Perception of Residents Towards Green Development Practices : Case Study Bukit Jelutong, Shah Alam
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PERCEPTION OF RESIDENTS TOWARDS GREEN DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES CASE STUDY : BUKIT JELUTONG, SHAH ALAM AQILAH BINTI ELIAS CENTRE OF TOWN AND REGIONAL PLANNING STUDIES FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING AND SURVEYING UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA SHAH ALAM JULY 2012
Transcript of Perception of Residents Towards Green Development Practices : Case Study Bukit Jelutong, Shah Alam
PERCEPTION OF RESIDENTS TOWARDS GREEN DEVELOPMENT
PRACTICES
CASE STUDY : BUKIT JELUTONG, SHAH ALAM
AQILAH BINTI ELIAS
CENTRE OF TOWN AND REGIONAL PLANNING STUDIES
FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING AND SURVEYING
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
SHAH ALAM
JULY 2012
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING AND SURVEYING
CENTRE OF TOWN AND REGIONAL PLANNING STUDIES
JULY 2012
Hereby Recommended Thesis Submitted
By
AQILAH BINTI ELIAS
Title
PERCEPTION OF RESIDENTS TOWARDS GREEN DEVELOPMENT
PRACTICES
CASE STUDY : BUKIT JELUTONG, SHAH ALAM
Thesis Submitted in Partial Requirement for the
Bachelor of Town and Regional Planning (Hons)
Supervisor : Dr. Puziah Binti Ahmad ………………......
Coordinator : Dr. Puziah Binti Ahmad …………………..
Head Centre of Studies : Assoc. Prof. Dr. Fatimah Binti Yusof …………………..
PERCEPTION OF RESIDENTS TOWARDS GREEN DEVELOPMENT
PRACTICES
CASE STUDY : BUKIT JELUTONG, SHAH ALAM
By
AQILAH BINTI ELIAS
Centre of Town and Regional Planning Studies
Faculty of Architecture, Planning and Surveying
Universiti Teknologi Mara
Shah Alam
July 2012
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Acknowledgement
In the name of Allah, the Gracious and the Merciful and Salawat and Salam to
Prophet Muhammad S.A.W., his family and companions r.a.
Alhamdulillah, by the will of Allah S.W.T. I am able to complete my thesis project
within the required time.
First of all, my sincere thanks and gratitude are extended to my dedicated and
understanding supervisor, Dr. Puziah Binti Ahmad, also as a coordinator thesis for
Bachelor of Town and Regional Planning (Hons), UiTM Shah Alam, who has guide,
taught, assist and support me throughout the duration in this semester. Her
encouragement, understanding, suggestion and criticism were very helpful and
essential in completing this project.
My thanks also dedicated to my family who has supported and encourage me
constantly with their love, pray and money.
In addition, my special thanks to all my respondents especially all the lecturers
involve from Center of Town and Regional Planning Studies and also from Faculty of
Architecture, Planning and Surveying who were very supportive and give me positive
feedback towards my research. Not forgotten, the residents of Bukit Jelutong, Shah
Alam who were very helpful in participating on the survey.
Last but not least, my sincere appreciation goes to everybody who involve directly or
indirectly for taking time and effort to participate in this research. My apology give to
who that I not mention.
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Abstract
Environment is an important element in our daily life since it impacts directly on the
well-being of the people. In addition to providing comfort to people, it is also to some
extent will affect the development activities in the country if we are not treated the
environment with care. Every day earth becomes more and more polluted. Many
solutions have been offered, but still less successful. Green development is the way to
tackle the environmental problems that have been implemented in many European
cities such as Chicago City and Toronto City. While in Malaysia, green development
is stills a new practice and the exposure of it is still less. Based on case studies
conducted in Bukit Jelutong, Shah Alam, the perception of residents towards green
development practices is determined. The findings shows their residents are accept
and know the green development practices but they have lack of awareness to give
commitment. They have shortage of information and knowledge because they need
more information parallel with activities provided by their concern parties in Bukit
Jelutong. Most of them are afford to expand their money but it must be in line with
their initiatives and participation. From interviewee’s perspective, they think that
residents of Bukit Jelutong have high awareness but they are less in giving
commitment and initiative because for them, everything can be implementing through
money. Strong and comprehensive recommendations need to be proposed through a
good relationship between residents, developer, residents association, local authority
and external parties. Every problem can be address when all of the parties have high
awareness on the importance of preserving the environment.
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CONTENT
PAGE NO.
Acknowledgement i
Abstract ii
Content iii
List of Table vii
List of Figure ix
List of Photo x
List of Abbreviations xi
CHAPTER 1.0 INTRODUCTION PAGE NO.
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Problem Statement 3
1.2.1 Acceptance of green development still
lacking. 3
1.2.2 High cost to implement green development. 3
1.2.3 Lack of awareness about the importance
of preserving the environment. 4
1.2.4 Lack of knowledge to apply green
development products, equipments and
systems. 5
1.3 Aim 5
1.4 Objectives 5
1.5 Scope of Study 6
1.6 Methodology 6
1.7 Study Approach 9
1.8 Significance of the Study 10
1.9 Summary 11
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CHAPTER 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW PAGE NO.
2.1 Introduction 12
2.2 Sustainable Development 13
2.2.1 The Concept of Sustainable Development 14
2.2.2 Components of Sustainable Development 16
2.2.3 Approaches to the Sustainable Planning 19
2.3 Green Development 24
2.3.1 Components of Green Development 26
2.3.2 Green City 27
2.3.3 Green Neighborhood 29
2.4 Significance of Green Development to the
Environment 34
2.5 Implementation of Green Development in
International Level 35
2.5.1 The Green Development in Chicago 35
2.6 Implementation of Green Development in
Malaysia Level 39
2.6.1 Development of National Green
Technology 39
2.6.2 National Innovation Strategy for Green
Growth 43
2.7 Summary 46
CHAPTER 3.0 CASE STUDY PAGE NO.
3.1 Introduction 47
3.2 Location of Study Area 47
3.3 Background of Study Area 52
3.3.1 Bukit Jelutong Residents Association
(BJRA) 54
3.3.2 Majlis Perwakilan Penduduk (MPP) 19 54
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3.4 Green Development Practices in Bukit Jelutong 57
3.4.1 Community Recycling Program 57
3.4.2 School Recycling Program 60
3.4.3 Billboard 60
3.4.4 Gotong-Royong 61
3.4.5 Community Carnival 62
3.4.6 Community Orchard 62
3.4.7 Landscaping the Roundabout 62
3.4.8 Rain Water Harvesting 62
3.5 Summary 64
CHAPTER 4.0 ANALYSIS AND FINDING PAGE NO.
4.1 Introduction 65
4.2 Data Collection Method 66
4.2.1 Questionnaire 66
4.2.2 Interview 66
4.3 The Number of Sample 67
4.3.1 Residents of Bukit Jelutong 67
4.3.2 Developer, Bukit Jelutong Residents
Association (BJRA)’S Member and
Head of the Street in Bukit Jelutong 68
4.4 Questionnaire Analysis 69
4.4.1 Part A (Personal Particulars) 69
4.4.2 Part B (Resident’s Experiences) 71
4.4.3 Part C (Information on Green
Development) 76
4.4.4 Part D (Opinion and Suggestion) 79
4.5 Interview Analysis 85
4.5.1 Part A (Position’s Background) 85
4.5.2 Part B (External Parties Involvement) 86
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4.5.3 Part C (Green Development Practices) 88
4.5.4 Part D (Opinion and Suggestion) 92
4.6 Findings 94
4.6.1 Residents’ Perception 94
4.6.2 Interviewees’ Perception 95
4.7 Summary 97
CHAPTER 5.0 RECOMMENDATION PAGE NO.
5.1 Introduction 98
5.2 Formation of Recommendation 98
5.3 Improvement the Residents’ Perception on
Green Development Practices towards a Better
Quality Of Life 99
5.3.1 Increase Awareness of Residents 99
5.3.2 Provide More Information 100
5.3.3 Provide More Activities or Programs 101
5.3.4 Provision of More Facilities 102
5.3.5 Provide More Incentives for Equipments’
Provision and Organizing Activities 103
5.3.6 Implementation of Policy 103
5.3.7 Guideline 106
5.4 Summary 107
5.5 Conclusion of the Study 108
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES
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LIST OF TABLE
Table 2.1 : Components of Sustainable Development 17
Table 2.2 : Five Conditions for Sustainable Housing 20
Table 2.3 : Urban Strategies for Ecosystem Services 28
Table 3.1 : The Summary Details of Bukit Jelutong 48
Table 3.2 : Street Names in Bukit Jelutong 52
Table 4.1 : Sample Size 67
Table 4.2 : Cross Tabulation Between Age and Gender 69
Table 4.3 : Cross Tabulation Between Race and Status 70
Table 4.4 : Cross Tabulation Between Occupation and Age 70
Table 4.5 : Green Development Practices Implemented in Bukit
Jelutong 71
Table 4.6 : Awareness About The Green Development Practices
in Bukit Jelutong 72
Table 4.7 : Cross Tabulation Between Green Development
Activities or Programs Involved in Bukit
Jelutong and Frequency 72
Table 4.8 : Common Obstacle Faced Doing Green Development
Practices 74
Table 4.9 : Find The Information 76
Table 4.10 : Information Needed 77
Table 4.11 : The level of Current Practice of Green Development
in Bukit Jelutong and Malaysia 79
Table 4.12 : The Level of Important of Green Development
Practice to Every Community 80
Table 4.13 : Significance in Practicing Green Development 80
Table 4.14 : Implementation of Green Development Practices 82
Table 4.15 : Recommended Improvements 82
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Table 4.16 : Cross Tabulation Between Position and Position
Period 85
Table 4.17 : External Parties Involved 86
Table 4.18 : Level of Involvement of External Parties 86
Table 4.19 : Cross Tabulation Between Parties Name and
Financial Resource Provided 87
Table 4.20 : Period of Green Development Have Been Practiced 88
Table 4.21 : Level of Acceptance By Residents 88
Table 4.22 : Residents Are Exposed About Green Development
Practices 89
Table 4.23 : Problems Faced 90
Table 4.24 : Financial Resource 90
Table 4.25 : Financial Provision For Each Activity or Program 91
Table 4.26 : Effective of The Activity or Program 92
Table 4.27 : Recommended Actions 92
Table 4.28 : Other Opinions 93
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LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 2.1 : Three Systems for Sustainability 17
Figure 3.1 : Key Plan 49
Figure 3.2 : Location Plan 50
Figure 3.3 : Site Plan 51
Figure 3.4 : Location of Street Names in Bukit Jelutong 53
Figure 3.5 : MBSA Residents’ Representative Council’s
Members 56
Figure 4.1 : Common Obstacle Faced 74
Figure 4.2 : Find The Information 76
Figure 4.3 : Information Needed 78
Figure 4.4 : Significance in Practicing Green Development 81
Figure 4.5 : Recommended Improvement 83
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LIST OF PHOTO
Photo 3.1 : The Proposed Recycling Center 58
Photo 3.2 : The CRC Yellow Box Located in Several Areas Of
Bukit Jelutong 59
Photo 3.3 : The ‘Ideas Tree’ With Ideas To Promote
Environmental Awareness 60
Photo 3.4 : The Proposed Billboard Which Contains
Environmental Messages 61
Photo 3.5 : Speeches From Representatives of MBSA Before The
Gotong-Royong Started 61
Photo 3.6 : The Participants Were Clearing The Area 61
Photo 3.7 : Before The Installation Of Rain Water Harvesting 63
Photo 3.8 : After The Completed Installation Of Rain Water
Harvesting 63
Photo 5.1 : School Education on Green Development Teaching 100
Photo 5.2 : Campaign on Promoting Green Development
Practices 100
Photo 5.3 : Example of the Green Activities and Information
Through Residents Association Official Website 101
Photo 5.4 : Example of Attractive Banner to Promote Green
Development Information 101
Photo 5.5 : Planting More Trees And Attractive Landscaping
Around Residential Areas. 102
Photo 5.6 : The Facilities Available At The Inert Waste Disposal
Recycling Center Site, Seksyen 17, Shah Alam. 105
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
BJRA : Bukit Jelutong Residents Association
EE&C : Energy Efficiency and Conservation
GBI : Green Building Index
LED : Light Emitting Diode
MBSA : Majlis Bandaraya Shah Alam
MPP : Majlis Perwakilan Penduduk
MTE : Moving the Economy
NGO : Non-Governmental Organization
PBT : Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan
RE : Renewable Energy
SMS : Short Message Service
SPSS : Statistical Package for the Social Sciences
TOD : Transit Oriented Development
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CHAPTER 1
1.1 Introduction
In our globalization era nowadays, variety of development is rising from time to time.
However, every development will have many impacts, whether positive or negative.
Lately, Malaysian government is highlighting the issue of green development. Various
‘green’ initiatives and improvement are taken by companies and organizations in their
professional practice.
According to the http//:www.wikipedia.com/green development, green development is a
concept of land use planning that emphasize with community-wide or impact of regional
environmental from development with green concepts. Green development consider with
environment as chance to create a better and quality of communities life which are more
comfortable, more efficient, more appealing, and ultimately more profitable in the longer
run.
Besides that, there is a word call green technology that refers to the application of
knowledge for practical purposes. Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water in
Development of National Green Technology in Ahmad Zairin Ismail (April, 2010)
defined green technology as;
“The development and application of products, equipment and systems used to conserve
the natural environment and resources, which minimizes and reduces the negative impact
of human activities.”
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Definition above shows that the green technology approach will improve the quality of
life for all. The application of green development or technology is consistent with
sustainable development which meets the needs of society in ways that can continue
indefinitely into the future without damaging or depleting natural resources.
In this case study, the focus group that will be identifying their acceptance of green
development is the residents of Bukit Jelutong, Shah Alam. Bukit Jelutong is a low-
density and self-contained planned community which developed by the most success
developer in Malaysia, Sime Darby Property. Bukit Jelutong was launched in 1995,
spread over 2,200 acres of prime freehold land and is a sanctuary in its own world and a
prestigious neighbourhood in the Klang Valley. Since Bukit Jelutong received awards as
the ‘Best Town Planning Scheme’ by the Malaysian Institute of Planners in 1997 and the
‘Best Neighbourhood Landscape in Selangor’ by the Selangor State Government in 2001,
this area is chosen coincide with the study of green development practices. The opinions
and suggestions of residents are important to be as a benchmark against accepting the
concept of green development on their side. Further background on the green
development practices in Bukit Jelutong will be described in Chapter 3.
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1.2 Problem Statement
Green development practices is still new in Malaysia. Still many Malaysians do not
realize the importance of green development as long-term alternative to the
environmental destruction. Practices by the residents especially in their own home are a
pioneer to practice at a larger scale. There are issues that hinder the practice of green
development by the residents which are:
1.2.1 Acceptance of green development still lacking.
Since the application of green development is still new in Malaysia, its acceptance is still
lack because there are many obstacles such as no obligation to take action. Besides,
green practices are not a norm for some of us today.
This is through the evident on the finding and analysis of the questionnaire survey by A.
Alias, T.K. Sin, W.N.W.A. Aziz, (2010) that has stated, out of 50 respondents, only 22
respondents know the green development’s presence in Malaysia. In Malaysia, green
development is still a new concept introduced by the government which the government
and the developers have just started to promote the green development concept in
Malaysia’s housing.
1.2.2 High cost to implement green development.
The provision to implement green development requires high cost to build. The users or
developers have to shell out a lot of money to build and operate the green technology
equipments. The green materials such as the lightweight bamboo frames, the plumbing
of the low-flow water system, the grey water recycling system and others are being
imported from overseas because Malaysia still lack of this type of green technology. As
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a result, the price of green home will increase since the extra costs to provide all the
equipments. Moreover, the finding and analysis of the questionnaire survey shows more
than half respondents do not want to purchase green home because of the price is more
expensive compare to conventional home which affect their purchasing power (A. Alias,
T.K. Sin, W.N.W.A. Aziz, 2010).
1.2.3 Lack of awareness about the importance of preserving the environment.
Our society still lack of awareness to preserve the environment because the effect of what
they do is not show direct impact through their eyes. In Toronto Green Development
Standard (2006), the increasing of public awareness in term of environmental
development features does not mean the public is aware to encourage green development
in large-scale. Besides, in journal by A. Alias, T.K. Sin, W.N.W.A. Aziz, (2010),
Malaysian are still lacking in awareness towards a sustainable development which means
to preserve our environment.
Christoper Choi (2009) in his journal has mentioned that, by applying green
development, the use of energy can be reduce, the air quality can be improve, can
preserve our natural systems, encourage recycling, minimize the use of raw materials and
also decrease greenhouse gas emissions.
However, in finding and analysis of the questionnaire survey by A. Alias, T.K. Sin,
W.N.W.A. Aziz, (2010) shows our Malaysians are not aware that green development can
give benefit by saving their money in the long run
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1.2.4 Lack of knowledge to apply green development products, equipments and
systems.
There is lack of information about green development especially for those who are in
rural area. They served by the slogan to use green development, but they have no
guidance and resources that can be expected to help.
