861 )0,66,366 a,to,o:sn l.SO,:i2.i t,OS,732 9,18,211 4,H,us 2.ev,u.n --- ---- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

22,3.,1 10,731 12,::163

120 ... 1,111

12,1lt,S.~i 3 .• •1,~1 Jl,,,l,1oH §:!.~II.M6 l,i'O,Ga-"1 l,>>V,V~

1,R6,£Utl 7:?,:Hi 3,-UJ(l

M,6~7 G7.~H ll>,W!I

1".0:1,0,,1 7,u:l,·fli ... )1!1 11'1111

2.f1Ur.t l,lll•.~:\"1

:1~,11711 --- --- ------4d,l.){lt lP,r.J,l:Sll ~.·n.aau :l."o,l'>l,t~"l ------

48,M6 1,33,818 4,700 1,82,018 M,S.l2 12,,67 4,SS,3o7 s,sr.s 4,20·1 4,261 1n,s2s ot.fi,MIIl 1,8\,603 4,R18 l,OO,Ofl2

u1,otu a,tll,S71 u,t.\71 m.t~c.~,o73 7!,':'{1:1 4,!\'],:\14

S,IG,l.W 21,1V,7~1

IH,U26 S,lt,U02 11,018 11,67,\ltiD 1,li!S,:W2 1,SI,OU 18,-11,131 2,~,:5<:3 28,71!3 21,1UI 2,i8,~17

2,210 4,!'ot.1 12,!1t.l 2·i,lll~ .. '4 3,11.}::! li, 71!U ----------

l,Ool,{l:!-~ ),71,1~5 l;ll,llll J,U5J..:I,"I 11,003 72,0!10 2S,GO:J 1,62,!UO 1.~~~~ 4,71:! 1,472 7,002 ~.fl53

6,228 S.J.,021 S,·W9 US,211~ ·ii" ~,u:JO S,HI 7,:Ho3 21,111.1·1 ---· --- -- --- --------- -------lS,~!'i,OlS 2,87,UOI l,SG,4D3 2:1,8.5,130 2,3S,G21 41,3GU Sn,OllG S,OO,OIA 2,llU,71l11 --- --- --- --- ------ --- -----~ -----· --- --- ---

·,·,·717 ... '" ISS 'o','s27 "' 1:i,'2s2 "' "' ... "' 217 '

3

~ ... ... ••• ... ... ... ... ll,24 ~

·r.,iO ... "' 2;o77 ii;427 2;oOD 2·o:o~ '"1so 4;3r.o 67D ~;too ~:t~ .. : ::: ::: ... ... ... .,, 5,228 SD3 710 6,312 '10,·~12

'i;nsc. '"2

oo sao '"5oo 1:22• 2;oa7 ·o:oso "' 10 "'35s "'2no '"r.2s 1g;~~~

DO 603 830 528 ],80S '140 t,lDl 2,'l0 2,000 10,~:.1:1 ll5,utl:J 27,M7 GSU 03 liSt 38:1 2,8:!6 176 4,1Jtl0 1,300 11:11 4.1>.:i l,UG6 fl,lol

'" IJI)6

8,713 om:. .,

4,U6 1,3tU

~;2:-iT 2<1,!->tjjJ

6,1j.IV I,:Jltl

2-'1,11"2 l,t:v•

O,MR

" lR,-~~~.

~.-1~11

I 7,0CI:!

311,:oH 3,1117

31 ,Ml7 !l:I,L1117 7.~M

l':o,):,2 111•.•::•7 lll.~oH

li,'- ~7 to!!,!!l"t ll,ltt~l ------ ---------

6,:JIJI) J,2.'il ~ --osS 1.221-s,o78 -26.6i2 ~ '49,u;a -;:;;; ---;:u;. ~ ro,7os 2.&.iW" -------- ------------- --------- --- ---211 3'7/·~~q 4,17.1•f~1

23.012 1,027 1,0113 2U 2,257 ::u,sfl3 r.,ono

11>3 12-1

""' 6,1R.i 3,71.773

767 6,H3 6,016 1,-W6 H~ ... -- ----------

0,?00 121 830 8,170 ---------- --- --- --- ---- --- ---6,2AH 6,1»1 3,77,Ul0 &1,213

2!1,257 2,49'.! 6,8.21 3,087 43,06!) ------ --- --- --- --- ---- ---· ---l.,lDS 2U ------------

r-::- --:-~ ~- -:::-- -::--·- --- ------ll,GoJ,8JOj 6,03,ll7 GD,Os.i 23,5.11,607 7,'W,I55 8,62,818

11rum pro\•iuclu\ revenul'!ll, nmsferr~d torolumn 27,

fmm municipal fund, ll'luu.ltrn.>d to column 29.

... - ro:an 3,1!.1,77U

71,~.07 2~.-170

~;;~ 1,lllt

D,IID to,:J•o

7112

I,H3 JU,:Io,;J --- --- ------6,tllll --- --- --- ---

P3,7U

:.,1\!10 J~.l~l:i :u.uo ~.:1.•4-

VIfl

Wl.H4 1;;1,1~11

D,ll ... nv~ ~r .. r~·:: :.'".'.!'ill !ooJ•,II.',:I U,:ill•

EotiCATION-GENERAL TABLE v. Return of the Stages of Insll·uction of Pupils in Public Schools for General Education in the L01r~r Provinces of Bengal at the end qf tile offioial yea•· 1891-9::1.

"' BIOS: STJ.GB. l MrnDLB STAGE. I UI'PER PfUlLUI.Y ST.t.GB. l LoWER PRllLUtY STJ.OB.

2 0

"' Comprisin~t all pupils who Comprisin~ nil pupils who Comprising nll pupils who Comprising nil pupils who hnve not passed beyond the lower

• ban' pnssed beyond the lla>e pa.ssed beyond tho 0 lower secondary (middle) upper primary st:l~e. but

havo passed beyond tlw prillllll'Y stage-

.,; ~~ stu~c. but hn\'O not pu ... ~ed ha\·e not pn~>.-..00. bcyon<l the lower nrima.ry stnge, but

TOT.&.L.

C:-.!198 OJ' SCROOLI.

I "" tim llatriculution Exumm· lo\ver secondary (middlo)

bn.l"C not p:~o.ssed beyond tho I • ~ -~ at ion. stnge • upper primary sUJ.ge. Rending printed books. 'Not reading printed books.

il ;;..=

0

'0 -o~ 1 I l s I • I • "

I ·~ •

0 "• "' .o- I s s~ I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Girls. Toto.!.

" =· Boys. Girls. Total. Boys. Girls. Total. Boys. Girls. Total. Boys. Girls. Total. Boys. Girls. Total. Boys.

z zo

t>BcosD.&RY Sciioor.s. I Bov•' ScMol1.

(Government ... 50 14,309 6,090 ... 6,090 3,923 ... 3,923 2,636 . .. 2,636 1,617 ... 1,617 .. . .. .. 14,309 .. . 11,309

igh Engli$h ~ Di<~lrict llund ... Nil.

'i:1os ...

'672 ... ':iss

... ·sss ... .. . . .. ... ·- "i:705

... { ~lumcipal ... 7 672 ... "6 ... 516 ... 1~2 ... IS! .. . 1,705 ... l A1ded ... .. 178 21,sn '1.fi!.'JO ... 7,s:ro 8,7-J.'J ... 8,743 6,657 1 6,553 4,463 8 4,471 ''2rn 8 289 27.874. 17 '17,691

Unaided ... ... 183 83,{.28 ll,9.S3 ... ll,9s3 9,9".!9 ... 9,U:ill 6,956 ... 6,956 4,477 ... .... 77 183 .. . 183 33,528 ... S3,S~

(Government ... • ll33 • ... • 203 ... 2n3 289 ... 2S8 311 311 .., .. . 25 ll33 ... S'IS ... i Distrkt 1-'und ... l5 9!11 ... ... 22:~ 1 22i 2:n 231 307 1 MS 1G3 • 168 9S< 7 001

iddle English ... ...

.•. llunicip<~l ... 5 &9 ... ... 145 1'-' Ul3 1!13 305 305 16 16 659 '2oG 6!>9

... ... • .. 37

Aided ... ... ,92 41,5:1U ... .. . ... 8,3~2 29 8,411 12,011 ...2'1 12,033 1S,7i8 "l1s 1s,sn 2,22~ 2.25~ 41,3!13 41,500

l Unaided ... ... 209 H,419 • ... • 2,308 1 2,309 ~,9H . .. 3,97-1 7,02-1. •• 'I,OH l,O:S7

I 10 1,053 14,35:! Gl H,.U9

(Government ... 83 2,.').3.1 ... ... ... 507 1 sns 019 ... 619 1,106 1,106 300 . .. 300 2,532 1 2,~'\S

. I District Fund 14<l 7 ,Ut>5 1,3<7 2.0~1}

... l,OSS 21 7,91G •• 7,005

...

I ... ... ... 1,3i.Ji s 1 2,0:!7 3,461 .. 3,485 1,076

tddle Vernacular i :Mumcipal ... 6 {jti1 ... ... ... 115 115 179 ... 179 &13 3.13 ·" ... "' 661 '3m Gti1

I Aided ... 43,482

... ... 811 43,482 10 ... 10 i,275 • 7,279 ll,OH .. 11,0~6 20.637 "" 20,S9:! 4.116 89 3/!05 43,112

lUuaided ... ... 117 6,710 ... . .. ... 1,079 ... 1,079 1,fi5D 1 1,500 8,144 •• 3,179 8G9 23 892 6,651 .. 6,710

------------ --- --- ---- --------- ------ ------ ------ ---- ------------Total ... 2,808 197,285 26,600 ... 26,6t0 ""·722 39 4.f,i61 ...... .. 48,7-W 66,155 ... 66,6-U IO,M-1. ""' 10,5+3 196,609 776 197;tS5

-------- --- --- --- --- --- ---- ---

H

--- ---- -Gtrll' School•.

(Government ... • 2<1 ... •• •• ... 21 21 ... .. .. ... l1l 111 . .. 20 20 . . ... 2<1

gh English I Distr1ct FUnd ... Nil. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. . .. . ... . .. ... .. . ... .. .

... ~ llunicipn.l ... Nil. ... ... . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. . '9s! l;o75 I Aided ... 11 1,075 ... ., 92 s 312 315 7 '2s2 '259 37 205 "' .. 121 ']67 93

lUnaided ... 3 200 ... 22 22 1 59 GO 15 76 91 .. 50 62 13 .. .., ., 219 260

(Government ... Nil. ... ... ... . .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. . .. . .. . .. .

ddle English I District Fund ... l\il. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . .. ·- ... ... ...

... i .llunicipal ... Nil. ... ... ... ... ... .. . 1:803 "2:214

&ided ... 20. 2,21 .. ' ... .. . ... 26 "3H "4oo •• .. .. '4ss "l1o '493 "iiu.'J '2.'i5 491 'T>..s m

Unaided ... s 171 ... ... ... 1 12 13 7 '" 27 15 30 •• 29 67 •• ., Jl9 171

[Government ... Nil. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. . .. . . . .. .

ddle Vernacular District Fund ... Nil • ... ... ·- ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...21

... .. . ... ...

lJunkipal ... 1 " ... ... ... 3 3 ... 3 3 21 ... .., .., .. . 52 52

l Aided

... ... ... 21 1,35G ... ... .. . ... 83 38 • 149 1 .. '1:1 9t9 976 23 195 218 .. 1,331 1,386

. Unaided ... Nil • ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . .. ... .. . ... .. . .. .

-------------------- --- ---- ------ --- ------------- --- --- ----------Total ... 61 6,S99 ... 1.59 150 31 819 850 ,. 989 1,063 201 1,8S9 2,0GO ""' 921 1,267 .... 4,747 6,899

TOTAL SECO:SDABY SCnOOLS ---·--------- --- ---- --- --- ---- --- ---------

... ~~~~_:o2,rM ~~~ --~~ 26,7s9 44,753 _ 85S • ts,on 48,762 1,on 49,so3 ~~ _:.MS os,;~ Jo,c~ ~~ ~~ _:97,161 __t'~ ~~

lli

lli

•

~. ~· ~·

PRilLl.BY ScnooL!I.

Upper Primary

Lower Primary

Fo,.Boys. (Government 1 Distrir.t Fund "'l Yunicipal A1ded ,.,

Una.idfd •••

(Government !District Fund

.,, -< !llunicipo.l !Aided lUnnided

Total

For Girla,

Upper Primary ...

Lower PrimUJ ...

{

Government Distr. ict Fund Municipo.l Aided ... Umudcd ...

fOovernm('nt D1~trict l:'und

-( )luniCipal

lAlded ... Uuwded ...

'fotal

ToTJ..L PBilUBT ScnoOLS

GEU.l'IP TOUL (POR RECOl'D.lRY .l3'D PRUI.&.Rt' 15cnoou)

6

'" \ 8 227 2 " ·~·

•.• 2 3,450 128,129

2112 7,0t!7 16

... ... '"496

"' NiL ...

2 65 ... 1 60

35,986 835,580 2 ... •

8,113l 152,243 ------------------------48,587 1,123,000 -------- --- -------- --- -----•

... -513 --

Nil. ... ... 2 .. Nil. '"tsa • 2

••• D,3::.9 8 3 65 85 ""'

... Nil. ... Nil. ... Nil. ... 2,0.':1'7 37,·\27 ... ,.. 4,Sti2 ... --

87 --'" -

6.191

21 ... " .. 62 ... 6"J 118

8 "log 8 35

20,8-19 20,95!J '19,0l7 1,076 1 1,076 4,289

... ... ... • •• 39 ... ... ... :i:ia1

... 3,it6

50 .. M!,HIO H3 ... 143 82,613

-------------25,205 179 ...... 708,315

----- ------

... ... .. . .. .

... ... ... 10

.. . ... 16 .

'il2 .. P80 1,014 ... ., ., 10

... .. . ... ... ... ... ... .. .

... '"us '768 • 87 ... • • 67 --- -----------.. 1,139 1,179 1,087 --- ---...... 1,318 2t1,5C3 70!J,432

--- ---------'14,007 !,359 'i6,8ti6 'n5,7S8

I

1 .. .. 1 42 IIG 2 118 7 125 37 3 .. 217 10 227

1:?s1 " 8 (289

8 •• i,'is1 " SO, 'lOS 24,588 25,S77 124,978 128,129 .. 4,3lo7 l,C.tHo .. 1,6lo9 ..... ... 7,087

. .. ... I .. . ... ... ... ...

.. . 39 "' ·- •• 65 ... •• 12,6'!6

.. 10 ti.".isa

10 60 25",148

60 554,726 2115,!83 2i7 ,736 810:1.1~ 8.%,580

1,40l M,Ol4 G5,i65 2,331 613,086 HS,5ll 3,732 152.2lo3 ------ -------- --- ---- ------15,8.&4 '124,189 S.S7,312 16,16:! S7S,fH 1,091,373 32,167 1,123,660

-------- -------- --- ------

... ... ... ... ... ... .. . .. . ... ... ..63 ... ''iss ...

106 106 02 ... 186 6,021) &,271 130 2,8i6 3,000 ... 8,958 9,359 .., .., 3 91 .. 13 ... ""' ... ... ... ... ... ... .. . .. . ... ... ... ... .. . ... ... .. .

21·;4;7 22."2-'s ti.mz 15','0s9 'i:!ll a·7:427 417 M,!t6 2,-106 2,-loi3 103 2,217 !,3-;o 170 4,69! f,S6:5

--- --- -------------------2ll,435 80,1S:!2 673 10,068 20,631 1,600 60,60! 62,402

------ ------- ---- ---45,!79 754,711 367,~ 30,120 311 ... 10.5 l,fl93.173 82,769 1,176.~

---------- ---- -47,62-6 8!3,f,]2 3Cl:J,6i5 37,!~ 405,916 1,29e.a:u 88,31Z 1,378,6-lt.

X GENERAL STATISTICS.

EuucATION-GENERAr. TABLE VI.

R<'lurn slw1cing the Results of Prescribe<l Examinations in tlte Lower Province.1 of Bengal for tlw official year 1891-92.

NUMDER OP NtrYDEK OP EXAHIMBBS, I NOM.DBB I'ASSBD. IN"~riTUTIONS

BENDING BLU:UNBBS.

.. •• :0 ~ • c. .. N.lTUilB Oi' Ex.Ur:lll'I'ATION. k k . • "' ~ ,.; "' .. ~ • • c

j :! • 0 .2 ... .. ~

., c c

I c Jl . .. ~a "' cB 1 ~ • ;;

.§~ ~~ ;; .9

~~ :l k ] Be k 'll "' • • ·~a • . • ,e. a :s g 0 :s g 'C ,!!, ... .. .. .. I I 3 I ·I •

ARl'S COLLEGES-

I. Ma.stor of Arts ..•

1. BnclJelor of Arts

9, First Exnmino.tion in Arts ...

• 8 ,..

COLLEGES POB PBOPESSlONAL TBA.IN• I !'I G-

Low-

1. Honours in Law 2. Buche lor of Lu \V

lf tdicin~t-

1. Prelimino.ry Scientific M.B. ~. Ditto ditto L.M.S. ~- First M.B. ... ... . .. t. lJo. L.M.S, ••• ... • •. 5, Second li.B. ... . .. 6, Do, L.lLS. ... ... ... 7, Honours in .Mtldicine .•• • ••

EugifltJtJt"ing-

1 I 1 1 1 1 1

1, B.E. ... .•. ... ... 1 2. F1rst Examination in Engin-

eering ••• ..• •.• 1 3. L.E. ... ... ... ... 1

SciiOOLB J'OB GBNBBAL EDUCATION-

I

' •

'! . 1 1 {ForBoys 157 ., t~.tl·acu at on ••• ••. .. Girls 2 )Iiddle English e:mmin· r .. Boys 22

~~tiun. ) .. Girls Middle verno.cular ex- ( ,. Boys lli:i

awinntion. l 10 Girls UppHr primary exam in·{ .. Boys '9

ution. ,. Girls 2 Lo,ver primllry examin- { , Boys 2

ntion. ., Girls ,,,

SciiOOLS PO& 8l'BCI.U. lNB'tBt10• 'l'ION-

1 •rrnimnp; acbool eto.mina.tion for i\tasters ... ... ••• .. .

2. Surwy school~to.miuation .. . s. Vernn.culnr m~dicole.s:sminotion ...

• s •

9 ·• 6 6

8 16

"7

172 116 • • 608 110

70~ 97 12

2,288 M 29 3

9,91){) 00 220 2

1

11

20

••

1 12 2~1 1 P;~~ ~ dm 1 (j)35 1 • 1 s.• 1 2

1

1 1

,... 8 ... I ••• 12

2,381 .. 10,001 ...

10 s •

12

12 12

1,069

.. ~1~1 608

'"so ~I

t,oms 8

2,076 • 9,316 10

G,SiO llO

32,278

""'

,.

'149 :::

1,967 M

47: 86 'Ss7 538

. ... 1 207 114

9 ... 21'1200

(l ...

• Including one Municipo.l College. (a) Including three females. lb) Ditto onefemule. (c) Ditto ditto. (d) Dilto ditto. (c) Ditto sit feml'lea.

