POLICY DIRECTIONS & RESOURCE MOBILISATION

ODP 2021 Provisional Report as approved by Hon’ble Administrator dated 12th December2013

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CHAPTER 13 : POLICY DIRECTIONS & RESOURCE MOBILISATION

13.1 Policy Directions for ODP Implementation For the purpose of balanced and integrated urban development of a Planning Area that constitutes: • Existing urban areas formally designated as part of Planning Area as well as

Census Towns, and • Existing rural areas (including tribal/hilly/difficult areas) that too are also formally

designated as part of Planning Area, All the spatial area that falls within the Planning Area of DNH thus gets designated as a conglomerate of urban area within the said single Planning Area of DNH. To regulate the development planning of this conglomerate of urban area, “Preparation of Development Plans” is a pre-requisite as per Chapter VI of the T&CP Act, 1984 of DNH, since a Revised Regional Plan (2007-2021) is in effect from 11th July 2007. In this context, under the provisions of Sec. 29 & 30 of the T&CP Act, 1984 of DNH this “Outline Development Plan” has been prepared and elaborated in this Draft Provisional ODP Report. Subsequent to and under the guidance of the land-use zoning provisions of the said revised RP -2021, the ODP attempts to workout: • the best possible use of the land available in the Planning Area, and • giving due consideration to the needs of the said area (whether as an existing

urban area or an existing rural area now designated as urban area) to make it a better place to live-in within one’s socio-cultural background,

by improving the quality of living environment for citizens of DNH. But mere preparation of the ODP is not sufficient, in as much as its success depends on the extent of the implementation of the said plan. Thus, all the proposals of the plan are required to be implemented within a reasonable time period (i.e. about 10 years) in phases from the ODP coming into operation, so that an equivalent reasonable time or more to avail its benefits is available till the horizon year of 2021. As mentioned earlier, this Draft ODP of DNH is prepared for the horizon year of 2021 and to serve the needs of the forecasted population of 9.71 lakhs expected to be reached till the said year. The zoning proposals of the said plan also indicates recommended broad siting of the large scale-level public utilities, as shown on the Proposed Land-use (PLU) Map, and the site & project details of such public utilities would have to be separately worked out by the DNH-PDA by itself or through


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executing agencies like PWD, E.E.-II Division of DNH as feasible/applicable. As far as traffic & transportation proposals is concerned, they being long term plans they are not expected to be completed in the first 10-12 years, and to their completion to the fullest extent such proposals may continue till the horizon year 2021. Thus, it is imperative that certain policy directions are stipulated at this stage and the same are discussed below, that when approved by the DNH-PDA could be followed to facilitate the implementation of the ODP till the horizon year 2021. These could be reviewed from time to time say, at every 5-year period after the plan coming into operation, and amended & notified whenever modifications are deemed necessary till the horizon year 2021.

13.2 Land resources Land is a critical resource and one of the most important governing factors in the physical planning process. Without land planning is not possible. More so in the context of the DNH, the availability of the contiguous parcels of the land is a concern, as the land available for any development or green use is interspersed/abutting at most of the places of Planning area with the reserved forests land under the jurisdiction of the Department of Forests. Apart from the above constraint the rising land prices in the existing urban areas or existing rural areas that now have become urban areas when being part of a Planning Area designated for urban development, could result in heavy compensation liability and pose a severe constraint for the DNH-PDA in undertaking the improvement of existing urban areas or providing public utilities/social amenities in planned manner in these existing rural areas as well that are now part of a conglomerate of urban area in the said single Planning Area of DNH. Thus, several options normally applicable in the Indian context on making the land resource available for urban development are described below and recommended. 13.2.1 Resource Mobilisation – Land Availability Implementation of ODP proposals by the DNH-PDA (the current planning & development authority of DNH for a single Planning Area), would require procurement of the land – either by private negotiations or through the legal acquisition process under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894. Land procurement through such means naturally requires huge investment. Due to lack of adequate financial support, acquisition of sites for public purposes is normally not achieved satisfactorily, and the plan, more or less may remain to a large extent only a plan on paper. In DNH context this scenario may still hold good, as though DNH being a UT that promotes industrial development with certain centre’s policy level incentives and contributes significantly to the central treasury, current financial assistance has definitely a scope to be better if the centre’s Five-year/Annual Plan allocation is


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commensurate to such contribution of DNH UT. This improvement should be considered as something necessary due to the fact that the DNH being a predominantly a tribal-cum-rural in nature with lot of natural resources to be conserved, and in the single Planning Area for urban development covering the existing urban areas as well as the existing rural/tribal/hilly/difficult areas now designated as urban – the timely provision of urban level amenities would definitely require some level of subsidy to compensate for reduced revenue recovery till the socio-economic capabilities of the DNH citizens improve in the longer run. It is therefore necessary that urban land needs to be considered as an asset, and should be utilised for generating the required resources for its development. The Planning Commission, GoI is also of the view that in general, the plans for the urban development of the planning areas should be on self-financing basis. Thus, for an effective implementation of urban planning schemes, the same should be self-financing through private and/or government (i.e. like PPP) means, and should not financially burden a planning authority, i.e. currently the DNH-PDA. Land being an asset, it should also be suitably conserved as described in the environmental controls section below. 13.2.2 Resource Mobilisation – Financial Implications of Cost of Implementation of ODP and Ways & Means of Effective Implementation The broad costs of the various proposals of the ODP have been worked out. The basis for the same was taken as the market value of the land as per the Ready Reckoner of Land Prices prescribed by DNH UT Administration, and the construction/development costs (of Pucca/Semi-pucca structures & roads) as informed by the PWD, E.E.-II Division of DNH. Though the ODP contains proposals in respect of various public utilities / social amenities, implementation of each and every proposal may not be the sole responsibility of DNH-PDA. Various other Government Departments to which a plan proposal relates shall work out its siting details & project details and bear the cost of procurement/acquisition of land and development of such sites, with due plan related procedural approvals from DNH-PDA. Further with the help of various ways & means as available under the provisions of the T&CP Act, 1984 of DNH, as also under the Government Directions/Guidelines/Notifications of DNH UT Administration issue from time to time, and by making utmost efforts of resource mobilisation wherever possible, the net cost of implementation of ODP, to the DNH-PDA could be considerably reduced.


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13.2.3 Resource Mobilisation – Methods of Possible Public Participation in Implementation of ODP In the context of making the implementation of ODP – somewhat self-financing as mentioned earlier, so as to reduce the burden of payment of compensation by DNH-PDA, for procurement of/acquiring the land etc., certain methods applicable in Indian context are described below and recommended. The main aim of these useful methods is to secure land without incurring much expenditure on the cost of land acquisition. These methods also mean giving immense importance to the public participation in implementation of ODP, while DNH-PDA plays more the role of a facilitator. a) Land Pooling & Readjustment Scheme Option Land re-adjustment is a process whereby a planning authority assembles numerous small parcels of raw land as a common land pool, without paying any compensation to the land owners. The planning authority then sub-divides such assembled lands/common land pool for urban development, and returns most of the building sites to the original land owners in proportion to their land holding contribution and permitting them the right of alienating such sites for the land owner’s purposes in conformity with the land-use zoning of the land.

The planning authority however, retains a portion of the assembled lands, applying them partly to provide roads, public utilities, social amenities, & recreational needs, and the remainder land for public sale to recover the cost of development. Thus, land re-adjustment option acts as a tool to achieve unified control over large number of parcels / area of land, and as an instrument of financing infrastructure development/services in the process of planned urban growth.

b) Town Planning Scheme (TPS) Option This option is also known as the “Land Pooling & Redistribution Scheme” with the difference from the earlier discussed scheme of “Land Pooling & Readjustment Scheme” being that the cost for provision of infrastructure is recovered through contributions from land owners, and the entire scheme of land development & servicing can be self-financing while the planning authority can secure lands free-of-cost for public purposes and also for affordable housing (i.e. housing for EWS/LIG sections). Also, what distinguishes the town planning scheme from bulk land acquisition or selective acquisition of land under reservation is the entitlement of the land owners to the profits and benefits of this scheme, and thus mandate of land owners to participate in such a planned scheme for urban development could be more forthcoming with a sense of ownership of making such a planned development happen.

Thus, Town Planning Scheme is considered to be the best tool for implementation of development plans. Under T&CP Act, 1984 of DNH the provisions of Chapter VIII,


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Sec. 56 prescribes necessary aspects of making of town planning schemes and its scope by DNH-PDA. In principle, the Town Planning Scheme is joint land development project that could be undertaken by the owners of land and the DNH-PDA, wherein the owners’ lands are pooled to secure a good layout thereof to accommodate urban expansion in an orderly manner. After taking away the land required for any specific public purposes and roads of the ODP, the remaining land is distributed amongst the owners in the form of reconstituted developed final plots, with the allotment being in proportion to their original land holdings. The size and shape of every reconstituted plot is determined, as far as may be, to render it suitable for building purposes; and where the plot is already built-upon, to ensure that the building as far as possible complies with the provisions of the town planning scheme as regards to open spaces [Refer Sec. 61-(1) of T&CP Act, 1984 of DNH]. When the Town Planning Scheme is fully sanctioned, the land meant for public purposes would vest with the DNH-PDA, free from all encumbrances [refer Sec. 66-(3) of T&CP Act, 1984 of DNH].

Under such scheme entire cost of acquisition of sites, and the cost of development works, included in the scheme are charged to the owners subject to 1/3rd of the incremental contribution estimated and accrued for respective plot/holding [Refer Sec. 88-(1)-(a) of T&CP Act, 1984 of DNH]. This procedure not only ensures quick possession of public utility / social amenity sites and road lands, almost without or with little financial burden expected on the DNH-PDA, but also helps such planning & development authority to mop up unearned income by ways of betterment levy and eliminates usual lengthy / cumbersome land acquisition proceedings. Town Planning Scheme is thus also known in planning fraternity, as a method of “land acquisition method without tears”.

For effective implementation of the ODP, Town Planning Scheme for at least one each for the fast developing areas of various DNH settlements will prove to be very helpful. Once the ODP is sanctioned by the DNH UT Administration, areas admeasuring 50 - 60 Ha. on a contiguous parcels of land (i.e. about 125-150 Acres) could be identified on pilot basis in the first instance for Town Planning Schemes– one each at Naroli Village (western part), Velugam (south-western part), Kherdi (southern part), Khanvel (south-eastern part), Saily (north-central part), and Sili (northern part). This process can then be extended to other villages in a phased manner, based on the success trend / growth / extent / pressure of development in DNH.

Magarpatta City, near Hadapsar at Pune in Maharashtra is one well-executed example, albeit as a joint effort of over hundred land owners of Magarpatta Village in collaboration with a Private Developer for development of a town planning scheme spread over 400 acres of land. Such an effort could also be thought off to be permitted


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to willing parties, adopting the framework of Chapter VIII of T&CP Act, 1984 of DNH on Town Planning Schemes.

c) Accommodation Reservation Option The land owners affected (i.e. project affected persons – PAP) due to proposals of a development plan are generally unwilling to part with their land by accepting the monetary compensation. But this does not mean that they are non-cooperative in the plan implementation process. In so far as public responses for planning proposals are concerned, the owner’s participation and involvement in the development process, as generally experienced as fairly positive /favourable or at least not violently unfavourable, as in the case of bulk land acquisition.

The concept of accommodation reservation in the above context, allows the land owners to develop their land (that is reserved for public purposes), subject to agreeing the handover of the built-up area of such an amenity to the planning authority free of cost. The owner in return is then allowed to use the full permissible FSI on the said plot, without taking into account the area utilised for the said amenity. This mechanism can considerably relive the planning authority from huge expenses otherwise required to be incurred for the purpose of acquisition of lands. The only problem in this kind of option is that the road/parking and related infrastructure at that location could get little constrained due to – the said amenity use, and extra FSI consumed by the land owner in-lieu of the said amenity.

Thus, barring the above constraint it is hoped that DNH-PDA in general if adopts, where necessary the accommodation reservation option, it would open-up new avenues in achieving the necessary co-operation from landowners in implementing the ODP planning proposals.

d) Development Right (DR) Option The concept of TDR in India is about two-decades old by now (extensively used at Mumbai in Maharashtra and reportedly working well), wherein the participation of the landowner is sought for the purpose of implementation of planning proposals. Till such times, lands reserved for public utilities / social amenities provisioned in plans, for example: • In Maharashtra, such reservations in development plans were generally acquired

under Sec. 126 of the Maharashtra Regional & Town Planning (M.R. &T.P.) Act, 1966

• in DNH, land for any reservations in Regional Plan [the only physical plan that existed till now in DNH, with reservation of land prescribed under Sec. 11-(2)-(b) of the T&CP Act, 1984 of DNH] were generally acquired under Sec. 41 of the T&CP Act, 1984 of DNH.


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In the TDR concept, the development potential of the plot is separated there from and made available to the owner of the land in the form of FSI. The land owner is normally allowed to use the FSI so received, outside the congested area i.e. to go outwards from the congested area/ core of a settlement. Thus, for the TDR concept to be applicable, originating and receiving zones have to be identified in a development plan. The said land owner may have its own land in such TDR receiving zone to utilise this FSI or can collaborate with another land owner in such a receiving zone by selling the TDR share, subject to the conformity to the land-use and road ROWs (for handling such extra FSI) as defined in the said receiving zone. DNH UT, is an area of industrial activity promotion based on central industrial incentives, and is not only located close to the industrial city of Vapi in Gujarat but also is favourably located i.e. about mid-way from the industrial/financial cities of Mumbai in Maharashtra and Surat in Gujarat. All this has its impact on increase in urbanization and rising land values in DNH. It has generally been observed that with rising land values in areas under the control of development planning it has not been possible for the planning authorities to keep up the pace of implementation of its development plans at the desired levels. With a result, the implementation of plans and projects in such urban areas has lagged behind in comparison to their mandates. To overcome this problem of monetary compensation to the concerned landowners, TDR concept came into being (refer initiatives of Government of Maharashtra on their Municipal DCRs, and amendments made in M.R. &T.P. Act, 1966). In the DNH context, TDR provision can be made for future, wherein the TDR originating zone would be the core of the each settlement they may normally have upper part of the density range, while the TDR receiving zone would be the peripheral area of the same and/or any other settlement that would normally be having the lower part of the density range. Even if the land owner possessing a TDR certificate does not own a land in the receiving zone, he/she can collaborate with/sell TDR share to a land owner in the receiving zone, subject to the conformity to the land-use and minimum road ROWs applicable (for handling such extra FSI) as suitably defined as part of the next level of development planning exercise by DNH-PDA subsequent to this ODP for the said TDR receiving zone. This would provide an economic benefit to the land owner of such peripheral areas, which though are rural-cum-tribal in character, but are part of the said single Planning Area and thus shall have access to planned economic opportunities / amenity services over time, through their participation in utilising such FSI potential available to them through either their own or others’ TDR certificate. However, if DNH UT Administration agrees upon the possible benefits of usage of Development Rights concept in DNH towards the desired levels of development planning, through DNH-PDA this:


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The Authority may permit development potential of land, reserved for road widening or for construction of new road in the ODP of DNH area, to be separated from the land itself and to be made available to the owner of land as Development Rights (DR) in the form of Floor Space Index (FSI), provided the owner is prepared to surrender such area for road widening / new road without claiming any compensation for the land. The owner may use the said DR / FSI himself for use on any other land within the same village / town, subject to maximum 40% additional FSI over and above the base FSI as prescribed in this regulations. Development Rights (DR) shall apply to cases, where a private land is required for

• any road widening/ new road formation as proposed in the ODP/ Regional Plan,

• Any traffic and transport infrastructure development such as bus stops/stands etc.

