Philae The Kiosk of Trajan - Griffith Institute Archive

TRAVELLERS’ GRAFFITI FROM EGYPT

AND THE

SUDAN

III

Philae The Kiosk of Trajan

Roger O. De Keersmaecker

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DEDICATION

To Professor Dr. H. De Meulenaere and Dr. L. Limme with whom I had the honour to work under their guidance at

Assasif and Elkab

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[email protected]

www.egypt-sudan-graffiti.be

TRAVELLERS’ GRAFFITI FROM EGYPT AND THE SUDAN Philae – The Kiosk of Trajan, is a non-profit initiative, a testimony of the early

travellers in Egypt and the Sudan. It is self-evident that the concept and the publication remain the property of

Roger O. De Keersmaecker. On no account may it be used for any commercial purpose.

© Graffito-Graffiti 2004

Mortsel (Antwerp) Belgium

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Acknowledgments

I wish to express my gratitude to the many people who have assisted me in the preparation of this booklet, in particular

Professor Dr. C. Sturtewagen, Gent

I am also deeply and variously indebted to the members of the Association for the Study of Travel in Egypt and the Near East

(ASTENE) Mrs Deborah Manley, Oxford

Dr David M. Dixon, High Wycombe Dr Rita C. Severis, Nicosia

Dr Jochen Hallof, Wuersburg Dr Sahar Sobhi Abdel-Hakim, Cairo

I am especially grateful to

Dr. J. Malek for the permission to use the 19th Century photographs of the Kiosk of Trajan,

Joseph Bonomi, watercolour and the

George Alexander Hoskins, pencil drawing, from the Archive of the Griffith Institute, Oxford

Last, but certainly not least, I again thank my brother-in-law,

Mr. Anthony J. Gamwell, for his generous help with my English grammar!

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Illustrations

Title page Kiosk of Trajan

Photograph by the author, March 1992 Opposite page 6

Photograph by the author, February 1966 Opposite page 7

Joseph Bonomi, watercolour, Courtesy of the Griffith Institute, Oxford Opposite page 18

Description Part of pl., 2, vol., I Opposite page 19



Description Part of pl., 25, vol., I

Opposite page 22 Description

Part of pl., 28, vol., I Opposite page 23

Title pages of Nathaniel Pearce Life and Adventures

Opposite page 24 Nathaniel Pearce inscription and the graffito of John Fuller

Photograph by the author Opposite page 25

George Alexander Hoskins, pencil drawing, Courtesy of the Griffith Institute, Oxford Opposite page 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38,39

19th Century photographs of the Kiosk of Trajan Courtesy of the Griffith Institute, Oxford

Opposite page 40 Brehm in Khartoum

Opposite page 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 19th Century photographs of the kiosk of Trajan

Courtesy of the Griffith Institute, Oxford Opposite page 47


The kiosk of Trajan, from Amelia B. Edwards, A Thousand Miles up the Nile Opposite page 49


The kiosk of Trajan, origin unknown

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Philae -The Kiosk of Trajan

The building of the Aswan Dam (1898-1902) produced a number of problems for the island of Philae, which were worsened by the further heightening between 1907 and 1912 and again from 1929 to 1934. From that time, Philae was under water and only reachable during a few summer months.

Moreover, greater problems occurred when building work began on the High Dam in 1960. In 1968, a decision was made to save the temples of Philae, after the rescue of Abu Simbel earlier in the year. The High Dam was completed in 1970 and in 1972 work started on the removal and rebuilding the whole temple complex on the island of Agilkia, situated to north of Biga Island.

In 1974, a coffer-dam was constructed around Philae and the water was pumped away. Reconstruction of Philae’s monuments began in 1977 after the foundations had been laid on Agilkia. Two years later in 1979 the work was completed and Philae was saved (1).

The Kiosk of Trajan is inscribed with the graffiti of a number of travellers who visited Philae, ranging from the earliest in 1799 to the end of the 19th century. Most of the graffiti are dated and some that are not can be so with the help of those found in other places. The graffiti registered at The Kiosk of Trajan have been recorded in a numbered card-index which includes a colour transparency and a photograph. Moreover, they are located on a ground plan. The inventory numbers used hereafter are preceded by the author’s initials (RDK). The numbering of the walls on the adapted ground plan from P&M, VI, Oxford 1939, p. 248, are also by the author. As far as possible biographical and bibliographical information on the travellers has been collected.

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Bibliography

Aldred = Cyril Aldred, The Temple of Dendur, New York 1979. Almagia = Roberto Almagia, ed.L’Opera degli Italiani per la Conoscenza dell’Egitto per il suo risorgimento Civile ed economico, Parte Prima, Roma 1926. Baillet = Jules Baillet, Inscriptions grecques et latines des Tombeaux des Rois ou syringues à Thèbes, Le Caire 1926.

Bano = Leonzio Bano, Mezzo secolo di storia Sudanese, 1842-1898, Verona 1976. Bierbrier = Morris L. Bierbrier, Who was Who in Egyptology, Third revised edition, London 1995. Blackman (1911) = Aylward Manley Blackman, The Temple of Dendur, Le Caire 1911. Blackman (1913) = Aylward Manley Blackman, The Temple of Derr, Le Caire 1913. Carré Jean-Marie Carré, Voyageurs et écrivains Français En Egypte, 2 vol., Le Caire 1956. Chauvet = Michel Chauvet, Fréderic Cailliaud, Les Aventures d’un Naturaliste en Egypte et au Sudan 1815-1822, Saint Sébastien 1989. Christophe (1965) = Louis A. Christophe, Abou Simbel et l’épopée de sa découverte, Bruxelles 1965. DAB = Dictionary of American Biography, 10 vols., New York. DBF = Dictionnaire de biographie Française, vol., 16, Paris 1985. De Keersmaecker = Roger O. De Keersmaecker, Travellers’ Graffiti from Qertassi Egypt and the Sudan, I, The Kiosk of Qertassi, Berchem (Antwerp) 2001. De Keersmaecker = Roger O. De Keersmaecker, Travellers’ Graffiti from Semna and Kumma Egypt and the Sudan, II, The Temples of Semna and Kumma, Mortsel (Antwerp) 2003. Description = Description de l’Egypte, Paris, Institut d’Orient, Reprint from the original edeition. Dewachter (1971a) = Michel Dewachter, Graffiti des voyageurs du XIXe siècle relevés dans le Temple d’Amada en Basse- Nubie, BIFAO 69, (1971). Dewachter 1971b) = Michel Dewachter, Nubie – Notes diverses, BIFAO 70 (1971), p. 83-117. Dunham = Dows Dunham, Jozef M. A. Janssens, Second Cataract Forts, Semna-Kumma, Boston 1960. Fuller = John Fuller, Narrative of a Tour through some parts of The Turkish Empire. London 1830. Gauthier (1913) = Henri Gauthier, Le Temple d’Amada, Le Caire 1913. Gauthier (1914) = Henri Gauthier, Le Temple de Kalabsha, Le Caire 1914. Giorgini = Michela Schiff Giorgini, Clément Robichon, Jean Leclant, Soleb I- 1813-1963, Firenze 1965. Goyon = Georges Goyon, Les inscriptions et graffiti des

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voyageurs sur la Grande Pyramide, Le Caire 1944.

Hallof = Jochen Hallof, Besucherinschriften in den Tempeln von Dendera, BIFAO 96, (1996). Halls = John James Halls, The Life and Correspondence of Henry Salt, 2 vol., London 1834. Harlé-Lefebvre = Diane Harlé et Jean Lefebvre,

Sur le Nil avec Champollion, Lettres, journaux et dessins inédits de Nestor L’hôte, Premier voyage en Egypte 1828-1830, Orléans-Caen 1993.

Hill = Richard Hill, A Biographical Dictionary of the Sudan, London 1967. Hilmy = Prince Ibrahim Hilmy, The Literature of Egypt and the Sudan, London 1886-1887. Jolowicz (1858) = H. Jolowicz, Bibliotheca Aegyptiaca, Leipzig 1858. Jolowicz (1861) = H. Jolowicz, Bibliotheca Aegyptiaca, (Supplement), Leipzig 1861. Jowett = Rev. William Jowett, Christian Researches in the

Mediterrean from MDCCCXV to MDCCCXX, London 1822. Kalfatovic = Martin R. Kalfatovic, Nile Notes of a Howadji, Metuchen 1992. Lumbroso = Giacomo Lumbroso, Descrittori Italiani dell’Egitto e di Alessandria, Ati della R. Accademia dei Lincei, Anno CCLXXVI, 1878-1879, Roma 1879. Lumbroso II = Giacomo Lumbroso, Ritocchi et aggiunte ai Descrittori Italiani dell’ Egitto e di Alessandria, Reale

Accademia dei Lincei, Anno CCLXXXIX 1892, Roma 1892. Manley = Deborah Manley, The Nile, A Traveller’s Anthology, London 1991. Manley, Rée = Deborah Manley, Peta Rée, Henry Salt, Artist, Traveller,

Diplomat, Egyptologist, London 2001. NBD = Neue Deutsche Biographie, Berlin. Pearce = Nathaniel Pearce, Life and Adventures in Abyssinia, 2 vol., London 1980 (Reprint of the 1831 edition). Richardson = Robert Richardson, Travels along the Mediterranean and parts adjacent, in company with the Earl of Belmore, during the years 1816-17-18: extending as far as The Second Cataract of the Nile, Jerusalem, Damascus, Balbec, etc. etc. 2 vol., London 1822. Ridley = Ronald T. Ridley, Napoleon’s Proconsul in Egypt, The Life and Times of Bernardino Drovetti, London Roeder = Günther Roeder, Debod bis Bab Kalabsche, II, Le Caire 1911. Saint John = James Augustus Saint John, Egypt and Mohammed

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Ali, Travels in the Valley of the Nile, 2 vol., London 1834. Stadnikov = Sergej Stadnikov, Die Wanderungen des deutsch- Baltischen Orientreisenden Alexander von Üxkul in Ägypten und Nubien 1822-1823, Göttinger Miszellen, Heft 146, Göttingen 1995. Tobler = Titus Tobler, Bibliographia Palaestinae, Amsterdam 1964 (Reprint of the 1867 edition). Udal = John O. Udal, The Nile in Darkness, Norwich 1998. Usick = Patricia Usick, Adventures in Egypt and Nubia, The Travels of William John Bankes (1786-1855) London 2002. Zach = Michael Zach, Österreicher im Sudan 1820 bis 1914, Veröffentlichungen der Institute für Afrikanistik und Ägyptologie der Universität Wien, nr. 34, Beiträge zur Afrikanistik, Band 24, Wien 1985.

