Presentation CPVC Pipe Tubing

©2021 Plastics Pipe Institute1

CPVC Pipe & Tubing Systems for Plumbing and Mechanical Applications

A presentation byThe Plastics Pipe Institute

ContactLance MacNevin, P.Eng. PPI Director of Engineering - Building & Construction [email protected] Tel (469) 499-1057

mailto:[email protected]


The Plastics Pipe Institute

PPI Represents All Sectors of the Plastic Pipe Industry- Formed in 1950 to research and develop test methods for plastic pressure pipes- Today: Non-profit trade association serving North America based in Irving, TX- Five Divisions, eleven employees

PPI Mission: Enable the highest quality of life and preserve our natural resources through the advancement, acceptance, and use of plastic pipe systems

PPI Activities: Research, education, technical expertise, and advocacy

Members: Over 170 member firms involved with the plastic pipe industry

PPI Website: www.plasticpipe.org

http://www.plasticpipe.org/


The Plastics Pipe Institute

PPI’s Building & Construction Division (BCD)- BCD is focused on plastic pressure pipe and tubing systems used within buildings and on

building premises for applications such as plumbing, water service, fire protection, hydronic (radiant) heating & cooling, snow & ice melting, district energy heating & cooling, and ground source geothermal piping systems.

BCD Materials: CPVC, HDPE (geo), PEX, PE-RT, PEX-AL-PEX, and PP (PP-R & PP-RCT)

BCD Homepage: https://plasticpipe.org/BuildingConstruction

https://plasticpipe.org/BuildingConstruction


Course IntroductionThe content of this course is intended to address the typical information thatinstallers and inspectors need to know about CPVC piping systems, one of the most common plastic pressure pipe materials for plumbing and mechanicalsystems.

The course will explain the types of piping materials and fitting options andtheir capabilities; product standards and certifications for each material; proper installation techniques; and code requirements for plumbing andmechanical (e.g., hydronic) applications.

CPVC = Chlorinated PolyVinyl Chloride


Course Introduction The content of this course is intended to address the typical information thatinstallers and inspectors need to know about CPVC piping systems, one of the most common plastic pressure pipe materials for plumbing and mechanicalsystems.

Content will be based partially on PPI TN-62 Suitability and Fitness of CPVC Piping Systems for Commercial Building Applications.

Content will also be based on other PPI publications and course materials.


Course Outline

By the end of this course, you will be able to:

1. Describe CPVC pipe and tubing materials in terms of history, standards, material properties, capabilities, and code compliance.

2. Demonstrate CPVC joining techniques

3. Indicate where and how to use these materials in applications such as plumbing distribution, fire protection, hydronic heating and cooling, and water service.


Course Outline

By the end of this course, you will be able to:

4. Discuss installation requirements for CPVC plumbing applications by addressing sizing, solvent cement details, fastening, hanging, supporting, pressure-testing, and more.

5. Explain how to access industry resources related to CPVC piping materials.

But first, a general Introduction to Plastic Pipes…


Introduction to Plastic Pipes

Five main types of plastic pressure pipes used in construction:

CPVC chlorinated polyvinyl chlorideHDPE high-density polyethylenePEX crosslinked polyethylenePE-RT polyethylene of raised temperature resistancePP polypropylene



Universal Requirements: Drinking Water Safety- All plastic tubing, pipes, and fittings intended for potable (drinking) water shall meet the

requirements of NSF/ANSI/CAN Standard 61 Toxicological Evaluation for Materialsin Contact with Drinking Water (“Health Effects”)

1.1 Purpose “This Standard establishes minimum health effects requirements for the chemical contaminants and impurities that are indirectly imparted to drinking water from products, components, and materials used in drinking water systems.”

NSF 61 is updated regularly with stringent requirements



Universal Requirements: Lead-free components- All plastic tubing, pipes, and fittings intended for potable (drinking) water shall meet the

requirements of NSF/ANSI/CAN Standard 372: Drinking Water System Components, Lead Content

1.1 Purpose “This Standard establishes procedures for the determination of lead content based on the wetted surface area of products.”

1.2 Scope “The standard applies to any drinking water system component that conveys or dispenses water forhuman consumption through drinking or cooking.”