The Malaysians still lack of knowledge about what actually is green development
because the exposure of it is still less in Malaysia. Even though they have heard about
green home or green development, but they still do not know the idea and adequate
understanding about green home or green development. Furthermore, our Malaysians still
do not have a clear understanding regarding the design, features and benefits of green
development. This leads them to think that green home’s price or green development is
expensive and avoid them from buying or implement it. (Based on the finding and
analysis of the questionnaire survey by A. Alias, T.K. Sin, W.N.W.A. Aziz, 2010)
1.3 Aim
The aim of this study is the main point to be achieved which is:
“To measure the awareness of residents regarding green development for a good living
and healthy environment”
1.4 Objectives
The objectives of this study are carried out to achieve the aim which is:
To carry out theoretical study on green development purpose, concepts,
principles, methods and others related.
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To find out residents awareness and commitment for the adoption and application
of green development.
To analyze issues and problems faced by residents in applying green
development.
To produce recommendations to address identified problems.
1.5 Scope of Study
The scope of study is designed to support the objectives which are:
The scope is for residents and related parties view.
Identify current practices of green development application by residents.
Identify activities or programs provided by the related parties.
Determine the residents’ level of involvement in green development activities or
programs.
Determine the obstacles faced by residents and related parties.
1.6 Methodology
Methodology or approach of study is for the work more systematically and in accordance
with the stages of the study. The stages of study are;
Stage 1: Preliminary Study
At the earlier stage, the problem statements are identified and the results formed the aim
and objectives of the study to address the problem. Then, the scopes of study were
determined in addition to explaining study area.
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Stage 2: Theoretical Study
Theoretical study is a stage for a scientific understanding like the theory, principles and
concepts related to the study conducted. Each component obtained will be explained in
detail so that researcher can understand on matters related to the study. It involves the
collection of relevant materials either from inside or outside country. Reference
materials obtained through books, reports, journals, articles, related websites,
departments and agencies regarding of green development.
Stage 3: Collecting Data
In collecting data stage, there are two methods of collecting data which are primary and
secondary data collection.
a. Primary Data
Primary data is data obtained from primary sources or original sources. This data
is obtained by direct measurement, based on questionnaire, interviews, record,
taking photos and others. For this study, the data are obtained through direct
interviews with the representative of developer which is Sime Darby Property,
representative of Bukit Jelutong Residents Association and representative of head
of the Street in Bukit Jelutong., while the survey based on questionnaire by
residents of study area. This is to identify the level of their understanding with
the application of green development.
b. Secondary Data
Secondary data are data from a second source which has been treated such as
reports, journal, reference books and websites regarding of green development.
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Stage 4: Analyze Data
Analyze data stage is performed as a result of the information by primary and secondary
data. The analysis carried out will lead to the finding from that study. The obtained
results will prove the truth of issues and problems identified and led to the formation of
the proposal.
There are two techniques of this analysis which are;
a. Descriptive Analysis Technique
This technique describes in detail the analysis performed. It is described by an
explanation and description of the study for clearly understanding.
b. Statistics Analysis Technique
This technique involves the analysis of matrix comparison based on information
from the analysis. These data will analyze using Microsoft Excel, SPSS
(Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) and others.
Stage 5: Recommendation and Conclusion
The last stage led to the proposal as a result of the findings obtained based on the analysis
before to overcome all the problems. The suggestions given will provide effective
recommendations to promote green development application. After that, the conclusion
as overall summary for this study will present how important to know green development
practices to residents.
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Developing goal, objectives and scope of study
Theoretical study
Analysis
Finding
Recommendation and Conclusion
Collecting data
Identify issues and problems
1.7 Study Approach
Perception of Residents and Developers towards Green Development Practices
Data Primer Data
Sekunder
Figure 1.1 : Flow Chart
Secondary Data
- Data from agencies (eg :
Ministry of Energy, Green
Technology and Water)
- Malaysian Plan
- Books, journals, reports and
websites
Primary Data
- Questionnaire - residents
- Interview with head of
community
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
Stage 5
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1.8 Significance of the Study
Each study has its own significance to be studied. The importance of the study covered
many good effects that will be accepted by those are in the surroundings of the subject.
The significance of the study is:
To give understanding to the residents about the importance of green development
application that can give minimum of negative impact to environment.
To create awareness about the importance of preserving the environment because
it uses renewable energy which can cut down the expenses at the same time
reduces pollution to the environment.
Responsibility as a human to jointly play a role in making Malaysian country a
better place to live in.
To address environmental problems and economic growth. It consistent with our
government agenda that give priority to environmental issues, particularly the
phenomenon of global climate change.
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1.9 Summary
Chapter one described the initial step of this study to recognize the early problems on
perception of residents towards green development practices. When the problems are
identified, the goal or purpose of this study will be determined. The purpose of this study
is to measure the awareness of residents regarding green development for a good living
and healthy environment. Next, the objectives of the study are designed to assist to
achieve the goal. While the scope of study is the details of the objectives have been
establish. After the initial stage of the study was cleared, the research approach or
methodology is designed to guide the course of this study. The main steps in conducting
this study after the initial stage are theoretical study for a better understanding, data
collection through primary and secondary data, analyze the data obtained and come out
with finding. After the analysis and finding stage, the recommendations to overcome the
issues are developed. Besides that, the significance of this study also was identified to
know the advantages derived from this study.
This chapter could be the guide for the entire study so that this study does not deviate
from the actual goal to be achieved.
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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
Developments today grow rapidly with various schemes to meets the wants and needs
of all segments of society in a country. Without realizing it, the development has
brought many negative effects on the world environment. Many initiatives emerged
such as the application of the concept of sustainable development, green development,
green building, green technology and others which related to addressing global
environmental problem. The understanding and awareness of people in this earth are
needed to expose them the importance of living in healthier environment.
This chapter will explain in more detail in terms of theoretical understanding, such as
the definition and concept of sustainable development and green development, the
components in it, significance, implementation and its applications in other countries
and Malaysia itself. It thus can help in doing this research with a deeper
understanding related to the green development.
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2.2 Sustainable Development
Sustainable development is the main pillar to be achieved in ensuring environmental
welfare. In recent years, the global problems such as global warming, climate change,
acid rain, and various types of pollution cause a lot of awareness arising for the sake
of the earth and future generations.
Initially, the concept of sustainable development emerged in 1970s where the
community over the world thought about it. The Brundtland Commission Report is
formed in 1987, after many discussions in formulating sustainable development
policy. This report comprises the importance of environment and development. The
report contains the definition of sustainable development which it “meets the needs of
the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their
own needs”. Sustainable development is interrelated within economic, social and
environment and it leads to benefit the developed world because the definition asks
for less rapid development for the naturally process to replenished. Renewable
resources can help to make an environmental renewal and a sustainable environment.
(Dr. Md. Abdul Jalil, September 2010).
In Wheeler and Beatley (2009), the concept of „needs‟ in definition of sustainable
development by Brundtland Commission Report, 1987 tells the important needs for
the poor group shall take precedence. This is because they feel that the symptoms and
causes towards sustainable development are from environmental pressure cause by
poverty in different way. The poor‟s group will destroy the environment for their
survival. The action such as cutting down the forests, overgraze grasslands by their
livestock and the increasing number of them will crowd the congested cities. On the
other hand, the limitation‟s idea of the definition is imposed by the state of technology
and social organization on the capabilities of environment to meet the needs of
present and future generations.
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Sustainable development generally is a development that meets the needs of present
and future generations which includes social, economic and environment as well as
take into consideration the advancement of green technology to overcome the global
issues (Department of Town and Country Planning Peninsular Malaysia, 2011). It
means, in conserving for the now and next generations, green technology will help to
manage the development and preserving the natural resources by using the suitable
components.
2.2.1 The Concept of Sustainable Development
According to Dr. Md. Abdul Jalil (September, 2010), the concept of sustainable
development basically started in the 1970s after the negative effects of big scheme
development project which contain of latest infrastructure, high rising buildings and
others to be supply to the people. These projects destroy many of natural resources,
however, have serious impact on the environment and the balancing of ecological.
Therefore, the sustainable development is mentioned as an action to protect the
environment by the world community and it is divided into three components:
economic, social and environment which societies need to manage. He argued that a
development is not necessarily dependent on natural resources only. Otherwise, it is
possible to find other ways as replacement to natural resources. A few “common
challenges” today are identified by The Bruntland Commission which the world faces
are as such;
a) Population and human resources;
b) Food security;
c) Species and ecosystems;
d) Energy;
e) Industrial development; and
f) Urbanization.
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The Commission has forwarded the issue of “common challenges” to international
environmental problem in respect of the scope, nature and the solving. The decisions
to the potential policy can overcome the environmental problem besides it will meet
the people‟s need in every group especially for the poor for their better life.
The concept of sustainable development also involved the satisfaction to meets the
human needs and desirable in a development (Wheeler and Beatley, 2009).
Furthermore, the aspirations to improved quality of life are by not meeting the
important needs of large numbers of people in developing countries such as for food,
shelter, jobs, clothing and others. The sustainable of living standards beyond the
basic minimum is considered wherever the consumption standards have regard for
long-term sustainability.
While Heberle and Opp (2008) felt that sustainable urban development improves the
quality of life on a local level by developing the solutions with a powerful framework.
In addition, it also as a tool to address broader global environmental crises for
example urban planner will planning and designing urban living which leave a smaller
ecological footprint. Heberle and Opp (2008) also said that the reliance to the
definition by the UN‟s World Commission on Environmental and Development in
Our Common Future in 1987, “development that meets the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of future generations to meets their needs” is not
same at the local level which it remains highly contested and variable through the
operation, implementation and measurement. Thus, the interaction within locally and
agencies into every level has formed the policies and practices of sustainable
development.
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2.2.2 Components of Sustainable Development
The combination of these three components formed the achievement of sustainable
development in the world. According to Cilliers, Diemont, Stobbelaar and
Timmermans (2011), the three components are;
I) Environment
In terms of environment components in sustainable development, it protect
the habitat and many environmental disturbance (Natural Economy North
West, 2007)
II) Social factor
In social components, it provides the unity among the communities, an
interaction during leisure and recreational activities (Gulicher, 2008) and
the conservation of cultural and visual amenities.
III) Economic factor
For economic benefits, it will increasing the number of tourist coming
(Woolley et al., 2003), increasing the prices of property (Kramer and
Dorfman, 2006, p. 5; Perman et al., 2003; Harnik and Welle, 2009, p. 6;
Luttik, 2000) and also increasing the economic growth through
competitiveness of the area (Arvanitidis, 2007, p.2).
In conclusion, by applying these three components can make a high value to each of
them. This clearly put the components of sustainability actually very profitable
especially for a long period.
17
Furthermore, other opinion comes from Cox and Cusick (April, 2006) which have
described there are three systems indicate in sustainable development that integrates
each other. The systems are social, environmental and economic. Figure 2.1 shows
the integration between those three systems.
Economic System
Social System EnvironmentalSystem
Figure 2.1 : Three Systems for Sustainability
The components of sustainability as specified in Table 2.1 actually relate to the three
systems. For example, population control includes in social systems and adverse
impact minimization can relate to environmental systems. It also can interact between
two systems in every component such as the component of economic activity and
equitable resource allocation involves economic and social interaction.
Table 2.1 : Components of Sustainable Development
Component Goal
Ecological limits and equitable
standards
Encourage consumption that is
ecologically possible for all
Economic activity and equitable Ensure economic growth that allows all
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resource allocation people to meet their needs
Population control Prevent population from exceeding the
productive potential of the ecosystem
Resource conservation Protect all natural systems
Carrying capacity and sustainable yield Identify the productive potential of the
ecosystem
Resource retention Reduce the rate of depletion for non-
renewable resources
Species diversification Conserve and protect plant and animal
species
Adverse impact minimization Prevent damage to the ecosystem caused
by pollution
Community control Prevent the exploitation and degradation
of ecosystems
Broad national/international framework Jointly manage the biosphere
Economic viability Pursue economic well being given
government policies that limit growth
Environmental quality Make environmental quality a corporate
goal
Environmental audit Track the progress of environmental
management systems
Sources : What is Sustainable Development? (2006)
As the conclusion, the collaboration between these three systems make a balance and
harmony interactions that achieve sustainability target as shown in the shaded area in
the figure. To achieve sustainability, all components must be linked with the interests
of social, economy and environment which are often complementarities. This can be
embedded in the application of green development, which emphasizes sustainability
targets.
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2.2.3 Approaches to the Sustainable Planning
The attitudes and view of the natural environment which influence to sustainable
planning are applied to balance the urban development. Achterberg 1986;
Mierzejewska 2001; Mierzejewska and Parysek 2001 study (as cited in Heberle and
Opp, 2008)) stated that, there are four basic attitudes towards nature of sustainable
planning which are:
a) A “dominion-over-nature” attitude, an extreme opinion in which nature is
merely a resource that human have the right to use at will to satisfy their
needs;
b) A “stewardship” attitude, which sees human’s existence as dependent on
natural conditions to some extent; nature is a value in itself and hence should
be treated with consideration and a sense of responsibility;
c) An environment-oriented attitude, in which humans are perceived as part of a
larger ecosystem; hence moral respect for the various life-forms that humans
share it with; and
d) A “unity-with-nature” attitude, the other extreme in the classification,
represented by proponents of “deep ecology” in whose opinion nature
develops autonomously, independent of man, while man is fully dependent on
natural processes; hence, nature has an implicit value and man has a moral
duty to respect it.
The basic attitudes above reflect the views or the relationship between natural and
man. Firstly, a “dominion-over-nature” attitude interpreted as human attitudes that
have power to act the exploitation of environment which is considered as a source to
fulfill their purpose. This act shows that human always think that they have the right
to do any changes to the natural resources for development purpose merely.
Secondly, a “stewardship” attitude is vice verse to a “dominion-over-nature” attitude.
This is due to the respect to natural resources which have its infinity value even
though it is limited. Therefore, as a human, we should be use the nature in
accordingly because it also use as human resources for healthy, food and safety.
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Thirdly, an environment-oriented attitude is related with respectful in moral value to
others various life because humans as part of ecosystem which includes others life in
this earth that share habitat, air, water and others nature together.
Lastly, a “unity-with-nature” attitude reflect to the man which dependent on natural
processes such as photosynthesis process to get oxygen to survive while the nature is
not dependent to the man to survive because they have their natural process and
continue to give benefits to the environment in this earth.
In addition, in approaching the sustainable planning, there are five conditions for a
sustainable housing by Edwards and Turrent (2000).
Table 2.2: Five Conditions for Sustainable Housing
Condition Component
Low resource use Energy
Water
Other resources (land, minerals, etc)
Safe Security through design
Healthy Physical health
Mental health (stress)
Productive Socially
Economically
Beautiful Aesthetically
Spiritually
Ecologically
Sources: Sustainable Housing Principles & Practices, 2000.
The five conditions for sustainable housing above show, where every component can
give a better condition for the dwellers. For the low resource use, it includes the
minimization of energy use, water use and other resources such as land and minerals.
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For the safety, it is the security through the design of housing. For the healthy, the
physical and mental health can help to get a better quality of life of residents. The
productive residents should have socially and economically attitudes to improve their
productivity. While for the beautiful condition, it is through the value of aesthetically,
spiritually and ecologically. All of the components will make every single of
residents happy and living in good condition.
Based on Turrent (2000) perspective, to achieve sustainable housing, the readers
should be reminding the factors that cause the need for sustainable development. The
past two decades, a lot of issues regarding environment that increasingly worried by
the residents on this earth. Issues such as global warming with the average annual
temperatures are likely to rise by 1.5C over the next 50 years. The problem of acid
rain has damaged trees around us. Rainforest destruction has contributed 15% to
greenhouse gas emissions. In urban areas, the quality of air is the main problem
which affected human health. The ozone hole is getting bigger and the thinning of
the ozone layer causing extra ultra violet radiation reaching the earth that cause
various diseases that are harmful. Lastly, the emissions of carbon dioxide gasses from
the buildings are one of the causes of global warming. This clearly shows that they
are all closely related to current issues of the environment.
There are four principles and practice to attain sustainable planning for housing
(Turrent, 2000). The principles and practice are:
1) Energy
The housing should minimize the use of energy sources like fossil fuels. For
example, the housing layouts design using passive solar heat gain. While the
forms of compact built are with low wall or ratios of floor are more efficient
for reducing heat loss. The low energy lights with energy efficient white
goods can avoid more electricity consumption that increases the domestic
annual fuel bill. In addition, the use of solar water heating system can help to
decrease the carbon dioxide emissions even though it takes long time for the
payback period.
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2) Water
The demand of water consumption is increasing due to the additional number
of the population and demand threatens to outstrip supply. The low flush or
dual flush WCs can be specified. Besides, the flow restrictors and spray taps
can be use and use the rainwater for watering the garden. Recycling practices
by grey water can be used in flushing WCs. While for the cleaning of
rainwater or solid waste, the use of reed beds can be apply where space is
available. The design of permeable surfaces can help to overcome run-off
from the rain. To encourage awareness among the population, the use of
water meters can make them more aware and at once can reduce the water
consumption.
