Pagona and the Transition from Middle Helladic to Late Helladic in North-Western Peloponnese....

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À l’époque où s’épanouit en Crète la civilisation des premiers palais minoens (première moitié du iie millénaire av. n.è.), la Grèce continentale traverse une période généralement considérée comme une phase de stagnation, voire de régression : l’Helladique Moyen. La relative austérité de la culture matérielle et le caractère apparemment rudimentaire des structures sociales mésohelladiques expliquent sans doute le peu d’intérêt longtemps suscité par cette période. Or, les recherches récentes, s’appuyant sur une documentation qui s’est beaucoup accrue au cours des dernières décennies, mais aussi sur le réexamen des données anciennes, tendent à corriger cette image : l’Helladique Moyen apparaît aujourd’hui comme une période de profonds changements d'ordre social, politique et culturel qui conduisirent peu à peu à l’émergence de la civilisation mycénienne. Il a donc paru nécessaire de faire le point en organisant le premier colloque international sur l’Helladique Moyen. Le volume des actes, qui réunit près d’une centaine de contributions sur divers aspects de la culture mésohelladique, constitue ainsi le premier ouvrage entièrement consacré à l’une des périodes les plus mal connues de la protohistoire égéenne.

During the first half of the 2nd millennium BC, as the first palaces appear in Crete and the Minoan civilisation is flourishing, the Greek mainland goes through what is considered a period of stagnation, if not decline and social regression: the Middle Helladic period. The Middle Bronze Age in the Greek mainland has received very little attention, perhaps because of the relative austerity of the material culture and the absence of overt social differentiation. However, a wealth of research over the past several decades, that derives from both recent discoveries and the re-examination of older data, requires us to revise this picture. In fact, it is nowadays suggested that the Middle Helladic period witnessed profound cultural, social and political transformations which laid the basis for the emergence of the Mycenaean civilisation. It was therefore deemed necessary to reassess develop-ments during the period by organising the first international conference dedicated exclusively to the Middle Helladic period. The Proceedings of the conference, which brings together about one hundred contributions on different aspects of Middle Helladic culture, is the first publication to throw light on an obscure and neglected period of Aegean prehistory.

Bulletin de CorrespondanCe Hellénique, suppléments

47. Études d’archéologie délienne, par Philippe Bruneau. Recueil d’articles rassemblés et indexés par Jean-Charles Moretti, 2006.

48. La sculpture des Cyclades à l’époque archaïque. Histoire des ateliers, rayonnement des styles. Actes du colloque international organisé par l’éphorie des antiquités préhistoriques et classiques des

Cyclades et l’École française d’Athènes (Athènes, 7-9 septembre 1998). Édités par Yannos Kourayos et Francis Prost, 2008.

49. La sculpture byzantine viie – xiie siècles. Actes du colloque international organisé par la 2e éphorie des antiquités byzantines et l’École française

d’Athènes (Athènes, 6-8 septembre 2000). Édités par Charalambos Pennas et Catherine Vanderheyde, 2008.

50. La gigantomachie de Pergame ou l’image du monde, par Françoise-Hélène Massa-Pairault, 2007.

51. ASMOSIA VII Actes du Viie colloque international de l’ASMOSIA organisé par l’École française d’Athènes, le National

Center for Scientific Research « DEMOKRITOS », la 18e éphorie des antiquités préhistoriques et classiques (Kavala) et l’Institut of Geology and Mineral Exploration (Thasos 15-20 septembre 2003). Études réunies par Yannis Maniatis, 2009.

B U L L E T I N D E C O R R E S P O N D A N C E H E L L É N I Q U E

L a G r è c e c o n t i n e n t a l e a u B r o n z e M o y e nΗ ηπειρωτική Ελλάδα στη Μέση εποχή του ΧαλκούThe Greek Mainland in the Middle Bronze Age

Édités par Anna PhiliPPa-Touchais, Gilles Touchais, Sofia VouTsaki et James WrighT

Actes du colloque international organisé par l’École française d’Athènes, en collaboration avec l’American School of Classical Studies at Athens

et le Netherlands Institute in Athens, Athènes, 8-12 mars 2006

M E S O H E L L A D I K AΜ Ε Σ Ο Ε Λ Λ Α Δ Ι Κ Α

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MESOHELLADIKAM E ™ O E § § A ¢ I K A

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É C O L E F R A N Ç A I S E D ’ A T H È N E S

Directeur des publications : Dominique MulliezAdjointe aux publications : Catherine Aubert

Révision des normes : Béatrice DetournayPhotogravure, impression et reliure : Break’inConception graphique de la couverture : EFA, Guillaume Fuchs

Dépositaire : De Boccard Édition-Diffusion – 11, rue de Médicis, F – 75006 Paris, www.deboccard.com

Ouvrage publié avec le concours de l’INSTAP (Institut for Aegean Prehistory), Philadelphie, USA

© École française d’Athènes, 2010 – 6 Didotou, GR – 106 80 Athènes, www.efa.gr

ISBN 978-2-86958-210-1

Reproduction et traduction, même partielles, interdites sans l’autorisation de l’éditeur pour tous pays, y compris les États-Unis.

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MESOHELLADIKAM E ™ O E § § A ¢ I K A

La Grèce continentale au Bronze MoyenΗ ηπειρωτική Ελλάδα στη Μέση εποχή του ΧαλκούThe Greek Mainland in the Middle Bronze Age

Actes du colloque international organisé par l’École française d’Athènes, en collaboration avec l’American School of Classical Studies at Athenset le Netherlands Institute in Athens, Athènes, 8-12 mars 2006

Édités par Anna PHILIPPA-TOUCHAIS, Gilles TOUCHAIS, Sofia VOUTSAKI et James WRIGHT

B U L L E T I N D E C O R R E S P O N D A N C E H E L L É N I Q U E

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Une partie des congressistes devant le Cotsen Hall (photo Ph. Touchais)

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PRÉFACE

Allocution de bienvenue du Directeur de l’École française d’Athènes

L'étude du matériel des fouilles de l'habitat mésohelladique de la colline de l'Aspis étant en coursd'achèvement, les responsables du programme, Gilles Touchais et Anna Philippa-Touchais, ontsouhaité orienter la recherche de deux manières : en entreprenant l'étude globale des vestigesarchitecturaux de l'habitat mis au jour depuis les premières fouilles de Vollgraff et en mettant à profitcette étude pour une mise en valeur du site, mais aussi en inscrivant cette recherche dans uneinterrogation plus large sur l'Helladique Moyen. Cela impliquait de faire le point sur l'une des périodesles plus mal connues de la protohistoire égéenne en essayant de réunir, au niveau international, leschercheurs que le hasard des découvertes ou un choix délibéré avaient conduits à travailler sur cettepériode. On pouvait ainsi espérer dresser un bilan entièrement renouvelé par les données desnombreuses fouilles et prospections menées au cours des trente dernières années.C'est à cet objectif que répond le colloque Mesohelladika. La Grèce continentale au BronzeMoyen, dont l'École française d'Athènes a eu l' initiative. Pour permettre son organisation, elle s'estassuré le concours de l'École américaine et de l'Institut néerlandais et je remercie très chaleureusementmes collègues Stephen Tracy et Gert Jan Wijngaarden d'avoir accepté le principe de cette association.En répondant positivement à notre invitation, les très nombreux chercheurs présents, venusd'Australie, d'Autriche, des États-Unis, de Finlande, de France, de Grande-Bretagne, de Grèce,d'Italie, des Pays-Bas et de Suède ont témoigné de leur intérêt pour la thématique centrale du colloque :procéder à une réévaluation de l'Helladique Moyen. - À tous, je souhaite la bienvenue et de fructueuxtravaux.Je remercie tous ceux qui, dans chacune des trois Écoles concernées, ont permis l'organisation de cettemanifestation. J'adresse des remerciements tout particuliers à Gilles Touchais, qui m' a soumis ce projetdès 2003, et à Anna Philippa-Touchais, dont la présence à Athènes a permis de régler les mille et unequestions que ne manque pas de soulever une manifestation de cette ampleur.

Dominique MULLIEZ

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Wellcome address of the Director of the Netherlands Institute in Athens

Dear colleagues and friends, ladies and gentlemen,Some time ago, Dr Sofia Voutsaki persuaded me to support this conference. On the occasion sheemphasized that the Middle Bronze Age of the Greek mainland had been neglected of late and thatit was in serious need of attention. Taking a look at the impressive conference program, I could onlyacknowledge Sofia’s claims: obviously many scholars felt a similar need to discuss Middle HelladicGreece.For several of the archaeological programs of the Netherlands Institute in Athens, the MiddleBronze Age is of importance. This is true for the excavations at Geraki in Lakonia, for the surveysin Thessaly, Boeotia and Zakynthos, as well as for the analytical program on the Argolid. I am con-fident that the Mesohelladika conference will contribute to a better understanding of the materialsdealt with in these programs.I am very pleased that this conference is a joint venture of three foreign archaeological institutes inGreece. International academic events are increasingly more difficult and costly to organize and coop-eration in this respect is, in my view, beneficial to all. I would like to thank warmly my colleaguesDominique Mulliez and Stephen Tracy for the fruitful cooperation and for the hospitality. I also con-gratulate the organizers with the impressive program and I wish all participants an enjoyable andfruitful conference.

Gert Jan VAN WIJNGAARDEN

Wellcome address of the Director of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens

On behalf of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens welcome to this international confer-ence Mesohelladika. It is wonderful to have such a large crowd on hand this evening. The program ofthe conference is diverse and rich; I think we will all learn much from our colleagues over the next fourdays. I know that we all are looking forward to it. The American School of Classical Studies is proudto cooperate with the Netherlands Institute and with the French School at Athens in hosting this con-ference. I want to congratulate and to thank the organizing committee and to single out Dr. AnnaPhilippa-Touchais, the person on the ground here in Athens, for all her hard work. Thank you all again and welcome.