NSF 372 is updated regularly with stringent requirements



Clarification on “Tubing vs. Pipe”- CPVC “Tubing”: the actual Outside Diameter is 1/8 inch larger than the nominal size- CPVC “Pipe”: the actual Outside Diameter matches that of steel pipe of the same

nominal size- CPVC Tubing uses nominal sizes such as ‘NTS 3/4’

- Also known as Copper Tube size or ‘CTS’- CPVC Pipe uses nominal sizes such as ‘NPS 3/4’

- Also known as Iron Pipe size or ‘IPS’- CPVC Tubing is widely used for residential plumbing (sizes NTS 2 and below)- CPVC Pipe is typically used in commercial plumbing, fire protection, industrial

applications and more

- While people often use “Tubing” and “Pipe” interchangeably, there is a difference



Universal Requirements: Dimension Ratios- Most* plastic pipe and tubing uses a Standard Dimension Ratio (SDR)- Standard Dimension Ratio - the ratio of outside diameter to wall thickness, calculated

by dividing the average outside diameter of the tubing by the minimum wall thickness

- PEX tubing is SDR 9 (wall thickness is 1/9 of the OD)- CPVC plumbing tubing is SDR 11 (wall thickness is 1/11 of the OD)- CPVC fire protection pipe is SDR 13.5 (wall thickness is 1/13.5 of the OD)

- Within a Standard Dimension Ratio, each diameter of the pipe type has the same pressure capability & rating

- E.g., ½, ¾, 1, and 2 inch SDR 11 CPVC tubing all have the same pressure rating

*Exception: Pipes that follow Schedule 40/80 dimension schemes



Universal Requirements: Dimension Ratios- Most* plastic pipe and tubing uses a Standard Dimension Ratio (SDR)

- CPVC tubing (ASTM D2846) is SDR 11 (wall thickness is 1/11 of the OD)- Used for plumbing applications

Courtesy Lubrizol



Universal Requirements: Dimension Ratios- Most* plastic pipe and tubing uses a Standard Dimension Ratio (SDR)

- CPVC pipe is Schedule 40 or 80 (ASTM F441) or various DRs (ASTM F442) - Used for industrial, plumbing, and HVAC applications

Courtesy Lubrizol



Universal Requirements: Design Factor / Safety Factor- All plastic tubing, pipes and fittings have inherent safety factors for the intended

applications based on prescribed Design Factors listed within product standards

- Pressure-Temperature ratings are based on an extrapolated time-to-failure prediction using a 0.50* Design Factor on pressure - Actual capability is typically 2 times the listed (i.e., labeled) pressure rating

- Plastic systems demonstrate Long-term Hydrostatic Strength (LTHS) through established test methods such as ASTM D2837 and listings according to PPI TR-3 Policies and Procedures for Developing Hydrostatic Design Basis (HDB) and Hydrostatic Design Stresses (HDS) for Thermoplastic Piping Materials

*Certain HDPE materials utilize a 0.63 design factor



Universal Requirements: Pressure/Temperature Capability- CPVC tubing* (SDR 11) is rated for 400 psi at 73°F- CPVC tubing* (SDR 11) is rated for 100 psi at 180°F

* CPVC pipe of other wall thicknesses (e.g., SDR 13.5, Sch. 40, Sch. 80) have different pressure ratings



Universal Requirements: Pressure/Temperature Capability- PPI recommends to allow CPVC to be connected directly to tankless water

heaters intended for domestic applications – See PPI Recommendation H


Universal Requirements: Fire Stopping- When plastic pipe penetrates a fire-rated assembly (i.e., floor, ceiling, wall), the

penetration must be protected by an approved through-penetration firestop system

- Many firestop manufacturers have products listed for use with CPVC

- Solutions include intumescent caulks, wrap strips, pass-through devices, collars, and cast-in-place sleeves

- Not all “CPVC” firestops are listed and compatible with all CPVC

- Be sure to check listings and chemical compatibility!




Universal Requirements: Flame and Smoke Ratings - All plastic pipes installed in Plenums must be listed and labelled for this application

Example: 2021 ICC International Mechanical Code, Section 602.2.1 states:



Universal Requirements: Flame and Smoke Ratings - Flame spread index and smoke spread index values are generated in standardized

testing in accordance with ASTM E84 test method using the “Steiner Tunnel” test




testing in accordance with ASTM E84 test method using the “Steiner Tunnel” test- Details of fire-test chamber from ASTM E84




testing in accordance with ASTM E84 test method using the “Steiner Tunnel” test- The Steiner Tunnel at UL, LLC (Northbrook, IL)



