Para Events Background for Table Tennis

Info compiled by: Marie Pinkewich Last Save Date: 05-August-2021 Page 1 of 12

Event Background Occasions

Stoke Mandeville Games

Source: https://www.paralympic.org/ipc/history

In 1944, at the request of the British Government, Dr. Ludwig “Poppa” Guttmann opened a spinal injuries centre at the Stoke Mandeville Hospital in Great Britain, and in time, rehabilitation sport evolved to recreational sport and then to competitive sport. On 29 July 1948, the day of the Opening Ceremony of the London 1948 Olympic Games, Dr. Guttmann organised the first competition for wheelchair athletes which he named the Stoke Mandeville Games, a milestone in Paralympic history. They involved 16 injured servicemen and women who took part in archery. In 1952, Dutch ex-servicemen joined the Movement and the International Stoke Mandeville Games were founded. The Stoke Mandeville Games later became the Paralympic Games which first took place in Rome, Italy, in 1960 featuring 400 athletes from 23 countries. Since then they have taken place every four years. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_Palsy_Games

While the Paralympic Games evolved to include athletes from all disability groups, the Stoke Mandeville games continued to be organized as a multi-sport event for wheelchair athletes. Games were held annually in Aylesbury under the direction of the International Stoke Mandeville Games Federation (ISMGF), which became the International Stoke Mandeville Wheelchair Sports Federation (ISMWSF).

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IWAS_World_Games

1948 - Called “Stoke Mandeville Games for the Paralyzed” and held in the UK at Stoke Mandeville.

1949 - 1951 - Called “Stoke Mandeville Games” and

held annually in the UK at Stoke Mandeville. 1952 - 1959 - Called “International Stoke Mandeville

Games” (1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.) and held annually in the UK at Stoke Mandeville.

1960 - 1995 - Called “International Stoke Mandeville

Games” (9th, 10th, 11th, etc.), except for the Olympic year, held annually in Aylesbury, UK (which is the location of the Stoke Mandeville Hospital).

Names:

• 1-International Stoke Mandeville Games (1948 to 1995 consist of four paralympic games) - 39 Editions

• 2-World Wheelchair Games (1997-2003) - 6 Editions

• 3-World Wheelchair and Amputee Games (2005-2007) - 3 Editions

• 4-IWAS World Games (2009 to 2017) - 5 Editions

Para Events Background for Table Tennis

Info compiled by: Marie Pinkewich Last Save Date: 05-August-2021 Page 2 of 12

Event Background Occasions

Paralympic Games

Source: https://www.paralympic.org/ipc/history

1960 - The first Paralympic Games. 1984 - Athletes who were amputees, blind or visually

impaired, or suffering from Cerebral Palsy, competed in New York, USA. Wheelchair athletes with spinal cord impairments competed in Stoke Mandeville, UK.

1988 - Since the Summer Games of Seoul, Korea in

1988, the Games have also taken part in the same cities and venues as the Olympics due to an agreement between the IPC and IOC.

Source: https://www.paris2024.org/en/the-history-of-the-paralympic-games/

The term “Paralympic Games” was only officially used and approved by the IOC from the Games in 1984. From 1960 to 1980, they were officially known as the “International Stoke Mandeville Games”. 1976 - The fifth Paralympic Games took place in

Toronto, Canada from 3 to 11 August 1976, while the Olympic Games took place in Montreal. They drew 1,657 athletes, including just 253 women, representing 40 countries. For the first time, wheelchair athletes were not the only ones allowed to participate, and 261 amputees and 187 athletes with a visual impairment competed.

Source: https://www.paralympic.org/news/sport-week-10-things-know-about-para-table-tennis?fbclid=IwAR2xZ5XIbYmjErKwCaWMRuQv1TRu0wLJ5oCGqLxw0o0aXEXCB4IqYmYVc0o

2020 (2021) - There will be 31 medal events contested

at Tokyo 2020 across singles and teams: Singles - Class 1 (Men); Singles - Class 1-2 (Women); Singles - Class 2 (Men); Singles - Class 3 (Men/Women); Singles - Class 4 (Men/Women); Singles - Class 5 (Men/Women); Singles - Class 6 (Men/Women); Singles - Class 7; (Men/Women); Singles - Class 8 (Men/Women); Singles - Class 9 (Men/Women); Singles - Class 10 (Men/Women); Singles - Class 11 (Men/Women); Team - Class 1-2 (Men); Team - Class 1-3 (Women); Team - Class 3 (Men); Team - Class 4-5 (Men/Women); Team - Class 6-7 (Men); Team - Class 6-8 (Women); Team - Class 8 (Men); Team - Class 9-10 (Men/Women).

Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IWAS_World_Games; http://stats.ipttc.org/en/tournaments?utf8=%E2%9C%93&tournament_type_id=1&country_id=&year=&button=

1960 - Rome, Italy - 9th International Stoke Mandeville Games, later known as the 1st Paralympic Games.