Stephen TRACY

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INTRODUCTION

L’Helladique Moyen, période qui correspond, en gros, à la première moitié du IIe millénaireavant notre ère, s’intercale entre deux phases de prospérité économique et d’accomplisse-ment culturel majeurs pour la Grèce continentale : le Bronze Ancien, d’une part, qui a vunaître et se développer, au cours du IIIe millénaire, des communautés proto-urbaines déjàfortement organisées, ouvertes sur le reste du monde égéen, et l’époque mycénienne del’autre, qui, dans la seconde moitié du IIe millénaire, portera à son apogée le système pala-tial et étendra son influence bien au-delà des rives de la mer Égée. C’est pourquoil’Helladique Moyen est toujours apparu en retrait par rapport à ces deux grands moments,dans une vision purement négative que reflètent bien les termes de stagnation, de recul,d’isolement le plus souvent utilisés pour caractériser cette période. En outre, la compa-raison avec l’essor que connaît, à la même époque, la Crète protopalatiale, tourne elle aussiau désavantage de la Grèce continentale et renforce cette impression négative, qui n’est sansdoute pas étrangère au relatif désintérêt dont l’Helladique Moyen a pâti jusqu’à présentdans la recherche sur les civilisations égéennes.Il apparaît cependant aujourd’hui, à la lumière des recherches récentes, que l’HelladiqueMoyen n’est pas cette longue période d’atonie si souvent décrite. Des indices de plus enplus nombreux suggèrent qu’elle a au contraire été marquée par de profonds changementsd’ordre social, politique et culturel, qui conduisirent progressivement à la formation desentités politiques protomycéniennes et, plus tard, des royaumes mycéniens. C’est pourquoiil nous a semblé que le moment était venu de rassembler la documentation la plus largepossible sur cette période encore mal connue – ou plutôt méconnue. Le meilleur moyenétait de faire se rencontrer tous les collègues qui avaient accumulé de nouvelles données aucours des dernières décennies, mais aussi ceux qui tentaient d’interpréter celles dont ondisposait. C’est ainsi qu’est née l’idée de ce colloque – le premier à être consacré exclusi-vement à l’Helladique Moyen – et que furent définis ses principaux objectifs : d’une part,dresser un bilan de nos connaissances sur la période, en ne négligeant aucun domaine dela recherche ; d’autre part, explorer les mécanismes qui sont à l’origine des changements

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constatés et tenter d’apprécier leur dynamique. On suggéra donc plusieurs axes de ré-flexion : la topographie et l’habitat (réseaux d’occupation humaine, organisation spatiale) ;les pratiques rituelles et funéraires ; les problèmes chronologiques (séquences céramiques,synchronismes, datations absolues) ; l’économie et l’exploitation des ressources naturelles(agriculture et élevage, techniques et productions artisanales, alimentation) ; les problèmesdémographiques et sanitaires ; les contacts, les échanges et les influences culturelles ; l’évo-lution des structures socio-politiques. L’intuition que le sujet était « mûr » et qu’une vision moins négative de l’HelladiqueMoyen avait commencé de prévaloir parmi les spécialistes du monde égéen a été confir-mée bien au-delà de nos espérances. Car même dans nos prévisions les plus optimistes,nous étions loin d’imaginer que notre initiative rencontrerait un tel écho. En effet, prèsde 130 chercheurs ont répondu à notre invitation, plus de 80 d’entre eux proposant deprésenter une communication et plus d’une quarantaine de réaliser un poster.Finalement, sur les 69 communications présentées à Athènes, 63 sont éditées dans le pré-sent volume1, et 28 posters sur 292.Ce projet n’aurait pu être mené à bien sans le soutien financier et logistique, mais aussiscientifique et moral, des trois institutions qui en ont assuré directement l’organisation :l’École française d’Athènes, l’American School of Classical Studies at Athens et leNetherlands Institute in Athens, dont nous tenons à remercier les directeurs respectifs,Dominique Mulliez, Stephen V. Tracy et Gert Jan van Wijngarten, pour les moyens maté-riels et humains qu’ils ont généreusement mis à notre disposition. L’Institute of AegeanPrehistory de Philadelphie a également répondu, avec sa libéralité coutumière, à nosdemandes de subvention, aussi bien pour l’organisation du colloque lui-même que pour

4 INTRODUCTION

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1. Massimo Cultraro, qui n’avait pu participer au colloque, a envoyé le texte de sa communication, mais lestextes suivants n’ont pas été remis : Antikleia Agrafioti, « Les industries lithiques du Bronze Moyen et l’enjeudes éléments de faucille» ; Polyxeni Arachoviti, « ∞ÂÚÈÓfi, ¤Ó·˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ÙË˜ ª¤ÛË˜ ∂Ô¯‹˜ ÙÔ˘ Ã·ÏÎÔ‡ ÛÙËÓÔÙÈÔ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈÎ‹ £ÂÛÛ·Ï›· » ; Ioanna Galanaki, « Lefkandi Phases 2-6 : Some Observations on the Commu-nication Networks and Communication Processes during the Middle Helladic Period » ; Chrysanthi Gallou,« “In the Dark Heart of Maleas”. The Transition from the Middle Helladic to the Early Mycenaean Period inthe Southeastern Peloponnese » ; Olga Kyriazi, « ª·ÚÙ˘Ú›Â˜ ·fi ÙËÓ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈÎ‹ §ÔÎÚ›‰· Û¯ÂÙÈÎ¿ ÌÂ ÙËÌÂÙ·‚·ÙÈÎ‹ ÂÚÈfi‰Ô ·fi ÙË ª¤ÛË ÛÙËÓ ⁄ÛÙÂÚË ∂Ô¯‹ ÙÔ˘ Ã·ÏÎÔ‡: ÂÓÂÚÁ‹ Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹ ÛÙÈ˜ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈÎ¤˜·ÏÏ·Á¤˜ ‹ ÛÙÔ ÂÚÈıÒÚÈÔ ÙˆÓ ÂÍÂÏÈÎÙÈÎÒÓ ‰ÈÂÚÁ·ÛÈÒÓ; » ; Elena Kountouri, « ¶ÚÔÌ˘ÎËÓ·˚Î‹ £‹‚· : Ù·‰Â‰ÔÌ¤Ó· ·fi ÙÈ˜ Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓÂ˜ ¤ÚÂ˘ÓÂ˜ » ; Michael Lindblom, « The Middle Helladic Settlement at Mastos inthe Berbati Valley » ; Adamantia Vassilogamvrou, « ∏ ÎÂÚ·ÌÈÎ‹ ÙË˜ ª∂ πππ-À∂ π Ê¿ÛË˜ ·fi ÙË ı¤ÛË∫·Ù·ÚÚ·¯È¿ ¢˘ÙÈÎ‹˜ ∞¯·˝·˜ ».

2. Il manque celui d’Olga Philaniotou, « Naxos in the Middle Bronze Age. New Evidence for Habitation ». Pourla publication, nous avons choisi d’intégrer les posters aux unités thématiques auxquels ils se rapportent enles mêlant aux communications, plutôt que de les regrouper dans une section séparée comme cela se fait sou-vent.


la publication des actes : nous exprimons ici toute notre reconnaissance à son comitéscientifique ainsi qu’à Karen Velluci, directrice des programmes de subvention, en quinous avons toujours trouvé une interlocutrice efficace et attentionnée. Parmi les institu-tions françaises, le Centre national de la recherche scientifique et l’université Paris 1 –Panthéon-Sorbonne ont apporté une contribution appréciable au financement du col-loque. De leur côté, le Service culturel de la Ville d’Athènes (¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞ıËÓ·›ˆÓ,¶ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈÎfi˜ OÚÁ·ÓÈÛÌfi˜) et l’office du Tourisme hellénique (∂ÏÏËÓÈÎfi˜ OÚÁ·ÓÈÛÌfi˜ΔÔ˘ÚÈÛÌÔ‡, ÀÔ˘ÚÁÂ›Ô˘ ΔÔ˘ÚÈÛÙÈÎ‹˜ ∞Ó¿Ù˘ÍË˜) ont soutenu la manifestation en met-tant gracieusement à notre disposition 150 exemplaires de deux luxueuses brochures surAthènes, l’Attique et ses monuments. Plusieurs participants au colloque ont par ailleursbénéficié de l’hospitalité offerte par les Instituts danois et suédois, ainsi que par lesÉcoles britannique et italienne, que nous remercions sincèrement de leur concours. C’estune dette particulière que nous avons envers Bob Bridges, secrétaire général de l’Écoleaméricaine, qui, pendant les trois jours où le colloque s’est tenu au Cotsen Hall, n’aménagé ni son temps ni sa peine pour assurer le bon déroulement des séances etrésoudre tous les problèmes techniques, sans se départir jamais de son sourire.Nous remercions également pour leur précieux concours à l’organisation et au bon fonc-tionnement du colloque Maria Tsimboukaki, qui a géré le secrétariat avec un dévoue-ment et une efficacité dignes d’éloge, Stratos Balis et Tomek Hertig (site Internet), EleniGerontakou et Catherine Pantazis (travaux de secrétariat), Philippe Touchais (photosd’ambiance), ainsi que les volontaires étudiants post-diplôme de l’universités d’Athènes,dont le zèle et la bonne humeur communicative ont largement contribué à l’ambiancechaleureuse qui a régné tout au long de cette rencontre : Giorgos Charitos, GiorgosChoulis, Nikolas Dimakis, Dimitris Kloukinas, Akathi Maria Kovaiou, Anna Loukidou,Stefania Michalopoulou, Konstantina Nikolopoulou, Evangelia Polyzou et Eva Roussaki. C’est d’autre part à Orestis Kakavakis, doctorant à l’université d’Athènes, que l’on doitla traduction grecque des résumés qui figurent dans le présent volume. Nous sommes particulièrement reconnaissants à Catherine Aubert, responsable du servi-ce des publications de l’EFA, pour le soin qu’elle a apporté à l’édition des actes de cecolloque, et à Vélissarios Anagnostopoulos, auteur de l’affiche. Cet ouvrage témoignera durablement du remarquable travail accompli ces dernièresannées par une communauté de chercheurs qui, last but not least, mérite elle aussi toutenotre gratitude – une communauté qui a hélas été endeuillée, depuis le colloque, par ladisparition prématurée de deux de ses membres : Maria Oikonomakou et Angeliki Pilali,dont nous tenons à saluer ici la mémoire.

Les éditeurs

INTRODUCTION 5

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ABRÉVIATIONS

PÉRIODIQUES ET SÉRIES

Les abréviations utilisées sont celles de l’American Journal of Archaeology (voir AJA 111 [2007], p. 14-34, ou le site

internet www.ajaonline.org) auxquelles on ajoutera :

AEMTh ΔÔ ∞Ú¯·ÈÔÏÔÁÈÎfi ŒÚÁÔ ÛÙË ª·ÎÂ‰ÔÓ›· Î·È £Ú¿ÎË

BCH Chron. Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique, «Chronique des fouilles et découvertes

archéologiques en Grèce »

MONOGRAPHIES

Ägäische Frühzeit II.2 E. ALRAM-STERN, Die ägäische Frühzeit, 2. Serie. Forschungsbericht 1975-2003,2. Band, Teil 1 : Die Frühbronzezeit in Griechenland mit Ausnahme von Kreta,Wien (2004).