Universal Benefits: Practical Advantages of Plastic Piping Systems - Safety of potable water and long-term reliability- Resistant to corrosion, erosion, water disinfectants- Smooth wall, excellent flow characteristics- High pressure capability/stability - Easy joining procedures and no open flames- Light weight, easy to transport- No scrap value, no logical reasons for theft- Proven long life, rigorous certifications, highly tested- Water conservation is assisted with reduced heat loss

i-Stock



Universal Benefits: Practical Advantages of Plastic Piping Systems - Plastic pipe absorbs pressure surges (reduced water hammer, quiet operation)- 2009 report from NAHB-Research Center:

- 28% reduction in peak surge pressure: CPVC (Cold)- 18% reduction in peak surge pressure: CPVC (Hot)



Universal Benefits: Plastic Piping Systems are Sustainable and Safe- No mining operations for the ore- Lower cost to the environment for production- Much lower energy cost to produce plastic as compared with metal pipes- Materials do not add minerals to drinking water, do not support biofilm growth- Lighter weight reduces transportation volume and costs- Smooth wall, excellent flow characteristics reduce pressure loss- Insulating properties can reduce heat transfer (gain/loss)- Proven long life and durability provides value and reliability- Plastic systems protect health, safety & welfare!

i-Stock


1. CPVC Pipe & Tubing Materials

This Learning Objective focuses on CPVC materials- History, configurations, standards, code compliance, material properties, configurations, capabilities, joining systems

Courtesy Lubrizol


CPVC Pipe & Tubing Materials

Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride: CPVC Overview- A high-temperature pressure piping system; rated for operation up to 200°F (93°C)- Introduced for potable plumbing in 1959 (60+ years ago)- Introduced for fire protection in 1985- CPVC systems are used for hot- and cold-water distribution, water service, hydronic

heating & cooling, industrial and process piping applications

Common types: CPVC 4120-05, CPVC 4120-06 (material designation codes)

Courtesy Lubrizol (x3)



Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride: Explanation (see PPI TN-62)- CPVC is polyvinyl chloride (PVC) that has been chlorinated via a free radical chlorination reaction

- CPVC material is produced by adding a chlorine molecule (C) to PVC- The chlorine added to PVC gives CPVC higher temperature performance and improved fire and corrosion resistance

- CPVC pressure pipe is a distinct material from PVC pressure pipe, with additional capabilities

- CPVC is accepted in all model plumbing and mechanical codes for applications such as hot- and cold-water distribution (potable water plumbing), fire protection, chilled water, and hydronic heating and cooling systems



Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride: Explanation (see PPI TN-62)- CPVC piping systems are pressure-rated for operation up to 200°F (93°C)- Actual pressure ratings depend upon wall type (e.g., SDR 11, SDR 13.5, Schedule 80) - The wall type dictates the actual wall thickness

- For SDR 11 CPVC tubing, standard hydrostatic pressure ratings are 400 psi @ 73ºF (2,750 kPa @ 23ºC) and 100 psi @ 180ºF (690 kPa at 82ºC)

Source: PPI Technical Note 62



CPVC: Configurations- CPVC is provided in straight lengths- Copper Tube Size (CTS) diameters ½ to 2 in SDR 11 wall type- Iron Pipe Size (IPS) diameters ½ to 24 in Schedule 40/80 and several SDRs- Fittings are molded in both CTS and IPS sizes- Specific compounds for plumbing, hydronics, industrial, and fire protection applications




CPVC: Advantages- Safety of potable water and long-term reliability- Resistant to corrosion and deposits (i.e., no mineral build-up)- Resistant to disinfectants (e.g., chlorine, chloramines, chlorine dioxide)- No flame used for joining; solvent cement or mechanical joints- Ease of installation with professional appearance- Available in a wide range of sizes- Universal compatibility of pipes/fittings- Lightweight, easy to transport- Professional appearance- Noise and water hammer resistance- Lower installed cost than metal pipes- No scrap value; avoid jobsite theft

Courtesy Lubrizol



CPVC: Product Standards- ASTM D2846: CTS tubing & fittings for potable water; sizes ¼ to 2 in. nominal- ASTM D2855: Standard Practice for the Two-Step Method of Joining PVC or CPVC

Pipe and Piping Components with Tapered Sockets- ASTM F437: Schedule 80 Threaded CPVC fittings- ASTM F438: Schedule 40 Socket-type CPVC fittings- ASTM F439: Schedule 80 Socket-type CPVC fittings- ASTM F441: Schedule 40 and 80 pipe sizes; sizes ¼ to 16 in. nominal- ASTM F442: IPS pipe sizes; sizes ¼ to 12 in. nominal- ASTM F493: Solvent Cements for CPVC pipe and fittings- CSA B137.6: All sizing types; sizes ¼ to 12 in. nominal