3) Transport
The ideal of distance between housing and public transport interchanges
should be within 400m which is close each other. It can encourage the
population to use public transport since it is accessible. Therefore, the
personal vehicle can be reducing in road system. While mixed-use
neighbourhoods can help to reduce the car transport demand because it
emphasized close distance for population to public transportation.
Furthermore, pedestrian walkways and cyclists lane should be given priority
and security for example the cycle storage that near with the housing.
4) Quality of Life
Turrent (2000) also said that sustainability is not only physically elements, it
includes the elements of social, aesthetic and economic that connects with
individual and community well-being. In terms of healthy of human, the
indoor and outdoor air quality can help reducing ill health because human
health is very sensitive to changes in air quality. Apart of it, landscape
planting is important which need to be integrated with housing and wildlife
encouraged. Furthermore, for a better planning in such area, the user need to
be involved in the designing and managing process in their estates.
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For the conclusion, the designing of sustainable housing should emphasize sustainable
planning such as apply high density development and mixed use neighbourhood. The
principles of energy, water, transport and quality of life can be practiced to reduce a
lot of waste that before had been ignored by humans. Green housing in order to
achieve sustainable housing expected to be increase although there is constraint of
cost which can be addressed when the payback is return.
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2.3 Green Development
Green development is a new concept especially in Malaysia and is one of the
initiatives taking by government and private agencies to pursuit the target of
sustainable development. The application of green development is increasingly
practiced in the buildings, residential areas, workplaces and so on provides many
benefits in term of health, safety, economic and beautiful neighborhood.
Toronto Green Development Standard (July, 2006) contends that the term „Green‟ is
closely related with the concept of „sustainability‟ or „sustainable development‟ which
the definition is popularized by Bruntland Commission Report, 1987. The two
important principles in the sustainability definition are the responsibility of one
generation to the next and the interdependencies within social, economic and
ecological systems. The „development‟ term means the various scales of it. In
addition, they have expressed the key principles in the sustainability application
which are;
a) The balances integration of the economic, social and environmental systems.
b) Recognition that the world‟s resources are finite.
c) Caution in the face of high risk and uncertainty in irreversible decisions.
d) Inclusion and engagement of all stakeholders.
e) Ensuring intergenerational equity.
f) Respect for both human and natural capital.
The key principles above are emphasized in the sustainability circumstances which
requires the integration and respectful of human and natural resources in the context
of responsibility and appreciation the resources, meeting the needs of all generations,
decision making and involvement of all parties.
Furthermore, green development is a concept of land use planning that emphasize
with community-wide or impact of regional environmental from development with
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green concepts. Green development consider with environment as chance to create a
better and quality of communities life which are more comfortable, more efficient,
more appealing, and ultimately more profitable in the longer run (Wikipedia, website :
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_development).
There are strategies by green development application which it includes energy and
water efficiency, reuse of materials and use of sustainable materials, on-site
stormwater management, healthy indoor air quality, building preservation and reuse,
accessibility to public transportation options, infill and brownfield redevelopment,
and smart growth principles. Wikipedia website said that these strategies have been
derived from the all-inclusive tome released by The Rocky Mountain Institute,
entitled Green Development: Integrating Ecology and Real Estate.
According to the Department of Town and Country Planning Peninsular Malaysia
(2011), the definition of green development (green growth) from town planning
aspect includes the community involvement in term of the location and site
management by reducing the greenhouse gasses emission which using efficiency
energy (EE) and renewable energy (RE) at their home and workplace especially.
Hence, the planning promotes compact and mix-used development and management
for easy access to public transportation and close to shops and places to go while the
3R concept (reduce, reuse and recycle) should be applied in their daily life. Next is to
use green transport or green network practice such as cycling and walking for healthy
lifestyle. The latest application is by using green technology in preparing public
facilities, infrastructure, buildings and living style at home. Last but not least is
providing mini-agricultural land for residents to cultivate in residential area. The
productions from the cultivation not only provide a food sources as food security plan,
but it can provide good health through exercise during the cultivation and through the
air quality resulting from the crop.
Besides the above definition, Ahmad Zairin Ismail (April, 2010) together with
Malaysian Green Technology Corporation defines green technology that refers to the
application of knowledge for practical purposes as;
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“The development and application of products, equipment and systems used to
conserve the natural environment and resources, which minimizes and reduces the
negative impact of human activities.”
Definition above means the conservation of natural environment and resources can be
done through the application of tools which consistent with sustainable development
target. Thus, the bad impact of development can be controlled and decreased.
2.3.1 Components of Green Development
There are many components in green development practices. However, the four
components below are the most and clear pillars that can help in implementation of
green development.
I) Energy
Energy is one of the pillars to apply in green development. It encourages
the use of energy efficiently without using the non-renewable sources such
as electrical power (Ahmad Zairin Ismail, April, 2010).
While U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (n.d.) stated
that the efficiency of energy is measured by the combination of resident
comfort and decreasing the use of utility bills and carbon emissions from
transports and industrial factories.
II) Water
Water conservation can be efficient by installing energy efficient
landscape irrigation using graywater (from sinks, showers and tubs), roof
water, or collected site runoff. Water conservation also conserves energy
use that may be associated with pumping, heating, flushing, and treating
water, and has the added benefit of being relatively inexpensive to achieve
(U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, n.d.).
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IV) Air
Toronto Green Development Standard (July, 2006) said that air quality and
greenhouse gas emissions will enhance the efficiency of energy, reducing
the need for energy consumption or encouraging to use other sources of
energy.
V) Waste management
In waste management, the encouraging in recycling programs and
infrastructure can help in reducing the size of the city‟s collective waste
stream (Johnston and Sadhu, 2005). Besides, adopt the management and
utilization waste water treatment, solid waste and sanitary landfill (Ahmad
Zairin Ismail (April, 2010). In addition, the management of waste by
using 3R application can help to reduce the pollution (Department of
Town and Country Planning Peninsular Malaysia (2011).
2.3.2 Green City
According to Dekay and O‟Brien (2001), Green City is a sustainable city or eco-city
which is designed with consideration of environmental impact, inhabited by people
dedicated to minimization of required inputs of energy, water and food, and waste
output of heat, air pollution such as carbon dioxide, methane and water pollution.
Green cities involve the promotion of activities that employ, recognize, or conserve
nature in its many helpful forms to sustain urban life while limiting or reducing its
depletion. This range is supporting regional ecosystems and improving the
functioning of municipal infrastructure to the valuation of greening in real estate and
public capital investment decisions.
It also includes building energy-efficient and resource-conserving homes and
providing multipurpose, varied-sized open space meeting needs for respite, recreation,
28
aquifer protection, storm-water management, flood control, and urban agriculture
(Dekay and O‟Brien, 2001).
Implementing these new ways has become the primary mission of many. They are
working through government, advocacy groups, professional organizations and
partnerships, and as individuals.
Table below shows the urban strategies for ecosystem services:
Table 2.3 : Urban Strategies for Ecosystem Services
Ecosystem Service Green City Strategy
Energy production Multi-scalar, regionally fitted renewable energy: solar,
wind, hydro, bio-fuels, cogeneration, conservation
Food production Diversified urban, suburban, and regional agriculture:
community gardens, productive parks
Air supply Wind planning: green corridors, staggered and dispersed
buildings, windbreaks
Water supply Rainwater catchment onsite and buildings; natural swales
and streams; creek restoration
Nutrients / Materials
supply
Local production; cascading uses: restaurant to community
garden, sewage to fertilizer, neighborhood compost
Waste removal Composting, recycling, eco-industrial parks, composting
toilets, neighborhood sewage treatment
Biodiversity Landscape ecology patterns: corridor, patch, matrix
Water purification Gray water filtration/reuse; living filters; soil percolation
and recharge; constructed wetlands
Waste processing Constructed wetlands; composting
Flood mitigation Locating out of flood zones; green roofs, permeable cover;
recharge zones: wetlands, site retention
Drought mitigation Conservation; cisterns, site detention, local ponds and lakes;
landscape, native plants
Erosion control Acceptance of natural changes; planting, ground cover,
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avoiding erosion zone development
Energy storage Matched demand/supply cycles; buildings' structure; ice,
phase change materials; reservoirs, forests, bio-fuels
Sources: Gray City, Green City: New Thinking and New Settlement Patterns Can Bring About Urban
Sustainability (2001)
2.3.3 Green Neighborhood
Green neighborhood has become a choice of Malaysian community recently.
Government recommendations to enhance the development of the green make green
neighborhood development concepts which are increasingly being offered by
developers. In year 2011, Ministry of Housing and Local Government through the
Department of Town and Country Planning Peninsular Malaysia has provided
Planning Guidelines for Green Neighbourhood. This guideline can help the State
Government, local authorities, developers, government agencies, NGOs and
professional body to formulate their own plans to design and promote the green
development in a neighbourhood. The definition, concept, principles and guidelines
below are based on the Planning Guidelines for Green Neighbourhood by Department
of Town and Country Planning Peninsular Malaysia (2011).
I. Definition and Concept
According to the Department of Town and Country Planning Peninsular
Malaysia (2011), neighbourhood means:
“The local community determined based on the same geographical location in
a city, town or suburb. Neighborhood is usually a social community that can
communicate face to face between its members.”
Based on the above definition, neighbourhood can be described as a
community interacts with each other that have the same residential area
whether in a city, town or suburb. While green neighbourhood means:
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“Is a neighbourhood that is designed based on human scale, multi-element of
'green' includes corridors network and green space planted with greenery
along the road, including landscape planting on private lots or space
(including green roofs), green infrastructure, which communicate with each
other, low density, high and compact in support of public facilities,
transportation facilities and infrastructure.”
The above statement described green neighbourhood is a neighborhood that
have a variety of green elements in their area such as landscape, plants,
transportation, facilities and infrastructure that are of concern.
Green neighborhood also can be defined as “a planned neighborhood in an
integrated manner by giving priority to the protection and utilization of
natural resources, the application of green technology and recycling, which
aims to protect the environment, improve public health, safety and general
welfare of city residents.”. It clearly shows, green neighbourhood is very
important in terms of protecting environment and human interest by using
green technology application, recycling activity and preserves the natural
resources.
II. Planning Principles
Department of Town and Country Planning Peninsular Malaysia (2011) have
indicated that there are 10 principles to design green neighborhood which in
line with the universal planning doctrine by JPBD before. The principles
consist of:
a) Using renewable energy and energy efficiency;
b) Provide green infrastructure such as rain water harvesting and district
cooling system;
c) Create high accessibility to residents for public transport links and walking
as well as cycling activities;
d) Emphasis on sustainability and environmental conservation;
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e) Provides a residential area that emphasizes the beauty and comfort to the
people;
f) Offers a variety of facilities and services for residents daily activities;
g) Designing human-scale neighborhood development as in the streetscape
design, building, public space and many more to ensure the green
neighborhood can work properly, comfortable and safe;
h) Creation of a harmonious, prosperous, healthy and interact;
i) Create local economic activity that is competitive, and
j) Have affordable features that people are able to undertake economic
activities, have a home, work and recreation within the neighborhood.
Based on the above principles, the planning and development of green
neighbourhood are according to the principles which consist of renewable
energy and energy efficiency that can reduce fossil fuel. While green
infrastructure may deduct the cost compare to the use of common
infrastructure. Residents must be provided good accessibility to public
transport, pedestrian and cycle routes. Besides, the characteristics of
sustainable and environmental conservation are also given priority. This
principle also adopts the elements of beauty and comfort to residents in which
they provide various facilities as well as services for the daily activities of the
residents. For a better, comfortable and safe green neighbourhood, the design
of neighbourhood development is based on human-scale such as in streetscape
design, building, and public space. Therefore, it can assist the creation of a
harmonious, prosperous, healthy and interact neighbourhood. The creation of
local economic activity which is competitive is an important principle,
coupled with the ability of residents to carry out economic activities, have a
house, work and recreation within the neighbourhood. By following the above
principles, it can ensure that a neighbourhood is more harmonious, healthy and
competitive for the benefit of residents.
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III. General Guideline
a) Walkability and Connectivity
b) Creating Transit Facilities in the Near Distance
c) Green Network
d) Mixed-Use Development
e) High Density
f) Safer Neighbourhood Environment
g) Application of Green Technology in Building Construction and Provision
of Infrastructure Facilities
h) Site Selection and Planning of Green Neighbourhood
i) Green Community Network
The general guideline above is for the developer guidance to provide these
elements in every green neighbourhood unit. Every neighbourhood should be
inter-connected with public facilities, focal point, services and transit facilities
through comprehensive pedestrian walkways and supported by green network
that are safe and in accordance with the design of disable facilities. It should
be connectivity with existing and future plan of road circulation. Besides, the
public facilities and services should be in 400 meters walking distance. Next,
public transit in close distance can promote public to use public transportation
through comprehensive planning, accessible, and efficiently. Green network
is applied through tree planting and neighbourhood farming along the edge of
the street, parks and at home. In addition, green neighbourhood indicates
mixed-use development which provides housing area that accessible with
commercial area, institution, office, public facilities and recreation for the
daily activities. While every green neighbourhood are encouraged for high
and medium density for an optimum utilization of land and supports transit
system facilities. Crime prevention through environmental design concept can
be adopted to ensure safer neighbourhood environment. Meanwhile, every
building are encourage complying with Green Building Index (GBI) and using
green technology application to reduce environmental pollution through
33
carbon reducing and energy efficiency. For the site selection and planning
criteria, infill and brownfill areas are strongly encouraged to avoid green areas
continue to be developed. Lastly for the green community network, it
encourage interaction between community is design and planning process by
community discourse and social media.
IV. Specific Guideline
A) Green Neighbourhood Design
a) Neighbourhood Size
b) Composition of the Mixed Land Use
c) Compact
d) Street Network
e) Streetscape
f) Diversity of Housing Types
g) Neighbourhood Centre or Focal Point
h) Public Open Space
i) Transit Facilities
j) Local Food Production
B) Green Infrastructure Facility
a) Rainwater Harvesting
b) Rain Garden or Bio-retention
c) Roof Top Gardens
d) Permeable Paver
e) On-Site Renewable Energy
f) District Cooling System
Every element in the above specific guideline should be followed to
implement in every green neighbourhood area. In green neighbourhood
design, the size is important and the combination of neighbourhood unit will
form a city. In order to make sure the preservation of environment in green
34
neighbourhood, the developer or residents itself can use green infrastructure
facilities such as rainwater harvesting, roof top gardens and on-site renewable
energy.
2.4 Significance of Green Development to the Environment
Along with the serious environmental condition due to the rapid development in
Malaysia, green development initiatives have given significance to the environment.
The benefits of green development can be divided into two (Tetra Tech, Inc) which is
pollution control and hazard mitigation.
a) Pollution Control
Referring to Tetra Tech, Inc, environment can give benefits and reduced costs
which associates with green development practices. Green development
encourage compact development and mixed-use development that significant
to reduce the mobilization of car indirectly savings in automobile emissions.
Therefore, through the reduction of automobile emissions, the reduction of
energy requirement can decrease the level of air pollution and the water
consumed in accordance with green development schemes.
b) Hazard Mitigation
Hazard mitigation through green conservation of open space when make it as
environmentally sensitive areas can save the earth from environmental
phenomena, damage of property and loss of life (Tetra Tech, Inc). this is
because, green area such as open space can provide many benefits to life on
earth as it created in nature with a variety of functions in the environmental
cycle.
The benefit of green development also been said by A. Alias, T.K. Sin, W.N.W.A.
Aziz (2010). By focusing the benefits of green development to their home‟s
environment, they said green home application that use renewable energy as its power
35
source such as solar energy, uses low-flow water fixtures and grey water recycling
system and use renewable materials such as bamboo frames, the environment will be
protected through the impact of the use of the materials mentioned before. For
example, the natural resources can be protected while the air can be less pollutant.
Overall, the use of materials that apply green development can save the environment
from exposure to risk.
2.5 Implementation of Green Development in International Level
Chicago is one of the countries that have adopted green urbanism that incorporates
elements of green development in each of their planning. The strategy of Chicago
includes utilizing its purchasing power, practices of construction and operations
protocol as a catalyst in promoting environmentally friendly and most desirable city to
live throughout the world.
2.5.1 The Green Development in Chicago
In the journal by Johnston (2005), the city of Chicago has been spearheading of the
green urbanism since 14 years ago under the leadership of Mayor Richard M. Daley.
Chicago is leading towards innovation and changes by prepared new policies and
programs on green development concept. The explanation of green development in
Chicago is through below strategy:
I) Environmental Action Plan
Based on The Agenda 21 from the United Nation‟s Rio Conference on
Environment and Development in 1992, Mayor Daley with his 18
members of his cabinet cooperate to create an environmental action plan
for Chicago in year 2004. He has created the initiatives of landscaping and
the various green buildings built in the city. The idea of Chicago becomes
greening is based on the three important goals that guided the development
of Chicago‟s Environmental Action Agenda which are „to better protect of
natural resources‟, „to promote environmentally friendly lifestyles‟ and „to
36
lead by example and incorporate environmental commitment into the
everyday work of city government‟.