Agora XIII S. A. IMMERWAHR, The Athenian Agora, XIII. The Neolithic and Bronze Ages,Princeton (1971).

Alt-Ägina III.1 H. WALTER, F. FELTEN, Alt-Ägina. III, 1. Die vorgeschichtliche Stadt. Befesti-gungen, Häuser, Funde, Mainz (1981).

Alt-Ägina IV.2 H. B. SIEDENTOPF, Alt-Ägina IV, 2. Mattbemalte Keramik der MittlerenBronzezeit, Mainz (1991).

Alt-Ägina IV.3 I. KILIAN-DIRLMEIER, Alt-Ägina IV, 3. Das mittelbronzezeitliche Schachtgrab vonÄgina, Mainz (1997).

Argissa III E. HANSCHMANN, V. MILOJCIC, Die deutschen Ausgrabungen auf der Argissa-Magula in Thessalien, III. Die frühe und beginnende mittlere Bronzezeit, Bonn(1976).

Argissa IV E. HANSCHMANN, Die deutschen Ausgrabungen auf der Argissa-Magula in Thes-salien, IV. Die Mittlere Bronzezeit, Bonn (1981).

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Argos et l’Argolide A. PARIENTE, G. TOUCHAIS (éds), ), ÕÚÁÔ˜ Î·È ∞ÚÁÔÏ›‰·. ΔÔÔÁÚ·Ê›· Î·ÈÔÏÂÔ‰ÔÌ›· / Argos et l’Argolide. Topographie et urbanisme. Actes de la Tableronde internationale, Athènes-Argos, 28/4-1/5/1990, Recherches franco-helléniques3, Athènes (1998).

Asine I O. FRÖDIN, A. W. PERSSON, Asine, Results of the Swedish Excavations, 1922-1930, Stockholm (1938).

Asine II (1, 2) S. DIETZ, Asine II. Results of the Excavations East of the Acropolis 1970-1974, 1.General Stratigraphical Analysis and Architectural Remains (1982) ; 2. The MiddleHelladic Cemetery. The Middle Helladic and Early Mycenaean Deposits, Stock-holm (1980).

Asine III R. HÄGG, G. C. NORDQUIST, B. WELLS (éds), Asine III. Supplementary Studieson the Swedish Excavations 1922-1930, Stockholm (1996).

Autochthon A. DAKOURI-HILD, S. SHERRATT (éds), Autochthon, Papers Presented toO. T. P. K. Dickinson on the Occasion of his Retirement, Oxford (2005).

Ayios Stephanos W. D. TAYLOUR, R. JANKO (eds), Ayios Stephanos. Excavations at a Bronze Ageand Medieval Settlement in Southern Laconia, BSA Suppl. 44 (2008).

BUCK R. J. BUCK, « Middle Helladic Mattpainted Pottery », Hesperia 33 (1964),p. 231-313.

CAVANAGH & MEE, Private Place W. CAVANAGH, C. MEE, A Private Place: Death in Prehistoric Greece,Private Place SIMA 125, Jonsered (1998).

Celebrations R. HÄGG, G. NORDQUIST (éds), Celebrations of Death and Divinity in the BronzeAge Argolid. Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium at the Swedish In-stitute in Athens, 11-13 June 1988, Stockholm (1990).

DIETZ, Argolid S. DIETZ, The Argolid at the Transition to the Mycenaean Age. Studies in theChronology and Cultural Development in the Shaft Grave Period, Copenhagen(1991).

Emporia R. LAFFINEUR, E. GRECO (éds), EMPORIA. Aegeans in the Central and EasternMediterranean. Proceedings of the 10th International Aegean Conference / 10e Ren-contre égéenne internationale, Athens, Italian School of Archaeology, 14-18 April2004, Aegaeum 25, Liège (2005).

Eutresis H. GOLDMAN, Excavations at Eutresis in Boeotia, Cambridge, Mass. (1931).

FORSÉN, Twilight J. FORSÉN, The Twilight of the Early Helladics. A Study of the Disturbances inEast-central and Southern Greece towards the End of the Early Bronze Age, SIMA-PB 116, Jonsered (1992).

Gazetteer R. HOPE-SIMPSON, O. T. P. K. DICKINSON, A Gazetteer of Aegean Civilisation inthe Bronze Age, 1. The Mainland and the Islands. SIMA 52, Göteborg (1979).

Habitat égéen P. DARCQUE, R. TREUIL (éds), L’habitat égéen préhistorique. Actes de la Tableronde internationale organisée par le CNRS, l’université de Paris I et l’Écolefrançaise d’Athènes (Athènes, 23-25 juin 1987), BCH Suppl. 19, Athènes(1990).

Horizon N. J. BRODIE, J. DOOLE, G. GAVALAS, C. RENFREW (éds), OÚ›˙ˆÓ. A Colloquiumon the Prehistory of the Cyclades, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research,

8 ABRÉVIATIONS

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University of Cambridge, 25-28 March 2004 (2008).

KARO G. KARO, Die Schachtgräber von Mykenai, München (1930-1933).

Keos V J. L. DAVIS, Keos V. Ayia Irini : Period V, Mainz (1986).

Keos VII J. C. OVERBECK, Keos VII. Ayia Irini : Period IV. Part 1 : The Stratigraphy andthe Find Deposits, Mainz (1989).

Kiapha Thiti II.2 J. MARAN, Kiapha Thiti. Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen II.2 (2. Jt. v. Chr. :Keramik und Kleinfunde), MarbWPr 1990, Marburg (1992).

Kirrha L. DOR, J. JANNORAY, H. & M. VAN EFFENTERRE, Kirrha. Étude de préhistoirephocidienne, Paris (1960).

Korakou C. W. BLEGEN, Korakou, a Prehistoric Settlement near Corinth, Boston-NewYork (1921).

Kythera J. N. COLDSTREAM, G. L. HUXLEY (éds), Kythera. Excavations and Studies,London (1972).

Lerna II J. L. ANGEL, Lerna, a Preclassical Site in the Argolid, II. The People of Lerna(1971).

Lerna III J. B. RUTTER, Lerna, a Preclassical Site in the Argolid, III. The Pottery of Lerna IV(1995).

Meletemata Ph. P. BETANCOURT, V. KARAGEORGHIS, R. LAFFINEUR, W. D. NIEMEIER (éds),MELETEMATA. Studies in Aegean Archaeology Presented to Malcolm H. WienerAs he Enters his 65th Year, Aegaeum 20, Liège-Austin (1999).

Metron K. FOSTER, R. LAFFINEUR (éds), METRON. Measuring the Aegean Bronze Age.Proceedings of the 9th International Aegean Conference / 9e Rencontre égéenne in-ternationale, New Haven, Yale University, 18-21 April 2002, Aegaeum 24,Liège-Austin (2003).

MH Pottery F. FELTEN, W. GAUSS, R. SMETANA (éds), Middle Helladic Pottery and Synchro-& Synchronisms nisms. Proceedings of the International Workshop, Salzburg, October 30th to Nov-

ember 2nd, 2004, Wien (2007).

Minoan Thalassocracy R. HÄGG, N. MARINATOS (éds), The Minoan Thalassocracy : Myth and Reality.Proceedings of the Third International Symposium at the Swedish Institute inAthens, 31 May-5 June 1982, Stockholm (1984).

MYLONAS, ¢NE G. E. MYLONAS, Δe ‰˘ÙÈÎeÓ ÓÂÎÚÔÙ·ÊÂÖÔÓ ÙÉ˜ \EÏÂ˘Û›ÓÔ˜, \AıÉÓ·È (1975).

MYLONAS, TKB G. E. MYLONAS, O Ù·ÊÈÎe˜ Î‡ÎÏÔ˜ μ ÙáÓ ª˘ÎËÓáÓ, \AıÉÓ·È (1973).

Nichoria I G. RAPP, S. ASCHENBRENNER (éds), Excavations at Nichoria in Southwest Greece,I. Site, Environs and Techniques, Minneapolis (1978).

Nichoria II W. MCDONALD, N. WILKIE (éds), Excavations at Nichoria in Southwest Greece,II. The Bronze Age Occupation, Minneapolis (1992).

NORDQUIST, MH Village G. C. NORDQUIST, A Middle Helladic Village. Asine in the Argolid, Acta Universi-tatis Upsaliensis, Boreas 16, Uppsala (1987).

Origins O. T. P. K. DICKINSON, The Origins of Mycenaean Civilisation, SIMA 49, Göte-borg (1977).

ABRÉVIATIONS 9

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Palace of Nestor III C. W. BLEGEN, M. RAWSON, W. TAYLOUR, W. P. DONOVAN, The Palace of Nestorat Pylos in Western Messenia, III. Acropolis and Lower Town. Tholoi and GraveCircle, Chamber Tombs, Discoveries Outside the Citadel, Princeton (1973).

PELON, TTCF O. PELON, Tholoi, tumuli et cercles funéraires, BEFAR 229, Paris (1976).

Pevkakia III J. MARAN, Die deutschen Ausgrabungen auf der Pevkakia-Magula in Thessalien,III. Die mittlere Bronzezeit, Bonn (1992).

PHILIPPA-TOUCHAIS, A. PHILIPPA-TOUCHAIS, « Aperçu des céramiques mésohelladiques à décor Céramique Aspis I peint de l’Aspis d’Argos, I. La céramique à peinture mate », BCH 126

(2002), p. 1-40.

PHILIPPA-TOUCHAIS, A. PHILIPPA-TOUCHAIS, « Aperçu des céramiques mésohelladiques à décorCéramique Aspis II peint de l’Aspis d’Argos, II. La céramique à peinture lustrée », BCH 127

(2003), p. 1-47.

Polemos R. LAFFINEUR (éd.), POLEMOS. Le contexte guerrier en Égée à l’Âge du Bronze.Actes de la 7e Rencontre égéenne internationale, université de Liège, 14-17 avril1998, Aegaeum 19, Liège (1999).

Politeia R. LAFFINEUR, W.-D. NIEMEIER (éds), POLITEIA. Society and State in theAegean Bronze Age. Proceedings of the 5th International Aegean Conference /5e Rencontre égéenne internationale, University of Heidelberg, Archäologisches In-stitut 10-13 April 1994, Aegaeum 12, Liège-Austin (1995).