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Bertha Porter, Rosalind L. B. Moss, VI, Upper Egypt: Chief Temples, Oxford 1939, p. 248, Philae, Kiosk

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RDK 1409 P. CHABUY 1799 Entrance from quay, left (9). RDK 364 AMIRO (1818?) Entrance, left (2). RDK 1101 SARAH DANE Entrance, right (13). (1818) RDK 1164 CAP. A. L. Corry RN Column (8). JANUARY 1818 RDK 1166 R. F. HOLT Entrance, right (13). 1818 RDK 659 Andrea Inside wall (11). Dinino 1818 RDK 368 JOHN FULLER Inside, wall (11). 1819 RDK 368 N Pearce Inside wall (11). Five months from Addwa

In Abysinia, after being In that Country, 14 Years in The service of the EARL Of Mountnorris & H. SALT Esq MARCH XXXI MDCCCXIX RDK 1352 A. PIOZIN Inside wall (11). (1820) RDK 1401 ZUCCOLI Entrance from quay, left (9). (1820) RDK 1283 1822 Entrance, right (13) F. HUGUES RDK 1218 Joseph Crenier 1823 Quay, before kiosk. RDK 658 BARON D’UXKULL Inside wall (11). 1823 RDK 557 Joseph Geirler Inside wall (11). 1823 de POLON RDK 720 M. Horton Entrance, left (1). 1823 RDK 562 Dr Pasquati 1823 Entrance, right (13).

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RDK 553 MADDEN Inside wall (11). (1826)? RDK 555 FERNIG Entrance, left (13Bis) 1827 AB RDK 553 F. SEWELL Inside wall (11). 1827 RDK 563 D’ARCET Column (11). 1829 RDK 559 GUILHOU Column (4) (1829) RDK 563 LAGASQUIE Column (11) (1829)? RDK 1343 E. PARISET Column (12) (1829)? RDK 1337 L s. NOLFI 1829 Entrance, right (13). RDK 1299 R. LANGTON Entrance from quay, left (9). Nov 29 1830 RDK 1375 ROUMIEU Entrance, right (13). 1830 RDK 1363 Rimondi Inside wall (5). (1831) RDK 715 ALEXANDER Outside wall, near entrance,

Imvs right side (7). Per 25 an cum Gloria et feli citate russ. imperavit 1832 RDK 661 GODFREY LEVINGE Inside, wall (12). 1833 RDK 1404 MXJ Inside, wall (11) X O5 1835

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RDK 1191 Carme Inside, wall (11). lo Boneli o 1835 RDK 722 HOLROYD Entrance from quay, right (6). 1836 RDK 558 KOCH Column (4) D 1836 RDK 1372 SMITH Inside wall (11). RDK 560 GREGSON Column (2). 1837 RDK 659 T. PARKER Inside wall (11). OCTOBER 11 1839 RDK 1233 ALESSANDRO DI (MACCO) Column (9). (1841) RDK 660 L BURNENS Inside wall (3). Suisse 1842 E61 RDK 914 F. Leathley January 1842 Entrance, right (13). RDK 552 GIRAULT DE PRANGEY Entrance from quay, right (6A). 1844 RDK 551 Ade DE LATOUR Entrance, right (14). 1850 RDK 1315 MALEZIE Entrance, right (13Bis). 1850 RDK 662 Bauerhorst 1851 Berlin Inside wall (11) RDK 662 Brehm 1851 S. Altenburg Inside wall (11). RDK 554 M. J. Bayer Inside wall (3). (1851) RDK 663 MURRAY Inside wall (11). 1852

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RDK 557 I. R. INGLEDEW NEWCASTLE 1854 Inside wall (11). RDK 557 ROBERT WOOD 1854 Inside wall (11). RDK 664 L. ZUCCHI Inside wall (3). 1854 RDK 714 A. S. Gordon Inside wall (11). 1855 RDK 1221 G. CUTAIAR Inside wall (11). 1856 RDK 722 J. H Entrance from quay, right (6). TRUMBULL S. A JAN (1856) RDK 1368 A. POLLAK Inside wall (10). 1860 RDK 554 Guseppe Gabbrielli Inside wall (3). Napoli 11 feb////o 1861 RDK 1377 SANDWITH Entrance from quay, right (6). 1861 RDK 1349 A. PERETTI Inside, wall (11). 1863? RDK 1193 Bonomi Entrance from quay, left (9). 1874 RDK 1397 T. WALLACE Entrance, left (2). (18) ? 76 RDK 1271 A. Hamdy Bey Entrance left side (2). 1867-69 RDK 1266 E. S. GORDEO Column (8). P. S. GORDEO (1878)? RDK 553 GEORGE Inside wall (11) 1883 RDK 658 HABIB KAYTT Inside wall (11). 1883

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RDK 1329 T. MIDDLETON Inside wall (4). 1884 RDK 1329 H. M. S MONARCH Inside wall (4). 1884 RDK 1332 E. MOSSES Inside wall (11). 56 REG. 1884. 5. 6 RDK 553 1. 19. REG T Inside, wall (11) 1885 RDK 1412 W. C. AULER Inside wall (4). RDK 1179 F. BALLIG Entrance from quay, left (9). RDK 1190 BONAVILLA Inside wall (11). RDK 561 CONTE CIALBAZZI Entrance from quay, right (6). RDK 1265 P. Z. CORDE Column (10). RDK 1227 CONTE DE KLUMEZ Entrance from quay, left (9). RDK 561 CONTE DI KLUMEZ Entrance from quay, right (6). RDK 556 A. DOHERTY Entrance, left (1). RDK 1236 J. DOWNES Entrance from quay, left (9). RDK 1237 L. DRAPER Entrance from quay, left (9). RDK 1240 DUMONT Column (12). RDK 1263 Gianoli Inside, wall (11). R RDK 1417 H. GIOTHIE Inside, wall (10) RDK 1280 F. M. HESSEME Inside, wall (11). RDK 721 ITALO FEDERICI Inside, wall (4). RDK 563 LAGASQU Column (11). RDK 1321 GEORGES Inside, wall (11). MARCUS RDK 1343 E. PARISET Column (12).l RDK 1347 E. PEAKE Inside, wall (5a)

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. RDK 1364 Emile Pog Inside, wall (11). XV DCCC// XXX RDK 1356 CLAUDIUS PO Inside wall (11). RDK 1375 E. ROULON Inside wall (4). RDK 1169 HADGI SOLIMAN ? Inside wall (11). RDK 1381 G. SUMNER Entrance from quay, left (9). RDK 1398 A. WATSON Inside wall (10). RDK 1399 WEGNER Entrance from quay, right (6). RDK 1400 J. H. Welles Entrance from quay, right (6).

Greek graffiti

RDK 1415 ANASTASIOS Entrance from quay, left (9) RDK 1416 HARALAMPIA Inside wall (11)

The Arabic graffiti

RDK 722 Abd-Allah Haseeb Entrance from quay, right (6) Gad Saber Mohtady Sheen

Unclassifiable

RDK 368 RR DE LA O TE Inside, wall (11) R LINDIFERENTE

ORO

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Dated graffiti

P. Chabuy

Date: 1799 Location: Entrance from quay, left side (9) Recording: RDK 1409 Biographical details None No other known graffiti Remarks: The first person who carved his name on the Kiosk was incontestable a soldier of Napoleon’s army. He put only his name and the year 1799, without mentioning his regiment, as did most of the soldiers. Domenico Ermenegildo Frediani (Amiro)

Date: (1818)? Location: Entrance, left (2) Recording: RDK 364 Bibliography: Hill, p. 129; Bierbrier, p. 157; Udal, p. 232; Alberto Siliotti, Egypt Lost and Found, London 1998, p. 158 passim; Usick, p. 146, 167; Zach, p. 20-21. Other graffiti and information see Roger O. De Keersmaecker, Qertassi Sarah Dane

Date: (1818) Location: Entrance, right side (13) Recording: RDK 1101 Biographical details: None

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Other graffito KOM OMBO RDK 611 Outer hypostyle hall, north central doorway :Sarah D/////// 1818 Remarks: With Sara Dane we have a problem. She is probably one of the two servants that accompanied the Earl and Countess of Belmore and Miss Juliana Brook on the boat from Aswan to the Second Cataract (2). The names of the servants and other personnel that were with them on the trip are not mentioned in Richardson’s book.. Armar Lowry Corry

Date: 1818 Location: Column (8) Recording: RDK 1164 Biographical details: John Marshall, Royal Naval Biography, London 1830, p. 314-315; William R. O’Byrne, A Naval Biographical Dictionary, London 1849, p. 230; Peter Marson, The Belmores of Castle Coole 1740-1913, Enniskillen 1998, p. 27 (passim). Bibliography: Robert Richardson, Travels along the Mediterranean, and parts adjacent; in company with The Earl of Belmore, during the years 1816-17-18: extending as far as The Second cataract of the Nile, Jerusalem, Damascus, Balbec, &c. &c., 2 vol., London 1822; Tobler, p. 145-146; Kalfatovic; Manley, Rée, p. 126, 153. Remarks: He was the Captain on the “Osprey” a brig of 232 tons, with 14 guns and manned by 32 seaman that brought the Lord Belmore party to the Middle East (3). Other graffiti ABU SIMBEL Great Temple RDK 490 Entrance to great hall, right side: Cap Corry RN

RDK 742 Sanctuary, north wall: A. L. Corry Christophe (1965), sur le mur nord du sanctuaire, à l’intérieur du cadre utilisé par Belzoni et ses compagnons pour commémorer l’ouverture du temple, p. 53, 222 (note 3).