Any urban infrastructure development such as water supply, sewerage, drainage, electricity, education, health, notified by the Administration of DNH or Government Agency or any local body e) Grant of Additional FSI This provision in the Development Control Regulations (DCR) of the ODP for DNH would allow the owner to avail additional FSI in lieu of the compensation payable to them for acquisition of their land required for new roads or widening of existing road ROWs, provided they hand-over the said land to the planning authority i.e. DNH-PDA, free of cost. It is quite possible thereby to have land required for road proposals of the ODP, almost at no cost. If an affected land owner, who possesses such additional FSI cannot use the same in-situ, then he/she can use the same in their land elsewhere or transfer them to other landowner/developer on sale as feasible. Also, if the land owner / real-estate developer may be given an additional FSI as incentive, if the said incentive is developed fully for creating of housing stock to meet affordable housing needs. f) Designation of Commercial Use / Mixed Land-use along New Roads / Widened Roads when providing Land-uses in a Planning Zone, as feasible Another new concept to avail lands for new roads or widening of roads for major road corridors could be to provide the opportunity of zoning of commercial strips or re-introducing mixed land-use designation in strips along such new roads or widened roads (e.g. as practiced in Rajasthan in recent times). This kind of land-use designation could be worked out in consonance with the overall requirements of permitting such uses, and the portion of such land-use designation to be located in preference at locations along such new roads or widened roads. While, the land for such new roads or widened roads is availed free of cost.


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This concept could work in the following manner: • If the total width of such new road or widened part of road is W with area A, then

an additional W/2 (i.e. half of the road width) equivalent width of strip with area as A/2 on the either side of such road is designated as commercial or mixed land-use strip, while the land area A is surrendered free-of-cost to the planning authority for developing such road ROW.

• One side of this strip i.e W/2 wide or of area A/2 on the side of land owners residences along such road is returned to the land owner to be utilised for designated commercial land-use, and they are exempted from the charge applicable for conversion of use as they have got this land returned back in lieu of surrender of their land to planning authority as part of such a scheme (i.e. in total 25% equivalent of such total land area of 2A surrendered for scheme, is available back to the land owner to utilise for such designated land-uses for commercial economic activity in their vicinity with minimal commuting distance).

• The other side strip i.e. W/2 wide or of area A/2 on along such road is handed-over free-of-cost to the planning authority to utilise it for designated commercial & institutional type mixed land-use so that it can generate revenue from such designated land-use activities by sale through auction, to recover the cost of developing such road work and other infrastructure/services.

• The benefits are evident from above like, land owners gets the opportunity to exploit the commercial potential of its land with no land-use conversion fee, the land value of the returned land strip goes up due to such sanctioned designation, the returned land strip is on the side of road near their residences, desirable land-use pattern supporting economic activity could be framed and achieved along well accessible locations, the planning authority can recover developmental costs for road and other works; i.e. a win-win situation for both the land owner and the planning authority.

The above concept could be customised further like, the maximum FSI permissible for development when fronting such roads for access could be applicable for such designated land-uses (while the mixed land-use designation could also permit the combination of commercial & residential uses), and thus to have higher densities utilised along such transit corridors/nodes. Also, when land in such developed scheme is used for informal sector usage, say for affordable housing to a certain percentage of total housing units, then as an incentive an additional commensurate percentage of above FSI (both percentage figures as derived by the DNH-PDA based on socio-economic conditions and housing mix required) could be further permitted for formal sector housing use. Or otherwise a percentage could be fixed by DNH-PDA of additional FSI to be only utilised for creating the affordable housing for EWS & LIG categories.


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g) Public/Private Participation in General (PPP Mode) In the context of public participation in the ODP implementation process, the DNH-PDA and/or SMC and DP (as applicable), instead of being sole government agencies to implement the plan in the conglomerate of urban areas of the single Planning Area, could allow reputed willing private institutions/ firms, which are engaged in similar activities to develop various public utilities / amenities as per terms & conditions mutually acceptable for such project procurement / execution / operation & maintenance in public-private partnership (PPP) mode, keeping in mind the welfare and interest of the common citizens. Thus, a large number of such utilities/amenities vested with the government agencies could be leased out to such institutions/firms for developing and running the said activities (government agency may charge a premium in-lieu of certain rights etc.) under the terms and conditions acceptable to both the parties. Some of the sites like gardens & parks, recreational complexes etc. could be allowed to be developed by the Industrial / Business Houses. Social organizations / NGOs would also be certainly willing to lend a helping hand in implementation of some of the proposals of the ODP. For more details on such alternative sources of infrastructure financing, development, and management refer the implementation plan section further ahead under this Chapter. h) Land Acquisition Option Acquisition of land for public purposes through the means of compulsory land acquisition shall be the last option to be adopted by DNH-PDA, when implementing the ODP planning proposals, as this acquisition process through monetary compensation is in general lengthy, cumbersome, and prone to litigational delays. If this option is to be adopted, then the Sec. 41 of the T&CP Act, 1984 prescribes the power to acquire land, and the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 has to be followed for the same. However, this option would be necessary to be adopted when the land holdings are observed to be very small and proportionate return of land to the land owner is not feasible in a scheme, to be developed using the above methods. i) Sharing of Cost The proposals/large-scale level sites to be developed and facilities to be provided could be of two types:

(a) normally small scale level proposals/sites for which the DNH-PDA and/or SMC and DP (in the urban/rural areas, as applicable) is the appropriate implementing authority and is also responsible for providing (i.e. operating & maintaining) the utility/amenity

(b) higher grade or large-scale level proposals/sites those which could be provided by other institutions/firms of even other specialised government departments like Education, Medical & Public Health, Tourism, etc. where


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the said activity does not fall under the obligatory duty of the DNH-PDA and/or SMC and DP (as applicable).

The proposals of the type (a) would normally consist of primary schools, dispensaries, gardens / playgrounds, community markets, convenience shopping centres, roads etc. could be provided primarily by the DNH-PDA in terms of planning and/or SMC and DP in terms of actual execution. However, while doing so the suitable land availability options shall be adopted to reduce the financial burden. In fact by developing such sites as community markets, convenience shopping centres, etc., earling of surplus funds is quite possible by disposal of commercial/office spaces. These authorities by developing such lucrative sites can divert the surplus funds so received to finance other non-remunerative projects of the ODP. As regard to the type (b) proposals/sites like secondary schools/colleges, CHC/Polyclinic or Private Hospital/Nursing Homes, city-level recreational complexes, etc., these could be allowed to be developed by reputed willing institutions / firms or other specialised government departments. Even if the DNH-PDA is the planning authority and/or SMC and DP remain the main authorities to ensure implementation of such proposals, they may either acquire the land or hand-over the same to such institutions on lease (by charging full premium with nominal rent) for development or can give a “no objection certificate” to the said institution for acquisition and development of the said site, with minimal financial burden to the planning/implementing authority.

13.3 Housing/Shelter The broad policy direction in this regard is to provide access to decent shelter to all income categories of population of DNH. Especially, the lower income categories of EWS and LIG (also considering the current scenario of predominant population being rural-cum-tribal in nature with a low-economic profile) and the housing for industrial workers/transit accommodation need special attention. This requires a necessary housing mix to be ascertained by DNH-PDA from time to time based on socio-economic condition assessments, and development of its own context specific Housing Policy (in consonance with the National Housing Policy provisions) where income categories / eligibility criteria’s are properly defined including for the needs of affordable housing to met through various means of ownership or rental housing stock. Refer Chapter 5 on Housing as mentioned earlier for details.

13.4 Physical Infrastructure Despite the context of DNH area being geographically well spread out with significant locations sparsely populated and located in spread out/difficult access areas, the accessibility to a centralised/piped water and sanitation infrastructure has


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been recommended. However, considering the fact that various spread out / difficult access areas would take time to fully grow as urban areas, such infrastructure shall be still made through local/decentralised systems, even if they are found to be expensive. Similarly, the provision of drainage infrastructure is recommended by default, unless the natural drainage conditions are suitable enough not constructing built-drainage systems (e.g. hilly terrain areas). While, the discharge of storm water shall be through various natural primary/secondary drains spread out as part of DNH topography, the attempt shall be to adopt green infrastructure practices to contain storm water loads. The solid waste disposal landfill sites is however a requirement at city level of population (i.e. total population DNH) in general, and these are suggested to be located to utilise the existing quarry sites that are away from habitation (Khadoli, Umarkui, & Morkhal) in general. However, where feasible in low-lying areas in the spread out/difficult access areas, waste composting with / without energy recovery is to be encouraged. The maintenance of such drainage systems and primary collection of solid waste shall have access to services offered by formal/informal small-scale infrastructure entrepreneurs for efficient maintenance services. For power infrastructure, necessary augmentations have to be taken by the Electricity Department, as per the CEA, GoI norms for power transmission and distribution requirements (norms of UDPFI Guidelines, 1996 / Master Plan for Delhi – 2021 could also be adopted for populations of lower planning units like sector level for effective and efficient electricity supply). The overall power demand was derived using a higher norm of double the value of provision in UDPFI Guidelines, 1996 that prescribes 2 KW of power required per household, due to the actual observation of electricity consumed as an average for all uses in the DNH per household. Such a higher figure can be attributed to the fact that the RP-2021 has proposed accelerated economic growth primarily through industrialisation in DNH, with the gross industrial use zone proposed as 18.8% of the DNH Planning Area, which is if compared to prescribed norms of UDPFI Guidelines is double the industrial land use distribution range of 8-10% for a medium level town (i.e. up to 1000,000 population). While, the proposal of creation of own power generation capacities through conventional methods for the UT of DNH and Daman & Diu is already under process by the said UT Administration, which would definitely be required considering the additional power demand generated till 2031. However, exploration of non-conventional energy generation at local/sector level (e.g. wind power / solar power) / housing cluster level (e.g. biomass / community digester system) / individual beneficiary level (e.g. solar power / micro-wind turbine for a house level). Suitable telecommunication infrastructure augmentation is also highlighted. However, the actual need as felt by the Department of Telecommunication, GoI or the trend of usage of cellular (mobile) communication vis a vis the landline connectivity demand,


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would affect the requirement of land for telephone exchanges, as well as the demand levels in spread out/ difficult access areas considering the extent of DNH geographical area spread for the need and siting of local small exchanges or remote subscriber units, for an effective and efficient telecommunication service.

13.5 Social Infrastructure As the DNH geographical area spread is significant, coupled with the natural conditions of varying terrain / interspersed forest areas leading to discontinuous parcels of land / scattered population pockets / limited land availability for development as per the zoning provisions of RP-2021, the emphasis in this ODP for DNH is to ensure that the equitable distribution of the social infrastructure is ensured, despite such constraints. To achieve such an objective and to optimally utilise the land available, certain measures were necessary to be undertaken. These measures are the suggestion to consider the land areas as 75% of the UDPFI Guidelines, 1996 prescribed norm for all social and recreational amenities for proper landuse distribution pattern in general. While in some specific cases where the gross developable area density is expected to be much higher than the UDPFI Guidelines prescribed limit of such density being 150 persons per hectare, such reduction in areas is further extended to 50% level for educational facilities & basic recreational spaces to accommodate such amenities optimally within limited urbanizable core area, coupled with the measures of possibility of accommodating the population load through other areas of the same planning sector / planning zone. In the case of hilly/tribal/difficult areas this consideration of scaling down the normative area is also extended to 50% level in respect of the educational facilities. And this reduction primarily meant for playfield areas is suggested to be compensated in terms of such usage through the usage of/possible integration with the formal recreational spaces provisioned in such areas. Some other special provisions have been made that, an educational institution of engineering college level has also been proposed as by 2031, the DNH Population is expect to reach the 1000,000 persons. This facility could also act as a research university for DNH / any national level needs, as one of the key aspects of DNH is its high level of industrialization proposed as per RP-2021. So, a research university could possibly complement the needs of DNH industries in specific or in general contributing the country’s research requirements for industries / science / humanities (e.g. DNH is predominantly a tribal region of habitation) But developing such physical and social infrastructure to meet the desirable urban norms, would also require support of adequate manpower availability and developmental capacities, and hence role of private sector institutions would also be required.


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13.6 Traffic & Transportation Since, currently the DNH area is accessible only through surface transportation mechanism of roads, a suitable hierarchy of the same is recommended from 45 m to 18 m right way, with suitable build to line sections illustrated for typical streetscape sections, that may be implemented as “complete streets” concept catering as well to the needs of pedestrians, bicyclists, and a green corridor continuum. Wherever, for the purpose of mandatorily providing the accessibility to remote habitation areas smaller right of ways have also been suggested. Parking provisions have also been considered based on optimal usage, as it’s a fact that both - too little or too excessive parking does not serve the purpose. While, the land-use and transportation relationship with respect to transit-oriented development with higher densities at the nodes have been suggested. The terminal facilities have also been integrated with such existing proposals for Transport Nagar and newer ones for Bus Terminus have been duly recommended. As regards to railway facilities, currently no such connectivity exists in DNH area from the nearest Western Railway network passing through Vapi and Bhilad terminal facilities in the state of Gujarat. However, considering the existing proposal of central government of Delhi – Mumbai Freight Corridor with a hub at Vapi, a tentative rail-based freight complex is suggested within the DNH area i.e. at the south-western part of Naroli. This may be suitably developed after the central government works out the suitable rail alignment to connect the same from Vapi. The connectivity of the proposed Airport at Luhari (RP-2021) has been retained, with compatible land-use and zoning adjacent to it. Additionally, a new larger site has been proposed for the airport at Masat, Samarvani Village. The development of the airport which may take place at a later stage may take place at any of the sites depending on the techno- commercial feasibility. As regards to using the irrigation canals for transportation purposes, no proposal has been made. These are minor irrigation canals apart from few major ones, and any transportation related usage of the same would depend not only on the administrative jurisdictional issues but also the suitability of channel depth / availability of water depth for size of such transportation modes. Meanwhile, the road connectivity to all the habitation areas has been further improved in this ODP-2021’s road network plan. Refer Chapter 8 on Traffic & Transportation for the details in this regard.

13.7 Environmental Control The planning proposals in the ODP cover the following major areas, which are normally looked at from the perspective of any environmental issues due to their implementation:


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• Traffic & Transportation: roads, terminuses – bus / truck / airport • Physical Infrastructure/ Public Utilities: treatment plants – water supply / sewage,

and solid waste – transfer / disposal sites • Social Infrastructure/Amenities: educational facilities and health-care facilities • Other Community Facilities/Services: town / community halls, markets, and

convenience shopping centres, slaughter house/sea-food industry (as Daman coast is only 30 km from DNH territory), and cremation sites / burial grounds

• Recreational Facilities: parks & gardens, playgrounds, riverfront development sites, and tourism-like recreational facilities on hilly terrain / facing dam reservoir.

Even though most of the proposals are relatively small in number, while some are at the broad/large-scale level at ODP stage, still some impact can be expected to due to these developments on the surrounding environment of habitation, as well as compatibility with natural resource conditions wherever interspersed with such habitation areas. The potential negative impacts of these planning proposals on development are felt to be of varying range from negligible to significant. The proposals that are expected to have negligible negative impacts are not discussed here. Instead, the proposals that are expected to have negative impacts requiring their proper mitigation and management controls are listed and described below: • Markets and convenience shopping centres • Health-care facilities requiring proper medical waste disposal including

incineration • Recreational facilities of the nature of riverfront development sites, and tourism-

like recreational facilities on hilly terrain / facing dam reservoir • Traffic & Transportation proposals on roads, terminuses – bus / truck / airport • Slaughter house sites / any sea-food industry activity • Water Treatment Plants (WTP) sites • Sewage Treatment Plants/Common Effluent Treatment Plant (STP/CETP) sites • Solid waste management – transfer / disposal sites • Cremation sites / burial grounds • Any future non-conventional energy projects (e.g. wind power generation). The salient environmental control issues concerning the above proposals are the described here for appropriate management measures required to properly implement these proposals. 13.7.1 Markets and Convenience Shopping Centres Such markets and shopping centres whether at neighbourhood/community zone/city level both in formal and informal sector are major source of solid wastes. The wastes are typically generated from the vegetable/fruit shops, poultry/fish shops, restaurants, stores, offices, etc. These wastes contain relatively higher fraction of organic material and high moisture content. These wastes are rapidly degradable, which can lead to nuisance of pests / obnoxious odour / disease. Generation of leachates from the


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collected waste dumps can cause water pollution problems, especially during the rainy season (e.g. water supply lines with any leakage if coming in contacts with such leachate affected accumulated surface water and also such water seeping down to ground water levels). And such dumps if not regularly cleared also lead to poor visual appeal of living environment. Thus, proper waste management, can however, minimise the negative impact. The measures that are recommended for such wastes are recommended as follows: • Indiscriminate dumping of waste around the place such market / shopping

activities should not be allowed. Provision of waste collection bins of suitable capacity, at appropriate location, with appropriate site design - for quick clearance & ease of lifting the same through manual/mechanical collection for onward waste transfer/disposal as well as that protects the waste being accessed by stray animals/rag pickers, should be made at such markets and shopping centres.

