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PEOPLE’S COMMITTEE OF YEN BAI PROVINCE

“Vietnam Improved Land Governance and Databased Project”

(VILG)

ETHNIC MINORITIES DEVELOPMENT PLAN

(Issued with Decision No. /QD-UBND in 2019 by the People's Committee of

Yen Bai )

Yen Bai, 2019

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

DB Database

EMG Ethnic Minority Group

EMDP Ethnic Minority Development Program

MPLIS Multi-Purpose Land Information System

RD Rural Development

GDLA General Department of Land Administration

MONRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

C Central

PC People’s Committee

VILG “Vietnam: Improved Land Governance & Database” project

LRO Land Registration Office

PPMU

Provincial Project Management Office

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................... 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................... 3

I. OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................... 4

1.1. Project Overview ......................................................................................... 4

1.2. Project components...................................................................................... 4

II. SUMMARY OF THE SOCIAL ASSESSMENT .............................................. 5

2.1. Ethnic Minority living in Project area. ......... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2. Economic, social and cultural characteristics of ethnic minorities in the

project area ........................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.3. Project Impact assessment ......................................................................... 20

2.4. Policy framework and legal basis .............................................................. 21

III. RESULT OF COMMUNITY CONSULTATION ....................................... 24

3.1. Main findings from social consultation ..................................................... 24

3.2. Consultation framework and method of community consultation ............ 26

IV. ACTION PLAN OF EMDP .......................................................................... 26

V. ORGANIZATION OF IMPLEMENTATION .............................................. 34

VI. DISSEMINATION OF ETHNIC MINORITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN

AND EM PARTICIPATION .............................................................................. 35

6.1. Disclosure of EMDP .................................................................................. 35

6.2. EM participation ........................................................................................ 35

VII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM .................................................. 36

VIII. ESTIMATED COST .................................................................................. 37

IX. MONITORING AND EVALUATION ........................................................ 39

ANNEX 1: PARTICIPANTS IN THE COMMUNITY CONSULTATION

ANNEX 2: ESTIMATE COSTS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF ETHNIC

MINORITY DEVELOPMENT PLANS. ........... Error! Bookmark not defined.

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I. OVERVIEW

1.1. Project Overview

The project development objective (PDO) of ‘Vietnam: Improved Land

Governance and Database’ Project (VILG) is to improve the efficiency and

transparency in land administration services in the selected provinces in Vietnam.

The PDO will be achieved through the development and implementation of the

national Multi-Purpose Land Information System (MPLIS), a unified system of

Land Registration Offices (LROs) and a system for the monitoring and evaluation

of land use and management, both at national and sub-national levels.

Specific objectives of the project:

To develop and operate a Multi Purpose Land Information system to better

meet the needs of local businesses, enterprises and citizens.

- To improve the effectiveness, efficiency and transparency of land

management in the project area through the completion of the land database

- To complete and operate local land database (i.e. cadastral data, planning

data, land use planning, land price data, statistical data, land inventory) for land

management works, and with connection to the central government and to share

land information with relevant sectors (taxation, notary, banks…).

- To improve the public services delivery in the land sector by modernizing

the central offices such as improving service standards by providing head-end

equipment for the central offices and staff training.

- To improve the effectiveness in disseminating and raising awareness in

the communities in the project; Especially for the construction, management and

operation of the land information system; monitoring and evaluation system for

land management and use.

1.2. Project components

The project would comprise three components as follows:

Component 1: Strengthening Quality of Land Service Delivery. This

component will support (a) modernizing and strengthening LROs to provide

better land services; (b) training and providing communication systems and

awareness raising for stakeholders, including implementation of ethnic minority

development plans; and (c) establishing and operating a monitoring and

evaluation (M&E) system for land-use management.

The investments under this component will sponsor for quality

enhancement of land service delivery by streamlining service procedures and

standards, renovating facilities, and building up the capacity of personnel working

in LROs in project provinces. The component will also help monitor the

implementation of land use management in accordance with Land Law 2013 and

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progressively respond to current and emerging economic and social demandsfor

better access to land information and better land services. The component will

support unification of business standards and LRO working infrastructure at

provincial and district levels. In addition, it will also enhance the participation of

the public, corporates, and other stakeholders through communication and

awareness campaigns. The activities under this component will facilitate and

operationalize the technological advances that will have been brought about in

Component 2 of the project and ensure better community participation.

Component 2: Establishment of MPLIS. This component will sponsor

the development of the software by funding the IT Expert Panel and

implementation of software for the MPLIS; the development and implementation

of the national land database through digitizing existing maps and property rights

records; verification, updating and integration of cadastral data (both cadastral

maps users and land use information), land price data, land use plan data, land

disputes and complaints resolution information, and key land resources thematic

information. It will also finance limited cadastre surveying and mapping to

improve the completeness and accuracy of the existing cadastral information

(about 20% of the total project costs); and the enhancement of public engagement

in land information services, including the establishment of an MPLIS land portal

to facilitate public access to land information based on market demands.

Component 3: Project management will support overall project

management, monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of activities and targets.

- Name of Project: “Vietnam - Improved Land Governance and Database

Project”, Abbreviations:VILG

- Name of the sponsor: World Bank.

- Agency responsible for Project management: Ministry of Natural

Resources and Environment.

- Line agencies involved in the Project: People’s Committee of Yen Bai

Province.

- Owner of Project:

+ Proposed project owner: General Department of Land Administration,

Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.

+ Project owner for the area invested to build land database: Department of

Natural Resources and Environment of Yen Bai province.

- Duration of the project: from 2017 to 2022.

- Location:The project will be implemented in 144 communes and towns

of 06 districts of Yen Bai province, including: Tran Yen district, Yen Binh district,

Luc Yen district, Van Chan district, Van Yen district and Mu Cang Chai district.

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II. SUMMARY OF THE SOCIAL ASSESSMENT

A social assessment was conducted by the PMU to collect data and

information on ethnic minority communities in the project areas. Of which:

2.1. Ethnic Minority living in Project area.

According to the survey data of Ethnic Minorities in Yen Bai province in

2016, Yen Bai province's population has 816,031 people, except for Kinh

ethnicity with 363,054 people, the number of ethnic minorities is about 452,977

people (Tay ethnic group: 149,787 people; Mong people: 99,883 people; Dao

ethnic groups 94,113 people; Thai people 58,581 people; Other ethnic groups:

50,613 people), of which :

+ Tay ethnic group live mainly in Luc Yen district (58,338 people)

accounting for 38.9% of the Tay ethnic group in the province, Van Chan district

(27,887 people), Van Yen district (19,950 people), Tran Yen district (18,787

people)

+ Mong ethnic group live mainly in Mu Cang Chai district (54,973 people),

accounting for 55% of Mong people in other areas of the province);

+ The Dao ethnic group has 94,113 people, living mainly in Van Yen

district (31,688 people), Luc Yen district (21,038 people) and Yen Binh district

(17,932 people);

+ Thai ethnic group live mainly in Van Chan district (36,786 people,

accounting for 62.7% of Thai people living in the remaining areas of the

province).

- Among other ethnic groups:

+ The Muong ethnic group lives mainly in Van Chan district (11,113

people; accounting for 67% of Muong people in the remaining areas of the

province);

+ The Nung ethnic group has 18,741 people, living mainly in the districts:

Luc Yen 14,571 people, Yen Binh district 3,326 people.

+ San Chay ethnic group (Cao Lan, San chi) has 9,255 people, mainly living

in Yen Binh district with 7,557 people, the rest are scattered in districts in the

province (except Nghia Lo town).

+ Giay ethnic group has 2,261 people, living mainly in Van Chan district

has 1,906 people, the rest are scattered in other districts in the province (except

Tram Tau district and Nghia Lo town).

Districts with ethnic minorities living in Yen Bai province are as follows:

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NO Districts

Tay Mong Dao Thai

Other Ethnic

groups

|

Name Number Nam

e

Numb

er Name

Num

ber Name

Num

ber Name

Numbe

r

1 Van Chan Tay 27.887 Mong 12.163 Dao 15.793 Thai 36.786 Other 14.435

2 Luc Yen Tay 58.338 Mong 39 Dao 21.038 Thai 89 Other 14.938

3 Van Yen Tay 19.950 Mong 5.620 Dao 31.688 Thai 36 Other 2.080

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Mu Can

Chai Tay 368 Mong 54.973 Dao 28 Thai 2.573 Other 88

5 Yen Binh Tay 19.203 Mong 130 Dao 17.932 Thai 103 Other 11.220

6 Tran Yen Tay 18.787 Mong 2.035 Dao 7.320 Thai 275 Other 4.583

7 Tram Tau Tay 385 Mong 24.620 Dao 11 Thai 4.363 Other 371

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Nghia Lo

District Tay 1.331 Mong Dao 0 Thai 14.134 Other 1.815

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Yen Bai

City Tay 3.538 Mong 303 Dao 303 Thai 222 Other 989

Total 149.787 99.883 94.113 58.581 50.519

2.2. Economic, social and cultural characteristics of ethnic minorities

in the project area

According to statistics in 2017, the population size of Yen Bai province was

807,287 people (male with 403,300 people, accounting for 49.9% and female with

403,987 people, accounting for 50.10%), the proportion of urban population accounted

for 20.4% of the population. The average population density is 117 people / km2,

concentratedly distributed in low areas and urban areas (Nghia Lo town: 1009.9 people

/ km2, Yen Bai city 959.2 people / km2), the density The population is sparsest in

highland districts (Tram Tau 43.55 people / km2, Mu Cang Chai 49.45 people / km2).

The population of the province consists of over 30 ethnic groups living together,

including: 07 ethnic groups with a population of over 10,000 people, 02 ethnic groups

with 2,000 - under 10,000 people, 03 ethnic groups with 500 - 2,000 people, the rest

Other ethnic groups have a population of less than 500 people. The Kinh ethnic group

has the largest population accounting for 46.3%, the Tay ethnic group accounts for

18.3%, the Dao ethnic group 11.3%, the Mong ethnic group 11.1%, and the Thai

ethnic group 7.2%. other people. In the period of 2011 - 2015, the annual natural

population growth rate tends to decrease, the average annual rate is 1.2%. Average

population growth rate (natural and mechanical) 1.08% / year on average due to a

number of laborers Every year the average population growth rate (natural and

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mechanical) 1.08% / year due to the number of laborers who move to work outside the

province every year.

In the wars up to now, ethnic minorities in Yen Bai province have made many

contributions to fight against foreign invaders and to develop the economy and society

today.