] ~

J,USI

2,910

.2 :0 • .. k . 'll • 'il .. cB :8i 0-

~a • ~

24 (') 13U (11) 3.10

3 176 ... 7

.. lk)11

.. k)57 11 k)ll 3.1 (k):!4 • • 83 20

2 2

12

12 12

4,195

"" 2,743 • 3,784 •o

6,681 73

32,764. 606

650 , .. 13.1

• • 3

007 s

7.

&o '}6

• 1

487 Ill 11.

.. • 0

"' B "' .!l 'll :s ...

3

67 (i)

H1

422 • 1,168

i,"i46 6

2,M8 33

18,~ . .. 16

j :i • Jl

. "' ~ c t< :l k • .li •

iS ·c ..

• 16 (d)

73 10

409 12

41

688 1'1 • 222 42

i4o t4<i '87 ..

7 136 1M

IS ...

(f) Including one female. lq) Ditto ditto.

!h) Ditto four f~males. i) Ditto one fomnle. j) Ditto two fcmnll's,

lk) Ditto one fcmule.

'3 0 ..

46

280

1,011

... 48

17 67 11 .. • 20 2

• • 3

1,634 11

1,403

t:7ss 6

2,491 42

18,630

I .. = . ~

~ ., "' ~ a ~ ~ ..

870 ...

447 lll 11.

RACB OR CREED OP PASSED SCIIOL.t.BS,

Aborig. inn I

rncos . ---1i

~ ~ •• ~ 3 ~· " .. 0 " • ·c

~ • • 0 B :s .. ~ B 0 • "' ~ ~ .. 'C • • .9 e .. ~

.. 0 ;.; = "' :<! 0

4 1,M3 1 120 21 2 1

'" 4 1',6o7 ::: 101 '4 ... 6 ::: 1 s • 1 2,02::1 ... 407 8 8 28 ... ... 6

13 liS,OOS ... 2,678 14> 8 3252331

'43 "7 ~9 23 ... 1

EDUCATION-GENERAL TABLE VII.

Xll GENERAL STATISTICS.

EDTJCA TION-GEN

Retum 8/,ou:ing the Distribution of Disl1-ict Bom·d and lJluuicipal Expenditure 011

0DJBCTB OP EXPENDITURE,

1

UNIVERSITY EDUOATIOlf,

.d.rt• CollegeB.

E ngllah "' -... ... ... ... ... ...

ScnOOL EDUOA.'I'IOl'l', GENERAL,

Scco11darv School1.

or Bt:ot~B-High schools ... ... ,,. English ... :DIIddlo .. ... .. . { Engli1h .~.

'" Verno.oular ... or Girltl-

High schools ... ... ••• English ... llllddto .. ... ... , .. {English ...

V crnaculo.r ...

Tot.o.l

Primarv Schoolt.

orBt'lyl-Upper primary ... ... ... ... Lcwcr .. ... . .. ... ...

r Girl•-Upper primary ... ... ... ... Low or .. ... ... ... ...

Total

SCIIOOL BD'tJCATION1 8PBCUL.

School• for Spcciallllttrllction.

nnnJn~ Hchoola for maators ... T G T ~ s I ~ 0

uru.trninin~~: cliUI!IOI .. , ... rnlnlnR' Mcboolslor mistrcll8Cs ... lcd\culaohool9 ... ... ... urvo.r tchools ... ... ... ndmltrlnlaollools ... ... ... lndrosMUS ... ... . .. ... thor acllools ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ... ... .. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Total

B F

ulldlm:a urnituro nnii'appO:ro.tus '(~poci~i grni;ts on'iY)

I s

Totnl

~~cction ... ... .,, ... ... ... 11 lnrshu;s holllln- ·

Sf'('Oll nry Jchool! ... .•. ... ... l'rimnry \8 ... ... .. . ... Spocinl sohoo othor thnn tro.ining schools

tiacellnncoua .,, ... ... ... ...

Totnl

GRAND TOl'AL

...

... . ..

... ...

...

... ... ... ... ... ... .. ...

...

... ... ...

.. .

... ... ... ...

...

...

~ ~. .a "' . .s "Q

.ll e • 7,

I •

... --

'16 HB

... ... ... --161 --

8 2

... ... --10 --

... ... ... .. . ... s ... ... --s --

... ... --... --

...

... ... ... ... --... --174

EXPENDITURE llY DISTRICT BOARDS ON PTJBLIO INSTRUCTION.

I • hr INBTIT07IONS lU.IfAG'BD DY DISI'HICT BoARDS,

IN INBTITUTIONB 0

JlANAGED BY e E

• . ~ ·il :;;

:; ,; • .. ~~ 1i 0 ~ a

·~ 0 .. " . • o. :;.., ~ .

~::a •• . . .. .. :i 'J 0 •• ·- o:l • :o -o ... 2 • ,; .. ~ ,; ~ p... ·;; o_ .. • ... •• .. • • "E 0

~;; .0- • ,; • . 0 ~0

-~ ~ • • t 8 ~ "" ~ .. -= J'! 8 ··-'c~ ... ] • e "' li. .,a ... .;

~ . .. . • ;; ·-~ •• ~~ ~ ~ 0. ~ • •• Cl.2 .li~ • ·~ ·a .. 0 0.

~ "' :£ -· s:g ~· e ·~ ·;;; ~ ] 0 •o ·- .o • ~

.. • • ·~·;: i" .:;• • t. 0

0 • .. :ll ~"' .. ::a .. "' "' ... ... ... I s I • I • l • I 7 I 8 I D ·I 10 I 11 I 12 I IS I B I " I 10

Rs. n.. n.. n •. n.. ns. Rs. n.. Ro. Rs, Ra .

... ... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . .. ... .. . .. . ... .. . --- --- -- -- -- ------ -- --- -- -- --- -t,soo

'Dot ·na ... o:Osr; ... s:an ~i.iitt ...

t(4t7 ... ... l,SGO

OilS ... ... .. . ... ... 1,17,683 1,23,718 7,0&1 7,31JO IS,UU6

1 ... 87,Gl7 ... 20,032 4,673 S5 62,857 ... . .. 66,737 l,Ol,3M

... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. . ... . .. ... .. . .. . ... ... ... ... ... .. ... ... ... ... .. . ... . ... .. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . .. ... . .. . .. . .. .. . --- --- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - ----,--- ---8,950 8,3CiS 6,019 ... 43,652 ... 23,903 0,084 S5 74,21-J. ... I ... II,811,2SU 2,29,0fl --·- --------- ---- -- ----- ---- - ---

14<1 2!7 212 . .. ..,, . .. 161 ... ' 8~S ... .. . 1,33,818 1,84,1103 .. .. SB ... 2GD . .. • . .. .. . 271 ... .. . 3,12,602 3,12,b'11

-... ... ... ... ... . .. ... ... .. . .. . .. . . .. ..... 2,240 .. . ... ... ... ... .. .. ... ... . .. . .. .. . .. . 24,08S 24-,688 --- --- ---------- --------- --------'"" "' 176 ... ... ... lOS ... 7 1,12 .. .. . _ ... _!•·•• .... 4,74,302 --- --- ------------ -----

... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. . .. . .. . 873 . ... . .. 8)3 ... ... ... ... .. . ... ... ... .. . . .. .,. .. . . .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . .. .. . .. . ... .. . . .. .. . . .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . .. ... .. . .. . .. . 'los ...

7ll t,{i7s 3,'513 ... 'Soo "Ooo ... 1','iu .. . .. . • •• 200 s:14s m ... .. . . .. .. . ... ... ... ... .. . ... .. . . .. ... ... .. . .. . '" "" ... ... . .. ... ... . .. . .. ... ... .. . ... .. . 03 OS --- ----- -- -- -- -- -- -- ----- --- --- ---1GS 114 7li 1,976 3,1H.3 ... BOB o_oo ... '1,22ll 1,8GS .. . ••• B,SDD --- -- ------ -- -- -- --- -- -- ------

... ... ... ... l,Olli ... ... 7M ... 2,60fl . .. .. . 1,027. 2,04.2 ... ... ... ... 707 ... ... 105 .. . UU2 ... . .. l,.Wll 2,2tl2 --- --- -- -- -- -- -- -- --/ --- -- -- ------... ... . .. ... 2,712 ... ... 8.){1 ... 3,571 .. . .. . ..... IS, 2M --- --- -- ·-- -- --· - -- ------ -- -- -

... ... ... ... . .. ... ... ... ... . .. .. . ... .. . 2,3.6,803 . . .. ... ... ... .. . ... ... ... ... .. . .. . ... .. . 0,1\D ... ... ... . .. ... .. . ... .. . ... ... ... .. . .. . 10,3-W ... ... ... ... ... . .. ... .. . ... ... ... ... .. . ~Ci2 . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. . . .. ... ... .. . ... . .. 80,823 ---- ---- -- -------- --- -- -- --- ---... ... ... ... ... .. . ... ... ... ... ... ... .. . 3,35,003 --- --- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --- ---- ------9,351 8,734! 6,8'i'o1

1,076 50,SIH ... 2-1-,872 8,<13 42 S6,19.Jo l,SG8 .. . 0,03,117 IO,ll1,749 I

GENERAL STATISTICS, X Ill

ERAL TABLE VII.

Public [118ll'uction i11 tile Lorcer Provi11ces of Be11gal for tile official year 1891-92.

,====================================T======-==-i

17

1

7 • 0

1 18

1,70IS tl6{1

""'

EXPENDITURE BY MUNICIPAL BOARDS ON PUBLIO INSTRUCTION.

IN INSTITUTIONS IIA..NJ.GBD DY 'MUNIOII"A..L DO.I.llD8,

1P

b7

1,607 687 017

1 ••

OS

1,1R9 ••• '""

Ils.

1,2-18 IS .,.

•• I· •• I Bs, ns.

78

,,·lS-i 1,-61'7 1,976

ns. Bs.

2,747

27,M7 3,760 2,018

20

IN INSTITUTION' lU.NA.OED DY

so 1 11

ns. Ils. Ill. Ill. Ils. Ill.

3,093 (1,818

00,214 0,21>.5 6,1U7

2,200 ,., 9,Bt7

78

15,Rfl7 29.~11 S,liM l0,7Jl 7,001 ll1:,3:13

.., ·a • :.;

"' ~. t:2 ·c 1l :~ 2

~] f..g . .., -· ~~

~g

3j ~

Ils.

78

~u.2or. J,:U,U!) l,ltl,707

... ... ... ... •.• ••• ... ••• ... ... ... 120 ... ":it5 120 ]!!()