Small Temple RDK 672 Façade, [PM VII, plan p. 112 (5)] : Cap A L Corry Dewachter (1971a), p. 147 RN 1817

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ABUSIR Rock of Warren Dawson, MSS 56319 625c Notebook 83, Names carved on the rock of Abu Sir, near the second cataract. From J. A. St. John, Egypt and Mohammet Ali, 1834, I, p. 499.

We next proceeded to the very important operation of having all the names of the party engraved on the rock; and having selected a spot suitable for the purpose, the ship’s carpenter set to work with his chisel and mallet, in a short time, accomplished the task (4).

Perceiving here the names of some of our English friends sculptured on the rock, we proceed to engrave our own, as a memorial of our visit, and to tell the future traveller that we had been there before him. Having finished this piece of lithograph, we set out on our return to the vessel, highly gratified with our day’s excursion (5).

Traveller’s comments on the Abu Sir graffiti.

Eusèbe De Salle, Pérégrinations en Orient ou voyage pittoresque, Historique et Politique en Egypte, Nubie, Syrie, Turquie, Grèce pendant les années 1837-38-39, 2 vol., Paris 1840.

Vol., 1, p. 86 (Rocher d’Abousir). Le rocher d’Abousir est d’un grès tender qui facilite la sculpture vaniteuse des touristes. Il y a déjà nombre de noms obscurs à côté de quelques notabilités. Lord Belmore a écrit Belmore tout court. Richardson, qui l’accompagnait en qualité de médecin et qui a écrit une fort bonne relation du voyage, a fait précéder son nom de « Docteur ». L’un de noms trouva plaisant de marteler ce titre modeste, comme si le grand voyage et l’intéressant récit étaient une savonette à vilain, suffisante pour égaler Richardson à un Lord.

AMADA Dewachter (1971a), p. 146, p. 134, planche XXIII 5 - C 41 p. 135, planche XXIII 6 - N 6 el-DAKKA Dewachter (1971a), p. 147 note 3 DENDARA RDK 92, 2 Roof of outer hypostyle : ARMAR L. CORRY Hallof, p. 233, note 17 DENDUR Blackman (1911), plate LII, 2 A. L. Corry R N 1817 Berlin photo no. 1903 F. Ibrahim, Ch. Leblanc, Le temple de Dandur, III,

Centre d’études et de documentation sur l’ancienne Egypte, collection Scientifique, Le Caire 1975, CEDAE Pl. LXVI.

Aldred, pl. 40 GERF HUSSEIN Christophe (1965), p. 222 note 3.

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Dewachter (1971a), p. 146 note 3. GIZA Pyramid of Khufu Traveller’s graffiti comment

Lieutenant Colonel Fitzclarence, George Augustus Frederick, Earl of Munster, Journal of a Route across India, through Egypt, to England, in the latter end of the year 1817, and the beginning of 1818, London 1819, p. 457 (The great pyramid):

As it has been customary for travellers to inscribe their names on the summit, I chose a place for mine on the same stone on which Lord Belmore had inscribed his, that of his lady, and that of his Lordship’s brother, Captain Corry. There was also the name of Rosa on the stone, which I concluded was that of some enterprising damsel, and gave her all due credit for her successful attempt; but have since learnt that it was the cognomen of her Ladyship’s lap-dog.

EDFU RDK 1406 Outer hypostyle: A. L. Corry ELKAB RDK 440 Tomb of Paheri, west wall, south-end: A: L: Corry 1817 (Corry erased but legible) KALABSHA RDK 1407 Pylon, top doorway: A. L. Corry KOM OMBO RDK 611 Cap. A. L. Corry 1818 PHILAE Back of second pylon, roof: A. L. Corry 1818

In the first, to the right, The French have been at the trouble to engrave on the wall the progress of their arms and researches in Egypt, along with their astronomical observations, to ascertain the latitude of different places, which they have not done correctly(6).

QASR IBRIM Ricardo A. Caminos, The Shrines and Rock- Inscriptions of Ibrim, London 1968. Introduction, p. 11, note 9

Not less trivial was the visit of a group made up by the Earl and Countess of Belmore. Dr. Robert Richardson, and Captain Armar Lowry Corry on 27-28 December 1817. They entered four of the shrines and were apparently disappointed, for they “did not find that they contained any thing particular”, the party also ascended to the ford, and the Earl and his brother Captain Corry inscribed their names on the wall on one of the monuments on the hill summit.

TAFA RDK 84: A. L. Corry

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Hans D. Schneider, Taffeh, Rond de wederopbouw van een Nubische tempel, ’s-Gravenhagen 1979, p. 91.

Maarten J. Raven, The Temple of Taffeh, II: The Graffiti, in Oudheidkundige Mededelingen, 79 (1999), p. 89.

THEBES DEIR el-SHELWIT

C. M. Zivie, M. Azim, P. Deleuze, J. C. Golvin, Le temple de Deir Chelauit, IV, étude architecturale, Publications de l’Institut Français d’archéologie Orientale 1992. : A. L. Corry R. N. KARNAK RDK 43 Hypostyle Hall, column : A: L: Corry

Advancing within we perceived inscribed on the right hand side of the passage, the latitudes of the different places in Egypt, as taken by the French Commission of Arts, at an early period of their undertaking, when probably they had not learned to take the error of their instruments, or to observe with accuracy. Afterwards, however, they discovered their mistake, repeated their observations; the results of which are published in their large work on Egyptian Antiquities(7).

LUXOR TEMPLE RDK 778 Pylon, roof, right side : Cap. A: L: CORRY R::N: JANUARY : 13 1817 and 1818 MEDINET HABU RDK 72 Great temple, second court, column : 1818 A: L: Corry THE RAMESSEUM RDK 198 Entrance to library: A: L: Corry 1818 TEMPLE OF SETHOS I (Qurna temple) RDK 126 Hypostyle, column: A: L: Corry 1818

At first we were puzzled by two names inscribed on the roof of the outer hypostyle hall at Dendara: I. LIVINGSTON and just underneath: N 12 1817 + OSPREY. The latter was known to be the name of the brig that carried the Belmore party to the Middle East. But with the help of the crew list and the passport issued in Sicily, we were able to identify the seamen as James Livingston and another crew member John Patterson, who also travelled with the Belmore’s to the second cataract. It is clear that these two seaman were instructed to make the graffiti carvings all over Egypt and Nubia for the Belmore group(8). Other graffiti DENDARA RDK 93 Outer hypostyle, roof: I. LIVINGSTON N 12 1817 + OSPRAY

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Hallof , p. 236, Dach des Pronaos, Nordseite, Mitte, in der Nähe der Eisenträger

DENDUR

Berlin photo no 1897, Tempel, Vorhalle Blackman (1911) pl., XLIX: J.PATTERSON J. LIVINGSTON JANUARY. 1. 1818

PHILAE RDK 597 Temple of Isis, first pylon, near the Deasaix inscription: J LIVINGSTON Berlin photo no 191, Südseite des 1. Pylons J. PATTERSON 1818 Robert Fowler Holt (Rev.)

Date: 1818 Location: Entrance, right (13) Recording: RDK 1166 Biographical details:

Bierbrier, p. 206 Bibliography:

Richardson, p. 365 passim ; Manley, Rée, p. 126 passim.

Other Graffito ABU SIR Warren Dawson, Notebooks, MSS 56319 6256 R.Holt, (1817 Rev. Robert Fowler H. of Lord Belmore’s party).

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John Fuller Nathaniel Pearce

Date: 1819 Location: Inside, wall (11) Recording: RDK 368 Biographical details: Nathaniel Pearce, The Live and Adventures of Nathaniel Pearce, written by Himself, during a Residence in Abyssinia, from the years 1810 to 1819, together with Mr. Coffin’s Account of his Visit to Gondar, Edited by J. J. Halls, Esq., in two volumes, London 1831.

George, Viscount Valentia, Voyages and Travels to India, Ceylon, The Red Sea, Abyssinia and Egypt in the years 1802, 1803, 1804, 1805 and 1806, in three volumes, London 1809; vol., I p. 214 passim, vol., II p. 37 passim; G. Belzoni, Narrative of the Operations and Recent Discoveries within the Pyramids, Temples, Tombs, and Excavations, in Egypt and Nubia, and of a Journey to the Coast of the Red Sea, in search of the Ancient Berenice, and another to the Oasis of Jupiter Ammon, London 1820; Rev. William Jowett. M. A. one of the Representatives of the Society and late Fellow of St. John’s College. Cambridge, Christian Researches in the Mediterranean from MDCCCXV to MDCCCXX. In Furtherance of the Objects of the Church Missionary Society, London 1822, p. 124 passim; John Fuller, Esq., Narrative of a Tour through some parts of the Turkish Empire, London 1830, p. 150 passim, (biography of Nathaniel Pearce, p. 256-260); J. J. Halls, Esq., The Life and Correspondence of Henry Salt, Esg., F. R. S. & C., His Britannic Majesty’s late Consul General in Egypt, in two volumes, London 1834, vol., I p. 86 passim, vol., II p. 105 passim. Bibliography: Manley, Rée, Pearce, XII passim; Fuller, p. 187, 188.

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Other graffiti and information see Roger O. De Keersmaecker, Qertassi Andrea Dinino

Date: 1818 Location: Inside, wall (11) Recording: RDK 659 No biographical and bibliographical information known Other Graffiti QERTASSI-QUARRY

Roeder, pl. 68: PHILAE RDK 630 Temple of Isis, hypostyle, back of second pylon, (PMVI, plan p. 248 (258) TAFA RDK 85 Roeder, pl. 84

Hans D. Schneider, Taffeh, Rond de wederopbouw van een Nubische tempel, ’s-Gravenhage 1979, p. 91 Raven J. Maarten, The Temple of Taffeh, II, The graffiti, Oudheidkundige Mededelingen 79 (1999), p. 89.

A. Piozin

Date: (1820) Location: Inside, wall (11) Recording: RDK 1352 Biographical details: None Bibliography: De Forbin, Voyage dans le levant en 1817 et 1818, Paris 1819, p. 191, 193 ;

De Forbin, Travels in Egypt, being a continuation of the Travels in the Holy Land. In 1817-18, London 1819, p. 5 (passim).