1964 -Tokyo, Japan - 13th International Stoke Mandeville Games, later known as the 2nd Paralympic Games.

1968 - Tel Aviv, Israel - 17th International Stoke Mandeville Games, later known as the 3rd Paralympic Games.

1972 - Heidelberg, Germany - 21st International Stoke Mandeville Games, later known as the 4th Paralympic Games.

1976 - Toronto, Canada - 5th Summer Paralympics.

1980 - Arnhem, Netherlands - 6th Summer Paralympics.

1984 - From Paul Croft: Ambulant in New York, USA, and wheelchair in Stoke Mandeville, UK - 7th Summer Paralympics.

1988 - Seoul, Korea; 15-24 Oct 1988. - 8th Summer Paralympics.

1992 - Barcelona, Spain; SD 16 Sep 1992 - 9th Summer Paralympics.

1996 - Atlanta, USA; SD 16 Aug 1996 - 10th Summer Paralympics.

2000 - Sydney, Australia; SD 19 Oct 2000 2004 - Athens, Greece; SD 18 Sep 2004 2008 - Beijing, China; SD 07 Sep 2008 2012 - London, England; SD 29 Aug 2012 2016 - Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; SD 07 Sep 2016 2020 - Tokyo, Japan; Table Tennis Dates = 25 Aug 2021

to 03 Sep 2021.

Para Events Background for Table Tennis

Info compiled by: Marie Pinkewich Last Save Date: 05-August-2021 Page 3 of 12

Event Background Occasions

Commonwealth Paraplegic Games

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Paraplegic_Games#:~:text=The%20Commonwealth%20Paraplegic%20Games%20were,with%20spinal%20injuries%20or%20polio.

The Commonwealth Paraplegic Games were an international, multi-sport event involving athletes with a disability from the Commonwealth countries. The event was sometimes referred to as the Paraplegic Empire Games and British Commonwealth Paraplegic Games. Athletes were generally those with spinal injuries or polio. The Games were an important milestone in the Paralympic sports movement as they began the decline of the Stoke Mandeville Games' dominating influence. The event was first held in 1962 and disestablished in 1974. The Games were held in the country hosting the Commonwealth Games for able-bodied athletes. The Games were the initiative of George Bedbrook, Director of the Spinal Unit of Royal Perth Hospital. In Australia, paraplegic sports activities were first held in 1954 with the First Royal Perth Hospital Games in 1954 at the Shenton Park Annex. In 1956, Bedbrook was encouraged during a visit by Ludwig Guttmann, the founder of the Stoke Mandeville Games, to help organise disabled sport in Australia. In 1959, the Paraplegic Association of Western Australia, acting through Royal Perth Hospital, began to publicise the Paraplegic Empire Games just prior to the British Empire Games to be held in Perth in 1962. The Dunedin Games were the final Commonwealth Paraplegic Games mainly due to travel logistics and costs. The Commonwealth Paraplegic Games Committee recommended to the International Stoke Mandeville Games Committee that the “World Zone Games” be established. These Games did not come into fruition. However, Sir George Bedbrook helped to establish a Pacific Rim competition called the “Far East and South Pacific Games for the Disabled”. Source: https://www.disabilitysport.org.uk/commonwealth-paraplegic-games.html

After disestablishment of the Commonwealth Paraplegic Games, disabled athletes from the Commonwealth countries weren’t able to participate in this multi-sport event until 1994 when they took part in the exhibition events at the Games in Victoria, Canada.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Paraplegic_Games#:~:text=The%20Commonwealth%20Paraplegic%20Games%20were,with%20spinal%20injuries%20or%20polio.

Table Tennis was included in all the following events: 1962 - Perth, Australia - 1st Commonwealth Paraplegic

Games. Dates: 10-17 Nov 1962.

1966 - Kingston, Jamaica - 2nd Commonwealth Paraplegic Games. Dates: 14-20 Aug 2020.

1970 - Edinburgh, Scotland - 3rd Commonwealth Paraplegic Games. Dates: 26 Jul-01 Aug 1970.

1974 - Dunedin, New Zealand - 4th Commonwealth Paraplegic Games. Dates: 13-19 Jan 1974.

Para Events Background for Table Tennis

Info compiled by: Marie Pinkewich Last Save Date: 05-August-2021 Page 4 of 12

Event Background Occasions

Commonwealth Games

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Paraplegic_Games#:~:text=The%20Commonwealth%20Paraplegic%20Games%20were,with%20spinal%20injuries%20or%20polio.