The peculiarities of some ethnic minorities are as follows:

a) Tay ethnic group:

The Tay is the second most populous ethnic group in Yen Bai province,

only behind the Kinh ethnic group, with about 149,787 people, accounting

for 18.3% of the provincial population and is the most populous ethnic

group. among ethnic minorities. Tay people live in 9/9 districts, towns and

cities; specifically: In urban areas 7,574 people, rural 127,740 people, of

which the largest is the district: Luc Yen (54,032 people); Van Chan

(24,759 people); Van Yen (17,972 people); Yen Binh (17,906 people); Tran

Yen (15,523 people).

The Tay people have been living in Yen Bai for a long time and have

their own languages belonging to the Tay-Thai language group (the South

Asian languages line). Today, living in a modern society with strong

cultural interference, most of the Tay people can use the Tay's own voice

and language, and they can read and understand Vietnamese, especially

Young and middle-aged people are fluent in both languages.

The main economy of the Tay people in Yen Bai is an agricultural

economy, the people cultivate wetland fields in combination with hunting

and raising animals. With a long tradition and hard work, creativity in labor

and acquiring new science and technology very quickly, the Tay's

agriculture is relatively high. Along with the good intensive farming of 2

rice crops, bringing new varieties into production, increasing the winter

corn crop, the Tay people strongly develop cattle and poultry raising;

actively develop forestry and plant new industrial crops such as tea,

cinnamon and cassava.

Tay people's houses are mostly stilted houses, using locally available

construction materials, covered with palm leaves or grasses. Flooring is

made of apricot, wood or board, wooden doors made of cork or bamboo.

Each house has from three to five compartments, two small rooms, there

are richer people in the area, who also make a Sluon Giao kitchen, including

2 floating squares perpendicular to the inside room(the space for women to

live), the size of kitchen doors is equal to 2/3 of the space in the main house.

Tay ethnic group in Yen Bai have a vibrant, strong and romantic life style.

On the occasion of the Lunar New Year, the Long Tong festival, the Tam

Khau Mau, the wedding of friends, they sing Slípsí song along a day and

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night. The Khap Coi Songs are sustained from generation to generation.

The Tay's costume is mainly made of black indigo dyed cotton for men,

women and children, with little or no decorative pattern. The Tay women

wear a five-panel traditional dress with an indigo belt folded back and tied

with a skirt for weddings, holidays and New Year. Usually, women wears

a short shirt with a skirt or pants, a short neckline like a Ba Ba. Men wear

round-neck four-panel traditional dress, fabric buttons or buttons, and loose

pants, which worn by older people, and young people nowadays wear like

Kinh people. Women often wear indigo-dyed scarves, diagonal square

towels, with two small red strips tied to the front of the forehead, the back

of the scarf is flip back. Men only wear ready-to-wear turban for the

holidays, especially for the procession ceremony, or stay with wife’s

family. Jewelry mainly uses silver material, such as children's necklaces,

women's bracelets, Xa Tich …

Traditional crafts such as growing cotton and weaving have been

developed very early, raising silkworms to get silk weaving Slaicha knife

strings has also been present in the Tay people's culture here for a long time.

The weaving pattern on the brocade fabric is abundant and diverse,

especially the knife consists of twenty-seven images, each of which is

associated with a folktale with profound humanity educational. Do paper

making, wicker weaving, carpentry, blacksmithing and stone chiselling

develop quite well

The unique artistic background of the Tay Yen Bai people has been

preserved on the brocade since thousands of years ago, Such as Phun Man

purdah, Mon Thu pillowcase ,Na Da, Slaicha knife, sorcerer’s costume ,Put

‘s costume. Especially the worship of the sorcerer from 7 to 12 sheets with

images of people, demons and animals.

Tay people's musical instruments include the flute, stamen, Tinh,

Nao Bat, drums, trumpet, Qua Nhac, Chum Nhac, cymbals. In which, the

two instruments are Tinh and the Chum Nhac is the two most important

instruments used by the people quite popular in festivals, especially the

"Ton phi then" festival (invite the Then god to come and enjoy Tet holiday

in the early spring of the Tày people, according to the folk belief that

without these two instruments, the gods would not be invited).

The culinary activities of the Tay people are simple, made from rice,

cassava, potatoes, bamboo shoots, vegetables, fish, forest vegetables,

stream algae. Tet days are processed more sophisticatedly. The dish of Lam

rice, stuffed bamboo shoot with meat, Kham Ki soup, sour bamboo, rheum

(fuel from forest semolina pulp) is a specialty of the Tay Yen Bai people.

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The dishes sticky rice, steaming, baked, lamrice ... are also quite popular

dishes in the daily processing of the Tay.

Today, the folklore tradition is always preserved, exploited and

promoted in production and socio-economic development, along with other

ethnic groups in the province, Tay contributed greatly to its construction. ,

to protect the Fatherland and develop the Yen Bai homeland more and more

beautiful

b) Mong ethnic group

Mong people in Yen Bai province have about 99,883 people, accounting

for 12.2% of the population in the province, belonging to the second most

populous ethnic minority after the Tay people.

The Mong ethnic group in Yen Bai consists mainly of 4 main groups: Mong

Hoa (Mong Lenh); Mong Den (Mong Du) and Mong Trang (Mong Do) and Mong

Si (Mong Do). Of which, the Mong Hoa and Mong Si people account for the most

number. A part of Mong Hoa people who migrated from Bac Ha district, Lao Cai

province to settle down in Van Yen district has many cultural characteristics of

the people living in remote areas. The language of the Mong people belongs to

the Mong - Dao language group (the South Asian language line).

The Mong people in Yen Bai have their own language and writing in the

Mong - Dao language group (the South Asian language line). Today, living in the

present society, there is a strong cultural cross, so most of the Mong people in

working age and young people can use the voice and language of the Mong people

and they listen, read and understand Vietnamese, especially young people and

village elders and village officials can use both Mong and Vietnamese languages.

Potential strengths of the Mong people in Yen Bai are: forestry, cattle

raising, specialty trees and short-term industrial crops. The people have exploited

a number of strong seedlings such as specialty Shan snow tea trees, medlar trees,

cardamom, raising buffaloes, cows, horses and bees. In particular, the people have

built the following examples: Developing terraced fields in combination with

forest protection in many communes of Mu Cang Chai district; reclaiming water

fields in combination with the development of special tea plants of highland areas

such as those in Suoi Giang and Suoi Bu communes (Van Chan district), Pung

Luong, Nam Khat (Mu Cang Chai district) and Phinh Ho (Tram Tau district);

farming fields combined with the development of specialty cinnamon trees in Na

Huu and Mo Vang communes (Van Yen district) ... As a result, the life of Mong

Yen Bai people has gradually stabilized and gradually developed.

The Mong are very famous forging with high technology, the people

themselves forge knives, hoes, cast their own plows and women's jewelry, cast

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horse music, cow bells ... The people also make life utensils wooden household

item such as: spoons, bowls, buckets, pots, etc., weaving such items as "Lu Co"

(baskets), “Cang Chua” (carrying tools), and baskets for rice. .

Due to the isolated residence characteristics, Mong people have little

relationship with other ethnic groups. If they live in an area with another ethnic

group, the Mong live together in a separate village. Mong people live in houses,

the main materials are wood, the roofs are usually covered with chop Po mu wood

and now there are some houses with cement roofs.

The dominant morphology of the Mong family is the patriarchal type , small

family with two generations live together is very popular. The Mong family is an

economic unit with a strict division of labor by gender, age, and is a cultural unit,

with a positive transmission environment. Mong society is organized and

managed by a closed family, with its own laws, regulations and symbols, which

are recognized by the community and must be strictly followed. The Mong social

family is quite important for production and life, maintaining and transmitting

customs and traditions. Mong people have many surnames, each of them has

many lineages, each lineage has many different genera. Families of the same

lineage often live in close quarters. There are several lineages of Mong people,

but there is a large family. The Mong family has a very wide range of cohesion:

they include all their relatives, regardless of their residence. Mong people in Yen

Bai can accept siblings from other provinces as brothers. A person who shares the

same family name as one another is considered a sibling and is not allowed to

marry each other. In every family they have taboos and worshiping rituals. For

example: Giang abstain from eating heart, Ly family abstain from eating spleen

...

The Mong people in Yen Bai have extremely rich and unique folk beliefs.

The beliefs of ancestor worship of the Mong people are especially important and

different from some other ethnic minorities, the people do not have their own

ancestral altars but whenever there is an ancestor worship ceremony or on

important family occasions The communal house set up an ancestor worship altar

in the middle of the house in front of the "godly" altar- “Xu Cang”, after the

ancestor worship ceremony was removed.

The Mong people have a rich treasure of folk art, in the spring, on the

occasion of the Mong New Year (around the 30th of the lunar calendar) or in

traditional weddings, the Mong people all sing folk songs and play Khen. Among

folk tunes, the most special kind of storytelling of national history is called "Than

Chu". The Mong sing "Gau Phenh" - boys and girls sing while playing Pa Pao,

sing through a thread connected with two cork strips covered by frog skin for two

people. At the wedding, there are also sing a Quiz songs and Giai song. Along

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with singing, the Mong people also have a very unique Khen dance. In the "Gao

Tao" festival, a Khen dance is an opening ceremony. In addition to Khen Be, the

Mong also use the harp, the alpina, the scissors, and the flute ...

Nowaday, most of the Mong people in the province have been granted land

use right certificates (according to the project of measuring and granting

certificates of forestry land in the province). For residential land and agricultural

land, which is only granted in the form of self-declaration or independent

measurement of each land plot, there is no cadastral map, so the granting data has

not been accurate, cadastral records have not been completed.

c) Dao ethnic groups:

The Dao ethnic group in Yen Bai province has about 94,113 people,

accounting for 11.5% of the population in the province, belonging to the 3rd most

populous ethnic minority after the Tay and Mong.

The Dao live in 9 districts, towns and cities in the province. In which, the highest

concentration is in Van Yen district (31,668,214 people), Luc Yen (21,038

people), Yen Binh (17,932 people), Van Chan (15,793 people) and Tran Yen

(7,320 people). The Dao people have many different names such as the Dong

people, Xa people, Man people, Dao people ... but Dao is the official name. The

Dao people call themselves "Kien Mien" ( people in the forest).

The Dao groups in Yen Bai also have some differences in voice but they

belong to the Hmong - Dao language group (the South Asian language line).