• From the perspective of performance of waste clearance, the waste collection bins should be completely emptied when the garbage is collected to prevent any carry-over of waste. Also, any burning of waste at the waste storage/collection areas should not be allowed to prevent any problems arising thereof like, air pollution, bad odour, poor visual appeal etc. Also, the design of waster collection bins / transfer sites shall have bin cover or roof cover to minimise any occurrence of mixing of waste with rainwater and its subsequent saturation.

• A proper DNH-PDA and/or SMC and DP level regulatory control on the same could be thought off for keeping such premises clean through incentives / penalty measures applicable to the shop owners / any such local market association.

• The concept of involving NGOs that provide controlled services to rag picker type activity in a more hygienic/safe manner in terms of concentrated waste segregation and re-cycling efforts may instead be encouraged, than individual rag-pickers roaming the streets/markets for such wastes to recover recyclable wastes. Such a waste-segregation and recyclable facility under controlled conditions may be provided near the transfer sites before final disposal at the same place or elsewhere.

• The transportation of wastes from waste storage/collection areas to the intermediate transfer sites / final disposal sites should be regular and efficient. Waste should not be hauled in open trucks and instead modern enclosed trucks with compression equipments shall be utilised which may facilitate to ensure meeting the need of not spilling over the waste during the transfer of wastes through road transport. Also, it should be ensured as far as possible that the schedule of transportation of waste does not conflict with the period of peak-traffic on roads.

• Even in the general case of solid waste management, for the domestic waste or the non-hazardous industrial waste, the concept of at source segregation of organic & in-organic wastes should be encouraged, while the waste disposal sites be suitably


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designed for avoiding any ground/sub-ground level contamination and bird menace over such disposal sites. DNH-PDA and/or SMC and DP may collaborate with PCC on technical understanding for designing such disposal sites or through PPP mode of participation of private sector experts.

• Specifically, DNH-PDA and/or SMC and DP may also adhere to the provisions of the Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000 notified by the Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF), Government of India (GoI) through its Gazette Notification dated 25th September 2000, the applicability of which is for collection, segregation, storage, transportation, processing and disposal of municipal solid wastes. The Sec.7 of the said Rules covers the aspect of “Management of municipal solid wastes - (1) Any municipal solid waste generated in a city or a town, shall be managed and handled in accordance with the compliance criteria and the procedure laid down in Schedule-II. (2) The waste processing and disposal facilities to be set up by the municipal authority on their own or through an operator of a facility shall meet the specifications and standards as specified in Schedules III and IV.” Also, Manual of Municipal Solid Waste Management prepared in May 2000, by CPHEEO, Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD), GoI can be referred in this regard for various aspects of solid waste management.

13.7.2 Health-care Facilities Health-care facilities, such as dispensaries, hospitals, maternity / nursing homes, diagnostic laboratories, etc. are likely to generate potentially hazardous wastes, which could typically include the following: • Human anatomical waste • Blood and body fluids • Waste sharp objects like needles, syringes, scalpels, blades, other accessory

materials like plastic and glass, and other such discarded medical equipments • Soiled cotton, dressing material, and bed linen • Outdated, contaminated, and discarded medicines • Glassware • Solid waste • Liquid waste • Incineration waste • General waste that is non-hazardous, domestic in nature, and originating from

canteen and administrative offices of a health-care facility. The MoEF, GoI has brought out a Gazette Notification on Bio-Medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998 dated 20th July 1998, under the Environment Protection Act, 1986, with an amendment issued in 2000. The rules are applicable to all persons who generate, collect, receive, store, transport, treat, dispose off, or handle


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bio-medical waste in any form. It defines the “bio-medical waste” as any waste, which is generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals or in research activities pertaining to in the production or testing of biologicals, and including categories mentioned in Schedule I, of the said Rules. The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has set-up the environmental standards and guidelines for management of hospital wastes during the year 1996 under the Environment Protection Act, 1986. These guidelines recommend the type of containers and colour coding for collection of different classes of waste, and treatment method for each waste class. The above guidelines and standards should be strictly adhered to, and the bio-medical waste generating institution has the duty to take all steps to ensure that such waste is handled without any adverse effect to human health and the environment, and the compliance of the same may be monitored with the assistance of PCC. The existing hazardous waste disposal facility i.e. Integrated Common Hazardous Wastes Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facility - ICHWTSDF for the UT of Daman & Diu (Daman part) and Dadra & Nagar Haveli being developed at Mota Randha village could be expanded by 1-1/2 times by 2021 with the industrial growth. The capacity of this facility should be enough to handle the load of hazardous industrial waste, medical waste, any slaughter house waste, etc. As per the above-mentioned Bio-Medical Waste (Management & Handling Rules), 1998, bio-medical waste shall be treated and disposed of in accordance with Schedule I, and in compliance with the standards prescribed in Schedule V. Also, the transportation of any medical wastes to such a treatment facility must be carried out in specifically designed dedicated vehicles. Such vehicles for transportation of medical waste shall be labelled as given in Schedule III (Bio-hazard Symbol), and should also carry information prescribed Schedule IV. 13.7.3 Recreational Facilities The large scale recreational facilities that are to be developed as riverfront development and dam reservoir facing tourism type recreational activities require suitable environment controls to be in place. In DNH, the opportunity of such development exists at the following locations: • Riverfront development sites on Damanganga river

1) Tighra (Dadra Patelad/Planning Sector-A) 2) Kudacha / Karad (Rakholi Patelad//Planning Sector-C) 3) Athal (Naroli Patelad//Planning Sector-D)

• Riverfront development sites on Sakartod river 4) Bindrabin (Amboli Patelad/Planning Sector-F)


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5) Chauda (Khanvel Patelad/Planning Sector-I) • Riverfront development sites on Piparia river

6) Athola (Silvassa Patelad/ Planning Sector-B) • Riverfront development site within the current RTZ area proposed in Mota

Randha (Randha Patelad/Planning Sector-H) • Dam reservoir facing tourism type recreational sites

1) Dudhani (Dudhani Patelad/Planning Sector-J) 2) Kauncha (Dudhani Patelad/Planning Sector-J)

All these sites are generally accessible, with some improvements in the road surface conditions are required, and some would also require creation of suitable weirs (subject to approval of concerned irrigation authority) for water retention so as to meet the riverfront development needs. These sites not only can be utilised by the local residents as recreational facilities in these Patelads (nearby Patelad that may not have access water bodies of significant size/water availability), but would also attract outside travellers, like the existing case of Dudhani and Bindrabin tourist complexes. While Dudhani is known for its aquaserene water sports complex and relaxation facilities with good scenic views, Bindrabin is known for religious pilgrimage and has water facing tourist resort facility. However, scope for improvement is quite possible at both these locations as proper water fronting recreational sites. Generally these types of recreational areas have potential to generate solid wastes consisting of waste food, packaging/wrapping material which could be of paper / polythene / tetrapack, waste from any unauthorised hawkers, etc. If these sites do not have adequate and properly located waste collection bins, and the timely & efficient collection and linkage with disposal system, such waste has all likelihood of end up in the water body. Thus, along with the recreational type development along such water bodies, proper solid waste collection and disposal system shall be implemented. In addition to this another primary requirement for visitors to such facilities is of drinking water and toilets. Such facilities and related drainage needs to be properly provided on-site itself with proper type localised arrangements to avoid any reaching of waste related contamination in such water bodies, wherever these are away from the piped water supply and sewerage network. Mechanised boat usage where not necessarily required (with the exception of accessing the four villages of Kauncha, Jamalpada, Gunsa, and Bildhari across the Damanganga reservoir tail stretch for domestic and tourism related needs due to wider distance) shall be prohibited to prevent any contamination of water body due to oil & grease. 13.7.4 Traffic & Transportation a) Roads Requirement of land for development of roads / its junctions, and terminuses – bus / truck / airport have likelihood of the negative impacts of rehabilitation & resettlement


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requirements when any new development / improvement works / grade separation works (road / rail based) etc. is to be carried out. Since most of the proposed new roads in DNH are located in the sparsely populated and scattered habitations, this impact is likely to be minimal. However, at several places where the road is passing through the reserved forest areas under the jurisdiction of the Department of Forests, necessary coordinated efforts to pursue for timely permission of developing the roads & related cross-drainage works would be an administrative issue of challenge. Widening of ROWs of existing roads can affect existing buildings. While planning the alignments of the road proposals, maximum attention has been paid to minimise the number of such existing buildings getting affected. The land owners whose legitimate buildings are however getting affected will have to be appropriately compensated as DNH UT Administration’s guidelines/legislation or any other land management method approved by the said Administration. Improperly designed roads / their encroachment type of use could affect drainage and may also lead to water logging, which ultimately apart from the inconvenience/unhygienic conditions caused is also harmful to the health of such a road section that may lead to the need of repairs time and again. Thus, in principle, when the road ROWs are being developed care should be taken for proper storm water drainage infrastructure mandatorily as part of the concept of “complete streets”, supported by proper geometric design, proper pedestrian / bicycling and other streetscape needs, developed all at the same time, as far as possible. During the construction/re-construction/widening of a road, the traffic in the said area can be affected, causing congestion, delay, and resultant air pollution due to the vehicular exhausts of the idling vehicles. Proper traffic management measures – such as one-way traffic / using lanes from the other side during different peak hours, etc. could be implemented to minimise such impact. Also, efficient construction management, which would result in timely completion of such road works, can result in considerable reduction in this impact. Construction equipment and vehicles transporting men and material can also give rise to fugitive emissions. Thus as best as possible, regular maintenance of construction equipment and vehicles could reduce such emissions, and new techniques of premix concrete/prefabricated structural elements etc. should be adopted to reduce multi-trips of various construction materials etc. Commencement of earthwork after monsoon is one ideal condition or adequate sprinkling of water would help reduce resuspension of dust during such construction work. Vehicular exhausts and noise pollution are typical environmental concern related to the roads during their operational phase. Development and maintenance of a green belt / landscaping arrangement as part of streetscape design along the road facilitates


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in mitigation of such impacts apart from giving the visual appeal of a continuum of a green corridor. Accordingly, in the proposals of all roads, such consideration has been recommended and suitable ROW is suggested. Another consideration that is mandatorily recommended for a safe living environment is use of appropriate traffic calming measures in roads that are likely to mix motorised vehicular mode of travel and cross-movement of pedestrians & bicyclers. Last but not the least, proper enforcement of monitoring needs and regulatory actions shall at best be ensured so that ROWs of roads is protected, and its performance on account of capacity and safety is not compromised. A well developed and maintained streetscape always enhances the image of a city from the perspective of a pleasant visual appeal & safe living environment, apart from other benefits like, better values of property that facing such streets / avenues. b) Terminus – Bus / Truck / Airport Bus / Truck terminuses can potentially affect and potentially affect water and soil quality due to dripping of oil and grease from the automobiles is common. Air pollution due to idling/slow movement of such vehicles during entry/exit from terminus is also possible. Terminuses would normally have auto-repair workshops either within the premises or nearby, which also drain oil and grease, and may have discarded wastes. All drainage from this area must be properly collected and drained out through a drainage network connected to a sump. This would facilitate in recovering the floating oil and grease which could be sold for recycling. The sump should be cleaned periodically and the sludge from its bottom should be sent to the solid waste disposal site (land fill or hazardous waste treatment & disposal type). If the area near the terminuses is not paved, resuspension from loose soil can lead to dust and air pollution. The area thus, must be either be paved with bituminous top surface / concretised with proper drainage slopes, and be cleaned periodically to prevent air pollution problems. In DNH, a bus terminus already exists in Silvassa, which has necessitated the need of having proper Bus Terminus located at outskirts of Silvassa to minimize congestion. While, the Khanvel junction is also facing the problem of buses that serve the southern part of DNH parked near the junction along the road, and thus a small bus terminus is suggested to be developed in Khanvel for proper performance of traffic movement at the Khanvel junction. Due to absence of a proper truck terminus despite the accelerated growth of industrial based economy and related problems of traffic congestion, TCPD has already initiated the process of a proper Transport Nagar in Amli village (Survey Nos. 53, 55, 56, 57, 85, & 86) behind Pipariya Industrial Estate on the proposed ring road, spread over about 3.37 Ha. and would include composite


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facilities for truck terminus, fuel station, maintenace workshops, transport agents, commercial markets, warehouses, budget type eateries and public conveniences. As far as airport facility is considered a possible location for a small Airport (that seems could cater to propeller-based small aircrafts, as the length of the airport land is approximately 1.5 km with an average width of about 0.5 km) has been under consideration (as mentioned in the Regional Plan 2007-2021 zoning map) in the south-western part of Luhari village (Luhari is located in western part of DNH, in Naroli Patelad). While making the draft development planning proposals of ODP for DNH, this facility has been continued to be accommodated. The area may require some rehabilitation if the airport is developed as the land currently small numbers of scattered houses, and the nearby urbanisation to the north-part & western part of third airport is permitted in a limited extend with lowest density range of population. Also, the nearby area already mostly being a green zone and the forest land, and thus may minimise any aviation funnel zone issues on both the ends of the airport runway. 13.7.5 Slaughter House / Sea-Food Industry A slaughter house normally generates the waste of water pollution as well as solid/effluent waste of remnants of slaughtered animal stock. These shall be handled in the following manner: • Slaughter houses are categorized as small, medium, and large-scale as per the

guidelines specified by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), MoEF, GoI [Source: Pollution Control Implementation Division – III, of Central Pollution Control Board, MoEF, GoI (for further details refer CPCB website as: www.cpcb.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/pci3/pciiiidivslaughter.pdf)] in Schedule – I (Guideline - 12) as given below:

Table 13-1: Criterion for categorisation of slaughterhouses into large/medium/small S. No. Category of Slaughter

House Criterion

1. Large Annual Slaughtering Capacity: Large Animals > 40,000 and Goats/Sheeps > 6,00,000 or Daily Live Weight Killed > 70 Tonne

2. Medium Annual Slaughtering Capacity: Large Animals 10,001 - 40,000 and Goats/Sheeps 10,00,01 – 6,00,000 or Daily Live Weight Killed 15 - 70 Tonne


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3. Small Annual Slaughtering Capacity: Large Animals > 10,000 and Goats/Sheeps Upto 1,00,000 or Daily Live Weight Killed Upto 5 Tonne

• The wastewater effluent management from the small, medium, and large-scale

slaughter-houses shall be as per the Schedule – II [Guideline – 12 (i)] specified by CPCB: Table 13-2: Waste water effluent management systems for different category of

slaughterhouses S. No. Category of Slaughter

House Essential Treatment

1. Large Self cleaning type screening, anaerobic treatment, aerobic treatment and filter press for dewatering of sludge

2. Medium Two stage screening (bar type), anaerobic pond and polishing pond

3. Small Two stage screening (bar type), anaerobic pond and polishing pond

Since the effluent from the wastewater treatment plant will be easily bio-degradable, it can be discharged to municipal sewer.