In the Commonwealth Games, athletes with a disability were first included in exhibition events at the 1994 Victoria Games in Canada. At the 2002 Manchester Games in England, they were included as full members of their national teams, making them the first fully inclusive international multi-sport games. This meant that results were included in the medal count. Twenty countries sent both male and female elite athletes with a disability to compete in ten events across five Para-Sports: Athletics, Lawn Bowls, Swimming, Table Tennis and Weightlifting. The inclusion of Para-Sport full medal events continued at the 2006 Melbourne Games in Australia where 189 elite athletes with a disability from 25 nations took part in Athletics, Swimming, Table Tennis and Powerlifting, competing for Games medals in 12 events. During the 2007 General Assembly of the Commonwealth Games Federation (CGF) at Colombo, Sri Lanka, the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) and CGF signed a cooperative agreement to ensure a formal institutional relationship between the two bodies and secure the future participation of elite athletes with a disability (EAD) in future Commonwealth Games.

Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Paraplegic_Games#:~:text=The%20Commonwealth%20Paraplegic%20Games%20were,with%20spinal%20injuries%20or%20polio; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_tennis_at_the_Commonwealth_Games.

1994 - Exhibition only; no Para Table Tennis. 1998 - Para not included. 2002 - Manchester, England - Para athletes included

as full members of their national teams for the first time. Para Table Tennis included. Start Date: 01 Aug 2002.

2006 - Melbourne, Victoria. Para Table Tennis

included. Start Date: 13 Mar 2006. 2010 - Delhi, India. Para Table Tennis included.

Dates: 03-14 Oct 2010. 2014 - Glasgow, Scotland. Para Table Tennis not

included. Dates: 23 Jul-04 Aug 2014. 2018 - Gold Coast, Australia. Para Table Tennis

included. 2022 - Birmingham, England. Para Table Tennis to be

included. Dates: 27 Jul-07 Aug 2022.

World Para Championships

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Para_Table_Tennis_Championships#:~:text=The%20World%20Para%20Table%20Tennis,Games%20(every%20four%20years).

The World Para Table Tennis Championships are the world championships for para table tennis where athletes with a disability compete. They are organised by the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) on a four-year rotation with the Paralympic Games (every four years). The first edition was held in 1990 in Assen, Netherlands, the second in 1998, from that the championships was held every four years.

Sources: http://stats.ipttc.org/en/tournaments?utf8=%E2%9C%93&tournament_type_id=2&country_id=&year=&button=; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Para_Table_Tennis_Championships#:~:text=The%20World%20Para%20Table%20Tennis,Games%20(every%20four%20years).

1990 - Assen, Netherlands. Dates: 15-21 Jul 1990. 1998 - Paris, France. Dates: 24-30 Oct 1998. 2002 - Taipei, Chinese Taipei. Dates: 15-22 Aug 2002. 2006 - Montreux, Switzerland. Dates: 22 Sep-01 Oct

2006. 2010 - Gwangju, Korea Republic. Dates: 25 Oct-03

Nov 2010. 2014 - Beijing, China. Dates: 06-15 Sep 2014. 2018 - Lasko, Slovenia. Dates: 15-21 Oct 2018.

Para Events Background for Table Tennis

Info compiled by: Marie Pinkewich Last Save Date: 05-August-2021 Page 5 of 12

Event Background Occasions

World Para Team Championships

Source: https://visionpdf.com/international-table-tennis-federation00f7438402ff6563f485be978a200e132671.html

2017 saw the first-ever World Para Team Table Tennis Championships. The World Para Table Tennis Championships was restructured to feature team events in odd years, and individual events in even years.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Para_Table_Tennis_Championships#:~:text=The%20World%20Para%20Table%20Tennis,Games%20(every%20four%20years).

2017 - Bratislava, Russia. Dates: 17-20 May 2017.

World Para Team Cup

Source: http://stats.ipttc.org/en/tournaments/86

It appears that there may have only been one edition of this Championships; held in 2002. Participation: 89 players from 15 countries and 4 continents. Australia did not compete.

Source: http://stats.ipttc.org/en/tournaments?utf8=%E2%9C%93&tournament_type_id=58&country_id=&year=&button=

2002 - Roermond, Netherlands. Start Date: 03 Jul 2002.

World Championships and Games for the Disabled

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_World_Championships_and_Games_for_the_Disabled

1990 World Championships and Games for the Disabled were held in Assen, Netherlands, 14 28 July 1990. More than 2000 athletes from 48 countries participated in 16 sports.[1] The athletes village was built at one of the Royal Netherlands military bases and it accommodated 1300 beds. Sports program included: archery, athletics, basketball, boccia, cycling, fencing, judo, powerlifting, shooting, soccer table tennis, tennis, weightlifting and wrestling. The event was discontinued after 1990.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_World_Championships_and_Games_for_the_Disabled

1990 - Assen, Netherlands. Dates: 14-28 Jul 1990.

Deaflympics Source: https://www.deaflympics.com/

The International Committee of Sports for the Deaf (ICSD) is the main governing body responsible for the organization of Deaflympics and other World Deaf Championships.