Today, most Dao people of working age, young people and students are able to

use the Dao and Vietnamese languages, and can read and write Vietnamese

fluently.

The Dao people currently living in Yen Bai province have 4 main groups:

Red Dao (also known as Dao Sung, Dao Dai Ban), Dao Quan Chet (also called

Dao Nga Hoang, Dao Son Dau), Dao Quan Trang and Dao Lan Tuyen (also

known as Dao Tuyen)

The Dao groups also have some differences in voice, but they belong to the

Hmong - Dao language group (the South Asian language line ). Although the

names, costumes and voices have some differences, all Dao groups share the same

origin and worship the ancestor Ban Vuong. Up to now, the Dao community has

still handed down the story of Ban Ho, which is clearly recorded in a number of

Qua Son Bang.

The main economic form of Dao people in Yen Bai is agricultural

production with two types: upland rice and wet rice. In which, wet rice accounts

for less percentage. In addition, the people also cultivate a number of crops such

as corn, cassava ... Dao's vegetables have gourds, squash, bitter melon, legumes,

potatoes, tubers, cantaloupe ... Especially, Dao Yen Bai people strongly develop

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2 industrial crops: cinnamon and tea. Cinnamon is a traditional crop of the Dao

people in Van Yen district. When giving birth to a daughter, her parents planted

cinnamon to make a dowry. When they gave birth to a son, they also planted

cinnamon to make a gift for their child. In addition to rice, vegetables and

cinnamon, tea, Dao Yen Bai also earns additional income from raising buffaloes,

cows, pigs and chickens.

Traditional craftsmanship is making paper, weaving, blanket dyeing,

printing and embroidering patterns on fabrics. Wicker basket made of bamboo,

neohouzeaua, cork, rattan. Forging work of the Dao people also developed,

mainly agricultural tools such as knives, hoes, grass rakes, plowshares. Jewelry

making in silver, Sanh Cang and bronze made into necklaces, bracelets, earrings,

rings, Xa Tich.

People built houses near streams and concentrated in separate villages or

alternating with other ethnic groups. Among the Dao Yen Bai people, all three

types of houses are converged: stilt houses of white Dao people, palatinate-houses

and palatinate- stilt houses of Dao Quan Chet and Dao Tuyen people.

The culinary culture of the Dao is simpler than the other ethnic groups belonging

to the Tay-Thai language group, the main food of the Dao is plain rice and upland

rice, the staple daily food is vegetables from the forest. , bamboo shoots, wood

ear mushrooms and other herbs. Ancestor worship is the main worship in the

family. Ban Vuong is regarded as the ancestor of the family, so he also worshiped

with their ancestors. In the social activities - the family of the Dao people in Yen

Bai, "Cap Sac" is a common practice and compulsory for all. Dao men have to go

through this ceremony, if they're still not do it when they are alive, their children

will make it for them after death, This is a rite of maturity ceremony remnants.

The Dao groups in Yen Bai have rich folk poetry, the people sing (Pa dung)

praising the love of couples, nature, the animal world in many diverse forms of

activities and also attached to religious, social, family songs. The Dao have many

fairy tales that tell about all phenomena happening in society and nature. The

stories are profoundly educational, brothers must live in harmony - love each

another.

Nowaday, most of the Dao people in the province have been granted land

use right certificates (according to the project of measuring and granting

certificates of forestry land in the province). For residential land and agricultural

land, which is only granted in the form of self-declaration or independent

measurement of each land plot, there is no cadastral map, so the granting data has

not been accurate, cadastral records have not been be completed.

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d) Thai ethnic group:

Thai people in Yen Bai province have about 58,581 people, accounting for

7.1% of the population in the province, belonging to the 4th most populous ethnic

minority after the Tay, Mong and Dao.

Thai people live mostly in districts, towns and cities in the province. In

particular, concentrated mainly in Van Chan district (36,786 people); Nghia Lo

town (14,134 people); Tram Tau district (4,363 people); and Mu Cang Chai

district (2,573 people).

Thai belongs to the Tay-Thai language group and belongs to the South

Asian language line. Thai letters appeared a long time ago. Today, Thai people

in addition to using Thai language, they are also fluent in Vietnamese.

In Yen Bai, Thai names are used officially and popularly. Thai people also

call themselves "Tay", "Tay Khao" is Thai Trang, "Tay Dam" is Thai Den. The

distinction between "Tay Khao" and "Tay Dam" is mainly based on women's

clothing and traditional cultural characteristics. Thai belongs to the Tay - Thai

language group and belongs to the South Asian language line. The Thai word

appeared a long time ago - when Lo Lang Chuong proclaimed the lord of Muong,

expanded the exploration of Muong Lo, established Thai society, established

customary laws, etc., in Mo Muong, these incidents were recorded in bamboo, do

paper, bark. Nowadays, there are very few people in Muong Lo who can write

and read ancient Thai words.

The Thai community lives concentrated into Muong village in the valley

basin, not far from each other, adapting to the knack for cultivating wet rice,

cotton, brocade weaving. Thanks in part to the Thai wet rice civilization tradition,

Yen Bai has gained the famous fields of Muong Lo, Tu Le or Muong Than and

Muong Tac in the past. Wet rice is the main food source, especially Thai people

use a lot of sticky rice. The Thai people have a lot of experience in fading, creating

ditches, and bringing water into the fields. Another part of income is from animal

husbandry and aquaculture. Fish field is a unique element of the Tay - Thai

culture. The traditional craft of the Thai people is to make cotton pallet, weave

brocade fabric with unique motifs, vibrant colors and good quality.

The traditional economy of the Thai Muong Lo people is a farming and husbandry

economy. With good natural conditions all year round combine with traditional

farming techniques (Thai Den people here are famous for farming techniques such

as methods of " bringing water into the field " by the system. Muong-phai-lai-lin

(opening ditches, building dams, leading water through obstacles, placing chutes),

in which the water tank is a great invention of the people in taking advantage of

the water power to bring water from low to high, by the method "Hoa - Canh -

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Thuy - Nau" ( burning rice straw to plow the agricultural production. ”Along with

farming, animal husbandry is also strongly developed here, such as buffaloes,

cows, goats, horses, etc. Besides cattle, poultry and waterfowl are a real source of

food, which raised to improve daily meals, especially during holidays, Tets and

festivals.

The Thai Muong Lo people develop many traditional handicrafts, first to

serve the needs of the family, and then to exchange goods with other ethnic

groups. Up to now, in Muong Lo area, brocade weaving, embroidery and sewing

of brocade clothes, blankets, cotton pillows and other household appliances have

developed strongly.

Traditional beliefs of Thai Muong Lo people are very rich and diverse. In

addition to ancestor worship (also called Ma Nha Phi Huon), Thai people also

worship other gods such as worshiping Muong village, field, and worshiping the

Then God if the lineages have someone who are the Then God. Folk festivals are

an essential part of the cultural and religious activities of the Thai people in

Muong Lo area. On a one-year cycle, the people have many big festivals of

village-like nature; Xen Ban festival , Xen Muong, Xen Dong, the festival to pray

for rain, the festival to go to the field, Xen Lau No festival , Xe Then festival ...

to festivals within the family like Tam Khuong Quai dedicate , "Tam Te Na" field

dedicate, buffalo dedicate "Tam Khuon Quai” or other rituals related to ancestor

worship and family rituals in which the "Sip Xi" ,full moon in July is One of the

biggest Thai festival in Yen Bai.

Thai Yen Bai people have rich folk art treasures. Folk songs, folk dances,

and folklore activities are held regularly in the daily life of the people. "Khap"

and "Then" are performed in spring festivals, singing to lovers, weddings and

funerals. Thai Muong Lo people have a quiet but romantic way of life, love

community activities, are willing to participate in the fun, especially the nights

"Khap Bao Xao” (singing in response), spreading, Nang Han festival, the Tham

Le cave play in January, many games such as "Han Khuong", Nem Con, Danh

Yen, "Tomakle”" (Chọi qua Le) ...

Thai people have traditional musical instruments that are still handed

down as Khen Be and 7 kinds of Pí (flute) very unique like "Pi Tot" which is a

one-hole flute, "Pi Pap" is the flute of love used to call each other confided, "Pi

Ra" using straws to blow etc ...

Thai literature is quite rich, lively and interesting. In addition to the

famous love songs such as "Song Tru Xon Xao" (to see off the lover), Tan Chu

Siet Suong ... historical and epic books in Thai characters such as: Quam To

Muong (story of Muong) ,Cam Hanh Tap sac klong (Cam Hanh against the

16

yellow flag) ... speaks of the historical relics and cultural traditions of the Thai

people in Nghia Lo - Van Chan area.

Bathing in streams is the oldest practice of Thai people, especially for

women and girls. Suoi Nung, the hot spring in Son A, Tu Le is the place where

cultural activities have these particular features.

The culinary activities of the Thai people are also quite picky in the way

of preparing, arranging, using spices and additives, which spices follow that

dish, a Thai dish is usually processed quite fairly elaborate with processing

techniques, how not to lose the typical flavor of the dish. There are many types

of Thai cooking such as grilling, Lam rice, sticky rice, composting, steaming,

boiling, dry, stir-frying, frying and eating raw, in which sticky and grill, Lam

rice and dry are used more by the people. . Fish is a fairly common food in daily

life of people in which grilled fish "Pa Pinh Top" is a famous specialty of Thai

Nghia Lo people.

Nowaday, most of the Thái people in the province have been granted

certificates (according to the project of measuring and granting certificates of

forestry land in the province). For residential land and agricultural land, which is

only granted in the form of self-declaration or independent measurement of each

land plot, there is no cadastral map, so the granting data has not been accurate,

cadastral records have not been be completed.

e) Nung ethnic group:

Nung ethnic group in Yen Bai province has about 18,741 people,

accounting for 2.2% of the population in the province, belonging to the 5th most

populous ethnic group after the Tay, Mong, Dao, Thai ethnic groups. The Nung

live mainly in Luc Yen district (14,571 people); Yen Binh 3,326 people.

The Nung ethnic group in Yen Bai mainly belongs to two group , Nung

An and Nung Phu groups (the name indicates the local group of the Nung

people). The Nung Yen Bai people have their own language, belong to the Tay -

Thai language group (the South Asian language line) and have very early scripts

- Nom Nung language. Nung ethnic group have the surname: Nong, Mong,

Hoang.