II) Leading By Example
Chicago aims to become a greenest city by and understanding the
importance to conserve the resource, quality of life and design awareness
strategy to make Chicago is high competitive edge as international city.
Mayor Richard M. Daley in Johnston (2005) has stated the Chicago‟s
greening and environmentally practices helps them save money and
enhance the quality of life which making people want to live, work and
raise a family in Chicago. Mayor Daley was heralded landscaping efforts
since he was elected in 1989, therefore it is already more than 400,000
trees has planted. The planted trees has became as a “carbon sink” and
remove the air borne particulate matter of 31,000 vehicles annually. It also
can reduce the urban heat island effect, decreasing the financial costs and
pollution in residential and commercial air-conditioning systems.
Furthermore, other than landscaping program, Chicago also implemented
other environmental initiatives such as the grates around sidewalk trees
consist recycled rubber tire, 20-30 percent of all new Chicago street
asphalt contains recycled asphalt grindings from the city‟s repaving
projects and the city has replaced most incandescent stop lights with low
energy LED lights. The city of Chicago also by its influence promotes
environmentally sustainable building practices in the region‟s real estate
and construction industries.
III) 2001 Energy Plan and Utilization of Renewable Energy
In 2001, Mayor Daley has set out a strategy for clean, affordable and
reliable energy sources to protect consumers, promote growth and protect
the environment. The city has installed LED lighting at over 450
intersections in the city. Besides, The City of Chicago Department of
Fleet Management and Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) have received
37
“Green Fleet” Awards from the Illinois EPA in recognition of their
exceeding Clean Fuel Fleet Program (CFFP) requirements.
IV) Promoting Environmentally Friendly Lifestyles
The city of Chicago provides recycling programs and infrastructure to the
citizens and businesses in order to reduce the waste stream collective. The
built of energy efficient, smart, healthy and green residential building from
the technical assistance, model projects and incentives. They also identify
and overcome the obstacles to implement green building practices. Other
than that, the transportation system provides a range alternatives to their
citizens and visitors.
V) Green Residential Development
The city of Chicago utilizes green building strategies to make sure the new
and old building stocks are built in such a way to minimize utility bills.
They are focuses on green residential construction in both publicly funded
and market rate housing within the city for years. Green building concept
is applied into residential development through demonstration projects
such as the Green Bungalows and Green Homes for Chicago.
VI) Transit Oriented Development
Transit Oriented Development (TOD) is a relatively dense mixed-use
development within a half-mile radius of a transit center. Chicago‟s
Department of Planning and Development (DPD) applying TOD related
policies for the development proposals. Furthermore, the new Chicago
Zoning Ordinance allows for parking reduction within 600 feet of transit.
The new pedestrian also being introduced which designed for areas
frequented by pedestrians.
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VII) The City That Bikes
The city also promotes their citizens to travel by bicycle. The Bicycling
Magazine was selected Chicago as the best “big” city for bicycling in
North America in 2001 due to the success of The Bike 2000 Plan, prepared
by the Mayors‟s Bicycle Advisory Council. An effective public
transportation and extensive of bike infrastructure in Chicago given an
alternative to automobile ownership, which frees-up costs and make it as
affordable place to live.
VIII) Conserving Natural Resources
The city of Chicago in Chicago Environmental Action Agenda stated that
it will continue to conserve, protect and restore their region‟s natural
resources through identifying opportunities for water conservation,
developing and maintaining city landscaping, parks, forests and open
space. In addition, the Chicago River system is restored and increasing
access to it as a source of recreation and enjoyment.
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2.6 Implementation of Green Development in Malaysia Level
Since the year 2010, Malaysia's efforts to implement green development increasingly
emphasized. There are many efforts being made to ensure the development of green
elements is applied in many things, especially in every development. Several
initiatives made by Malaysia is very coincide given the current environmental
conditions are serious concern.
2.6.1 Development of National Green Technology
Malaysia has taken steps to develop green technology as a step towards green
development and environmental awareness. Based on Ahmad Zairin Ismail (April,
2010), Malaysia has taken initiative to establish the Ministry of Energy, Green
Technology and Water in April 2009, during the reshuffle of Cabinet. Continuous
from that, in 24 July 2009, National Green Technology Policy was launched by the
Prime Minister, Dato‟ Seri Najib Tun Razak.
According to the Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water in Ahmad Zairin
Ismail (April, 2010), green technology is define as “The development and application
of products, equipment and systems used to conserve the natural environment and
resources, which minimizes and reduces the negative impact of human activities”. It
explains the emphasis on aspects of things that are around people which can help to
preserve the environment through minimizing destruction to the environment, using
renewable resources, conserving the use of energy and natural resources, reduce or
not to release the emission of green house gas (GHG) and must be safe for use that
encouraging healthy and enhanced environment for all.
Malaysia has set a goal of Green Technology Policy which is “to provide direction
and motivation for Malaysians to continuously enjoy good quality living and a healthy
environment”. This goal will promotes Malaysians to use green technology that will
improve the quality of life and environment. There are several stages to achieve the
main goals as set out. It is inserted in every Malaysia Plan for short-term goals, mid-
term goals and long-term goals (Ahmad Zairin Ismail, April, 2010).
40
I. Short-Term Goals (10th
Malaysia Plan)
For short-term, the goals are to emphasize the public awareness and
participation to use green technology by programs that has guidance. Besides,
the green technology products, tools, equipment and systems will be
expanding the provision and recognition in the local market through standards,
rating and labeling programs. The foreign and domestic direct investments
(FDIs and DDIs) will be increase in green technology manufacturing and
services sector. In addition, the research institutes and higher learning
institutions of local will be expanded to extent research, development and
innovation activities about green technology to commercialization by
appropriate mechanism.
II. Mid-Term Goals (11th
Malaysian Plan)
In mid-term goals, the target is the procurement of products and services are
preferred to apply green technology as the main alternative. Next is, green
technology becomes a larger local market that is selected and contributes to
the applying of green technology in regional market. Therefore, the
production of local green technology products will be enhancing and the
application will be expanded to most economic sectors. Furthermore, the
research, development and innovation of green technology will be increased in
local universities and research institution and are commercialized with the
collaboration of local industry and multi-national companies.
III. Long-Term Goals (12th
Malaysian Plan and Beyond)
The long-term goals indicates the used of green technology as Malaysia
culture and becomes as a main producer in the global market. Moreover, the
widespread of green technology adoption will reduces overall resource
consumption as well as sustaining economic growth of Malaysia. Besides, the
national energy consumption has substantial decrease. Therefore, it will help
to improve the environmental ratings of Malaysia‟s ranking. Furthermore, the
international collaborations between local universities and research institution
with green technology will be extended.
41
There are four sectors involved in green technology according to the Ministry of
Energy, Green Technology and Water in Ahmad Zairin Ismail (April, 2010). First is
energy sector that apply green technology in power generation and in the management
of energy supply by the industrial and commercial sectors. For utilization, green
technology application will be in all energy utilization sectors and in programs of
demand side management. Second is in building sector, green technology will be
adopted in the construction, management, maintenance and buildings‟ demolition.
Water and waste management as the third sector that adopt green technology in the
management and utilization of water resources, waste water treatment, solid waste
and sanitary landfill. Lastly in transportation sector, green technology will be applied
in the transportation infrastructure and vehicles, in particular, public road transport
and biofuels. In year 2010, there are five green technology programs that have been
made to promote green technology as indicated below:
I. Restructuring of Malaysia Energy Centre as National Green Technology
Centre
The National Green Technology Centre functions are to develop for green
technology industry, become as focal point to set standards and labeling,
coordinating research, development and application on green technology
programs, promote green technology initiatives and programs and
implementing agency for government in green technology activities.
II. International Exhibition on Green Technology in 2010 (IGEM)
Malaysia has organized an International Exhibition on Green Technology on
14 to 17 October 2010 in Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre which is
International Greentech and Eco Products Exhibition and Conference
Malaysia (IGEM). Among the programs and activities are exhibition,
conference, interaction program between local and overseas universities,
workshop and demonstration, documentary, business matching sessions and
business networking.
42
III. Develop Putrajaya and Cyberjaya as Green Township
Putrajaya and Cyberjaya are developed as pioneer township in green
technology. In 2010, the green township guideline in cooperation with
Malaysia Institute of Planners (MIP) have been developed and promoted.
While the green rating system have been develop in cooperation with Institut
Sultan Iskandar UTM (ISI-UTM) and Ministry of Natural Resources and
Environment (MNRE) have developed and applied green rating system. It is
about the „Carbon Footprint‟ by using „Common Carbon Metric (CCM)‟
protocol. Furthermore, there is a program for 10% saving in energy and water
consumption with cooperation government agencies and other organization in
Putrajaya.
IV. Give Priority to Environment-friendly Products and Services in Government
Procurement (Green Procurement)
The priority is gave to comply with technology standards in government green
procurement that cooperate between Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Energy,
Green Technology and Water, Malaysian Green Technology Corporation and
SIRIM Berhad. The proposed activities and programs are the establishment of
working group for green procurement, development of action plan for green
procurement that include organizing national workshop and seminar and
national eco-labeling program for products and services.
V. Green Technology Financing Scheme (GTFS) amounting to 1.5 billion
For the financing size, the producer of green technology maximum is RM50
Million per company while for user of green technology maximum is RM10
Million per company. Financing tenure is up to 15 years for producer and up
to 10 years for user. The eligibility criteria is legally registered with Malaysia
Owned Companies at least 51% for producer and legally registered with
Malaysia Owned Companies at least 70% for user. The participating financial
institutions are from all commercial and Islamic Banks and Development
Financial Institutions. Government also give incentives with interest subsidy
of 2% per annum, government guarantee is 60% of financing and have been
43
approved. The guarantee fee is 0.5% per annum while the interest is
determined by participating financial institutions.
2.6.2 National Innovation Strategy for Green Growth
According to Hong Lee Pee (Jan, 2011), as Malaysia was still new in green growth,
there are many opportunities in business, technological innovation and development
which can be explored in various fields such as:
I. Energy Efficiency and Conservation
Energy Efficiency and Conservation (EE&C) is expected to contribute exceed
one-third for decreasing of emission by 2050, which it is easier and faster way.
Malaysia has introduced the development of Green Building Index to meet the
sustainability built environment which covers water and energy efficiency and
conservation major component. This is due to the Malaysia has set the
criteria, performance indicators and testing standards in materials and
electrical products or equipment.
In addition, Hong Lee Pee (Jan, 2011) also said that Malaysia requires
innovation in sectors such as transportation, industries, power generations and
business which apply EE&C. In research and development (R&D), it will be
use in cleaner transportation technologies after the saving of electric and fuel
vehicle start-up companies that have successfully attracted. Furthermore, in
accordance to our tropical climate environment, the development of green
materials, technology and products are compatible. The labour force in EE&C
development in term of ICT is needed in the side management of supply and
demand. Besides, the consultative service on integrated solution need to
provide for design-built and management of the EE&C in public, commercial
and residential buildings sector and industrial plants and factories. Finally, the
water and bio-diversities should be conserving for this EE&C.
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II. Renewable Energy
Renewable Energy (RE) is the use of energy that can be renewed is contained
in the Fifth-Fuel in 8th
Malaysia Plan (2001-2005) by the government.
However, a decade had passed and the performance of RE in our country are
still in the early stages even though the expected from government that had
emphasis on the green-technology industries‟ development will become faster
in renewable energy sources development (Hong Lee Pee, Jan, 2011)
He also added, in Malaysia, there are many solar and biomass energy
resources with reasonable amount of its wind and wave. The vast
opportunities in business innovation and development via RE has some of the
potential areas which the combination of solar, wind and wave electricity
production with other constant-supply power generations in R&D.
Furthermore, the solar, wind and wave, and biomass power generation
development are in full commercial scale coupled with the development of
local production of the wind power plant. The further R&D to enhance the
efficiency of cost in electricity generation by solar cell through employing a
newly innovated heat pipe which is able to help the disperse of heat generated
from solar panels at an extremely efficient manner, while the waste heat
dispersed can be used to drive a supplementary system-boiler power plant.
The existence of other varieties of biomass sources such as biomass algae, it
will have higher commercial value than the known biomass resources. This
potential projects will be investigated and R&D.
III. Transport
Transportation mode in Malaysia is relies more on motor vehicles that
increase the percentage of CO2 emission and also become the major portion of
the CO2 emission. In order to reduce the carbon intensity in 2020, the
mitigating measure of CO2 emission from the urban transportation sector will
have to play an important role. For example, bringing people to reduce their
travel demand with personal vehicles and encourage them to use more
45
efficient transportation mode and energy-saving traffic system. The right
intervention and incentives policies to these great challenges will give
enormous opportunities in business innovation and investment, and
technology innovation and advancement.
The opportunities come from the low carbon emission through the
development of new infrastructure and traffic system for travelling efficiency.
In addition, the improving of air quality and the mobility in the city is the great
potentials for business and technology innovations and developments. The
concept of „New Mobility‟ is inspired by innovation and propelled emerging
by pressing needs. The example of New Mobility concept is the New
Mobility hub networks which connect a variety of transportation modes and
services that are sustainable through a network of physical locations or
“mobile points” throughout a city or region. It is physically or electronically
linking the elements for a smooth, integrated, sustainable door-to-door urban
trip (MTE 2004 in Hong Lee Pee, Jan, 2011). Others innovative New
Mobility hub network started in Bremen, Germany and spreading to Toronto,
Canada.
As conclusion, the development of new capital market for green investment such as
education and public campaign on green products and green-technology regarding the
awareness program should be carried out by the Malaysian government. Although
Malaysia still at the early stage of green development initiative, at least the awareness
to preserves the environment has been initiated by the government. Measures to
protect the environment actually have to start from home by residents for example
doing recycling, farming and gardening, rain water harvesting and many more.
46
2.7 Summary
Green development practices are one of the branches to sustainable development.
Therefore, both connected as described in this literature review chapter. Besides, the
study of sustainability includes the concepts, approaches and components contain in
the sustainable development. Green development also comprises its definition,
components and the green city and green neighbourhood literature which describe the
elements and principles used. In addition, the significance of green development to
the environment are identified which it can control the pollution and mitigate the
hazard. Furthermore, the case study in implementation of green development in
international and local level also under review so that knowledge about the
implementation of green development to make examples and guidelines for green
development in Malaysia. Any good examples are taken so that the progress of green
development in Malaysia can be increased.
The study of the elements and matters related to the green development will give a
better understanding of the aspects to be studied. It can help in making the survey
questions later. With the understanding that has been made, it will ensure that at the
later, survey questions would not deviate from the original goal of the study.
47
CHAPTER 3
CASE STUDY
3.1 Introduction
Case study in chapter three is to examine in detail about the study area, the location,
current practices about green development and the implementation. Bukit Jelutong is
chosen for this case study area to study about the residents‟ perception towards green
development practices. The selection of this area is made based on its background as
the most prestigious neighbourhood in the Klang Valley and it is a well-planned
community. Therefore, the practice of green development in this area is concern by
its residents and members of the committee for this area to ensure continuity of a
well-planned community in addition to conserving the environment.
3.2 Location of Study Area
Bukit Jelutong is situated in suburb of Shah Alam city, which in Blok Perancangan
Kecil 1.3, based on Majlis Bandaraya Shah Alam 2020 Local Plan. It is a low-density
and self-contained planned community with total acreage of this area is spread over
2,200 acres of prime freehold land. Bukit Jelutong is developed by Guthrie Property
Holding Berhad (GPHB), a subsidiary company of Sime Darby Bhd.
It is accessible from North-Klang Valley Expressway (NKVE), North South
Expressway Central Link (ELITE) and the Guthrie Corridor Expressway (GCE).
Bukit Jelutong is strategically located between Shah Alam and Subang Jaya. The
48
areas near to Bukit Jelutong are Subang TUDM to the north, TTDI Jaya to the east,
Kelab Golf Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah to the south and Bukit Cahaya Seri Alam
Agriculture Park to the west. As a whole, the land surface is flat and several small
hillsides.
Table 3.1: The Summary Details of Bukit Jelutong
Launched 1995
Location Located between Shah Alam and Subang Jaya, near
with Subang TUDM, TTDI Jaya, Kelab Golf Sultan
Abdul Aziz Shah and Bukit Cahaya Seri Alam
Agriculture Park
Total acreage 2,200 acres
Land tenure Freehold
Accessibility North-Klang Valley Expressway (NKVE)
North South Expressway Central Link (ELITE)
Guthrie Corridor Expressway (GCE)
Nearest amenities Kelab Golf Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah
Hypermarkets such as Space U8, SACC Mall,
Tesco and Giant
Private and local schools
Shops and hospital
Population 19,484 people
Awards „Best Town Planning Scheme Award‟ by the
Malaysian Institute of Planners, Malaysia in 1997
„Best Neighbourhood Landscape in Selangor‟ by
the Selangor State government in 2001
Source: Sime Darby Property website (http://www.simedarbyproperty.com)
FIGURE 3.3
SITE PLAN
SOURCE : STUDY OF PERCEPTION OF
RESIDENTS TOWARDS GREEN
DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES
BUKIT JELUTONG
TENTERA UDARA DIRAJA MALAYSIA
TAMAN BOTANI NASIONAL BUKIT CAHAYA
SHAH ALAM
Lebuhraya Lembah Klang Utara
Lebuhra
ya G
uth
rie
SCALE 1 INCH : 6 CHAIN
LEGEND
STUDY AREA AT
BUKIT JELUTONG
52
3.3 Background of Study Area
Launched in 1995, Bukit Jelutong‟s population nowadays is estimated about 19,484
people. The majority of development in this area is mainly residential areas, which
consist of bungalow houses, semi-detached houses, terrace houses and apartments.