CPVC: Test Requirements- Product standards establish capabilities and test requirements, such as:

- Materials- Workmanship- Dimensions and tolerances for pipe, socket fittings, transition fittings- Quick burst pressures- Long-term (sustained) pressure ratings- Thermocycling resistance for transition fittings- Solvent Cement and Adhesives- Test Methods- Marking requirements- More…



CPVC: Short-term Burst Pressure - Product standards have requirements for short-term burst pressure - CPVC Tubing & Fittings Minimum Requirements:

- ASTM D2846: 400 psi @ 73°F for SDR 11 wall thickness - CPVC Pipe & Fittings Minimum Requirements:

- ASTM F441: Depends on wall type (i.e., Sch. 40/80) and diameter (see Table)



CPVC: Long-term (Sustained) Pressure- Product standards have requirements for long-term (sustained) pressure ratings:- CPVC Tubing & Fittings Minimum Requirements:

- ASTM D2846: 364 psig at 180°F for SDR 11 wall thickness test requirement- CPVC Pipe & Fittings Minimum Requirements:

- ASTM F441: Depends on wall type (i.e., Sch. 40/80) and diameter (see Table)



CPVC: Tubing & Fittings MarkingsRequired markings include:- Size and wall type (e.g., ½” SDR 11)- Manufacturer’s name or tradename- ASTM D2846- 400 psi @ 73°F 100 psi @ 180°F- CPVC 4120 (material designation of compound)- Certification mark (e.g., NSF-pw, CSA symbol, ICC-ES report #, etc.)

Manufacturer Name

Markings on Fittings:- Manufacturer’s Name- ASTM D2846- CPVC 4120- Certification (NSF-pw, etc.)

1/2”



CPVC: Pipe & Fittings MarkingsRequired markings include:- Size and wall type (e.g., 2” SCH 80)- Manufacturer’s name or tradename- ASTM F441- Pressure ratings at 73°F and 180°F- CPVC 4120-05 or -06 (material designation of compound)- Certification mark (e.g., NSF-pw, CSA symbol, ICC-ES report #, etc.)

Manufacturer

Markings on Fittings:- Manufacturer’s Name- ASTM F438/F439- CPVC 4120- Certification (NSF-pw, etc.)



CPVC: Code Compliance- Plumbing: CPVC pipe, tubing, and fittings are listed within model codes such as the

International Residential Code (IRC), International Plumbing Code (IPC), Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC), and National Standard Plumbing Code (NSPC), and National Plumbing Code of Canada for plumbing

- Mechanical: CPVC pipe, tubing, and fittings are listed within model codes such as the International Residential Code (IRC), International Mechanical Code (IMC), Uniform Mechanical Code (UMC), and Uniform Solar, Hydronics, and Geothermal Code (USHGC) for hydronic piping



CPVC: Chemical Compatibility- CPVC materials have certain incompatibilities with some construction materials- Each CPVC manufacturer should test for and publish chemical compatibility

Example:- The FBC™ System Compatible Program is a resource made available to manufacturers

of ancillary products intended to be used with CPVC to help determine whether a product is chemically compatible with Lubrizol Advanced Materials' FlowGuard®, BlazeMaster®, Corzan®, and products made with TempRite Technology

- Visit https://www.lubrizol.com/CPVC/FBC-System-Compatible-Program -

https://www.lubrizol.com/CPVC/FBC-System-Compatible-Program



CPVC: Chemical Compatibility- CPVC materials have certain incompatibilities with some construction materials- Each CPVC manufacturer should test for and publish chemical compatibility- Visit https://www.lubrizol.com/CPVC/FBC-System-Compatible-Program -- Example: Search for Compatible Products by Category or Manufacturer




CPVC: Chemical Compatibility- CPVC materials have certain incompatibilities with some construction materials- Each CPVC manufacturer should test for and publish chemical compatibility- Visit https://www.lubrizol.com/CPVC/FBC-System-Compatible-Program -- The list of Incompatible Products is on a separate webpage

There is even an App for that: search “Lubrizol FBC”




Summary- History, configurations, standards, code compliance, material properties, configurations, capabilities