Potnia R. LAFFINEUR, R. HÄGG (éds), POTNIA. Deities and Religion in the AegeanBronze Age, Proceedings of the 8th International Aegean Conference / 8e Rencontreégéenne internationale, Göteborg University, 12-15 April 2000, Aegaeum 22,Liège-Austin (2001).

Pr. Eleusis G. E. MYLONAS, « ¶ÚÔ˚ÛÙÔÚÈÎc \EÏÂ˘Û›˜ », in K. KOUROUNIOTIS (éd.),\EÏÂ˘ÛÈÓÈ·Î¿ Aã (1932), p. 1-172.

Pr. Thessaly A. J. B. WACE, M. S. THOMPSON, Prehistoric Thessaly, Cambridge (1912).

Prosymna C. W. BLEGEN, Prosymna. The Helladic Settlement Preceding the Argive Her-aeum, Cambridge (1937).

RUTTER, Ayios Stephanos J. B. & S. H. RUTTER, The Transition to Mycenaean. A Stratified MH II toLH II A Pottery Sequence from Ayios Stephanos in Lakonia, Los Angeles (1976).

RUTTER, Review II J. B. RUTTER, « Review of Aegean Prehistory, II. The Prepalatial BronzeAge of the Southern and Central Greek Mainland », AJA 97 (1993), p. 745-797, reprinted in T. CULLEN (éd.), Aegean Prehistory: A Review, AJA Suppl. 1

(2001), p. 95-147, with « Addendum : 1993-1999 », p. 148-155.

TAW Thera and the Aegean World, London. I (1978), Ch. DOUMAS (éd.) ; II (1980),Ch. DOUMAS (éd.) ; III (1990), D. HARDY et al. (éds).

TEXNH R. LAFFINEUR, Ph. P. BETANCOURT (éds), TEXNH. Craftsmen, Craftswomenand Craftsmanship in the Aegean Bronze Age. Proceedings of the 6th InternationalAegean Conference / 6e Rencontre égéenne internationale, Philadelphia, Temple Uni-versity, 18-21 April 1996, Aegaeum 16, Liège (1997).

Thanatos R. LAFFINEUR (éd.), THANATOS. Les coutumes funéraires en Égée à l’Âge duBronze. Actes du colloque de Liège, 21-23 avril 1986, Aegaeum 1, Liège (1987).

10 ABRÉVIATIONS

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Transition R. LAFFINEUR (éd.), TRANSITION. Le monde égéen du Bronze Moyen au BronzeRécent. Actes de la 2e Rencontre égéenne internationale de l’université de Liège (18-20 avril 1988), Aegaeum 3, Liège (1989).

VALMIN, SME N. VALMIN, The Swedish Messenia Expedition, Lund (1938).

Wace & Blegen C. ZERNER, P. ZERNER, J. WINDER (éds), Proceedings of the International Con-ference Wace and Blegen. Pottery as Evidence for Trade in the Aegean Bronze Age1939-1989, Held at the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Athens, De-cember 2-3, 1989, Amsterdam (1993).

ZERNER, Beginning C. W. ZERNER, The Beginning of the Middle Helladic Period at Lerna, PhD thesis,University of Cincinnati, Ann Arbor (1978).

ZERNER, MH Pottery I C. ZERNER, « Middle Helladic and Late Helladic I Pottery from Lerna »,Hydra 2 (1986), p. 58-74.

ZERNER, MH Pottery II C. ZERNER, « Middle Helladic and Late Helladic I Pottery from Lerna, II :Shapes », Hydra 4 (1988), p. 1-10.

ZERNER, Perspectives C. ZERNER, « New Perspectives on Trade in the Middle and Early Late Hel-ladic Periods on the Mainland », in Wace & Blegen, p. 39-56.

SUBDIVISIONS CHRONOLOGIQUES

English

EB(A), MB(A), LB(A) Early Bronze (Age), Middle Bronze (Age), Late Bronze (Age)

EC, MC, LC Early Cycladic, Middle Cycladic, Late Cycladic

EH, MH, LH Early Helladic, Middle Helladic, Late Helladic

EIA Early Iron Age

EM, MM, LM Early Minoan, Middle Minoan, Late Minoan

Français

BA, BM, BR Bronze Ancien, Bronze Moyen, Bronze Récent

CA, CM, CR Cycladique Ancien, Cycladique Moyen, Cycladique Récent

HA, HM, HR Helladique Ancien, Helladique Moyen, Helladique Récent

MA, MM, MR Minoen Ancien, Minoen Moyen, Minoen Récent

EÏÏËÓÈÎ¿

¶∂, ª∂, À∂ ¶ÚˆÙÔÂÏÏ·‰ÈÎfi˜, ªÂÛÔÂÏÏ·‰ÈÎfi˜, ÀÛÙÂÚÔÂÏÏ·‰ÈÎfi˜

¶∂Ã, ª∂Ã, À∂Ã ¶ÚÒÈÌË ∂Ô¯‹ ÙÔ˘ Ã·ÏÎÔ‡, ª¤ÛË ∂Ô¯‹ ÙÔ˘ Ã·ÏÎÔ‡, ⁄ÛÙÂÚË ∂Ô¯‹ ÙÔ˘ Ã·ÏÎÔ‡

¶M, MK, YK ¶ÚˆÙÈÎ˘ÎÏ·‰ÈÎfi˜, MÂÛÔÎ˘ÎÏ·‰ÈÎfi˜, YÛÙÂÚÔÎ˘ÎÏ·‰ÈÎfi˜

¶Ã, ªÃ, ÀÃ ¶ÚˆÙÔ¯·ÏÎfi˜, ªÂÛÔ¯·ÏÎfi˜, ÀÛÙÂÚÔ¯·ÏÎfi˜

¶ÚÒÈÌË Ã·ÏÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·, ª¤ÛË Ã·ÏÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·, ⁄ÛÙÂÚË Ã·ÏÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·

ABRÉVIATIONS 11

BCH Suppl. 52


Pagona and the Transition from Middle Helladic to Mycenaean inNorthwestern Peloponnese*

Søren DIETZ and Maria STAVROPOULOU-GATSI

BCH Suppl. 52

RÉSUMÉ Pagona et la transition de l'Helladique Moyen à l'époque mycénienne dans le Nord-Ouest du Péloponnèse

L’habitat préhistorique de Pagona, dans l’arrière-pays de la ville moderne de Patras, s’étendait sur1,5 ha au moins, couvrant le sommet de la colline et son flanc Ouest, où des maisons à soubassementde pierre et superstructure en brique crue étaient construites sur de larges terrasses et dans desdépressions creusées dans le grès tendre de la roche naturelle. La présente contribution tente, en sefondant sur un choix de dépôts stratifiés, de donner un aperçu de la céramique recueillie au coursdes fouilles et de jeter les bases d’une séquence chronologique préliminaire de l’habitat. Les dépôtsHM III/HR I sont scellés par un horizon de destruction qui a été retrouvé sur l’ensemble du site etqui contient de la céramique datée de l’HR IIB/HR IIIA1. À environ 70 ou 80 cm plus bas on aobservé un niveau de destruction plus localisé, qui a livré de la céramique contemporaine de l’HM IIIAdans le Nord-Est du Péloponnèse. Entre ce niveau et l’horizon de destruction supérieur se trouvaitun dépôt contenant une grande quantité de tessons datés de l’HM IIIB à l’HR I. Dans la plusancienne comme dans la plus récente des deux phases, l’existence de relations avec le Nord-Est duPéloponnèse est attestée, tandis que celle de contacts avec le continent au Nord du golfe de Patrasn’est pas documentée avant la phase récente.

¶EPI§HæH ∏ ¶·ÁÒÓ· Î·È Ë ÌÂÙ¿‚·ÛË ·fi ÙË ÌÂÛÔÂÏÏ·‰ÈÎ‹ ÛÙË Ì˘ÎËÓ·˚Î‹ ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô ÛÙË ‚ÔÚÂÈÔ‰˘ÙÈÎ‹¶ÂÏÔfiÓÓËÛÔ

∏ ÚÔ˚ÛÙÔÚÈÎ‹ Î·ÙÔ›ÎËÛË ÙË˜ ¶·ÁÒÓ·˜ ÛÙËÓ ÂÓ‰Ô¯ÒÚ· ÙË˜ Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓË˜ fiÏË˜ ÙË˜ ¶¿ÙÚ·˜ Î¿Ï˘-

ÙÂ ¤ÎÙ·ÛË ÙÔ˘Ï¿¯ÈÛÙÔÓ 1,5 ÂÎÙ·Ú›ˆÓ ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ Î·È ÙÈ˜ ‰˘ÙÈÎ¤˜ Ï·ÁÈ¤˜ ÂÓfi˜ ÏfiÊÔ˘. √ÈÎ‹Ì·-

Ù· ÌÂ ÏÈıfiÎÙÈÛÙ· ıÂÌ¤ÏÈ· Î·È ·Óˆ‰ÔÌ‹ ·fi ˆÌÔÏ›ÓıÔ˘˜ Â›¯·Ó ıÂÌÂÏÈˆıÂ› ¿Óˆ ÛÂ ÌÂÁ¿Ï· ¿Ó‰Ë-

Ú· Î·È Ì¤Û· ÛÂ ÎÔÈÏfiÙËÙÂ˜ Ï·ÍÂ˘Ì¤ÓÂ˜ ÛÙÔ Ì·Ï·Îfi Ê˘ÛÈÎfi ¤ÙÚˆÌ·. ™ÙÔ ·ÚfiÓ ¿ÚıÚÔ ÂÈ¯ÂÈ-

ÚÂ›Ù·È, ‚¿ÛÂÈ ÂÈÏÂÁÌ¤ÓˆÓ ·Ó·ÛÎ·ÊÈÎÒÓ ÛÙÚˆÌ¿ÙˆÓ, Ó· ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ·ÛÙÂ› Ì›· ÂÈÎfiÓ· ÙË˜ ÎÂÚ·ÌÂÈÎ‹˜