Other land uses contained in this area are business, industry, institution and
government, and recreational.
There are currently 14 „precints‟ in this residential area that simply identified by their
street names as shows in Table 3.2 and Figure 3.4:
Table 3.2: Street Names in Bukit Jelutong
Street Names
A) Greenland B) Parkland
C) Menara Mihrab D) Lagenda
E) Bidai F) Adang
G) Kubah H) Serambi
I) Rabung J) Titian
K) Ubin L) Birai
M) Tropika N) D‟ Puncak
Source: Bukit Jelutong Residents Association (BJRA)
53
Figure 3.4: Location of Street Names in Bukit Jelutong
Source: maps.google.com.my
The relations among the people here are very close and always take care of each
other. They will jointly carry out activities to foster a closer relationship, regardless
of race and religion. In addition, the safety and well-being among them also be
covered actively by information and discussion on social networking like Facebook
and their resident‟s association official website.
The best part is, Bukit Jelutong received the „Best Town Planning Scheme Award‟ by
the Malaysian Institute of Planners, Malaysia in 1997 and also the „Best
54
Neighbourhood Landscape in Selangor‟ awarded by the Selangor State government in
2001. This shows that Bukit Jelutong has been recognized on the effectiveness of the
planning by applying the elements of good neighbourhood and it should be emulated
by other developers.
3.3.1 Bukit Jelutong Residents Association (BJRA)
Bukit Jelutong Residents Association is a voluntary and non-profit organization for
the Bukit Jelutong‟s residents. It is managed by residents who are voted in as office
bearers in their Annual General Meeting. The office bearers do not receive any
allowances, privileges or any payment for serving the community because they simply
volunteer their time and effort, whether appreciated or not.
BJRA main purpose is highlighting issues for community including sub-communities
of Bukit Jelutong. In addition, they also are supporting community-based activities
for the sake of the residents and the community.
BJRA also work closely with relevant authorities in ensuring the community interest.
Among the authorities are Majlis Perwakilan Penduduk (MPP), Majlis Bandaraya
Shah Alam, Sime Darby Property, Polis Di Raja Malaysia, Pasukan Bomba dan
Penyelamat and a few more.
Besides, this association has an official website of www.bjra.com.my, managed by the
secretary of the association. Being a voluntary body, BJRA needs to support and
assistance of the community to facilitate every activity or case.
3.3.2 Majlis Perwakilan Penduduk (MPP) 19
Majlis Perwakilan Penduduk (MPP) 19 is a representative from local authority which
is Majlis Bandaraya Shah Alam to Bukit Jelutong area. It was chaired by YM Tengku
Ahmad Bin Tengku Kasim, which is MBSA Council Member. MPP 19 acts as an
intermediary for the residents of Bukit Jelutong make any complaints and requests on
55
their residential areas to MBSA. Each complaint and a request will be discussed
together with this representative from MBSA, residents, Bukit Jelutong Residents
Association and Sime Darby Property as developer.
MPP 19 is working with BJRA and developers to jointly hear and help if residents
have problems. This body actively monitor the progress of the residents through the
meetings are made once a month. Close cooperation between them will help to look
after the welfare and safety of the residents. It also shows the good relationship
among them that must be followed by others residential area.
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Figure 3.5 : MBSA Residents‟ Representative Council‟s Members
Source : www.mbsa.gov.my
57
3.4 Green Development Practices in Bukit Jelutong
Bukit Jelutong Residents Association, Sime Darby Property, MPP 19 and community
in Bukit Jelutong are very active and concerned particularly about the environment.
They will cooperate and participate in organized activities whether from their own
community or participate in activities conducted by external parties.
3.4.1 Community Recycling Program
I. Taiwan Buddhist Tzu Chi Foundation Malaysia
Recycling is the main program adopting in Bukit Jelutong residential area to
pursuit towards green development. This program was started around three or
four years ago that runs at one whole street at Kubah area. The program is an
ongoing activity every third Sunday of the month. This recycling program
actually is a joint program with a Buddhist NGO called Taiwan Buddhist Tzu
Chi Foundation Malaysia. Bukit Jelutong Residents Association and MPP 19
in cooperation with the Buddhist NGO aim to protect the natural beauty of
earth and make a cleaner environment.
Taiwan Buddhist Tzu Chi Foundation Malaysia is an NGO‟s body which have
recycling program in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor. Bukit Jelutong is one of
the recycle points which the program is operating every month. Tzu Chi
offices missions is to protect the environment and they actively promoted by
educating the public to give an awareness of the environmental changes. The
activity has been gaining good response and acceptance by the public and
schools at the same time increased awareness and brought many new members
into Tzu Chi. Besides, this body also has other branches in Peninsular
Malaysia and East Malaysia.
Apart of it, the initiative By Tzu Chi in promoting environmental protection
has been well recognized. The State Government presented the “Environment
Merit Award” to their Kota Kinabalu branch on 14 July 2001. While on 9
58
November 2003 and 18 December 2004 respectively, the Prime Minister at
that time has given the “Award for Supporting National Environmental
Protection Plan” at Kuala Lumpur Branch. Dato‟ Seri Ong Ka Ting, Minister
of Housing and Local Government at that time have visited Tzu Chi‟s
recycling centers in Kuala Lumpur branch. The “Award on Recycling for
Caring Society” from the Ministry of Housing and Local Government has
been given for their efforts in protecting the environment and the Minister
commented that other organizations should emulate and learn from Tzu Chi‟s
effort.
Recently, there was a proposal from Bukit Jelutong Residents Association,
MPP 19 and the Buddhist NGO to open a recycling center on site that have
been identified in the commercial area at D‟ Pangkin.
Photo 3.1 : The Proposed Recycling Center
II. Community Recycle for Charity (CRC)
Community Recycle for Charity or known as CRC (Ren Ren) is an external
body of Bukit Jelutong. It is not the initiative of BJRA and MPP 19.
Basically, CRC (Ren Ren) is a non-profit body, registered and a government
approved organization. It is founded on the year of 2008 armed with the goal
to serve communities by helping those who are in need regardless of neither
race nor religion. CRC (Ren Ren) is dedicated to create tools and services to
make charitable giving part of everyday lives. They exist to play a proactive
59
role to serve the needy in communities by means of environmental friendly
practices of "recycling".
The vision of CRC (Ren Ren) is to generate ripples of love, happiness and
hope for the abandoned, the deprived, the abused, the sick and the
disadvantaged all around the world. They also dedicated to support
community and school projects worldwide to make a better of life. Charity is
beginning within their communities because they play a powerful force behind
their development as a whole.
The goal of CRC (Ren Ren) is to connect communities with charities that
communities care about in the most convenient, reliable and in as secure
manner as possible. It is not limited to one type of Charity because they are
not only helping everyone that needs help but most importantly involve
anyone who wants to help.
Photo 3.2 : The CRC Yellow Box
Located in Several Areas
Of Bukit Jelutong
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3.4.2 School Recycling Program
School recycling program is a joint idea by BJRA and MPP by targeting secondary
school students in Bukit Jelutong under the Kelab Cinta Sayang of school. This
program is a competition between students to generate ideas of the so-called 'ideas
tree' on the environment of the area, written on a cards and hung on the tree replicas
made. The organizer will select some of the best ideas and implement these ideas in
Bukit Jelutong.
This program will promote environmental awareness to school students so that they
have early awareness of the importance of preserving the environment.
3.4.3 Billboard
Proposed construction of billboards containing environmental messages is a proposal
from BJRA and MPP 19. The Sime Darby Property as a developer of Bukit Jelutong
has sponsored billboards to be placed on the main route of Bukit Jelutong area.
Photo 3.3 : The „Ideas Tree‟ With
Ideas To Promote
Environmental
Awareness
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3.4.4 Gotong-Royong
Gotong-royong is an activity that is done by each precint by precint residents
respectively. For the purpose of this activity, the MBSA has provided facilities such
as equipment for residents to clean the area. In addition, apart from cleaning the
garbage and waste materials, they also remove the illegal signboard or banners so as
not to be contaminated and worsen the view.
Photo 3.5 : Speeches From Representatives
of MBSA Before The Gotong-
Royong Started
Source : www.bjra.com.my
Photo 3.6 : The Participants Were
Clearing The Area
Source : www.bjra.com.my
Photo 3.4 : The Proposed Billboard Which
Contains Environmental
Messages
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3.4.5 Community Carnival
Carnival of the community was held in 2011 in a big-scale program to attract
residents to come to the carnival. There are exhibitions on activities promoting the
environment. For example, there is a booth of Nokia Telecommunications Companies
that accept old mobile phones to be recycled by them. Lucky draw are available and a
new mobile phone which is sponsored by Nokia as the prize. This event can attract
and educate residents so that they do not throw technology things arbitrarily.
3.4.6 Community Orchard
Community orchard contains fruits and trees planting on MBSA land. It began to be
planted since year 2005 in which fruits and trees provided by the Sime Darby. Other
than planting trees and fruits together, residents also enjoy the results when the trees
are fruiting. This indirectly benefit to the residents and the environment.
3.4.7 Landscaping the Roundabout
This idea to landscaping the roundabout is comes from BJRA and MPP 19. In each
Roundabout will be planted landscape trees that are appropriate for the beautification
of view and support tree planting in residential areas. Preparation of landscape trees
are by the MBSA and the trees planted by the Sime Darby Property.
3.4.8 Rain Water Harvesting
Other green development practices in Bukit Jelutong residential area is the provision
of rain water harvesting which available at the new phase of semi-d and bungalow
houses. The harvesting mechanism is built by Sime Darby Property and included in
the house design.
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Photo 3.7 : Before The Installation
Of Rain Water Harvesting
Source : www.myhomepalm.com
Rain water harvesting roof water harvesting function is to collect, storage and
distribute the rain water from the roof for housing and business using inside and
outside. The reticulated water supplies are now available to communities and many
of them choose to apply rain water harvesting that collected from the roof and stored
in tanks or other vessels to supply their water requirements. As an ideal source for
people‟s water requirements, it can reduce the use of water pipes wasteful to do daily
activities at home
Photo 3.8 : After The Completed
Installation Of Rain
Water Harvesting
Source : www.myhomepalm.com
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3.5 Summary
As summary, Bukit Jelutong is a well-planned residential area which the developer
has already plans the development that applying the elements of green development.
Besides, the BJRA and MPP 19 also play important role in ensuring environmental
activities can be done to safeguard the environment welfare in Bukit Jelutong. This
clearly shows that the developer together with BJRA and MPP 19 has the awareness
of the importance of green development in the area of development. In addition,
external bodies involved in ensuring environmental initiatives do also assist in
ensuring the BJ area protected in terms of environmental care.
The developer has large role in ensuring that the planning of green development on a
continuing basis with the assistance of residents' associations, NGO‟s and local
authorities to Bukit Jelutong. Residents of Bukit Jelutong also very lucky to have
parties that looks after the welfare of them to be able to enjoy a healthy environment
as well as good health.
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CHAPTER 4
ANALYSIS AND FINDING
4.1 Introduction
This chapter encompasses the analysis and findings based on the survey that was done
through the questionnaire and interview methods. The findings will guide to carry out
the recommendations for overcoming the issues. The content of the questions is to
determine the residents experience with green development practices, the information
of it and their opinion and suggestion to improve the weaknesses. Furthermore, there
are interview questions addressed to the related representatives in Bukit Jelutong
containing of questions such as the involvement of external parties, green
development practices and opinion and suggestion.
The result from the analysis will show the awareness’s level of residents regarding
green development practices in their area. In addition, some information about the
involvement of related representatives in Bukit Jelutong also be considered to assist in
this study so that the problems from high-level parties can be identified. It is hoped
that the results can help identify the problems in detail as well able to produce
constructive ideas for the proposals for their own good together.
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4.2 Data Collection Method
In this study, there are two methods of collecting the data to obtain information on the
primary data which is through questionnaire and interview. After the surveys
conducted, the data will be processed and analyzed to obtain the findings. Analysis of
data obtained through the method of entering the data in Statistical Package for the
Social Sciences (SPSS) 14.0 for windows software and come out with table, graph
and others form of data presentation that related to facilitate understanding of the
survey analysis. In addition, other method in analyzing is descriptive analysis
technique that describes in detail the analysis performed. It is described by an
explanation and description of the study for a clear understanding.
4.2.1 Questionnaire
The first method of survey is through questionnaire. Questionnaire method requires
the input by residents of Bukit Jelutong, Shah Alam about their perception towards
green development practices. They were selected at random in the area. It can help to
get information directly from respondents.
4.2.2 Interview
Second method of survey in this study is interview. The interview was conducted on
the representative of developer from Sime Darby Property, as a developer that
manages development in Bukit Jelutong. Besides, the representatives from Bukit
Jelutong Residents Association which their president and the former president were
also interviewed to know their views in detail on green development in Bukit
Jelutong. The interview also was conducted to the representative head of the street.
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4.3 The Number of Sample
Sampling method is a method in which a total number of respondents to represent the
real total number of respondents in study area. In this study, the sample is identified
on the basis of simple random sampling. This sampling technique assures each
element in the population has an equal chance of being included in the sample. The
number of sample is determined according to the type of respondent.
4.3.1 Residents of Bukit Jelutong
In the survey method for questionnaire, the number of sample is determined by
entering the data into software called Sample Size Calculator by Raosoft, Inc. from
website link which is, www.raosoft.com in order to identify the sample size. To
obtain the sample size, the software requires data on margin of error, confidence level,
the population size and the response distribution. Below are the details in obtaining
the sample size for questionnaire in this study.
Table 4.1 : Sample Size
Question Answer
What margin of error can you accept? 10 %
What confidence level do you need? 90 %
What is the population size? 19,484 people
What is the response distribution? 50 %
Recommended sample size 68
Source : www.raosoft.com/samplesize.html
By inserting the answers in the space required, the recommended sample size is 68
respondents, which necessary in making this survey to the residents of Bukit Jelutong.
68
4.3.2 Developer, Bukit Jelutong Residents Association (BJRA)’s Member and Head
of the Street in Bukit Jelutong.
Four representatives were interviewed, one was from representative of developer
which is Sime Darby Property, two were from Bukit Jelutong Residents Association
while one is the head of the Street in Bukit Jelutong. Interviews with all these
representatives from different bodies were to obtain comparative information relating
to the application of green development in Bukit Jelutong.
69
4.4 Questionnaire Analysis
Questionnaire analysis is divided into four parts. Part A is about the personal
particulars of respondents. Part B consists of resident’s experiences with green
development practices. Part C is about the information on green development, while
Part D is regarding the opinion and suggestion from residents. There are questions
that allow respondents marked more than one options.
4.4.1 Part A (Personal Particulars)
Personal particulars explain the background information of the respondent which
consists of age, gender, race, status and occupation. This section is important to make
the data become more accurate.
Table 4.2 : Cross Tabulation Between Age and Gender
Gender Total
Age Male Female
<25 years 3 12 15
25 - 50 years 19 24 43
51 - 65 years 3 5 8
>65 years 1 1 2
Total 26 42 68
Table 4.2 indicate the cross tabulation between age and gender of respondents. Age
group of 25 – 50 years recorded the highest number with total of 43 respondents
which consist of male by 19 respondents while female are 24 respondents. This is
because, this group belongs to those who are still actively working as well having
higher knowledge and understanding of green development application. Age group
more than 65 years is the lowest group as respondent in this survey which only 1 male
and 1 female involved. Female group is the largest number of respondents who
answered this questionnaire with 42 respondents. This is because, the female groups
are more easily approached to answer this questionnaire.
70
Table 4.3 : Cross Tabulation Between Race and Status
Status Total
Race Single Married
Malay 12 38 50
Chinese 4 9 13
Indian 1 3 4
British 0 1 1
Total 17 51 68
Based on Table 4.3, the relationship between race and status of respondent shows the
highest number comes from Malay race which is half of the total respondents (50
respondents) with the 38 of them are married while 12 Malay respondents are single.
Malay respondents are more likely to cooperate to spend time answering. There are
13 respondents are Chinese as the second highest of respondent with 9 respondents
are married and 4 unmarried. It followed by Indian with 4 respondents, 3 of them are
married while the other 1 is single. Besides, there is one British respondent as the
lowest number of respondent who had lived about four years in Bukit Jelutong and are
married with the local. It is noted, the respondents who were married answering this
questionnaire as the majority of residents in Bukit Jelutong already have a family and
own home.