... 1 ...... 9. ···., ..... ... •••• •• ... ... ... ••• ••• ... ... 1160 1 m !l1.6 V- ooo il ooo ooo ooo ooo 252 ooo "' I ),111

~~~~~~ ... -~~-~ --~ ---------------- -----------------------

• 1 ., 60

., ., 36 so

112 .. •• 70 ..

'" 101 132.

4,700 4,818 1,3P,S91 11 11118 ll,d71 3,::·\,M~

" 1sa tat no ..• t,tas ... ... 46 ... 1,21s ... ... s,s75 4,:~~, o,7!t., ··• ... ... ••• ... ... ... ... ... ... ,,. ... ... S,OI:i2 S,OJ:! 2S,tUO ---------- --------- ----------

7 297 283 188 ... l,SSS ... IS• 69 ,.. 1,630 ... ... 23,a:il :H,IISfo 4,UV,2~d ---------- ----------'- -- -- -------------

... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ·- ... --------- --- ---------- ---... ... ... ... '••• ... ... ... ... ... . .. '"co

":ir.o 3.'10 .. , "S.m

""" .,,

"' OliO

··:103 1,0"3

ti:!fo -------------00 .,, 1,221 l,tsl 7,~l~O

·--------------- --------------------4,423 ..... 23 l,O~S

1 .. ~.fo18 B,-'07

- ---------- --;;;s ---. -------.. ;3 -.-.. - ---:.-:-1.108 -;:o;-}O,R:!3 ... ......;;:._,_ ... -··· _":.._ ·- ... . .. ~- ... _ .. --------400 9,&,200

... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 11 fl,l:W ... ... ... ••• ... ••• ... ... ... ... ... 10,3-lll ... ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 7il~ ::: _._ .. __ ._ .. _-=- _._ .. - .. ... ... ... _::._.. ... ... _._ .. __ ._ .. _~ ~~ ..

... I ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ·- S,o668 3,311,361

27 ~~-s:27s 2,161 1,MO 13,982 ... 37,000 680 9,tiU7 -; 6,M7 ,,. -;:;;; ~ ll,:s.t,1t.11 ~--~~--L__:.__J __ ~-L~--~_L~~~~--~----~·-----

T2

xiv G~N~l!.!.L S'IATl~TlCS.

EDUC.I.TION-SUBSIDIARY TABLE I.

Relum of Scllools aided from tho Grant-in-aid Allotment, tlls Oil·cle Grant, the Khas IJ!alu!Jl Grant, District Funds, . or Municipal Fands in tile Lower Provinces of Bengal during the yoa1· 1891-92.

CLASS or SCUOOL8. Noomh" or I Nnmh" or

school•. I •cholu,..

2 3

Pro,·incirLI ruvonues,

•

RBCBIVBD FROM-

Toto.l.

10 11 •Jol• 8 •J ----------------------L-----+-----~----T-----L-----+-----T-----+------+----~-----

A.-GRA.NT·Uf·A.ID BcnOOLS (DBPA.Rr· MENTAL),

TRAINING (For !lnstcrs ,,, ... BcnooLS. i' Mistresses ... • ..

{

1 ;gh EngH•h •.• ... Middle ,. .•• • ••

For Boys ... ,. Vornncnlo.r ... Uppor Primo.ry ... • •. Luwor .. "' ...

(Hi~~:h English ... ,.,

G ,. Vornncutnr ... For irl! "' U ppor Primo.ry ... • .. t

Middlo , ••• • •.

Lowor , ... .. . utbor apooU.t schools .. .

Totml

B.-cmcLB Souoor.s (DEPARTMBMT.A.L).

For Boys

Por Girls

{Middlfl Vornnculo.r

... Upper PriDlllry Lower , ...

{:Middle Vornaoulo.r

,., Upper Primo.ry Lower ., *"

• • 16\l 07 o• " ll1 11 10 20

183 117.

•

210 161

26,·133 8,41U 8,063 1,1151 S,G20 1.075 2,170 1,2118 '1,374 3,867

4ll2

Ra.

4.6~7 2,520

1,10,500 4i,911

. 10,20D 8,941 '1,03-lo

25,339 ....... '1,850

43,106 10,760

2,341 ·~-- ---- ----

870 65,609 3,36,316

2:!2 lOB 16la)

Nil 1 1

8,375 3,71].}

377

27 .,

26,372 0,3 0 1.079

1fT 230

Ra.

...200

23 1

n •.

i~:587 0,9-U 6,387

122 •• '"8so 2,356 l,tll

110

32,593

Ra.

188 73!

,10,160 42,057 41,876 3,200 2,tsD

1,36,868 67,923 3,·HO

10,0bl'i .. , 1,02-lo

7,21,097

Rs.

9,327 6,677

80,123 4 ~.oso 16,681

(),1100

··"" 6,451 ~.8 1 2 ll,!l!S6 69,535 22,f!SIS 3,077

3,23,230

1,411 470

60

Rs.

"2:mm Sl'i,351S 4,679 1,051 1,0..&0

s'2:oa2 23,220 l'i,UB

28,4M 1.~71S 2,2n3

1,37 ,-W2

1,001) HI

Rs.

14,202 12,032

6,70,092 1,41,518

8-1,285 23,008 13,031)

2,00,720 1,00,957

30,018 l,Mo,li!IS

36,706 0,81'iiS

1G,62,16S

46,872 1J,M9

1,5:n

87 230

Total ••• 3~ 12,568 37,093 2-t. S6 23,95-. 1,950 1,'!31 Q.lo,2d9 1----1------------ -·--- ----------------

• o.-GovEa!ntBNT Es·u.rBs' ScnooLs.

For Boys

For Girla

{?.Iiddle Vom11oular

,.. Uppllr Primnry Lower ., ...

{Middle Vornnculnr

... Uppur Prlmu.ry Lower .. ...

Total

D,-RCIIOOLS AIDED DY DIBTRtCT BOARDS 'Cl'NUHB. TIIB 6B.A.lfT•llf·AID fiULB$,

For Boys

For Girll

{ B hrh Bnglieb ... lliddlo .. ... ...

1 .. Vomnoular

Uppor Primary Lower ,. ...

{

Middle EnKIIBll ... ,. Vormwular

"' Upper Primary Lowor ., ...

1 100

1,11il3 Nil

3 .. 1,818

3 480 417 • Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil

48 '1,021

32,138

48 .3J

39,685

Sl9 31,1181 2:1,602 .,.

489 10,088 ·H,8~0

162 , .. 26,283

26

... 403 3,'183

... •• 4.SOO

BOS 1,17,683

60,644 3M

..

.. 102

9,201 47,421 .. •• (10,86:!

3.157 1,3.~.953

66,417 287

122 1,5gi 3,018

81 2

6,474

... 1,25,11S2

00,611'i

·~·

2,9H

s' 8,856 . 2,873

713 21,82·\ 72,175

270 ,., 9.5,777

4.3SS 3,88,173 l,IJIJ,(J().t.

1,087

---------------- ------------ ----------'l'otnl ... 1165 67,107 2S 1,85,3-t.D ... 2,04-,814 1,87,301 11,7BS 5,89,252 1---1·-"'"--1----- ---- ---- ---- ---- --------

• B.-8CIIOOLS AIDED DY 1tl1J'!I'ICtP&LITlB8.

For Boya I n l"h En~ll•h ... .Middle .. • ..

... ,. Vernacular I Upper Primary ... lLower ,. ,.,

{

High RngUBb ... Middle .. '"

... .. Vemneular Upper Primary

\,.Lower ., ·"'

For Girla

Total

••. 8 ... 16 ... 16 ... 44 ... 336 ... .Nil ... 1

1,lSOO 1,202 1.~86 1,9:ill IJ,7SO ..

so 2S2

... 1

Nil ••. , 3 12.11 ... • .. ... l!l 812 2-t. ...

· .... ~- ----u;:-8110 -· --3w --.. -. -

1.600 1,0!14. 2,H6.'i 8,118 6,181 ...

210 1,660

17,003

15,180 4,718 4,\IJJ 3,184

12,Si9

160

72 .. 40,367

2,4:H 2,4:11

4:H 010 908

DO

S5D 1,630

8,873

1,820 9~3

· SS2 .. 1,687.

0

'"750

6,623

21,040 10,080

• 7,u31 7,068

21,907

lS!iO

671 S,\120

72,282

(a) Bselndlng 16 schools with. 381 pupils aided from tho funds of the U"bai'o.ja or Ohotm No.gpur. The total es:peuditure was Rs. ass, or whick. B.s. H7 wore pn.id from feoa, and \be blllnnce lrom sO.bsorlpttons nud ('ndowment!,

• Fractions of o. rupee are omitted. Only tboso schools nro ahown under Um hoodinlt!l (0 nnd E) which draw no grant from any other public source Whl'lro the snme school roceivDI a grant both

from a wwuelpr.Uty u.nd from tboiGovornmont Elltntos' lmprovcmout l!und it i9 returned under tho bond which gives it tho in.rger .income.

For boys

For ~Iris

•·or boys

For girl!t

GE~ERAL STA'I'!Sl'IC'S, XV

EeucATION-SunsmiARY TAHLE II.

Relul'n of E.rpendittlrt from tho Primary Gra11t ill the Lotcet• Prot'inces of Bc11gal duri11g the year 1891-92.

ScHOOLS AIDED UNDER 1'HE GRANT-IN-AID RULES TO BE I!XCLUlli!D,

(a)-STIPENDIARY SCHOOLS.

Rl>CBIVING STJI'BNDS ONLY, REORl\"1~0 OTUEB P.l.TliiNTS ALSO,

Amount Amonnt Amnunt J'IUid iol 0 h CLA.SB OP SCIIOOLS, Number of paid in pllid in

Number of stipend" Number of Nnmh~rof atipe..nds n•wru•,b otter t (It' PAY· schools. pupil! on (excluding acboola, puril!t on (t'X<>Iuding ouruinn.t10n to ID(IUI.! to TolAl paid.

31st Mnroh. ndvnnco 3lat Mlll"ch. ndmuro t~chll.r•. tcAeb"ra, atipend1), stipenilii).

Rs. . ., Rs. Ill'. • •• Ill . { )Iiddle ... ... ... • 80 ••• • 1:lS 21

..~.~ "" ,., Upper primnry ... l,D:US 6P,II12 O,.II,RlD 729 !P,lU f,.'l,S";!I ... :!nl M,:'lill Lower primary ... ... (a)1,7M 152,31{) M,OM (6)1,110 33,liS 37,002 6,6Ul 1,!!31 ....... o

{'Middle ... ... ... 1 11B 120 . ..... ...... "''2-•2 . ..... ...... ""i-rs ... Upper primary ... ... •• l,IJU 3,3:!1) • 77 ,. ""l~o Lower primary ... . .. •oo 11,387 17,000 (dSI 1,{177 2,u;n ~ .. 3,010

Total ... 4,312 I 136,063 I 1,70,617 1,9.."'2 I 0.1,4!!7 I SI,SOS I

10,6<13 ! 3,6S'J w,1ro . (t~} Ex~lush·o or 13 schoob with 3:!~ pupils in the Darjet'limt Teral. (b) Do. uf JS do. with 207 <litto (\it to, (c) Do. of 2 do. with 21 ditto ditto,

(b)-NON-STIPENDIARY SCHOOLS. •

SENDING l'UI"ILI POll BXAlliNATION, Nor BB!fDING l'OI"ILB I'OR •xAlUNJ.TION,

Paym(lnh• IT t 1 ld CLASS OP SCIIOOL!, ;\'nmhor or Amount pnid In

Other P"Y· Numlxor of Number of pupils on rowurds o.fter mt•nts to Total pnld. Nnmb(lr of JlllpilHnn ~oohools, c:.:nminnlion to schools. to wacbcra.l 0 6

po. • 31st March. touchers. tcnchcra. 31Mt Mnreb.

Rs. Bs. Rs. Bs. ... ... .. .... ...... {1\Iiddle ... ""'5!12 20,'~95 "'13,407 ""2~7 1S.ftM ''i','iu ... Upper primary ... ... "' •• !S,BUO OOD,oso 7,u. ... 2,~,UiD 3,733 00,173 S,201

... Lower priwa.ry ... . .. 2,86,0~ . .....

{ 1\liddlo ... ... . .. ...... ""ln1 ...... ...... ""11'10

.. .... .. .... Upper prlmnry ... . .. 1 1110 "i:633 "''Soo ''i',Ouo Lower primary. ... ... . ., 14,679 10,814 12 ..... 7 4,710

Totnl ... SD,Sd2 I 70.lo,209 I 3,00,400 I ..... I 3,18,010 ,,lj!l 79,207 ··"" I Nora.-(1\ "Prh•n.to institutions" of Gf'nl'tnl Tnblo II I aro not lnoludl•d ln tho nbovo rot urn.

12 Frn<"tions or n. rttJWO uro rwgleolod ; tho n• nrl'st rupee llllnkun, 3) Advance stipend!! nre inoludud under f\IW~d•. •

SUMMARY OF PaYMENTS FROM THE PRIMARY GRANT.

To stipendiary schools (al ... ... ... . .. • DBT.ULI OJ' "OTDBB PJ.YXB:fTI,"

non-stipendiary sehoo s (b) ... ... .. ' 11 SChOOlS O.h0li8h0d \JefOr<l tbA t'IOSC or the year ,. chief gurmt nnd mspocting pnndits " CJnminntlon clunges ... -·•

n.. 2.'l'G,Il76 3,23,215

n.:r.o 00,737 ]:S,:!:JIJ 38,-llt

8,017 Sl,ro-t

Contribution• to mlddlo ~Choolll ... Contrihutlona to Kh11.1 Mubnl, Circlo and' otbO'r

" scbohu-ships nnd prizes to pupils " ftl'DDh for buildinKII and 1o.rn•ture :: other po.ymen"• ... . ..

Totnl1•nsm~:~nb

Totnlallotm(lnt for primnry schools

1,87,42B I B,02,oDSI

•chooh ... ... ... ... ... Stlpmuh to gurua in guru-tmlnlns 1cbool1 Commission for monny-ordcr• ,,, ... Oenliugeneit'I&Dd mi$JcllanooLII ...

•rotal

a.. ..... .. s.~Jl

...... "i',iioo

4,:13/l

R•. 1,3~

3,\,D 1."'~3

··"" 1&,100

Sl,fllH

Tntlll Jl"Y' nwnl~ lo

tolltJot•n•lillr.)' twhoul•.

n.. ... 7nt4

U!l.~.!l l,lll,l!~·

1~0 :\,1117

9'1,\lltl

I ~.711,tl;tl I

Total P~1 nwnta to

nun. 111tlpnntllnry

tchoul•.

n.. 1!\,1118

e,o.;,NII.I

. ..... '"' l!'l,r.:l7 -3,~1.~~

~-

XVI GENERAL STATISTICS,

EoucATIGN-SunsiDIARY TABLE III.

Statement shotoing eM E~penditu1·e from District Funds on Sckools maintained by public and private bodies during tke official year 1891-92,

Expondi. 8CllOOL9 :MAINTAINED DY SCIIOOLB AIDED DY DISTlliOT turo from DISTRICT BOARDS. BOARDS, Toto.! DiMtrict Funds in expenditure

schools Number Number of Expendi. Number Number of E'IPl'ndi- from mnintuined scholnra tur_. !rom scholars turelrom District by the De- ol on 31st District ol on 31st Di~triot Funds. pp.rtment. schools, March. .Funds. schools. llarch. Funds.

SBCONDA.llY EDUCA.TION, na. na. Rs, Rs.

High and Middle Schooll,

For boys-

High schools ... 'English .. , ... ... 15 '"oot c:osrs 8 868 1,669 1,809 Middle schools {English ... ... "'' S2,01SO 1,17,6SS 1,23,718

"' Vcrnn.cuta.r ... ... 14<1 7,1l05 37,017 478 24,00 66,737 1,04,3&1.

For girls-

Middle schools {English ... Nil "' VoriULCular ... Nil

Total Bccondnry Schools ... ... 161 8,950 43,052 1,168 57,565 1,86,289 2,29,1).1.1 ----Pnuu.nY EnucuzoN.

Primaru Sc11ools (Vornacular).

For boys-

Upper primliry ... ... ... ... 8 227 GS' 2,773 1,fi0,SOO 1,33,818 1,84,503 Lower do, ... ... ... .. . • .. ... 30,703 o,w;,as~ 3,12,60<3 3,12,871

f~Rirls-Upper primncy ... ... ... .. . ... ... ... .. 1,2-12 2,240 2,240 Lower do, ... ... ... . .. . .. . .. . .. 1,629 25,169 2>,688 24,6S8

Tolo.l Primary Schools ... _..:::._ 10 202 ---,,. SIS,169 8,23,439 4,73,318 4,74,302

8PBCU.L ED11CA..TION.

Schools for Special In1truction.

Tro.ining 11choola tor mn.stora ... ... 87S ... ... ... . .. ... . .. 87S Gnru.tro.inin~ oiiL!ISC8 ... ... ... Dll5 ... ... ... ... . .. "' lndu!ltrlal ac ools ... . .. ... . .. s lOS S;Ms . .. 200 3,74.1 Otller schools ... ... ... ... ... .. . . .. . .. ... • 201 782 782 ------- ----Toto.l Special Schools ... 1,808 s lOS 3,543 • 201 082 0,800 ---- -Buildings ... ..• ... ... ... ... ... ... 1,915 1,027 2.,1H2 Furniture (spoolo.l grants only) ... .. . ... . .. ... . .. 707 . .. . .. '·""' 2,262 ----Toto. I -----... . .. . .. ... 2,712 ... . .. ...... 11,20-i ·- --·-- --------Inspection ... ... • .. ... . .. 2,S.lo,863 1 SecondarY aohoo'iS ... ... .. . ... . .. Scholnrsblps held r'i~"yschools ·•·

... . .. ... ... . .. . .. . .. 9,119 ... ... ... ... ... ... . .. lO,SiG m- Specu~l schools (other than train· log schools) ... ... ... ... . .. ... ... . .. 752

Mi&cellanaous-

CbargO!I for abolished achools ... ... ... . .. 0,880 Do. for conducting emmino.· ... ... ... . .. tiona ... ... ... ... ... ... l'rizes and rewards ... ... ... ... .. . 12,203

Contingonoios nnd miiiCeno.iiOous ::: ... ... . .. ... .. . ... .. . 18,.103 ... ... .. ... . .. 40,277 -- ---- ---- ___:::._ --=.. Toto. I ... 3,3!i,OOS ... . .. -------

•rotn.l Expenditure on Publio Inatruc. tlon ... .,, ... ... • .. 1.868 17. 9,351 50,861 36,331 8,S1,225 0,03,117 10,51,749

GENERAL "STATISTICS. xvii

EoucATION-SunsmJARY TABLE IV.

Statemmt showing the expemlitrtre from Municipal FrmM 011 Schools ma11aged or aided by Mrmicipalities ill tlw Lotter Provinces of Be11gal during 1890-91 and 1891-92.

CLASS OP SC:UOOL.

8ccondar1 Ed~'cation,

For Boys- · High schools, English .•. 1aliddle ., .. .:.

.. ,. vorn11.oulur

ForGirls-Hi~~:h schools, English ... Aliddlo .. ,. ...

,. vornncular

Totnl Secondary Schools ..•

Primary Education, For Boys-

Upper primary schools ... Lower 11 .. ,,,

For Girls-Upper primiU'Y schools ••• LOwer ., ., ...

~otal Primnry Schools ...

Special Inst,.uction. Training schools for mns·

ters ... ... ... ... Training schools for mls·

SCIIOOLS IU.NAOED DY !IUNICII'ALITIBS. I SCHOOLS oA.IDBD DY MUNICIP.u.J.TIES, • 0TIIEB SCUOOL8,

Number.

7 6 •

8 • 6

Number of pupil11 on tho roll:i at tho cluso oJ the

year.

1,653 7119

""' 2,023

a:m 001

Expondituro (rem :.Iunicipo.l

Funds.

n..

6,002 1,!1:!1 l,~li

I

~ ~ ~

Rs.

Number,

..: ~ ~

., 03 ,.

I I

Number of pupils on tho

rolls at tho close of tho

~ :!l

yenr,

"' "' ~ ~

8,172 6,413 7,., ...

Ex~nditnro frow llunicipal

Funds.

n..

lfl,(\{17 ll,!H'!

lO,!S!!S

n..

17.~7 o.~M

10,3iti

Total m::pt•udituro

from llunicip:~ol Fund&.

n..

2-1,(190 ll,iti'J l~,:t:.s3

n..

2~.331 to,;:ut ~~.~

Number.

IO'i 01 .,

Nnmborot pupila on tho

roll!l M tim (l)os<~ of thu

Yt\3r,

97,1S2 7,tlUl 2,U31

27'.~ 6.~11:1

li,~!U:J

... ••. ... ... ... ... 1 1 ~ .a.• to:~ s~ tu!l s~ ... 1 ... 11

... ... ... ... ... I ... 1 1 00 1H 120 120 120 120 ... ... ... • ..

1 1 41 tl2 252 252 0 . D 433 olo23 860 ~1.1 l,Hl 1,111 4 2 20~ ltJ7 r--,-,-:·-- ----

IS 20 2,soo 8,&15 s,MlO 1 s,t48 101 u;o 21,Ga2 SJ,mo 4t,on a..-.,1:13i 4o,rm I t6,tJOt ~'ill 103 87,S:I:l ,33,llt:t ~:-- ----

• 1 • 1 61 67

M 66

li•J I 112 60 ,. 2.816 S,7!J.I ..... 4.706 S.MO ··''' 101 03 7."' ···" tiO tiS 473 7111 HJ,U'J'J 2-1-,747 H,&U 11,1118 8,M 11,011 1,7!7 Dal .W,1LI7 1H,ti00

4 4 100 ISO 1,037 1,103 47 43 1,728 J,7fiU 3,538 S,S7tl 4,m5 4,MS 22 25 1,0':'9 t,tRO ... ... ... ... ... ... 77 HZ 2,-Ht. 2,-w::J s.~ 3,11!1::1 3,5..'!0 a.v~::l ttl7 liD 3,7""" -t,uu

--7- --7-~ --ml.20311.333 M7 ----o2D 23,620 32,83::1 }tl,2US ~ oo.illi~ --;;;;-~,;;;-~ s;;n --- ----

1S 1S

o!~~s-i~~ining'Ct!LSS" ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: ... ::: :::,, :::.,.. ... ... ... •.. ~ ... n ~~ '"ss 'l'ecbnical schoolll ... ... ... ... ... ... ,., .... 2 1 ..... '4;o 'Mo ':i;n 'Boo n o !!•WI !!!~ Othor speoio.l schools ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0 ll-.! 3oS 3\16 s:n 0~1 1\33 ~~ 1P 20 !!,~:!7 2,ilkl

Total Speoiu.l Schools ... - .. -.- --.. -.---... -·--: .. - -.-.. -,-.-.. - --.-~~ ~ ~ l.fD7 ].;111,;;; 1,;1---:;;J --.,-F,IR7 S.liU Buildin_gs aud furniture ... ... ... ... ... tl07 4-,·123 ... ... ... ... 40D l,IDS lli6 li,t~l ... ... ... Inepect10n ,,. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .., ... ... ... ... ... 1~' ~M ... ... • .. Scbolo.rship ... ... ... . .. • ... ... ... ... ... ... ••• ... ... ... ... 11 ... ... ... ltlisoello.neous ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1,862 3,ou ... .. ...

Totnl Municipo.l expeudi.

1

-~ I ture ... ... ... ... 10,330 t3.UM 61,026 0.1,00• 7-1,299 82,3-'M

• lnoludimt Government schools, if in I'<'Ccipt of 31nnlcipo.l grunt.a, t lncludos R.s. U contributed to an uuu.idL'<ltru;tltutlon.

XV Ill GENERAL ·sTATISTICS,

EnucATION-SunsJ

Return of Oul/Pges and Scl10ols for Eu1·opean and Eurasian Scllolar8

PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS. -UNDB8 PUDLIO MAl'lA.GEMENT, UNDER PRIVATE lnANAGBliBNl',

fl!'o.nngcd by Government. I Mono.v:ed by District or I Aided by Government. I Unaided. Munlcipo.J llonrds. . - • ~~ • .!! • .. . .. ;: ... 0 ;: e. ;: er.: ~

Cuss oP hBTJTUTJoss. 0 • 0 ·~ • 0 .::il !i 8 0 •! 0 •• g 0 0

:5!. ,; ;: ... ~ ~ .... § ~ ~ ... • ,; 0 • .§ e . • 5.= ~"' ~.g

. c . IS~ ..,

~ 1$~ .., .. •• ..,

~ ~ .. •• ..,

~ .... 0 0 o;! • o-;: • o• £! 0~ • e o• ! H ~ ... ... ... •"' iii ~~

... . ., ;; ~,. •o ~;; ~.E ~ $.9

~ ""'" .lS.s .. -"·c • ;;

.9 ~~ 8,

~ .s ~ .~ .l!> ~~ 8~ .l!> ·~ S" .l!> . .., 'Oa •" •• . .., •• 'Oc;'; E.g ~ '0 ·~ o., '0 '0 ·~ ".!!> '0 .... .., .., ·"' " .!~ ~~ i

. ~§ a:s • " .o ~-:J t -~ •• t .3 .

~ i oo $0 t= 8~ f• .c ""• ~= ""• e• f .c . e 8 •• ~ 8=: •• . s== • • • ~ I s~ f.)§

~ • ze _.a • ze _.a • •2 •a . ze .<a z ... z .. z z .. ... z ... 1 I • I 3 • ' I· 0 I 7 8 I 0 I 10 I 11 I 12 I 13 I ,. I " I 18 1 17

U:tl\'BRBITY EDUC.a.TION,

Jfrts Collco"'· En8'1ish ... ... . .. ... ... . .. ... ... ... . .. . ... ... . .. 2 212 187 uu • 7 7 7 ----------- -- --- --- ------------------ ---------

Sccrmdaru Schools.

r ForR0/13-- English 1,1'1S 020 000 sso 821 ..4 H•~h schoola ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . .. 7 1,0:51 • ~ Middlo .. ... ditto 1 •• 81 81 ... .. . . .. . .. 0 ... 818 640 1 .. 76 110 : For Glru-

English 770 2 108 ~ 1 Hi•h ooboola ... ... ... . .. ... ... . .. . .. . .. 8 830 ... 101 178 M1ddlo .. ... ditto ... ... ... ... . .. ... ... . .. 17 2,0~ l,D.W l,C29 2 100 1M 100

" -- -- --- --- -- --- --- - --· ------- --- --- -0 Total Socondory Bchool1 ... 1 DO 81 81 ... . .. . .. . .. ., 4,910 4o,l'l94 3,823 10 1,3741 1,230 1,168 ~ -- --- --- --- ----- --- --- -- ------------------ -~