The Nung people in Yen Bai have their own language and writing in the

Mong - Dao language group (the South Asian language line). Today, living in the

present society, there is a strong cultural cross, so most of the Mong people in

working age and young people can use the voice and language of the Mong people

and they listen, read and understand Vietnamese, especially young people and

village elders and village officials can use both Mong and Vietnamese languages.

17

The Nung Yen Bai people have their own language, belong to the Tay -

Thai language group (the South Asian language line) and have very early scripts

- Nom Nung language. However, today with a wide cross-cultural among the

ethnic groups in the province, the Nung people, besides using their language,

they also use the Vietnamese fluently.

Because the Nung resides in a place with many forests, mountains and the

valley basin in the middle , the Nung people are very proficient in exploiting hill

land and upland cultivation; they cultivate wet rice in Plain land.

The main source of living of Nung Yen Bai people relies on rice: wet rice

and upland rice cultivation. People use pulling tools such as plowing, harrowing,

... systems to irrigate water, ditches to irrigate fields ... combined with new

science and technology, intensive farming to increase crops, using new varieties,

chemical fertilizer, pesticides, improving mixed gardens, planting industrial

crops, fruit trees of high economic value, so the economic efficiency on arable

land has been greatly improved. In addition to the food that comes from rice, the

Nung people also get many agricultural products such as corn, cassava and other

crops.

The main source of income of the Nung family is livestock production.

People develop animal husbandry both on land and in water. Cattle such as

buffaloes, cows, pigs and poultry such as chickens, ducks and swans are

common livestock. Water surface area used for raising fish, ducks, goose and

geese.

Traditional Nung handicrafts are still maintained such as carpentry:

making beds, wardrobes, tables, chairs, forging, production tools such as knives,

hoes, plowshares, etc., knitting; utensils made of bamboo and cork .

Nung Yen Bai people actively participate in the movement of planting

and protecting forests. In addition to planting timber trees, the people also

actively respond to planting industrial crops such as cinnamon and cassava;

High value fruit trees such as oranges, persimmons, tangerines, ...

Nung Yen Bai people live on stilt houses: 3 rooms, 5 rooms and 7

rooms. Currently there are make some ground houses.

In the Nung family, the altar is the most sanctuary that every family

must have. Altar worshiping Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara or Hac Ho Huyen Dan

(people called Ham worship); Ancestral worship and Hoa Vuong Thanh Mau

(Ba Mu). In the family, a worshiper is worshiped by the ancestor of the

worshiper, an incense bowl is placed higher than an ancestor's incense bowl. The

family has a physician to make incense bowls of the physician

18

Any Nung family worship Buddha in the house, some worship

Bodhisattva, some worship Ham. Nung people believe that there are two gods

who can help the family eliminate ghosts .

Worship of the Nung ancestors lasting to the 9-generation, but only to

the 3rd generation: starting from the father grandfather. The 4th generation was

great-grandfather, the ancestors turned into gods to keep the cattle, and the

people often worshiped outdoors during the Lunar New Year. The worshiping

practices on illustrating the beliefs of the Nung people are full of original

polytheistic beliefs mixed with Taoist, Buddhist and Confucianism elements.

Brocade embroidery, ceramic engraving and stone carving are still maintained.

The profession of making incense, weaving and dyeing fabrics is favored by

women.

The culinary activities of the Nung are simple but skillful. Foods made from

common agricultural products such as rice, corn, cassava, cultivated vegetables,

forest vegetables, meat and fish can be raised. The wine is made from

homemade Jar, cassava ingredients, rice, wine yeast made from natural herbs

and glutinous rice flour. The food on Tet holiday is made sophisticatedly

processed such as grilled fish, red sticky rice, purple sticky rice ...

Living in harmony among the ethnic communities in Yen Bai, the Nung live

honestly, are rich in creative labor, preserving their cultural traditions.

Nowaday, most of the Nung people in the province have been granted land

use right certificates (according to the project of measuring and granting

certificates of forestry land in the province). For residential land and agricultural

land, which is only granted in the form of self-declaration or independent

measurement of each land plot, there is no cadastral map, so the granting data has

not been accurate, cadastral records have not been be completed.

f) Muong ethnic group:

The Muong ethnic group has a population of about 16,541 people, accounting

for 2.0% of the provincial population and is the fifth most populous ethnic group

among ethnic minorities, after the Tay, Mong, Dao, Thai, Nung. The Muong

people live mainly in Van Chan district (11,113 people) and Tran Yen (3,015

people).

The Muong language belongs to the Vietnamese-Muong language group

(the South Asian language line). In the family, cultural exchange, Muong in Yen

Bai are influenced by the Vietnamese. Up to now, there has not been any Muong

script discovered in Yen Bai, although according to the folk epic, "Laying land

and laying water", Muong people have their ancient writing.

19

The Muong Yen Bai people reside mainly on the valleys along the

streams, The main economic form of Muong people is agriculture, most of

which is made up of wet rice. Wet rice is the main food crop. In addition, they

also make upland fields and plant other crops such as corn, potatoes, cassava.

Muong people have a lot of experience in small irrigation. In order to bring

water into the fields, people often build ditches, Phai and Con Nuoc. Previously,

crops were mainly grown in upland fields but now the people have taken

advantage of the time between 2 spring crops of land to plant more crops. Along

with diligence, creativity in labor and the application of science and technology,

bringing new varieties into the field, in many places the people have changed

from 2 crops to 3 crops of rice and vegetables / year.

In recent years, following the State's policy of forest and land allocation,

the Muong people have actively developed forest jobs, planted industrial crops

such as tea, cinnamon, coffee, and raising cattle and poultry such as: pigs,

chickens, buffaloes, cows ... contribute to increasing income, improving the

lives of people. Muong people in Nghia Lo town also have additional income

from traditional brocade weaving.

Muong people in Yen Bai have a tradition of patriotism, solidarity and

attachment to the community of ethnic groups in Vietnam, especially those

living close by such as Kinh, Tay, Thai ... Today relations between Muong and

other ethnic groups are not only attached by traditional relations but also have

other relationships such as connexion and twinning.

Muong ethnic people have a quite rich and unique culture. People often

live on stilts, mature in appearance, usually from three to five rooms, with pine

or grass roofing. If the Thai stilt house has Khau Cut as a symbol, the

characteristic of Muong stilt house is that there are 2 stairs, the main staircase

opposite the entrance, there are rhombus railing, the railing meant to keep safe

for people and also mean a decorative art. And the auxiliary staircase at the back

of the house is mainly for women to travel.

The worship of the people is quite simple, arranged in the order of

ancestor worship, Muong village, merit worship, and god worship. Ancestor

worship place is usually placed on a high floor near the roof of the second

compartment, where only the male or female host can sit or lie down.

Worshiping the ground is located at the top of the upstairs, while the gods set up

a small temple in the garden on the left of the stilt house, the worshiping items

are usually rice, wine, meat, cake, fruits.

Muong Yen Bai people consider the above poems to be the pride of their

nation and widely spread them among the people. The artists of Muong Ao

Luong (Son A commune - Van Chan) now memorize and sing the chapters in

20

"Giving land, laying water" or "Van Va". In addition to the common folk art

treasure of the whole nation, the Muong people in Van Chan also have the

legend of Ao Luong, Nang Han stories, and stories about the Muong such as:

Muong Cuc, Muong Dong, Muong Sang, Muong At . People also have many

traditional dances such as Hat Dang, Hat Vi...

Nowaday, most of the Nung people in the province have been granted

land use right certificates (according to the project of measuring and granting

certificates of forestry land in the province). For residential land and agricultural

land, which is only granted in the form of self-declaration or independent

measurement of each land plot, there is no cadastral map, so the granting data

has not been accurate, cadastral records have not been be completed.

2.2. Regarding the implementation of land policies for ethnic minority

areas in Yen Bai province.

Over the past years, the Provincial Party Committee, People's Council and

People's Committee of Yen Bai province have directed departments, agencies, and

People's Committees at all levels to pay attention to thoroughly grasp the Party's

guidelines and policies of the Party. The State and organization implement well

the guidelines and policies related to ethnic minorities. The Party's guidelines, the

State's policies to ensure the rights of ethnic minorities, especially in matters

related to land.

Allocating land, issuing land use right certificates of agricultural land and

residential land use right to households and individuals in accordance with the

approved land use planning and plan. In terms of land acquisition and

compensation, there are no hot spots in the province and especially in the

extremely difficult highland areas and areas of ethnic minorities; in settling

lawsuits and land disputes that have been done in a definitive and competent

manner.

Most of ethnic minorities have not conceived, known or fully understood

the rights and obligations of land users in the granting of land use right

certificates. The transfer and sale of land in ethnic minority areas are very few,

almost without transactions. The certificate of land use rights for ethnic

minorities has just stopped in terms of management, which is not significant as

an asset.

2.3. Project Impact assessment

Positive impact

The project is expected to mainly bring positive impacts to the communities

in the project area, including the interests of ethnic minorities, as follows:

21

- Reducing administrative time and increasing efficiency for land users:

The implementation of administrative procedures through the internet will

increase the transparency of information in the declaration and implementation of

human procedures. It saves time and efficiency in reaching out to government

agencies and employees. Based on administrative reforms, travel and paper costs,

along with issues of bureaucracy and distractions, will be minimized.

- Improvement of the business environment: With the transparency of land

information and the convenient retrieval of information, investors can obtain the

information they need to serve their business (e.g. using status and information of

the plot, the requirements and the procedures of the contract without visiting the

plot).

- Improved administrative procedures for public services and land users:

Based on the sharing of land information between related public services, such as

notary offices, law enforcement agencies, laws and tax authorities. This represents

a significant improvement in the accelerated coordination of public settlements

for land users. In particular, the link between the notary offices will avoid the

overlap in the notary service as the notary can check whether the parcel is

notarized in another location before they carry out notary services. This will also

result in a reduction in the cost of the verification process and verification of the

records as it is available on the MPLIS system. Households and individuals who

can benefit from the linkage between the Notary Public offices can reduce the

risks and costs involved. They can check whether their plots are in the project

area, or plan for new development or in a dispute. This will minimize the risk of

land transactions.

Negative impact

The project will focus on improving the legal framework, building and

operating MPLIS on the basis of existing land data for better land management

and socio-economic development. The project does not propose to build any civil

works, so there will be no land acquisition leading to physical and economic

displacement or restriction of land use. There will be no impact on the exploitation

of natural resources and vice versa, so the negative impact on the implementation

of the project is almost none. However, land dispute among some land users may

occur when the information related to land users is clear, specific and transparent.