Table 4.4 : Cross Tabulation Between Occupation and Age
Age Total
Occupation <25 years 25 - 50 years 51 - 65 years >65 years
Government Sector 4 8 4 0 16
Private Sector 4 23 1 0 28
Own work 0 8 1 0 9
Student 6 0 0 0 6
Retired 0 0 2 2 4
Housewife 0 4 0 0 4
Jobless 1 0 0 0 1
Total 15 43 8 2 68
In Table 4.4 above, the relationship between occupation and age are shows that there
are 28 respondents work at private sector with the majority of them (23 respondents)
in the range age of 25 – 50 years which in the active group work. It was followed by
71
respondents who worked in the government sector of 16 respondents, 8 of them age
within 25 – 50 years. Other respondents consist of own work with 9 respondents with
most of them (8 respondents) aged are in 25 – 50 years, while student who are aged
less 25 years with 6 respondents, respondents who has retired and housewife
respectively of 4 respondents and 1 respondent of jobless.
4.4.2 Part B (Resident’s Experiences)
This question asked the respondents about the green development practices
implemented in their area and the obstacle that they faced to apply this practices.
Table 4.5 : Green Development Practices Implemented in Bukit Jelutong
Table 4.5 shows most respondents said that recycling is the green development
practices implemented in Bukit Jelutong with 88.2 percent (60 respondents). Second
is neighbourhood farm and garden with 36.8 percent (25 respondents). While 22.1
percent (15 respondents) said that using renewable energy such as solar and gotong-
royong are the green development practices implemented in their area. Rain water
harvesting and flood detention only recorded 5.9 percent (4 respondents) and 1.5
percent (1 respondent) respectively.
This shows that residents of Bukit Jelutong more aware and concern with recycling
practices implemented in their area compared with other practices
Frequency
Total Percent
(%) Yes No
Practices Number Percent (%) Number Percent (%)
Recycling 60 88.2 8 11.8 68 100.0
Using
renewable
energy
15 22.1 53 77.9 68 100.0
Rain water
harvesting 4 5.9 64 94.1 68 100.0
Gotong-royong 15 22.1 53 77.9 68 100.0
Neighbourhood
farm and
garden
25 36.8 43 63.2 68 100.0
Flood
detention 1 1.5 67 98.5 68 100.0
72
Table 4.6 : Awareness About The Green Development Practices in Bukit Jelutong
Aware
Frequency
Number Percent (%)
Yes 63 92.6
No 5 7.4
Total 68 100.0
Table 4.6 represent whether residents are aware or not with green development
practices in Bukit Jelutong. There are 92.6 percent (63 respondents) are aware with
green development practices in their area which shows their concern to the
environment. The others 7.4 percent (5 respondents) are not aware with green
development practices in their area.
As a whole, residents of Bukit Jelutong showed high levels of concern for green
development practices in their area.
Table 4.7 : Cross Tabulation Between Green Development Activities or Programs
Involved in Bukit Jelutong and Frequency
Activities or
Programs
Frequency
Total Once a
week
Once a
month
Once a
year
Daily
basis Never
Recycling
Yes 21 27 2 2 0 52
No 0 0 0 0 16 16
Total
21 27 2 2 16 68
Gotong-royong
Yes 3 10 9 0 0 22
No 0 0 0 0 46 46
Total
3 10 9 0 46 68
Neighbourhood
farm and
garden
Yes 12 9 7 0 0 28
No 0 0 0 0 40 40
Total
12 9 7 0 40 68
Table 4.7 shows the relationship between green development activities or programs
that residents have involved and the frequency of the practice. Recycling has the
highest number of respondents to involved in this activity or program with 52
respondents which 27 respondents doing once a month while other 21 respondents
doing once a week, 2 respondents doing once a year and 2 more respondents make it
73
as daily basis. Second highest activity or program is neighbourhood farm and garden
which 28 respondents involved every once a week as the most common of the total
number 12 respondents, 9 respondents did once a month and 7 respondents just once a
year. Next is gotong-royong activity with 22 respondents involved which 10
respondents did once a month, 9 respondents did once a year and only 3 respondents
did once a week.
Based on the analysis, it shows that recycling is the most activity or program that
residents of Bukit Jelutong involved since there is a recycling program of the NGO’s
body every month and on self-awareness.
74
Table 4.8 : Common Obstacle Faced Doing Green Development Practices
Figure 4.1 : Common Obstacle Faced
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
58
.8%
47
.1%
30
.9%
26
.5% 39
.7%
1.5
%
7.4
% 16
.2%
25
.0%
17
.6%
1.5
%
41
.2% 52
.9% 6
9.1
%
73
.5%
60
.3%
98
.5%
92
.6%
83
.8%
75
.0%
82
.4% 9
8.5
%
Nu
mb
er
Obstacles
Common Obstacle Faced
Yes
No
Obstacles
Frequency
Total Percent
(%) Yes No
Number Percent (%) Number Percent (%)
Lack of
information 40 58.8 28 41.2 68 100.0
Lack of awareness 32 47.1 36 52.9 68 100.0
Shortage of
knowledge 21 30.9 47 69.1 68 100.0
Inadequate
facilities 18 26.5 50 73.5 68 100.0
Lack of program 27 39.7 41 60.3 68 100.0
Uncertain risks 1 1.5 67 98.5 68 100.0
Lack of familiarity
with technology 5 7.4 63 92.6 68 100.0
Not provided by
developer 11 16.2 57 83.8 68 100.0
No time to meet
the practical 17 25.0 51 75.0 68 100.0
High operating
costs 12 17.6 56 82.4 68 100.0
None 1 1.5 67 98.5 68 100.0
75
Table 4.8 and Figure 4.1 show the common obstacle faced by residents in doing green
development practices. More than half respondents which 58.8 percent (40
respondents) said that lack of information as the main obstacle they faced. This
followed by lack of awareness by residents where 47.1 percent (32 respondents) think
so. Next is the lack of programs available in their area which 39.7 percent (27
respondents) said that. Meanwhile, there are 30.9 percent (21 respondents) said that
shortage of knowledge as the obstacle they faced in doing green development
practices. Furthermore, other respondents stated that the other problems they face are
inadequate facilities which 26.5 percent (18 respondents), no time to meet the
practical which 25.0 percent (17 respondents), high operating costs which 17.6
percent (12 respondents), not provided by developer which 16.2 percent (11
respondents), lack of familiarity with technology which 7.4 percent (5 respondents),
uncertain risks which 1.5 percent (1 respondent) and there is 1 respondent (1.5
percent) said that no problems faced in doing green development practices.
Based on analysis above, it can be conclude that the lack of information as the main
obstacle respondents faced since the application of green development is still new in
Malaysia, therefore the information from government to educate the people of
Malaysia still lack. The effect of that, it causes the residents has less awareness of
green development application. In addition, lack of programs provided by the parties
such as resident’s association, developer and local authority make the residents less
involved in activities involving the green development practices.
76
4.4.3 Part C (Information on Green Development)
Part C contains the analysis of relevant information relating to green development that
respondents are obtained and needed.
Table 4.9 : Find The Information
Sources
Frequency
Total Percent
(%) Yes No
Number Percent (%) Number Percent (%)
Internet 52 76.5 16 23.5 68 100.0
Residents
association 12 17.6 56 82.4 68 100.0
PBT / MBSA 4 5.9 64 94.1 68 100.0
Developer 12 17.6 56 82.4 68 100.0
Conferences 9 13.2 59 86.8 68 100.0
Books 23 33.8 45 66.2 68 100.0
Magazines 31 45.6 37 54.4 68 100.0
Newspaper 14 20.6 54 79.4 68 100.0
Recycle
company 1 1.5 67 98.5 68 100.0
School 1 1.5 67 98.5 68 100.0
Figure 4.2 : Find The Information
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
76
.5%
17
.6%
5.9
% 17
.6%
13
.2%
33
.8%
45
.6%
20
.6%
1.5
%
1.5
%
23
.5%
82
.4% 94
.1%
82
.4%
86
.8%
66
.2%
54
.5%
79
.4% 9
8.5
%
98
.5%
Nu
mb
er
Information
Find The Information
Yes
No
77
According to Table 4.9 and Figure 4.2 above, the highest sources for respondents to
find the information on green development is from the internet with 76.5 percent (52
respondents). Second is from magazines with 45.6 percent (31 respondents). Books
are the third highest with 33.8 percent (23 respondents). It followed by newspaper
which 20.6 percent (14 respondents). Residents’ association and developer are also a
source of information to respondents, which 17.6 percent (12 respondents)
respectively say it. Other information sources are from conferences with 13.2 percent
(9 respondents), PBT (local authority) which is MBSA with 5.9 percent (4
respondents), recycle company and school with 1.5 percent (1 respondent)
respectively.
Based on the above statistics, internet is the main source of information because
internet is the fast and broad medium that makes people easy to get more information
about green development.
Table 4.10 : Information Needed
Information
Needed
Frequency
Total Percent
(%) Yes No
Number Percent (%) Number Percent (%)
Practical resource
centre 27 39.7 41 60.3 68 100.0
Case studies on
implementing
program
9 13.2 59 86.8 68 100.0
List of activities
or programs 37 54.4 31 45.6 68 100.0
Detail explanation
about green
development
37 54.4 31 45.6 68 100.0
Cost to implement
program 13 19.1 55 80.9 68 100.0
Benefit of the
program 31 45.6 37 54.4 68 100.0
Risks may be
related to green
practices
8 11.8 60 88.2 68 100.0
78
Figure 4.3 : Information Needed
Table 4.10 and Figure 4.3 indicate the types of information needed by respondents on
green development. The highest statistics with 54.4 percent (37 respondents)
respectively shows two types of information needed by respondents which are the list
of activities or programs and the detail explanation about green development. The
second highest is 45.6 percent (31 respondents) need information about the benefit of
the program. Next is 39.7 percent (27 respondents) need practical resource centre to
give them more information in practicing green development. Meanwhile, there is
only 13.2 percent (9 respondents) need information from case studies on
implementing program and 11.8 percent (8 respondents) want to know risks may be
related to green practices.
As a whole, residents of Bukit Jelutong are more concern with the green development
activities or programs in their area together with the detail explanation because they
have lack of information about this application and they also has stated that there is
0
10
20
30
40
50
603
9.7
%
13
.2%
54
.4%
54
.4%
19
.1%
45
.6%
11
.8%
60
.3%
86
.8%
45
.6%
45
.6%
80
.9%
54
.4%
88
.2%
Nu
mb
er
Information
Information Needed
Yes
No
79
lack of program implemented in their area. Furthermore, practical resource centre
also need to provide so that it is easy for them to practice.
4.4.4 Part D (Opinion and Suggestion)
This part consists of respondents’ opinion about green development practices they
think according to how the current practice, how the important, what are the
significance and how to implement green development to educate residents. In
addition, the recommendation from respondents also asked for improvement of green
development practices.
Table 4.11 : The level of Current Practice of Green Development in Bukit Jelutong
and Malaysia
Level Bukit Jelutong Malaysia
Number Percent (%) Number Percent (%)
Excellent 18 26.5 0 0.0
Good 19 27.9 14 20.6
Moderate 17 25.0 28 41.2
Poor 13 19.1 22 32.4
Very poor 1 1.5 4 5.9
Total 68 100.0 68 100.0
Table 4.11 shows the level of current practice of green development in Bukit Jelutong
and Malaysia. The highest percentage which is 27.9 percent (19 respondents) said
Bukit Jelutong is good for the current practice of green development. While there is
only 1 respondent (1.5 percent) stated very poor.
Meanwhile for Malaysia, a total of 41.2 percent (28 respondents) as the highest, feel
moderate to the level of current practice of green development. None of respondent
stated excellent to the level of current practice in Malaysia.
This can be concluded, the level of current practice in Bukit Jelutong is good because
there are activities or programs provided by the cooperation of BJRA, Sime Darby
Property and MPP 19 (representatives of MBSA) that encourage residents to practice
green development in their residential area. For Malaysia, the level of current
80
practice of green development is just moderate because there is lack of activities or
programs provided by our government as our Malaysians have less awareness about
green development.
Table 4.12 : The Level of Important of Green Development Practice to Every
Community
Level Frequency
Number Percent (%)
Strongly agree 46 67.6
Agree 19 27.9
Neutral 3 4.4
Disagree 0 0.0
Strongly disagree 0 0.0
Total 68 100.0
By referring Table 4.12, the question is about how respondents feel the important of
green development practice to every community. More than half respondents which
is 67.6 percent (46 respondents) said strongly agree to practice green development.
There are 27.9 percent (19 respondents) agree with the important of green
development practice while only 4.4 percent (3 respondents) feel neutral.
It clearly shows green development practice is very important to every community.
Table 4.13 : Significance in Practicing Green Development
Significance
Frequency
Total Percent
(%) Yes No
Number Percent (%) Number Percent (%)
Good health 45 66.2 23 33.8 68 100.0
Healthy
environment 58 85.3 10 14.7 68 100.0
Improve
environmental
awareness
32 47.1 36 52.9 68 100.0
Enhance
knowledge of
environmental
management
20 29.4 48 70.6 68 100.0
Better value of
assets 20 29.4 48 70.6 68 100.0
81
Figure 4.4 : Significance in Practicing Green Development
Table 4.13 and Figure 4.4 indicate the significance in practicing green development.
Majority of respondents with 85.3 percent (58 respondents) said green development
has give significance to a healthy environment. Besides, 66.2 percent (45
respondents) felt that green development gives good health to human. Improve the
environmental awareness of human recorded 47.1 percent (32 respondents) while
others 29.4 percent (20 respondents) respectively for enhancing knowledge of
environmental management and gives better value for assets for their housing area.
Based on the above statistics, it shows that respondents are aware of the importance of
protecting the environment to be in good condition. Awareness of the respondents to
protect the environment by the fact that environmental conditions on earth now
increasingly threatened with environmental degradation due to human action itself. In
addition, the importance of protecting the environment through green development
practices has an impact on good human health such as benefit from planting trees,
recycling, gotong-royong and so on.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Good health Healthy
environment
Improve
environmental
awareness
Enhance
knowledge of
environmental
management
Better value
of assets
66
.2%
85
.3%
47
.1%
29
.4%
29
.4%
33
.8%
14
.7%
52
.9%
70
.6%
70
.6%
Nu
mb
er
Significance
Significance in Practicing Green Development
Yes
No
82
Table 4.14 : Implementation of Green Development Practices
Frequency
Total Percent
(%) Yes No
Number Percent (%) Number Percent (%)
Voluntary 34 50.0 34 50.0 68 100.0
Regulatory 36 52.9 32 47.1 68 100.0
Table 4.14 shows on how to implement green development practices to educate
residents. 52.9 percent (36 respondents) felt that the imposing regulatory should be
done to educate people to adopt green development. While 50.0 percent (34
respondents) stated, people need to do voluntary in practicing green development.
According to the above statistics, this can be concluded that imposing regulatory is
the best way to educate the residents in implementing green development practices as
people are used to do something when given instructions. However, the spirit of
volunteerism to do something also helps on making people more aware to the
importance of green development on the environment.
Table 4.15 : Recommended Improvements
Recommended
Frequency
Total Percent
(%) Yes No
Number Percent (%) Number Percent (%)
Increase the
number of activity
or program
45 66.2 23 33.8 68 100.0
Diversify the
green development
practices
21 30.9 47 69.1 68 100.0
Reduced operating
costs 14 20.6 54 79.4 68 100.0
Offer guidance for
green development
practices
35 51.5 33 48.5 68 100.0
Enhance the
numbers of
involvement from
government and
private bodies
23 33.8 45 66.2 68 100.0
83
Figure 4.5 : Recommended Improvement
The recommendations for improvement from respondents are shows in Table 4.15 and
Figure 4.5 above. The highest percentage comes from, increase the number of
activity or program which is 66.2 percent (45 respondents). Next, 51.5 percent (35
respondents) felt that offer guidance for green development practices for improving.
It followed by 33.8 percent (23 respondents) want to enhance the numbers of
involvement from government and private bodies, 30.9 percent (21 respondents) need
to diversify the green development practices while 20.6 percent (14 respondents)
expect the operating costs of green development will be reduced.
Based on the above analysis, it clearly shows that residents of Bukit Jelutong need
more activities or programs provided by the related parties to encourage them
involved in green development practices. In addition, they also want some guidance
to help them knows better and understand how to practice the application of green
development. Last but not least, the involvement of government and private bodies
should be enhancing to ensure green development as a way to develop the
environmental awareness in Malaysia.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Increase the
number of
activity or
program
Diversify the
green
development
practices
Reduced
operating costs
Offer guidance
for green
development
practices
Enhance the
numbers of
involvement
from
government
and private
bodies
66
.2%
30
.9%
20
.6%
51
.5%
33
.8%
33
.8%
69
.1% 79
.4%
48
.5%
66
.2%
Nu
mb
er
Recommended
Recommended Improvements
Yes
No
84
I. Other opinions
There is question that requires respondents to give their other opinions about green
development. The highest suggestion from respondents is to enhance public
awareness and understanding as well as planting more green plants which consists of
5.9 percent (4 respondents) respectively. Next is 4.4 percent (3 respondents) think
there is needed to provide efficient services by rubbish or waste collectors for
cleanliness at their area. It followed by provide landscaping, improvement in green
development sector by government and provide more facilities with 2.9 percent (2
respondents) respectively. In addition, 1.5 percent (1 respondent) respectively said
green development is the way forward and may refer to other country that more
advance in green development. There are 76.5 percent (52 respondents) did not state
their other opinion.