~ j Primary Schoors.

"'I For Boyr- 241· ~ Upper primary ... . .. ... ... ... ... ... . .. .. . ... .. . 8 ... 102 ... ... ... . .. ~ Lowor ., ... ... . .. ... ... ... ... ... . .. . .. . .. 2 7S 6:1 •• . .. ... ... . .. ~ For Glrlf-

\. Upper primory ... ... ... ... ... . .. ... ... ... . .. 8 ss• 311 230 ... . .. ... . .. ----- - ----- --- ------ --------- ----------- -Total Prlmo.ry Schools ... ... ... r-=--···- ... ... . .. . .. 10 &IS 603 .... . .. ... . .. . .. -- --- ------- -- --- ---. ------ToTAL ov CoLt.EOEB AND ScnooLs 81 1 81

+,<IS, Oli' PUDLIO 1NSTR'O'CT10M ... ... 1 00 . .. •o 15,'170 !S,SM 12 1,881 1,243 1,17~

GENERAL STATisTICS. XIX

DIARY TABLE V.

in tM LIJWOI' Provinces of Bengal f••· the official year 1891--92 . .

.c NUUDBR OP 8CJIOLJ.RI5 Oil CUSSIIIC.I.TlOK OP BCROLU8 Olf rmr 31ST" Of lfABCn .ACCO.BDllfO u

= 'l'llB :ibT OP )1 ARCD

TO IU.OB OR CRBBD. :01 LBAB.NINO-

15 . ~ = 1 ;; .. i "' • . B ;; ·c · Abori«inea. ... ti a .f

.z w w RElf..\RIUf.

.9 . 0 ~ ·• .. c a

~ li, 2 0 .8' . .

~ • • .:. ... = ...

~ ~ = . .s .s .. ~ " .3 j 0 :1 "' . ~ :i -l! 15 ~ ·e j

... :1 i .. .

~ :s ] a :3 !i -~ = 15 15 s ,.; ~ ~ ·c

..8 ..8 i! .. a j tl !! "' "' i ~ ·=- • -2 ~ a . 2 -=~ "' .a . • • a a e a • .a • • ~-.. il .. • tl 0 0 • • " " "' ... ... "' = "' "' "' 18 I 19 I 20 I 21 I .. I .. , I .. I 2. I 26 I 27 I ... I OSh I ·""' \ \

-- ·--.. 30 I " . .

• 219 210 210 ... ., •• '"" • 20 ... ... 3 • . .. ----- --~ --- --- --- --- --------- --------------

12 2,193 2,1~3 l,H! 276 1,941 ~· " ... •• ... . .. .. " .. . 11 ,,. 07• 76 , .. .... .. 2 ... 1 . .. ... . .. "" . .. 10 ],091 1,021 ,. 81 .,. .. • ... ... ... .. . 20 . .. 110 10 2,B46 ..... ... ... 2,100 .. 7 ... ... ·- .. . 0 . .. ... - -w-,-.-.. --------- --- --- ---.. o,:ra 6,3711 l,G91 461 o,ow 100 .. "' 110 .. ~ --------- --- ---

. 6 .. , .. , ... ... 232 2 ... ... .. . ... . .. 7 '" . .. • ,, ,. ... ... .. 6 ... ... ... . .. ... . .. " . ..

. 8 .,. 935 ... ... ... 13 ... -· . .. ... ... .. . . .. , .. ------ ---- ------ -------- ------ --------------

16 ""' ... ... . .. ... " ... . .. .. . ... . .. 7 00 12& ----. ~---- --- --- ----------72 7,241 7,t41 l,RlO .. , 0,717 ISS ... • 82 ... ... 77 JIB IIIlO

XX

0DJBCT8 OP E::tPE~DITURB.

UNIVERSITY ED'O'CA.TION:

Art. CoUtJgos.

English

CIIOOL EDO'CA.TIOII', GBYERAL.

8ccondaru Schools.

Por IJoys-High sohoola taliddlo "

Por Girl8-Hhch sohoolll Middle

Enp:llsb D1tto

En~llsh Ditto

Totnl Secondary Schools

Por Boytt-Upper primary Lou·or "

J'or Gir14-Uppor primary

Primarv BchoolB,

....

Total Primary Scho~ls

Bnlldings (see note VII) ... ... ... . .. Furniture t.nd o.ppn.rtLtus (apecial grants only)

Jn11peotion {soo note V) ... ... ... Scholualupa hold in eocondlll7 schoole

Jliscollanooua-

Charges for o.boliahod BC.lmols Contingunoi01 and miscelluuooua

Total

Total

TOT.U. EXPBlfDITUBB ON PUDLIO l:KstRUCTIOlf

GENERAL STATISTICS.

~ 0 0 . t ~ .

~· ~ ~ • u ·r: :s £ • "' 2 3

Rs. Rs.

15,804

EDUCATION-SUP.Si

Re/;11-n of Ezpeuditrtre on Public Instr11ctio11 jo1· E111·opea118 and

PUBLIC INST( ____,___

UBnEn PtrDLIC M.UJAGBMENr.

Mo.naged by Government. Managed by District or M unioipnl Boards,

~ " • d d Q

~ Q

"' 4 ..,.

~ ~ ~ "' . 4 li 0 t il • • !l .:! e • .:!

i • .. ~~ :a " 8. ~· . eo u ~ 'E ·S ·~

l • ·E " 0@ :3 ~ 0. ·r: ·a iii $• ... = • '§ 'liii £ .~ • &: • oo ~ :.1 "' "' .. "'

=a "' ...

4 • 6 7 8 9 10 11 IS I 13 I H 13

Rs. Rs. Bs. Bs. Rs. R~ Rs. Bs. Bs. Rs. Rs. ~

29;oos

lS,6Dil 20,003 --- -- --· ------.--------- -------------

-"'-!....:::....

--------- --------... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . ... ---- -------------------1-----_ .. _... _ ... _ ... __:::_J

- ... - -.. -. - .. -. - .. -. --.. -. ... ... I'... -:::- -.. -. - ... - - .. -. -::.- -.-.. - ' 13,aM - ... - -:::- 13,6llll -=--.. -. -29.0031-... --:::--... ---.. -.- -:::-:- -... -~ j

• Includes Rs, 450 from pro t This iuoludes solo proceeds

GENERAL STATISTICS. XXl

DIARY TABLE VI.

Eurasia11s in the Lowe1· Provinces of Bengal for tl•e official yeaJ•l891-92.

TUT!O:'IB-

UNDBR Pmv.LrB l\lA.N.&.GBl1Ell'r. Toru EXPBYDitrRB PROM:-

Aided by Government or by District or Municipal Boards. I Unaided.

" " nnASD • • REli.LRII. " "' TUUL. li 15 15 l!i • .:j "' ., • ~ • ~ ~ • " .

.:j Q .; "' ~ ~ :i 1l li .. • • e .a • ~ •• •• c ~ a :! :; .. • .. • .. 1 . 1l ·e u .. i~ '6 ;s t • .

3 3 • :~ ..,

·~ ~ ·s ~ .1! ~ ~ o. ·;;: ~ ! 0

'lls .., 'lli • :ii • ~ • ~ £ ~ .. "' .. "' .. .. "' .. "' :>!

16 I 17 I 18 I 19 I 20 I Bl I 22 I 28 I .. I .. I 26 I 27 I 26 I .. I so I Sl I ss I " Rs. Rs, Rs, Rs, Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs, No. Ra. Ra. Rs. Ra. Ra. Ra. no.

0,000 ... ... 14,771 ... 10,019 40,S£10 OO,RSB ... 48,0'10 1,11J,ltU1 0,000 ... .. . 81,407 M,f•D~ 1 ,1'.."1,7()! --- ~ ----- - ------ - ------ --- ----•

S0,57S ... ... 1,23,1lli 1s.sas 17,827 l,St,SSS &,407 2<0 28,0<0 1,08,'13:1 so,tns ... ... 9,M,I\22 M,l\:!1 v,r.a,mn 1U,SU4. ... ... 12,913 12,SD7 2,11!0 o6-i,3JS l,HO 3,ti'll ... 6,611 :l:J,lDS ... ... ~.3.\::! l!!,:W7 71'1,1.47

20,219 ... ... l,S.J.,oo.t. 1,&&8 1S,<z..l3 l,flD,OH 42,81\.'i S,'Sn

z..,o.to oo.oo~ 2o,gtu ... ... 1,77,:\IID Sll,231 2.s.t,RtD 88,776 ... ... 07,702 28,1170 23.~eo 1,68,667 4,100 ... 8,o:n 38,176 . . ... 'il,Mtl:a M,ll\ll l,tOil.tll•~

------- ---------- ---------- -----------------------1,00,461 ... ____:::_ S,S8,2M 67,183 ISG,910 3,1')7,797 1,3-\>,17:! 8,02ll <l7,0!'16 1,89,280 1,1U,7& ... ... <l,!I(I,IU6 1.~.~10 7,711,1•1!\ll --- ~ - --- - ---------

s,ss~ ... ... 2,307 3,994 837 11,030 ... ... ... ... s .... .. . . .. 2,307 •.s.n 11.030 607 ... ... 873 ,. ... 1,110~ ... ... .. . ... tl07 .. . . . tl73 •• 1,0.:0:!

6,0!10 ... ... 3,86!1 4,898 ... 14,4-iS ... .. . ... ... &,OM .. . . . ..... 6,621 U,·UJ --- - ------~ ---- - - ---- ------------ ---0,6,5 ... ... 7,10~ 8,909 1,466 27,024 ... ... ... ... 9.6-~ .. . . .. 7,106 10,374 B7,o~• - --- - ---~ ~ ---- --------- ------- ------

18,1500 ... ... ... ... .. . 18,1500 ... ... ... ... 18,1'100 ... .. . ... .. . lR,IIOO 1,4$6 ... ... ... . .. .. . 1,<30 ... . .. ... ... l,U6 ... ... .. . .. . l, .. JIJ

--------.-- ~ ~ --- - ------- --------- ---19,DS6 ... ... ... ... .. . lD,DSG ... .. . ... ... 1D,D36 ... ... ... .. . lii,V:W .- - ~ ~ - - ---- - ----- - -------

... ... ... . .. ... ... .. . ... ... ... ... H,lml ... ... .. . .. . l·t'I7D ... ... ... ... ... ... .. . ... ... ... ... t,l33t ... .. . ... .. . f,la3

... ... .. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. . 121l ... ... ... ... 121)

... ... ... ... .. . ... ... .. . ... ... •tJO .. . ... ... .. . '"' --- - -·-·-"- - --- - ------ - ------ ----lD,tlu~ tD,et~

--------- --- ---------------- ---------- -------1,41,042 ... ... 3,60,110 00,002 77,003 O,t!i,lt7 9,00,808 i,O'tS O!i,76t S,M.tiill!i 1,7tJ,i138 ... - &,H,Ill7 9,4e,IJ70 O,i8,4Jt

vinciiLI revenues. held in primar~ !IChools.

u 2

XXll GENERAL STATISTICS,

EDUCATION-SUBSIDIARY TABLE VII.

Return of tile Stages of Instruction of Pupils in Public Schools for General Education for Europeans and E«rasians in the Lower Provinces of Bengal at tile ei•d of tl•e official year 1891-92.

~

I I UPPBR PRIMAKY I a HIGU SUGB, MIDDLB SrAGB, Suos. LOWBB PRI1U.l1Y 8TA.GB.

a 0

~ Comprising all pupila C-omprising all pupils Comprising all pupils Comprlsln~ all pupils who bo.vo who hu.vo 'lfwcd not p!l8Se beyond tho Lower

who bavo t'usod be.:yond tho ppcr who have f:~ed Primary Stage. • beyond tho ower beyond the wor :l Bt.>condo.ry (~Iiddle)

Pr1mo.ry Stngo, but :Pr1mnry Bt.u.go, but Tor.A.L. Stngo, but have not bavo not ptLSSed have not ta.suJd

0LAU OP SCIIOOL!, ~

g fi:I.Sl>(!d tho llt11.tricu. beyond tho Ltnver beyond tho pp~r Rending printed Not readinf

~ tion Examination. Secondnry (Middle) Primary S"'ge. books, printed b~o s.

"' "' Stngo,

~ • "' - I I I '<; '<; 1 I 9 s • • • . .

2l . , "'" IGirla., Totn.l., Boys.,Girls., Totu.l. I BC?ya.,Girls. Total., Boys.l Girls.,Total.,Boya.JGirla.,Toto.l. Hoya.JGirls.ITotal,

a s~ • z::~ Boys • z

8BCONDA.BY SOJIOOLS.

Baya' Schoola.

High English { Aidrd ... 7 1,173 OS ... OS s;o ... 376 816 ... 8!5 246 6 252 lSI 0 137 1,161 1ll 1,172 ... Unnidl3d ••• • OdO 178 ... 178 308 ... 308 230 ... ""' l2U .. . 120 .. ... •• 000 .. . ...

{Government 1 00 ... ... ... 21 . .. 21 '8 ''26 38 28 ... 28 s s 00

iOs 00 Middle .. ••• Aidod ... 0 820 ... ... .. . 102 221 1<7 173 150 170 228 10 ,., 717 820

Unaided ... 1 "' ... ... ... 16 ... 16 ... ... 20 18 ... 18 • .. . • "' .. . .. -- ----- -- ---- ------------ -- ----- -- -- -- -- ----'I'otal ... 23 3,107 '"' ... 271 1,002 ..

--'---1,031 700 •• 782 071 .. 606 392 .. 417 2,90B 110 3,107

• Girla' Schooll.

High Engliab {Aided ... 8 830 ... .. .. 3 251 ... 7 100 197 27 160 177 46 100 162 83 707 830 "' Unaided ... • 191 ... 17 17 1 63 .. ,. .. 63 • 28 3l 13 12 .. 33 168 191

Aliddlo {Aided ... 17 2,087 ... ... .. . ... ... 380 ... ... ... 102 .. . 15M ... 477 709 400 1,68'1 2,087 .. "' Unnldod ... • 160 ... ... ... 12 12 • 20 25 ,. 21 S6 29 " 86 .. llO "' - -- _:::_ ----------- -------- -- -- -- - --Total ... 20 3,267 111 If/ 30 lf/0 700 If/ 632 740 148 631 779 320 ,. . 072 .,. 2,702 3,267 ---------------------- -- -- -- -- -- -- - ------ --Total SecondiU'Y Schools ... •• 6,374 271 67 338 1,032 """ 1,731 828 708 l,Mn 719 600 1,886 712 077 1,389 3,liri7 2,617 0,374 -- -- -- -------- -- ----------- -- ------ -- -- -- --

PBIM.t.RY SOIIOOLS.

Foro BOIJI,

Upper primary ... AI dod ... 6 2<1 ... ... ... ... .. . .. . 27 8 .. ... 21 67 82 07 139 160 80 241

Lower .. ... Aldod ... I 72 ... .. . ... ... .. . ... .. . .. . .. . • • 10 .. 8 62 •• 13 " -- - - ------ ---------- - -- --------------SiS Total ... 8 318 27 8 •• 5I 26 77 IS<! ~ 201 21 • 99 f-- ---

For Girlt.

Upper prlm!Lry ••• Aidod ... 8 ... ... ... ... .. . ... ... 17 66 78 3<1 G8 •• 72 96 168 1 .. 210 335

-------- ----- ----- ------- ----r------------Total ... 8 ... 17 .. 78 36 .. 94 72 •• 168 120 210 ...

Total PrimiU'Y Bohools ... -- r.n ~ 10 016 :-=- .. .. 108 S7 ... 208 101 """ 389 300

QR.&l'D TOTAL (POR SECOND• 1- -

ARI' AND PRIMARY 8CROOL8 } 00 7,4122 271 07 338 1,082 000 1,731 867 772 1,6:19 800 750 J,ISII6 020 838 1,71S8 3,696 3.126 7,022 All UC GBNBR.AL 'l'ADLB V (A).

CLASs oP scnooL8.

High sollools {Government ...

... Aided ,,. UwUded ••• t Government ...

Middle English ... Aided ••• UnBided ...

{Government ... !Iiddle vernllCnlar Aided ...

Unaided ...

Uppor primnry 000 000 000 000

Lower .. 000 000 000 ooo

Jdiscello.nooml (privo.te) OoO 000

Total ooO

--

Bigh schools {Government ....

... Aidfld ... Unnidcd .. .

{Government .. .

Middle English ••. Aided .. . . Unnided ...

{Government ...

)Iiddle yerno.culo.r Aided ... Unaided ...

Upper primary ...

Lower

Numb~>r of schools.

rn 174 lllS

1SS 47S

'"' 1 .. 832 106

3,001

46,132

{ 2117 ss ----

62,0:W

8 .. 18

'its .. 1S

187 16

087

4,0SS

GENERAL STATISTICS.

EnucATION-SunsiDIARY TABLE VIII.

EXPBNDtrURB PROJI-Number on tho

Provlnoinlol rolls. District I Municipal' funds. funds. Foos.

11S,4D3 1,1h~,soo 120 0,7M 3,18,488 2t1,D63 92,8~ 1o809 1!1,007 8,0~.177 ...... ho ·- 000 41,to,S76

2,893 .0 ... 6,035 1,8::!7 12,927 4u,IWO 29,UJI 1,17,6S3 9,2-W 1,70,HI! 13,0117 000 000 • 40,809

11,101 7,004 37,01'1 IS,387 s~.sss 4-i,SBl M,3ti6 GtJ,i37 s.on 1,3:2,\139

0,:!41l 000 OOo 000 H,&S

l,oi3,S87 8!1,217 l,S6,7.a3 O,S61 1,96,S11

1,016,726 1,13,00-5 3,37,550 1&,~ JS,-18,908

0,817} 3112 1,40,968 6,390 1,!81 46,&158

---- ---- ---------1,8~o,8oS 6,01,~1 7,10,771 78,2G6 80,3.,678

PRESIDENCY DIVISION.

1,1107 s,turs 2,776

i,97s 2,0:1:6

,.7 1,061S ...

20,2'15

1,23,'179

24,{1311 21,748

10,749

16,00!

000608

16;926

60,101

'"too

1,678

.o: .. 2'T 1,786

.... 7 S3D03 ~317

29,387

1,64,880

I Other IIOurc<s.

9l,S61 1,20,001) t,1l,IS~

9,011 1,69,&53

611,8&l

0,11! l,03,:S:l8

l6,11tN

1,03,979

S,OS,OM

6S,Sl!S

----12,&7,006

1P,210 IS,7:U

7 .. 2G,i\'20 »,W

liS,StlO

O:l,di7

I Total.

6,00,001 !i,~l:n7 C.,Ul,DOS

!P,ts• t,PG,IIq

110,70S

""0""'

3,1\\,516 :U,l!IIS

IS,Dl,Oll

21,11,169

2,7!,.518

---&7,68,&17

.. 0.., l,6.1,li8

M,lOl

9!1,!1.1-t 13,!178 .

7,1(1()

9o.'t!lt1 ..... 76,<M

2,00,t0()

... _{ :.; :: } 23,636 ... 360 1,07& ------------o---1---1---:--1---1

!liscellllneoua (private) ......

XX Ill

BBlU.RU.

------0------~--~----L---~--~--~--·~--~----L------Total 6,673 1,71,~ l,U\Ml l,lol.'11S 12.,221 .,S9,ol21S 2,07,81Hi ti,!UI,ao..

CALCUTTA

{Government ... • I,M9 44.1H8 ooo 000 f8,ol52 £12,(ltl5

H igb so~oola ... Aided .. .' • 021 ..... 000 000 &,mt t&.Hll · 311,11H

Unaided ... .. 13,860 000 000 000 2,40,6-&0 ...... 2,ti6,7uG

. {Government ... • 3S3 4.,MD •• o OoO 2,020 '1,706

Middle Euglish ... Aided ... s 320 0:10 000 216 1,!170 1,418 •.uo Unaided ... 8 ..1 000 ... OoO ..... ,. . 6,181

{~overnment ... 1 ... 2,411 OoO s,ou 17;71&

fi,-&3\

Middle vernaculBr Aid~ ... 20 2,8li7 6,173 000 498 lD,Oll 44,21'7

Uno.ided ... 3 307 .. .. 000 000 1,608 .. ..... Up):er primo.ry 000 o•O 000 000 IS. ..... 2S,8ll8 000 226 8,861 61,90...8 os.oos

Lower .. OoO 000 ... ooO 208 0,687 7,<153 ooo 1,4<13 u.~s 8,41JS .1,008

llisq_ellaneou1 000 ooO ooo ... 16 76S 13,798 000 000 ,, ... 10,706 81,847

Total 000 ----------------· ---------... 811,917 1,08,922 000 .. ... 3,69,018 1,71,206 0,51,168

.

BURDWAN. ·-

{Government ... 7 lo8S4 ..... . .0 ... ss.sns 6.106 41\,211&

High schools ,., Aided ... .. 8,400 2.5,~:1.6 i,'io1 o.~o 1,00,6116 !.R,3118 l,Ut,;I7

Unaided ... 18 3,tli 000 ... ... 20,IUO 3ti,U.0 67,t:.6

{Government ... 8 ... 18 1,611 1,166 6,161 .,. P,fl!7

Middle English ... Aided ... 1 .. 9,tl7 3,&79 ...... l,ti® 46,4~11 ~.r-2.4 t,lll,lll'J

Unaided ... .. 3,061 000 ... .. . o.u.JS 11l,Od8 ~~.~·

{ Go•ernment ... 20 ],405 8,218 1:46& t.tJUI 761 tl,llitJ!

Middle vernnoular A lded ... 1 .. 7,9M 0:•23 Jt,771 :U,Ol-6 19,3~ ISoil,ltJl

Unaided ... 1. ••• 000 000 000 •.:•n ........ 4,3)jf

. 10,810 3l,'lt1 2,607 ...... 20,270 1,1D,lUO

Upper primary ooO ooo 000 ooO ... 32,615

Lower ooO 000 9,120 2,tt,t7& 9,321 7•.SO• ..... 8,18,280 3!1,768 t,40,188 .. ... ooO

Mi•etolhlneoll8 OoO 31 7 .. 13,6l1 ... 180 798 8,1104. !.1,27& ooO ooO ooo -------------- I 1,00,001 111,~ 0,20,181 !.11 ,Mil 10,03,680

Tota.l 000 10,G6G 9.8&,03i '11,369

xxiv GENERAL STATISTICS.

EoucATION-SunsrDIARY TABLB VIII-continued.

RAJSHAHI.

EXPll!iDITUBB PBOU-

Number Number on REMARKS, CL.LSB OP BCDOOLS, of schools. the rolls.

Provincial., I I District I Municipal Fees. Other Total, funds. funds, sources.

{Government ... 8 2,243 H,613 ... 2,988 38,297 2,168 ll6,061 High schools , .. AldOO ... • 1,407 6,063 . .. 1,230 12,206 9,202 28,791

Unaided ... ! 137 ... ... . .. !81 3,9Ul 4o,182

{Government ... 3 377. 1:485

68'2 ... 1,787 &66 3,035 Middle 'English ,,. Aided •.. 68 4o,MO. 13,068 632 16,018 21,8SS M,lJSl

Unaided · ... .. 920 ... ... ... 1,382 7, ... 9,227

{Government,,. 27 1,'122 493 IS,471S ... 4,910 1,087 12,429 lfiddle vernacular Aided ... 98 4,90' 1,«6 12,878 102 9,056 12,04:1 S6,1Sl7

Unnided ... 11 ... ... ... .. . .61 2,006 2,657

upper priJlUU'Y ... ... ... .. . .. , 14,047 4,560 18,736 .. , 17,2ll9 12,100 IS3,7M

Lower " ... ... ... .. . 2,610 63,800 IS,887 37,128 1,111 70,7(/1 22,0D3 1,36,921

llisoellaneou• ... ... ... .. . 2S .20 17,185 S,MH .. . 940 3, ... 25,669 ----------Total ... 3,2M 95,410 I 49,'l.U 92,..., 7,1'l8 1,73,40i 1,00,428 4,23,146

PATNA DIVISION.

{Government ... 7 2,612 15,8SS ... 4;165 57,749. 3,627 '17,209

High schools ,.. Aidod ,,. 10 1,800 ..... ... 19,1121 12,203 41,828 Unaided ... 21 4,709 ... . .. . .. 43,630 27,4-58 71,088

{Government .,. s 104 801 ... 700 212 2,076 ldlddlo BngUsb ... Aided ... ... 31 2,079 2,920 .,203 2,082 ,,686 12,283 30,264!

Unaided ••• 11 607 ... ... . .. 1,516 4,3li7 5,873

{Government .. "' 2,100 168 0,852 1,632 4,300 2,038 lS,llSIS lliddle vornaeular Aided ... . .. • .. 1 . .. 3U9 ... 619 1,56~ . ....

Unaided ... 13 700 ... . .. ... 61 """' 4,091

Upper primary "' "' ... ... 106 0, ... 5,120 14,777 930 8,068 4,1Sl ...... Lower

" ,. ... ... ... 6,032 132,060 4,906 4 9,080 2,912 1,61,821 65,020 2,Si,639

lliscoll aneous "' ... ... . .. 17 1,086 2i,Sl7 <78 '131 6,620 H,572 43,'118 ----·---------- ---- S,t2,761j t,o;,ssS ---Total ... 6,388 108,300 67,23iJ so,wo 1S,S59 6,16,3M

BH.A:GALPUR DIVISION.

{Government ... • 1,113 11,269 120 1,100 28,131 2.~73 SM02 High school• ... Aided ... • .8. 2,6l!9 ... ... 6,281 6,714 14,989

Unaided ... 7 l,GIS8 ... ... . .. 17,207 9,019 26,2l!6

{Government •• • soo 2;o8T

2,482 1;213 306 "'' 3,221 Middle English ... Aided ... 27 1,627 f,3:i6 6,076 10,004. 24,666

Unaided ... • l82 ... ... . .. '" 1,427. 1,9!i2

{ Government ... 18 1,167 746 3,412 887 s,sos m 8,875 Jd iddle vern~~oculnr Aided ... ... 20 981 1,513 1,966. . .. B,S59 1,912 9,097

Unn.ided ... 2 178 ... ... ... ... "" 730

Upper ptimnry ... ... . .. .. . 102 8,303 9,ok3 8,2it ... 11,467 H,IM >13,080

Lower .. ... ... . .. .. . 3,013 61,3'2~ 12,009 24,202 l,lM 1,04,611 9,796 1,11i1,761

Miscellnneous ... . .. ... . .. 7 212 1,030 108 . .. . .. 1,642 2,870 ---------------------------Total ... 3, ... 77,612 41,6u6 44,955 5,721 1,76,660 57,881 3,26,8:!3

CHOTA NAGPUR DIVISION.

{Government ... • 1,000 10,128 ... ... 15,523 1.S30 27,486 B Ish school• , .. Aided ... • 1 .. 1,402 ... ... 1,216 1,818 4,526 Uuaided ... ... ... ... . .. . .. . .. ... . .. {Government ... . ..

i)7f :;:1561 ... . .. Middle English .,, Aided , .. 21 ... ••• 1;8so 14;mso 25;170

Un~ided ... 2 ... ... ... ... so "" 276

ll iddle vernacular {G~vernmont ... 16 0'6 4.145 ... SS3 971 077 6,026 Atdcd ... 16 Ob2 2,e4G . .. ... 1,571 1,97:! 6,857 Un~ided ... ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. ... . .. -Upper primary ... ... . .. 126 5,SS7 10,&19 ... 4!8 t,OGS 10,894 ·2.5,699