• The wastewater effluent standards from the small, medium, and large-scale slaughter-houses shall be as per the Schedule – III [Guideline – 12 (i)] specified by CPCB:

Table 13-3: Waste water effluent standards for slaughterhouses different category of slaughterhouses

Category of Slaughter House/Unit

Parameters Limit not to exceed, mg/L

Large Slaughter Houses (Capacity above 70 TLWK/day)

Bio-chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5 ) at 20

°C Suspended Solids Oil and Grease

100 100 10

Medium and Small Slaughter House (Capacity above 70 TLWK/day)


°C 500

Meat Processing

(a) Frozen Meat Bio-chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5 ) at 20


30 50 10

(b) Raw Meat from Own Slaughter House


°C 30 50


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Category of Slaughter House/Unit

Parameters Limit not to exceed, mg/L

Suspended Solids Oil and Grease

10

(c) Raw Meat from Other Slaughter House

Disposal via Screen and Septic Tank

(d) Sea-food Industry Bio-chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5 ) at 20


30 50 10

Note:

(i) TLWK – Total Live Weight Killed

(ii) In case of disposal into municipal sewer where sewage is treated, the industries shall install screen and oil and grease separation units.

(iii) The industrial having slaughter house along with meat processing units will be considered in meat processing category as far standard are concerned.

• The solid/effluent waste of remnants of slaughtered stock like skin, gut, blood etc.

that can be used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals / chemicals, cattle feed, manure should be carefully segregated at source. This would in turn reduce the pollution load in the wastewater. The disposal standards shall be as per the Schedule – III [Guideline – 12 (i)] specified by CPCB:

Table 13-4: Solid waste disposal standards for slaughterhouses Type of Waste Capacity of Slaughter

House Method of Disposal

Water consisting of inedible offals, animal tissue, organs, body parts, carcasses etc.

Large Medium Small

Rendering Rendering or Controlled Incineration Burial

Stomach/intestinal contents, dungs etc.

All Categories Composting

Sludge from wastewater treatment system

All Categories Composting

However, if proper solid waste collection and disposal system is not planned/exists, the waste might remain scattered around the slaughterhouse, and be consumed by the scavengers. Such remaining solid waste may decompose and create public health, and odour problems, and also attract scavenging birds that may pose problems for aviation sector. Thus, it is essential to have a proper solid waste collection and disposal system for the slaughter house, as this facility though not currently available may be required with growing population. The provision may be made in future at a suitable location


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from waste disposal point of view and to cater to the population of both the halves of the DNH (northern & southern half separated physically by the river Damanganga). If an incineration facility is used for disposal of such waste, it shall be kept in mind that such incinerator is located sufficiently away from the slaughter house, so that the waste does not contaminate the meat that is processed for human consumption. The Manual on Municipal Solid Waste Management prepared in May 2000, by CPHEEO, MoUD, GoI, as mentioned earlier estimates the daily waste generation in slaughter house as under-mentioned:

Table 13-5: Waste generation standards for different categories of slaugterhouses Type of Slaughter

House Capacity (Annual) Daily Waste Generated

Large Large animals>40,000 Small animals>6,00,000

6-7 Tonnes/day

Medium Large animals = 10,001-40,000 Small animals = 1,00,001-6,00,000

2-6 Tonnes/day

Small Large animals upto 10,000 Small animals upto 1,00,000

0.5-1 Tonne/day

Source: CPHEEO Website, MoUD, GoI (http://urbanindia.nic.in/moud/theministry/cpheeo/main.htm) Apart from the applicability of the above norms in general for slaughter houses / sea food industry, in the specific context of DNH, meat processing units and slaughter houses are governed by the provisions of the Gazette Notification No. PCC/DMN/13-III/1999-2000 dated 03/05/1999 of the UT Administration of Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Circuit House, Silvassa, under Schedule IV (iii), Section - Food & Beverages, Item Nos. 39 and 41 respectively. 13.7.6 Water Treatment Plants Water treatment plants (WTP) typically result in clarifier sludge and filter backwash water that needs to be disposed off. Filter backwash waters normally get discharged to municipal sewers, however this should be subject to a maximum limit of content of total suspended solids as 600 mg/L (refer General Standards for Discharge of Environmental Pollutants, CPCB) when discharging the same into river. However, the Study Report on Status of Water Treatment Plants in India (conducted at 52 different water WTP locations across India in 2001-2003) by CPCB, recommends that filter backwash waters instead be encouraged to be recycled to conserve water. As per the said report this could be done as the quantity of filter backwash water is normally about 5%, and such quantity can


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easily be recycled to the inlet of WTP, as about 20 times dilution would be available at the inlet (e.g. this is being practiced at Peddapur Water Treatment Plant, Hyderabad). The sludge can be hauled to low-lying areas within the DNH Planning Area for disposal. But prior to that, as the above-mentioned report suggests that mostly clarifier sludge exceeds general standard (suspended solids - 100 mg/l and BOD - 30 mg/l), and therefore, there is a need to have a mechanism to make it fit before disposal. Sludge may be dewatered and disposed safely, in conformity with existing CPCB guidelines. The other two important components for proper water availability in general and which impact the environment adversely relates to reduction in unaccounted water wastage (like leakages / transmission losses) leading to increased recurrence of extraction of water to cover-up such losses, and favourably relates to the rainwater harvesting. The necessary controls and benefits as recommended in the above-mentioned CPCB report are summarised below: • Options for Reduction in Wastage of Water

− Identify and authorize illegal connections. − Wherever feasible install water meters, more so far bulk supplies and

establishing meter repair workshop to repair defective meters. − Renovate old and dilapidated pipelines in the distribution system since major

portion of the leakage is found in the distribution system and premises. − Carryout leak detection and preventive maintenance to reduce leakage and

unaccounted for water in the system. • Rainwater Harvesting Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) refers to collection of rain falling on earth surfaces for beneficial uses before it drains away as run-off. Collection and storage of rainwater in earthen tanks for domestic and agricultural use is very common in India since historical times. The traditional knowledge and practice of RWH has largely been abandoned in many parts of India after the implementation of dam and irrigation projects. However, since the early 90s, there has been a renewed interest in RWH projects in India and elsewhere.

Rainwater harvesting can be done at individual household level and at community level in both urban as well as rural areas. At household level, harvesting can be done through roof catchments, and at community level through ground catchments. Depending on the quantity, location and the intended use, harvested rainwater, it can be utilized immediately or after storage. Other than as a water supply, RWH can be practiced with the objectives of flood control and soil erosion control and ground water recharging. Such stored water can be also used for horticultural purposes, and improving agro-based economy.

13.7.7 Sewage Treatment Plants


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Sewerage disposal system infrastructure consisting of sewage sumps / pumping stations, and sewage treatment plants (STP) are designed required to have a direct positive impact on environment by reducing the water pollution. This thus, impacts the public health and natural eco-systems. These then should be properly planned (capacity and location), designed, constructed, operated, and maintained to avoid any potential negative impacts. Sludge from STPs when sun dried, can be used as manure when sold to farmers or the DNH-PDA and/or SMC and DP can also use the same for maintaining parks & gardens / roadside landscaping and green belts. Treated effluent can be discharged to the river or used for the irrigation of nearby agricultural fields or roadside landscaping and green belts. The treated effluent quality must meet the following discharge standards for municipal sewage specified by General Standards for Discharge of Environmental Pollutants, CPCB as summarised below:

Table 13-6: Treated Effluent quality standards for Sewage Treatment plants Effluent Parameters Standards for Discharge of Municipal Sewers

Into River On Land for Irrigation

Colour and Odour See 6. of Annexure – I (i.e. All efforts should be made to remove colour and unpleasant odour as far as practicable.)

Suspended Solids – max. (mg/L) 600 200

pH Value 5.5 to 9.0 5.5 to 9.0

Oil and Grease – max. (mg/L) 20 10

Ammonical Nitrogen (as N) – max. mg/L)

50 -

Bio-chemical Oxygen Demand (3 days at 27 0C) – max. (mg/L)

350 100

Arsenic (as As) 0.2 0.2

Mercury (as Hg) – max. (mg/L) 0.01 -

Lead (as Pb) – max. (mg/L) 1.0 -

Cadmium (as Cd) – max. (mg/L) 1.0 -

Hexavalent Chromium (as Cr + 6) – max. (mg/L)

2.0 -

Total Chromium (as Cr) – max. (mg/L)

2.0 -

Copper (as Cu) – max. (mg/L) 3.0 -

Zinc (as Zn) – max. (mg/L) 15 -

Selenium (as Se) 0.05 -


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Effluent Parameters Standards for Discharge of Municipal Sewers

Into River On Land for Irrigation

Nickel (as Ni) – max. (mg/L) 3.0 -

Cyanide (as CN) – max. (mg/L) 2.0 0.2

Fluoride (as Fl) – max. (mg/L) 15 -

Phenolic Compounds (C6H5OH) – max. (mg/L)

5.0 -

Radioactive Materials

(a) Alpha emitters micro-curie – max. (mg/L)

10-7 10-8

(b) Beta emitters micro-curie – max. (mg/L)

10-6 10-7

Bio-assay Test 90% survival of fish after 96 hours in 100% effluent

90% survival of fish after 96 hours in 100% effluent

Manganese (mg/L) 2.0 -

Iron (as Fe) – (mg/L) 3.0 -

Vanadium (as V) – (mg/L) 0.2 -

Source: www.cpcb.nic.in STPs are normally planned near the flowing water bodies like riverbanks. When the terrain is more or less plain, need for pumping stations is reduced as the STPs will be relatively at a lower altitude, while the sewage flows to STPs by gravity to the extent feasible. The land identified for the STP at Silvassa, Nana Randha, Shelti, Dudhani, Karchond villages as mentioned in Chapter 11 on planning proposals, is prime agricultural land. Converting this land into STP site will result in loss of agricultural productivity. To compensate this loss, sludge as manure and treated effluent for irrigation of the affected farmers may be offered to them as free-of-cost. Apart from the above-mentioned norms in general for wastewater / industrial effluents, in the specific context of DNH, the provisions of the Gazette Notification No. PCC/DMN/13-III/1999-2000 dated 03/05/1999 of the UT Administration of Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Circuit House, Silvassa, notify the following as applicable to DNH: “Whereas the Union Territory of Dadra & Nagar Haveli has been declared as an Air Pollution Control Area vide Notification No. G. S. R. 429(E) dated 10/02/1989.


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Whereas under Section 25 of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and under Section 21 of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, it is required to obtain consent from the Pollution Control Committee to establish or to take any steps to establish any industry, operate or process or any treatment and disposal system which is likely to discharge sewerage or trade effluent into stream or sewer or on land and also to operate any industrial plant in an Air Pollution Control Area. Whereas it is essential to facilitate regulated industrial growth of non polluting industries and to ensure environmental protection of the U. T. of Dadra & Nagar Haveli, it is decided to re-categorise industries depending upon their Effluent discharge, Emission into Ambient Air, Generation of hazardous and solid wastes, foul odours and noise pollution, Hazard & Explosion potential and Public safety & health.” Wherever required, Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) are also suggested, instead of having separate STPs or industrial effluent treatment needs. CETP plant designs are tailored to meet specific demands of the wastewater to be treated and its environment. Hence there is no set format that can be applied for the treatment of various effluents originating from various industrial and domestic sources. Below is the general overview of the various procedural steps. For CETP often a balancing/equalization tank is provided preceding the CETP. This will effect in the pH correction. The stages of treatment are as indicated below: 1) Primary treatment involves the removal of suspended solids, oils and coarse

fractions, which could damage and interfere with downstream equipment. It alters characteristics of the wastewater through chemical addition to meet the needs of the ensuing treatment processes. Preliminary treatment removes large floating materials (like rags, plastic, and construction debris) along with other heavy particles through screening machines, grinders and grit chambers.

Primary Clarifiers are settling tanks that separate the suspended solids from the primary effluent. The wastewater is also flocculated with additives like polymer and alum to fasten the settling process.

2) Secondary treatment is the biological degradation of organic material. This

process usually decontaminants water to the extent that it can be directly discharged to percolation ponds, which are less vulnerable than the natural environment.

Aeration tanks maintain microorganisms that consume the organic material for their enzymatic activities. As a result the influent is purified of soluble


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biodegradable material. Oxygen is infused to energise microorganisms, either through surface aerators (e.g. mechanical propellers) or diffused aerators (which are submerged machines).

Secondary clarifiers are sedimentation tanks for the activated sludge, which are also used for flocculation. Secondary sludge contains microorganisms that are washed out with the contaminants. A certain volume of sludge, referred to as return activated sludge’ (RAS), is redirected to the aeration basins, for reusing the surviving microorganisms. The remaining ‘excess activated sludge’ (EAS) is sent to the sludge-handling unit.

3) Tertiary treatment refurbishes the product to produce water that can be safely

released to water bodies. Approximately 95% of the impurities are removed at this stage. The influent is first disinfected with chlorine, oxidants, or ultraviolet light irradiation. Filters such as sand, micron and active carbon are used to absorb excess chlorine, colour and organics. Membranes are pressure dependent processes that can withstand varying operating conditions. They are capable of separating all types of suspended and dissolved inorganic and organic contaminants. Membranes such as micro filtration (MF), ultra filtration (UF) and nano filtration (NF) have varying pore sizes, which determines the extent to which contaminants are removed.

4) Polishing unit is used only when the recycled water is used for purposes that require very safe and high quality water. It can produce ultra pure water, which is defined as water that is either free or has a very low content of particles, organic and colloidal matter.

Reverse osmosis (RO) is one of the examples of a polishing device. It is an advanced form of membrane technology used to purify water for drinking purposes. It is a costly unit to maintain due to its high-energy requirements and requires extensive pre-treatment of the wastewater, as it is easily susceptible to damage.

5) Sludge Management: The sludge, mainly composed of water, is thickened,

stabilized, dewatered and disinfected before it is disposed. Depending on the wastewater that is treated, sludge can contain substances that are harmful to the ecology such as heavy metals and chemicals. Therefore it cannot always be disposed off through incineration and landfills or even reused in any form.

Depending on the wastewater and the technology used in a particular plant, some of these steps might be omitted or be unnecessary. For instance wastewater from an electroplating industry contains only inorganic contaminants. Therefore secondary


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treatment, which is used to treat only the organic wastes, will not be included for the treatment process. Also filters can be excluded when certain membranes are used, and primary treatment need not always include clarifiers or chemically modify influents. The appropriate selection of Treated Effluent Quality Standards for CETP is listed below: Process and Technology Table 13-7: Treated Effluent quality standards for Common Effluent Treatment plants

Effluent Parameters

Discharge of Effluent into

Inland Surface Water

Public Sewers

Marine Coastal Areas

pH 5.5 - 9.0 5.5 - 9.0 5.5 - 9.0

BOD 200C 30 350 100

COD 250 250 250

Oil & grease 10 20 20

Dissolved solids (Inorganic)

2100

2100

-

Total residual chlorine

1.0

- 1.0

Suspended solids

100

600 a. Process wastewater -100 b. Cooling water (CW) effluent 10% above total suspended matter of influent

Source: CPCB (Central Pollution Control Board) 2001, Pollution Control Acts, Rules and Notifications issued thereunder (4 th edition pp 358-359) New Delhi, CPCB MoEF GOI 897 PP The following is a broad classification of a few of the common factors that have to be considered while designing the treatment process: • Characteristics of the effluent:

o Type of contaminants o Concentration of contaminants o pH, temperature o Turbidity o Bio degradability o Solids content

• Suitability of treatment equipment:

o Affordability o Energy efficiency o Versatility-range of contaminants that can be treated o O&M requirements o Labour requirements o Life length of the equipment o Desired quality of the end product


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• Operating conditions to be handled by the plant:

o Scale of operations-type, size and number of industries to be catered to o Plant design-ability to accommodate for variations in volume o Flexibility-allowing for future modifications and additions or subtractions in

capacity o Location and site characteristics o Availability of space o Energy requirements: including source and availability o Distance over which wastewater has to be transported from the industry

13.7.8 Solid Waste Management The only solid waste disposal facility in the form of a dumping site has been recently provided on 1 Ha. of land in Survey No.121 (Part) of village Khadoli abutting the forest land. This facility shall be properly designed with appropriate capacity as a landfill site to meet the solid waste disposal needs of DNH-PDA Planning area. Since this being the single site, adequate number of waste transfer stations are recommended. These transfer stations shall be fenced to protect from stray animals and ragpickers, and shall have a roof provided to protect mixing of rainwater with waste storage. Modern operational practices should be followed to minimize objectionable features of the transfer station. Thus, the transfer station shall be well enclosed and constructed with materials that can be maintained and cleaned easily. Any spilled waste must be collected promptly. Recycling and reuse of solid wastes, anaerobic digestion (for biogas / power generation), fuel pelletisation and composting may be considered for effective reuse of the solid waste. In general, the below mentioned aspects shall be considered, as discussed earlier: • Quarry areas / low lying areas are suggested for utilisation for the landfill disposal

sites, though these shall be away from the habitation. Such 3 quarry sites of different sizes are available, and the same are suggested for landfill disposal sites. The priority being for completion of the site at Khadoli as the same is centrally located for whole of DNH, followed by the smallest quarry site at Umarkui, and the last one being at Morkhal.