Founded in 1924 and known as the CISS (Comité International des Sports des Sourds), the ICSD is now approaching the century mark of being the organization behind the building, evolving and fortifying the tradition of inviting deaf/hard of hearing elite athletes from all of the world to come together not only to compete in their respective sports, but to also develop comradeships between their countries. Australia has participated since 1953 and Table Tennis has been included since 1957. Australia has only competed in Table Tennis in four of the Deaflympics.

Source: https://www.deaflympics.com/

The following are the dates of Deaflympics in which Australians have participated in the sport of table tennis: 1977 - Bucharest, Roumania - 17-27 Jul 1977

Australian competitors: Shirley Barnfield, Evan Nagorcka

1989 - Christchurch, New Zealand - 07-17 Jan 1989 Australian competitors: J. Kearney, David Morgan, Desmond Morris, Carolyn Noonan

2005 - Melbourne, Australia - 05-16 Jan 2005 Australian competitors: Trevor Boyle, Michael Louey, Maureen MacDougall, Desmond Morris, Leslie Noonan, Ida Rogers, Mandy Smith, David Suutari

2009 - Taipei, Taiwan - 05-15 Sep 2009 Australian competitors: Jacob Dyball, Michael Louey

Para Events Background for Table Tennis

Info compiled by: Marie Pinkewich Last Save Date: 05-August-2021 Page 6 of 12

Event Background Occasions

Asia & Oceania Para Championships

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Para_Table_Tennis_Championships

Asian Para Table Tennis Championships are a biennial sports event for para table tennis players who represent an Asian country. It debuted in 2005 as Asia and Oceania Championships but separated in 2013.

Source: http://stats.ipttc.org/en/tournaments?utf8=%E2%9C%93&tournament_type_id=39&country_id=&year=&button=

2005 - Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Dates: 19-23 Jun 2005. Titled “Asia/South Pacific TT Championships”.

2007 - Seoul, Korea Republic. Dates: 10-17 Nov 2007.

Titled “Asia and Oceania Championships”. 2009 - Amman, Jordan. Dates: 22-29 Oct 2009. Titled

“Asia and Oceania Championships”. 2011 - Hong Kong, China. Start Date: 14-21 Dec 2011.

Titled “Asian and Oceanic Championships”.

Arafura Games Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arafura_Games

The Arafura Games is a unique, inclusive multi-sport where athletes with a disability compete in the same program as able-bodied athletes. Competitors from around the world compete in the week-long games held every 2 years in Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia. Called a "meeting of Sporting Neighbours", the Arafura Games takes its name from the Arafura Sea, which lies between northern Australia and Southeast Asia. The Arafura Games were first held in 1991. They were cancelled in 2003 due to concerns over the SARS virus. From 2005 onwards, the Arafura Games included events for athletes with physical disabilities and in 2007 the Games received patronage from the International Paralympic Committee (IPC). In 2011, the Arafura Games incorporated the Oceania Paralympic Championships for the sports of athletics, swimming, powerlifting, and table tennis. The 2013 Arafura Games was cancelled by the newly elected CLP government on 31 October 2012 as it "costs too much to run". After an eight-year hiatus, the 2019 Arafura Games were held from 27 April to 4 May 2019. The table tennis component of the 2019 Arafura Games were conducted as the “ITTF-Oceania Para TT Championships”

The dates recorded here are only for those Arafura Games which included Para table tennis. Source: http://stats.ipttc.org/en/tournaments

2007 - Darwin, NT. Dates: 10-20 May 2007. 2009 - Darwin, NT. Dates: 10-16 May 2009. 2011 - Darwin, NT. Dates: 11-13 May 2011.

Para Events Background for Table Tennis

Info compiled by: Marie Pinkewich Last Save Date: 05-August-2021 Page 7 of 12

Event Background Occasions

Oceania Para Championships

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceania_Para_Table_Tennis_Championships

Oceania Para Table Tennis Championships is a biennial sports event for para table tennis players who represent an Oceanian country. It debuted in 2011 after Asia and Oceania Para Table Tennis Championships separated. Note by Marie: Believe the “2011” debut date quoted in the Wikipedia article to be incorrect and probably should read “2013”, as in the same article it refers to 2013 as being Edition 1 of the Oceania Para Table Tennis Championships.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceania_Para_Table_Tennis_Championships

2013 - Canberra, ACT. Dates: 09-16 Nov 2013. Titled “Oceania Championships”.

2015 - Bendigo, Victoria. Dates: 06-13 Apr 2015.

Titled “Oceania Para Regional Championships”

2017 - Suva, Fiji. Dates: 13-16 Apr 2017. Titled

“Oceania Championships”. 2019 - Darwin, NT. Dates: 01-04 May 2019. Titled

“ITTF-Oceania Para TT Championships”.

