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11. POBREŽJE NEAR MARIBOR

Matija Črešnar, Clive Bonsall, Jayne-Leigh Thomas

SITE NAME: Maribor – Pobrežje (EŠD 6181)

GKC: x – 156050, y – 553150, z – 258

SITE TYPE: Flat cremation cemetery (Urnfield period)

DISCOVERY INFORMATION:The first flat cremation burials were recorded in the eastern part of Pobrežje already in 1936 during gravel extraction. In the following three decades, 178 graves, mostly urn ones, were rescued from destruc�tion and an unknown number of them was destroyed (figs. 11.1–11.2). The grave goods consist primarily of ceramic vessels, but also bronze pieces of the fe�male or male costume. The earliest graves date to the end of Ha A, the majority dates to Ha B1 and Ha B2, while the end of burial at the site is most prob�is most prob�ably to be sought in Ha B3.1

Roughly 500m north of the cemetery a contempo�rary settlement was excavated between 2000 and 2006, with a large number of residential and other buildings. The settlement has only been presented in a preliminary report.2

1 Pahič 1953; Pahič 1972; Pahič 1991; Kaerner 1989, 139–154, T. 132–148. The finds were drawn by D. Oman.2 Strmčnik Gulič 2002; Strmčnik Gulič 2003b; Strmčnik Gulič et al. 2006, Poročilo o arheoloških raziskavah na trasi avto-ceste Slivnica - Pesnica, na odseku priključka Ptujska ‒ priključek Zrkovska. ‒ Maribor; Strmčnik Gulič, Kajzer Cafnik 2007.

11. POBREŽJE PRI MARIBORU

Matija Črešnar, Clive Bonsall, Jayne-Leigh Thomas

IME NAJDIŠČA: Maribor – Pobrežje (EŠD 6181)

GKK: x – 156050, y – 553150, z – 258

TIP NAJDIŠČA: plano grobišče z žganimi grobovi (kultura žarnih grobišč)

PODATKI O ODKRITJU:Plani žgani grobovi so bili na vzhodnem delu Po�brežja pri Mariboru prvič zabeleženi leta 1936 pri kopanju gramoza. Pred uničenjem pa je bilo v na�slednjih treh desetletjih skupaj rešenih 178 večinoma žarnih grobov, neznano število grobov pa je bilo uni�čeno (sl. 11.1–11.2). Med grobnimi pridatki je naj�več keramičnih posod, zastopani pa so tudi bronasti elementi ženske in moške noše. Najstarejše grobove datiramo na konec stopnje Ha A, večino pripisuje�mo stopnjama Ha B1 in Ha B2, medtem ko je konec pokopavanja verjetno iskati v fazi Ha B3.1

Približno 500 m severno od grobišča je bila v letih 2000 do 2006 izkopana sočasna naselbina, z večjim številom stanovanjskih in gospodarskih objektov, ki pa je doslej le preliminarno objavljena.2

1 Pahič 1953; Pahič 1972; Pahič 1991; Kaerner 1989, 139–154, T. 132–148. Risbe najdb so delo D. Omana.2 Strmčnik Gulič 2002; Strmčnik Gulič 2003b; Strmčnik Gulič et al. 2006, Poročilo o arheoloških raziskavah na trasi avto-ceste Slivnica - Pesnica, na odseku priključka Ptujska ‒ priključek Zrkovska. ‒ Maribor; Strmčnik Gulič, Kajzer Cafnik 2007.

Slika 11.1.Lokacija najdišča Po�brežje. (Vir: GURS, M. = 1:30.000).Figure 11.1.Location of the Pobrežje site. (Source: GURS, Scale = 1:30,000).

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OPISA GROBOV Z REZULTATI RADIOKARBONSKIH DATIRANJ:

GROB 27 (sl. 11.3)V 0,73 m globoko grobno jamo je bila na tanko plast žganine položena velika žara. V njej so bili na žganini odkriti odlomki več močno poškodovanih bronastih predmetov, odlomki štirih keramičnih posod, dve vretenci in kamnit izvrtek. Kosti so pripadale ženski stari med 21 in 30 let.