Other graffiti SOLEB

25

Giorgini, p. 16 (The graffito is dated: September 1820) THEBES RDK 249 The Ramesseum, Second court, column : A E PIOZIN 1820 Giuseppe Michele Zuccoli

Date: (1820) Location: Entrance from quay, left (9) Recording: RDK 1401 Biographical details:

As a cartographer and topographer, he travelled with the military expedition of Ibrahim Pasha al-Wali into the Sudan.

Bibliography: Lumbroso, p. 531 ; Giacomo Lumbroso, Descrittori Italiani dell’Egitto e di

Alessandria, Memoria del socio Giacomo Lumbroso, Roma 1879, p. 105 ; Zach, p. 19-20. Other Graffiti ABU SIMBEL Great temple RDK 383 On broken colossus, near entrance : ZUCCOLI GEBEL EL-SILSILA RDK 334 ZUCCOLI 1820 F. Hugues

Date: 1822 Location: Entrance, right (13) Recording: RDK 1283 No biographical and bibliographical information known No other graffiti found

26

Joseph Crenier

Date: 1823 Location: Quay, before kiosk Recording: RDK 1218 No biographical and bibliographical information known No other graffiti found Baron D’Uxkull

Date: 1823 Location: Inside, wall (11) Recording: RDK 658 Biographical details: Hill, p. 212; Bierbrier, p. 422, 283, 251; Stadnikov, p. 71-92. See also Roger O. De Keersmaecker: The Temples of Semna and Kumma. Joseph Geirler

Date: 1823 Location: Inside, wall (11) Recording: RDK 557 No biographical and bibliographical information known. No other graffiti found M. Horton

Date: 1823

27

Location: Entrance, left (1) Recording: RDK 720 No biographical and bibliographical information known. No other graffiti found Dr Pasquati

Date: 1823 Location: Entrance, right (13) Recording: RDK 562 No biographical and bibliographical information known. No other graffiti found Richard Robert Madden

Date: (1826) Location: Inside, wall (11) Recording: RDK 553 Biographical details:

Richard Robert Madden, Travels in Turkey, Egypt, Nubia, and Palestine in 1824-1825-1826 and 1827, 2 vol.,. London 1827; Richard Robert Madden, Egypt and Mohammed Ali, Illustrative of the Condition in Turkey, Egypt,Nubia and Palestine, in 1824, 1825, 1826 & 1827, 2 vols., London 1829; Bierbrier: p. 269

Bibliography: Bibliotèque Khédiviale, Catalogue de la section européenne, 1, l’Egypte, Le Caire 1892, p. 106 ; Hilmy p. 3 ; Kalfatovic, p. 104 ; Udal, p. 145 (passim) ; Ridley, p. 133 (passim) ; D. Manley, p. 34 (passim) ; D. Manley, P. Rée, p. 76 (passim) ; Paul and Janet Starkey Edit., Unfolding the Orient, Reading 2001, p. 75, 76.

Other graffiti DENDARA RDK 1100, Outer hypostyle, column R (PM VI, plan p. 22) : MADDEN 1826 EDFU RDK 959, Pylon, entrance, left : MADDEN

28

ELKAB RDK 439, Tomb of Paheri: MADDEN 1826 THEBES RDK 225, Medinet Habu, small temple dyn., XVIII, inside room, wall VIII: MADDEN 1826 Jean Louis César Comte de Fernig

Date: 1827 Location : Entrance, left (13Bis Recording : RDK 555 For biographical, bibliographical and other graffiti information see Roger O De Keersmaecker, Qertassi. F. Sewell

Date : 1827 Location : Inside, wall (11) Recording: RDK 553 No biographical and bibliographical information known No other graffiti found Dr. Etienne Pariset

Date : (1829) ? Location : Column (12) Recording : RDK 1343 Biographical details: Bierbrier, p. 319

29

Bibliography: Ida Saint-Elme, La Contemporaine en Égypte, pour faire suite aux, Souvenirs d’une femme. Sur les principaux personnages de la République, du consulat, de l’empire et de la restauration, 4 vol., Stuttgart 1831, vol., I, p. 307, vol., II, p. 4 (passim), vol., III, p. 105 (passim), vol., IV, p. 36 (passim); Champollion le jeune, Lettres écrites d’Égypte et de Nubie en 1828 et 1829, Paris 1833, p. 87 ; Hilmy, II, p. 93 ; Caré, p. 220 (note 2), 294; H. Hartleben, Champollion, Paris 1983, p. 383, 454, 508 ; Silvio Curto, Laura Donatelli, Bernardino Drovetti Epistolario, Milano 1985, p. 430 (passim); Jean Lacouture, Champollion, Une vie de Lumières, Paris 1988, p. 440, 441, 443 ; Harlé, Lefebvre, p. 114 (passim); Ridley, p. 180 (passim).

No other graffiti found Dr D’Arcet

Date: 1829 Location: Column (11) Recording: RDK 563 Bibliography: Ida Saint-Elme, op.cit., I, p. 307, II, p. 4 (passim), III, p. 113-114, 314 Other graffiti DENDARA RDK 1223 Outer hypostyle, roof : D’ARCET 1828 Hallof, p. 233 GEBEL EL-SILSILA RDK 531 Rock : D’ARCET 1829 KOM OMBO

Flaubert, Correspondance I, 1830-1851, Paris 1973, p. 440, 1028 note 2, 615, 1089 note 3

Remarks: We don’t know if the D’Arcet mentioned in the Flaubert’s Correspondance is the same person that left the other graffiti

Dr Dumont

Date: 1829? Location: Column (12) Recording: RDK 1240

30

Bibliography: Ida Saint-Elme, op. cit., II, p. 4, 92 Other graffito: GEBEL EL-SILSILA

RDK 531 Rock: DUMONT

Dr Guilhou

Date: (1829) Location: Column (4) Recording: RDK 559 Biographical details:

It seems that Nestor l’Hôte (8) was good friends with Guilhou, Lagasquie and Pariset when he came back from the south, and stayed in Alexandria and Cairo. Lettre à ses parents, 22 Novembre 1829: Mr. Guilhou, l’un des collaborateurs de Mr Pariset, profitait de l’occasion pour faire une promenade à Alexandrie, et nous mîmes en route dans l’après-midi (10). Lettre à ses parents, 29 Novembre 1829 : Demain 30 Novembre nous retournons au Caire, Mr Guilhou et moi(11). Lettre à ses parents, 23 Janvier 1830 : Mr Lagasquie, seul de la Commission médicale, est resté au Caire, et c’est avec lui nous vivons comme si Mr Pariset y était(12). Lettre à ses parents, 27 Mars 1830 : Le lendemain, point douloureux dans la poitrine, respiration courte et pénible, et fièvre toujours croissante. Mr Guilhou, l’un des jeunes médecins de la Commission Pariset, qui était à Alexandrie et lequel nous vivions, m’ordonna et m’appliqua lui-même douze sangsues à la poitrine(13).

Bibliography: Harle, Lefebvre, p. 300-301,312 Other Graffiti GEBEL EL-SILSILA RDK 543 Rock ? : GUILHOU 1829 THEBES

KARNAK RDK 960 First pylon, entrance, north side : GUILHOU

31

Lagasquie

Date: (1829)? Location: Column (11) Recording: RDK 563 Biographical details: See Guilhou Bibliography: Harlé, Lefebvre, p. 307. No other graffiti found Remarks:

It would appear that the physician Etienne Pariset, his friends and colleagues RDK 563 Lagasquie, RDK 559 Guilhou, RDK 563 D’Arcet and RDK 1240 Dumont, visited Upper Egypt together. It cannot be coincidence that the five doctors each left their graffito on a column at the kiosk. From the dated graffiti that D’Arcet and Guilhou left at Gebel el-Silsila we can assume that the date was 1829, also Dumont also left his graffito at the same place but with no date. Furthermore the D’Arcet 1828 graffito at Dendara, can support the speculation that they made their visit to the ancient monuments in the winter of 1828-29.

Ls Nolfi

Date: 1829 Location: Entrance, right (13) Recording: RDK 1337 No biographical and bibliographical information known Other graffito EDFU RDK 354 Pylon, roof : NOLFI 1829?

32

R. Langton

Date: 1830 Location: Entrance from quay, left (9) Recording: RDK 1299 No biographical and bibliographical information known Other graffiti ABU SIMBEL Great temple RDK 388 On the throne of the colossus left from the entrance: R. LANGTON A. H. ROWLANDSON DEC.R 10. 1830

Christophe (1965), Très soigneusement gravés sur la face sud du trône sur lequel est assis le colosse de l’extrême sud (avec A. H. Rowlandson), p.97, 229 note (67).

. RDK 1297 Sanctuary : D. R. LANGTON Christophe (1965), On retrouve R. Langton seul sur la face de l’autel du sanctuaire, p 97, 229 note (67). Christophe (1965), R. Langton 1830 sur la perruque, côte nord, du colosse de l’extrême sud de la façade, p. 97, 229, note (67).

THEBES KARNAK

RDK 1298 Festival temple of Tuthmosis III, pillared hall, pillar 7, (PM I, p. XIII [2]: R D LANGTON DECR 27 1830 Remarks: R. Langton and A. H. Rowlandson both inscribed their names on the throne of the Colossus at Abu Simbel it seems that they travelled together through that part of Nubia. However, no other graffiti of Rowlandson was found.