FESPIC Games Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FESPIC_Games

The first FESPIC Games was held in Oita, Japan in 1975. The foundation of this multi-sport event for disabled athletes was influenced greatly by the disestablishment of the Commonwealth Paraplegic Games, which were held for the last time in 1974. The FESPIC Games or the Far East and South Pacific Games for the Disabled, was a multi-sports games in Asia and the South Pacific region which is considered to be a precursor to the Asian Para Games, as two of its' edition games in 1999 (7th) and 2002 (8th) were held parallel to the 1998 Asian Games and the 2002 Asian Games. The FESPIC Games, which started in 1975, was held nine times. The games were last contested in December 2006, in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. For Asian countries, the FESPIC Games was replaced by the Asian Para Games starting with the inaugural 1st Asian Para Games in 2010 in Guangzhou, China after the 16th Asian Games. For the Pacific countries, the para sports were included in the Pacific Games programme. Source: http://stats.ipttc.org/en/tournaments?utf8=%E2%9C%93&tournament_type_id=40&country_id=&year=&button=

Results on the ITTF Para website for the FESPIC Games only covers the years 1999, 2002 and 2006.

Source: http://stats.ipttc.org/en/tournaments?utf8=%E2%9C%93&tournament_type_id=40&country_id=7&year=&button=

1975 - Oita, Japan. Dates: 01-03 Jun 1975. 1977 - Parramatta, Australia. Dates: 20-26 Nov 1977. 1982 - Sha Tin, Hong Kong. Dates: 31 Oct-07 Nov

1982. 1986 - Solo, Indonesia. Dates: 31 Aug-07 Sep 1986. 1989 - Kobe, Japan. Dates: 15-20 Sep 1989. 1994 - Beijing, China. - 04-10 Sep 1994. 1999 - Bangkok, Thailand. Dates: 07-15 Jan 1999.

Titled “FESPIC Games”. 2002 - Busan, Korea. Dates: 27-30 Oct 2002. Titled

“FESPIC Games”. 2006 - Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Dates: 21 Nov-02 Dec

2006. Titled “FESPIC Games”.

Para Events Background for Table Tennis

Info compiled by: Marie Pinkewich Last Save Date: 05-August-2021 Page 8 of 12

Event Background Occasions

FESPIC Championships

As at 05 Sep 2020, not able to establish the difference between the FESPIC Games and the FESPIC Championships, apart from their different dates and locations.

Source: http://stats.ipttc.org/en/tournaments?utf8=%E2%9C%93&tournament_type_id=31&country_id=7&year=&button=

1997 - Hong Kong, China. Dates: 27 Oct-01 Nov 1997. Titled “FESPIC Championships”.

1999 - Taiwan, Chinese Taipei. Dates: 04-07 Sep

1999. Titled “FESPIC Championships”. 2001 - Osaka, Japan. Dates: 01-04 Jul 2001. Titled

“FESPIC Championships”. 2003 - Shanghai, China. Dates: 15-23 Oct 2003.

Titled “FESPIC Championships”.

National Championships - Amputee Sporting Association of Australia

Source: Event Programs provided by Paul Croft, NSW.

Held by the Amputee Sporting Association of Australia Australian Para Representatives competing in Table Tennis in the 7th National Championships in Adelaide were:

• Jeremy O’Halloran (Vic), Class A13

• Geoff Barden (Vic), Class A2

• Marcel Bucello (Vic), Class A4

• Paul Croft (NSW), Class A68 Australian Para Representatives competing in Table Tennis in the 9th National Championships in Sydney were:

• Geoff Feben (Vic), Class A2

• Joe Marlow (Vic), Class A2

• Geoff Barden (Vic), Class A2

• Marcel Bucello (Vic), Class A4

• Paul Croft (NSW), Class A68

• Csaba Bobory (NSW), Class CP Australian Para Representatives competing in Table Tennis in the 10th National Championships in Toowoomba were:

• Geoff Feben (Vic), Class A2

• Joe Marlow (Vic), Class A2

• Paul Croft (NSW), Class A8

1st - 2nd - 3rd - 4th - 5th - 6th - 1988 - “7th National Championships and Paralympic

Selection Trials”, Adelaide, Sun 28 Feb 1988 to Mon 07 Mar 1988.

1989 - “8th National Championships”, Adelaide, Sat 18

Feb 1989 to Thu 23 Feb 1989. 1990 - “9th National Championships”, Sydney, Thu 12

Apr 1990 to Mon 16 Apr 1990. 1991 - “10th Anniversary National Championships”,

Toowoomba, Sun 10 Nov 1991 to Sun 17 Nov 1991.

National Championships - Australian Interstate Carnival of the Adult Deaf and Dumb Society.

Sources:

• DEAF AND DUMB SPORTS CARNIVAL (Fri 01 Jan 1937). The Labor Daily (Sydney, NSW), p. 5. Retrieved 15 Dec 2020, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article237975035

• Deaf and dumb in games contest (Thu 05 Jan 1950). The Evening Advocate (Innisfail, Qld.), p. 4. Retrieved 15 Dec 2020, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article212227666

Held by the Adult Deaf and Dumb Society. “Championship heats in table tennis, billiards, chess, quoits, and draughts were contested in Sydney without a word being spoken.”