This issue will be considered and discussed during consultation with EM

community in stage of project implementation.

2.4. Policy framework and legal basis

2.4.1. Current legal regulations of Vietnam for ethnic minority groups

22

The Party and the State of Vietnam have always considered the issue of

ethnicity as an important strategic issue in development plan of the country. All

ethnic minorities in Viet Nam have full citizenship rights and are protected by fair

and equitable statutes in accordance with the Constitution and the Law. The basic

policy is "Equality, solidarity, mutual assistance for mutual development", in

which the priority issue is "ensuring the sustainable development of ethnic

minority and mountainous areas".

The Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in 2013 recognizes

the right to equality among ethnic groups in Viet Nam (Article 5) as follows:

“1. The Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a unified nation of all ethnic

groups living in Vietnam.

2. Ethnic minorities, unity, mutual respect and mutual development; All

acts of stigma and discrimination are strictly forbidden.

3. The national language is Vietnamese. Ethnic groups have the right to use

their own language and scripts, to preserve their national identity and to promote

their fine customs, customs, traditions and culture.

4. The State shall implement the policy of integrated development and

create conditions for ethnic minority people to develop their internal strength and

develop together with the country. "

The Constitution, amended in 1946, 1959, 1980, 1992, and by 2013, states

that "all peoples are equal, united, respected and helped one another to grow

together; all acts of discrimination, ethnic discrimination; Ethnic Minorities has

the right to use their own language and script, maintain their identity, culture

customs, and traditions. The State shall implement the policy of comprehensive

development and create favorable conditions for ethnic minority people to

promote their internal strength to catch up with the national development. "

Land issues are of a political nature and can have an impact on the socio-

economic development of many countries, especially in developing countries.

Land policy has a great impact on the sustainable development and opportunities

for socio-economic development for all people in both rural and urban areas,

especially the poor.

Article 53 of the Constitution and Article 4 of the Land Law 2013 clearly

state the ownership of land as follows: "Land is owned by the entire people and is

managed by the State. The State grants land use rights to land users according to

the provisions of this Law. "Under this regulation, land is owned by the entire

people, the state acts as the owner's representative for management and the State

grants land use rights to land users under the form of land allocation, land lease

and recognition of land use rights in accordance with the provisions of Land Law.

23

Article 27 of the Land Law 2013 stipulates that the State is responsible for

development of policies on residential land and land for public activities for ethnic

minorities in accordance with customs, traditions, cultural dignity and the

practical situation of each region; development of policies to facilitate for ethnic

minorities who are directly involved in agricultural production in the countryside

to have land for agricultural production.

Article 28 of the Land Law of 2013 stipulates that the State shall be

responsible for establishing and managing the land information system and

ensuring the right of organizations and individuals to access to the land

information system; To promptly announce and publicize information to

organizations and individuals; Competent State agencies and people in the field

of land management and land use are responsible for facilitating and providing

land information for organizations and individuals in accordance with provisions

of laws.

Article 43, Land Law 2013 on "Collecting comments on land planning and

land use planning" stipulates that state agencies shall formulate land planning and

land use planning as provided for in paragraphs 1 and 2 of Article 42 This law

will be responsible for collecting comments from people on land planning and

land use planning. "Citizens' consultation will take place through public

disclosure of the content of land use planning and planning, through conferences

and direct consultations.

Article 110 of the Land Law 2013 stipulates the exemption and reduction

of land use fees and land rental in cases: using land for implementation of policies

on houses and residential land for the people with meritorious services to the

revolution, for poor households, for households and individuals of ethnic

minorities living in areas with especially difficult socio-economic conditions, in

bordering areas or islands; Using agricultural land of households and individuals

of ethnic minorities.

Under the provisions of the Land Law, a population community consists of

a Vietnamese community living in the same village, hamlet, residential quarter,

and similar residential area with traditional, customary or common family lineage.

The allocation or lease of land must give priority to households and individuals

who are ethnic minorities without land or lack of productive land in the locality

(Article 133).

The State requires the application of socio-economic policies for each

region and each ethnic group, taking into account the specific needs of ethnic

minority groups. Socio-economic development plan and strategy for Vietnam's

socio-economic development focus on ethnic minorities. Some of the major

national programs, such as Program 135 (infrastructure for poor, remote, and

24

remote areas) and Program 134 (removal of temporary housing) for ethnic

minority have been implementing.

2.4.2. WB’s operational policy on indigenous peoples

The WB’s Policy 4.10 (revised in 2013) requires the Borrower to conduct

a process of free, prior and informed consultation (FPIC) with the EM

communities of the potential adverse and positive effects of the project leading to

broad community support for the project. FPIC will be conducted at the beginning

and throughout the project cycle. The purpose of this consultation is to avoid or

minimize the negative impacts of the project on ethnic minority people, to ensure

that project activities are consistent with local culture and customs, and to

encourage local community participation in decision-making in line with the

World Bank policies.

WB’s safeguard policies defined that the indigenous people is group (a)

self-identified as members of separate indigenous cultural group that are

recognized by other groups; (b) together occupied separate habitat on

geographically; or ancestral territory in the project area and shared natural

resources in this environment or territory; (c) cultural regulations under a separate

habits and custom in comparison with mainstream culture and society; (d)

indigenous language often different with official language of the country or the

region.

Within the VILG project area, ethnic minority groups in the project areas

are likely to receive long-term benefits from being communicated in order to be

aware of the laws and have access to land information and land services. Ethnic

minority development planning (EMDP) is an action plan to maximize potential

positive impacts and mitigate potential negative impacts that may occur during

implementation of the project activities. To ensure the reduction of poverty and

sustainable development, at the same time, fully respect human dignity, human

rights, economic values and cultural identity of ethnic minorities.

III. RESULT OF COMMUNITY CONSULTATION

3.1. Main findings from social consultation

The Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Yen Bai

province has cooperated with mountainous districts in the project area to organize

consultation with ethnic minority people in 04 communes / 03 districts (Tan Linh

commune, To Mau commune, Luc Yen district; commune Suoi Giang, An Luong

commune, Van Chan district and La Pan Tan commune, Mu Cang Chai district).

Detailed information on the subjects consulted is in Annex 1

25

PPMU has conducted consultations with the following subjects: (1)

Carrying out management tasks such as officials of Departments, branches,

natural resources and environment departments, Chairmen of People's

Committees of communes, Commune cadastral public servants, ... ( 2)

Enterprises, organizations using land; and (3) Ethnic minority community. The

results of summarizing the content from the specific consultation cards are as

follows:

No. Contents of

consultation

Managing staff Organization EM people

good average weak good average weak good average weak

1

Status of land

information supply

by land registration

agencies to land

users in localities

2 IT applying and

using skills

3

Dealing with land

administrative by

land registration

agencies

4

Dealing with land

complaints and

disputes

5

Knowledge

disseminating and

awareness raising for

communities about

land information

After PPMU’s introduction of the ‘Vietnam Improved Land Governance and

Database’ project, its specific targets and benefits, most of the consulting people,

especially EM ones, expressed the agreement and supports for the project. They

proposed to have early project implementation so that necessary land information

can be provided to them more conveniently.

To avoid the project’s undesired impacts on the EM groups, most of

consulting people accepted with the following proposed solutions:

- Strengthening the land information supply to land users in multiple forms

(as well as for public services) to limit the complaints and disputes in land by

citizens and businesses.

- Disseminating the information about the importance of land information

for awareness raising for the EM groups and for the poor in multiple forms which

are culturally and customarily appropriated.

- Training computer skills for hamlet’s/village’s staffs and citizens.

26

3.2. Consultation framework and method of community consultation

PPMU shall establish a consultation frame including issues on gender and

intergeneration to provide the consulting opportunities and participation of EM

communities, EM’s organizations, and other civil organizations in project activities

during the project implementation. The consultation framework shall clarify (i)

targets of consultation, (ii) contents of consultation; (iii) consultation methods; and

(iv) information feedback. Based on the consultation framework, a consultation

plan shall be developed and implemented as following: (i) Targets of consultation

and fundamental information required from them; (ii) determining issues needed

for consultation; (iii) selecting the consultation methods which are relevant for

targets of consultation and culture of EM groups; (iv) selecting the locations and

times for consultation appropriate with culture and custom of EM groups; (v)

budgets for implementation; (vi) implementing consultation; and (vi) use of

consultation results and responses.

Some common and effective consultation methods are (i) community

meeting or group discussion (ii) interviews with the key information providers or

in-depth interviews; (iii) use of structured questionnaires; (iv) Mobile exhibition

and demonstration. The selected methods and languages shall be accordant with

the cultures and practices of EM communities. Also, adequate time shall be

allocated for gaining broad support from people involved.

Relevant, adequate, and available project’s information (including negative

and potential impacts) need to be provided to EM people in the ways that are most

culturally appropriated during the project implementation.

IV. ACTION PLAN OF EMDP

Based on results of consultation and assessment, an action plan including

following activities is proposed to ensure that the EM people receive the maximal

socio-economic benefits of the project in culturally appropriated manner,

including training to enhance the capacity of the project implementing agencies.

Activity 1: Establish a district-level community consultation group.

To build a way for disseminating information and receiving feedbacks from

land users (especially the EM communities), a district-level community

consultation group (DCCG) shall be established. Representatives from EM board

of project district, land management and registration offices, PPMU, communal

leader board and cadastral officials, communal fatherland front and women’s

union. People’s Committee of Yen Bai shall issue a decision to establish the group

and its mechanisms of operation. The group’s tasks are to disseminate project’s

information and implement meaningful consultations with EM communities

focusing on project’s activities with aims to obtain EM’s consent and board

27

support and to promptly provide EM’s feedback to PPMU implementing units and

EM communities as below:

- The needs for land information by local EM communities;

- The EM’s cultures and practices to be considered during the project

implementation;

- Customs in EM’s land uses to be considered during land-related processes

and land information delivery;

- Constraints in disseminating information to, consulting with and getting

participation of EM communities during the project implementation and the use

of project’s results;

- Solutions for the mentioned constraints to guarantee maintaining the EM’s

broad supports for the project and the effective and sustainable use of project’s

results;

Acceptances of complaints and coordination between the relevant agencies

in solving complaints and responding back to complainants in a satisfactory and

timely manner.

Project’s PPMU and relevant units shall maintain regular consultations

with DCCG during the project implementation.