Lower .. ... . .. ... 1,827 49,726 44,1M 263 31,056 2!,330 07,803 . .. ld. iscellu.ncoua ... ... ... "' 20S ll,7ll! . .. 2,281 '1,043

Total 2,088 I ,-.. -. _ .. _. ---=--... 00,4US &:>,340 2,822 1 66,265 M,862 2,01,795

CLASS OJ SCHOOLS.

{Government ... ·High schools ... Aid~d ...

Unaided ...

{ Go,.ernment ... Middle English ... Aided ...

Unaided ...

{Government ... Middle vernacular Aided •••

Un&ided ...

Upper Prim!ll'y ... ... .. . Lower .. ... ... .. . :Y:isoollo.neous ... ... ...

Total ...

High schools {Government ,,

,., Aided ... Unaided ...

{Go\'ernment ...

Middle English ... Aided... . .. Unu.ided ...

{Government ...

Middle vernacular Aided ... · Unaided ...

Upper primary ...

Lower

Mlacfllaneous

Total

{Government ... lligh schools ... A1dod ...

Unaided .,.

{Governmont ... )Iiddle English ... Aided ... ...

Unaided ...

{Government ... Middle verno.eulo.r Aided ...

Unaided ...

Upper primary ... ... ... .. . Lower .. ... .. ... .. . . MisceUa.neou! ... ... .. . ...

Total ...

GENERAL STATISTICS.

EnuCATION-SUBSIDIAI\Y TABLE VIII-concludnf.

DACCA DIVISION.

Number I Number EXl'BNDJTt'RB PBOll-

of schools. r· the rolls. Provincial. DiRtrlct I Muniripal I funds, funds..

0 1,116-l l1S,S67 ... "' 21 S,70S 10,324 ... 2,S91 17 ·fi,107 ... ... ... 1 llO

I:ooa 23;sot 300 110 0,332 1,.ao1 .. 4,000 ... ... ... 17 l,S87

16:279 2,067 1,174

22.'l U,700 lO,lSD 307 30 1,867 ... ... ...

700 28,8& f,!l!S 9l,W S09

6,660 140,021 6,100 45,lH8 SS>

18 l,lM 29,577 1,3!7 ... ----- ----- ---------7,876 20S,470 8:1!,867 l,ll4o,3U5 O,SS7

CHITTAGO:NG DIVISION.

• 7 0

1 •• .. 10

100 a

S70

IS, 2M

10

3 • ... 3

29 7

10 20

2 ... 0,773

so ----7,181

051 1,399 1,007

18 2,177 1,0!16

780 -11,789

706

11S,OSO

115,146

1,042

"" 787 ... 170

1,7~6 S03

.. I 1,318

so 8,132

99,601

316 --··-113,71»

7,372. 3,1.6i

l,lM 298

·,;; ... -11,817

4,213

IS,4W

1,1119 4,788

12,180

32,1fl

... , "'1M

06

70

llO

ORISSA DmSION.

6,6~U ... ... 4,0i0 ... 8-10 .. . ... .. .

203 4~8 ... 2,247 0,<90 ... ... .. . 9

8,749 ... '2:790 3,602 180 ... ... .. . ..... 10,7-W 1,606

3,350 211,280 470

1B,G28 603 ... -------40,167 60,775 3,!00

Foos.

Sd,9-•2 40,:\W Oli,Sbi

'"' 37,910 9,0Jl

II,R78 211.~37 4, i-66

S3,tHI

1,70,163

!~,1M

4,6:t,1lM

1D,UU 'l7,Hl ll,t,ll

7:r .. ~:,2 . .... 2,V11

ll!,M:i 1,570

21,327

1,05,4.75

3,<SS

1!,116 7,076 ...

m• ••• ,2

0119

000 1,165

20

9,183

1,9.5,707

1,HI

2,32,862

I Oth~·r IOUrct>a,

2,0~

9,37/i 111,1:0

M::t.'" 16,~

"" U,2M 4,113

1s.:us ~.vn ...

1,00,888

1,0711 3,747 2,1106

e:tot 6,~:!.

107 •• 111.5 1.~:s

t,M!l

33,0111

11,082

., . .... ... 128

8,Ul 1,408 .. to,!lt.-1 ..,, 2,820

33,333 ... ~.715

W, J, .t other~-Reg, No, S.SOJ-:5§:5-!.·lolM.S,

I

'

-

Total,

M • .v-. .. G::!.,\1-td 7~.u~n

~!\.,,

s._q,l)t~

~.~

10,,'!!1 (l..\,l\)0

s.~'S

7 .. ,700

!!,86,807

M.2~tl

8,13,\tiH

!!7,RU 2.3,U~:!.

lt,1-l7

1,114 JU,I.U 11,-l!i.G

4,AA7 90,076

2,liiiJ

-'!,911

1,7S,SOO

20,0®

111,700 16,~16 . . 1,6-'l.'l

21,::no 2,116

4,1H~ 13.-IXtl

"' 20,Sll

1!,08,006

20,007

8,82,'116

XXV

RElURU.

I

GENERAL DEPARTMENT.

EDUCATION-No. 323T-G.

DARJEELING, THE 24TH OCTOBER 1892.

RESOLUTION.

READ-

The Report on Publio Instruction in Bengnl for the yenr 1891-92.

Sir Alfred Croft, K.C.I.E., was in charge of the Department of Public 1' r . Instruction throughout the year 1891-92. As he

re •m•nary. took furlough from the 5th April, the report for that year has been sub1uitted by the Officiating Director, 111r. C. H. Tawney, c.r.E., and has reached Government in due time. In accordance with the orders in force, which prescribe that details should be examined more fully in alternato years, the present report is considerably longer than its predecessor.

2. There has been a satisfactory increase in the numbers of pupils under . . instruction, viz., from 1,336,886 to 1,392,371 in

Number under mstrucbon. bli · t't t' d f 132 0"7 t 130 59' ' pu c 1ns 1 u 1ons, an rom , a o , * 1n private or indigenous institutions: total 1,468,943 to 1,531,965. At the same time the aggregate number of public institutions has risen from 52,563 to 53,956, while private or indigenous institutions are 13,868 instead of 13,387: total 65,950 in 1890-91 and 67,824 in 1891-92. Among the schools classed us "public institutions" which adopt departmental standards, the number sup·

·ported or aided by public funds has risen from 43,670 to 43,972, and tho unaided schools from 8,893 to 9,984. In the various classes of institutions there w.ere the usual fluctuat-ions, but it is noteworthy that the numbers of pup;Ia in recei.J?t of university and secondat·y education diminished, w~ule prnnary educatwn attracted more students than before. The decline in the number of lower primary schools, which had been continuous for four years, has not only been arrested, but the rebound has ·carried the ·figares nearly up to the highest streugth previously attained. The following statement shows the facts for five years-:-

Number of Number of Lower l'rima.ry pupil•. ecboola.

1887-88 45,596 991,110 18H8-89 44,R54 982,126 1889-90 44,146 9G0,914 1890-91 ... 43,998 942,24-1 1891-92 44,920 987,918

At the same time upper primaries are more numerous by 121 and their pupils by 6,780. Female schools increased in number from 2,270 to 2,743, and their pupils from 49,638 to 57,801. Arabic and Persian schools recovered to a slight extent their losses previously recorded,_ whorelli! element~ Koran schools, which declined in 18&0-91, more than regruned th01r strength m 1880-90. In commenting lust -year on tho figures of the census of 1891, it was mentioned that whereas the number of male and female children of school-going ago had incr~ased in ten years by between 6 and 7 per cent., the number of boys at school had advanced by 54 per cent. and of !\'iris under instruction by Hl6 per cent. From further calculations on the reVIsed census figures it appeurri that, of the children of a scho'ol-going age, 26•2 of the boys and 1·7 of tho brirls 1\ro at school. Education in llcngal has therefore a large field for the extension of

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its operations, especially among the lower classes, so that any advance in primary instruction is gratifying.

3, The net Government expenditure for the year exceeded the sanctioned . . estimate by R s. 33,679. The actual excess was

Fmancwl results. Rs. 57,571, but the receipts exceeded the estimates by Rs. 23,892. As has been previously explained, the Accountant-General each year reduces the departmental budget by a large amount on account of probable savings, whereas the departmental authorities are unable to effect all the savings anticipated by that officer. No blame attaches to them, so long as they keep within their own budget, while trying to secure any feasible savin~. The Accountant-General's attention was invited last year to the Directors observations on this subject, and will again be drawn to them. The total expenditure on education in Bengal, including all disbursements from public and private sources, such as the fees and contributions paid to the University and m all public schools and colleges, amounted to Rs. 93,52,000 as compared with Rs. 85,74,000 in the preceding year, an increase of Rs. 7,78,000. The expenditure from· Provincial revenues rose from Rs. 22,26,000 to Rs. 24,96,0001 an increase of Rs. 2,70,000; and that from all public sources, including district and municipal funds, rose from Rs. 32,67,000 to Rs. 36,29,000, i.e., by Rs. 3,62,000, The private expenditure rose from Rs. 53,07,000 toRs. 57,23,000. Collegiate education cost more ·by Rs. 45,000, secondary education by Rs. 1,78,000 (due to the re-inclusion of the figures for unaided secondary schools for Europeans and Eurasians), primary education by Rs. 1,66,000, and female education by Rs. 1,06,000, chiefly from private sources. Under the last two heads district funds contributed Rs. 45,000 more than last year, and municipal funds Rs. 5,000 more. It iq very unsatisfactory to find that, while municipal funds contributed Rs. 46,000 (though less than last year) on secondary education, so small a sum as Rs. 17,000 was spent from the same source on primary education. 'rhe construction of a new building in Calcutta ~or the Government School of Art added largely to the sum spent on buildmgs.

4. . Sir Alfred Croft was on tour for 65 days, inspecting colleges and

C t II. . schools, and conferring with the local officers.

on ro mg agenCies. Th L' t G h · h Offi · ' · e reu enant- overnor trusts t at t e cmtmg Director will be able to complete the full amount of inspection which the Head of this inlportant department is expected to perform. The .time spent on inspections by the inspecting staff of the province throughout the year is exhibited in the following statement and compared with last year:-

1890-91. I 1891-92.

DESIGNATION OF OFFICERS. Number of Average num- Number of Average num•

- officers. ber of days. officers. ber of days.

1 2 3 4 5 .

Ins~eotors .. , . ... 5 147 5 ]57 AsSIStant and Joint-Inspectors ... 9 137 9 143 European Inspectors ... ... 2 86 2 65 Detuty Inspectors .. , ... 43 167 44 169 Su -Inspectors ... ... 191 199 193 208

In near·ly every class there is an improvement. Mr. Bellett . and lllr. Reuther did specially good work in their circles; they were 204 and 176 days, respectively, on tour away from their head-quarters. The Lieutenant~over~or. under~tands that the work of the Inspectors of European Schools hes prm01pally m Calcutta, where most of these school~ are situated; and hence a large number of days need not be spent by them away from head-quarters. The Inspector of the Eastern Circle gave more of his trme to the Chittagong

c 3 )

Div~ion, ·but he still appears to ~evote himself too much to the districts nearer to hrs head-quarters. T~e penods spent on tour by the Deputy Inspectors vary from an average of lo6 days in Orissa to 195 days in the Patna Division. If the Deputy Inspector of Patna llabu Bhao-wan Pmsnd could visit 514 schools in 248 days, it is unsatisf~ctory to finl that in th~ six districts of H?oghly,. ~owrah, !>inajpur, Jalpaiguri, .Faridpur,. and Balasore the prescrrbed mrmmum of I aO days could not be attained. So also in the case of the Sub-Inspecto~s. Babu Um~s Cha!l~~a Basu, Board Sub-Inspector of Ran~_ghat, has aga~n he!lded the hst by vrsrtmg 447 schools in 262 days. No sufficrent explanatron rs offered of the failure of the Sub-Inspectors in Chota Nagpur to ~omply 'Yith ~he standing orders that they should spend at least 2qo days m the mt_error of the country, and visit 40<1 schools a year. The L_re!l~enant-Governor rs not conten~ that the average for the officers in each drvlSlon should meet these requrrements, but would desire to be furnished in future with the names of the individual officers, Deputy and Sub-Inspectors who fall short of the standard of work. He leaves it for the present to th~ Director t? take. proper . no tic~ of their de??iencies. Last year the 9!0 chief gurus and mspectmg pundrts pard 270,388 VlSlts to schools: average 287. '!'his year 921 of them p~d 280,916 visits: average 305. The Lieutenant-Governor last year expressed his approval of the plan of substituting inspectinrr pundits for chief gurus, and it may be inferred from the above fio-ures that some improvement has been thereby effected. The observation quoted by the Director that great care should be exercised in the selection of these otlicers, commends itself to His Honour's approval.

5. Sir Charles Jj;lliott would have been glad to have received from tho Director a fuller account of the share taken by the

· . District Boards throughout the Province in the work of education. As they constitute a link of the chain of Government in this respect, it is important that their services should be properly utilised and their co-operation sought for by the Chairmen of the Boards. liir. Tawney reports that the Boards have gradually learned during the last six years to wo1·k in harmony with the Department of Public Instruction for the advancement of education, So far as the District Boards have been mentioned, tho notices of them are generally satisfactory. In the Presidency Division the relations between the Boards and the Deputy Inspectors have been perfectly cordial. 'l'he luspector of the Bihar Circle writes in the same strain, and similar reports have been received from Chittagong and 01·issa, while no complaint ill heard from Dacca. In Maida the proceedings of the District Board arc unfavournbly criticized; and in Bankura the Board is said to be dilatory in the despatch of business. The Director should communicate promptly with the Commissioner in such cases, He has done right in naming the District Boards which have been unpunctual in submitting reports and statements and in innking payments. The Chairmen of the Boards in question will be reminded, through the Commissioners, of their responsibilities for such matters of routine business, as t_he Lieutenant-Governor looks to them to carry out the orders of Government w1th

. regularity in this as much ~s. in other d~partments of. th~ a~ministration.

District Bonrds.

With respect to Local Boards 1t lS stated, agam somewhat mdifimtely, that the delegation of education work to them has been attended with varying succosll. The information regarding them is meagre : in the few cases referred to they are said to control primary education within their limits. The few D!lltrict Committees still existing appear to meet very seldom for tho transactiOn of business. . ..

1 6. The number of colleges stands at 34, the same. ~s last y~ar, dJVrued into-Government 11, mumcipal 1, aided 7, and

University education. unaided 15. It is not to be expected that there should be much change in these numbers from year to year. Tho . st~dent;~ on the lists are returned as 5,225 instead of 5,232 last year, a vanatwn of no significance. The aided colleges have, taken together, lost 81. students. The Government colleges show an increuse of 16 students. Tl~e lii~dn~po~e college had 46, instead. of 50, youths under instruction. Tho unmded mstitutwns have attracted 62 more than last year, and nearly recovered the numbers. then recorded as lost. The variations in the numbers of the succes8ful candidates

( 4 )

at the University examinations during the last five years are shown in the following statement:-

1888. 1880. 1890. 1891.

E t 1 932 1,153 2,156 1,710 n ro.nce ... ••• • · 50 2 7 Percentage of success... 45·8 24·2

996 4 ·

First Arts .. , 481 . 629 693 Percentage of success:.. 39 27 36 36

Bachelors of Arts .. . 823 366 399 231 Percentage of success... 40 34 40 29

Bachelors of Law 238 187 254 128 Percentage of success... 66 52 70 63

Masters of Arts 51! 62 57 46 Percentage of success... 52 50 45 36

1802.

1,643 40

1,011 44

280 24 48 27

1. A comparison of the tables shows that out of the 2,415 youths reading on the 31st December 1891 for the F. A. examination, so many as 2,310 attended the examination: the proportion was lowest in the aided colleges. The increased number of candidates depends on the higher number passing the Entrance examination two years previously. The percentage of successful candidates has it may be seen, risen from 36 to 44. In Government colleges the percentage'was 53, in aided colleg~s 39, and in. nn!lided coll~ges 4~. The most ·successful college was the BraJamohan Ins~Itut~on at Bar!Sa~, which sent up 43 candidates, of whom 38 passed;. only one fmled m mathematics, and none failed in English: · Among the candidates for the B.A. degree, the percentage of success has continued to fall from 40 in 1890 to 29 in 1891, and 24 in 1892. · Comparing the groups of colleges· the ratio of success appears to be as follows:-

A course. B course. Total.

Government 25' 58 33 Aided 19 40 20 Unaided 18 3a 20

Total 20 47 25

It is · satisfactory that only one failed out of the seven candidates in Physiology and Botany. More than half the candidates sent up from Bengal colleges failed in Philosophy, and an explanation is offered that the students read notes and abstracts instead of the works prescribed by the University. The Lieutenant-Governor is inclined to believe that a similar surmise might be hazarded in respect of other subjects besides Philosophy. Of the 128 candidates for Mastership of Arts, 46 passed, as compm·ed with 57 out of 127 last year. The figures illustrating the ratio of success in the statement above are curious and il;nportant, as they prove that the F.A. examination is becoming easier every year, while the B.A. and M.A. examinations are made more difficult, thus illustrating ·the oscillation of the pendulum and the varying fortunes in different years. It appears that, since the great reaction which followed the severe pluckings of 1889, the tendency has been for the Entrance examination to grow harder, the First Arts to grow easier, and the examinations for B.A., B.L. and liLA. to grow harder. The Lieutenant-Governor, in the Resolution on the report for 1890-91, expressed his OJ?inion that efforts should be made to secure uniformity of standm·d, and that this could only be attained by continuity in the examining body. He is not aware whether the Director udd1·essed the University authorities on this subject, or whether any notice has been taken of his remarks, but he trusts that the matter will not be forgotten. It seems to· him that; while it is proper that examhi.ations for University degrees should be so severe as to make those degrees genuine titles of honour, it is not judicious, nor in accordance with general policy elsewhere, to oppose many diflicultics in the way of those who desire to matriculate ; and in a minor degree the same may be said of the First Arts examination. The facts given in pm·agraphs 41 to 58 regarding the colleges separately are of interest; but no reference has been made, as should have been done, to the disgraceful theft of Entmnce examination papers from the custody of. the Principal of the Patna College, and the extent, if any, to which the pupils were implicated; the final report in the case has not yet been received by Goyernment.