1936 - Dec 1936, Adelaide 1950 - Sydney

Para Events Background for Table Tennis

Info compiled by: Marie Pinkewich Last Save Date: 05-August-2021 Page 9 of 12

Event Background Occasions

National Championships - Australian Deaf Games. Controlled and managed by Deaf Sports Australia.

Source: https://blog.ai-media.tv/blog/a-history-of-the-australian-deaf-games

The Australian Deaf Games is one of the oldest ongoing deaf sporting events in the world. The origins of interstate Deaf sport competitions can be traced back to 1895 when the Victorian Deaf cricket team traveled to South Australia for a friendly Deaf cricket match. The first ‘Deaf Sports Carnivals’ were held as early as 1911 and continued regularly until the Games in it’s current format started in Sydney in 1964/1965. Since then, the Games have been held every three to four years.

Source: https://blog.ai-media.tv/blog/a-history-of-the-australian-deaf-games

The Australian Deaf Games cities and dates are as follows: 1964/65 - Sydney 1967/68 - Melbourne 1979/71 - Perth 1973/74 - Brisbane 1976/77 - Adelaide 1979/80 - Sydney 1982/83 - Melbourne 1985/86 - Perth 1987/88 - Brisbane 1991/92 -Hobart 1993/94 - Adelaide 1996/97 - Canberra 2001 - Perth 2003 - Sydney 2008 - Gold Coast 2012 - Geelong 2016 - Adelaide 2018 - Albury / Wodonga

18th Australian Deaf Games, Jan 2018

2022 - Lake Macquarie and Newcastle 19th Australian Deaf Games, 16-22 Apr (the table tennis component is scheduled for 19-21 Apr, as at Jun 2020).

National Championships - Paraplegic Games. Paraplegic and Quadraplegic Games. National Wheelchair Games.

Source: https://paralympichistory.org.au/article/the-first-national-paraplegic-games/

THE FIRST NATIONAL PARAPLEGIC GAMES One of the outcomes of the success of spinal units was that people with paraplegia and quadriplegia now survived their injuries and were able to be reintegrated into the community. To support them once they left the hospital environment, paraplegic and quadriplegic associations were progressively established in states with spinal units. As sport was such a major part of rehabilitation, it was inevitable that these associations played a major role in developing national sporting competitions. The first of these was the 1960 National Paraplegic Games, held in Melbourne in March 1960. Teams attended from Western Australia, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, New South Wales and Queensland. These Games were the selection event for the 1960 Paralympics, to be held in Rome in September that year. After these first Games, national championships that were variously referred to as the Australian Paraplegic (and Quadriplegic) Games or the National Wheelchair Games were held every two years – in Melbourne (1960, 1970), Sydney (1962, 1972), Adelaide (1964, 1973), Brisbane (1966) and Perth (1968). They were held leading up to major international games – the Paralympics and Commonwealth Paraplegic Games – and served as national selection trials. • https://victoriancollections.net.au/items/5e5c509421ea67107c28d6e0

• PARAPLEGIC GAMES, Second National Games at Gore Hill (Sat 29 Sep 1962). The Sydney Morning Herald (Sydney, NSW), p. 17. Retrieved 16 Feb 2021 from newspapers.com website during random free session.

• Australian Paraplegic Games (3rd : 1964 : Adelaide, S.A.) & Royal Adelaide Hospital (S.A.). Paraplegic Unit & Paraplegic Association of South Australia & Paraplegic Sports Club of South Australia (1964). Official programme, Third Australian Paraplegic Games, Adelaide, South Australia, September 10-12 1964. The Hospital, [Adelaide, S. Aust

1960 - 1st National Paraplegic Games Mar 1960 Albert Park, Melbourne, Victoria

1962 - 2nd National Paraplegic Games

Wed 26 Sep 1962 - Sat 29 Sep 1962 Gore Hill, New South Wales.

1964 - 3rd Australian Paraplegic Games Thu 10 Sep 1964 - Sat 12 Sep 1964 Adelaide, South Australia (Held at Morris Hospital grounds, Northfield and Unley Memorial Swimming Pool, Forrestville.)