Culturally appropriated and useable consultation methods are community

meeting, target-based group discussion (i.e. women or vulnerable groups), deep

interviews with major information providers (i.e. village patriarchs, heads of

hamlet(s) / villages, cadastral officials, representative(s) from relevant services

delivery agencies), and model exhibition. The methods shall be included with

gender, intergenerational, and voluntary issues without any interferences.

Consultation shall be two-way, where announcement and discussion are

done together with dialogue and response. Consultations are made with goodwill,

freedom, without any obligations (no people with influences shall be involved in

the meeting), and with full information to people involved in the consultation for

gaining consent and broad support from EM communities. Methods of access

shall be guaranteed to deal with gender issues, relevant to the needs of

disadvantaged and vulnerable groups, respectful to the comments from vulnerable

groups, and included with other stakeholders. If land users are EM they shall be

provided with highest possible amount of information, which is culturally

appropriated during the project implementation, monitoring and evaluation with

aims for involvement and integration. Information are included with but not

limited to the project’s concepts, design, proposal, protection, implementation,

monitoring and evaluation.

28

All information on the project activities to be consulted with EM

community shall be provided to EM people in two ways. Firstly, information shall

be shared in the monthly meeting between the heads of hamlets/villages and

leaders of communal people’s committees or consultation group for later

transferring to hamlets’ citizens in village meetings in a culturally appropriated

way and relevant EM languages. Secondly, announcements in Vietnamese and

EM language(s) (if required) will be made public at the communal people’s

committees in at least a week before the consultation event. Early announcement

is to guarantee to provide sufficient time for citizens to understand, evaluate and

analyze information related to the proposed activities before consultation.

Moreover, the project activities shall have active participation and

instruction (either official or unofficial) of local personnels such has heads of

hamlets, members in the hamlets’ teams of mediation, etc. Communal board of

supervision shall closely monitor the involvement of local organizations and

personnels in various VILG’s activities. Inputs for monitoring and evaluation may

be the EM’s ability to access to land information system established in the project,

benefits from the receivable information, etc. By allowing different stakeholders

(in EM groups) involved in making project’s plan, implementation, monitoring

and evaluation, it will be able to guarantee the EM people to receive socio-

economic benefits from the project in culturally appropriated ways. With the

participation of EM community, it will strengthen the transparence and efficiency

of the land information established in VILG, and the project’s objectives for EM

groups will be achieved. Building capacity for stakeholders, especially the

consultation group, shall help avoiding the existing constraints in local

community consultation such as one-way consultation, insufficient information,

hasty and obligated manners.

Activity 2: Communication campaign using modern communication tools

- Communication strategies

An appropriated communication strategy shall be established and

implemented to promote the citizens’, especially EM’s and vulnerable groups’,

needs for land information. At the same time, it expresses the stronger

commitment of local authorities in solving the constraints in complete land

information services delivery. VILG’s communication strategies (CS) and project

operation manual (POM) shall consider the contents and requirements made by

citizens in the local community consultations, and not miss the vulnerable groups

and their benefits. CS shall establish a two-way environment for dialogue, which

means it is a channel for project’s information transferred to community, and also

a channel for listening, responses and feedbacks to the communities’ concerns.

Given that, a comprehensive communication strategy to support the project shall

29

be designed and implemented. A draft of communication strategy shall deal with

following issues:

- The service delivery parties

✓ Ways to achieve and strengthen the commitment of both central and

local authorities and personnels in reforming existing land information system.

This is a social mobilization process to gain land users’ belief. As a result, the

land administration agencies shall establish a favorable environment with

supports from VILG; the regular involvement of land users shall be guaranteed

by consulting for their concerns about the benefits of land use as well as access to

land information; reliable delivery of land information in localities. Moreover,

local personnels shall strengthen their communicating skills; understanding,

facilitating, and making forums for communities to response during the VILG

project implementation.

✓ Ways to build the bases for the community participation in

discussions and dialogues with land officials on different topics including their

concerns and the need for an understanding of their land use rights as well as land

information to be acquired from the project’s information system;

✓ Ways to build communication bases at various levels (reporting

sessions for citizens, hamlet meetings, etc.) to be able to receive feedbacks on the

activities of services delivery parties and their ability in solving the increasing

demands on the land information services, which is also a VILG’s result.

Procedures for the feedback mechanism shall be clear and transparent with special

focus on the vulnerable group. E.g. Issues associated to information receiving

channel and stakeholders shall be responsible for handling the feedbacks within

an anticipated amount of time. Prompt guidance and satisfaction of land users’

concerns and suggestions shall be achieved by communication strategies and

monitoring processes.

- The users

✓ How to strengthen the needs and maintain the use of land information

services, especially in the vulnerable group.

✓ How to make changes in communicating behaviors, especially in

different EM groups in the project area. Communication strategies and documents

shall be designed in the way that accounted for differences in behavior cultures

among various EM groups and made appropriate changes to fit with these

behaviors.

✓ How to adjust the activities in local disseminating sessions in land

information in the communication campaigns to solve specific needs of various

EM groups in terms of languages and cultures. Strategy shall be considered with

30

differences in information sharing among various EM group, and taking

advantage of reliable communication structures and mechanisms, and both EM’s

official and unofficial organizations to disseminate the project information, and

allowing supports and consultation with EM’s people in land use using relevant

languages and in culturally appropriated ways. Local personnels are encouraged

to proactively support the inaccessible group.

✓ Mechanisms for clearing constraints, barriers, and difficulties raised

from EM’s practices and religions, and for responding to stakeholders’ queries.

- Community accessing communication

Relevant communication documents for disseminating: Making and

disseminating a complete set of printed and audiovisual documents (i.e. files,

flyers, posters, documentary, training programs, TV’s advertisements, radio, etc.

attached with relevant logos, messages, and mottos) for the targeted groups in

communication campaigns. It is necessary to guarantee transferring main

messages and knowledge to VILG’s stakeholders including the vulnerable groups.

This shall contribute to awareness raising for land users, changing their attitudes

and behaviors in seeking for land information in long-term and making changes

and maintaining encouraged behavior. Documents design shall be appropriated

(both in social and cultural aspects are acceptable) for targeted groups using

standards for making communication documents (clear, concise, well-organized,

and completed, etc.). Documents shall be carefully developed for effective sharing

with intellectual, working, and EM families where Vietnamese is their second

language. Hence, a non-technical language and illustrations shall be used. These

documents shall be tested in selected communities in the project areas for

completeness and effectiveness assessment. Finally, it is crucial to direct and train

stakeholders in the effective uses of communication documents as already

determined in the communication strategies.

Communication campaign: Public communication campaigns can be

appropriated for one-dimensional information sharing. The campaigns shall be

focused on the information in specific areas, where local television and radio can

be used for broadcasting. Communal broadcasting can be an effective way for

disseminating to a large group of people with relatively low cost. However,

communal broadcasting may not be saved at all time and not be used in areas

where people are sparsely inhabited. Pieces of music, skits or easy-to-remember

mottos, if appropriately used can help to solve the mentioned issues with some

level of effectiveness. Public information (including maps, planning, and

procedures in an accessible way) delivery at both district and communal levels is

useful. Before MPLIS implementation, the communication campaigns shall be

implemented focusing on the fundamental benefits and knowledge of access and

31

use of MPLIS’s land information and relevant fees (if any). These campaigns shall

be implemented by meeting, public media or dissemination of printed or

audiovisual IEC documents depending on the local social contexts.

Participation of local information focal persons: Local authorities are

encouraged to participate and promote the village’s personnels, especially

community organizations and trade union. Focal points of contact shall be

village/hamlet heads since many studies demonstrated their importance and

effectiveness in communication. These organizations and individuals are mainly

local EM inhabitants thus, they shall be very active in disseminating policies and

programs to relevant local residents. Each locality shall decide the most relevant

and effective information focal points in the local contexts.

Consulting: Evaluations shown that there are people with no knowledge of

land laws and how to apply them in practice (legal explanation). Given that,

consultants with EM communities is required along with MPLIS.

Regular local meetings: regular communal (and ward) meetings including

question and answer sessions might be one of the most effective ways to support

the local communities in project participation by receiving and responding to their

concerns. In urban area, it shall provide the citizens participating with local land

administration officials in close manner. Information for the poor, however, shall

be provided by direct visit to their houses or in meetings with the poor since the

poor usually misses common meetings.

Modern tools: PPMU shall prepare the communication contents and make

use of easy-to-understand tools such as DVD with Vietnamese language, and in

some VILG’s components, project’s contents might be translated into EM

languages (if required). These will be prepared for use during the operation

process in localities based on the DCCG. Access to and use of MPLIS and LROs’

services are some contents introduced in this communication tool. This

communication tool will be archived in the communal cultural centers or PC for

introducing about VILG and land information management and access.

Modern equipment: PPMU shall consider to equip computers at the

communal or hamlet’s offices to allow EM people to access to information (with

training and instruction). PPMU shall strengthen land information access and

sharing to EM people.

Activity 3: Training for village / hamlet heads, village patriarchs, and

prestigious people in the community

In order to equip knowledge and presentation skills for dissemination,

creative use of knowledge, management skills, skills in solving problem for EM

communities during implementation of assignments of village / hamlet’s heads,

32

etc., mobilization of EM households’ participation and support for implementing

the project’ objectives,. PPMU shall coordinate with CPMU in organizing training

courses for village / hamlet’s heads, village patriarchs, and prestigious people of

communities, etc. so that they can provide supports during the project

implementation. Training courses shall be organized as soon as possible and

through the process of project implementation.

Activity 4: Organize meetings in villages, hamlets, etc. and communes.

In hamlets and villages where there are large populations of EM groups,

PPMU and DCCG shall organize communal and hamlet’s meetings with EM

people for responding to their questions and concerns (with translations into EM’s

languages (if any)). These activities shall be started before the project

implementation and maintained during the project’s cycle.

Channels and ways to access to land information and documents,

preference policies, and information feedback mechanism are also introduced in

these meetings with EM groups.

PPMU shall coordinate with public media (local radio, television, or news)

in disseminating mentioned information in the local public media.

Documents used for citizen meetings and communal consultation are

provided by PPMU based on CPMU’s templates, legal documents or

disseminating communications. Documents and information are made in a simple

way with clear mottos and illustrations. If funds can be allocated, some key

contents will be translated into EM’s languages (if any) for sharing in the local

EM communities.

Activity 5: Training for land administration officials

Training and strengthening the roles, responsibilities, and skills of

personnels in state land management in localities (LROs) and to guarantee for

solving land administrative procedures to meet the needs of EM’s people.