• The concept of involving NGOs that provide controlled services to ragpicker type activity in a more hygienic/safe manner in terms of concentrated waste segregation and re-cycling efforts may instead be encouraged, than individual rag-pickers roaming the streets/markets for such wastes to recover recyclable wastes. Such a waste-segregation and recyclable facility under controlled conditions may be provided near the transfer sites before final disposal at the same place or elsewhere.

• The transportation of wastes from waste storage/collection areas to the intermediate transfer sites / final disposal sites should be regular and efficient.


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Waste should not be hauled in open trucks and instead modern enclosed trucks with compression equipments shall be utilised which may facilitate to ensure meeting the need of not spilling over the waste during the transfer of wastes through road transport. Also, it should be ensured as far as possible that the schedule of transportation of waste does not conflict with the period of peak-traffic on roads.

• For the domestic waste or the non-hazardous industrial waste collection, the concept of at source segregation of organic & in-organic wastes should be encouraged, while the waste disposal sites should be suitably designed for avoiding any ground/sub-ground level contamination and bird menace over such disposal sites. DNH-PDA and/or SMC and DP may collaborate with PCC on technical understanding for designing such disposal sites or through PPP mode of participation of private sector experts.

• Specifically, DNH-PDA and/or SMC and DP may also adhere to the provisions of the Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000 notified by the Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF), Government of India (GoI) through its Gazette Notification dated 25th September 2000, the applicability of which is for collection, segregation, storage, transportation, processing and disposal of municipal solid wastes. The Sec.7 of the said Rules covers the aspect of “Management of municipal solid wastes - (1) Any municipal solid waste generated in a city or a town, shall be managed and handled in accordance with the compliance criteria and the procedure laid down in Schedule-II. (2) The waste processing and disposal facilities to be set up by the municipal authority on their own or through an operator of a facility shall meet the specifications and standards as specified in Schedules III and IV.” Also, Manual of Municipal Solid Waste Management prepared in May 2000, by CPHEEO, MoUD, GoI can be referred in this regard for various aspects of solid waste management.

13.7.9 Cremation Sites / Burial Grounds Conventional cremation ghat type sites are recommended as already in most of the villages such facilities exist, located on the banks of river / small streams. Since, the cremation and associated religious activities generate considerable amount of solid wastes, these may finally end up in river/streams contributing towards water pollution. Proper solid waste collection system and disposal system should be implemented along the cremation ghat type sites to minimise such pollution. The waste from cremation ghat type sites should be composted nearby and reused as manure in nearby farmers’ fields / recreational green spaces. Firewood is the commonly used in cremation at such ghat type sites. As the population increases the requirement of firewood would also increase, which may


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lead to unauthorised felling of trees. For reducing wood consumption, and as the population in the horizon year 2001 is expected close to 10 lakhs, 1 electric crematorium is recommended in Silvassa urban area on the banks of river Damanganga to come-up by the end of last phase of implementation of this ODP as the population in the Silvassa Patelad / planning sector – B by then itself would be about 5 lakhs. The location of the current cremation site is suggested to be expanded and developed for the same. Since the share of population of Christian and Islamic faiths seem very low in number, as per their community requirements for a designated land for community cemetery/burial ground, appropriate size of land may be designated by DNH-PDA on case to case basis of such community cemetery/burial ground requests in the public & semi-public zones indicated in ODP’s PLU map / green zones along the river/stream banks as suitable. In the current situation, 1 site of Church graveyard/cemetery exists at the junction of Silvassa-Amli-Saily roads to further east of District Civil Hospital (VBCH). While for burial grounds (managed by Wakf Board, DNH) for population of Islamic faith, government land has been provided for at Silvassa and Khanvel (Rajya Sabha Report, May 2002). 13.7.10 Any Future Non-Conventional Energy Projects As the DNH ODP suggests exploration of non-conventional energy projects in future, e.g. wind power generation, such projects may have environmental, economic, and urban design impacts, which one shall duly consider prior to any go-ahead for such projects. A wind power project broadly depends on various factors like, a proper wind resource mapping to ascertain availability of steady wind, feasibility of how much of such a resource can be economically harnessed (it is reported internationally that an average turbine with a blade diameter of 70-80 m i.e. 230-260 feet can generate 1.5 MW of power), availability of such specialised turbine equipments, etc. Wind is said to be cost-competitive with any new project using fossil fuel for power generation, and it has the added benefit that it requires no water in its operation which is normally used for cooling process. However, wind turbines may cause deaths of avian species (that may fall dead with collision), and in general wildlife habitat may get disturbed (visual distraction, any noise etc.), other environmental impacts during construction of these on hilly terrain, human communities may object to the idea of tall wind turbines within their viewsheds, etc. 13.7.11 Conservation Measures In addition to the above environmental controls discussed, as far as possible lands that do not require to be developed till long-term should also be suitably conserved as: • Green Zone (i.e. a sort of no development zone, with permission for agricultural

uses - to meet the daily needs of areas under urban development from agriculture/horticulture/animal husbandry produce, to promote agro-based harvesting and processing & industrial economy including agro-cum-tourism


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based activities, to retain the rural-cum-tribal socio-cultural character of the population, and to meet any recreational & open space needs as felt necessary by DNH-PDA in the context of Planning Area requirements, though some it could be integrated with possible recreational facilities under the jurisdiction of Forests land).

• Department of Forests (Wildlife Division) has mandated to follow a 100 m buffer from the wild life sanctuary boundaries, and the same has been included in DNH ODP-2021 DCR as attached in Volume 2 of the Draft Provisional Report. While these shall be duly considered in various development zones of DNH ODP-2021 (prepared in consonance with the RP-2021 zoning) at the time of implemenetation, DNH-PDA and Department of Forests (Wildlife Division) may review the impact of such stipulation on case to case basis, as already constraint of availability of contiguous parcels of land exists in general in DNH due to interspersed forest lands at many places in meeting proper land requirements for developmental needs.

• Quarrying/mining type activity is already prohibited in DNH region and no areas for the same have been permitted as per the Revised Regional Plan (2007-2021) except shown as vacant quarry area with possible uses mentioned in RP-2021 DCR. In line with the same while, some quarries are to be used for solid waste disposal proposals as mentioned earlier, the remaining two quarry sites within Umarkui – the central one is suggested to be designated for stone crusher units and the eastern one is suggested to have hot mix plant units as shown in the PLU map (the area being almost central to the whole of DNH, the said uses have been suggested and incorporated as requested by the SMC / PWD).

• DNT UT Administration shall set-up a control mechanism to regulate the extraction of ground water for any use by an individual / government or private establishment / industry, and monitor the impacts on aquifer – both for water tables levels and water quality, on a regular basis.

Also, attempts shall be made for energy conservation in built areas. This is to be done not only in the interior quality of building design, construction, and operational performance, but also the suitable use of its exteriors, e.g. large flat roof tops can be explored for use of solar energy, creation of green roofs to contain quantum of rain water for green storm water management needs or use green roof for growing food for meeting city needs like vegetables & fruits / reduce temperature in the floor below which would influence possible reduction in cost of cooling needs, buildings with sloped roof can also explore use of solar energy through solar panels mounted on them with due aesthetic considerations, etc. For green storm water management, use of best practice concepts like bio-swales within the road streetscape design shall be explored.


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In addition to the above environmental controls, implementation of measures for any heritage conservation are normally required to be considered as well, like a green buffer or no-use of any explosives for any construction nearby etc. However, in DNH Planning Area (PA) neither a built-heritage of reasonable significance was observed by the Consultants (except the typical traditional housing style generally followed by tribal communities), nor DNH Administration itself has designated any such policy / heritage listing at present for the purpose conservation of built/site type heritage.

13.8 Cost of Implementation of ODP for Utilities & Transportation by DNH-PDA and Net Cost to the DNH-PDA for ODP to be executed in Collaboration with SMC/DP/Others

The cost of implementation of draft planning proposals of the ODP under the utility category of PSP and transportation at a broad level is attached as Annexure - XXXVIII. A summary of the costs of acquisition, development/construction is given below:

Table 13-8: Broad cost of implementation of ODP, 2021 (Utilities & Transportation) S.

No. Name of Work Cost (in Rs)

Land Acquisition

Development / Construction

Total

A. Development of Sites 22,16,31,500 100,96,30,454 123,12,61,954

Contingency Costs (5% over Development / Construction Costs)

0 5,04,81,523 5,04,81,523

Cost Escalation (annual rate of 5% compounded after 1st Year onwards till the end of ODP Implementation Phasing)

2,39,13,405 35,48,96,414 37,88,09,819

Total (A) 24,55,44,905 141,50,08,391 166,05,53,296

B. Development of Roads with Drainage

4,19,39,44,713 15,37,44,17,021

19,56,83,61,733

Contingency Costs (5% over Development / Construction Costs)

0 76,87,20,851

76,87,20,851

Cost Escalation (annual rate of 5% compounded after 1st Year onwards till the end of ODP Implementation Phasing)

1,34,41,54,636 4,92,74,83,630

6,27,16,38,266

Total (B) 5,53,80,99,349 21,07,06,21,502 26,60,87,20,850

C. GRAND TOTAL (A+B) 5,78,36,44,254 22,48,56,29,893 28,26,92,74,146


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The broad level cost of implementation of ODP for utilities under PSP and the transportation provisions to the main planning/implementing authority would be Rs 2826.92 Crores with the share of utilities as about Rs 166.06 Crores and that of transportation as Rs 2660.87 Crores. Also, in general when the costing for all planning proposals of ODP is made in detail and implemented by various executing agencies, in future at the time of implementation of DNH ODP-2021 some methods that could facilitate in reduction of costs to DNH UT Administration could be assumed like, • Deduction of 20% cost for PSP facilities to be developed by private institutions • Deduction of 20% cost for RTZ facilities to be developed by private institutions • Deduction of 10% cost on land acquisition & development/construction when

developing Town Planning Schemes (TPS), as it gets contributed from land owners

• Deduction of 10% cost for amenities, if TDR option is used • Deduction of 5% cost for amenities, if Accommodation Reservation option is used • Deduction of 20% of TPS costs on account of main roads already getting covered

in TPS, from the main road network development costs • Where the land owners get their layout approved, duly incorporating the DNH

ODP-2021 suggested roads therein, the road land can then be acquired by DNH-PDA at a token/nominal compensation of Re 1/-, thus reducing the cost of land acquisition, say by 10%

In addition to the above mentioned implementation costs in a 10-year time frame, a practical fact is to be kept in mind that traffic & transportation plans being long-term in nature, i.e. even may go beyond the planning horizon year, and thus their implementation can be phased over a longer period of time. And for the resource mobilisation and implementation of major arterial roads, the planning authority can also avail of Central Government Grant / Central Road Fund (CRF) and private sector participation in PPP mode. 13.8.1 Alternative Sources of Infrastructure Financing, Development, & Management a) Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Model The paradigm of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) in past few years has emerged as a workable alternative of financing urban infrastructure development and management, in which case both the public and the private sector agencies have a defined role to play, share skills and experience, and also they have to share risks.


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As far as the options of PPP are concerned, for creation and management of infrastructure assets, either: • formation of joint venture (JV) company between the public sector agency and the

competitively selected private sector agency (the same is to be registered under the Indian Companies Act, 1956, with other necessary aspects defined mutually e.g. on equity and capital, debt-equity ratio, costs and expected returns on investment, etc.), and such an option is said to usually more appropriate for real estate or similar remunerative projects, or

• a suitable form of Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) option for urban infrastructure projects, including its variants like, Build—Own-Operate (BOO), Build- Own- Operate-Transfer (BOOT), Build-Own-Lease-Transfer (BOLT), and Build-Transfer (BT) are promising options.

In cases, where management of existing assets / facilities are concerned, undertaking service or management contract is the possible option. There are also other alternatives like, lease, concession, etc. that could be adopted based on suitability, as highlighted below.

Table 13-9: Options/ Risk assessent of applicability of Public Private Partnerships Option Asset

Ownership Operation & Maintenance

Capital Investment

Commercial Risk

Service Contract Public Public & Private Public Public

Management Contract Public Private Public Public

Lease Public Private Public Shared

Concession Public Private Private Private

BOT/BOO Private & Public Private Private Private

Divestiture Private or Private & Public

Private Private Private

The DNH-PDA when intending to take up projects on PPP basis shall need to examine the following before entering into any contract with a private partner: • Project Identification and prioritization • Developer selection method, including fixation of selection criteria • Risk allocation (the risks involved could be construction period risks, operation

period risks, market and revenue risks, finance risks, legal risks, etc.) • Identification of facilities to be provided by the developer, and • Determination of user and abuser charges for a facility/service for cost recovery. DNH-PDA may consult PPP cell of the Department of Economic Affairs (DEA), Ministry of Finance, GoI for needs of project financing and development, as the said cell has been established to administer various proposals and coordinate activities to


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promote public-private partnerships. For further detailed on PPP option, DNH-PDA may refer the issues and recommendations of the Workshop Report (2006) of Regional Workshops for Chief Secretaries on Public-Private Partnership titled “Facilitating Public-Private Partnership for Accelerating Infrastructure Development in India” by the DEA and the Asian Development Bank (ADB). b) Multi-Stakeholder Partnership (MSP) Model Considering the special nature of areas that are spread out and/or difficult access areas, another option being suggested in the planning circles is a transition from a traditional PPP model to Multi-Stakeholders Partnership (MSP) in finding and addressing issues of such areas. MSP would involve a partnership from private sector developer / small scale infrastructure provider (SSIP), residents of such areas, Community-Based Organisations (CBOs)/NGOs, Micro-Finance Institutions (that offer micro-credit), local authorities (i.e. municipal body / Panchayat), etc. Such an option would facilitate access to certain urban services until such areas are fully grown up urban areas for any centralised services. This type of relationship would ensure greater social inclusion, the sharing of lessons learned, and increase effectiveness of service coverage and efficiency in the interim. MSP stakeholders need to be aware of their interdependencies in both the problems and solutions.

For example, the SSIP type of service could be like tanker supplied water supply which is sourced from a regulated individual borewell or treated municipal water storage at treatment plant, and which would insure a regular access and effective coverage of water supply, though being expensive, in areas that have access to such potable water in the interim till these areas grow up as completed/fully grown urban areas.

Similarly, in the context of solid waste collection, an international study identifies four categories of SSIP as entrepreneurs: (a) small entrepreneurs offering services directly to the population with municipal approval (paid directly by those served), (b) informal waste pickers who have organized themselves with the backing of philanthropic organizations or on their own initiative to protect their livelihoods (paid directly by those served), (c) entrepreneurs who have organized their service units with support from the community served and who operate without municipal approval (paid directly by those served), and (d) organizations that have been created at the initiative of the municipal government / utility company and operate with its support (paid by municipal government / utility company, as it collects the same as revenue based on such user charges applied to the population). Typically these solid waste collection SSIPs consist of 5-10 people, including the owner, and these collect garbage/trash manually from house to house along with separation of waste at source,


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using simple implements. They may deposit the same at a community collection bin / transfer station (for further transportation of the same) and/or would try to complement their income with revenues from recycling some of the waste collected at the transfer station / kabari market near commercial areas. To supplement their income further such SSIP workers also undertake sweeping/cleaning of public streets, parks, and storm water drains / piped sewers. This predominant primary collection activity can also be further supplemented by slightly bigger SSIP entrepreneurs that may engage in secondary collection i.e. transportation of solid waste from transfer station to the final solid waste disposal site. Those who are unable to pay even for such services in scattered / difficult access areas, attempts at small scale should be made to have access to community land in which encouragement is given for undertaking waste composting with / without energy recovery (as feasible), as this leads to generation of economic benefits as well, e.g. sale of organic manure generated from composted waste, biogas generation for cooking/illumination etc.

c) Prospective Areas for Adoption of PPP / MSP Options An indicative list of various prospective areas where PPP/MSP options could be adopted is mentioned below.