1966 - 4th National Paraplegic Games Wed 11 May 1966 - Sat 14 May 1966 Brisbane, Queensland (Carina Sports Area)

1968 - 5th - Perth

1970 - 6th - Melbourne

1972 - 7th National Paraplegic and Quadraplegic Games Sun 12 Mar 1972 - Sat 18 Mar 1972 Holroyd, New South Wales

1973 - National Paraplegic and Quadraplegic Games Sat 06 Oct 1973 - Sun 14 Oct 1973 Adelaide, South Australia

1974 -

Para Events Background for Table Tennis

Info compiled by: Marie Pinkewich Last Save Date: 05-August-2021 Page 10 of 12

Event Background Occasions

Source: https://paralympichistory.org.au/article/all-six-australian-states-were-represented/?article_decade=&article_competition=275&article_sport=&article_category=&article_media_type=

“Although the first spinal unit in Australia had been established just six years before, and organised wheelchair sport was in its infancy, the first National Paraplegic Games, in Melbourne in 1960, attracted teams representing every Australian state. The Games was the selection event for the Australian Team to attend the 1960 Rome Paralympics. One of those selected for Australia’s first Paralympic team was Bill Mather-Brown, …” • “The ParaQuad NSW Story - Celebrating 50 Years” (1961-2011); a publication prepared

by ParaQuad NSW, The Paraplegic and Quadriplegic Association of NSW, https://paraquad.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/The-ParaQuad-NSW-Story.pdf

• SPOTLIGHTS ON HOLROYD IN '72 (Mon 20 Dec 1971). The Broadcaster (Fairfield, NSW), p. 1. Retrieved 20 Jul 2021, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article224496500

• SUPPORT THE CALL (Tue 29 Feb 1972). The Broadcaster (Fairfield, NSW), p. 2. Retrieved 20 Jul 2021, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article224497030

• ACT paraplegics win five medals (Sat 20 Oct 1973). The Canberra Times (ACT), p. 35. Retrieved 20 Jul 2021, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article110753106

• Paraplegic (Sat 29 Nov 1975). The Canberra Times (ACT), p. 40. Retrieved 20 Jul 2021, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article102188602

• ACT team for Australian handicapped games (Wed 06 Apr 1977). The Canberra Times (ACT), p. 26. Retrieved 20 Jul 2021, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article110731907

“The National Paraplegic and Quadraplegic Games will be held in Hobart, from tomorrow until Monday.

.. . .. . .. . .. .

“An Australian team will be chosen from the Games to attend the Far-Eastern and South Pacific (FESPIC) Games in Sydney from November 20 to 26, and the Jubilee Games at Stoke Mandeville, Britain this year.”

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Hill_(Paralympian)

“At the 1979 National Paraplegic and Quadriplegic Games in Perth Hill won gold medals in athletics events.”

• PARAPLEGICS 200 in games for disabled (Sun 29 Nov 1981). The Canberra Times (ACT), p. 18. Retrieved 20 Jul 2021, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article126861691

“MELBOURNE: For the next two weeks Melbourne will be host city to the 12th National Paraplegic and Quadraplegic Games. More than 200 competitors from Australia, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea will contest 300 events covering 13 sports.”

• Skill on Wheels (Sun 18 Dec 1983). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW), p. 78. Retrieved 20 Jul 2021, https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/125999735/

1976 - National Paraplegic and Quadraplegic Games Jan 1976 Brisbane, Queensland

1977 - National Paraplegic and Quadraplegic Games Thu 07 Apr 1977 - Mon 11 Apr 1977 Hobart, Tasmania

1978 -

1979 - 12th National Paraplegic and Quadraplegic Games Dec 1979 Perth, Western Australia

1980 -

1981 - 12th National Paraplegic and Quadraplegic Games Sun 29 Nov 1981 - ?? Dec 1981 (duration of 2 wks) Melbourne, Victoria (Latrobe University)

1984 - 13th National Paraplegic and Quadraplegic Games Sat 07 Jan 1984 - Sat 14 Jan 1984 Sydney, New South Wales

1986 - Mutual Community 14th National Wheelchair Games Jan 1986 Adelaide, South Australia

1988 - 15th National Wheelchair Games Fri 29 Apr 1988 - Sun 08 May 1988 Perth, Western Australia

1990 - 16th National Wheelchair Games Apr 1990 Canberra, Australian Capital Territory

1992 - National Pharmacies 17th National Wheelchair Games Sun 05 Apr 1992 - ??? ?? Apr1992 Adelaide, South Australia

National Championships - Table Tennis Australia.

Arthur Wilks OAM of TTACT (and Life Member of TTA; awarded in 2016) was personally responsible for initiating the National Para Championships and was involved in the organising and running of the first three championships (2003, 2004 and 2005). The Australian Para Athlete of the Year Award is named the “Arthur Wilks Award”. Events offered in the TTA National Championships are based on the ITTF classifications outlined below. However, events are also offered for the Hearing Impaired. Visually impaired athletes competed in the 2017 Australian National Para Table Tennis Championships. Source: https://www.paralympic.org/news/para-table-tennis-classification-breakdown

2003 - National AWD Championships Sat 16 Aug 2003 - Sun 17 Aug 2003 Sydney, New South Wales (Sydney Indoor Sports Centre, Sydney Olympic Park)

2004 - National AWD Championships Sat 22 May 2004 - Sun 23 May 2004 Sydney, New South Wales (Sydney Olympic Park)

2005 - National AWD Championships Fri 05 Aug 2005 - Sun 07 Aug 2005 Sydney, New South Wales (Sydney Olympic Park)