According to the above analysis, public awareness and understanding is the important
thing to be enhanced because every single act requires awareness and understanding
before can act. Besides, planting more green plants can help protect the environment,
thus helping to improve the quality of human health.
85
4.5 Interview Analysis
Interview analysis is divided into four parts. Part A is about the position’s background
of interviewee. Part B consists of the external parties involve with green development
practices in Bukit Jelutong. Part C is about their perception on green development
practices towards residents, while Part D consists of their opinion and suggestion.
There are questions that allow interviewee marked more than one options.
4.5.1 Part A (Position’s Background)
This part is about the position’s background of interviewee. From the Table 4.16, it is
cross tabulation between the position and position period of interviewee. There are
two interviewee are Bukit Jelutong Residents Association’s member which one of
them have almost one year experience with this association as the current president
while another one have 7 years experience with BJRA as former president. There
also one representative from head of the street in Bukit Jelutong area which have one
year experience while one representative from developer (Sime Darby Property) that
have 4 years experience managing the development in Bukit Jelutong.
Table 4.16 : Cross Tabulation Between Position and Position Period
Position period
Total
Position Within a year
More than one
year
Bukit Jelutong Residents Association
(BJRA)'s member 1 1 2
Head of the streets 1 0 1
Developer 0 1 1
Total 2 2 4
The position’s background of interviewee is important to know in terms of their
experience with study area because the longer they are in the position, the more
experience they have to manage and understand the situation on green development
practices in Bukit Jelutong.
86
4.5.2 Part B (External Parties Involvement)
Part B describes the involvement of external parties who propose and manage all
activities of green development in Bukit Jelutong.
Table 4.17 : External Parties Involved
Frequency
Total Percent
(%) Yes No
Number Percent (%) Number Percent (%)
PBT / MBSA 4 100.0 0 0.0 4 100.0
NGO's body 4 100.0 0 0.0 4 100.0
Politicians 0 0.0 4 100.0 4 100.0
Students 0 0.0 4 100.0 4 100.0
Volunteers 3 75.0 1 25.0 4 100.0
Developer 4 100.0 0 0.0 4 100.0
Table 4.17 is about the external parties involved in green development activities or
programs. 100 percent (4 respondents) of interviewees said the external parties are
from PBT (local authority) which is MBSA, NGO’s body and developer (Sime Darby
Property). While 75.0 percent (3 respondents) of them stated there is a volunteer also
involved in the activities or programs. None of politicians and students is involved in
the activities or programs.
As a whole, there are the parties involved in green development activities or programs
in Bukit Jelutong actively to ensure this area protected in terms of environmental care.
Table 4.18 : Level of Involvement of External Parties
Frequency
Number Percent (%)
Excellent 2 50.0
Good 2 50.0
Moderate 0 0.0
Poor 0 0.0
Very poor 0 0.0
Total 4 100.0
87
Based on the Table 4.18, the level of involvement of external parties is identified
which shows, 50 percent (2 respondents) of interviewee respectively said excellent
and good.
This can be concluded, the level of involvement of external parties is very good and in
a very satisfactory level. This might be because they are actively in promoting green
development practices to this area.
Table 4.19 : Cross Tabulation Between Parties Name and Financial Resource
Provided
Frequency
Total Percent
(%) Yes No
Parties Name Number Percent
(%) Number
Percent
(%)
BJRA 2 50.0 2 50.0 4 100.0
Developer (Sime
Darby Property) 4 100.0 0 0.0 4 100.0
Table 4.19 shows the relationship between the names of the parties with whether any
of the parties provided financial resource for organizing each activity or program.
Developer (Sime Darby Property) shows the highest percentage which is 100.0
percent (4 respondents) said developer has provided financial resource. Besides,
BJRA also provided financial resource with 50.0 percent (2 respondents) has stated.
Based on the above analysis, developer play an important role in providing financial
resources to conduct all activities as they have much larger funds than funds by BJRA
that available only through donations.
88
4.5.3 Part C (Green Development Practices)
Part C focuses on the perception of interviewee on the condition of green
development practices towards residents.
Table 4.20 : Period of Green Development Have Been Practiced
Frequency
Number Percent (%)
3 years 1 25.0
10 years 1 25.0
13 years 2 50.0
Total 4 100.0
Table 4.20 indicates the period of green development have been practiced in Bukit
Jelutong. There are 50.0 percent (2 respondents) said green development have been
practiced almost 13 years. 25.0 percent (1 respondent) stated 10 years while another
one respondent (25.0 percent) said 3 years.
As a whole, green development practices have been practiced in Bukit Jelutong since
13 years ago based on the experience gained by the interviewee as permanent
residents who have lived in Bukit Jelutong since it opened. Moreover, the developer
actually had planned the green development before making development in Bukit
Jelutong because developers have a high environmental awareness.
Table 4.21 : Level of Acceptance By Residents
Level of Acceptance Frequency
Supportive 1
Good awareness 2
Lack of practicing 1
Good participation 1
Table 4.21 shows the level of acceptance of green development practices by residents.
Based on the interview, there are 2 respondents said that residents have good
awareness in terms of their acceptance. Meanwhile, 1 respondent respectively said
residents are supportive and have good in participation. While 1 respondent stated
residents have lack of practicing green development practices.
89
Based on the above statistics, it shows that residents have good acceptance on green
development practices in their area because they are aware about green development
and make them supportive and participate in the activities or programs. However, not
all of residents practice the green development practices even though they are
supportive and aware.
Table 4.22 : Residents Are Exposed About Green Development Practices
Frequency
Developer will call meeting 1
BJRA official website 3
BJRA official facebook 3
SMS 3
Banner 2
Table 4.22 shows how residents are exposed about green development practices in
Bukit Jelutong. There are many mediums stated by the interviewee. 3 respondents
respectively said residents are exposed from BJRA official website, BJRA official
Facebook and also through SMS. Furthermore, 2 respondents said through banner
while 1 respondent said the developer which is Sime Darby Property will call
meeting.
Through the analysis above, information technology is the main medium of exposing
residents because it is easy and fast. The presence of the banner is also important so
that residents will see the advertisements on green development promoted by the
parties concerned. In addition, developer will call residents’ representative for
example BJRA’s members and MPP’s members to discuss about the green
development activities or programs.
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Table 4.23 : Problems Faced
Frequency
Lack of follow up by MBSA 1
Lack of facilities 2
Residents attitude 1
Lack of initiatives by residents 1
Lack of commitment by residents 1
The problems faced by interviewee in implementing green development practices
shows in Table 4.23 above. 2 respondents claimed there is lack of facilities available
in Bukit Jelutong. Other than that have been highlighted that lack of follow up by
MBSA, residents’ attitude, lack of initiatives by residents and lack of commitment by
residents.
According to the above analysis, there are parties need to be concern with the
provision of the facilities. An organization body such as MBSA should give more
attention to provide facilities that residents need to implement green development
practices. It is not just in terms of money, but also regarding incentive of equipments
to apply in residents’ houses. Besides, MBSA should always follow up for every
circumstance in Bukit Jelutong because if MBSA lack to follow up for every problem,
all matters will be delayed. Furthermore, when there is lack of facilities, it will be
difficult for residents to cooperate in supporting at once not involve in green
development practices in Bukit Jelutong.
Table 4.24 : Financial Resource
Frequency
Developer's (Sime Darby Property) fund 4
BJRA's fund 3
Table 4.24 shows the financial resource for organizing each activity or program.
According to the interview that was conducted, they said that there are two parties
have provided the financial resource which is from developer’s fund and also from
BJRA’s fund.
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Through the above analysis, developer has provided almost financial resource for
organizing each activity or program because they have more funds and financial
resources.
Table 4.25 : Financial Provision For Each Activity or Program
Amount (RM)
Activities or Programs 1,000 3,000 10,000 50,000
Recycling
Renewable energy
Rain water harvesting
Gotong-royong
Neighbourhood farm and garden
Tree Planting
Landscaping
Carnival
Table 4.25 shows the amount of financial provision for each activity or program.
Gotong-royong and tree planting recorded the highest amount which is RM 50, 000
said by one interviewee respectively. Neighbourhood farm and garden recorded the
amount of RM 3, 000. Meanwhile, RM 1, 000 is provided for organizing tree
planting, landscaping and carnival.
As a whole, there are activities that require substantial financial allocation for the
success of these activities.
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4.5.4 Part D (Opinion and Suggestion)
Part D consists of the opinion and suggestion by the interviewee. Every opinion and
suggestion will assist in improving the management of green development practices in
Bukit Jelutong.
Table 4.26 : Effective of The Activity or Program
Frequency
Good support by the residents 1
Good involvement by residents for big event 2
Lack of support by residents for small-scale program 1
Good awareness by residents, BJRA and developer 1
Table 4.26 indicates how effective the activity or program that has organized is.
There are 2 respondents said good involvement by resident for big event.
Furthermore, 1 respondent respectively have been highlighted that good support by
the residents, lack of support by residents for small-scale program and good
awareness by residents, BJRA and developer.
Based on the above analysis, residents have given good support and involvement to
the activities or programs provided. However, it is for big event such as carnival, and
gotong-royong. For small-scale program, residents are less involved because the
program cannot attract them to support. Besides, the activities or programs show a
good awareness and cooperation between residents, BJRA and developer. It is
important to ensure every activity or program can run smoothly without any
arguments.
Table 4.27 : Recommended Actions
Frequency
Support from local authority (MBSA) 1
Provide more physical facilities 3
Provide more activities 1
Table 4.27 consists of the recommended actions for improvement on green
development in Bukit Jelutong. There are 3 respondents suggested to provide more
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physical facilities as the highest recommendation. While 1 respondent said need
support from local authority (MBSA) and 1 other respondent propose to provide more
activities.
Based on the above analysis, physical facilities for green development practices such
as practical centre for recycling are needed because there is lack of physical facilities
provided by the local authority or the developer. Local authority need to give support
in terms of provision of facilities, financial resource and so on. Furthermore, more
activities are needed to attract residents involved in green development practices thus
increasing their awareness.
Table 4.28 : Other Opinions
Frequency
Implement the green development initiatives instead of
just complaining 1
Good relationship between developer, residents
association, local authority and residents 2
Enhance the exposure of the green development from all
concerned parties 1
None 1
Other opinions also added by the interviewee. 2 respondents said that the importance
of good relationship between developer, residents association, local authority and
residents. Next, 1 respondent said residents should implement the green development
initiatives instead of just complaining while 1 respondent stated to enhance the
exposure of the green development from all concerned parties. There is 1 respondent
did not give his opinion.
According to the above analysis, it can be concluded that good relationship between
developer, residents association, local authority and residents is important to establish
close cooperation so that every party can enjoy the mutual benefit of green
development practices are always become priority to protect the environment.
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4.6 FINDINGS
Findings are produced through the analysis carried out before. Some findings obtained
from the survey through questionnaire of residents and interview by the parties
involved. The resulting findings can assist in providing recommendations to resolve
issues and problems that exist. Findings are divided into two parts as follows:
4.6.1 Residents’ Perception
I. Lack of Awareness by Residents
Residents in Bukit Jelutong still lack of awareness since lack of participation
in every activity or program provided by residents association, developer,
residents’ representative council and NGO’s body. Although they knew of the
existence of activities or programs, but they do not have initiative to jointly
participate. Besides, not many residents make green development practices as
their daily basis such as recycling their own waste or rubbish in their home.
II. Shortage of Information and Understanding
Since green development application development is still new in Malaysia, the
information from government to educate the people of Malaysia still less.
Most of residents only obtain information from their research itself or
coincidence such as from Internet, magazines, books and so on. Furthermore,
the parties that close to residents such as residents association, developer and
residents’ representative council is less providing information and
understanding on how to educate residents on green development practices.
III. Lack of Activities or Programs Implemented in Bukit Jelutong
In residents’ opinion, there is lack of activities or programs implemented in
Bukit Jelutong. Even though there are a few activities or programs organized,
sometimes residents have not attracted to involve because they prefer to
involve in big-scale program such as carnival. The programs should be
diversified and can attract all kind of group to participate.
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IV. Less Guidance from Related Parties
As residents have lack of information and understanding on green
development practices, they need guidance from the related parties such as
residents association. The related parties should be more frequently met with
residents to help them better understand.
V. Less Regulation To Encourage Residents
In reality, every person needs regulation to do something. Likewise to the
residents which should be encouraged through regulation. With the regulation,
the residents will be more often practice green development. Eventually, it
will become habit for them to be happy and volunteer in practicing green
development practices.
4.6.2 Interviewees’ Perception
I. Inadequate Physical Facilities
The provision of physical facilities still inadequate for example is recycling
centre, provision of trees for landscaping and others. When there are
inadequate facilities provided, residents, residents association, developer and
other parties have no space and facilities to implement green development
practices.
II. Financial Provision Only Focus To One Party
There is only one party which is the developer (Sime Darby Property) provide
financial resource for organizing every activity or program. Financial support
from other parties not always present and if has, only a small amount.
III. Lack of Practicing By Residents
Although there are advertisement and activities provided by the parties
concerned, residents still lack in practicing green development practices.
Their awareness is still less to realize the importance to the environment.
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IV. Lack of Commitment By Residents
Residents always expect the parties concerned to increase list of activity or
program. However, their commitment is still at the unsatisfied level,
especially for small-scale activities. There are residents who always
complaining about everything but they do not give commitment to participate
in the activities or programs.
V. Require Incentive and Substantial Financial Provision For Equipment and
Organizing Activitie or Program
Financial resource is needed to help those who want to apply the green
development equipment with affordable price at their houses. Besides, for
organizing any activity or program, most of that require substantial financial
provision. Therefore, it causes activity that can be provided is limited.
VI. Lack of Follow Up From Local Authority
Local authority is a body which important for residents association and
developer to make any such requests for example, the permission to carry out
any activity, provision of facilities such as places, trees and so on. If any cases
that local authority slow to commit, it will retard the course of any activity or
program.
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4.7 Summary
In summary, there still have many obstacles in implementing green development
practices by residents. Residents still have lack of awareness to conserve the
environment. This also added by less of information and understanding for them to
support green development. It should be the residents are exposed to more
information and guidance from various parties, especially from the government,
residents association, developer and other parties. This practice should also be a
voluntary basis for residents without any regulation. Therefore, residents need to be
educated so that they prefer to protect the environment which is now increasingly
threatened with destruction. Many activities or programs should be provided as often
as possible to encourage them participate in this practices.
Furthermore, a good relationship and cooperation between residents, residents
association, developer and local authority will make the implementation of these
practices more efficient and effective. Residents are expected to continue to support
those parties to ensure that Bukit Jelutong as an area that emphasizes environmentally
well-being.
Through analysis of surveys conducted, the formation of recommendations can be
made by the findings in the making of green development practices as an important
tool in ensuring environmental sustainability.
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CHAPTER 5
RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Introduction
In this chapter, the formation of the proposal will be the important part in ensuring the
study goal is obtained. Formation of recommendations is made based on the findings
of the survey analysis done in previous chapter. In addition, the need and suitability
for making residents more aware of the importance of green development practices
are also emphasized. Opinions and suggestions of the respondents were also given
emphasis in this chapter to produce recommendations as it also helps in achieving the
study objectives. The recommendation is hope can make green development practices
as an important practice by the residents to ensure the well-being of the environment.
5.2 Formation of Recommendation
Formation of the recommendations in this chapter refers to the initial problem
statement in chapter 1 of the study and findings of the analysis undertaken through
surveys which is through questionnaire and interview. Production of a good
recommendation is expected to help to overcome the initial problem statement in
chapter 1 and in the analysis of the survey will ultimately help to achieve the goals of
this study which is to measure the awareness of residents regarding green
development for a good living and healthy environment. This study is carried out in
order to find concrete solutions to identify perceptions and awareness of the residents.
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5.3 Improvement the Residents’ Perception on Green Development
Practices Towards a Better Quality Of Life
The recommendation of improvement the residents’ perception on green development
practices to achieve a better quality of life as outlined below:
5.3.1 Increase Awareness of Residents
Residents’ awareness can be increased through the campaign such as provision of
billboards on the promoting of green development practices and awareness and the
advertisements of the importance in conserving the environment. Besides, the earth
hour campaign which encouraging households and businesses to turn off their non-
essential lights for one hour to raise awareness about the need to take action on
climate change. It can be applied into Bukit Jelutong area itself once a month in order
to show the world that their residents are care and contribute to protecting the earth
without waiting for the campaign conducted at the national or international level. It's
a certain extent has help reduce energy consumption that lead to environmental
pollution.