Table 13-10: Prospective areas for adoption/application of PPP/MSP Models for development

Infrastructure Area PPP Scale (Work / Coverage)

MSP Scale (Work / Coverage)

Water Supply

Arranging Raw Water & Treatment Upto Large

Piped Network Distribution Upto Large

Tanker Distribution Small-Medium

Billing/Revenue Collection Upto Large Small-Medium

Sewerage System

Piped Network Collection & Treatment Upto Large

Community level disposal systems/Digesters

Small*

Public Toilets Upto Large

Solid Waste Disposal

Sweeping/Cleaning of Streets (including municipally developed

Recreational Areas)

Upto Large

Solid Waste Collection (including segregation at source)

Upto Large Upto Large

Solid Waste Transfer Upto Large Upto Large

Solid Waste Disposal/Treatment Upto Large* Small*


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Solid Waste Recycling Upto Large Upto Large

Power Supply

Generation & Transmission Medium-Large Small

Network Distribution Upto Large Small

Billing/Revenue Collection Upto Large Small

Non-Renewably Energy System Medium-Large Small

Telecommunication

Network Accessibility / Service Provision

Upto Large

Billing/Revenue Collection Upto Large

Composite Roads & Storm Water Drainage System

Toll Roads Arterials

Other Internal Main Corridors Sub-Arterial/Collector

Local Streets Small-Medium **

Toll Parking (Open/Built-up) at economic use locations (commercial / industrial / PSP & RTZ)

Upto Large Small-Medium

Streetscape Development with all supporting features for a road including subways/skywalks^

Upto Large Small-Medium

Public Transit System

Main Public Transit – Bus Based Upto Large

Main Public Transit – Rail Based Upto Large

Feeder / Para Transit Small-Medium

Airport Development & Management Upto Large

SEZs Upto Large Upto Large^^

Integrated Townships Upto Large Upto Large^*

Educational Facility Small

Primary Education Upto Large Small

Secondary Education Upto Large

Higher Education Upto Large

Technical Education Upto Large

Health-Care Facility


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Primary Level Small

Higher Level Upto Large

Recreation Facilities

Housing Cluster/Sectoral Level Small

Community/District/City Level Upto Large * With/without energy recovery based on composite waste disposal ** Involving developer / DP Village Roads E.E. Division ^ With cost of development & maintenance / revenues adjustment from advertising rights, etc. ^^ For example, Agro-based Kisan SEZ, Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh ^* For example, Magarpatta City, Hadapsar, Pune, Maharashtra

13.9 Role of Main Planning /Implementing Authority in bearing the Financial Burden for the Implementation of ODP

The provision of Chapter VII on “Control of Development and Use of Land” under Sec. 42 titled “Land use to conform to Development Plan” of T&CP Act, 1984 of DNH hints that planning proposal implementation shall be completed by ten years of the plan coming into operation, as for a period not exceeding ten years (except the traffic & transportation proposals that are known to be long-term ones and my not get fully completed by these first ten years or even till the horizon period), the pattern of development and use of land may need to be reviewed by then at least once (refer Sec. 39 of T&CP Act, 1984 of DNH as well). A phase-wise tentative programme of implementation, on the basis of priorities, is worked out, and the same is attached as Annexure-XXXIX. Consultants suggest that in modern times since urban development represents a very dynamic scenario of physical development of land, the performance of implementation of ODP and this tentative programme of implementation be reviewed rather twice in 10 years, i.e. after every 5-year period of implementation for any modifications. Such modifications in ODP or its implementation programme may also arise, if the provision of Sec. 37-(4) of T&CP Act, 1984 of DNH gets invoked i.e. “After the coming into operation of the Comprehensive Development Plan, the Outline Development Plan shall stand altered or modified to the extent the proposals contained in the Comprehensive Development Plan are at variance with the Outline Development Plan”. For the purpose of ODP implementation, the main planning/implementing authority can make the necessary financial provisions and mechanisms to be in place, as discussed below. 13.9.1 Resource Mobilisation – Internal Revenues Dadra & Nagar Haveli – Planning & Development Authority (DNH-PDA)


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• One of the most important financial means available with the DNH-PDA is its separate fund to which shall be credited monies through several sources as prescribed under Sec. 105 of T&CP Act, 1984 of DNH. As per the provision of the said section, it would be appropriate for the DNH-PDA to sub-allocate internally a further separate fund as “Development Fund” that could solely be applied towards meeting its sub-sections provisioned as “the cost of acquisition of land in the planning area for the purposes of development” and “the expenditure for any development of land in the planning area”.

• Currently, though the DNH-PDA may receive monies from the Government by way of Grants / Loans / Advances or from contributions from the local authority within the planning area or from any other source, one of the major source of revenue through Development Charge is still to be properly defined (though Draft PDA Rules, 2007 of DNH is prepared) and applied as per the provisions under Chapter IX titled “Levy, Assessment and Recovery of Development Charge” of T&CP Act, 1984 of DNH. This development charge is to be applicable “on the carrying out of any development or the institution or change of use of land for which permission is required to be obtained under Chapter VII, in the whole or any part of the Planning Area, at the rates specified in Sec. 101” [T&CP Act, 1984 of DNH]. Further the money so received by the planning authority as development charge, with the interest thereon, if any, shall be credited to the above-mentioned internal separate fund allocation called “Development Fund”.

• It may be true that the share of the development charge that may come from the rural areas (which though now are part of the Planning Area) may be considerably low, as these rural areas are though expanding due to impacts of industrialisation and urbanisation, yet they are in the initial stages of development taken up so far by DP. However, considering the fact that the “Development Fund” if created as above, would be meant for the entire area within the jurisdiction of DNH-PDA i.e. its single Planning Area, and also considering the needs of existing rural/tribal/difficult areas for meeting the amenities of urban level as they are now designated as urban areas, some generous allocation of such Development Fund for the said areas on priority basis could be thought off.

• DNH-PDA can also make the provision in their Annual Budget Allocation (as approved in the Five-Year Plans by the Central Government from time to time) with suitable efforts on resource mobilisation, to fulfil the task of ODP implementation, within the stipulated time limit, so as to improve the quality of living of its citizens in general, and more so to bring the existing rural/tribal/difficult areas under planned development fold to avail benefits of urban mainstream way of life.

Silvassa Municipal Corporation (SMC) SMC was found recently in early 2006, and is still to establish as full fledged organization. The jurisdiction of SMC falls in the areas of Silvassa and Amli census


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town, considered together as one municipal area of Silvassa. Though now, DNH PA is entirely considered as an urban area, at present SMC jurisdiction is the only urban area governed by a municipal government/body. While property tax is one of the normal sources of municipal revenue, the other source of revenue at present is on account of user charges for water supply per connection that has been constructed by the PWD, E.E.-II Division for the Silvassa urban area and handed over to SMC. The current user charges for water supply to be levied on monthly basis paid within 15 days from the date of issue of bill are given below:

S. No.

Piped Connection Dia.

Monthly User Charge Rate (Rs) by Connection Purpose

Domestic Use Hotels, Commercial, & Industrial Use

1. 12 mm 20 150

2. 20 mm 35 280

3. 25 mm 55 430 Source: PWD, E.E.-II Division Data in DNH Citizen Charter The above mentioned user charges levied on monthly basis, are also supported by additional measures for revenue recovery like, delayed payment charges are levied, as 10% simple interest per month or part thereof on the monthly bill outstanding which shall become due and payable if the bills are not paid on or before due date of payment specified in the water tariff bill. Also, delayed payment charges will be Rs 2/-, Rs 4/- and Rs 6/- for 12 mm, 20 mm, and 25 mm dia. connection respectively per month for domestic connections. Further to it, disconnection of water supply would be done if three consecutive bills are not paid. The reconnection charge after disconnection of water supply shall be Rs 200/-. Other limited infrastructure like roads (by PWD, E.E.-II Division) and official buildings (by PWD, E.E.-I Division) have been constructed and handed over after SMC was formed, and additional water supply scheme & sewerage system scheme prepared by PWD, E.E.-II Division for Silvassa urban area has already been approved and is to be now to be taken up. In addition to the development charges worked out by the DNH-PDA (which is the planning & development authority for whole of DNH PA) from time to time, proper revenue mechanism on account of user charges for various physical infrastructure facilities of water supply / sewerage / drainage / solid waste under municipal jurisdiction would have to be worked out by SMC (the executing agency in its


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jurisdiction) from time to time to financially sustain the services as self-sufficient organisation, and by the future municipal bodies when new census towns are designated in DNH. Unlike, octroi charge applicable in various states, revenue collection through octroi charge is not applicable in DNH. District Panchayat (DP) DP had been undertaking the development and maintenance of various services in the rural areas of DNH. Since now the whole of DNH PA is to be considered as urban area, DP would have to continue to provide such support under the planning guidance of the DNH-PDA through this DNH ODP-2021, till DNH-PDA has its capacities established fully. The powers and functions of DP, DNH as provisioned under the "The DNH, Village Panchayats Regulation, 1965 as amended vide The DNH, Village Panchayats (Amendment) Regulation, 1994" is as below, and to be referred in conjunction with the interrelationship between these, the DNH-PDA powers as per the T&CP Act,1984 of DNH, and the DNH ODP-2021 provisions by DNH-PDA:

Parts as mentioned below of Sec. 32 titled Duties and functions of the above referred Village Panchayats Regulation are of direct relevance in the present context of development planning that includes issues of integrated planning of works, plan implementation, and funds etc.:

(1) It shall be the duty of every Panchayat so far its Fund may allow to make reasonable provision within its jurisdiction in regard to the matters specified in the Second Schedule and the Third Schedule as the case may be.

(2) A Panchayat may also make provision for carrying out within the area comprised within its jurisdiction any other work or measure which is likely to promote the health, safety, education, comfort, convenience or social or economic well being of the residents of the area.

(3) Subject to the provisions of sub-section (1) a village Panchayat and District Panchayat as the case may be shall have powers and responsibilities with respect to the preparation of plans and implementation of schemes for development and social justice as may be entrusted to it by the Administrator including those in relation to the matters specified in the Second Schedule in case of a village Panchayat and those specified in the Third Schedule in case of the district Panchayat.

With regards to the provision of infrastructure or amenities in the Panchayat area [which means the territorial area of a Panchayat as defined under Sec. 2 (fa)], most of the content of the following sections of the Act herein referred are of direct relevance:

Sec. 33 titled Control of Panchayat on certain properties


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(1) The Panchayat, in respect of all roads, streets, bridges, culverts and other properties placed by the Administrator under sub-section (1) of Sec. 39 under its direction, management and control, may do all things necessary for the maintenance and repair thereof, and in particular may:

(a) widen, open, enlarge or otherwise improve any such road, bridge or culvert and plant and preserve trees on the sides of such roads,

(b) deepen or otherwise improve any watercourse and other property mentioned in clause (c) of sub-section (1) of Sec. 39, and

(c) cut any hedge or branch of any tree projecting on any such public road or street.

(2) The Panchayat shall also have control of all roads, streets, waterways, bridges and culverts which are situated within its jurisdiction, not being private property or not being property for the time being under the control of the Government and may do all things necessary for the improvement, maintenance and repair thereof, and in particular, may:

(a) lay out and make new roads, and (b) construct new bridges and culverts.

Sec. 34 titled Transfer of any work or institution to Panchayat

The Administrator may entrust to the Panchayat, the execution, maintenance or repair of any work or the management of any institution on behalf of the Government or any local authority;

Provided that the funds necessary for the execution, maintenance or repair of any work or the management of the institution shall be placed at the disposal of the Panchayat by the Government or such local authority.

Sec. 39 titled Properties placed under the direction, management and control of the Panchayat

(1) The Administrator may, if he deems fit, place all or any of the properties of the nature specified below, and situated within the jurisdiction of a Panchayat under the direction, management and control of the Panchayat, namely: (a) open sites, waste, vacant and grazing lands, not being private property, and

river beds; (b) public roads and streets; (c) public channels, watercourses, wells, ponds, tanks (except irrigation tanks

under the control of the Government), public springs, reservoirs, cisterns,


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fountains, aqueducts and any adjacent land (not being private property) appertaining thereto;

(d) public sewers, drains, drainage works tunnels and culverts and things appertaining thereto and other conservancy works;

(e) sewage, rubbish and offensive matter deposited on streets or collected by the Panchayat from streets, latrines, urinals, sewers, cesspool and other places; and

(f) public lamps, lamp posts and apparatus connected therewith or appertaining thereto.

Sec. 67 titled Power to make bye-laws

(1) Subject to the provision of this Regulation and the rules made there under, the Administrator may frame bye-laws: (a) to prohibit the removal or use of water for drinking purposes from any

source which is likely to cause danger to health; (b) to prohibit or regulate the discharge of water from any drain or premises

on a public street or into a river, pond, tank, well or any other place; (c) to prevent damage to public streets; (d) to regulate sanitation, conservancy and drainage in the area within the

jurisdiction of the Panchayat; (2) to prohibit or regulate the use of public streets or other public places by

shopkeepers; (a) to regulate the manner in which the tanks, ponds, cesspools, pasture lands,

playgrounds, manure pits, land for disposal of dead bodies and bathing places shall be maintained and used; and

(b) to regulate any other duties or functions of a Panchayat.

The Second Schedule titled Matters within the Jurisdiction of Panchayats

I. Sanitation and Public Health

(1) Sanitation and Conservancy (2) Removal of rubbish and keeping the area of the village in clean condition (3) Supply of water for domestic use (4) Construction of hospitals and dispensaries (5) Maternity and child welfare (6) Establishment of health institutions for poor children (7) Family Planning (8) Provision, maintenance and regulation of burning and burial grounds (9) Regulation by licensing or otherwise of tea, coffee and link shops and

other shops where eatables are served (10) Construction and maintenance of public latrines


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(11) Regulating, checking and abating of offensive or dangerous trade or practice.

Public Works

(1) Construction, repair and maintenance of village roads, drains, bridges, etc. (2) Lighting of village and planting of trees (3) Establishment, maintenance of markets, slaughter houses and other works

of public utility (4) Establishment, maintenance and regulation of fairs (5) Construction, maintenance and control of tonga-stands, cart-stands,

bathing and washing ghats, and cattle ponds (6) Extension of village sites and the regulation of buildings and housing

schemes in accordance with such principles as may be prescribed.

II. Planning and Development

Preparation and implementation of plans for the development of the village, including the development of agriculture, animal husbandry, fisheries, village industries and cooperatives and especially:

(a) Production and distribution of improved seeds, manure and fertilizers (b) Promoting the use of improved agricultural implements and making such

implements easily available (c) Minor irrigation, construction and maintenance of field channels, lift

irrigation, digging of wells and tanks, etc. (d) Raising, preservation and improvement of village forests, pastures and

orchards (e) Improvement of cattle and cattle breeding and general care of livestock (f) Providing for organisation, management and development of cottage and

small-scale industries especially on a cooperative basis (g) Promotion of cooperative farming.

III. Administration

(1) Administration of common property (2) Registration of births, deaths and marriages in such manner and in such

form as may be prescribed (3) Numbering of premises (4) Preparation, maintenance and upkeep of Panchayat records.

IV. Social Welfare


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(1) Relief to the crippled and the destitute (2) Construction of low rent houses for families with yearly income below one

thousand rupees (3) Preventive and relief measures in times of public calamity (4) Promotion of moral and social welfare activities and encouraging and

assisting voluntary organisations and other agencies in such activities.

