M23 AND EASTER REGIONOF OF DRC CONGO

BACKGROUND

The provinces of eastern Democratic Republic of Congo has

increased instability, and become central point of various

conflicts. In the great lakes region the eastern province and

and their population were affected strongly three congo, 1996 –

2006, for years they have been the scene of looting,

indiscriminate killings. And their crime committed by the

various part of conflict.

the M23 movement was fighting with Government of DRC in north

kivu since the formal end of the second Congo war. Mutineers

formed a rebel group called March 23 movements (M23) also known

the Congolese Revolutionary Army alleged and supported by the

neighboring country of Rwanda.

On the 20 November M23 rebels took control of Goma provincial

capital. The conflict had resulted a large number of Refugees who

displaced from their homes.

M23 is now thought to comprise around 1,500 troops and may

be using the recent in fighting to train and strengthen their

forces. The Congolese government refuses to compromise with

rebels. Leaving the future of of rebellion unknown and the

current phase of relative calm fragile, Over the past 19 years,

one of the most intractable symptoms of mass violence in

Congo’s eastern regions has proliferation of armed group that

threatened security perpetrate horrific human right abuses,

and undermine economic development.

The M23 is an offshoot of several previous rebel groups.

And the United state of America and other groups have linked

to the Rwanda government but Kigali denies the link therefore,

dealing with this two groups address one of the most

destabilizing factors in the great lakes Region. The

relationship between Congo and Rwanda

IN MY VIEW RESOLUTION UN 2098

The resolution had welcomed and encouraged peace agreements

frameworks for eastern regions of DRC. It demands with

stakeholders of the agreement should be binding their signatures

duties. This is an important factor that 2098 solution stress to

attain peace

Secondly, resolution 2098 can be achieved peace, because it

condemns the continued presence of the M23 in the immediate

vicinity Of Goma and attempts to establish an illegitimate

parallel administration in North Kivu and demands that M23

cease immediately all forms of violence and destabilizing

activities.

Thirdly the resolution can be attained peace because, it

encourage the government of DRC to arrest and hold accountable

those responsible for war crimes against humanity in the country.

And stresses the importance of this end of regional cooperation

with ICC In the light of the accountability I think this is

resolution can be attained sustainable peace. Accountability

leads the protection of human rights and the prevention of

possible future or crime and crimes against humanity for this

reason I think this resolution can be mechanism of attaining

peace in the region

Finally the resolution urges the international

community the support peace initiatives in the region. Support

from the international community is very important the government

of DRC is not able to do all things alone it needs the support of

the international community ,

Because government institutions are inefficient in their

operation, have few fund and it can’t do adequate service in some

part of the country

POSSIBLE SOLUTION OF ACHIEVING PEACE IN THE REGION

1;- There are several ways to achieve and create stability

with in DRC. at the current conflict of course the M23 movement,

as well as the deep rooted tension between ethnic groups within

the region, the possible way, Rwanda to stop support continues

to the M23 Movement, if support of M23 is stopping

It will reduce it is power to supply weapons and expense for

their activity,

2;- there is relations between Rwanda M23 and this is would

require more work in order to ensure success of cutting

relations between Rwanda and M23 movement, also it is possible

would have negative on the power of M23 in the Kivu province.

this come from fact that many children’s have been using in M23

and have never leant skills that would allow them to find

different jobs, education mission and job creation, therefore,

also lies central to the de-escalation of Kivu conflict, as

well as Disarmament

3;- anther possible way is to focus on the members of M23

and investigate why they take part in the Rebellion. Although

there is large Group within M23 who fight for different causes

such as power of east of DRC and possible succession, many others

simply have no other skill than other warfare

4;- in the relation to the ongoing tension between countries

in the great lakes area, it may be useful to attempt to increase

interdependence of trade between these countries and therefore

be beneficial

Part 2 – option one – interview of 2nd Vice president of

Somaliland – Mr. Abdirahman Aw Ali.

Background

Abdirahman Aw Ali is the 2nd Somaliland vice president in 1993 -

1997. He had been a role player to establish a system to prevent

conflict and to reduce escalated disputes. Going back to the

history, Somaliland had faced challengeable period after it break

away from great Somalia in 1991. One of the tangles was inter-

clan fighting across Somaliland.