Roumieu

Date: 1830 Location: Entrance, right (13) Recording: RDK 1375

33

No biographical and bibliographical information known No other graffiti found Rimondi

Date (1831) Location: Inside, wall (5) Recording: RDK 1363 Biographical details:

None Bibliography: Giacomo Lumbroso, Descrittori Italiani dell’Egitto e di Alessandria, Memoria del socio Giacomo Lumbroso, Roma 1879, p. 106. Other graffiti AMADA Dewachter (1971a), p. 154, pl. XXV No 44: //imondi 1831 DENDUR Berlin photo no 1888 Dewachter (1971a), p. 154, note (7) KALABSHA

Gauthier (1914), Planches, pl. XXVIIIA, A Procella. Partie sud, paroi ouest 1er registre : Rimondi Dewachter (1971a), p. 154, note (8)

Alexander

ALEXANDER THE VERY FAMOUS REIGNED OVER RUSS(IA), FOR 25 YEAR(S) WITH GLORY AND PROSPERITY 1832 (14)

Date: 1832 Location: Outside wall, near entrance, right side (7) Recording: RDK 715

34

Remarks: Although we do not know the writer who made the imposing graffito in 1832, we are sure that he was a great admirer of Alexander I, emperor of Russia. (1801-1825), who was born in St. Petersburg on 23 December 1777 and died of pneumonia in Taganrog on 11th November 1825 following a tour of inspection in the Crimea (15). No other graffiti found. Godfrey Levinge

Date: 1833 Location: Inside, wall (12) Recording: RDK 661 Biographical details:

Warren Dawson, MSS 56326 625c Notebook 164, White Nile Association 1838, Levinge Godfrey, grandson of Sir Richard Levinge, 4th Bart, was a Lurgo and Cuilean, Westmea, J.P. and was unmarried when he died. He visited Egypt 1833 and his name is carved on the temple of Abu Simbel Bibliography: Selwyn Tilett, Egypt Itself, The Career of Robert Hay, Esquire of Linplum and Nunraw, 1799-1863, London 1984, p. 14. Remarks : The writer Godfrey Levinge, The Traveller in the East, Being a guide through Greece and the Levant,

Syria and Palestine, Egypt and Nubia, 2 vol., London 1839.

The book is dedicated to the Honourable Elizabeth Anne Lady Levinge, and maybe by the same person as our G. Levinge?

Other graffiti ABU SIMBEL Great temple RDK 477 Entrance to great hall, left side (PMVII, plan p. 96, (32): GODFREY LEVINGE 1833

Warren Dawson, MSS 56319-625c Notebook 83: Names carved on the temple of Abu Simbel, list supplied by Richard Hill: Godfrey Levinge 1833 Christophe, p. 103, 104 note p. 232 (101)

35

EDFU Christophe, p. 103, note p. 232 (100) EL-DERR Christophe, p. 103, note p. 232 (101) THEBES MEDINET HABU RDK 232,234,217 Small temple, XVIII dyn. Side room, wall Godfrey Levinge

1833 Carmelo Bonelio

Date: 1835 Location: Inside, wall (11) Recording: RDK 1191 No Biographical and bibliographical information Other graffiti ABU SIMBEL Small temple RDK 1405 Façade, near entrance, right side: CARMELO BON THEBES RDK 251 The Ramesseum, second pylon, inner face: BONELIO 1835 VALLEY OF THE KINGS

Erik Hornung, Zwei ramessidische köningsgräber: Rameses IV und Ramses VII, Mainz am Rhein 1990, X zu den graffiti

MXJ

Date: 1835 Location: Inside, wall (11) Recording: RDK 1404

36

No biographical and bibliographical information known No other graffiti found Arthur Todd Holroyd

Date: 1836 Location: Entrance from quay, right (6) Record: RDK 722 Biographical, bibliographical and other graffiti. See: Roger O. De Keersmaecker, The Temples of Semna and Kumma Koch

Date: 1836 Location: Column (4) Record: RDK 558 Biographical details: Prince Pückler Muskau, Aus Mehemed Ali’s Reich, 3 vol., Stuttgart 1844, vol., I, p. 352 (passim). Bibliography : Duc De Raguse (Le Maréchal), Voyage de M. Le Maréchal Duc De Raguse en Hongrie, en Transyvanie, dans la Russie méridionale, en Crimée et sur les bords de la mer d’Azoff ; Constantinople et sur quelques parties de l’Asie Minzure ; en Syrie, en Palestine et en Égypte, 5 vol., Bruxelles 1841, vol., IV, p1, Docteur Koch, Médecin en chef de l’escadre officier de santé Bavorois ; Auguste Ehrhard, Le Prince De Puckler Muskau, 2 vol., Paris 1927, vol., II, p. 106 passim ; Leonzio Bano, Mezzo secolo di storia Sudanese 1842-1898, Dall’Archivio Parrocchiale di Khartum, Bologna 1976, p. 114; Other graffiti : MUSAWWARAT ES SUFRA RDK 199, 200 : Dr Koch 1837 A LA SUITE DE S. A. LE PRINCE P. M.

Inge Hofmann, Berbert Tomandl, Unbekanntes Meroe, Beiträge zu Sudanforschung, Beiheft 1. Wien-Mödling 1986, p. 10, pl. 2.

NAQA- LION TEMPLE Michael Zach, Ein beitrag zur erforschungsgeschichte von Musawwarat es Sufra und Naqa, Beiträge zur sudanforschung 1, Wien-Mödling 1986, p. 157-160

37

Smith

Date: 1836 Location: Inside, wall 11 Record: RDK 1372 No biographical and bibliographical information known No other graffiti found Gregson

Date: 1837 Location: Column (2) Record: RDK 560 No biographical and bibliographical information known No other graffiti found T. Parker

Date: 1839 Location: Inside, wall (11) Record: RDK 659 No biographical and bibliographical information known No other graffiti found

38

Alessandro Di (Macco)

Date : (1841) Location : Column (9) Record : RDK 1233 No biographical and bibliographical information known Other graffito PHILAE TEMPLE OF ISIS

Berlin photo no 312, Nördliche Aussenwand der Vorhalle des grossen Isis temples, Oberster Teil von Dach des Naos aus gesehen

Remarks: We were able to complete the name and the date of the voyage with the graffito found in the Temple of Isis on the Berlin photo. L. Burnens

Date : 1842 Location : Inside, wall (3) Record : RDK 660 No biographical and bibliographical information known No other graffiti found F. Leathley

Date: 1842 Location: Entrance, right (13) Record: RDK 914 No biographical and bibliographical information known Other graffiti: See Roger O. De Keersmaecker, Qertassi

39

Joseph Philibert Girault de Prangey

Date : 1844 Location : Entrance from quay, right (6A) Record: RDK 552

Biographical details:

DBF, vol., 16, p. 266 ; Joseph Philibert Girault de Prangey, Monuments arabes d’Egypte, de Syrie et d’Asie mineure, dessines et mesures de 1842 a 1845. Ouvrage faisant suite au monuments arabes de Cordoue, Seville et Granade,publies de 1836 a 1839, Paris 1846 ; Simony C, Une curieuse figure d’artiste, Girault de Prangey, Dijon 1937 ; Christophe Dutoit, Musée Gruérien, Bulle, Un Trésor surgit de l’oubli, 6 juillet 2002, Google 16/1/2004 ; Girault de Prangey, Joseph-Philibert, artnet.com : Resource Library 16.1.2004.

Bibliography :

Jolowicz, p. 131 ; Mary Anne Stevens, Ed., The Orientalists, London 1984, p. 243; Nissan N. Perez, Focus East, Early Photography in the Near East 1839-1885, New York 1988, p. 97, 100, 153, 167-168, photo no 175;

ADE De Latour

Date: 1850 Location: Entrance, right (14) Record: RDK 551 No biographical and bibliographical information known No other graffiti found Malezie

Date: 1850 Location: Entrance, right (13Bis) Record: RDK 1315 No biographical and bibliographical information known

40

No other graffiti found Bauerhorst

Date: 1851 Location: Inside, wall (11) Record: RDK 662 No biographical and bibliographical information known Other graffiti See Roger O. De Keersmaecker, Semna and Kumma, p. 31 Alfred Edmund Brehm

Date: 1851 Location: Inside, wall (11) Record: RDK 662 Biographical details:

Alfred Edmund Brehm was born at Renthendorf near Neustadt on the Orla, on the 2 February 1829 and died there on the 11 November 1884. During 1847-48 he travelled with Baron Johan Wilhelm von Müller (16) to central Africa. After the expedition Brehm stayed in Egypt; then on the 25 February 1850 he embarked on a long tour via Khartoum, which he reached on the 13th June and arrived at Sennar on the 17th December, then Roseires, the capital of the Fung Kingdom on the Blue Nile. From there he retraced his steps via Khartoum and finally reached the island of Philae on rhe 3rd October 1851 (17); Hill, p. 86; NDB, p. 569-570.

Other graffito ABU SIMBEL Great temple RDK 383 On the left thigh of the broken colossus, south of the entrance: Brehm

Christophe, Nom et date graves sur la cuisse gauche du colosse assis au sud de la porte, p. 138, 240, (note 41).

Remarks: As the two graffiti of Bauerhorst and Brehm are carved close to each other, it is possible that they travelled together. We know that Brehm passed Semna in September 1851 (18) and Bauerhorst left his graffito at Semna temple on 21st September that year. They also wrote their names in Abu Simbel on the same place.

41

M. J. Bayer

Date: (1851) Location: Inside, wall (3) Record: RDK 554 No biographical and bibliographical information known Remarks: From an graffito made by M. J. Bayer in Abu Simbel we learn that he was from Belgium and visited Egypt and Nubia in 1851. Other graffito ABU SIMBEL Christophe, p. 139 Graver dans un cadre, sur la poitrine du colosse de l’extrême sud, une véritable carte de visite: M. J. BAYER 1851 DE BRUXELLES Murray

Date:1852 Location: Inside, wall (11) Record: RDK 663 No biographical and bibliographical information known Other graffito THEBES MEDINET HABU RDK 139 Great temple, portico, column (PM 45) : Murr(a)y 1853 Robert Wood 1854 I. R. Ingledew Newcastle 1854

42

Date: 1854 Location: Inside, wall (11) Record: RDK 557 No biographical and bibliographical information known No other graffiti found of I. R. Ingledew Remarks: It is possible that the two above mentioned persons travelled together. Other graffito of Robert Wood GEBEL EL SILSILA RDK 348 Rock : ROBERT WOOD 1854 Luigi Zucchi

Date: 1854 Location: Inside, wall (3) Record: RDK 664 Biographical details: None Bibliography: Lumbroso II, p. 52 No other graffiti found A. S. Gordon

Date: 1855 Location: Inside; wall (11) Record: RDK 714 No biographical and bibliographical information known No other graffiti found

43

G. Cutaiar

Date: 1856 Location: Inside, wall (11) Record: RDK 1221 No biographical and bibliographical information known No other graffiti found James Hammond Trumbull (20.12.1821-5.6.1897) Sarah A. Trumbull

Date: 1856 Location: Entrance from quay, right (6) Record; RDK 722 Biography:

DAB volume, VIII, p. 228-229 Bibliography:

William Cowper Prime, Boat Life in Egypt and Nubia, New York 1866 p. 299. ROCK OF ABU SIR

Ibid., p. 299 p. 299 (Abou Seir), The second cataract – Christmas 1855.