( li )

8. The total expenditure upon collegiate education has increased durin"' the year from Rs. 6_,62,377 toRs. 7,~7,,104-a rise of nearly Rs.-!5,000. Of th~ amount the expenditure from Provmcml revenues has risen from Rs 2 69 850 to R;s. 2,92,686, the fee receipts from Rs. 2,61,308 to Rs. 2,75,505,' a~d' the receipts from endowments and other sow·ces from Rs 1 31 219 toRs 1 38 835 'l'l I P ··1 · .,, .,, . , 1e c_1arge on rovmCia reyenue IS near~y 41·4 of the total expenditure. 'I he ~Ieutenant-Governor desrres to be furmshed with an explanation of tho total mcreased charge of about Rs. 24,000 for Government colleooes on Provincial. r~ven?-es. The whole of this sum can hardly be attributable t? the varmt10ns m the number and pay of. the ~fficers on duty in successSIVe years. Increased Government expenditure m one collcooe, throuooh the transfer thereto of more expensive ofiicers, should entail ~ coiTCsp~ndinoo economy elsewhere, but the facts are that in Government colleooes the tot~ cost has risen from Rs. 4,00,726 toRs. 4,32,736; and of this suu1 the charooo on Provincial revenues has risen from Rs. 2,43,757 to Rs. 2,67,845, whil~ tho receipts from fees and other sources ha\'e increased from Rs. 1,56,969 to Rs. 1 ,64,891. Perhaps it may tnrn out that there is some inaccuracy in tl1e table from which these figures are taken, which treats the total expenditure on u. college as equivalent to tho receipts from different sources. Thus the lllitlnapore College received Rs. 1,950 from Government in 1890-91 and nothing in 1891-92, but it did not necessarily spend less on education, because it omitted to draw the provincial grant during the year. From the figures, however, as given, it appears that the annual cost of each student in a Government college increased from Rs. 23 l-12-3 to Rs. 238- J 3, and the cost of his education to Government from Rs. 140-15-8 to Rs. 147-13. Last year the Lieutenant-Govei·nor noticed with gratification the diminished cost of the Presidency College, but this year it has risen from Rs. 79,836 to Rs. 1,08,968. 'l'he cost of the whole number of collegiate students for the past five years may be exhibited as follows:-

1888. 1889. 1590. I591. 1592.

Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Average cost of each student

in n college in Dengal ... 143 124 138 129 127 The Government share thereof .. . 63 50 55 · 52 62

The net result of the last two years is that, though the average total cost of a student· has somewhat .decreased, neverthel~ss the cost to Government is practically the same •

. 9. 'l'he number of candidates who took up the A or Literature course has risen this year from 667 to 967, whereas the students of the B or Science course are more numerous by

182 to 140. The increase in the former case has been 45 per cent. ; in the latter, 30: thus showing the greater popularity of the A course. On the other hand, the percentage of success is 20 in the A course, and 46 in the B course. Mr. Tawney adheres to Sir A. Croft's view that the usual preference of the best students for the Science course has again manifested itsAlf: he ad verts to the fact that, of the 52 holders of senior scholarships, 22 have chosen the A course and 29 the B course. His conclusion is that, as a general rule, serious students are apt to prefer the B course, but he admits that some diligent students have a marked preference for the literary course,. arising from the natural bias of their minds. In the Government ResolutiOn last ycur, the various comiderations on either side of this question were discussed: on the one hand, the Director's views were set forth, and the want of nl'l'angements for teaching Science; on the other hand, tho notion that tho A course conduces more readily to appointments. 'l'he present report shows that, at any rato, in one of the unaided colleges, that is, in the City College, a strenuous attempt is beino- made to teach Science, and it is hoped that the new chemical laboratory, which "is in course of construction at the Presidency College, will to some extent remove the difficulty tlmt science ~tuden~s have l1itherto exper.icnced. The Lieutenant-Govemor does not feel qmte satisfied that the best stud_en!s embark on the Science course for the sake of Science, and not because It IS

the easiest course in which to obtain a degree; if this were not ~h~ case, and if students took up the Science course for the lov~ of _the study! 1t_1s prob~ble that they would pursue it after they leave the Umvers1ty ; but It IS notonous that this is very rarely the case.

The B or Science counP.

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10. The main statistics relatin"' to secondary schools for the past :four years are co~taiued in the following statement:-

Secondary cduca.tion.

Number Number Publio Private Total. of of funds. funds. schools. pupils.

Rs. Rs. Rs. 1888-89 2,319 200,124 6,01,539 19,34,506 25,36,045

1889-90 2,366 201,452 6,0~,294 20,11,672 26,19,966 1890-91 2,393 199,105 G, I l,OlG 20,62,859 ~6,73,905

1891-92 2,285 194,178 5,9i,84G 20,87,904 26,82,750

The decrease of 108 schools and 4,927 pupils is said to be more nominal than real owing to the reclassification of 88 primary fund middle schools now returned 'as upper primaries. 'l'he numb.ers of th~ pupils in. the high. En&'lish and middle En"'lish schools are compamhvely stationary, while the loss IS chwfly confined to mildle vernacular schools. 'l'he decrease of the contribution from provincial revenues and municipal funds, especially the latter, is satisfactory, accompanied as it is by an increase in the expenditure from private so.urces. This is consonant with the policy of Government to set free funds for pl'lmary and female education by withdrawing from secondary schools as far as possible. In connection with tl1e grant-in-aid system, by which Government assists 1,565 schools to the extent of 28 per cent. of their expenditure, the Director points out the difficulty, for want of means, of helping the 453 unaided secondary schools on our returns : the applications for ·renewal of grants-in-aid are thoroughly examined and revised so as to admit new grants, but little can be done. 'l'he Lieutenant-Governor, however, is not anxious to afford any special assistance to these middle schools, and certainly cannot place more funds at their disposal to the detriment of p1·imary education. The high English schools have increased in number from 351 to 356, but the number of pupils is practis_cally unaltered, being 75,300 against 75,587. At. the University Entrance Examination 1,643 boys passed, as compared with 1,710 in 1891, and 2,156 in 1890, the percentage of success being 40 instead of 42 and 50, respectively. Thus the ticle of suc'tlcss o£ these schools has continued to ebb. 'l'he failures may be partly attributed to the want of preparation of the candidat~s, and partly to a specially difficult paper in English; but History and Geography proved more generally fatal than .English. Mr. Tawney states his belief that there is a natuml aversion to historical studies in the Indian mind; and this opinion is certainly supported by the fact that works of history are but rarely produced iu this country, and little aptitude is shown by Indian students for research · and the verification of facts. The Director has supplied some new tables of statiMtics for zilla schools, dividing them. into (a J schools attached to college~ and under the control of the .Principals, or (b) zilla schools of the first, second or third class, supervised by the Uircle Inspectors. Thes~; classes indicute whether the schools have oOO or more pupils, between 300 and 175, or less than 175. · By a system of merit-marks based on the results of the Entrance Examination, it is shown that the collegiate schools have, as a class, fallen off, as well as the zilla schools of the second class, while the others have improved. In Calcutta the Government high English schools maintained for the benefit of native students, did better than last year, whereas the unaided schools were less successful. In accordance with the request of Government, the Director has supplied some info.rmation as to places where Government zilla schools exists alongside unmded schools of the high English status. '!'here are 49 high English schools for boys maintained by Government, of whinh 12 are attached to c_olleges and are accordingly governed by special consid.erations. 'l'he remain· ing 37 are distributed throughout the nine divisions. In four of these d~visions, viz., llurdwan, Rajshahi, Orissa and Chota Nagpur, there are MO unaided lugh English schools at the stations where the 15 zilla schools are situated.· 'l'he Director has examined the possibility of private enterprise taking the. I!lace. of the other 22 zilla schools. The local circumstances require considera!lOn ~n e_nch case; and the Lieutenant-Governor cannot concur with :Mr. Tawney In thmkmg tlmt It must ~eccssarily follow that where three schools, viz., one Government and two unmded, at a place have more than 300 pupils each, the.

( 7 )

Govel'nment zilla school should be maintained. Some other remarks of Mr. rr:awney's, su~h . as those about making over a zilla school to a jointcommittee .of a D1stnct llo~rd and 1\Iunicipulity, for instance, seem to show th~t .the Drrector ~as not !J.Ulte understood the Lieutenant-Governor's mind on t~1s 1mporta_nt pomt. H1s ~Ionour's view is that opportunities for obtaining h1g;h educat10n must be provided for those who desire to use them. It ill not stnctly the duty of the Government to provide this class of education at tho cost of the public, but in this respect, as in many others, tho Government hns felt ?ound to !l-et 11;8 a pi~neer in sh?wing the wny in which the object can be reahsed, a~d ;n ~hmulatmg the des1ro for t~e object.. When it hns performed that duty, It IS time for Government to retu·e from Its self-imposed tnsk, In other words, when private high schools exist and flourish when there is a sufficiency of educated teachers aud of youths desirous of hi"h education anJ ready to pay for it, the maintenance of a Government higlt"' school supported by public money is au injustice to private enterprise and au uuecessary load on the shoulders of the State. The Lieutenant·Governor's view is therefore

· that when such conditions exist, the Government should alto"other withdraw the zilla school where a pl'ivate school exists on a solid basis, llo quito 1·ecognises that, to avoid loss to Government and the incubus of a number of supernum('rary teachers, the process of withdrawal must be gradual; but the true remedy for this difficulty would be that the service of the teachers shoulJ not be pensionable. A special paragraph should be devoted in future reports to recording what has been done by Government, year by year, towards carrying out this policy of retiring from direct p1·omotion of the higher education. ·

11. It is to be regretted that the results of the middle English and ""ddt 1 h 1 middle vernacular scholars!Ji~ examinations are >UI 0 c ... 8C 00 .. • f . t I f h . I . 'd m er10r o t 10se o t e prece m g year. t Is sn1

that tho candidates in the middle English are generally more successful than those in the latter examination, although the course of studies is harder; tho Lieutenant-Governor has read this statement with some surprise, us the standarJ of English attained in the former is not very satisfactory. lie accepts us sound the objections offered in parngrnph 78 of the report to tho middle examination curriculum, and will be prepared to consider its revision whon submitted to Government. Orders have been issued during the year for the encouragement of drawing in schools, but the scheme cannot be broug·ht into full operation until the supply of teachers available is consi<lernbly augmented • .At .the last Entrance examination 141 candidates took up drawing, of whom only 9 passed: it is presumed that tho effect of the teaching of the nowly· appointed drawing masters at the training and other schools haJ not hnJ time to be felt. The Director is requested to furnish in future a separate table showing the cnndidates at the Entrance examination, from the schools which have obtained drawing teachers, and the measure of success thoy may achiovo

12. In the separate paragraphs regarding each of the colleges, tho Director . . . has given some interesting details of tho gnmes

Phystcal t•·ammg. played by the boys, of the clubs organised by them for athletics, of their drill and gymnastic exercises, and inter. collegiate comp?ti· tions annual sports, and other means adopted for the furtherance of physw~l educ~tion. The following account is given of a corresponding movement xu tho principal schools :-

"Mr. Bellett says tho.t the head-master of the Bogm Zilla School remarks th~t physiool exercise has a very great effect in k~epi~g the boys em.ployed. and. away ft;om ?vii comp!'ny. It is interesting to find a head-master m thi~ ~ou~try tnkmg !hi~ vww, whwh iS, I bel.ievo, one generally held by educational. autho~ihes m Gr~n~ Bntam. I have already described, in the section on University educat10n,- with what av~di~Y th~ collt•ge students havo tukon to physioical exercise in all its various forms : an~ it IS sat':'fac~ory to lt•am that the same spirit has manifested itself in schools also, accordmg to thell' hunted resources. A rule was laid down that when half the costs of buying g,rmnastio appnmtus for z,lln schools could be locally raised the other half would be sup1~limentcd .by gra?ts from the su~plus funds. Most of the zilln schools ava·led themselves of this conoesswn durwg theyear. Pnvato schools nlso hnve shown commendable activity in this respect, nnd whore fun~s are not amilable for buying C<•stly npparatns, indigneous gnmes are encouraged. l>rill_, whore introduced, is no longer looked upon with dislike and out-of-door games nrc more indulged

h ,

in than was the case some two or t ree yenrs ago.

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The Lieutenant-Governor regards this develop~ent as yery encoura!?ing. He sees on every hand a great increase of the zest wrth whwh these nat10nal English games, especially football, are playe~, and he l).as co~stantly on tour watched the performances of the boys Wlth the greatest mterest. He has noticed how much more the Bengalis take to these exorcises than the. Biharis: even in the Bihar zilla schools he has observed that the most proficwnt boys are Bengalis by birth. He looks forward to great improvement in the physique of Bengalis in the course ?f one or_ two gen_erations_ from !h~s. source. In the interior of the country no difficulty lS experrenced m obtammg space for the boys' games, but in <;Jalcutta the opposite is ~he case. Three Coll~ges for European boys (St. Xavrer's, Doveton, and Armeman) and two for Natrves (Presidency and IIIadrassa) have been allotted sites for games on the Calcutta :Maidan by the Commissioner of Police; but most of the private schools in Calcutta find the distance of the llfaidan and the want of playgrounds anywhere near the bo;rs' homes an insurmountable obstacle. 'l'he Society for the Higher Training of Young l.\Ien has given anxious consideration to this subject, and, though the difficulties and cost are great, does not despair of providing a ground large enough for tho schools which are too far off to use the IIIaidan. His Honour is aware of the enormous value of lund in Calcutta, as shown in land acquisition proceedings, but he feels confident that there are public-spirited and generous individuals among the wealthy landowners of the native commu· nity, who may be trusted to come forward and promote the welfare of their race by providing means for its physical improvement.

13, The Lieutenant-Governor is glad to read that discipline has markedly n· . r d

11 • • improved in all classes of schools (paragraph 83),

"c•p mo •• morn rnmmg. and to a certain extent his own observation bears out the remark. But it shows a rather sanguine feeling when Mr. 'l'awney goes on to assert that "nearly all that it is possible to effect by departmental influence is boirig done to improve t.he discipline in schools." Sir Charles Elliott is satisfied that many of the high officials of· the Department have this object sincerely at heart. But he wishes that it were generally accepted by every Principal, Professor, and Teacl1er in a Government college and school, that his relations to the students should not begin and end in the lecture-room, but that he should endeavour out of school hours to acquire their confidence and obtain an influence over them which should last through their lives. His Honour has observed with great pleasure bow many of tl1e staff of the Department devote themselves to joining 'with their boys both in athletic games and in intellectual pursuits which lie outside of tho ordinary curriculum-of the University, and he believes that the kindly leading and influence thus exorcised does more to trian up the students to be gentlemen and scholars, useful citizens, and loyal subjects of the Queen, than a wilderness of moral text-books could do,

H. Another most valuable influence operating in the same direction is