Courtesy Lubrizol


2. CPVC Joining Techniques

This Learning Objective focuses on Fittings and Joining Techniques- CPVC pipe & fittings are joined via:

i. Solvent Cementii. Push-fit Fittingsiii. Grooved mechanical fittings

iiii. Flanged connections



CPVC Joining Techniques

CPVC: Fittings/Joining: Solvent Welding is Not Gluing - Glues work by providing a sticky layer between two components to create a bond

- Solvent welding requires the two components to come into contact as the solvent cements allow the parts to molecularly bond with each other (different than glues)



CPVC: Fittings/Joiningi. Solvent Cement joints use liquid cement that “welds” pipes to fittings for secure joints

- Available in nominal sizes from 1/2 in. to 24 in.- Specific processes are described in material standards and installation manuals




CPVC: Fittings/Joiningi. Solvent Cement joints use liquid cement that “welds” pipes to fittings for secure joints

- Available in nominal sizes from 1/2 in. to 24 in.- Specific processes are described in material standards and installation manuals- Certain solvent cements are one-step, meaning no primer is required- Other solvent cements are two-step, meaning primer is required- Refer to manufacturer instructions and local code requirements



CPVC: Fittings/Joiningi. Solvent Cement joint fittings are available in tees, elbows, couplings, caps, transition

fittings, and multi-port tees



ASSE 1061 Push-fit fittingsAvailable in lead-free brass

Courtesy Reliance Worldwide Corp.


CPVC: Fittings/Joiningii. Push-fit Fittings are intended for copper, CPVC, or PEX

- Available in nominal sizes from 1/2 in. to 2 in.- Follow manufacturer instructions for installation



CPVC: Fittings/Joiningiii. Grooved mechanical fittings connect pipes to fittings, once pipe ends are prepared

- Specific processes are described in material standards and installation manuals

Courtesy Victaulic x2



CPVC: Fittings/Joiningiiii. Flanges connect CPVC pipes to CPVC or other materials (e.g., steel)

- Flanges rated for 150 psig; flanges with backing rings available for higher pressures- Use full face gaskets which are chemically compatible with fluids- Use washers on all bolts and nuts- Follow manufacturer’s torque specifications



Summary- CPVC pipe & fittings are joined via:

i. Solvent Cementii. Push-fit Fittingsiii. Grooved mechanical fittings

iiii. Flanged connections



3. Plumbing & Mechanical Applications

This Learning Objective focuses on CPVC pipes in these applications:

3.a Plumbing distribution (hot- and cold-water supply)

3.b Fire protection (sprinklers)

3.c Hydronic heating and cooling

3.d Water service pipelines


Plumbing & Mechanical Applications

3.a Hot- and Cold-Water Plumbing Distribution- CPVC is used for residential and commercial hot- and

cold-water plumbing supply

System Benefits:- Plastic piping systems save costs and last longer- Plastic pipes are corrosion-resistant, no build-up- Pipes can absorb pressure surges, reduce spikes- Plastic pipes are quieter and transfer less heat - Plastic systems are joined without flame

- No hot-work permits required

Courtesy Lubrizol



3.a Hot- and Cold-Water Plumbing Distribution- CPVC is used for residential and commercial hot- and

cold-water plumbing supply

System Benefits:- Plastic piping systems save costs and last longer- Plastic pipes are corrosion-resistant, no build-up- Pipes can absorb pressure surges, reduce spikes- Plastic pipes are quieter and transfer less heat - Plastic systems are joined without flame


Courtesy Lubrizol



3.a Hot- and Cold-Water Plumbing Distribution- CPVC may be used in all types of plumbing system “layouts”

1. Trunk and Branch (a.k.a. traditional)2. Parallel pipe systems (a.k.a. home run)3. Zoned systems (a.k.a. remote manifolds)



3.b Fire Protection- CPVC materials have been listed for light hazard fire sprinkler systems since the 1980s

- According to installation standard NFPA 13D, where the intent is to provide an affordable sprinkler system in homes while maintaining a high level of life safety, CPVC fire sprinkler systems that are listed to system standard UL 1821 areapproved to supply water to fire sprinklers for one- and two-family dwellings

- UL 1821 is the system performance standard for plastic fire protection systems



3.b Fire ProtectionUL 1821 Thermoplastic Sprinkler Pipe and Fittings for Fire Protection Service- 1.2 “Thermoplastic pipe and fittings covered by these requirements are intended for

use in sprinkler systems in any of the following types of occupancies:a) Light hazard occupancies as defined in the Standard

for Installation of Sprinkler Systems, NFPA 13;b) Residential occupancies as defined in the Standard for

Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two-Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes, NFPA 13D; and

c) Residential occupancies as defined in the Standard for Installation of Sprinkler Systems in Low-Rise Residential Occupancies, NFPA 13R.”