Opisi najdb (sl. 11.4 3):1. Odlomka bronaste ovratnice z uvitim koncem. Skupna dol.: 6,0 cm.2. Odlomki bronaste (spiralne) zapestnice, okrašene z na�sproti stoječimi si snopi vrezov v obliki smrekovih vejic. Dol.: 2,7 do 7,0 cm.3. Šivanka z odlomljenim ušescem. Dol.: 7,7 cm.4. Izvrtek iz serpentinita. Pr.: 1,2 cm.5.–6. Keramični vretenci. Pr.: 3,6 in 4,3 cm.7. Polkroglasta skleda z uvihanim ustjem. Pr. ustja: 11,9 cm.8. Konična skleda z uvihanim ustjem. Pr. ustja: 20,4 cm.9. Odlomki vrča, okrašenega s poševnim žlebljenjem. Pr. ustja: 15,0 cm.

3 Pahič 1972, 31, T. 7: 1–8; Pahič 1991, 64, 96, T. 23.

DESCRIPTION OF GRAVES WITH RESULTS OF RADIOCARBON ANALYSIS:

GRAVE 27 (fig. 11.3)Its pit was 0.73m deep and contained a large urn pla�ced onto a thin layer of cremated remains. The urn contained cremated remains, on top of which were fragments of several badly damaged bronze objects, fragments of four ceramic vessels, two spindle whorls and a stone boring. The bones belonged to a female, aged between 21 and 30 years.

Descriptions of finds (fig. 11.4 3):1. Two fragments of a bronze torque with a rolled end. Total l.: 6.0cm.2. Fragments of a bronze (spiral) bracelet with stripes of incisions arranged in a herringbone pattern. L.: 2.7–7.0cm.3. Needle with missing eye part. L.: 7.7cm.4. Stone boring of serpentinite. Diam.: 1.2cm.5.–6. Two ceramic spindle whorls. Diam.: 3.6 and 4.3cm.7. Semiglobular bowl with an inturned rim. Rim diam.: 11.9cm.8. Conical bowl with an inturned rim. Rim diam.: 20.4cm.9. Fragments of a jug with oblique grooves. Rim diam.: 15.0cm.10. Fragment of a strongly everted rim and conical neck of a vessel. Size: 6.8 × 3.4cm. 11. Fragmented vessel with a handle, horizontal grooves and garland�shaped grooves below the latter. Max. diam.: 13.7cm.

3 Pahič 1972, 31, T. 7: 1–8; Pahič 1991, 64, 96, T. 23.

Slika 11.2.Načrt planega

grobišča Pobrežje pri Mariboru z

označenima grobovo�ma z odvzetimi vzorci

za radiokarbonsko datiranje (po Pahič

1991, 18).Figure 11.2.

Plan of the flat cem�etery at Pobrežje near Maribor with marked

graves from which samples taken for

radiocarbon analysis (after Pahič 1991, 18).

Slika 11.3. Grob 27, profil (po

Pahič 1972, 86).Figure 11.3.

Grave 27, cross section (after Pahič

1972, 86).

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Slika 11.4. Pobrežje pri Mariboru. Najdbe iz groba 27. M. 1–4 = 1:2, 5–11 = 1:4; 1–3 – bron, 4 – kamen, 5–11 – keramika. Figure 11.4.Pobrežje near Mari�bor. Finds from grave 27. Scale 1–4 = 1:2, 5–11 = 1:4; 1–3 – bronze, 4 – stone, 5–11 – ceramic.

10. Odlomek močno izvihanega ustja in stožčastega vratu posode. Vel.: 6,8 × 3,4 cm. 11. Fragmentirana posoda z ročajem, okrašena z vodoravni�mi žlebovi in girlandami pod njimi. Največji pr.: 13,7 cm.

Rezultat radiokarbonskega datiranja:Vzorec prežgane kosti iz groba 27 je bil analiziran v laboratoriju v Oxfordu (Velika Britanija): Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit. Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, Oxford.

