Online Arabic Intensive

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E d u c a t i o n | P r e s e r v a t i o n | A p p l i c a t i o n

PART 1:ARABIC GRAMMAR

(NAHW)2

Introduction to Nahw Nahw is that science which teaches us how to join two words together correctly with the right Iaraab (Harakah). In simpler words, Nahw is Arabic Grammar.

The word itself means corner.

Why is it important to learn? E d u c a t i o n | P r e s e r v a t i o n | A p p l i c a t i o n 3

3 Types of WordsThere are three types of words in Arabic: 1. Ism (Nouns/Adjectives)2. Fil (Verbs)3. Harf (Prepositions)

In Arabic, every Ism has 4 characteristics:1. اعراب - Refers to the Fatha, Dhumma, and Kasrah2. نكر / معرف - Proper/common3. جنس - Gender 4. عدد - Number/quantity

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Lesson 1: Masculine and Feminine The third quality of every noun is its gender. Every

noun will always be attached to a gender.

In Arabic, the genders are classified as Mudhakar (Masculine) and Muanath (Feminine)

There are ways to denote whether the noun is masculine or feminine.

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Signs of Gender

Signs of Muanath1. Having a feminine taa ة at the ending of the

word2. Biological feminine: Mother, daughter, aunt3. Body parts that are in pairs4. Names of places

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Mudhakar (Masculine)There are no specific signs of a Masculine noun. If it does not have any of the signs of a feminine noun, then that would keep it as Mudhakar.

كوفة ,المعلمة , قلم , ت البن , افریقا, اسماء, عین ضة الم , الطبیب , الشارع , االم , باكستان , مر

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Quranic Examples كأنھن الیاقوت و المرجانان الساعة التیةان هللا غني حمیدا كتابیھ أوت لم الیتنيی فیقول بشمالھ كتابھ أوتي من وأمقریباتكون الساعة لعل یدریك ومالعلك باخع نفسكره ◌ وقرایھ أذن فيكأن یسمعھالم كأن امستكبر ولىآیاتناعلیھ تتلىوإذا فبش

بعذاب اعظیم فوزافأفوز معھم كنت یالیتني

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Lesson 2: Marifa (Definite) & Nakira (Indefinite)

Every noun in the Arabic language is either Marifa or Nakira

Marifa refers to a specific noun or definite noun.

Nakira refers to an unspecified noun.

Note: All nouns will either be Marifa or Nakira.

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Marifa (Definite)Marifa is recognized in 3 ways:1. By adding an ال.

2. Natural Proper Noun: Persons name, city’s name, country’s name

3. Pronouns: He, She, They E d u c a t i o n | P r e s e r v a t i o n | A p p l i c a t i o n 11

Nakira (Indefinite)Nakira is any noun that generally ends with a Tanween.

Nakira is translated with the particle “a”, or “an”.

Marifa is translated with the particle “The”.

Examples:

احمد , ھم , المعلم , الب ط , كتاب , افریقا, عدل , البیت E d u c a t i o n | P r e s e r v a t i o n | A p p l i c a t i o n 12

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Quranic Examples بع خطوات بالفحشاء والمنكر فإنھ یأمر الشیطان ومن یت من ف نكاحاال یجدون ضلھ حتى یغنیھم � علیھم أظفركم أن بعد من مكة ببطن عنھم وأیدیكم ذااجعل رب إبراھیم قال وإذ اآمن البلد ھ تتقون أال ود ه أخوھم لھم قال إذا � عند من كتاب جاءھم ولم معروفاقوال تقولواأن إال اآلخر والیوم با� یؤمنون رة أزواج فیھاولھم مطھ

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Lesson 3: Status (Iaraab)There are 3 kinds of statuses

1. Rafa (which generally is the doer)The student (Rafa) completed his work (Nasab).

2. Nasab (Object of the sentence)

3. Kasrah ( ◌) (Because of a harf jar)

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Identifying Various Statuses How to identify an Iaraab?

If the noun is singular, then its simple. The harakah itself will show you the state of the sentence.

However, if it is Dual and Plural, then the process changes. How so?

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The Dual Form In the state of Rafa the dual is always shown with an alif (أ) added

post the last letter. كتاب كتابان

And in the state of Nasb and Jarr, it will have a Yaa (ن) and noon (ي)added. The letter before the Yaa will always have a fatha (ي) ( ◌) on it.

كتابا كتابین

In the plural form there will be a difference between masculine nouns and feminine nouns.