Ô˘ ‚Ú¤ıËÎÂ ÛÙÈ˜ ·Ó·ÛÎ·Ê¤˜ Î·È Ó· ÚÔÛ‰ÈÔÚÈÛÙÂ› ÚÔÎ·Ù·ÚÎÙÈÎ¿ ÙÔ ¯ÚÔÓÔÏÔÁÈÎfi Ï·›ÛÈÔ ÙË˜

Î·ÙÔ›ÎËÛË˜. ΔÔ ÛÙÚÒÌ· ÙË˜ ª∂ πππ/YE I Â›Ó·È ÛÊÚ·ÁÈÛÌ¤ÓÔ Î¿Ùˆ ·fi ¤Ó·Ó ÔÚ›˙ÔÓÙ· Î·Ù·ÛÙÚÔ-

Ê‹˜, Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ ··ÓÙ¿ ÛÂ fiÏË ÙËÓ ¤ÎÙ·ÛË ÙË˜ ı¤ÛË˜ Î·È ÂÚÈÂ›¯Â ÎÂÚ·ÌÂÈÎ‹ Ô˘ ¯ÚÔÓÔÏÔÁÂ›Ù·È

ÛÙËÓ À∂ IIμ/À∂ III∞1. ¶ÂÚ›Ô˘ 70-80 ÂÎ. ‚·ı‡ÙÂÚ· ·Ú·ÙËÚ‹ıËÎÂ ¤Ó· ·ÎfiÌË Â›Â‰Ô Î·Ù·-

ÛÙÚÔÊ‹˜, ÌÈÎÚfiÙÂÚË˜ fiÌˆ˜ ÂÎÙ¿ÛË˜. ™Â ·˘Ùfi ÙÔ Â›Â‰Ô ‚Ú¤ıËÎÂ ÎÂÚ·ÌÂÈÎ‹ Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓË ÙË˜ ª∂

IIIA ÙË˜ μ∞. ¶ÂÏÔÔÓÓ‹ÛÔ˘. ∞Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÂ ·˘Ùfi ÙÔ Â›Â‰Ô Î·È ÙÔÓ ·ÓÒÙÂÚÔ ÔÚ›˙ÔÓÙ· Î·Ù·ÛÙÚÔ-

Ê‹˜ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÛÙÚÒÌ· ÌÂ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎ¤˜ ÔÛfiÙËÙÂ˜ ÔÛÙÚ¿ÎˆÓ, Ô˘ ·Ó¿ÁÔÓÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô ·fi ÙË

ª∂ IIIμ ¤ˆ˜ ÙËÓ À∂ I. ΔfiÛÔ ÛÙËÓ ·Ú¯·ÈfiÙÂÚË fiÛÔ Î·È ÛÙË ÓÂfiÙÂÚË Ê¿ÛË ·Ô‰ÂÈÎÓ‡ÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ˘‹Ú-

¯·Ó Û¯¤ÛÂÈ˜ ÌÂ ÙË μ∞. ¶ÂÏÔfiÓÓËÛÔ, ÂÓÒ ‰ÂÓ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÂÓ‰Â›ÍÂÈ˜ ÂÈÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·˜ ÌÂ ÙËÓ ËÂÈÚˆÙÈ-

Î‹ ¯ÒÚ· ‚fiÚÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ ∫fiÏÔ˘ ÙË˜ ¶¿ÙÚ·˜ ÚÈÓ ·fi ÙË ÓÂfiÙÂÚË Ê¿ÛË.

109_BCH Suppl 52_DietzBAT 26/8/2010 12:11 µµ Page 121

The site of Pagona is situated in the hinterland of modern Patras on an approximately100 m high mound, 2.4 km from the coast and 1.2 km southeast of the castle. From 1986

onwards seven rescue excavations were conducted by the 6th Ephoria of Prehistoric andClassical Antiquities in Patras by Maria Stavropoulou-Gatsi –in an area which is today aresidential neighbourhood. On the basis of the plots examined it is estimated that the habi-tation covered at least 1.5 ha (approximately 100 × 160 m) on the very top of the hill anddown the western slopes where houses with substantial stone foundations for mudbrickwalls were constructed on broad terraces and in depressions cut into the soft sandstonebedrock.1

In the following contribution we are going to concentrate on the remains from the best pre-served and most extensively excavated area, the Chrisovitsiou street no. 9.2 Severalhorizons of stone foundations were excavated covering the period from Late Middle Hel-ladic to LH IIIB, while no architectural remains are associated with the substantial amountof pottery from LH IIIC, the last phase of occupation. The two uppermost architectural phases are of the Mycenaean age dated within the generalframe of LH IIIA and B.3 The latest habitation might have been destroyed by fire since alayer of burnt debris has been reported from a few restricted areas of the site. A lower andmuch more substantial layer of destruction, clearly seen in sections ·-·, Á-Á, ‰-‰ and Â-Â4

was found around 80 cm below the datum level. This stratum is well dated by preservedpottery to the LH IIB/LH IIIA1 period. Approximately 20 cm below this level, in room 6,a stratum (omada 81) with a considerable amount of pottery dating from the end of the MHand the beginning of the Mycenaean period was situated,5 below which one furtherdestruction level –perhaps rather local– occurred. In order to illustrate the pottery devel-opment in the transitional phases in the settlement of Chrisovitsiou 9 we have selectedsamples from omada 81 and from three stratigraphic deposits from around 1.30 m below thedatum level, the level which corresponds to the level of the above mentioned destructionhorizon below omada 81 (omada 31 from room 2/3, omada 49 from room 1/2 and omada 68

from room 6) (Fig. 1).

122 Søren DIETZ and Maria STAVROPOULOU-GATSI

BCH Suppl. 52

* The following special abbreviations will be used :DIETZ & MOSCHOS 2006 = S. DIETZ, I. MOSCHOS (eds.), Chalkis Aitolias I: The Prehistoric Periods.STAVROPOULOU-GATSI 1998 = M. STAVROPOULOU-GATSI, “OÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ÙË˜ ÂÔ¯‹˜ ÙÔ˘ Ã·ÏÎÔ‡ ÛÙËÓ «¶·ÁÒÓ·» ÙË˜

¶¿ÙÚ·˜”, in ¶Ú·ÎÙÈÎ¿ ÙÔ˘ Eã ¢ÈÂıÓÔ‡˜ ™˘ÓÂ‰Ú›Ô˘ ¶ÂÏÔÔÓÓËÛÈ·ÎÒÓ ™Ô˘‰ÒÓ, ÕÚÁÔ˜ - ¡·‡ÏÈÔÓ, 6-10™ÂÙÂÌ‚Ú›Ô˘ 1995, vol. Aã, p. 514-533, figs. 1-17.

STAVROPOULOU-GATSI 2001 = M. STAVROPOULOU-GATSI, “OÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ÙË˜ ÂÔ¯‹˜ ÙÔ˘ Ã·ÏÎÔ‡ ÛÙËÓ «¶·ÁÒÓ·» ÙË˜¶¿ÙÚ·˜”, in V. MITSOPOULOS-LEON (ed.), Forschungen in der Peloponnes. Akten des Symposions anläßlich der Feier“100 Jahre Österreichisches Archäologisches Instituts Athen”, Athen 5.3-7.3.1998, p. 29-38, Taf. 2-3.

1. See in general STAVROPOULOU-GATSI 1998 and 2001.2. No. 4 on the map p. 31, fig. 1 in STAVROPOULOU-GATSI 2001.3. Foundations and the sections from Chrisovitsiou 9 are presented in STAVROPOULOU-GATSI 1998, fig. 2.4. STAVROPOULOU-GATSI 2001, fig. 3.5. Omada 81. Ibid., fig. 3.


THE OLDER HORIZON (OMADES 31, 49 AND 68) (Fig. 1)

Goblets in the lower layers have a thickened flat out-turned rim with an S-curved pro-file from rim to lower body and without any carination. Two rather flat strap-handlesextend from below the rim to the upper part of the body. No. 1 of Fig. 1 (and Fig. 2)

is decorated with zones of black matt painted parallel bands, horizontal below andoblique on top of the handle. A square pattern is also seen on the body fragment.Parallel slanting lines are painted on the broad rim. The fabric is very fine light red (10R6/6). Parallels for shape and decoration of the painted goblet are found in the Argolidin MH IIIA contexts.6

Large cups or small kraters (e.g. no. 2) are present but not common and a few samplesof fine pointed upright handles for kantharoi (no. 3) come from omada 68. The handlesderive from cups of a more open shape than the well-known samples of semi globularkantharoi from Thermon in Aitolia.7 The context indicates a dating in MH IIIA even ifthe general type continues at least until the end of LH I. We should finally like to men-tion the presence of small fine tempered cups with loop-handles on the rim also foundin MH III contexts in Northeastern Peloponnese.8

A most characteristic group of small cups and jars has a fine light red (10R 6/6) fabricwithout visible grits (Fig. 1: 4-7). Decoration of horizontal lines below the rim in a grainyblack matt paint is added on the strongly burnished pink surface. The surface is highlyburnished on the inside as well as on the outside. A small strap-handle with a centralgroove was found in the same context. The fine tempered clay, the thick heavily burnishedred slip and the way the paint is added on the surface relate this pottery to a specific groupof ceramics isolated on the Argive site of Asine as “Asine Bichrome”.9 In Asine this potteryis wheel-made, however, and dated in MH IIIB.10 The shape of the pottery from Pagonaindicates that the group is local in Achaia while it is certainly imported in the Argolid. Kraters of the earlier phase are smaller than in the succeeding. Among coarse ware potterysherds from large vessels with plastic decoration are found (no. 10) and also examples ofso-called “Adriatic Ware” (nos. 11-12). Finally Grey Minyan cups with out-turned lips andplastic decoration with horizontal grooves are associated to these contexts (Fig. 1: 12-13).

THE TRANSITION FROM MIDDLE HELLADIC TO MYCENAEAN IN NORTHWESTERN PELOPONNESE 123

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6. DIETZ, Argolid, p. 63, fig. 15: 79-80; PHILIPPA-TOUCHAIS, Céramique Aspis I, p. 126, fig. 16 and p. 127.7. For references see DIETZ & MOSCHOS 2006, p. 50-51, n. 57. Kantharoi with pointed handles are common in

Katarachia, Western Achaia.8. DIETZ, Argolid, fig. 48.9. Ibid., p. 30, FT4.10. Ibid., p. 80, nos. 193-194.