Here we spread our carpets and our luncheon, the wind blowing over our heads. We read the names of travellers carved here and there on the stones. They were numerous, and we found among them many friends. We carved our own here. It was the only place in all my Nile travel that I had been willing to cut my name; but I enjoyed the pleasure of reading those of my friends so keenly, that I could not forego the hope that in some future day some one would come to this spot who find a momentary pleasure in looking at mine it is under the edge of an overhanging piece of the rock, and Miriam’s is by it. If they last but half as long as some that we found there, they will be read when we are dust, and when the stones that friends shall carve at our heats will long ago have crumbled in our stormy land. Eliot Warburton’s was cut near Belzoni’s. Before the former some one has cut, “alas! poor”, and no one

44

could read the name without a passing shadow of sadness at the memory of his fate. The romance of travel is well-nigh over. Remarks: The small group consisted of : Mr William Cowper Prime(19) and his wife Miriam (née Mary Trumbull). Mr. James Hammond Trumbull and his wife Sarah A. Trumbull (née Robinson), and Mr. Mrs Martin. A. Pollak

Date: 1860 Location: Inside, wall (10) Record: RDK 1368 No biographical and bibliographical information known No other graffiti found Guseppe Gabbrielli

Date: 1861 Location: Inside, wall (3) Record: RDK 554 No biographical and bibliographical information known Other graffito AMADA Dewachter (1971a), p. 135, pl. XXIV No 22 Remarks: The date on the Amada graffito is made on February 26, 1861.

45

Sandwith

Date: 1861 Location: Entrance from quay, right (6) Recording: RDK 1377 No biographical and bibliographical information known No other graffiti found A. Peretti

Date: 1863? Location: Inside, wall (11) Recording: RDK 1349 No biographical and bibliographical information known No other graffiti found Luigi Bonomi

Date: 1874 Location: Entrance from quay, left (9) Recording: RDK 1193 Biographical details:

Hill, p. 83, 398; Bano, p. 65. Bibliography: Almagia, p. 168, 169; F. R. Wingate, Mahdiism and the Sudan, London 1968, Reprint of the 1891 edition, p. 21, note no 1; Father Joseph Ohrwalder, Ten Years’ Captivity in the Mahdi’s Camp, London 1892, p. 1, passim; Lord Elton ed., General Gordon’s Khartoum Journal, London 1961, p. 39, 40; Byron Farwell, Prisoners of the Mahdi, London 1967, p. 188, passim; Bano, p. 64 passim; Charles Chenevix Trench, Charley Gordon, London 1978, p. 264; Zach, p. 184-185. Other graffito THEBES

46

LUXOR TEMPLE RDK 351 , Second antechamber, room VIII 129 a,(PM II, plan p. XXXII):

BONOMI L VERONA Remarks: Luigi Bonomi arrived in Khartoum together with eighteen fathers and sisters in 1875. Bonomi went to al-Ubayyid and Dilling and started a mission station (20). He worked together with Bishop Comboni and others in mapping some unknown parts (21) . On 15 September 1882, Bonomi and others were captured by the Mahdists at the Dilling mission. In June 1885 Bonomi escaped from al-Ubayyid to Dongola (22). T W R

Date: (1876) Location: Inside, wall (11) Recording: RDK 1403 No biographical and bibliographical information known Other graffito THEBES THE RAMESSEUM RDK 687, hypostyle hall, column: TWR 1876 T. Wallace

Date: (18)? 76 Location: Entrance, left (2) Recording: RDK 1397 No biographical and bibliographical information known No other graffiti found Remarks: Possible date (18)76 A. Hamdy Bey

47

Date: 1867-69 Location: Entrance, left (2) Recording: RDK 1271 No biographical and bibliographical information known No other graffiti found E. S. Gordeo P. S. Gordeo

Date: (1878)? Location: Column (8) Recording: RDK 1266 No biographical and bibliographical information known Other graffito of P. S. Gordeo DENDUR

F. Ibrahim, Ch. Leblanc, Le temple de Dandour, III, Le Caire 1975, Centre d’études et de documentation sur l’ancienne Egypte, Collection scientifique :

CEDAE, pl. XIV P S GORDEO 1872? CEDAE, pl. XXVIII P S GORDEO George

Date: 1883 Location: Inside, wall (11) Recording: RDK 553 No biographical and bibliographical information known No other graffiti found

48

Habib Kaytt

Date: 1883 Location: Inside, wall (11) Recording: RDK 658 No biographical and bibliographical information known No other graffiti found . H. M. S. Monarch T. Middleton

Date: 1884 Location: Inside, wall (4) Recording: 1329 Biographical details: Leading Seaman T. Middleton served in H. M. S. “MONARCH” (23), at Alexandria in July 1882, and received the Egypt Medal, dated with clasp “Alexandria 11 July, as well as the Khedive’s Bronze Star 1882. He later served in the Nile Flotilla during the Gordon Relief Expedition and therefore received an additional clasp “The Nile 1884-85” (24). E. Mosses

Date: 1884 Location: Inside, wall (11) Recording: RDK 1332 No biographical and bibliographical information known No other graffiti found

49

REGT

Date: 1885 Location: Inside, wall (11) Recording: RDK 553

No biographical and bibliographical known Other graffito ABU SIMBEL RDK 1402 Small temple, façade, left from entrance: I. I9 REGT 18//

50

Undated graffiti W. C. Auler

Location: Inside, wall (4) Recording: RDK 1412 No biographical and bibliographical information known. No other graffito found F. Ballig

Location: Entrance from quay, left (9) Recording: RDK 1179 No biographical and bibliographical information known. No other graffiti found. F. Bonavilla

Location: Inside, wall (11) Recording: RDK 1190 No biographical and bibliographical information known Other graffito THEBES RDK 63 Luxor temple, fourth antechamber, room XVII, column: F. BONAVILLA Conte Cialbazzi

Location: Entrance from quay, right (6) Recording: RDK 561 No biographical and bibliographical information known No other graffiti found

51

P. Z. Corde

Location: Column (10) Recording: RDK 1265 No biographical and bibliographical information known No other graffiti found Conte de Klumez

Location: Entrance from quay, left (9) Recording: RDK 1227 Conte di Klumez

Location: Entrance from quay, right (6) Recording: RDK 561 No biographical and bibliographical information known Remarks: A. Doherty

Location; Entrance, left (1) Recording: RDK 556 No biographical and bibliographical information known Other graffito GIZA The Great Pyramid Goyon, p. 39 S.143, pl. LXX : A. DOHERTY J. Downes

Location: Entrance from quay, left (9) Recording: RDK 1236 No biographical and bibliographical information known No other graffiti found

52

L. Draper

Location: Entrance from quay, left (9) Recording: RDK 1237 No biographical and bibliographical information known No other graffiti found Gianoli R

Location: Inside, wall (11) Recording: RDK 1263 No biographical and bibliographical information known No other graffiti found H. Giothie

Location: Inside, wall (10) Recording: RDK 1417 No biographical and bibliographical information known No other graffiti found F. M. Hesseme

Location: Inside, wall (11) Recording: RDK 1280 No biographical and bibliographical information known No other graffiti found

53

Italo. Federici

Location: Inside, wall (4) Recording: RDK 721 No biographical and bibliographical information known No other graffiti found Georges Marcus

Location: Inside, wall (11) Recording: RDK 1321 No biographical and bibliographical information known No other graffiti found E. Peake

Location: Inside, wall (5a) Recording: RDK 1347 No biographical and bibliographical information known No other graffiti found Emile Pog

Location: Inside, wall (11) Recording: RDK 1363 No biographical and bibliographical information known No other graffiti found Claudius Po

54

Location: Inside, wall (11) Recording: RDK 1356 No biographical and bibliographical information known No other graffiti found E. Roulon

Location: Inside, wall (4) Recording: (4) No biographical and bibliographical information known No other graffiti found Hadgi Soliman

Location: Inside, wall (11) Recording: RDK 1169 Biographical, bibliographical and other graffiti information see: De Keersmaecker, Semna and Kumma, p. 41 G. Sumner

Location: Entrance from quay, left (9) Recording: RDK 1381 No biographical and bibliographical information known No other graffiti found Andrew Watson

Location: Inside, wall (10) Recording: RDK 1398 Biographical details:

An American missionary to Egypt, he was born Oliverburn, Perthshire, Scotland, 15th February 1834. He was the son of Andrew and Catherine (Roger) Watson. At the age of fourteen his father died and his mother emigrated to the United States. Following his educations, he married on 10 July 1861 to Margaret MacVickar, of Sussex, Wisconsin. Shortly after the marriage they moved to Egypt and he died in Cairo on the 9th December 1916.

55

Bibliography: DAB, volume X, p.539-540 Remarks :

The graffito of A. Watson, could be the one of the above mentioned Andrew Watson Wegner

Location: Entrance from quay, right (6) Recording: RDK 1399 No biographical and bibliographical information known No other graffiti found J. H. Welles

Location: Entrance from quay, right (6) Recording: RDK 1400 No biographical and bibliographical information known No other graffiti found Fann

Location: Column (8) Recording: RDK 1414 No biographical and bibliographical information known No other graffiti found H D Gaf

Location: Wall, inside (10) Recording: RDK 1410

56

No biographical and bibliographical information known No other graffiti found G. W. R.