2006 - Table Tennis Australia Athletes With Disabilities Championships Sat 24 Jun 2006 - Sun 25 Jun 2006

Para Events Background for Table Tennis

Info compiled by: Marie Pinkewich Last Save Date: 05-August-2021 Page 11 of 12

Event Background Occasions

Para-Table Tennis is broken down into 11 classifications, including one for athletes with an intellectual impairment. Athletes are classified based on how much their impairment impacts their performance in the sport and their functional ability. In Para-Table Tennis, the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF), trains and certifies classifiers to conduct a classification process in the sport. Athletes in classes 1-5 compete in a wheelchair, athletes in classes 6-10 compete in a standing position and the final class is dedicated to athletes with an intellectual impairment. Physical impairment - sitting Class 1: These players have no sitting balance and a severely affected playing arm due to a spinal-cord lesion or polio. Class 2: Athletes in this class also have no sitting balance, but their playing arm is less affected than described in Class 1. Class 3: Players in this category have no trunk control, yet their arms are minimally affected by the impairment. Class 4: Competitors have fair sitting balance and fully functional arms and hands. Their impairment may be due to a lower spinal-cord lesion or cerebral palsy. Class 5: This class includes athletes who compete in a wheelchair but who have a normal sitting balance, arm and hand function. The athletes have the most physical functionality of those in a wheelchair. Physical impairment - standing Class 6: Players in this class stand, yet they have severe impairments in both their arms and legs due to incomplete spinal-cord injuries, neurological conditions which affect both or one side of the body, amputations or congenital conditions. Some players even handle the racket with their mouths. Class 7: Athletes in this class have a severe impairment of the legs or the playing arm, but less severe than those described in Class 6. For example, a player with an amputation of both arms above the elbow could compete in this category. Class 8: Athletes with a moderate impairment of the legs or a moderately affected playing arm compete in this class. Stiffness of both knees or a below-the-elbow amputation of the playing arm are cases that qualify. Class 9: This class is for athletes with a mild impairment that affects the legs or playing arm. Some athletes have a severe impairment of the non-playing arm, such as an amputation above the elbow. Athletes with a stiff knee or restricted range of motion in a joint of the playing arm may also compete in this class.

Adelaide, South Australia (Woodville)

2007 - Athletes with Disability Championships Specific dates not known Lismore, New South Wales

2008 - Smarter than Smoking Australian Youth & Athletes with Disabilities Table Tennis Championships Mon 14 Apr 2008 - Sun 20 Apr 2008 Perth, Western Australia (Scarborough PCYC)

2009 - National AWD Table Tennis Championships Apr 2009 Melbourne, Victoria

2010 - 8th Australian AWD Championships Mon 05 Apr 2010 - Wed 07 Apr 2010 Canberra, Australian Capital Territory

2011 - National Athletes With a Disability Table Tennis Championships Sun 10 Jul 2011 - Thu 14 Jul 2011 Adelaide, South Australia (Woodville Table Tennis Club, 39a Windsor Avenue, Woodville Park)

2012 - TTA National Table Tennis Athletes with a Disability Championships Tue 10 Apr 2012 - Fri 13 Apr 2012 Gold Coast, Queensland (Gold Coast Table Tennis Centre, Herbertson Drive, Molendinar, Gold Coast)

2013 - Australian Athletes With a Disability Table Tennis Championships Sat 13 Apr 2013 - Tue 16 Apr 2013 Victoria (Ballarat or Bendigo ??)

2014 - Australian Athletes With a Disability Table Tennis Championships Sun 13 Apr 2014 - Wed 16 Apr 2014 Gold Coast, Queensland

2015 - National PQ Healthcare Para Table Tennis Championships Fri 23 Jan 2015 - Tue 27 Jan 2015 Hobart, Tasmania

2016 - Australian Para National Championships Fri 15 Apr 2016 - Tue 19 Apr 2016 Perth, Western Australia

2017 - Australian National Para Table Tennis Championships Fri 03 Feb 2017 - Tue 07 Feb 2017 Mornington, Victoria

2018 - Australian Para Table Tennis Championships Sat 05 May 2018 - Tue 08 May 2018 Tuggeranong, Australian Capital Territory

Para Events Background for Table Tennis

Info compiled by: Marie Pinkewich Last Save Date: 05-August-2021 Page 12 of 12

Event Background Occasions

Class 10: Athletes with a minimal impairment compete in this category. This can include a stiff ankle or wrist of the playing arm. Players with short stature may also participate. Intellectual impairment. Class 11: This is for athletes with an intellectual impairment who also meet sport-specific criteria for Para-Table Tennis.

2019 - National Para Championships Fri 01 Feb 2019 - Tue 05 Feb 2019 Murray Bridge, South Australia (Murray Bridge Table Tennis Association, 111 Old Princes Highway, Murray Bridge)

2020 - Not Conducted - Cancelled due to COVID-19. 2021 -