THE LATER HORIZON (OMADA 81) (Fig. 1)

In the succeeding horizon goblets or kraters are among the most popular types of pottery(Fig. 1: 15). Compared to the painted fine tempered goblets of the first horizon the gob-lets of the later periods have changed considerably. The diagnostic goblets or kraters of theperiod are rather small of medium tempered clay. The rim diameter is between 12 and 20

cm. The rim is flat and thickens as it slopes outwards, as in the first horizon, but the bodyis sharply carinated with a concave neck and a convex lower body. The strap-handle ischaracteristically angular. These jars are very common in the pottery repertoire of Pagonaand the body corresponds to the characteristic MH IIIB/LH IA goblets in NortheasternPeloponnese, where the handles, however, are always flat in contrast to the angular han-dles in Northwestern Peloponnese.11

The widely distributed type of the hemispherical cups and bowls (nos. 16-17) are foundin the Northeastern Peloponnese in MH IIIB and later contexts. They develop into theLustrous Painted semi-globular cups (FS 211) of the LH IB period.12

A smaller selection of around a thousand sherds from the deposit omada 81 have been in-cluded in the analysis in order to illustrate the pottery production of the period.13 By farthe most common ceramics are medium tempered, very hard, handmade fabrics with a paleyellow or pink matt slip on the surface, either with a thick wall (more than 8 mm) or muchmore frequently with a thin wall (less than 8 mm) –they make up some 70% of the wholeassemblage (90% according to weight). Less frequent are various groups of fine ware fab-rics which make up some 17% and which are sometimes wheel-made; 12% have decorationin matt paint, among which are huge jars with triangular patterns in a zone below the rimand probably with a conical raised base, likewise with triangular patterns (Fig. 1: 19-20,

and Fig. 3). As in Pagona the jars with thickened down-sloping rim are also characteristicof the MH IIIB/LH IA pottery horizon in Chalkis Aitolias.14

The jug no. 18 is of a type with globular body and conical broad neck with cut-away spout.Close parallels are found in the Northeastern Peloponnese dated to the MH IIIB period.15

The krater (Fig. 1: 21) is lustrous painted with a “hawksbeak” rim and a rather unusualwavy line pattern with a dot, which might well be dated in the later part of LH I. Theshape, however, is related to the usual semi-globular bowls of the early Mycenaean period


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11. Ibid., figs. 21 and 51.12. Ibid., p. 87 and nos. 140-143 (AB-14); PHILIPPA-TOUCHAIS, Céramique Aspis I, p. 22; DIETZ & MOSCHOS 2006,

p. 51, no. 238 and p. 54, nos. 149-150 (FS 211).13. Other sherds from omada 81 are depicted in STAVROPOULOU-GATSI 1998, fig. 11 and 14.14. DIETZ & MOSCHOS 2006, fig. 15.15. DIETZ, Argolid, p. 172, fig. 53 and 72, fig. 22, no. 186; PHILIPPA-TOUCHAIS, Céramique Aspis I, p. 33, fig. 25,

nos. 91-92.


and could probably be dated even to the LH IIA period, but to be sure before the destruc-tion horizon in LH IIB/LH IIIA1. The same date holds true for the large semi globularbowl no. 22 with a thickening on the inside of the out-turned rim.It is of considerable importance that deposit 81 in Chrisovitsiou 9 and several strata fromthe excavations in Liakopoulou Street contain bowls with “wish-bone” handles like thecharacteristic bowls with thin out turned rims closely paralleled at Thermon and ChalkisAitolias.16 In Chalkis Aitolias one bowl of this type is found in a secure LH IB context inassociation with two Lustrous Painted cups of FS 211 type.17 This specific type of “wish-bone” handle (note that the terminology is used both in Cyprus and Crete on types whichdiverge considerably from the handles in Western Greece) ranges from Messenia in thesouth to Achaia, to Chalkis Aitolias in the Aitolian coastland to Thermon in central Aitolia,to Graves near Astakos in Akarnania, Kerkyra, and to Dodona in Epirus. It is likely that thetype is related to bowls in Thessaly, especially from Lianokladhi.18 The evidences fromPagona probably indicates that “wish-bone” handles have been used during the whole timespan from MH IIIB to LH IB.In Thermon in Aetolia a considerable number of Matt-Painted patterns are found on wellpreserved vessels.19 One jar with a funnel-shaped neck has wavy line patterns in horizontalbands on the shoulder; vessel whose shape is almost exactly the same as a fragment fromChalkis Aitolias safely dated in the MH III/LH IA horizon. Kenneth Wardle suggested thatthese “Matt-Painted jars of Middle Helladic tradition” belonged to the LH IIA destructionhorizon, but based on the above new evidence from Chalkis Aitolias it is safe to say that atleast parts of this assemblage should be dated in LH I and that the settlement in Thermongoes as far back as at least this period. A large krater (rim diameter 28 cm) from Thermonof traditional LH I type with decoration in Polychrome Mainland style and more examplesin this decoration have been found and were probably locally produced in Thermon. Thetriangular pattern in the zone below the rim is further evidence for the relations betweenAchaia and Aitolia and indicates that lines of communication from MH IIIB/LH IA onwardsnot only point eastwards but also to a considerable degree towards the North (Fig. 4).

To summarize the evidence from Chrisovitsiou 9 in Pagona we conclude that it has beenpossible to distinguish two phases of occupation in the transitional period from Middle


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16. M. STAVROPOULOU-GATSI, V. KARAGEORGHIS, “Imitations of Late Bronze Age Cypriote Ceramics from Patras-Pagona”, RDAC 2003, p. 95-104. Catalogue nos. 4, 5, 6a and 6b are from Chrisovitsiou 9, omada 81.

17. DIETZ & MOSCHOS 2006, p. 91, catalogue nos. 149 and 150.18. Ibid., p. 54.19. See S. DIETZ, “ Thermon and the Matt Painted Pottery in Aitolia – New Fix Points for the Chronology ”, in

C. REINHOLDT, F. LANG, J. WEILHARTNER (eds.), STEPHANOS ARISTEIOS. Archäologische Forschungen zwis-chen Nil und Istros: Festschrift für Stefan Hiller zum 65. Geburtstag, p. 83-93.


Helladic to Late Helladic. In a level approximately 1.30 m below the datum point severaldeposits (and foundation walls) have been isolated with a pottery assemblage containingpainted goblets with S-swung profile, kantharoi with high-swung pointed handles, openbowls and jars with a highly burnished red surface and grainy black matt paint, sherds in“Adriatic Ware” and Grey Minyan bowls with horizontal grooves. Parallels with the North-eastern Peloponnese indicate a dating contemporary with MH IIIA in that area. During thisperiod no relations towards the North are attested. This, however, could be due to the factthat this period has not, until now, been found north of the Gulf of Patras.The deposit omada 81 was found in room 6 below a substantial destruction level of LHIIB/LH IIIA1 date. The destruction level itself is attested in all rooms excavated in thetrench. In omada 81 the body of the goblets is strongly carinated and the strap-handles areangular. Found in the same deposit are hemispherical bowls and cups and large kraterswith a thickened rim and typical running triangular pattern in black matt paint in the zonebelow the rim and with triangular patterns on a raised base, globular jugs with cut-awayspout with matt paint, hemispherical bowls and cups in Grey Minyan fabric, and largekraters with Lustrous Painted decoration. Compared to the chronological sequences in the Northeastern Peloponnese the materialfrom omada 81 includes pottery to be dated generally from MH IIIB to LH I, perhaps withsome LH IIA elements. It is striking that no pottery of Aeginetan type has been found. InChalkis Aitolias one single sherd had clear gold mica inclusions, but an Aeginetan origincannot be safely concluded from the shape of the bowl. As Aeginetan connections withSicily and elsewhere in Southern Italy have been attested, it would have been no surpriseif there had been some sort of commercial relations with Western Greece as well. Similarlythe Cycladic pottery so well attested in the Northeastern Peloponnese and Attica are neitherpresent in Achaia nor in the Aitolian coastland –even though Melian obsidian is still foundand used in Chalkis Aitolias in the MH IIIB/LH IA horizon.20 Bowls/cups with “wish-bone” handles indicate relations with the area to the north of the Gulf of Patras and so dothe running triangular patterns on the kraters which in shape are very similar to kratersfrom Chalkis Aitolias.Until now nothing has been found in Pagona which can indicate a Middle Helladic habita-tion prior to MH IIIA. It should be emphasized, however, that only those strata down tothe 1.30 m level have been analyzed. More material has been excavated below this level allthe way to bedrock, which in some instances is found as far down as 2.50 m below datumlevel.


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20. DIETZ & MOSCHOS 2006, p. 62.



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Fig. 1. – Pottery from the transitional periods in Pagona, Patras. Left column: the older horizon(omades 31, 49 and 68) corresponding to the period MH IIIA in the Northeastern Peloponnese(lay-out by Mikkel Mayerhofer).



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Fig. 2. – Goblet with S-swung section and matt paint (Fig. 1, no. 1).Fig. 3. – Krater with filled triangular patterns below the rim (Fig. 1, no. 19).

Fig. 4. – Map showing sites around the golf of Patras mentioned in the text.

2 3


CONCLUSION

The major question at issue in this conference is: “Have we made progress in our knowledgeof mainland Greece during the Middle Bronze Age?” The answer is indisputably yes, evenif there remain many avenues for further research. Oliver Dickinson opened the conferenceby expressing his hope that we would learn much new about this phase of Greek prehistory,broaden our horizons, and ask new questions. The subsequent four days of papers rangedover many areas and themes and it is clear from listening to them that we have succeededin informing each other in ways that make for a much more nuanced understanding ofthis period than we had before we arrived.This progress has been made in three different respects. First is geographical. Regions whichhad been largely unknown and under-appreciated such as Elis, Achaia, Aetolia, Phthiotis-Lokris, Thessaly, and the Spercheios Valley, are now understood to be important and excitingareas for research. Important settlements which were not known in enough detail are muchclearer thanks to reports given here. For examples we can point to Thebes, Dimini andKirrha, among many others. Second is chronological. We are now at a point where, especiallythanks to the patient and careful work of all of our colleagues in the Archaeological Service,we can provide an archaeological definition of MH I and MH II, at least within restrictedregions ; and this is not limited to the study of ceramics but also leads to an emerging under-standing of the organization of settlement and to indications of the directions of interactionamong different regions. Third is thematic. Of the approximately 70 communications, lessthan a dozen focused on ceramics (although this subject was often recognized as a componentof other papers) and just slightly fewer focused on burials and funerary customs. Yet if the