Location: Wall, inside (11) Recording: RDK 714 No biographical and bibliographical information known No other graffiti found H W F

Location: Entrance from quay, left (9) Recording: RDK 1411 No biographical and bibliographical information known No other graffiti found J.P E.M

Location: Entrance from quay, right (6) Recording: RDK 722 No biographical and bibliographical information known No other graffiti found JR

Location: Inside, wall (11) Recording: RDK 553 No biographical and bibliographical information known

57

Joine

Location: Wall near entrance, right (14) Recording: RDK 1413 No biographical and bibliographical information known No other graffito found

58

The Greek graffiti Anastasios Nzikirthis

Date: 1868 Location: Entrance from quay, left (9) Recording: RDK 1415 No biographical and bibliographical information known. No other graffiti found ANASTAS [IOS] = ANATA[IO] (first name = Anastasios) NTHKHPH = NTZHKPH [] = NTZHKHPH (last name, the accent on the last syllable = Nzikirthis) VITHPOTHS = HHPOTHS = HEIPTH (from Eipiros, a mountainous area in northern Greece = Hipirotis. The word is misspelled. Haralampia

Location: Inside, wall (11) Recording: RDK 1416 No biographical and bibliographical information known. No other graffiti found. XAPAAMITIA = XAPAAMIA (Greek female first name, Haralampia, with the accent on the one but last syllable, deriving from the male name Haralambos, or Charalambos) (25).

59

The Arabic Graffiti

Date: 1891 Location: Entrance from quay, right (6) Recording: RDK 722

R. 107.276

“ done by Abd-Allah Haseeb [or Hasheeb] Gad [or Magd] Saber Mohtady Sheen[or Heen] “

5. 3. 1891

Remarks: The numbers above the names remain unsolved (26).

Unclassifiable

Location: Inside, wall (11) underneath the John Fuller and N. Pearse inscription RDK 368 Recording: RDK 714

60

Appendix

Comte de Chambord, (Henri Charles Ferdinand Marie Dieudonné d’Artois, Duc de Bordeaux, Comte de Chambord), Journal de voyage en Orient 1861, (Présenté et annoté par Arnaud Chaffanjon), Paris 1984. In the above travel account, is mentioned on page 290 : Dans la partie orientale de l’île de Philae nous voyons un arc de triomphe du temps de Dioclétien et une petite construction très élégante du temps de Tibère, appelée le Kiosque une espèce de terrasse. Sur une des colonnes près du chapiteau nous lisons avec la date 1846 les noms de Xavier de Blacas et de Gaston de Nicolay, accolés à d’autres noms qui sont, je pense, de souvenirs. Xavier de Blacas, is presumable Etienne Armand Pierre Marie François Xavier Comte de Blacas d’Aulps, born Rome 24 November 1819 and died in Paris 5 February 1876, and an relative of the Blacas d’Aulps mentioned in Bierbrier, p. 48. No biographical information of his companion Gaston de Nicolay. We missed those two names, but we found it interesting to mention these two travellers.

61

Notes

(1) Louis A. Christophe, La survie de Philae, in Courrier de l’Unesco,

Paris, Décembre 1968, p. 48-55. (2) Richardson, I, p. 365. (3) Ibid. p. 1. (4) Ibid. p. 452. (5) Ibid. p. 454. (6) Ibid. p. 495. (7) Richardson, II, p. 87. (8) I express my gratitude to John Armar 8th Earl of Belmore and Dr

Peter Marson for the photocopy’s of the crew list of the Osprey and of the passport issued in Sicily.

(9) Hill, p. 213; Bierbrier, p. 253-254. (10) Harlé, Lefebvre, 300. (11) Ibid. p. 301. (12) Ibid. p. 307. (13) Ibid. p. 312. (14) I would like to thank Professor Dr. C. Sturtewagen for the

translation of the Latin text. (15) Encyclopaedia Britannica CD-ROM, 1999 edition. (16) Hill, p. 281; NDB, p. 429-430. (17) I would like to thank Dr. J. Hallof for the biographical data, also for

the print from Brehm’s, Reiseskizen aus Nord-Ost-Afrika oder den unter egyptischer Herrschaft stehenden Ländern Egypten, Nubien, Sennahr, Rosseeres und Kordofan gesammelt auf seinen in den Jahren 1847 bis 1852 unternommenen Reisen von Dr. Alfred Edmund Brehm, Drei Teile, Jena 1862.

(18) Ibid. p. 304. (19) DAB, vol., X, p. 9-10. (20) Elias Toniolo, Richard Hill, ed., The Opening of the Nile Basin,

London 1974, p. 21 (21) Ibid. p. 25. (22) Ibid. p. 27. (23) Admiral G. A. Ballard, The Black Battlefleet, p. 88-97. (24) I would like to thank Dr. D. M. Dixon for the biographical

information of T. Middleton. (25) I would like to thank Dr. R. C. Severis for the translation of the two

Greek graffiti (26) I would like to thank Dr. Sahar Sobhi Abdel-Hakim for the

translation of the Arabic graffiti.

62

Index

Alexander 33 Auler,W.C. 50 Ballig,F. 50 Bauerhorst 40 Bayer,M.J. 41 Bonavilla,F. 50 Bonelio Carmelo 35 Bonomi,L 45 Brehm,A.E. 40 Burnens,L. 38 Chabuy,P. 17 Cialbazzi,Conte 50 Corde,P.Z. 51 Crenier Joseph 26 Cutaiar,G. 43 Dane Sarah 17 D’Arcet 29 De Klumez,,Conte 51 De Latour 39 De Prangey,Girault 39 Di Klumez,Conte 51 Di Macco,Alessandro 38 Dinino,Andrea 24 Doherty,A. 51 Downes,J. 51 Draper,L. 52 Dumont 29 D’Uxkull,Baron 26 Fann 55 Fernig 28 Fredian(Amiro) 17 Fuller, John 23 Gabrielli,Gusseppe 44 Gaf,H.D. 55 Geirler,Joseph 26 George 47 Gianoli,R. 52 Giothie,H 52 Gordeo,E.S. 47 Gordeo,P.S 47 Gordon,A.S. 42 Gregson 37

63

Guihou 30 Hamdy,A.Bey 46 Haralampia 58 Hesseme,F.M. 52 Holroyd, Arthur Todd 36 Holt,Robert Fowler 22 Horton,M. 26 Hugues,F. 25 Italo,Federici 53 Ingledew,I.R. 41 Joine 57 Kaytt,Habib 48 Koch,Dr. 36 Lagasquie 31 Langton,R. 32 Leathley,F. 38 Levinge,Godfrey 34 Lowry-Corry, Armar 18 Madden 27 Malezie 39 Marcus,Georges 53 Monarch,H.M.S. 48 Middleton,T. 48 Mosses,E. 48 Murray 41 Nolfi,LS 31 Nzikirthis 58 Pariset,E. 28 Parker,T. 37 Pasquati,Dr. 27 Peake,E. 53 Pearce Nathaniel 23 Peretti,A. 45 Piozin,A. 24 Pog Emile 53 Pollak,A. 44 Po Claudius 53 Rimondi 33 Roulon,E. 54 Roumieu 32

64

Sandwith 45 Sewell,F. 28 Smith 37 Soliman, Hajji 54 Sumner,G. 54 Trumbull,J.H. 43 Trumbull,S.A. 43 Wallace,T. 46 Watson,A. 54 Wegner 55 Welles.J.H. 55 Wood Robert 41 Zucchi,L. 42 Zuccoli. 25 G W R 56 H W F 56 J R 56 J P 56 E M 56 M X J 35 T W R 46 1. 19. RegT 49 The Arabic Graffiti 59 Unclassifiable 59 Appendix 60 Notes 61 Index 62

Joseph Bonomi, 1796-1878 The kiosk of Trajan

Watercolour Courtesy of the Griffith Institute, Oxford

6

George Alexander Hoskins, 1802-1863, The kiosk of Trajan

Pencil drawing Courtesy of the Griffith Institute, Oxford

6

Vue des monuments de l’Ile et des montagnes de granit qui l’environnent. (Part of pl. 4, Vol., I.)

DESCRIPTION

6

Vue perspective de l’édifice de l’est. (Pl. 28, vol, . I). DESCRIPTION

6

Vue générale prise du coté du nord est. (Part of pl. 3, Vol., I)

DESCRIPTION

7

Vue de l’édifice de l’est et de plusieurs monumens. (Part of pl. 25, Vol. I)

DESCRIPTION

7

Vue générale prise du côté du nord-ouest. (Part of pl. 2, Vol. I)

DESCRIPTION

7

The kiosk of Trajan from the north-east Origin unknown

7

Picture from Brehm’s travel account

Antoine (Antonio) Beato, Italian, c. 1825-1903. The kiosk of Trajan from the south, before 1872,

In an album dated 1871-2 Courtesy of the Griffith Institute, Oxford.

Antoine (Antonio) Beato, Italian, c. 1825-1903. The kiosk of Trajan from the south-east, before 1872,

In an album dated 1971-2. Courtesy of the Griffith Institute, Oxford.

Antoine (Antonio) Beato, Italian, c. 1825-1903 The kiosk of Trajan from the south-east, before 1872,

In an album dated 1871-2 Courtesy of the Griffith Institute, Oxford

Antoine (Antonio) Beato, Italian, c. 1825-1903 The kiosk of Trajan from the west, circa 1890, estimated date

Courtesy of the Griffith Institute, Oxford

Antoine (Antonio) Beato, Italian, c. 1825-1903 The Kiosk of Trajan from the north-east, circa 1890, estimated date


Antoine (Antonio) Beato, Italian, c. 1825-1903 The kiosk of Trajan from the south-east, circa 1890, estimated date


J. Pascal Sebach, Turkish, ? –1890 The kiosk of Trajan from the south-east, before 1874,

In an album dated 1873-4 Courtesy of the Griffith Institute, Oxford

J. Pascal Sebach, Turkish, ? – 1890 The Kiosk of Trajan from the south-east, circa 1890, estimated date


Henri Béchard, French, dates unknown. Active 1869-late 1880s The kiosk of Trajan from the north-west, before 1878,

Reproduced in 1878 Courtesy of the Griffith Institute, Oxford

Peridis, Greek, dates unknown. Active late 1870s. The kiosk of Trajan from the south-east,

partly submerged in the waters of the first Aswan dam, circa 1905, estimated date


G. Zangaki, Greek, dates unknown. Active 1870s on. The kiosk of Trajan from the south-east,

With the first pylon of the temple of Isis in the background, circa 1890, estimated date