3.b Fire Protection- CPVC, when listed, can be used for NFPA 13D, NFPA 13R, and NFPA 13 light hazard

fire protection applications built according to codes - Each brand / pipe must be tested and third-party certified for FP applications

System Benefits:- Plastic piping systems save costs and last longer- Plastic pipes are corrosion-resistant, no build-up- Plastic systems are joined without flame


Courtesy Lubrizol



3.b Fire Protection

Case Study:- Dormitory retrofit, University of Notre Dame (IN)- 750,000 ft2 in 12 buildings- 8,000 sprinkler heads- Installed during winter & summer breaks, 7 months- Chosen due to speed, no hot work,

resistance to corrosion and MIC



3.c Hydronic Heating & Cooling- Water (R718) is the optimal heat transfer medium or fluid - Typical hydronic systems actually outperform VRF (variable refrigerant flow) systems

by 30 to 40 percent thanks mainly to lower pumping costs- Hydronic distribution systems do not distribute refrigerants throughout buildings- Safer, no proprietary components or controls, no issues with refrigerant availability



3.c Hydronic Heating & Cooling- The chart below compares the energy used by various systems to distribute heating or

cooling capacity throughout a building- Source: HIA-C- www.iapmo.org/hiac

http://www.iapmo.org/hiac



3.c Hydronic Heating & Cooling- CPVC is approved for hydronic heating & cooling distribution in buildings


Courtesy Watts


3.d Water Service Pipelines- When installed within the jurisdiction of the plumbing code, CPVC pipe and tubing are

used for water service pipelines (there is no AWWA standard for CPVC water service)- Follow pipe or tubing manufacturer’s guidelines for approved fitting system/s

Example 1: 2021 ICC International Plumbing Code (IPC)


Courtesy Watts


3.d Water Service Pipelines- When installed within the jurisdiction of the plumbing code, CPVC pipe and tubing are

used for water service pipelines (there is no AWWA standard for CPVC water service)- Follow pipe or tubing manufacturer’s guidelines for approved fitting system/s

Example 2: 2021 IAPMO Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC)



Summary: CPVC pipes are used in multiple applications

3.a Plumbing distribution (hot- and cold-water supply)

3.b Fire protection (sprinklers)

3.c Hydronic heating and cooling

3.d Water service pipelines


4. CPVC Installation Techniques

This Learning Objective focuses on plumbing installation techniques- Sizing, fastening, hanging, supporting, pressure testing, code requirements


CPVC Installation Techniques

Sizing Pipes for Plumbing Distribution- CPVC tubing sizes are very close to copper tubing - CPVC does not suffer from mineral build-up or deposits- Plumbing codes allow for size-for-size replacement of copper with CPVC

Inside Diameters in. (typical) and Comparisons with Copper

MaterialNominal Size

Cu Tubing (Type L)

CPVC SDR 11 Tubing (ASTM D2846)

CPVC SDR 11 Tubing (ASTM D2846)

3/8 0.430 N/A N/A1/2 0.545 0.485 89%3/4 0.785 0.695 89%1 1.025 0.901 88%

1 1/4 1.265 1.105 87%1 1/2 1.505 1.309 87%

2 1.985 1.716 86%



Sizing Pipes for Plumbing Distribution- Both copper and CPVC pipes have velocity limitations:

Copper:- 8 feet per second (fps) for cold water- 4 to 5 feet per second for hot water

CPVC:- 10 feet per second (fps) for hot and cold water



Sizing Pipes for Plumbing Distribution- PPI Plastic Pipe Design Calculator www.plasticpipecalculator.com can be used to

evaluate pressure loss through several types of plastic pressure pipes

Five Sets of Functions:- Pressure Drop/Head Loss- Hydraulic Shock- Pipe Weight/Volume- Thermal Expansion/Contraction- Expansion Arm/Loop Design

http://www.plasticpipecalculator.com/



Correct installation techniques for CPVC Plumbing

- Solvent welding (details)

- Fasteners

- Protection

- Installation under slabs

- Linear expansion and contraction

- Pressure testing


Solvent Welding CPVC - One step solvent cement for use with ASTM D2846 CPVC tubing and fittings

Solvent Cement Requirements- ASTM F493- NSF mark (NSF-pw, etc.)- Manufacturer’s name and address- Used with CTS pipe and fittings- Yellow in color

Does not require the use of primer



Solvent Welding CPVC - Two-step solvent cement for use with Schedule 80 pipe and fittings

Solvent Cement Requirements- ASTM F493- Orange Color

Primer Requirements- ASTM F656- Purple or clear



Solvent Welding CPVC: Step-by-Step Instructions – Step 1- CPVC can be cut using ratchet cutters*, wheel cutters, or a fine tooth saw- Be sure to cut the pipe straight *Do not use ratchet cutters on previously installed pipe.