D di h that of boarding-houses, and the expressions oar ng· ouscs. d b "1 T th" t' · h' use y "' r. awney on lS ques ron m rs

paragraph 85 have the Lieutenant-Governor's complete concurrence. The want of poarding-houses, or of decent lodging-houses, for the 4,000 (or so) students m Calcutta is the crying evil connected with the present University system. It seems almost inconceivable that such a system should have been allowed to grow up, and that no provision should have been made for the proper housing of so large a body of young men, the flower of the youth of_ Bo~gal, who. are turn!ld lo_ose _in Calcutta to find .wh~t lodging they may,· w1th little e.xpenence of life, w1th httle power of cornbmahon, and surrounded by temptations of all kinds. At Cambridge or Oxford no University student is allowe.d to live except in a licensed lodging-house, the keeper of which is bound by stnct rules to permit nothing immoral and to insist on regular hours being obs_erved. In Calcutta, unless the young men live in the houses of relatives or m the few boarding-houses pr?vided by the authorities, such as the Eden· Hoste~ and the ~Iadrassa Boardmg-house, they are obliged to make up parties of thmr own to hrre houses, and fill them as full as they can hold for economy's ~ake. ~ot so much care is taken of their living in healthy and decent surround~ mgs as rs taken by Government for the pilgrims to Jagmmath under the Pud

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Lodging-house Act: I~ th~ Universit~ ?r the Municipality of Calcutta cannot move to remedy this evil, Su· Charles Elhott trusts that somethinO' will be done by the action of the gentlemen who form tho society for the ni(l'her 'l'raiuin(l' of Youn1:1 l'tfen, who may be able by l?cal knowledge and friendly"' infl.uenco t~ frame a hst of the most decent and sUitable lod"'in0'-houses and indicate them to new arrivals and deter them from occupyii~.,. those which are objectionable or. from over crowding those which are otherwi~e suitable. Such help as thi~ w1Il. doubtles~ sav!l many 11: young st~dent from contracting seeds of disense ansmg from msamtary conditions or ev1l habits to which fuey are now liable and which may embitter and empoverish their whole lives.

15. The fluctuations in the. numb.ers of the boys receiving primary Primary education. educatiOn durmg the lnst five years are shown in

the following statement:-

Year. Upper primary. Lower prlm~~or.r.

Number of schools. PupilJ. Numbor of 8t"hooll. --=---Pupu, .. 1887-88 3,026 112,323 45,595 991,099 1888-89. ... 3,077 115,4S5 44,85-J, 982,126 1889-90 3,337 124,568 4-!,145 960,~65 1890-91 3,537 128,537 43,997 9-12,211 1891-92 3,661 135,371 44,918 987,948

Not only has the increase in the numbers of upper primary scl10ols and pupils been sustained, but the number of lower primary schools has shown a recovery, and for the first time for some years the down wanl tendency in tho number of their pupils has boon checked at last. Tho total rosult is a not gain of 1,045 primary schools and 52,499 pupils. As l\Ir. Tawney explains, tho fluctuations in the numerical statistics of primary schools depend on such various causes-and similar causes in different parts of tho country produce dissimilar effects-that the explanations of the variations must be looked for in tho details rather than in the totals. The state of the public health, the price of foodgrains, floods, or drought, in fact all the agricultural circumstnnces of the year, combine with the changing resources of the District Boards, nnd oscillations of lo9al policy and classification, to influence the results. But after all tho principal reason for the increased numbers has been the fact that more mouoy has been spent this year on this branch of education throughout the Province; if adequate sums are disbursed the usual results ensue as a matter of course •

. The expenditure incurred from the primary allotment by tho Department and by District Boards on account of schools for native boys and girls, and of the subsidiary inspecting agency, is compared for the last two years in the following table :- ·

D.!SCBIPTION or 8CIIOOL8,

From Provincial revenues. I From District Fund•, Total,

189MJ1. lfi00-91, UOl.W.

1 3 • • • 7

Ro. lb. n.. Rs. Ro, B.l.

Stipendiary scllools ... . .. ... ... . .. ...... 01,'700 1,92,-&al 1,17,010 2,R.CI,211'7 1,7o5,G7B Non.stipenriiar\' schools ... ... ... ... 27,1i01 :h!,076 I,SD,tu7 i,UI,\20 I,W,'l'o8 a,tJ,tWI Sr'hools aboll"hAd before tho close of tho yon.r ... S,'Ul 3,807 7,7tl0 7 ,611!) 11,001 11,370 Chiof JUrus and inspecting pandita ... ... ll,S.'J!I U,tll3 St,t:>• '18, ,, .. 01M7 00,731 Er.p,mmation chllrgcs ... . .• . .. ... 1.176 1,036 11,1:!4 12,2•13 1~.311() lJ.~J(J

SC'holiU"llbips and prizes ... ... ... . .. 7,6.>3 7,376 17,tH7 20,0Gii 2.">,no :u,u .• Grant_. for buildings and furnitm·o ... ... 4,1H3 7,000 4,0:12 l,Ull H,:lU ~.UI7

O~e1• payments ... ... ... ... . .. 7,63J 8,=133 20~ 2.~.31.11 St,078 3t,G>• ---~ ------ ----Total ... t,67,liU l,W,GIJ3 &:70,61.15 0,17,700 7,3r1,0()1} 7,!17, .. :!8 --Allotment ... ... ... .. . ... . .. 1,7~.025 1,78,7fl8 O,H,® 6,23,Mn '7,02,11~.-l 8,f'r2,1tfl'l 8rwings ... ... ... "' ... .. . 21,11Uo U,l30 a•,..:J• 11,:.;.1) c.o,v~ 1•,070

These figures show the increased expenditure on primary schools both by Government and by District Boards: they show also that the allotments were better worked up to. The Lieutenant-Governor is glad to see that the DiMtrict Boards have spent less on stipendiary schools and more on pa~m~nt-?y-r;_csults schools. He fully appreciates 1\Ir. Tawney's comll?-cnt on, the. di!nu~utwn Ill tho savings from Rs. 34,43-! to Rs. 5,534, when he wr1tcs :-' Tins mdwatcs a real improvement in the !ldininistration of the Boards. Whenever tho year closca

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with a heavy unspent balance, it means laxity and delay on the part of the authorities in respect of payment, and consequen~ hardship to poor gurus whose income is so small and precarious." But he fails to. understand the repeated complaint that the sources of revenue placed at the disposal of the Boards are not only not capable of any material.exp!l'nsion, but i~ some cases .have shown a heavy falling of!'. As cess revaluatiOn IS constan~ly m pr?gress m a number of districts the revenue of the Boards must proportiOnately mcrease. He would ask the m:ector to report speciallJ: any instance. ?f consid~rab!e decre~se in the Boards' expenditure on educatiOn. The mumcipal c~ntnbut10n to primary schools is said, in paragraph 92 .of the rep_ort, to _ha!'e ~Isen from R~ •. 20!4.11 to Rs. 24,984, which is a satisfactory- sign .a~ mdiCatmg that mu.mClpalities are more alive . to the importance of proVIdmg for the educatiOn of the poor though the Commissioner of Burdwan desires to emphasise the fact " th~t municipalities continue to be too liberal in the matter of secondary education, and too niggardly in their grants to primary schools." Sir Charles Elliott finds it hard to understand the quotation from the report of the Presidenc;r Inspector of Schools regarding the departme~t~l g:.-a:nts .to primary schools within the amalgamated area of the Calcutta Mu~Icipahty. He thou~~t it was the rule that departmental grants should be Withdrawn from mumClpalities, at least as far as primary schools for boys are concerned, and the whole duty of educating all the boys of the municipal area in reading, writing, and arithmatic should be required of the municipality. The sums spent by the Corporation of Calcutta, viz., Rs. 2,369 in 1890-91 and Rs. 2,395 in 1891-92, on both primary and secondary schools, were altogether inadequate, and show a total failure on the part of the municipal authorities to realise their responsibilities to the people placed under their care. The subject will be fully dwelt on in the Resolution on the Annual Report of the Municipality.

16. In the Resolution on the report for 1890-91 the Lieutenant-Governor decided some important questions in connection with primary education, and especially dealt at some length with the question of the proportion of the primary grant spent on stipends allowed to stipendiary schools to the amount spent on rewards to non-stipendiaries, and accepted as working principles (1) the mixed system of stipends with rewards, (2) the fixation of a minimum and a low maximum of rewards, (3) the inclusion of the stipend in the rewards ultimately adjudged. It appears that there has been some delay in carrying out the decision of Government, and it is admitted that some of the Boards have not yet considered them at all. Mr. Tawney, however, mentions the names of 13 Boards, which have more or less accepted the recommendations of the department, as approved by Government, regarding the grant of stipends, and great changes are expected in consequence in these and otherfdistricts where similar lines of action may be taken. A new statement has been furnished in paragraph 93, as desired by Government, showing district by district the sums spent in stipends and in rewards, and the number of pupils passing the lower primary and standard examinations. In 9 out of 48 districts the amount paid in rewards is many times as great as that given in stipends; in 8 it is almost double; in 11 it is more: the remaining 20 districts gave more in stipends than in rewards, The Lieutenant-Governor agrees with Mr. Tawney that there is no reason why the districts named by him should not adopt the system of payment-by-results on th~ principles lately enunciated, the most important of which is to secure the estab!u!hment of a school of doubtful, position, insuring its stability by the promiSe of a small stipend by way of retaining fee (as an advance payable out of the .rew!l'rds) supplemented by rewards for passed pupils. The Director's c?nclus1on IS ac.cepte~ by Government that there is little ground for the contentiOn that the stipendmry pathsalas are the backbone of our primary education system, and that the non-stipendiary paths~las have therefore no higher work to do at J?reser:t t~an swell the bulk of our pnmary returns. That the majority of t~e _stiJ?endiaries are, on the whole, more efficient than most of the non-stipendiaries IS due, first, to the practice hitherto· followed, of admitting those schools to the stipendiary list which have shown good results year by year · and secondly to t?e bett~r financial position and greater stability of these f~rtunate few. ·w~Ile ~nxious to encoumge the system of rewards, the Lieutenant-Governor thmks It sound that schools of an inefficient and ephemeral character, which

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fail to earn even Rs. 3 or Rs. 4 on the results of the reward examinations sb_ould !lot be allowed t~ deriye any benefit from the system. The subject of st1pend1ary and non-stipend1ary schools should be fully discussed in future reports.

. 17. Tho following table exhibits by divisions the apportionment of the pr1m~ry allotments ~etween upper ~nd lowe! primary schools, and the relative cost m these classes : m accordance w1th the w1shes of Government it shows for the first time the upper and lower primaries separately:- '

Primary School8.

Exp~;~nditure. I Number of schools, I Number of pupils. Cost JXT IK'hool. \Cost pt'r pupil. DIVISJOl'l'. Allotment.

Upper. j Lower. Upper. \ Lower. \ Uppt'r. \ Lowor. \ Uppt.or.JLowcr, jup~rl::::-1 I. s I 3 I • • I 6 I 7 8 • 10 I 11 IS

R~ Rs. &.. &. Ro. Ao. At, PresidPncy ,., ... . .. 88,600 21,1?9 (56,866 ..,. 3,'770 u,ns lO!,MS 61r" H'll ., .. S'!J Calcutta .,, ... . .. 9,171! '"' 7,303 10 ... "a MOO .... .,., 17'7 12'~ Burdwun ,,, ... ... l,t1S,4S6 M,M6 80,323 810 7,t3l!7 28,0011 1Sil,ttl7 42'8 10'6 1U'9 ••• R"jsbnbi •.• ... ... 68,31!4. 20,070 4.0,1St6 """ 2,030 13,6-17 60.Stl3 • 1 • ... ... "' Dacca ... ... 1,04,~ 23,617 49,714 "'" <6,9111 22,3~ 1111,2:57 3d'~ 10'1 16'9 ••• Chi.ttngong'" ... ... 00,678 liS,·IB'a 36,100 3118 4,821 u.~rs 10:\,2~8 ...... 7 •• U"i ••• Pnbnn. ... ... ... 1).1,768 18,9~1 fiS,7!\S '"' 6,010 D,23! li!~,U7~ 10-1'7 ••• 32'8 7 8 Bbngahmr ... ... M,:nt 13,3SZ 34,51!8 "' 1,042 7,Ml7 4S,Sll3 70'1) 17'7 2.~'3 1!!'5 Chota Nugpur ... ... 68,810 7,4111 .... .,,201 103 l,M7 ..... 43,307 71!'41 .. .. .... 1tl'::S Orissa. ... 46.7118 11,867 27,8~5 ... t,t16S . .... 73,43D .t8't • •• ~7'7 o·oo Orissa Tributary li:ahai~ 2,800 .. 1,369 I 1"' 18 1,481 ... ... ... . .. ----------------- -Total ... 7,19,606 1,67,263 ... ~.oos 3,330 37,-&36 1,2:!,186 8,53,003 ... 11'8 ~~· ••

The percentage of boys at primary schools to the number of boys of schoolgoing age varies from 52 in Howrah to 8 and 7 in Muzaffarpur and Dnrbhango. and 6 in Purnea. It is not to be expected that the relative position of the different districts will vary much from year to year. Last yenr the LieutenantGovernor desired that some change might be made in the method of nscerto.in· ing the comparative position of each district with respect to primary education, and suggested that the merit should be made to depend partly on the number of scholars and its ratio to the population of the district, and not only on the number of schools. Mr. Tawney has accordingly in paragraph 100 of his report supplied a new table, in which marks have been given on tho number of pupils in each district in the different stages, viz. (1) the upper primary stnge, (2) tht;~lower primary stage, (a) reading printed books, (b) not rending printed books; and the progress of the district has been ascerto.ined by tho ratio of those marks to every hundred of the population of school-going age. It iH perhaps a defect in this calculation that too high a value has been put on upper as against lower primary schools; for instance, as Howrah has 52 per cont. of its boys at school, while Calcutta has only 25 per cent., but the percentage of merit of Calcutta (68) is, on the system adopted, very little below that of Howrah (69·9). The Lieutenant-Governor has had the following table prepared, in which column 4 shows the percentage of boys at school to the boys of schoolgoing age, and column 5 gives the percentage of merit, obtained by the method above described. A comparison of these two columns will convey a bettor impression of the real facts- ·

Percentage of Boys of ~oys at Percentage of merit marks

DISTRICT. school-going pnmo.ry column on on rorulntion age. schools. column 2. o school-

going ago.

1 2 3 4 fj

'

24-Parganas ... 1,48,392 59,173 39·8 58·1 ... 92,697 33,183 35·7 48·5

Khulna. ... ... 90,849 18,948 20·8 30·1

Mm'Bhidabad ... ... 1,41,200 25,149 17·8 25·5

Jessore ... ... 1,20,322 19,749 16-4 9.·!'!1

Nadia ... ... Total 5,93,460 I 1,56,202 26·2 87'4 ...

Calcutta 67,011 I

16,868 25-1 68· ... ...

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-

Percentage of Peroentoge of

Boys of Boys at merit marks DrsTRIC'r. school-going primary column 3 on on population

nge. schools. column 2. of sohool·· going age.

1 2 ·3 4 5

Hooghly ... ... 88,820 44,035 49·5 71•5 Howrnh ... 54,733 28,493 5~·05 69·9 ... Bnnkura ... .. 78,891 32,125 40 7 65-1 Midnnpur ... ... 1,96,215 91,466 46·6 58-4 Burdwan ... ... 1,02,430 40,010 39·06 56·5 Dirbhum ... ... 58,445 20,702 35·4 45·3.

Total ... 5,79,534 2,56,821 44·3 60·6

Dinajpur ... ... 1,21,807 20,160 16·5 26·5 Pabna ... ... 1,01,686 16,706 16·4 23· Darjeeling ... ... 18,456 2,104 lH 22·7 Bogra ... ... 62,837 9,474 15·07 21·3 J aipaiguri ... ... 54,698 6,557 119 20·8 Rajshahi ... ... 98,151 11,858 12·08 18 2 Rnngpur ... ... 1,59,271 16,753 10·5 10·7

Total ... 6,16,906 83,612 13·5 21·9 -

Bnckergunge ... ... 1,65,666 64,840 39·1 51'4 Dacca ... ... 1,80,087 48,586 26·9 34'4 Faridpur ... . -. 1,33,963 31,247 23·3 327 Mymensingh ... ... 2,68,292 35,789 13·3 22•07 --- -Total ... 7,48,008 1,80,462 24'1 34'4

Tippero. ... ... 1,36,769 61,234 44-7 62·5 Nonkhnli ... ... 76,309 33,909 44'4 59·6 Chittngong ... ... 92,380 30,888 33·4 44'4 Chittagong Hill Tracts ... 8,934 328 3·6 6·2

- - -Total ... 3,14,392 1,26,359 40·1 54·.8

Patnn ... ... 1,2!!,859 31,776 24'4 26·3 Saran ... ... 1,70,088 31,106 18·2 J9·8 Gnya ... ... 1,56,761 21,639 13·8 15·7 Chnmpnran ... ... 1,40,420 15,930 ll·3 10•1 Shnhnbnd ... ... 1,48,619 12,941 8·7 9·6 Muznil'!Lrpur ... ... 1,95,806 15,958 8•1' 8·4 Darbh!Lllg!L ... ... 2,05,647 15,637 7-6 8·2 ---- -Total ... 11,47,190 1,44,987 12·6 13·5 -Maln!L ... ... 59,986 8,570 142 19·9 . Sonthal P!Lrg!Lllns ... ... 1,30,585 13,710 1Qo4 12•7 Monghyr ' ... ... 1,48,060 17,411 11-7 125 Bhngnlpur ... ·: . 1,50,730 16,412 10·8 11·7 l'urnea. ... ... 1,49,024 9,388 6·2 6•7 - -Total ... 6,38,385 65,491 10·2 13·

BnlMore ... ... 72,245 33,301 469 55·2 Cuttnck ... ... 1,41,083 58,131 41·2 47·2 !'uri ... . .. 71,179 14,435 20·2 26•4 Ot·issa. Tributary Ma.bnls ... 1,32,417 16,484 12·4 12·2 -Total ... 4,16,924 1,22,351 29·3 33·6

Singhbhum ... . .. 40,712 11,850 29-1 38•1 llfnnbhum ... . .. 88,980 13,68~ 15·3 19·2 Hnzaribagh ... ... t 85,044 11' 179 13-1 14•7 Lohnrdnga. ... . .. 82,780 10,821 13 07 12•7 Palamou ... ... 44,148 2,230 50·5 5·04

Total ... 3,41,664 49,762 14'5 18 6

GR.\ND TOTAL -... 54,63,474 12,02,915 22·01 29·8

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18. There has been a s5>mewhat serious decline during the last three years Pl'imary scholarships. , m the stn.ndard of. the. results of the upper primary

. . ~cholar~lup ~xammatwn for boys, i.e.,. camlidatcs from uppe~ pnmary schools, mcludmg pnvate students. The fin-ures are n-iven as follows m paragraph 130 of the Report:- 0 0

Number of Number of Number of Number of Pcrcon~of Pcrecnt.n.go of YBAB. competing successful cand.itlntc& successful au~.-cet~-"ful IIIICCQ.'IS{U\

schools. school:~. CIUldidntcs.. schools.. onudhlo.t~