Organizing orientation workshops for land officials in accessing and

working with ethnic minorities. Particular attentions are paid to: (1) the special

needs of EM communities, and (2) importance of the roles and responsibilities of

involved personnels in the Communist Party’s strategies, guidelines, and lines,

and the State’s policies and laws related to the socio-economic development in

the EM’s areas. Strengthening services quality of personnels involved in services

delivery in land information and administrative procedures; (3) communicating

skills in working with EM people.

Activity 6: Establishing supporting services for accessing to land

information and land registration for ethnic minorities communities

33

LRO’s branches shall provide supporting services for accessing to land

information and land registration for EM groups in the rural and mountainous

areas by appointing personnels to regularly work with them in the communal PC.

At the same time, training the communal personnels in query, acceptance, and use

of land information system in internet for providing land information to EM

groups as well as for conforming land transaction contracts.

Branches of LROs shall consult with communal leaders, villages’/ hamlets’

heads and communal community participatory group (CCPG) for making regular

plans and working schedules to fit with the conditions of EM groups.

Villages’/hamlets’ authorities shall make these plans and working schedules

public to citizens for convenient use in their own needs.

Project shall promote the activities of local organizations such as Youth

Union, Women Union, and other civil social organizations. These organizations

may strengthen the efforts in information transparence in the EM communities by

getting involved in the plan making process with participation and capacity

building. Supporting personnels from local organizations, especially Youth Union

and Women Union, are highly encouraged for employment.

Procedures for transactions and access to land information will be

established in communes. Also, other land-related procedures are implemented at

communal offices. Communal land officials will support local residents to avoid

inconveniences. Forms for transactions and access to land information will be

public in communal PC offices /villages’ cultural offices or the meeting rooms).

Activity 7: Establishment of a dispute settlement mechanism.

In the project’s training courses, local land administration officials shall be

informed to notice PPMU about any EM-related land issues despite the results of

local mediation were success or failed.

Grievance redress mechanism (GRM) and monitoring mechanisms are

established in the EMDP and shall be implemented pursuant to POM and CPMU’s

guidance.

To support these mechanisms, VILG’s PPMUs shall appoint personnels in

charge of tracking the implementation of the GRM and reporting the results of

solving and mitigating the complaints to the CPMU and the Bank.

To minimize potential disputes and complaints which may be raised during

project implementation, the State official dispute settlement mechanism is needed.

The project shall establish an official channel to receive land-related complaints

and disputes through the GRM. Beside of the official channel, EM groups are

encouraged to use unofficial/traditional institutions in the communities such as

village/hamlet’s heads, village patriarchs, etc. for resolving their complaint and

34

disputes. Each village and hamlet shall establish a mediation team to support the

communal PC in mitigating and resolving disputes.

Activity 8: Monitoring and evaluation.

The Project Monitoring System is designed to examine the level of

acceptance and satisfaction of the communities including the Kinh and Ethnic

minority people in land management services in the participating districts.

Internal monitoring by the VILG Central Board and PPMUs will be

monthly implemented in the project area. The internal monitoring aims to review

progress of implementation of the approved EMDP and compliance issues. If any

issues/problems are identified, remedies will be proposed and implemented to

resolve the issues. A semi-annual internal monitoring report will be submitted to

the Bank for review. The World Bank project Team will also carry out

supervisions to support PPMUs for implementation of the EMDP and resolve

issues raised during project implementation. A final monitoring and evaluation

will be conducted after completion of all activities of EMDP for 6-12 months to

evaluate the extent to which the objectives of the EMDP have been achieved and

any necessary action need to be implemented additionally to achieve objectives

of the EMDP.

In addition, the Provincial VILG Committee in collaboration with the

People’s Committees of districts and PPMUs to organize workshops to evaluate

and draw experience in the implementation process.

V. ORGANIZATION OF IMPLEMENTATION

− CPMU is responsible for training and directing the implementing

agencies and monitoring the implementation of EMDPs pursuant to EMDF and

project’s POM.

− Chairman of provincial PC is responsible for approving provincial

EMDPs, directing the implementation of the plans, and allocating sufficient funds

for project implementation.

− Provincial Department of Natural Resources and Environment (DONRE)

and VILG’s PPMU shall coordinate with district PCs in organizing the

implementation of EMDP pursuant to project’s POM.

− VILG’s PPMU shall appoint a staff as a social focal person. This staff is

responsible for coordinating and supervising the implementation of the EMDP

and preparing internal monitoring report to submit to CPMU and the Bank every

6 months.

− Representatives from provincial/district Boards of ethnic minorities,

DCCGs and communal land administration officials shall coordinate with VILG’s

PPMU to organize consultation sessions; evaluating and consulting issues

35

associated with project implementation, and EM people; monitoring the

community’s acceptance and satisfaction of the land information management /

access to services in project’s districts, including residents in the areas (both

ethnic majority and minority groups).

− EM communities are responsible for monitoring and reporting about the

implementation of project in the communities and project’s negative impacts on

the communities.

− Regular reports from VILG’s PPMU (every 6 months) shall include

status of the EMDP implementation, EM’s feedbacks on the project’s activities in

the province and the plan for implementation of follow-up activities.

During the implementation process, any difficulties shall be informed to the

VILG’s PPMU and provincial steering committee for proper and timely

responses.

VI. DISSEMINATION OF ETHNIC MINORITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN

AND EM PARTICIPATION

6.1. Disclosure of EMDP

PPMU has shared EMDF in technical training and EM community

consultation sessions and uploaded it on the local websites.

EMDP draft was consulted with local authorities and EM communities

before submitting to WB for approval. The approved EMDP will be promulgated

to EM groups again using simple and easy-to-understand languages in the village

/ hamlet meetings and be archived in the communal PC, communities’ cultural

offices to provide EM communities an opportunity to access to and to understand

the plan. The approved EMDP will also be uploaded on the WB’s website.

During the project implementation, any change or impacts occurred, they

will be updated in the EMDP. Updated EMDP will be submitted to the WB for

approval and later promulgated to EM communities in the project areas.

6.2. EM participation

To ensure the EM participation in the project implementation, meaningful

consultation shall be made in a free way with sufficient information provided

before the implementation of project activities. PPMU has consulted EM

communities including the beneficial and influencing households for evaluating

their needs for the land information services delivery. The feedbacks from EM

communities are guaranteed to be considered during the project design and

implementation.

During the EMDP preparation, community consultations were made by

public meetings, individual interviews, and group discussions. Residents in hamlets

from project areas including beneficiaries and affected people were participated and

36

involved in the discussion and information sharing. Women, the vulnerable groups,

and the Youth were invited and encouraged to speak up. EM groups in communes

from the project areas were also consulted. Their representing organizations such

as communal and hamlets’ Women Union, Co-operative, Farmer Association, and

Youth Union were consulted as well.

EM community consultations were made for 04 project communes

focusing on following issues: a) positive and negative impacts on the households

and communities, b) avoidances or mitigations of negative impacts on the

communities, and c) socio-economic opportunities provided to EM households

and communities by the project.

Consultation meetings were organized with the participations of all

stakeholders including provincial board of ethnicity, representatives from district

offices such as office of ethnicity, land registration, women union, and

representatives from project communes to interact with provincial board of

ethnicity, district offices of ethnicity and question on the released policies for EM

people as well as completed and ongoing programs in the project areas related to

land use.

Consultation mechanism and participation of EM people in the project

implementation: before implementation, voluntary participation with sufficient

information provided to gain wide agreements of EM groups as well as during the

project implementation with meeting minutes. Communities’ feedbacks were

considered and included in the project design. Useable consultation methods and

participation are group discussions, interviews with key people, prestigious

people, and model demonstration. Consultation methods and participation shall

be culturally appropriated with EM groups, dealt with gender and

intergenerational issues, and included with vulnerable groups.

VII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

Two-level grievance redress mechanism was established for the project

including the community and the authority levels. In each project commune, a

mediating team will be established to receive and deal with concerns or conflicts

by traditional meditations. If complaints cannot be solved at the community level,

it will then be sent to the authority level by communal, district, and provincial

one-stop shops, and then to the court.

Social focal person of PPMU is responsible to receive citizens’ complaints

(if any) and work with local authorized agencies in solving the cases and to

monitor the cases until the end. The results shall be informed in written documents

to complainants. Complaints and solving results shall be reported in specific in

reports of EMDP implementation and submitted to CPMU and WB.

37

VIII. ESTIMATED COST

Estimated costs for implementation of this Ethnic Minority Development Plan

include costs for implementing activities mentioned in this report. The budget will come

from the project cost.

Budget to implement this plan will be taken from the budget of the local counterpart.

The total estimated budget is 463,000,000 VND. (In words: Four hundred and sixty

three million dong), equivalent to 20,000 USD (converted 1USD = 23,150 VND at the time of

submission to the Provincial People's Committee for approval). The process will be

implemented according to the estimates by the competent authority specific approval.

NO CONTENT UNIT NUMBER

UNIT

PRICE

(USD)

AMOUNT

(USD)

TOTAL 20,000

Activity 1:

Community consultation

group and workshops 2 times

a year

5,000

-

Remuneration for the

Community Consultation

Group (Officials of

environmental resources

agency, local ethnic minority

management agency, local

cultural agency, ethnic

minority community

representative,,,)

Work and earn

salary according to

concurrently

- Other expenses (travel,

printing, ,,,) 1 5,000 5,000

Activity 2: Use modern and effective

communication tools

Integrating into

sub-component 1,3 - Building media content

(under DVD format)

- Broadcast and print DVD

Activity 3:

Training for village and

hamlet leaders Organize 01

conference to train village

and hamlet leaders (120

people x 1 day)

conference 1 3,000 3,000

38

Activity 4

Organize meetings with

villagers, villages and

communes (5 meetings / year

x 3 years)

Meeting 15 600 9,000

Activity 5

Training of land managers

(Organizing orientation

workshops for land

managers to approach ethnic

minorities) (2 conferences /

provinces)

Integrating into the

project's training

programs and

other programs of

the central and

localities

Activity 6

Establish services to

facilitate access to land

information and land

registration in communities

where ethnic minorities live,

Funds from

regular operation

expenditure

sources of

registered office

-

Funds to support the ROK to

provide services to access

land information and land

registration for ethnic

minority groups in remote

areas (20 communes * every

2 years)

-

The land registration office

trains commune-level

officials to support access and

use of land information

systems via the Internet

Activity 7 Community mediation board 3,000

-

Organizing training

workshops on improving

dispute resolution skills of

cadastral officials and

reconciliation teams in

villages (150 people x 1 day)

Conference 3 1,000 3,000

Activity 8 Monitoring and evaluation

39

-

Monitoring and evaluation of

project activities in the

province by ethnic group,

poverty / near-poor / non-

poor status and gender,

Integrating into

Mini-component 3

IX. MONITORING AND EVALUATION

Provincial project management unit (PPMU) of VILG is responsible for

internal monitoring on the EMDP implementation. Monitoring reports will be

submitted to the World Bank for review and comments every 6 (six) months.