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conference had taken place 10 or 15 years before, without doubt many more papers wouldhave addressed these themes, because at that time they monopolized our interests.This signifies, without any disrespect for these subjects, how scholarly interest has matured.Henceforth many other important subjects, such as lithics, architecture and settlement,economy, subsistence and modes of life, and social structure will drive our research.A number of presentations here have illustrated also the importance of attention to highlydetailed and scientific applications that have the potential to revise fundamentally our tra-ditional view of Middle Helladic societies. All these new and enlarged themes are owed toa transformation in the approaches Aegean archaeologists take to their fields of study, andwe can take pride that our international community cooperates not only in research butalso in training and that our host country of Greece continues to welcome new approachesand new ideas in the study of its past.The attention to the geographic spread of Middle Helladic cultures and the variety of inter-connections among different regions of Greece bears further comment. We are especiallygrateful to the participants for presenting much important new material, for bringing to lightold material that was insufficiently known, and for focusing on the interpretation of evidenceat many levels. As already noted, we have come to appreciate much better, thanks to thereports presented here, the vitality and viability of different regions. The papers have openedour eyes to settlement around the Saronic Gulf, throughout Attika, in Lokris and Thessaly,throughout the Corinthian Gulf and its opening to the West, in the southwesternPeloponnesos, in relationship to the Cycladic islands and those of the northeast Aegean, andof course in relation to Crete.Of special notice are the reports that show the strong relations among Thessaly, Lokris, andPhokis and their relationship to the Corinthian Gulf. Discussion of settlements along theCorinthian Gulf show how they are interconnected, thus emphasizing its important role asa corridor connecting the Saronic Region at the east with Western Greece. From there, fol-lowing on several reports, we are reminded that during the Middle Bronze Age knowledgeof the Adriatic and Tyrrhenian coasts was increased and even that the geography of theWestern Mediterranean was within the ken of these peoples. When we look eastwards intothe Aegean, several reports make clear the fundamental importance for mainlanders of con-nections to the islands, whether looking at local relations with the important offshore islandsof Aegina and Keos or the Cyclades, with their emerging gateway communities that con-trolled access to Crete.Also of interest is the role of Crete during this period. Several of the papers point to Cretaninterest in metals, not least a reason for Cretan interest in the northern and northeasternAegean as more advanced forms of copper and bronze metallurgy begin to take hold. Weneed continuously reassess the role of Crete at this time, since as the work at Kythera demon-strates, it is not as straightforward as models of Cretan “colonization” of the Aegean hadpreviously led scholars to believe.

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1038 CONCLUSION


The outstanding work of our colleagues in the Archaeological Service deserves further notice.Without their reports on new discoveries, their restudy of old material that commands ourattention, and their assessment of the details of stratigraphy, ceramic development, and evi-dence of interconnections, this conference would not have succeeded. What has been pro-vided to the conferees as a result of these reports is nothing less than a rewriting of theMiddle Helladic as a cultural period. In connection with this work, the many papers whichreevaluated different aspects of Middle Helladic culture and its social practices, provide uswith a picture of a culture that is distinctly Middle Helladic, yet remains one without a strongcenter. In this regard the mosaic of regional and local forms that come into view is especiallytantalizing as a picture of what we know was to come in the Late Bronze Age. Middle HelladicGreece is not merely an appendage of Early Helladic nor only a prelude to the Mycenaeans.It was a vigorous and dynamic interregional cultural phenomenon that established socialand economic relations in a fashion that was different from the small centralized politiesof the Early Bronze Age. At a time when new connections were forged and older onesreestablished, it was a new beginning, but hardly the one of stagnant cultural practices andan immobilized and impoverished population that most of us have been taught. There aremany lessons for us to draw from the proceedings and we hope that they will bring to awider public the interest and excitement shown by the participants at the conference.

The editors

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CONCLUSION 1039


TABLE DES MATIÈRES

Préface, par Dominique MULLIEZ, Directeur de l’EFA, ............................................................................................................................................................................... 1Stephen V. TRACY, Directeur de l’ASCSA et ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 2Gert Jan VAN WIJNGARTEN, Directeur du NIA ................................................................................................................................................................................ 2

Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3Liste des abréviations ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7

Conférence inaugurale, par Oliver DICKINSON : The “Third World” of the Aegean? Middle Helladic GreeceRevisited ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13

I. ΤOPOGRAPHIE ET HABITAT

Katie DEMAKOPOULOU and Nicoletta DIVARI-VALAKOU, The Middle Helladic Settlement on the Acropolisof Midea ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 31-44

Άλκηστη ΠΑΠΑΔΗΜΗΤΡΙΟΥ, Οι ανασκαφές στο Νοσοκομείο του Άργους ................................................................................. 45-56

Kim SHELTON, Living and Dying in and around Middle Helladic Mycenae ................................................................................................ 57-65

Eleni KONSOLAKI-YIANNOPOULOU, The Middle Helladic Establishment at Megali Magoula, Galatas(Troezenia) .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 67-76

Joost CROUWEL, Middle Helladic Occupation at Geraki, Laconia ....................................................................................................................................... 77-86

Eλένη ZΑΒΒΟΎ, Eυρήματα της μεσοελλαδικής και της πρώιμης μυκηναϊκής εποχής από τηΣπάρτη και τη Λακωνία ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 87-99

Jack L. DAVIS and Sharon R. STOCKER, Early Helladic and Middle Helladic Pylos : The PetropoulosTrenches and Pre-Mycenaean Remains on the Englianos Ridge ...................................................................................................................................... 101-106

Jörg RAMBACH, Πρόσφατες έρευνες σε μεσοελλαδικές θέσεις της δυτικής Πελοποννήσου ..................... 107-119Søren DIETZ and Maria STAVROPOULOU-GATSI, Pagona and the Transition from Middle Helladic to Myce-naean in Northwestern Peloponnese ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 121-128

Lena PAPAZOGLOU-MANIOUDAKI, The Middle Helladic and Late Helladic I Periods at Aigion in Achaia ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 129-141

Eva ALRAM-STERN, Aigeira and the Beginning of the Middle Helladic Period in Achaia .......................................... 143-150

Michaela ZAVADIL, The Peloponnese in the Middle Bronze Age : An Overview ......................................................................... 151-163

Walter GAUSS and Rudolfine SMETANA, Aegina Kolonna in the Middle Bronze Age ..................................................... 165-174

Naya SGOURITSA, Lazarides on Aegina: Another Prehistoric Site (poster) .......................................................................................... 175-180

Γιάννος Γ. ΛΩΛΟΣ, Σκλάβος: ένα μεσοελλαδικό ορόσημο στη νότια ακτή της Σαλαμίνος(αναρτημένη ανακοίνωση) ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 181-185

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Γιάννα ΒΕΝΙΕΡΗ, Νέα στοιχεία για την κατοίκηση στη νότια πλευρά της Ακρόπολης των Αθηνών κατάτη μεσοελλαδική περίοδο: ευρήματα από την ανασκαφήστο οικόπεδο Μακρυγιάννη ............................ 187-198

Όλγα ΚΑΚΑΒΟΓΙΑΝΝΗ και Κερασία ΝΤΟΥΝΗ, Η μεσοελλαδική εποχή στη νοτιοανατολικήΑττική .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 199-210

Konstantinos KALOGEROPOULOS, Middle Helladic Human Activity in Eastern Attica: The Case of Brauron .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 211-221

Jeannette FORSÉN, Aphidna in Attica Revisited ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 223-234

† Μαρία ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΑΚΟΥ, Μεσοελλαδικές θέσεις στη Λαυρεωτική και τη νοτιοανατολική Αττική(αναρτημένη ανακοίνωση) ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 235-242

Nikolas PAPADIMITRIOU, Attica in the Middle Helladic Period ......................................................................................................................................... 243-257

Φωτεινή ΣΑΡΑΝΤΗ, Νέοι οικισμοί της Μέσης Εποχής του Χαλκού στην επαρχία Ναυπακτίας(αναρτημένη ανακοίνωση) ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 259-267

Sylvie MÜLLER CELKA, L’occupation d’Érétrie (Eubée) à l’Helladique Moyen (poster) ........................................... 269-279

Λιάνα ΠΑΡΛΑΜΑ, Mαρία ΘΕΟΧΑΡΗ, Σταμάτης ΜΠΟΝΑΤΣΟΣ, Xριστίνα PΩΜΑΝΟΥ και Γιάννης MΑΝΟΣ,Παλαμάρι Σκύρου: η πόλη της Mέσης Xαλκοκρατίας (αναρτημένη ανακοίνωση) .............................. 281-289

Anthi BATZIOU-EFSTATHIOU, Kastraki, a New Bronze Age Settlement in Achaea Phthiotis ............................... 291-300

Βασιλική ΑΔΡΥΜΗ-ΣΙΣΜΑΝΗ, Το Διμήνι στη Μέση Εποχή Χαλκού ....................................................................................................... 301-313

Λεωνίδας Π. ΧΑΤΖΗΑΓΓΕΛΑΚΗΣ, Νεότερα ανασκαφικά δεδομένα της Μέσης Εποχής Χαλκού στοΝομό Καρδίτσας ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 315-329

II. PRATIQUES FUNÉRAIRES ET ANTHROPOLOGIE PHYSIQUE

Anna LAGIA and William CAVANAGH, Burials from Kouphovouno, Sparta, Lakonia ...................................................... 333-346

Eleni MILKA, Burials upon the Ruins of Abandoned Houses in the Middle Helladic Argolid ......................... 347-355

Ελένη ΠΑΛΑΙΟΛΟΓΟΥ, Μεσοελλαδικοί τάφοι από τη Μιδέα .................................................................................................................................. 357-365

Olivier PELON, Les tombes à fosse de Mycènes : rupture ou continuité ? ................................................................................................. 367-376

Vassilis ARAVANTINOS and Kyriaki PSARAKI, The Middle Helladic Cemeteries of Thebes. General Reviewand Remarks in the Light of New Investigations and Finds ................................................................................................................................................... 377-395

Laetitia PHIALON, Funerary Practices in Central Greece from the Middle Helladic into the Early MycenaeanPeriod (poster) ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 397-402

Vassilis P. PETRAKIS, Diversity in Form and Practice in Middle Helladic and Early Mycenaean ElaborateTombs: An Approach to Changing Prestige Expression in Changing Times ........................................................................................ 403-416

Maia POMADÈRE, De l’indifférenciation à la discrimination spatiale des sépultures ? Variété des comportementsà l’égard des enfants morts pendant l’HM-HR I ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 417-429

Florian RUPPENSTEIN, Gender and Regional Differences in Middle Helladic Burial Customs.............................. 431-439

Sevi TRIANTAPHYLLOU, Prospects for Reconstructing the Lives of Middle Helladic Populations in the Argolid:Past and Present of Human Bone Studies ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 441-451

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Abi BOUWMAN, Keri BROWN and John PRAG, Middle Helladic Kinship : Families, Faces and DNA atMycenae .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 453-459