Step 1: Cut the pipe



Solvent Welding CPVC: Step-by-Step Instructions – Step 2- Remove any burrs or filings and bevel the end of the pipe using a chamfering tool- If a chamfering tool is not available, a sharp knife or file are suitable, but not preferred- Using a clean, dry rag wipe away any dirt and moisture from the joint surfaces

Step 2a: Prepare the pipe and fittings



Solvent Welding CPVC: Step-by-Step Instructions – Step 2b- Check the fit of the pipe and fitting:

- Pipe should make contact with socket wall 1/3 to 2/3 of the way into the fitting socket- If the pipe goes all of the way into the fitting at this stage, discard the fitting

- Immediately proceed to Step 3, do not check the fit of multiple fittings at once - This can increase the risk of an installer forgetting to solvent weld one or more of the

connections (a “dry fit”)



Solvent Welding CPVC: Step-by-Step Instructions – Step 3- Apply a heavy, even coat of one-step solvent cement to the outside of the pipe end- Using the same applicator, without additional cement, apply a thin coat inside fitting- Do not allow excess cement to puddle in the fitting and pipe assembly

Step 3. Apply One-step Solvent Cement



Solvent Welding CPVC: Step-by-Step Instructions – Step 3- Apply a heavy, even coat of one-step solvent cement to the outside of the pipe end- Using the same applicator, without additional cement, apply a thin coat inside fitting- Do not allow excess cement to puddle in the fitting and pipe assembly



Solvent Welding CPVC: Step-by-Step Instructions – Step 4- Immediately after applying solvent cement, insert the CPVC pipe into the fitting,

rotating the pipe ¼ to ½ turn while inserting to ensure even distribution of cement- Properly align the fitting and hold the assembly for approximately 10 seconds, allowing

the joint to set

Step 4: Assemble the joint



Solvent Welding CPVC: Step-by-Step Instructions – Step 5- An even bead of cement should be visible around the joint- If this bead is not visible it may indicate that solvent cement was not properly applied- In this case, disassemble and remake the joint to ensure system integrity

Step 5: verify properinstallation



Fastening CPVC: Horizontal Supports- Maintain straight alignment

- Piping should not be anchored tightly to supports

- Protect CPVC pipe when passing through metal studs

- Use hangers that can support the weight of the water-filled pipe

- Concentrated loads, such as valves, must be supported separately

- Use smooth hangers and straps that do not distort, cut, or abrade the pipe

- Allow for movement due to thermal expansion and contraction- Protects pipe and prevents noise Courtesy Uponor



Fastening CPVC: Horizontal Supports- Maintain straight alignment

- Piping should not be anchored tightly to supports

- Protect CPVC pipe when passing through metal studs


- Concentrated loads, such as valves, must be supported separately

- Use smooth hangers and straps that do not distort, cut, or abrade the pipe

- Allow for movement due to thermal expansion and contraction- Protects pipe and prevents noise Courtesy Uponor



Fastening CPVC: Horizontal Support Spacing- Manufacturer’s recommendation for Copper Tube Size CPVC Tubing:

Courtesy Uponor

Copper Tube Size (CTS) Support Spacing, Feet

Nominal Pipe Size (in)

Maximum Water Temperature

73°F 100°F 140°F 180°F

½” 4 4 3 ½ 3

¾” 5 4 ½ 4 3

1” 5 ½ 5 4 ½ 3

1 ¼” 6 5 ½ 5 4

1 ½” 6 ½ 6 5 ½ 4

2” 7 ½ 7 6 ½ 4



Fastening CPVC: Horizontal Support Spacing- Manufacturer’s recommendation for Iron Pipe Size CPVC Pipe:

Courtesy Uponor

Iron Pipe Size (IPS) Support Spacing, FeetNominal Pipe Size

(in)Maximum Water Temperature

73°F 100°F 140°F 180°F½” 5 ½ 5 4 ½ 2 ½ ¾” 5 ½ 5 ½ 4 ½ 2 ½ 1” 6 6 5 3

1 ¼” 6 ½ 6 5 ½ 31 ½” 7 6 ½ 5 ½ 3 ½ 2” 7 7 6 3 ½

2 ½” 8 7 ½ 6 ½ 43” 8 8 7 4 4” 9 9 7 ½ 4 ½6” 10 9 ½ 8 5 8” 11 10 ½ 9 5 ½10” 11 ½ 11 9 ½ 6



Fastening CPVC: Vertical Support- Vertical runs must be supported each

story height and at mid-story

- Maintain straight alignment

- Use hangers and straps that do not distort, cut, or abrade the pipe


Courtesy Uponor



Protection- Sleeving or isolators not required in wood studs

- Drill holes ¼" larger than the outside diameter of the tube, when penetrating wood studs

- Protect CPVC from abrasion and obviousabuse like cuts or gouges

- Do not use wood or plastic wedges that strain the tube as it passes through wood studs

- Do not terminate a run of tube against an immovable object

Courtesy Uponor

Courtesy Lubrizol



Protection- Use sleeves or plastic isolators through metal studs to avoid continuous abrasion

Courtesy Lubrizol

Courtesy Lubrizol



Avoid Compressive Stress- Use hangers/staples/talons without sharp edges - plastic is preferred

- Hangers/staples should not pinch the tube- Use nail plates where CPVC passes within 2 in. (5 cm) of a nailing surface on a stud



Installation Under Slabs- CPVC plumbing is recommended for use under slabs in most applications- For underslab installations, install the pipe so that it snakes from side to side in the

trench to allow for expansion and contraction



Longitudinal Expansion and Contraction- Linear expansion rate of CPVC:

2 inch per 50°F per 100 ft. length

- Offsets and loops can accommodate high expected expansion and contraction

- In most cases, expansion & contraction can be accommodated with normal changes of direction

- For long, straight runs loops or offsets will be necessary



Longitudinal Expansion and Contraction- Expansion loops/arms/legs may be needed, depending on installation type, the

expected temperature changes and tubing size - From NSPC:




expected temperature changes and tubing size



Longitudinal Expansion and Contraction- PPI Calculator at www.plasticpipecalculator.com helps with these calculations




Pressure Testing- The system should not be pressure tested until minimum cure times have been met

- Fill the system with water and bleed air from the highest point

- Pressure test in accordance with local code requirements

- DO NOT test CPVC using pressurized air or compressed gas (e.g., nitrogen) due to risk of separation under pressure




Summary- Sizing, fastening, hanging, supporting,

pressure testing, code requirements


5. Industry Resources for CPVC

PPI’s Building & Construction Division webpages provide access to:- Technical Publications- Plastic Pipe Design Calculator- Presentations and recorded webinars- Educational videos- Case studies- Industry Links- www.plasticpipe.org

BCD Homepage

http://www.plasticpipe.org/


Industry Resources for CPVC

PPI’s Building & Construction Division webpages provide access to:- CPVC webpage



PPI’s Building & Construction Division webpages provide access to:- CPVC webpage



PPI’s Building & Construction Division webpages provide access to:- Plastic Pipe Design Calculator- www.plasticpipecalculator.com



Industry Resources

The Plastic Pipe Institute- PPI Staff contact page- Phone numbers and email addresses

PPI Divisions:- Building & Construction- Drainage- Energy Piping Systems- Municipal & Industrial- Power & Communications


Course Summary

By now, you should be able to:

1. Describe CPVC pipe and tubing materials in terms of history, standards, material properties, capabilities, and code compliance.

2. Demonstrate CPVC joining techniques

3. Indicate where and how to use these materials in applications such as plumbing distribution, fire protection, hydronic heating and cooling, and water service.


Course Summary

By now, you should be able to:

4. Discuss installation requirements for CPVC plumbing applications by addressing sizing, solvent cement details, fastening, hanging, supporting, pressure-testing, and more.

5. Explain how to access industry resources related to CPVC piping materials.


CPVC Pipe & Tubing Systems for Plumbing and Mechanical Applications

Thank you

ContactLance MacNevin, P.Eng. PPI Director of Engineering - Building & Construction [email protected] Tel (469) 499-1057

mailto:[email protected]

Presentation CPVC Pipe Tubing

Documents

Transcript of Presentation CPVC Pipe Tubing