G. Zangaki, Greek, dates unknown. Active 1870s on. The kiosk of Trajan from the north-east,

With a boat on the Nile in the foreground, circa 1890 estimated date


G. Zangaki, Greek, dates unknown, Active 1870s on. The kiosk of Trajan from the south-east,

With the second pylon of the temple of Isis in the background, circa 1890, estimated date


Edit. Schroeder & Cie The kiosk of Trajan from the south-east, circa 1890, estimated date


Photographer not known The kiosk of Trajan from the south, circa 1875, estimated date


Photographer not known The kiosk of Trajan from the north-east, circa 1890, estimated date


Francis Frith, (almost certainly) The kiosk of Trajan from the south-east,

circa 1856-60, the dates of Frith’s visits to Egypt Courtesy of the Griffith Institute, Oxford

Philae – The Kiosk of Trajan from

Amelia B. Edwards, A Thousand Miles up the Nile engraved on wood by G. Pearson, after drawings by the author

London 1889 p. 206

Additional information

Travellers’ Graffiti from Egypt and the Sudan Volume III

Philae - The Kiosk of Trajan, p. 41-42

Robert Wood 1854 I. R. Ingledew Newcastle 1854

Date: 1854 Location: Inside, wall (11) Record: RDK 557 No biographical and bibliographical information known No other graffiti found of I. R. Ingledew Remarks: It is possible that the two above mentioned persons travelled together. Other graffito of Robert Wood GEBEL EL SILSILA RDK 348 Rock : ROBERT WOOD 1854 John Pybus Ingledew, was born 31 October 1832, died 31 December 1915, Newcastle upon Tyne. He visited Egypt between December 1853/May 1854. He visited, accompanied with Robert Wood (the son of his former landlord) the island of Philae on Thursday 19 January 1854 and returned to visit Philae on Sunday 22 January. The Egypt diary of John Pybus Ingledew consist of 54 pages on: http://www.ingledew.family.name/egypt.htm With courtesy of Michael Schwarz, Nogales Arizona USA


Travellers’ Graffiti from Egypt and the Sudan Volume III

Philae – The Kiosk of Trajan p. 48

E. Mosses

Date: 1884 Location: Inside, wall (11) Recording: RDK 1332 No biographical and bibliographical information known No other graffiti found Edwin Mosses, born in the parish of St Anne’s, Liverpool in 1862.(the exact date, not on his papers). His father was George, his mother Mary, and his sister Elizabeth. He enlisted in the 56th regiment (2nd Battalion of the Essex), at Bow Street, Police Station, London on 4 January 1882. He then enlisted officially at Aldershot on 7 January 1882, and his age is given as 20 years 11 months. He was 5 feet 3 inches tall, had blue eyes and fair hair. He was a mason by trade. He attained a 4th Class Education certificate on 21 March 1882, and he could obviously write. He signed on for a limited engagement, and was discharged nat the end of it on 5 January 1890. His rank was private soldier, although a couple of times he got a lance-corporal’s stripe, then, as they say, he got “busted”, but it doesn’t say what he did, and reverted back to private. He was stationed at: Gibraltar 13 July 1882 Egypt-Cairo 2 March 1884

He must have inscribed his graffiti on the way to Aswan, as it seems to have the date on the wall àf 1884.5.6, which I presume is 5 June 1884.

Aswan 11 August 1884 Wadi Halfa In hospital with enteric fever (typhoid) 7 December

1884 to 17 February 1995 Cairo 24 February 1885 Korosko 25 December 1885 Aswan 24 January 1886 Malta Admitted hospital 3 March 1887 to 20 June 1997 with

fever. Transferred to Citta Vecchia (the port of Rome) for convalescence 20 July 1887, for 21 days.

Malta Hospital 13 July 1889, having fractured both forearms in a fall playing football. Discharged 14 September 1889, after 64 days in hospital. A court of enquiry was held and recorded that he had splints, regained good use of his arms with no deformity. His papers give no more information except that he took his discharge having finished his short service engagement (18 years) on 5 January 1890. My thanks for the above information goes to Peter A. Clayton, United Kingdom.


Travellers’ Graffiti from Egypt and the Sudan

Volume III Philae

The Kiosk of Trajan

Page 41 Murray

Date:1852 Location: Inside, wall (11) Record: RDK 663 No biographical and bibliographical information known Other graffito THEBES MEDINET HABU RDK 139 Great temple, portico, column (PM 45) : Murr(a)y 1853 Could be Charles Augustus Murray (1806-1895) British author and diplomat British Consul-General from 1846 to 1853, which might explain two dates, 1852 and 1853. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Augustus_Murray My thanks for the suggestion to Andrew Oliver Washington DS . USA.

BULLETIN OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR THE STUDY OF TRAVEL IN EGYPT AND THE NEAR EAST (ASTENE)

Summer 2004, Number 20

Graffiti from Egypt and the Sudan: the Kiosk of Trajan by Roger O. De Keersmaecker, Graffito-Graffiti, III Mortsel (Antwerp) Belgium, 64 pp. illus. soft bound, 2004. Available from the author: €15.00 excl. p&p.

Yesterday's act of vandalism can be today's valuable research resource. Egypt has a long record of graffiti beginning with rock drawings engraved on rock surfaces in preliterate, predynastic times. Ancient Egyptian graffiti have long been recognised as an important field of study which attracted such giants of Egyptology as Wilhelm Spiegelberg and Jaroslav Cerny, but the study of modern graffiti is relatively young. The classic work is G. Goyon's Les inscriptions et graffiti des voyageurs sur la Grande Pyramide (Cairo: Societe Royale de Geographie, 1944), and more recently the topic has been studied by Michel Dewachter and Jochen Hallof. Roger de Keersmaecker's series is a worthy successor.

Archaeologists recognised long ago that the history of an archaeological feature does not end with the departure of the original inhabitants. But Egyptologists have been very slow to accept this and some of the major Egyptian monuments have been deprived of their post-pharaonic history by wanton destruction of later (Coptic, Islamic and modern) remains. Yet these have their role to play in the evaluation of the monument. Travellers' graffiti, for example, can indicate how much of a structure was sanded up and how much of it was accessible. The names inscribed near the capital columns of some Upper Egyptian temples are not necessarily evidence of their writers' physical prowess.

'Vandalism' is a judgemental term and graffiti writing must be seen in the contemporary context. The most recent graffiti writers who have acquired an aura of historicity are those of the 19th century. Among the 97 inscriptions recorded by De Keersmaecker the earliest is that of an otherwise unknown P. Chabuy, probably a soldier in Napoleon's expeditionary force, of 1799. Almost all of them were made by Western travellers and about two thirds are dated. This suggests that the graffito was primarily intended as a record of an achievement, a statement for posterity that a famous monument was visited. Among the names is Captain A.L. Corry RN, who visited Philae in January 1818. The name of this intrepid seaman is known from other

monuments. Ego probably played some part in graffiti writing, perhaps never more so than in the cases of 'Smith 1836' and 'George 1883'. De Keersmaecker lists only one graffito in Arabic, and that without a facsimile copy.

De Keersmaecker numbers the graffiti, indicates their position on a plan, presents them in facsimiles, discusses their writers, lists other examples of the same travellers and gives their bibliography. Only two are shown in photographs. Over thirty general views of Trajan's Kiosk, mostly dating from the 19thcentury,are included.

This is an unassuming but pleasing and well researched publication. The history of travel derives valuable information from graffiti written by travellers and tourists, and there is something attractive and satisfactory about finding a small inscription in the hand of a person whom one is researching. For this, we may forgive them their temporary lapse of standards in the treatment of monuments, behaviour which we would strongly deprecate nowadays. Roger De Keersmaecker is to be congratulated on a very useful contribution to the study of travellers to Egypt. We shall eagerly await the next volume.

Jaromir Malek

ANCIENT EGYPT

Volume 5 Number 5, Issue 29 April/May 2005, p. 58

This is the third volume published by the author (Vol I was on the Kiosk of Qertassi and Vol II The Temples of Semna and Kumma).

The author has clearly spent considerable time recording the hundreds of graffiti on the huge Kiosk of Trajan, inscribed by travelers who visited Philae from a period between 1799 to the end of the nineteenth century.

Each graffito was recorded on cards and photographed before being located on a ground plan of the building.

Once this work was completed, the author then carried out research on the travellers, to enable biographical information to be included in the volume and he has also referred to contemporary graffiti at other sites, so that, for example, when a graffito by the same hand was not dated at one site, it could be linked to other, dated examples.

The results of this work make fascinating reading. The first person to carve his name

on the Kiosk was a soldier of Napoleon’s army. He inscribed "P. CHABUY 1799". We know of no other graffiti by this man, nor do we know anything about him.

By contrast "CAP. A. L. CORRY RN JANUARY 1818" is better known. He was the captain of the Osprey (a brig of 232 tons, with fourteen guns, manned by thirty- two seamen) who took Lord Belmore and his entourage to the Middle East. This journey took the party as far south in Egypt as the Second Cataract and also to Jerusalem, Damascus and Balbec.

Captain Corry also left his name twice in the large temple of Rameses II at Abu Simbel and once in the small temple, and at a place called Abusir, near the Second

Cataract. Clearly recording one’s name was considered important.

It is worthwhile posing the question of when graffiti ceases to become "interesting" and merely vandalism.

Reading the names in this book is both interesting and frustrating. Who, for example, was "George 1883" or "L. Zucchi 1854"? Perhaps these men thought they were carving their own piece of immortality by leaving their names, but there is a lesson here. This sort of immortality only really works if, a hundred years or so after their death, the carvers are remembered and recorded elsewhere, so we already know who they were and what their achievements in life were.

All three volumes have been printed and published by the author. Most publishers would reject a volume like this, but it is important that these inscriptions are recorded and studied. These books enable us to work out who was visiting Egypt and when, and, where there are multiple inscriptions, which sites they visited.

Copies are available direct from the author. The Kiosk of Trajan is nicely illustrated with archive images of the site and more recent photographs by the author (whose early visits to the site took place when it was still flooded and before it was moved to its new location).

The price is 15 Euros, plus postage costs, available from: [email protected]

RP

Philae The Kiosk of Trajan - Griffith Institute Archive

Documents

Transcript of Philae The Kiosk of Trajan - Griffith Institute Archive