Robert ARNOTT and Antonia MORGAN-FORSTER, Health and Disease in Middle Helladic Greece ....... 461-470

Anne INGVARSSON-SUNDSTRÖM, Tooth Counts and Individuals: Health Status in the East Cemetery andBarbouna at Asine as Interpreted from Teeth (poster) ........................................................................................................................................................................ 471-477

Fabian KANZ, Karl GROSSSCHMIDT and Jan KIESSLICH, Subsistence and more in Middle Bronze Age AeginaKolonna : An Anthropology of Newborn Children (poster) ................................................................................................................................................. 479-487

Leda KOVATSI, Dimitra NIKOU, Sofia KOUIDOU-ANDREOU, Sevi TRIANTAPHYLLOU, Carol ZERNER and SofiaVOUTSAKI, Ancient DNA Analysis of Human Remains from Middle Helladic Lerna (poster) ....................... 489-494

III. UNIVERS SYMBOLIQUE ET RITUEL

Evyenia YIANNOULI, Middle Helladic between Minoan and Mycenaean: On the Symbolic Meaning of Offen-sive Instruments ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 497-507

Fritz BLAKOLMER, The Iconography of the Shaft Grave Period as Evidence for a Middle Helladic Traditionof Figurative Arts? ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 509-519

Anthi THEODOROU-MAVROMMATIDI, Defining Ritual Action. A Middle Helladic Pit at the Site of ApolloMaleatas in Epidauros .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 521-533

Helène WHITTAKER, Some Thoughts on Middle Helladic Religious Beliefs and Ritual and their Significancein Relation to Social Structure ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 535-543

Alexandra TRANTA-NIKOLI, Elements of Middle Helladic Religious Tradition and their Survival in Myce-naean Religion (poster) ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 545-548

IV. CÉRAMIQUE ET CHRONOLOGIE

Michael B. COSMOPOULOS, The Middle Helladic Stratigraphy of Eleusis .................................................................................................... 551-556

Αικατερίνη ΣΤΑΜΟΥΔH, Η μεσοελλαδική κατοίκηση στο Κάστρο Λαμίας. Κεραμεικές ακολουθίεςκαι ιδιαιτερότητες στην κοιλάδα του Σπερχειού ....................................................................................................................................................................... 557-571

Fanouria DAKORONIA, Delphi-Kirrha-Pefkakia via Spercheios Valley : Matt-Painted Pottery as Sign of Inter-communication ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 573-581

Μαρία-Φωτεινή ΠΑΠΑΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΟΥ και Δημήτρης Ν. ΣΑΚΚΑΣ, Μεσοελλαδική κεραμική από τοΑμούρι στην κοιλάδα του Σπερχειού (αναρτημένη ανακοίνωση) ...................................................................................................... 583-590

Ελένη ΦΡΟΥΣΣΟΥ, Η μετάβαση από τη Μέση στην Ύστερη Εποχή Χαλκού στο Νέο ΜοναστήριΦθιώτιδας (αναρτημένη ανακοίνωση) ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 591-601

Kalliope SARRI, Minyan and Minyanizing Pottery. Myth and Reality about a Middle Helladic Type Fossil ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 603-613

John C. OVERBECK, The Middle Helladic Origin of “Shaft-Grave Polychrome” Ware ..................................................... 615-619

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Iro MATHIOUDAKI, “Mainland Polychrome” Pottery : Definition, Chronology, Typological Correlations ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 621-633

Walter GAUSS, Aegina Kolonna. Pottery Classification and Research Database (poster) .......................................... 635-640

Sofia VOUTSAKI, Albert NIJBOER and Carol ZERNER, Radiocarbon Analysis and Middle Helladic Lerna (poster) ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 641-647

V. PRODUCTION, TECHNOLOGIE ET ÉCONOMIE

Δέσποινα ΣΚΟΡΔΑ, Κίρρα: οι κεραμεικοί κλίβανοι του προϊστορικού οικισμού στη μετάβαση απότη μεσοελλαδική στην υστεροελλαδική εποχή .............................................................................................................................................................................. 651-668

Lindsay SPENCER, The Regional Specialisation of Ceramic Production in the EH III through MH II Period ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 669-681

Evangelia KIRIATZI, “Minoanising” Pottery Traditions in the Southwest Aegean during the Middle BronzeAge: Understanding the Social Context of Technological and Consumption Practice .......................................................... 683-699

Maria KAYAFA, Middle Helladic Metallurgy and Metalworking : Review of the Archaeological and Archaeo-metric Evidence from the Peloponnese ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 701-711

Ιωάννης Δ. ΦΑΠΠΑΣ, Από τη Μέση στην Ύστερη Εποχή Χαλκού: μια οικοτεχνική δραστηριότηταστον Βοιωτικό Ορχομενό .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 713-719

Armelle GARDEISEN, Approche comparative de contextes du Bronze Moyen égéen à travers les données del’archéozoologie ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 721-732

Gerhard FORSTENPOINTNER, Alfred GALIK, Gerald E. WEISSENGRUBER, Stefan ZOHMANN,Ursula THANHEISER and Walter GAUSS, Subsistence and more in Middle Bronze Age Aegina Kolonna :Patterns of Husbandry, Hunting and Agriculture .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 733-742

Alfred GALIK, Stefan ZOHMANN, Gerhard FORSTENPOINTNER, Gerald WEISSENGRUBER and Walter GAUSS,Subsistence and more in Middle Bronze Age Aegina Kolonna : Exploitation of Marine Resources (poster) ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 743-751

VI. ORGANISATION ET ÉVOLUTION SOCIALES

John BINTLIFF, The Middle Bronze Age through the Surface Survey Record of the Greek Mainland: Demo-graphic and Sociopolitical Insights ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 755-763

Sofia VOUTSAKI, The Domestic Economy in Middle Helladic Asine ........................................................................................................................ 765-779

Anna PHILIPPA-TOUCHAIS, Settlement Planning and Social Organisation in Middle Helladic Greece .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 781-801

James C. WRIGHT, Towards a Social Archaeology of Middle Helladic Greece ....................................................................................... 803-815

Louise A. HITCHCOCK and Anne P. CHAPIN, Lacuna in Laconia : Why were there no Middle HelladicPalaces ? (poster) ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 817-822

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VII. RELATIONS EXTÉRIEURES ET INTERACTION

Peggy SOTIRAKOPOULOU, The Cycladic Middle Bronze Age : A “Dark Age” in Aegean Prehistory or a DarkSpot in Archaeological Research ? ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 825-839

Donna May CREGO, Ayia Irini IV: A Distribution Center for the Middle Helladic World ?(poster) ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 841-845

Gerald CADOGAN and Katerina KOPAKA, Coping with the Offshore Giant: Middle Helladic Interactions withMiddle Minoan Crete ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 847-858

Luca GIRELLA, MH III and MM III : Ceramic Synchronisms in the Transition to the Late Bronze Age .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 859-873

Aleydis VAN DE MOORTEL, Interconnections between the Western Mesara and the Aegean in the MiddleBronze Age .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 875-884

Tomáš ALUŠÍK, Middle Helladic and Middle Minoan Defensive Architecture: A Comparison(poster) .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 885-889

Christos BOULOTIS, Koukonisi (Lemnos), un site portuaire florissant du Bronze Moyen et du début du BronzeRécent dans le Nord de l’Égée .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 891-907

Vassilis P. PETRAKIS and Panagiotis MOUTZOURIDIS, Grey Ware(s) from the Bronze Age Settlement ofKoukonisi on Lemnos : First Presentation (poster) ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 909-917

Massimo CULTRARO, In Death not Separated. Evidence of Middle Bronze Age Intramural Burials at Poliochnion Lemnos ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 919-930

Peter PAVÚK, Minyan or not? The Second Millennium Grey Ware in Western Anatolia and its Relation toMainland Greece ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 931-943

Ιωάννης ΑΣΛΑΝΗΣ, Στοιχεία αρχιτεκτονικής από τη μεσοχαλκή Μακεδονία: τα δεδομένα από τονΆγιο Μάμα Νέας Ολύνθου ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 945-953

Χριστίνα ΖΙΩΤΑ, Η δυτική Μακεδονία στην ύστερη τρίτη και στις αρχές της δεύτερηςχιλιετίας π.Χ. Οι ταφικές πρακτικές και οι κοινωνικές τους διαστάσεις ............................................................................. 955-967

Sevi TRIANTAPHYLLOU, Aspects of Life Histories from the Bronze Age Cemetery at Xeropigado Koiladas,Western Macedonia (poster) ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 969-974

Aikaterini PAPANTHIMOU, †Angeliki PILALI and Evanthia PAPADOPOULOU, Archontiko Yiannitson: A Set-tlement in Macedonia during the Late Third and Early Second Millennium B.C. (poster) .................................... 975-980

Λιάνα ΣΤΕΦΑΝΗ και Νίκος ΜΕΡΟΥΣΗΣ, Αναζητώντας τη Μέση Εποχή του Χαλκού στη Μακεδονία.Παλιές και νέες έρευνες στην Ημαθία (αναρτημένη ανακοίνωση) ............................................................................................. 981-986

Ευτυχία ΠΟΥΛΑΚΗ-ΠΑΝΤΕΡΜΑΛΗ, Ελένη ΚΛΙΝΑΚΗ, Σοφία ΚΟΥΛΙΔΟΥ, Ευτέρπη ΠΑΠΑΔΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ καιΑναστάσιος ΣΥΡΟΣ, Η Μέση και η αρχή της Ύστερης Εποχής Χαλκού στην περιοχή τουΜακεδονικού Ολύμπου (αναρτημένη ανακοίνωση) .............................................................................................................................................................. 987-993

Kyriaki PSARAKI and Stelios ANDREOU, Regional Processes and Interregional Interactions in NorthernGreece during the Early Second Millennium B.C. (poster) ................................................................................................................................................ 995-1003

BCH Suppl. 52

TABLE DES MATIÈRES 1045


Rozalia CHRISTIDOU, Middle Bronze Age Bone Tools from Sovjan, Southeastern Albania(poster) ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1005-1012

Γαρυφαλιά ΜΕΤΑΛΛΗΝΟΥ, Η Μέση Χαλκοκρατία στα άκρα: η περίπτωση της Κέρκυρας ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 1013-1023

Christina MERKOURI, MH III/LH I Pottery from Vivara (Gulf of Naples, Italy). A Contribution to theUnderstanding of an Enigmatic Period .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1025-1036

Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1037-1039

Tables des matières .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1041-1046

BCH Suppl. 52



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