Furthermore, the awareness can be raised through education. It is not only to educate
in recycling activity, but also on other aspects of green development practices such as
the use of reusable materials, rainwater harvesting and others. For example, steps
should be taken to incorporate green development practices into school education to
be applied to students. Besides, the local authority which is MBSA can educate
community of Shah Alam with the encouragement to create awareness activities such
as how to overcome problems of domestic waste. For example, MBSA can provide
the activities centre for each Residents’ Representative Council (MPP) and for Bukit
Jelutong is no exception. The education and awareness campaigns should start at the
early stages and involve all groups to install a sense of residents’ awareness.
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5.3.2 Provide More Information
There are many sources can be identified to provide the information regarding green
development practices. For example, distribution of brochures, banners that contain
explanations about green development. In addition, the developer or local authority
shall prepare a practical resource center so that residents can be practiced on a regular
basis. The BJRA, developer and the MPP 19 should meet regularly with residents to
ensure residents are aware of current issues and information about green development.
Furthermore, the use of social networking such as Facebook and creating an official
website is needed. Residents of Bukit Jelutong should be urged to join or become a
member of their official website to disseminate any information regarding green
development. Even though Bukit Jelutong has its own Facebook page and official
website, but not necessarily all the residents have become members or friends. By
asking all residents to become a member, it will ensure that residents are not left
behind in getting any information of green developments.
Photo 5.1 : School Education on
Green Development
Teaching
Source : http://maps.google.com.my
Photo 5.2 : Campaign on Promoting
Green Development
Practices
Source : http://maps.google.com.my
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5.3.3 Provide More Activities or Programs
There are many activities or programs can be provided to attract residents involve in.
For example, recycling program can be done every day with the provision of
recycling centre. Besides, since the big scale program is more attractive to resident,
BJRA and developer can organize a carnival on environment on a large scale in which
much information can be obtained by residents. In addition, the activities provided
should be diversified, such as preparing a campaign for several weeks or months to
collect used items that can be reused such as waste materials, rain water for domestic
use and then reward the people involved. This is not impossible to attract the
attention of the residents to cooperate, because they will be rewarded. Furthermore,
MBSA can promote an activity that promotes residents to make neighbourhood’s
farm and garden for each house as additional measures to support the preservation of
environment from their home.
Certain parties such as MBSA, Sime Darby Property, BJRA need to collaborate and
give incentives in providing green development activities that can satisfy the needs
and wants of residents as well as give them very useful benefits.
Photo 5.3 : Example of The Green
Activities and
Information Through
Residents Association
Official Website
Source : www.bjra.com.my
Photo 5.4 : Example Of Attractive
Banner to Promote
Green Development
Information
Source : http://maps.google.com.my
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5.3.4 Provision of More Facilities
Higher demand of activities leads to provision of more facilities. Consideration for
facilities can encourage the residents to practice green development practices more
convenient. In addition to focusing on recycling activities in Bukit Jelutong, the
developer, Sime Darby Property should also think about ways to encourage green
development by providing materials or equipments that can help reduce the
environmental impact to every home such as solar panel that can save energy or
electric consumption, provide rain water harvesting which can saves water
consumption and other equipments. This could indirectly reduce the carbon footprint
left by the residents.
While from the government side, some ways can take to encourage people to adopt
green development such as provision incentives, rewards and rebates to residents who
use green development equipments. As for the old houses, the houses can be
upgraded by applying the elements of green development features provided by
developer as mentioned in paragraph above so that there are more houses change into
environmentally friendly. To assist residents in terms of cost, the government can
reduce taxes in providing green development equipments so that all residents are able
to have it.
Photo 5.5 : Planting More Trees And Attractive Landscaping Around
Residential Areas.
Source : www.bjra.com.my and http://maps.google.com.my
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5.3.5 Provide More Incentives for Equipments’ Provision and Organizing Activities
Financial resource is needed to help those who want to apply the green development
equipment with affordable price. Again, the government can reduce taxes in
providing green development equipments to encourage our Malaysians are apply
green development widely. In addition, for those who save their home electrical
consumption such as for air conditioners and refrigerators, they may be given a rebate
for supporting green development practices.
While for organizing any activities, funds from other parties such as private bodies
and government involvement are needed in addition their frequent involvements are
more necessary. Each party can contribute various forms of incentives in terms of
money, facilities provision, site for activities or sponsor any other type of assistance
where it is needed in supporting the activity or program of green development.
5.3.6 Implementation of Policy
The implementation of policy is expected will ensure that Malaysians are more
committed to implementing green development. This will ensure that all parties in
accordance with the government which increasingly emphasized green development
in Malaysia and also to make sure it will apply for future development.
I. Using Reusable Energy Equipments
One of the ways to promote green development practices is to enforce
every resident using reusable energy equipments in every home such as
solar panel, rain water harvesting, using save energy lamp and others. The
utilization of these equipments by residents will be rewarded by the
government and reduce taxes for their use.
II. Green Building Index (GBI)
In addition, the Green Building Index (GBI) should be made as mandatory
or compulsory for all new buildings which estimated will produce more
energy and emission of unproductive gasses. According to Ar Dr Tan
104
Loke Mun (April, 2009), green buildings have its function to help in
energy and resources saving, materials’ recycling and minimize the
emission of toxic substances throughout its life cycle. The benefits to be
derived are significant operational savings, better use of building resources
and increased in workplace productivity. Therefore, if they refuse to
comply with this GBI, they will be imposed with high taxes or fined.
III. Policy by Local Authority in Domestic Waste Management
Local authorities in the area play an important role in managing the
welfare of the community in terms of cleanliness facilities for an area. In
the management of domestic waste by residents, Local authorities in the
area play an important role in managing the welfare of the people in terms
of sanitation facilities for an area. In the management of domestic waste by
residents, MBSA should provide policy of domestic waste management
system with separate materials can be reused or not to facilitate the work
of the next party.
It has been found that MBSA has a recycling center for the purpose of
addressing inert waste disposal problem. Therefore, to overcome this
problem, there is community awareness programs, facilities for inert waste
disposal site and enforcement should be implemented by MBSA with the
support of the Ministry of Housing and Local Government. MBSA plans
to provide a facility centre to the residents to dispose of inert waste which
is located in Section 17, Shah Alam. Residents and businesses can send
items of waste as follows:
Garden waste
Furniture
Mattress
Textiles
Electrical Appliances (E-Waste)
Plastic
Timber
105
Paper, Magazine, Catalog
Cardboard
Shoes
Glass bottles
Battery
Cooking Oil
Metal Products
Because of this effort was provided by MBSA, it is their responsibility to
ensure that the residents of Shah Alam to cooperate to assist the effort.
Representatives from the MBSA in Bukit Jelutong which is the chairman
of MPP19, with the cooperation of BJRA expected to ensure residents of
Bukit Jelutong will be notified of this effort so that the inert waste can be
managed well there.
Photo 5.6 : The Facilities Available At The Inert Waste Disposal Recycling
Center Site, Seksyen 17, Shah Alam.
Source : www.mbsa.gov.my
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5.3.7 Guideline
Malaysia has “Planning Guidelines of Green Neighbourhood”. However, the
existence of these guidelines is sometimes not given full attention by the planners and
developers. These guidelines are expected to provide guidance to planners and
developers in providing facilities for green development practices to residential areas
as well as it could expose the residents to have better understand of what actually is
the green development. The guideline should be reviewed to ensure the planners and
developers have to follow the guidelines in addition with government incentive.
For example, the guideline should include the general and specific guideline for all
new development of residential area which applied green development elements.
While for the old houses, there is a provision in the guidelines for upgrading the
houses to become a sustainable home which include elements of green development
such as solar panel that can save energy or electric consumption, provide rain water
harvesting which can saves water consumption, using save energy lamp and others.
With the guidelines, it will ensure that green development can be applied in each
housing area by the planners and developers so that residents can practice and
experience the advantages of applying green development practices.
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5.4 Summary
In summarize, the recommendations are made based on the findings in Chapter Four
that comprises how residents perception towards green development practices in
Bukit Jelutong. From the findings, residents have lack of awareness about green
development because it can be seen from their participation in every activities or
programs provided. Therefore, to enhance their awareness, campaign on
environmental awareness should be increased further to attract more residents to
participate in green development practices. The education from schools and high
education institution is required to educate the children and teenagers starts to practice
at the early stage. More provision on green development information and
understanding prepared from the advertisement on banners, brochures, meetings
between related parties. Furthermore, there are many activities or programs proposed
as well as facilities to attract residents together enjoying green development activities
or programs in their residential area.
While in respect of the allocation of funds, the more external parties will be involved
to jointly organize every activity so that the list of activities will be extended.
Besides, government must be involved in providing various incentives to facilitate the
application. Last but not least, the implementation of policies together with guideline
can assistance and encourage residents, developers and other concern parties to
practicing and implement green development practices towards sustainable
development.
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5.5 Conclusion of the Study
After the research done by assigning Chapter 1 is an introduction to the study, to
Chapter 5 that comes out with the recommendations, it was found that the initial
response to the residents’ perception to the green development practices have the right
and some are not true. At the early chapter indicates the acceptance of residents is
still lacking. However, from the analysis through questionnaire and interview method
in Bukit Jelutong, their residents are accept and know the green development
practices but they have lack of awareness to give commitment. For example, they
have shortage of information and knowledge because they need more information
together with activities provided by their concern parties in Bukit Jelutong. Most of
them are afford to expand their money but it must be in line with their initiatives and
participation. From interviewee’s perspective, they think that residents of Bukit
Jelutong have high awareness but they are less in giving commitment and initiative
because for them, everything can be implementing through fee.
Based on overall study, strong and comprehensive recommendations need to be
proposed through a good relationship between residents, developer, residents
association, local authority and external parties. Every problem can be address when
all of the parties have high awareness on the importance of preserving the
environment. It is not possible if Bukit Jelutong will become a role model of a good
green neighbourhood with good communities.
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APPENDICES
APPENDICE A (QUESTIONNAIRE)
BACHELOR IN TOWN AND REGIONAL PLANNING (HONS)
DEPARTMENT OF TOWN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING AND SURVEYING
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA SHAH ALAM
SURVEY FORM (RESIDENT)
PERCEPTION OF RESIDENTS TOWARS GREEN DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES
This questionnaire is to meet the academic requirements of the TRP555 - Planning Research (Thesis). All
information is confidential and for research only. Your cooperation is greatly appreciated. Thank you for your
cooperation.
Form Number : ____
Location : _______________________________________________
Date :____________________ Time :_____________________
Please tick ( / ) your answers and write your answers in necessary place.
A. Personal Particulars
1. Age
a) <25 years [ ]
b) 25 – 50 years [ ]
c) 51 – 65 years [ ]
d) >65 years [ ]
2. Gender
a) Male [ ]
b) Female [ ]
3. Race
a) Malay [ ]
b) Chinese [ ]
c) Indian [ ]
d) Others, please specify [ ]
__________________________________________
4. Status
a) Single [ ]
b) Married [ ]
5. Occupation
a) Government Sector [ ]
b) Private Sector [ ]
c) Own work [ ]
d) Others, please specify [ ]
__________________________________________
B. Resident’s Experiences
1. What is the green development practices implemented in your area?
a) Recycling [ ]
b) Using renewable energy (e.g: day lighting, solar, [ ]
LED lamp, etc.)
c) Rain water harvesting [ ]
d) Gotong-royong [ ]
e) Neighbourhood farm and garden [ ]
f) Others, please specify [ ]
__________________________________________
2. Are you aware about the green development practices in your area?
a) Yes [ ]
b) No [ ]
3. What are the green development activities or programs that you have involved in your area?
a) Recycling [ ]
b) Gotong-royong [ ]
c) Neighbourhood farm and garden [ ]
d) Others, please specify [ ]
__________________________________________
4. How frequent do you practice the activity or program?
(Please state the number of options)
( 1. Once a week 2. Once a month 3. Once a year 4. Never )
Activity or Program Frequency
a) Recycling [ ]
b) Gotong-royong [ ]
c) Neighbourhood farm and garden [ ]
d) Others, please specify : _________________________ [ ]
_________________________ [ ]
_________________________ [ ]
5. What are the common obstacles faced doing green development practices?
a) Lack of information [ ]
b) Lack of awareness [ ]
c) Shortage of knowledge [ ]
d) Inadequate facilities [ ]
e) Lack of program [ ]
f) Uncertain risks [ ]
g) Lack of familiarity with technology [ ]
h) Not provided by developer [ ]
i) No time to meet the practical [ ]
j) High operating costs [ ]
k) Others, please specify [ ]
__________________________________________
C. Information on Green Development
1. Where do you find the information on green development?
a) Internets [ ]
b) Residents association [ ]
c) PBT / MBSA [ ]
d) Developers [ ]
e) Conferences [ ]
f) Books [ ]
g) Magazines [ ]
h) Others, please specify [ ]
__________________________________________
2. What types of information needed?
a) Practical resource centre [ ]
b) Case studies on implementation program [ ]
c) List of activities or programs [ ]
d) Detail explanation about green development [ ]
e) Cost to implement program [ ]
f) Benefit of the program [ ]
g) Risks may be related to green practices [ ]
h) Others, please specify [ ]
__________________________________________
D. Opinion and Suggestion
1. How do you think the level of current practice of green development in your area and
Malaysia?
Bukit Jelutong Malaysia
a) Excellent
b) Good
c) Moderate
d) Poor
e) Very poor
2. Is the green development practice is important to every community?
a) Strongly agree [ ]
b) Agree [ ]
c) Neutral [ ]
d) Disagree [ ]
e) Strongly disagree [ ]
3. What are the significances in practicing green development?
a) Good health [ ]
b) Healthy environment [ ]
c) Improve environmental awareness [ ]
d) Enhance knowledge of environmental management [ ]
e) Better value of assets (housing area) [ ]
f) Others, please specify [ ]
__________________________________________
4. Do you prefer voluntary or regulatory on implementing green development practices?
a) Voluntary [ ]
b) Regulatory [ ]
5. What are the recommended improvements for green development in your area?
a) Increase the number of activity or program [ ]
b) Diversify the green development practices [ ]
c) Reduced operating costs [ ]
d) Offer guidance for green development practices [ ]
e) Enhance the numbers of involvement from government [ ]
and private bodies
f) Others, please specify [ ]
__________________________________________
6. Please state if you have other opinions on green development.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
APPENDICE B (INTERVIEW FORM)
BACHELOR IN TOWN AND REGIONAL PLANNING (HONS)
DEPARTMENT OF TOWN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING AND SURVEYING
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA SHAH ALAM
INTERVIEW FORM
PERCEPTION OF RESIDENTS TOWARS GREEN DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES
This questionnaire is to meet the academic requirements of the TRP555 - Planning Research (Thesis). All
information is confidential and for research only. Your cooperation is greatly appreciated. Thank you for your
cooperation.
Form Number : ____
Location : _______________________________________________
Date :____________________ Time :_____________________
Please tick ( / ) your answers and write your answers in necessary place.
A) Position’s Background
1. Please give information about your position in this area.
a) Bukit Jelutong Residents Association (BJRA)’s member [ ]
b) Mosque committee member [ ]
c) Head of the streets [ ]
d) Developer [ ]
e) NGO’s body [ ]
f) Others, please specify [ ]
_________________________________________
2. How long you are in this position?
a) Less than one month [ ]
b) Within a month [ ]
c) Within a year [ ]
d) More than one year [ ]
B) External Parties Involvement
1. Who are the external parties involved in green development activities or programs here?
a) PBT / MBSA [ ]
b) NGO’s body [ ]
c) Politicians [ ]
d) Students [ ]
e) Volunteers [ ]
f) Others, please specify [ ]
__________________________________________
2. How does the level of involvement of external parties (Such as MBSA, NGO’s body,
politicians, students, volunteers)?
a) Excellent [ ]
b) Good [ ]
c) Moderate [ ]
d) Poor [ ]
e) Very poor [ ]
3. Have any of the parties provided financial resource for organizing each activity or program?
a) Yes [ ]
b) No [ ]
If yes, state the name of the parties. ______________________________
C) Green Development Practices
1) How long green development has been practiced here?
___________________________________________________________________________
2) How the level of acceptance of green development practices by residents here?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3) Could you explain how the residents are exposed about green development practices?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
4) What are the problems faced in implementing green development practices in your area?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
5) How do you get the financial resource for organizing each activity or program?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
6) How much financial provision required in each activity or program organized?
(Please state the fund required for the applicable activity or program)
a) Recycling __________________
b) Using renewable energy (e.g: day lighting, solar, LED lamp) ______________ ___
c) Rain water harvesting __________________
d) Gotong-royong __________________
e) Neighbourhood farm and garden __________________
f) Others, please specify
_______________________________________ __________________
_______________________________________ __________________
_______________________________________ __________________
D) Opinion and Suggestion
1. How effective is the activity or program that has organized?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. What are the recommended actions for improvements for green development in your area?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Do you have other opinions regarding green development practices?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