OxA-21482 Cremated boneδ13C (‰) �19.24Conventional age 2680 ± 26 BP

Slika 11.5. Rezultat radiokarbonskega datiranja prežgane kosti iz groba 27 (OxA�21482).Figure 11.5. Result of the radiocarbon analysis of the cremated bone sample from grave 27 (OxA�21482).

GROB 171V 0,85 m globoki grobni jami je bila velika žara, ki se ni ohranila, pokrita s kamnito ploščo. V njej je bila plast žganine z delno izbranimi kostmi, ob katerih je bila bronasta igla z uvito glavico. Na žganini so bile štiri posode: vrč, v katerem je bila tudi skodelica, skodela in dve skledi, v žganini pa je bilo tudi nekaj sileksov. Kosti so pripadale odrasli osebi.

Result of radiocarbon analysis:The cremated bone sample from grave 27 was ana�lyzed at the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Re-search Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art in Oxford (Great Britain).

GRAVE 171Its pit was 0.85m deep and contained a large urn, unpreserved, covered with a stone slab. The urn con�tained cremated remains with partly selected bones, beside which was a roll�headed pin. On top of the cremated remains were four vessels, namely a jug with a small cup inside, a cup and two bowls, while several stone flakes were found among the cremated remains. The bones belonged to an adult.

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Opisi najdb (sl. 11.7 4):1. Vrč z izvihanimi ustjem in vbočenim dnom, okrašen s plivim žlebom na prehodu rame v vrat. Pr. ustja: 13,7 cm.2. Skodelica z navpičnim ustjem in vbočenim dnom. Pr. ustja: 8,4 cm.3., 5. Konični skledi z uvihanim ustjem. Pr. ustja: 15,4 in 22,0 cm.4. Skodela z izvihanimi ustjem in vbočenim dnom. Pr. ustja: 17,2 cm.V grobu je bilo tudi nekaj do 5 cm velikih sileksov ter bronasta igla z uvito glavico (dol.: 13,6 cm), ki pa je za�ložena (sl. 11.7: 6).

Rezultat radiokarbonskega datiranja:Vzorec prežgane kosti iz groba 171 je bil analiziran v laboratoriju v Oxfordu (Velika Britanija): Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit. Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, Oxford.

4 Pahič 1991, 46–47, T. 13.

Descriptions of finds (fig. 11.7 4):1. Jug with an everted rim, concave base and shallow groove on the shoulder�to�neck transition. Rim diam.: 13.7cm.2. Small cup with a vertical rim and concave base. Rim diam.: 8.4cm.3., 5. Two conical bowls with an inturned rim. Rim diam.: 15.4 and 22.0cm.4. Cup with an everted rim and concave base. Rim diam.: 17.2cm.The grave also yielded several stone flakes measuring up to 5cm in length and a bronze roll�headed pin (l.: 13.6cm), the latter now lost (fig. 11.7: 6).

Result of radiocarbon analysis:The cremated bone sample from grave 171 was ana�lyzed at the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Re-search Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art in Oxford (Great Britain).

4 Pahič 1991, 46–47, T. 13.

Slika 11.6. Grob 171, tloris in

profil (po Pahič 1991, 47).

Figure 11.6.Grave 171, plan and

cross section (after Pahič 1991, 47).

Slika 11.7.Pobrežje pri Mari�

boru. Najdbe iz groba 171. M. 1–5 = 1:4, 6 = 1:2; 1–5 – kerami�

ka, 6 – bron. Figure 11.7.

Pobrežje near Mari�bor. Finds from grave 171. Scale 1–5 = 1:4,

6 = 1:2; 1–5 – cera�mic, 6 – bronze.

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OxA-21483 Cremated boneδ13C (‰) �21.58Conventional age 2636 ± 26 BP

Slika 11.8. Rezultat radiokarbonskega datiranja prežgane kosti iz groba 171 (OxA�21483).Figure 11.8. Result of the radiocarbon analysis of the cremated bone sample from grave 171 (OxA�21483).

HRAMBA: Pokrajinski muzej Maribor.

STORAGE LOCATION: Regional Museum Maribor.

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