V. Education and Culture

(1) Promotion of primary education and assistance in improvement of primary schools

(2) Establishment and maintenance of parks, clubs, akhadas and other places of recreation for the villagers, including women and children

(3) Establishment and maintenance of libraries and reading rooms.

The Third Schedule titled Matters within the Jurisdiction of Panchayats

1. All the matters specified in the Second Schedule involving two or more village Panchayats

2. Non-conventional energy resources 3. Poverty alleviation programme 4. Welfare of the weaker sections, and in particular of the Scheduled Castes and

Scheduled Tribes 5. Maintenance of community assets.

As far as recovery of revenues are concerned, PWD, E.E.-III Division stipulates the monthly levy of user charges for water supply per connection basis, as given below:

S. No.

Piped Connection Dia.

Monthly User Charge Rate (Rs) by Connection Purpose

Domestic Use Other Use

1. 12 mm 20 150

2. 20 mm 35 280

3. 25 mm 55 430 Source: PWD, E.E.-III Division Data in DNH Citizen Charter Otherwise, DP for executing its works has been primarily dependent on Grant-in-Aid (GIA) allocated through the DNH UT Administration’s Five Year Plan / Annual Allocation of funds.

Internal Revenues generation Mechanism


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Vacant Land Tax: This may be appropriately charged, after a development plan is in effect with designated developable areas, as in either case when the local body finds it difficult to invest in infrastructure if such urban development of land is not taken up by the land owners or if when the local body is capable of providing such infrastructure in the very beginning and provides the same but still the land owners keep the land vacant. However, applicability decision of such a tax is dependent on socio-economic conditions of the population having an influence on the political will; as such a tax has mostly been adopted in metropolitan areas.

Benefit Increment Financing: These are of various types. When the improvements in economic condition lead to general rise in prices, the land values may go up, and such incremental benefit in land value taxed by the local body is called Tax Increment Financing. Similarly, in case of any density bonus / FSI incentive is extended to a developer for a particular purpose, any incremental benefit in its revenues can be taxed by the local body. Also, due to infrastructural projects undertaken by the local body, the land values may go up, and such incremental benefit in land value taxed by the local body is called Betterment Levy.

Impact Fees: If a developer undertakes a development that would impact the load on the current infrastructure network provision, an appropriate impact fee is to be charged by the local body to bear the cost of augmentation of such infrastructure network. However, in the context, when the local body has already provided the core infrastructure, and if the developer undertakes the distribution infrastructure on its own without having any additional impact on the current core infrastructure provision, the developer may do so without incurring the impact fee. The same distribution infrastructure can also be extended by the local body, but its cost recovery would be through other methods discussed further below.

Capital Cost Recovery: The major part of costs incurred for development of infrastructure by the local body could be recovered through either valorisation charges which means allocating the costs of development over the affected properties that would benefit, or through development charges which means arriving at the development costs per unit area (of developable area). But arriving at such a development charge should be carefully done through a proper development charge background study and a balanced rationale worked out for its applicability based on standard/quantum of service provided and socio-economic conditions of population on one side, and the development costs incurred and financial resource capacity of the local body on the other side (i.e. Fees from Approval of Plans like scrutiny fees/license/permit fees, contribution from SMC, grant from Central Government to DNH-PDA, funds from the budgetary provisions of DNH U.T., any other Source of funding eg. any funding under JnNURM Programme /Other Central Development Schemes).


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However, the effectiveness of resource mobilization through internal resources should be ensured through various means, e.g.:

• The property tax valuation should be updated in relation to the market values at regular intervals during the DNH ODP-2021 implementation period

• Taxes like a surcharge on sale of petroleum products, could facilitate in availability of additional funds for augmentation / creation of a new public transportation system

• Taxes on advertisements could facilitate undertaking proper streetscape development / improvements by the concerned local body or if a developer wishes to develop the same on its own as private sector partnership it can do so in lieu of the advertisement rights as suitably adjusted, and this would facilitate the local body to partially get resource support when undertaking the development of complete streets’ concept with proper streetscape development including any subways/skywalks

• Taxes like stamp duty, entertainment tax, and other fees like plan scrutiny/license/permit also are a regular source of finance that could be used for urban development needs

• User charges for all the infrastructure shall be ensured to be applicable, based on a rational basis of recurring costs incurred monthly based on – quantum of water supplied per capita in an area, related basis of sewerage network, relationship of impervious surfaces/likely storm water run-off in a built premises, and solid waste generated in an area based on socio-economic/waste generation patterns

• For enhanced recovery of internal financial receivables, payment of user charges shall be incentivized like through a discount if paid before due date, and penalized to act as deterrent/enhance discipline of “If you use a service, you have to pay for it for sustaining the service” appropriately like through interest charges / default charges / disconnection of service ultimately / reconnection charges at higher rate (e.g. penalty part for water supply connections already existing as mentioned above)

• Optimal utilization of infrastructure provision through higher density of development as feasible also means, better generation of tax / user charges based revenues due to enhanced population covered (this in context with the concept of graduated density of zoning which ranges from low density zoning where small neighbourhood character with a quiet nature is normally retained, while with higher density along the nodes the relationship of higher economic activity / sense of lively place making / lower commutes / optimal utilization of infrastructure etc., that is needed to be considered with respect to the land allocation for projected population to be accommodated while keeping the fact in mind that developable land as resource is scarce in DNH and also that lot for waterfront & forest areas have to be encouraged to be preserved by being compatible through provision of lower zoning in areas that abut such natural resource areas)


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• Considering the fact that DNH generates a large amount of excise revenue from industrial economic activities (as part of the accelerated economic growth perspective as mentioned in RP-2021) for the central treasury of GoI, the UT Administration of DNH in the context of having declared a large area as DNH Planning Area which is to be treated as an urban area from the development planning perspective, and thus to tackle the challenge of providing urban benefits across such a large area which is predominantly tribal-cum-low income in nature, it shall take appropriate measures to enhance its share of central allocation of funds from GoI, as commensurate as feasible to meet the vision/goals/objectives of DNH ODP-2021

Except the vacant land tax which may require socio-political consensus, other methods discussed above must be adopted as part of proper sustenance capacity building of the local body considering the administrative powers/reforms already suggested in the 73rd & 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992. Also, tax valuation, billing, and receivables management if undertaken through real time secured on-line computerized systems, ultimately shall be attempted as part of the effective/efficient governance system by the DNH-PDA and other local bodies like municipal body (currently SMC) / DP etc.

13.9.2 Resource Mobilisation – External Source of Funds / Management Support While the funds for development of infrastructure comes from the provisions of the DNH UT Administration’s allocation as per the Five Year Plan / Annual Plan budgeting approved by the Central Government, it is further distributed to various executing agencies like DNH-PDA/SMC getting their work executed through PWD Divisions (E.E.-I & II) / DP (including PWD Division E.E.-III) / OIDC etc. as Grant-in-Aid, tied project grants, etc. Even if the DNH is not covered in the list of JnNURM mission cities, apart from the above allocations, DNH-PDA as the nodal agency shall also seek other external sources of funds from the Central Grants like UIDSSMT, 2005 that had subsumed the earlier central government programmes of IDSMT or AUWSP for town size of 20,000 population, and IHSDP. Also, Central Government provides Central Financial Assistance to various institutions for skill improvements, rural tourism / eco-tourism wherever it can be integrated with its guidelines for various activities permissible for such tourism (when using the natural & local community resources) and one can also refer the UNDP & ICOMOS guidelines on such tourism, etc. Micro-finance Institutions can also support in collaboration with the DNH UT Administration for providing access to micro-credit to the poor sections of society which can be supported through rural tourism economic activities and/or upgrading


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living conditions of such households by having access to basic water storage facilities / proper toilets gradually from pit latrine in-house to community latrine to further later as flush latrine with septic tank in-house to connectivity to community septic tank / kitchen chullahs / renewable energy systems. Such micro-finance assistance is reported to be most effective in the form of technical support, training, and capital injection rather than cheap loan funds that blunt the motivation to mobilise deposit savings or tap regulated commercial sources of funds. To maintain incentives to make good loans, lenders/investors should release funds in tranches contingent upon satisfactory credit recovery as well as delivery. The beneficiaries could be individuals or SHGs and the micro-credit delivery and cost recovery monitoring mechanism of the financial institution could include NGOs. Term Loans is another alternative source of funding for infrastructure development. For availing these the internal central government agencies are the HUDCO / IDFC / IIFCL (which is the latest agency created in 2006) etc. While the external term loan agencies are The WB / ADB / DFID – UK / JBIC or New JICA / USAID etc. Another pre-requisite mechanism prior to undertaking infrastructure development in general or though the alternative system of PPP model as mentioned earlier, is that the DNH UT Administration or its sub-departments like DNH-PDA the nodal agency, SMC, OIDC, etc. would require to have access to a complete range of management services. These services include visioning, project formulation, technology selection & project design, procurement, finance, and development management & implementation that are necessary for successful infrastructure projects. DNH UT Administration can refer examples of various States that have been using such advisory services of central institutions like IL&FS Ltd and/or using own joint ventures (JVs) with IDFC (as independent infrastructure development & financing corporations), e.g. U-DeC in state of Uttarakhand, iDecK in state of Karnataka, etc.

13.10 Need for Proper Monitoring during the Implementation of ODP With the help of a proper land management policy, supported by adequate financial provisions, the ODP implementation process could be definitely expected to be a smooth one. It would then go long way in averting the possible crisis of poor plan implementation normally heard as faced elsewhere. The planning authority’s execution set-up could be as follows:

• It is important to have special plan enforcement & monitoring cell within the planning authority, i.e. DNH-PDA, responsible for monitoring the implementation of ODP and to keep a watch on the resource mobilisation. Such a cell to have town planning, architecture, and engineering staff, which could collaborate with other staff like Finance, GIS etc. of the main town planning section to have an updated database system.


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• While the main town planning section can look after the general control of the development activities on the basis of ODP and DCR (i.e. building bye-laws). This section also deals with the matters relating to the modifications / amendments to the ODP, initiating land acquisition proposals for ODP utility/amenity sites and road lands [refer provisions of Sec. 35-(2), 41, & 59-(2) of T&CP Act, 1984 of DNH indicates that the publication of a notification for Preparation of Development Plan / Draft Town Planning Scheme (as per the provisions of the T&CP Act, 1984 of DNH) and any land required, reserved or designated in a Development Plan shall, notwithstanding anything contained in the Land Acquisition Act, 1894, be deemed to be a notification duly made under provisions of the said Act.].

• The land acquisition section if separately available within DNH-PDA or in collaboration with the Land Acquisition Department under The Collector’s office can deal with the actual land acquisition work for ODP proposals of the DNH Planning Area.

• The estate/engineering section can look after the construction work involved in the ODP utility/amenity site and road development works, as and when the possession of land there under is received and funds are made available. However, this section may collaborate if required, with the PWD Divisions of DNH i.e. E.E.-I (Buildings Division), E.E.-II (Roads Division), and E.E.-III (Village Roads/DP/Irrigation Division).

• The Finance section can allocate funds for various developmental activities, and handle such accounts.

With such multi-activities involved in a planning authority, it may not be possible to get a comprehensive picture at any single section as to what is the stage of implementation of such a development plan, what is the position of availability of funds, how they are to be channelized, what sequence of implementation operation etc. A special plan enforcement & monitoring cell is therefore absolutely necessary to exclusively look after all the aspects – physical and financial of the ODP implementation process on a regular basis, so that effective results with possible solutions to the problems, if any encountered during regular monitoring, could be achieved.

Also, since SMC/DP and other departments like PWD Divisions, OIDC etc. would be assisting DNH-PDA in terms of executing the developmental programmes till the DNH-PDA’s own capabilities get developed over time in all architectural/engineering matters, it is necessary for DNH UT Administration to review and meet the capacity building needs (adequate manpower, training, office needs & equipments, etc.) various departments involved in implementation of DNH ODP-2021 projects.


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13.11 Implementation Programme for ODP of DNH A phased programme for the implementation of the planning proposals of ODP for various utilities/amenities and roads is shown in Annexure - XXXIX attached. This implementation programme has bee prepared taking into consideration the priority of the utilities/amenities, and the possible availability of the funds to meet the expenditure. In addition the DNH-PDA and/or SMC and DP may simultaneously take up the work of construction of new roads as also the widening of the existing roads, according to the needs of the area and the people.

13.12 Determined Joint Efforts for Effective Implementation of ODP of DNH

The DNH-PDA is though recently created, the joint efforts through proper budgeted positions of DNH-PDA and/or SMC and DP through the Five-Year Plans & Annual Budget Allocation approved by the Central Government, availability of ample natural resources and infrastructural support of several government departments in DNH like PWD, OIDC etc. it should be possible for the UT Administration of DNH to be able to implement the ODP to the fullest extent. The role of residents, NGOs, etc. is also being considered very constructive in managing performance of the various services. This would facilitate and guarantee the citizens the benefits of planned development and thereby healthy environment in the shortest possible period.

13.13 Way Forward for Effective Implementation of ODP of DNH For the way forward, beyond the ODP stage of development planning exercise for effective implementation of the ODP-2021, the following suggestions have been made to be undertaken by concerned planning and development agencies like, DNH-PDA, SMC, DP, PWD, OIDC, Electricity Department, etc.

• Frame guidelines to facilitate implementation by various government agencies / developers with least inconvenience to civic life and that offers safe & secure living environment when developmental projects are being executed, both within the public circulation spaces, as well as in other land use zones; and preferably such institutions concerned must properly coordinate and target the development of transportation and other infrastructure to be undertaken well in time to support the above aim of quality living environment and avoid at all costs to lead to a hazardous situation for the habitation

• Identify/review projects based on assessments, their priorities, and adopt suitable model of implementation (including urban administration / development management / funding needs & their sources) for viz. o Give priority to utilization of land or property (vacant / underutilized) under

ownership of DNH Government for spatial allocation of various development planning proposals


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o Town planning schemes developed by Government based either on land acquisition / land pooling method Private developers based either on land acquisition / land pooling method

in collaboration with land owners o Comprehensive Development Plan / Detailed Zonal Plan exercise for planning

sectors / zones may need to be prepared separately by DNH-PDA as per the provisions of T&CP Act, 1984 of DNH, wherein reservation of land could be undertaken for detailed planning proposals at the comprehensive development plan level.

o The significant reservation of land to be undertaken at the comprehensive development plan level for the aspect of EWS/LIG Housing is the new initiative strongly promoted by the GoI through NUHHP, 2007 (briefly highlighted below as part of the theme paper of the National Conference of the Ministers dealing with Housing, Urban Development and Municipal Administration, 2009), to be part of the detailed planning exercise: Innovative approaches advocated by the NUHHP, 2007 include the

reservation of 10-15% of land or 20-25% FSI under private sector development for EWS/LIG housing, either by regulation in new developments in expansion areas of existing towns and Greenfield townships, or by grant of higher FSI in already built-up areas together with transferable development rights (TDRs) to accelerate private investment in provision of houses for the urban poor. They are to be understood as a means to capture the undeserved and unintended capital gains accruing from the increase in the price of urban land due to permissions for conversion and development in kind or barter instead of fees.