1 I 2 3 4 ~ I 6 I 7 . 1889-90 ... 2,258 1,660 5,484 3,053 737 55·7 1890-91 ... 2,449 1,654 5,910 2,847 Gi'5 48·2 l!l91-92 ... 2,381 1,493 5,681 2,491 62·7 43·8

I The cause of ;this decl~ne should be more carefully looked into by tho

In~pectors and th~1r subor_dm~tes. T?~ results. of tho corresponding lower pnmary s?holarsh1p exallllnatwn _exh1b1t a curwus contrast with those juNt tabulated m the case of upper pnmary schools. Out of 10,001 schools which sent up pupil to this examination, 7,244, or 72'4 per cent., were successful against 6,586 out of 9, 163, or 71·8 per cent., in the yeiu· before. Also tho num?er of candidates advanced from 29,616 to 32,764, and that of successful candidates from 16,18:l to 18,630, the percentage of success having rison from 55·3 to 56·8. The improvement has thus been general. But whon improvement or deterioration are spoken of in connection with these examinations, it is always uncertain whether the standard is uniform in different divisions or in different years. It is at least essential that steps should be taken to secure uniformity in the standard of examination in all the districts of tho same division, even if it is unattainable throughout the province. Such a system is in force in the Eastern Circle, and Sir A. Croft, in partwraph 101 of his report for 1890-91, expressed his intention of calling upon Inspectors of Schools to introduce such a measure in communication with District Boards. It docs not appear why this change was not effected: the Director is requested to take such steps as may be necessary to have the sy~tem of examination for primarl schools whlCh obtains in the Eastern Circle adopted throughout Bengal. ast year also definite orders were illsued accepting tho suggeMtion that the reward examinations should be held in situ and the Sub-Inspector alone regarded as responsible for ·the results. Tlils plan has only boon partially adopted and should now be generally extended. The Noakhali practice of holding the . examinations simultaneously on a fixed day by local committees of teachers appointed by the District Board does not commend itself to Govern· ment and should be forthwith discontinued. With regard to tho emoluments of the gurus Mr. Tawney writes thus:-" The average earnings of a loworJ.>rimary guru are Rs. 47·2 from all sources-an amount hardly su!liciont to mamtain a family, however small-of which Rs. 9-3 (or only 12 annas a month} were contributed from public sources, and Rs. 38 or more than four times as much, by the people themselves. As the extremes certainly widely differ, it is hardly possible even to imagine, making the fullest allowance for incorrect returns, how petty the incomes of weak schools are, and how utterly inefficient 11uch schools must be; it has been often urged, and it may be repeated bore, that in view of the present impossibility of increasing public contributions to any appreciable extent in the nea~ future, the most prudent way ~o use o~r limited means best would be to d1scourage schools of doubtful effi01ency, m order to set free funds for those that are really deserving of support." Tho Lieutenant-Governor is inclined to draw a different conclusion from the figures. He considers that more aid should be furnished to schools of tho lowest class to make them more efficient. The opinion expressed as to the cx.tremoly small incomes is impaired in value by our want of knowledge of tho mcomes which the gurus derive from fees.

19. The number of training schools for masters, mistresses, and gur~s, an-ain declined from 222 to 205, and the pupils

Special instruction. similarly from ] ,958 to 1,943; ~be cost increaseJ. at tbe same time from Rs. 1,13,997 to Rs. 1,16,703. Calculatwns have been made which show the expensiveness of the first grade training schools at <?alcutta and Patna but no conclusion has been drawn from the facts. It lS not stated whether the Director regards the teaching staff as too strong or too costly. Tho Lieutenant-Governor would like to have some remedy suggested, or to know

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at any rate that value is obtained for the additional outlay. The results of the vernacular mastership examination £or pupils of first and second grade training schools and for private candidates show 447 as having passed successfully out of 650 candidates, but are less favourable than last year. Only 142 men have been granted first grade certificates after the thr~e-year course, and may be regarded as having cost Rs. 62,739, or Rs. 442 each. Sir Charles Elliott would be glad if the Director would have the whole system of these schools carefully reviewed next year by Inspectors, and the results embodied in his report, as has been done in paragraph 130, which deals with the system of the training of gurus. As it is of importance that all the masters in middle and upper primary schools should have passed through training schools and have received certificates of competency, it is disappointing to find, from the figures supplied, that in middle vernacular schools, out of 1,331 head-teachers, 157 should not have passed through even a middle vernacular school, and that out of 1,425 other teachers so many as 431 should be similarly disqualified. So also, in the case of upper primary schools, out of 3,843 head-pandits so many as 914 have themselves not received even an upper primary education, and out of 584 other teachers 381 do not possess even this quR.lification. It is something, having regard to the small incomes of these schools, that in 3,661 of them there are 307 teachers who have passed the entrance or vernacular mastership examination, but there is evidently great room for improvement in the staff attached to them. An unfavourable account is given of the scheme of training ~ gurus, which has now been in working for more than five years. Mr. Bellett, Inspector of Rajshahi Circle, considel'S it a failure, and the Director admits that his argument has much force, Mr. Tawney would, however, apparently maintain the system, with a view to accelerating the elimination of the illiterate gurus by training them properly (in the third grade training schools), and in this opinion the Lieutenant-Governor concurs. At the same time he is disposed to regard the cost of these gurus as disproportionate to their value. A sufficient stimulus to improvement might be afforded if it were laid. down that no one should be appointed a teacher in a lower primary school (stipendiary) unless he had passed through an upper primary school, or to an upper primarY" school unless he had received his education in a middle vernacular school, and so on: he wishes the Director to take these suggestions·into his consideration.

20. The "other schools of special instruction," including all institutions and Departments of institutions teaching Law, Medicine, Engineering, the Calcutta Schoo! of Art, ind~strial schools and other schools of a special· charac-ter, a1·e shown m the followmg statement:- ·

~ " ~ Expenditure . Average nnnuo.l cost . per pupil . •

I :9 ~

~~ ~ • From public funds.

~ ·-~ .!!> .. ,. .c From ii.e • privo.tc Totnl. Cost to

'0 -· 0 From ~ublic Total ccsL o;a a funds. • ]~ . From distrtct unds.

~ "' provincio.l andmn· el'l c rOVCD\\6!1, nicipml ., I • •• . • funds, z zo ... 1 • 7 8 0 10

1.-L.t.W. Rs. .Rs, .Rs, Rs. Rs, A. P, Rs. ,A., P. Government law schools ... ... • 91 \· 02 7,70/j 7,705 &i 11 • 'Unaided law schools ... ... ... 0 4o'n! 616 10,0·'7 10,047

.. ..... 36 14 7 rw:- -- ......

Total Lo.w Bcbooll ... --.o3T<i;s . ..... 20,SiZ 26,&12 4-Jo 2 " . ..... ll.-'MEDICIN:B, - --::-j--::--------------------

!llcdict..l Coll(IR:o, Calcutta ... ... 1 1,03,000 . ..... 12,140 2,05,200 ... 7 8 738 2 • Government medical schools • 007 018 70,402 UD.Didod mcdicnlachool.a ... ... ...... 10,0:i3 03,8.;5 117 14 • 144 1 0 ... ... • 438 m ...... .. .... o,:m 6,3U 2-1 5 g ---- ----- . .....

Total Modioo.l Bchoola ... 10 t,wo 1,400 -----------2,60,468 . 36,135 3,114,003 192 7 7 217 12 7 III.-ENGINBBRING. -- --------- ---

Ch·it Enginooring College, Slbpur ... 1 2-i-Jo 220 83,(W! ...... 0,769 112,901 3il2 10 0 GoYl'rnlllent Sw-voy schools ... 3 <17 ... 405 31 ... 10,21·· ...... 0,600 1li,S&Jo 22 Ill 2 .. 10 • Totu.l Hnginoorlng School• --------- -- ---... • 001 .,. P3,:!50 ...... 115,4CI9 1,08,111)6 l·U 1 3 IM 0 3 - --IV.-ABT AND IKDtl'BTBY, ----- ------------Government School or Art ... 1 181 IG7 27.~2 .,1115 Gu\·crnment ludustrlo.lacllools '" · 3 31

...... 31.1107 10:112 0 l~S 10 7 Boord indWitrinl school• "' ... • "' 1,766

a:~· is 2,103 3,059 60 0 10 113 I • .A.idNI dilto ... ... 103 lU l,U7tl 1,700 7,2'.23 .. • 2 llS 4 7 tJnnidcd ditto ... ... 0 SUI 2!l6 l,OtiS 600 3,701 o,u&l ... ... 6 210 Hm ...... 7 0 4 20 G S ...... . .. ...,.

10 I~ Total Art Schools -------------------811 32,7711 111,103 12,473 40,354 .. 7 • 00 IS 15 Y • ..;.OTmm Scn:oor.s op SPECIA.L ------- --~ ------ ----lNSTBUOTlON,

Government scboohJ ... ... ... I 40 ., 4,4415 Aided schools ... ... • 270 '"iii• "S',Sso <l>,i-l5 105 IS 4 105 13 ·I Unaic.lod do, ... ... . .,. GGO 4>,600 013 0 17 10 • ... ... ... ... • ~"' "" -- - -- ...... .. .... l,U65 l,UU5 . ..... • 8 0

Total Other Srhoola ... IS --- ------------... 5119 ... 5,101 ... li,:m 11,000 10 10 10 1!:0 10 3 - ------Gn..t.JiD TouL -------------... .. S,W6 4,020 ·i,OO,f03 4,71::7 95,600 ti,t10,83U ...... ......

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It is wor.thwhile to dr~w attention to the fluctuations in the numbers .of the students reading for the cluof professions, as follows:- .

YEAR. Law. Medicine. Engineer- Arts and Other ing. industry. ~ecinl Totnl.

s ools.

1 2 3 4. 5 6 j

1888-89 ... 935. 999 618 651 ,-., ·~ 3.275

1889-90 ... 912 1,016 6,j2 . 795 6ll a.m~G 1890-91 ... 1,025 1,18-! 7U3 . 753 550 4,215 1891-92 ... 563 1,290 6G1 853 659 3,926

The remarkable decrease in the number of law students is accounted for ?Y t~e recen_t chang~s in the regula~ions for the B. L. and plendership exammatrons, wh1ch reqwre shorter ponods of study than formerly. 'l'he increase in the number of medical pupils is attributable to tho opening of another school of Homceopathy in Calcutta. The total cost of the Unlcutta Moclical Colle"e slightly rose, but the average cost per pupil fell from Rs. 873 to Rs. 738. As the number of engineering students decreased, so the cost per head rose in all the institutions. The decrease at the Sibpur College is part! y due to fewer admissions to the first year class, on account of the raising of tho stnndnrd for admission: there were 75 applicants, and only 28 finally joined. The Lieutenant-Governor trusts that the new rules will not ultimately load to such largo rejections and to keeping down the number of pupils. llis attention has been drawn to the facts that there were only three Europeans or Eurasians in the Engineer Department, and that, though the free list for Europeans awl Eurasians was full, only 11 out of the 27 reduced-fee-ships wore awarded in the apprentice department. There has been a continued fulling off in this branch, and, as Mr. Tawney rightly observes, it is a question that ncetls enquiry. The Lieutenant-Governor has already, in the Resolution on tho Pauperism Committee's report, referred to the opl?ortunitics available at Sibpur to Indo-European youths for acquiring professiOnal knowledge. The account given in the repol't of the successes attained by the students in athletics is gratifying : the defects in the gymnastic apparatus can Lo easily remedied. 'l'he numerical strength of the Cuttack Survey School has fallen from 77 to 42, and the decrease is attributed to passed students not having been yet provided with employment. This is an extraordinary explanation for Government to receive at a time when important surveysettlement proceedings are in prog1·ess throughout Orissa. A very different state of things is reported from Dacca, whore the pupils increased from 221 to 268. The School of Art, in which the artistic and docorati v~ industries of Bengal are concentrated, mOl'e than maintained its position by attracting 181 pupils instead of 173. 'l'he Director writes: "The. recent Resolution of the Government of Bengal, making drawing a compulsory part of tho course in training schools, and all but compulsory for the Entrance examination, has given a stron"' impulse to the cause of art in Bengal. Passed students of this school no~ rank themselves as teachers along with U nivcrsity graduates, and the habit of treating artists and artizans alike, which is so strong in this country, is likely to give way ere long. A taste has also been ct·oatctl for artistic excellence in school literature. Books illustrated after the European method are coming into !ashion, and engraving, li.th?graphy, photography and etchin"' are almost m general demand. As 1t 1s tho only school of the kind in °Bengal, the supply of trained artists is. a?cordingly far ~hort of the demand." The Government school at Rancln lS very expcnstvo-tlm cost of each pupil amounting to Rs. 1~~-considoring the standard attain~d. The Lieutenant-Governor recently v1s1ted _the Rang_pur -!l?ard Indu,trml School which owes its orirrin to 1\Ir. Sknne's puLlw spmt and energy, and tl~ought it more advm~ced and popular thu.n any similar instituti<>11

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he had seen, .·and likely to be _use_ful; he tru~ts that t?e din1inut!on of the numbers, from 71 to 60, does not r~diCB;te a wanmg of 1~s populanty. ~he · notices of industrial·schools contamed m the report are satisfactory as showmg that some real progress is being ach~eved. The ~ieutenant-~overnor bas re~d with pleasure Mr. Tawney's conclus10n that tecllmcal educatwn of an eleme;nta;y character is gradually making its. ~ay among the p~op~e, and that !he. Drstnct Boards and other local .authontres are also begmnmg to patromze rt. ·The Sibpur Engineering College, with its w01:kshop and apprent~ce departm~nt, is recognized by Government as the roam _cer:tre from whrch the. vanous industrial schools in the mufa~sal, annually sprmgmg up, are to get therr supply of qualified teachers and it is to t.his centre that the best boys of these schools should ultimately ~orne for higher training. Some of the District Boards _have done well in creating scholarships for the encouragement of such hlgher industrial studies.

21. The progress of female education, in its main statistical aspects, is .Fomnlo oducntion. exhibited in the following table :-

.~ g ;, o!!

~ Expenditure.

~ •"' . .; ~ Ji:<l

I From privAte .., s.gci s= b From public funds. funds. Olass of schools. !i =· ·a Total,

'li '0.!!! •a "' . ... 0'-t:l .,!!

~~ l'rgvin· \ Distdct Munici-~ 2"'e ~e I Othor E•• ~..8 cml F dll pol Fees. sourooa. .. revenue. un • Funds, = ~:S:a !;"' :r. .. ~ - --

1 s I • • 6 7 8 9 u f 12

"'· Rs. Ito. Rs. Rs. Rs. Managed by Governmont ... 2 241 207 161 18,686 ...... 120 0,343 878 2f,G27

,. by District or Muni· 1,420 •• 1",465 · cipn.l Boards ... ... . .. a 298 228 14l! ....... . ..... ......

Aided by Government OT ~ 8,ft31 18,M'1 1,82:219 S,ll,G.,S District:OT Muuicipnl Boo ~ · 2,868 48,209 43,~33 33,538 76,408 26,9?.8

Vnu.ided ... ... • .. 831 0,611 4,H89 3,767 ...... ...... . ..... 8,431 14,013 17,4-W! -- ----- --Total ... 2,700 M,199 40,207 37,608 M-,0011

'-26,928 10,071' 27,821 1,96,G.51l

'----~----' 3,56,1JGII

1,31,003 2,23,9i6

1887.88 ... 2,217 4R.089 1,17,214 1,90,659 1888·89 ... 2,Sn2 47,888 1,21,106 ],t!8,9IIS 1889·90 ... 2,lli3 45,000 1,20,171 2,00,788 1890.01 ... 2,2:SS 46,448 1,21i,M!O 2,24,667

This statement shows a material advance in female education during the year. There were 468 more girls' schools and 7,751 more pupils attending them ; there were also 332 more girls reading in boys' .schools. In 'fippera there was an expansion from 276 to 499 schools, and from 3,724 to 6,972 -pupils, which requires to be placed on a more substantial basis. It was not · thought desirable to make over the control of grant-in-aid girls' schools to District Boards when the Local Self-Government Act was passed, so that girls' schools in Board areas still continue to receive departmental grants. There has been an increase in the expenditure from district and municipal funds, but there is room still for further contributions from these sources. '1 he Bethune .Bchool sent up 7 candidates for the Entr·ance, of whom 2 passed; the Dacca Female School sent 2, and 1 passed. Four females are reported in paragraph 138 to have obtained medical degrees of different orders of distinction. 1\frs. Wheeler, the Inspectress of Schools, Calcutta, furnished examination returns of 6,096 pupils, but the number of schools examined has not been mentioned. Ther·e are in Calcutta 162 primary girls' schools with 5,516 pupils, but it is believed that she does not examine schools of all denominations, as some of the latter prefer to have their progress tested by ·the ordinary Inspectors : it is presumed that some of her examinees belonged to the schools which she visited outside bead-quarters. As the extension to ~he mufassal districts of the special standards for girls' scholarships, originally .sanctioned for Calcutta, had not proved successful, as no additional scholarships ,could be created, Sir A. _Croft submitted, and Government approved, a suggestion for separating some portion of the district allotment for scholarships ,and confining it to the girls' schools and candidates that would adopt the 11pecial standards. Some action has been taken in this direction in the 24-Parganas and the Patna Division, and the matter should not be overlooked by the Director, as it is clearly the proper policy.

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