Interviewing the vice president:

During the interview with the vice president, he mention in the

period of crisis, clans in north west of Somalia where is now

Somaliland had started to provide support to Somali national

movements called – SNM who later gained control of the major

towns in the north west - Somaliland. He reveled they had

started ceasefire by the rebel movements and not to encourage

revenge attacks and killing among the community in the area

followed by initiation of clan conference so as to allow everyone

to participate reconciliation. A consecutive and further clan

conference continue since 1993 – 1997 to address all kind of

issues including but not limit to avenge attacks leading death,

looting, killing, and confiscation.

The vice president said in the interview, this was the way that

has been built the mutual trust and healing among the clans in

the north western Somalia where is now Somaliland exist after

they decided to form a self-determination state. Relationship

between community stakeholders, rebel leaders and separated

former government officials have been created to roll out peace

reconciliation processes and post conflict reconstructions ‘’said

by the vice president’’. secondly, peace we had established

between the major clans in the north which divided in to

those who had supported the former regime of president said

Bare, and those who had fought against it, once this was

achieved more conference were held to dealt with inter-clan

fighting this is serious of peace talks was convened by the

tradition leaders of north clans and succeeded in resolving

armed conflict which had been breaking out sporadically .

Furthermore some results were achieved during such consecutive

clan conferences to restore state ‘’Somaliland’’ territory in

order to bring an order and promote the cohesiveness of northern

community ‘’said by the vice president’’. For example, when a

conference were held in April – June 1991 in Burao by the SNM

insurgency and with elders from clans that have been discussed

the reconciliation and to advance the compromise to all parties

involved the peace and post conflict reconstruction ‘’ said by

the vice president’’.

The vice president said, they have began to search external

support to continue building the peace in the northern part of

the country including regional ties and international community

mainly by the UN and INGOs with limit grant to provide needed

supports however people experience they gain from the government

led more negotiations and to unite by integrating people involved

the most part of the conflicts and crisis that effected thousands

of lives.

The vice president said, the conflict process and peace

reconciliation had different phases that we solved number of

conference helped us to stabilize Somaliland and to

reestablish institutions of government and law and order.

According to interview with VP, there have been 39 peace

conferences and meetings that took place between 1990 and 1997

that helped the process of reconciliations.

PHASES OF THE RECONCILIATIONS

1;- SNM insurgence; the period of civil war between SNM and

siyad Bare regime concluding with fall of siyad bare n January

1991,

2;- peace Building; the five months from January to may,

1991 the independence culminating in Buro conference at which

the independence of Somaliland was declared

3;- establish of security and government; June, 1991 until

may 1993 covers the first SNM government and culminates in

the Borama Conference,

4;- Institution building; June 1993, until February 1997,

during which Somaliland was divided by civil wars, but

progress was also made in establishing government,

culminating in 1997 Hargeisa Conference

5;- Democratization; the period after 1997 hargaysa Conference

through until the present day

LEANS FROM THE VP

Dilla and Borama Conference Febuary (1991)

VP said, SNM gained control of the north regions and have agreed

ceasefire with local sub-clans of Gadabuursi in Awdal region to

the western Somaliland, where the most recent large clan Groups

with who the SNM had yet to agreed ceasefire once the SNM had

defeated siyad Bare in the early days 1991, SNM had retreated

to Dilla area in awdal. However, VP said SNM had later chased

clan militia and allowed to enter in to Borama and taken

prisoners, confiscating technical equipment in the process. SNM

had Bombed Dilla, and fighting there and resulted causalities on

both sides. at the this stage, Gadabursi elders called to end

the fighting in response from SNM commander where later had

been odered the militia to withdraw in the areas of Goroyo

Awl. To the VP, as he was member of SNM leaders from the few of

Gadabursi members in the movement, they suggested to step up the

process of negotiation and ceasefire with it is clan people.

Aw Ali as VP, the next move was to meet delegations from

Gadabursi elders in Tuli around 10 kilometers from Dila and

to agree ceasefire. Talks moved to Borama, where Aw Ali

Established a 21 persons gadabursi Guurti with whom the SNM can

start negotiation and assumed the position of awdal region. and

series meetings in Borma was culminated in the reconciliation

between SNM and Gadabursi and reached agreement at the this

stage that was acceptance, where all confiscations by each

side during the conflict have been returned to their owners.

http://www.congoweek.org/

http://www.friendsofthecongo.org http://www.apd-somaliland.org /