They may also be interpreted as city planning responses to the increasing formalisation of the labour market. Whereas, traditionally, the formal sector industry makes partial or sufficient provision for housing it employees, the informal sector leaves labour to fend for its own shelter in notified or unnotified slums. Reservation of land or dwelling spaces is an equity regulation to ensure that those who make the city, thus indirectly subsidise their labour costs and duly made to pay a tax for it. Interpreted thus, these measures are means of ensuring equity on urban land use. Impact fees can also be collected instead for every development sanctioned in a new area of development or where additional FSI is allowed, and would have the same effect provided the amount accrued is reserved in an Urban Shelter Fund and used to buy land & construct affordable housing. Examples of such innovative ways of land reservation with the help of private developers and regulations to enforce it, could be referred from the ULBs of states of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh etc. from time to time based on their level of success case-studies.

o Other sources to meet development fund needs like


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Being UT the funds for urban administration and development may be totally available through Central Government allocation (five year plans), but how long this shall continue, what shall be done to have a mechanism that sustains funding needs and generates own DNH-PDA/municipal revenues for SMC (development charges, user charges, tax-increment financing, FSI/Density-increment financing, municipal bonds, central grants, etc.) and review of the same based on the conditions of spatial pattern / infrastructure requirements to be met every 5 – 10 years, as feasible

Review of framework for use of Transfer of Development Right (TDR) method, if adopted based on the conditions of spatial pattern / infrastructure requirements to be met every 5 – 10 years, as feasible

Utilisation of central government schemes/assistance commonly available to all states and UTs, like Central Financial Assistance (CFA) for Tourism & Micro-finance (to offer micro-credit for rural tourism and other facilities at smaller level of areas that are spread out/difficult access areas), Infrastructure schemes under several programs – Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and Medium Towns (UIDSSMT), Basic Services for Urban Poor (BSUP) and Integrated Housing & Slum Development Programme (IHSDP) under Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JnNURM) as applicable for mission cities / other cities, latest GoI initiative of Interest Subsidy Scheme for Housing for the Urban Poor (ISHUP) etc.

Permitting/reviewing incentives by DNH-PDA or fund allocations, like FSI/density bonus as an incentive or budgeting a suitable portion of

Central Funds (under 5-year Plan allocation) to cross-subsidize group housing development, if a suitable portion of the housing stock is dedicated towards affordable housing needs of EWS/LIG section of population as well as for rental housing (to support employment generated in several secondary & tertiary economy sectors and such employment’s tenure may be influenced by any inherent mobility in such employment)

if there is any redevelopment undertaken in an area then a percentage of tax increment collected due to enhanced property values post redevelopment may be set-aside for affordable housing needs whether its is constructed within the same redevelopment area or outside in another area

o Development/sustenance of infrastructure and amenities through Public-Private Partnership (PPP) / Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships (MSP) model depending upon their feasibility for: Traffic & Transportation System Physical Infrastructure


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Social Infrastructure Large Commercial Sites Institutional Development Industrial Development (SEZs/Industrial Parks) Recreational & Tourism Development

o DNH-PDA must ensure enforcement its existing/revised codes by planning a Code Enforcement Program, utilizing all available authorities (existing / proposed manpower & material resources including assistance of Silvassa Municipal Council – SMC and District Panchayat - DP) to compel property owners to correct code violations and minimize code violations in the first place

o Analyse/review the funding patterns of the DNH as an UT, the recovery mechanisms currently in place, assess the probable gaps, and recommend what improvements are required to be studied later as a specific plan / in detail as separate exercises (to be undertaken by the UT Administration of DNH), viz. Development Charges Background Study for urban development / re-

development / increase in FSI / change in urban landuse / conversion of agricultural to non-agricultural landuse

Necessary changes/amendments, if any required to be taken up in Statutory Legislations applicable in DNH

User Charges required to be levied for services provided under SMC / PDA / DP functions

Studies on detailed “Transportation Planning & Management” Comprehensive Mobility Plan (CMP) Traffic Intelligent Systems (TIS) Traffic Information Management & Control Centre (TIMCC) Road Tolls / Public Transit Tariff / Traffic Impact Fee* to be levied for

services provided under Traffic & Transportation System [* Due to trip impact on account of development alongside that road and for provision & maintenance of transportation system and could be charged during issuance of building permits]

Detailing of Streetscape Master Plan to guide its execution for a desirable quality of finishing and service performance

Detailed Project Reports (DPRs) to facilitate undertake development of various types of infrastructure (with due consideration to topographical/ geological/hydrological aspects and hazard mitigation needs) and these being designed so as to remain operational during emergencies

Preparation of Detailed Cost Estimates as part of above DPRs for Implementation of Outline Development Plan, and its phasing vis-à-vis the draft priority of projects, institutions responsible, and time-frame phasing for development of a project


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Detailed Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs), as necessary prior to transportation and other various infrastructure development of those projects that are finalised and for whom DPR work is undertaken

Detailed Study for “Policy on Protection of Riparian Corridors” related with the river of Damanganga, its reservoir, and its main tributaries Sakartod and Piparia

Development of Infrastructure Management System (IMS) that may provide the information necessary to monitor and schedule the maintenance, repair, rehabilitation and replacement of physical infrastructure and traffic & transportation system, and assist in future plan revision needs, using an integrated Urban Information System based on interfaced GIS Software & other Auto-CAD based applications managed by DNH-PDA

• Identify/review institutional mechanisms for improvement / augmentation or capacity building / creating new ones (as felt necessary based on assessments) w.r.t. population growth projections and current constraints / potentials, from the perspective of availability of / capacity of institutional framework for urban development and administration & governance based on ownership jurisdiction, role of planning authority, and role of executing authorities w.r.t. various development planning and implementation aspects

• From policy perspectives, DNH should follow any national policies applicable from time to time on housing, and resettlement & rehabilitation – R&R (which may be required for project affected persons – PAPs when undertaking infrastructural projects in DNH), until the DNH formulates and adapts its own policies in this regard as per future needs

• For any possible reasons like socio-economic conditions, lack of development plan and development control regulation enforcement (if despite planning provisions for proper housing mix & infrastructure development), etc., slum like conditions get created where urban poor inhabit, the DNH UT Administration shall be prepared for addressing the said issues. This at first requires preparation and notification of a policy on development of slums / urban poor pockets, with appropriate definitions on the subject, viz. for identification & delineation of such areas, income categorization including the existing relationship with the below poverty line (BPL) criteria applicable, etc. to be covered un BSUP / IHSDP / ISHUP programmes. Any concessions regarding open spaces, side margin, permissible density (which is normally higher than in normal residential zone cases), etc. need to be defined. Till such a policy is prepared formally or if even prior to the same, if a such an area is identified & designated/notified by the DNH UT Administration through its urban local bodies of municipal authorities (currently SMC) and/or DNH-PDA under the Draft National Slum Housing Policy, 2001, the development options briefly described below may be considered on case-case-to-case basis of such development need in conjunction with the


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suitability of such development with respect to the prescribed density / land-use / zoning provisions of the development plan in force in DNH PA.

As highlighted above, instead of promoting a single development option for improving basic services for urban poor and their slum-type housing conditions in an integrated manner, a range of options as suggested below can be tried and tested by the concerned executing agencies / affected communities. In fact, the current improvement programmes for slums/urban poor pockets under the JnNURM scheme of BSUP, or the IHSDP initiated & monitored through State Urban Development Nodal Agency (undertaken with due adoption of socio-economic surveys, bio-metric surveys & computerized database creation for effective beneficiary management, topographical surveys, geo-technical surveys, and preparation of DPRs with spatial maps / architectural & engineering drawings on computerized Auto-CAD media, and which offer technical and financial assistance guidelines) that are in progress in various states of India, would have their performance known in the coming years, which could also be referred to / improved upon by the DNH-PDA or SMC etc. when undertaking any such development. Currently, with respect to spatial needs, these programmes/schemes address the incorporation of proper share & quality of housing in group/cluster pattern to optimally utilize the limited land and with proper access to sunlight & ventilation conditions, proper accessibility through streets (wide enough to meet fire brigade movement requirements)/ pedestrian pathways, basic infrastructure of water supply, sewerage & drainage (localized collection & disposal or connectivity to main network), solid waste collection and street lighting, and social infrastructure like access to basic educational & health infrastructure within 1 km radius or else incorporate provision of a multi-purpose community centre with space for Aanganwadi / Health-Sub Centre / Crèche / Livelihood Centre with work space & proper loading/unloading/storage area, community toilets if needed, formal/informal market space, and animal pen, recreational space including space for a religious site as needed (recreational & community centre space can also be integrated with an existing religious site), and adoption of non-conventional energy systems.

o The five broad development options for the said purpose are given below: In-situ Up-gradation: An in-situ upgrading of slum is a way of improving

the physical environment and basic services in existing communities, while preserving their location, character and social structures. Besides improving the physical conditions and quality of life in these poor communities, the physical environments made under an up-gradation process can act as a spring board for other kinds of development like income generation, welfare, etc.


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Relocation: The greatest advantage of the relocation option is that it usually comes with housing tenure security – through land-use rights, outright ownership of some kind of long-term lease, etc. and the land being free from any habitation hazards like landslides/flooding/power transmission line. But the drawback is that the relocation sites are often far from existing communities, job opportunities, support structures and schools. Community members who want to keep their old jobs or attend the same schools must bear the extra burden of additional travelling time & expense, and must adapt themselves to the new environment. Also, communities face the additional burden of sharing beneficiary cost of land purchase payments & reconstructing their house at such new site if they are below a certain denied income criteria as part of current above-mentioned slum improvement programmes, while for those who are above this income criteria and had been living in such area would have rather have to face the full cost of reconstructing their houses (unless they are part of a rehabilitation programme that does not cater to such income criteria but to other criteria like, cut-off date of tenure for eligibility of such rehabilitation programme etc.). But tenure security tends to be a big incentive to invest in housing and environmental development for such beneficiaries.

However, there could be some constraints as well prior to realization of relocation option. Also, the relocation land should be in possession of the executing agency – i.e. own land / other government or Panchayat land transferred to the executing agency. Another possible cause of concern for such development to take effect for improvement could be delay in finalization of relocation site due to political factors like, political priorities or consensus required on transfer of voters to constituency of another community representative if the relocation land does not fall within the existing constituency.

Land Sharing: This option allows both the land owner and the community living on that land to benefit by dividing the land and allowing the community to buy/rent a portion of the land to the land owner to develop commercially. In land sharing, the community gets the secure land via land ownership of long-term lease hold, and the people can then work together to design and construct their own new housing on their portion of the site.

Reconstruction: In this option, existing slum communities are totally rebuilt on the same land or on land that is nearby within the same area (free from habitation hazards – landslides/flooding/power transmission line), either under long-term lease or outright purchase. The security of land tenure at such new site provides the community with a strong incentive to invest in their housing, through rebuilding or new


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construction. Although the reconstruction option involves making considerable physical changes within the community and requires some adaptations to the new environment, the strategy allows people to continue living in the same area and to remain close to their places of work, and this is a crucial compensation for the expenses incurred and for difficult reconstruction process.

Reblocking: This option is said to be a more systematic way of improving the infrastructure and physical conditions in existing communities by making adjustments to the layout to install sewers, drains, walkways, and roads in such a way that ensures the continuity of the community. Communities can then develop their housing gradually, at their own pace. When communities opt for reblocking, some houses may have to be moved and partially or entirely reconstructed to improve access or some street lanes may have to be realigned to enable drainage lines, water supply systems or sewers to be constructed. Reblocking is often undertaken in cases where communities have negotiated to buy or obtain long-term leases for the land they already occupy. In both cases, the process of reblocking is an important step in the progress towards land tenure security and improved housing.

o Collective/Community Rehabilitation: The communities within a given constituency link together, survey their housing problems as a group, and then enter into a collaborative process with their municipal governments and with other concerned organizations in the city to jointly develop programmes which resolves those problems and which allows all those communities to be developed with government finance and support. The form that development takes in each individual community is flexible, and could involve the above mentioned options i.e. in-situ up-gradation, relocation, land sharing, and reblocking. More important than the form is the fact that the housing plan covers all the settlements and carries out of a process in which all the local stakeholders look at the situation, review it, and plan together. The cornerstones of this process essentially are the following: Collective land management Collective financial management Collective social management A decentralized community based management system.

The collective community rehabilitation process will include – integration of development plans applicable, social development, community organization development, savings activities development, income generation and welfare. A working group that networks with local communities must include the


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representatives of the local community, urban local authorities, utility/service agencies, and the NGOs.

To promote a comprehensive and holistic kind of community development, which brings about improvements to all aspects of people’s lives, it is necessary to take into consideration the following aspects of comprehensive creation/up-gradation of certain specific plans: Infrastructure Development Plans, which include paved street lanes /

pedestrian pathways, water supply, sewage network, storm water drainage, solid waste collection & transfer / localized disposal, and electricity systems (depending upon the financial eligibility of a formal rehabilitation programme) – both at household and community levels.

Environmental Development Plans may include tree planting and greenery as part of streetscape improvement as well as for community recreational open spaces, rainwater harvesting, wastewater and garbage recycling, and any possible use of alternative energy systems – solar power, bio-mass / waste digester systems at community level, etc.

Social Development Plans may include vocation training, multi-purpose community centre to cater to the needs of aanganwadi / child & youth welfare / health sub-centers, hostels for poor or elderly citizens, cooperative offices, access to communication system, community toilets, fire-fighting facilities, animal pen if needed, etc.

Economic Development Plans for the community may include, developing markets / community stores or livelihood centers, establishing conservation/tourism areas if any, enhancing people’s earning through community enterprises (with formal/informal shop spaces), loans for small businesses, support for household workshops / livelihood or vocational training

• With respect to heritage conservation needs in future, a proper listing process of any built-heritage has to be taken by DNH UT Administration through either its some Heritage Committee or DNH-PDA, and thereafter any heritage zoning could be taken up, as felt necessary. Other measures, like undertaking conservation, any incentives for the same, architectural / other technical guidelines, etc. could then be prepared and notified for implementation. Proper interrelationship of built-heritage with the promotion of any other socio-cultural heritage may be considered, when promoting tourism based on such potential.


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CHAPTER 13 : POLICY DIRECTIONS & RESOURCE MOBILISATION ....................... 219

13.1 POLICY DIRECTIONS FOR ODP IMPLEMENTATION ............................................................. 219 13.2 LAND RESOURCES .............................................................................................................. 220 13.3 HOUSING/SHELTER ............................................................................................................ 229 13.4 PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE .............................................................................................. 229 13.5 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE .................................................................................................. 231 13.6 TRAFFIC & TRANSPORTATION ............................................................................................ 232 13.7 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL .............................................................................................. 232 13.8 COST OF IMPLEMENTATION OF ODP FOR UTILITIES & TRANSPORTATION BY DNH-PDA AND NET COST TO THE DNH-PDA FOR ODP TO BE EXECUTED IN COLLABORATION WITH SMC/DP/OTHERS ............................................................................................................................ 254 13.9 ROLE OF MAIN PLANNING /IMPLEMENTING AUTHORITY IN BEARING THE FINANCIAL BURDEN FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ODP .................................................................................. 260 13.10 NEED FOR PROPER MONITORING DURING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ODP ........................ 271 13.11 IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAMME FOR ODP OF DNH .......................................................... 273 13.12 DETERMINED JOINT EFFORTS FOR EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF ODP OF DNH .......... 273 13.13 WAY FORWARD FOR EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF ODP OF DNH ............................... 273

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TABLE 13-1: CRITERION FOR CATEGORISATION OF SLAUGHTERHOUSES INTO LARGE/MEDIUM/SMALL . 240 TABLE 13-2: WASTE WATER EFFLUENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FOR DIFFERENT CATEGORY OF

SLAUGHTERHOUSES ..................................................................................................................... 241 TABLE 13-3: WASTE WATER EFFLUENT STANDARDS FOR SLAUGHTERHOUSES DIFFERENT CATEGORY OF

SLAUGHTERHOUSES ..................................................................................................................... 241 TABLE 13-4: SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL STANDARDS FOR SLAUGHTERHOUSES ......................................... 242 TABLE 13-5: WASTE GENERATION STANDARDS FOR DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF SLAUGTERHOUSES .... 243 TABLE 13-6: TREATED EFFLUENT QUALITY STANDARDS FOR SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS ................ 245 TABLE 13-7: TREATED EFFLUENT QUALITY STANDARDS FOR COMMON EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANTS

.................................................................................................................................................... 249 TABLE 13-8: BROAD COST OF IMPLEMENTATION OF ODP, 2021 (UTILITIES & TRANSPORTATION) ....... 254 TABLE 13-9: OPTIONS/ RISK ASSESSENT OF APPLICABILITY OF PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS .......... 256 TABLE 13-10: PROSPECTIVE AREAS FOR ADOPTION/APPLICATION OF PPP/MSP MODELS FOR

DEVELOPMENT ............................................................................................................................. 258

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POLICY DIRECTIONS & RESOURCE MOBILISATION

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