Monitoring and evaluation activities should be conducted twice a year during

project implementation to identify issues that may require remedy action from

PPMU.

Monitoring and evaluation criteria of EMDP implementation are as below:

TABLE 1: M&E CRITERIA OF THE EMDP IMPLEMENTATION

Monitoring and evaluation

activities Basic indicators

1. Progress of the EMDP

• Implementation of free, prior and informed consent

with EM people

• Implementation of activities proposed in the EMDP

• Any delay in implementation, reason and solutions for

the delay.

2. Community consultation

and participation of EM

people

• Information disclosure and consultation with Ethnic

minority communities, commune authorities, village and hamlet

leaders, and local mass organizations;

• Participation of Ethnic minority communities,

representatives of hamlets, hamlets ... and local mass

organizations in implementation and monitoring of the EMDP

implementation.

• Participation of EM women and vulnerable group

3. Implement potential

negative mitigation measures • Implementation of all measures to mitigate negative

impacts from the project must be effectively implemented.

4. Implementation of specific

development interventions for

local ethnic minority

communities

• Assess effectiveness of the implementation of the action

plan.

5. Complaints / Grievances • Ethnic minority communities have a clear understanding

of the grievance mechanism; resolving their complaints in

timely and satisfactorily and culturally appropriate manner.

40

ANNEX 1: PARTICIPANTS IN THE COMMUNITY CONSULTATION

No. Name Address/Unit Male Female

I. Province level = 4 3 1

1 Le Cong Tien Deputy Director of DONRE x

2 Le Van Bac Specialist of DONRE x

3 Sa Huy Hoang

Department of Propaganda and

Policy Department of Ethnic

Minorities

x

4 Nguyen Thi Ngoc Bich Head of Socio-Economic Division,

Provincial Women's Union x

II District level

I Luc Yen District 6 3 3

1 Hoang Manh Tuan Resources and Environmental

Department x

2 Ha Khanh Vinh Ethnic Affairs Division x

3 Hoang Van Soai Financial planning office x

4 Nguyen Hong Nhung Division of Agriculture and Rural

Development x

5 Tran Cao Son Luc Yen Tax Department x

6 Doan Thi Thu Hương District Women's Union x

II Tran Yen District 5 2 3

1 Nguyen Thi Kim Xuyen Vice President of Women's Union x

2 Nguyen Thi Minh Luong Deputy Head of Natural Resources

and Environment Division x

3 Sin Thi Huong Deputy Head of Ethnic Affairs

Division x

4 Le Tran Linh Specialist of Finance - Planning

Department x

5 Nguyen Van Truong Specialist of Agriculture and Rural

Development Department x

III Mu Cang Chai District 6 5 1

1 Phan Duc Cuong Bureaucrat of Environmental

Resource Department x

2 Ly A Khua Bureaucrat of Department of

Agriculture and Rural Development x

3 Do Xuan Thao Bureaucrat of Department of Ethnic

Affairs Division x

4 Vang A Ly Bureaucrat of Department of

Finance - Planning

5 Nguyen Nhu Hung Tax department officer x

6 Sung Thi My Vice President of Women's Union x

III District level

41

Luc Yen District

I Tan Linh Commune 20 11 9

1 Pham Trung Kien People’s Committee of Tan Linh

Commune x

2 Lo Van Hung People’s Committee of Tan Linh

Commune x

3 Ban Thi Sang People’s Committee of Tan Linh

Commune x

4 Hoang Thi Bien People’s Committee of Tan Linh

Commune x

5 Hoang Dinh Tuan People’s Committee of Tan Linh

Commune x

6 Tran Thi Tuyet Hamlet 1 , Tan Linh Commune x

7 Hoang Thi Danh Hamlet 2, Tan Linh Commune x

8 Luc Van Giap Hamlet 2, Tan Linh Commune x

9 Hoang Kim Phan Hamlet 3, Tan Linh Commune x

10 Hoang Thi Hang Hamlet 3, Tan Linh Commune x

11 Le Thi Hoa Qua Hamlet 4, Tan Linh Commune x

12 Hoang Van Sang Hamlet 4, Tan Linh Commune x

13 Do Hong Dong Hamlet 5, Tan Linh Commune x

14 Hoang Thi Nguyet Hamlet 5, Tan Linh Commune x

15 Pham Thi Sim Hamlet 6, Tan Linh Commune x

16 Cu Xuan Toan Hamlet 7, Tan Linh Commune x

17 Vi Thi Dung Hamlet 8, Tan Linh Commune x

18 Vi Van Huan Hamlet 9, Tan Linh Commune x

19 Dang Van Phong Hamlet 9, Tan Linh Commune x

20 Hoang Van Do Center hamlet x

II To Mau Commune 11 8 3

1 Hoang Van Hoa People’s Committee of To Mau

Commune x

2 Tran Manh Hoang People’s Committee of To Mau

Commune x

3 Nong Thi Huong Giang People’s Committee of To Mau

Commune x

4 Le Cong Luan People’s Committee of To Mau

Commune x

5 Hoang Quynh People’s Committee of To Mau

Commune x

6 Hoang Thi Hong Ngoi Tham Hamlet, To Mau

Commune x

7 Hoang Van Hanh Trung Tam Hamlet, To Mau

Commune x

42

8 Nguyen Thi Nguon Lang Muong Hamlet, To Mau

Commune X

9 Trieu Van Son Quyet Thang Hamlet, To Mau

Commune x

10 Dang Van Minh Ngoi Chang Hamlet, To Mau

Commune x

11 Truong Van Ninh Ngoi Chang Hamlet, To Mau

Commune x

Tran Yen District

I District level 6 2 4

1 Nguyen Thi Kim Xuyen Vice President of Women's Union x

2 Nguyen Thi Minh Luong Deputy Head of Natural Resources

and Environment Division x

3 Sin Thi Huong Deputy Head of Ethnic Affairs

Division x

4 Le Tran Linh Specialist of Finance - Planning

Department x

5 Nguyen Van Truong Specialist of Department of

Agriculture and Rural Development x

6 Nguyen Thi Thanh

Huong Officer of the Tax Department x

II Commune level

I Van Hoi Commune 11 7 4

1 Nguyen Manh Dan Vice president of commune people's

committee x

2 Phung Xuan Phong Cadastral Official x

3 Nguyen Van Hung Justice - Civil Status Officer x

4 Mai Quang Tien Secretary of Youth Union x

5 Tong Gia Cong Head of Commune Fatherland Front x

6 Nguyen Thi Oanh President of Commune Women's

Union x

7 Lo Thi Thong Secretary of Party Cell, Village 8

Minh Phu x

8 Do Viet Lien Secretary of the Party cell of Village

4 Dong Chao x

43

9 Hoang Thi Hang Head of Women's Union, Village 4,

Dong Chao x

10 Do Trong Khai Secretary of Labor Party cell x

11 Nguyen Thi Nhung Secretary of Khe Mon Village, Khe

Mon x

II Luong Thinh

Commune 15 9 6

1 Trieu Khanh Thien Vice Chairman of CPC x

2 Nguyen Van Bien Land officials x

3 Duong Dinh Vy Judicial officer x

4 Cao Manh Hung Secretary of Youth Union x

5 Pham Ngoc Hung President of the Fatherland Front x

6 Tran Thi Thuy Mai President of the Women's Union x

7 Trieu Thi Quynh Vuc Tron Village Women's Union

Leader x

8 Nguyen Thi Nguyet The Head of Women's Union in

Dong Bang 1 + 2 village x

9 Bui Van Toan Secretary of Dong Bang 1 + 2 Youth

Union x

10 Nguyen Thi Hang Head of Women's Union, Khe Lua x

11 Hoang Van Hoan Secretary of Khe Lua Youth Union x

12 Ha Ngoc Anh Secretary of Khe Lua Youth Union

Luong Mon x

13 Trieu Thi Tinh Village Women's Union Leader, Khe

Bat Village x

14 Ly Kim Huy Secretary of Khe Bat Youth Union

Luong Mon x

15 Ban Thi Lan Village Women's Union Leader,

Luong Thien Village x

Mu Cang Chai District

I District Level 6 5 1

1 Phan Duc Cuong Bureaucrat of Department of Natural

Resources and Environment X

44

2 Ly A Khua Bureaucrat of Department of

Agriculture and Rural Development X

3 Do Xuan Thao Bureaucrat of Ethnic Affairs

Division X

4 Vang A Ly Bureaucrat of Department of

Finance - Planning X

5 Nguyen Nhu Hung Tax department officer X

6 Sung Thi My Vice President of Women's Union X

II Commune level

1 Pan Tan Commune 17 11 6

1 Giang Sua Rua Vice Chairman of CPC X

2 Hang Dinh Loi Commune Construction cadastral

official X

3 Ho A Vang Commune Finance - Accounting

Officer X

4 Ly A Nang Commune Justice - Civil status

officer X

5 Lu A Tu Secretary of the Commune Youth

Union X

6 Ly A Tu Chairman of the Commune

Fatherland Front Committee X

7 Thao Thi Do President of Commune Women's

Union X

8 Ly A Nha The Secretary of La Pan Tan Village X

9 Hang A Khua The Secretary of Trong Tong

Village X

10 Ly Song Gia The Secretary of Trong Pao Sang

Village X

11 Ly A Chu The Secretary of Ta Chi Lu Village X

12 Ly A Do The Secretary of Pu Nhu-Hang Sung

Village X

13 Giang Thi Chong The Head of Women's Union, La

Pan Tan Village X

45

14 Ly Thi Ha The Head of Women's Union, Trong

Tong Village X

15 Khang Thi Dua The Head of Women's Union, Trong

Pao Sang Village X

16 Hang Thi Sua The Head of Women's Union, Ta

Chi Lu Village X

17 Giang Thi Vang The Head of Women's Union, Pu

Nhu- Hang Sung Village X

Total = 107

66 41

46