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Masculine Chart Plural Dual Singular Iaraab

حامدون حامدان حامد Rafa

حامدین حامدین حامد / حامدا (Nasab, Jar)

ناصرون ناصران ناصر Rafa

ن ناصری ناصرین صر نا/ ناصرا (Nasab, Jar)

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Feminine Chart Plural Dual Singular

حامدات (Rafa) حامدتان حامدة حامدات (Nasab, Jar) ن حامدتی ة حامد / حامدة

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Conclusion In conclusion, in order to make a dual noun you will add a noon (ن), before which you will either have an alif (أ) with a fatha ( ◌), or Yaa (ي) with a fatha ( ◌). Never a kasrah ( ◌) because that would make it plural.

For feminine dual it is the same process except that you will add a Taa or (أ) before the alif (ة)Yaa .(ي)

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Examples ناصرات خاشعان العبتین صاءمون طالبینآكالت

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Quranic Examplesیتناومن لك مسلمین واجعلناربنا ة ذر لك ة مسلم أم ق ال مسلمون لھ ونحن منھم أحد بین نفرمسلمین اكانولو كفرواالذین یود ربمامسلمات منكن خیراأزواجا یمان یكفر ومن الخاسرین من اآلخرة فيوھو عملھ حبط فقد باإل ینظرون ھم وال ذاب الع عنھم یخفف ال فیھاخالدین الظلمات إلىالنور من یخرجونھم

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More Examples

االذي خلق سبع سماوات طباق إن الكافرون إال في غرور ا لكم فأخرج بھ من الثمرات رزق وما یضل بھ إال الفاسقینمحیط بالكافرین و�

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Quranic Example

والقانتین مؤمنین والمؤمنات إن المسلمین والمسلمات وال اد ادقین والص ابرین والص والقانتات والص ابرات قات والصقین والمتصد والخاشعین والخاشعات والمت قات صد

ائمات والحاف ائمین والص افظات ظین فروجھم والح والص كثیرا والذاكر غ والذاكرین � لھم م فرة وأجرا ات أعد �

عظیما

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Lesson 4: Quantity The fourth and last factor found in a noun is the quantity.

There are 3 types of Plurals. 1. Normal Plural 2. Feminine Plural 3. Broken Plural

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Types of Plural

Normal or sound and feminine plural are those plurals in which the root letters are never separated or broken.

ون مسلم مسلم ات صابر صابرة

ضارب ,فاتح ,قاتل , عابد ,ناصر E d u c a t i o n | P r e s e r v a t i o n | A p p l i c a t i o n 26

Sound Pluralsطالب-قاتل –ب الع –كاتبة –عالم –ساجد –عابد –فاعل

All these words will have sound plurals. مفسد –مجرم –مسلم– قاتل –زید طالب عالم ھي عابدة ي كاتبة ام الطالب مسلم

All female nouns have sound plurals.E d u c a t i o n | P r e s e r v a t i o n | A p p l i c a t i o n 27

Broken PluralsBroken Plural: Broken plurals are those plurals in which the root letters are separated.

They have no specific theme or rule that they follow. One must look up the singular form to find the plural.

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Examples

بیت كتاب درس

بلد رجل

قلم E d u c a t i o n | P r e s e r v a t i o n | A p p l i c a t i o n 29

بیوت كتب

دروس بالد

رجال اقالم

Examples الورق– باء –الطبیب اط جبال –جبل محسن– االرض– المعلم–

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Examples قاريء– البسة –لباس النافذة– اللبن– وجوه –الوجھ مكرمون –مكرم حافظ–

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Details How does one tell what type of plural it is?

There is no specific method to figure out the plural other than looking up the singular form in the dictionary and finding the plural alongside it.

However, generally all Doer and Object Nouns are normal plurals. So, you can simply make the plural of such words on the pattern which we have studied.

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Lesson 5: Pronouns There are two types of pronouns: Attached and Detached.

Meaning that the pronoun may be attached to the verb/noun or separated from it.

In other words some pronouns are he/she and others are his/her.

The detached form for pronouns are always in the state of Rafa because they are generally either the subject of the sentence.

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Detached Pronouns All 14 of the pronouns we used for Sarf are detached

forms. They are not connected to any word.

They always come in the Rafa form, even though the pronoun may not have a physical Dhumma ( ◌).

They come in that form because they are generally the subject. In Arabic, the Subject will always be in the status of Rafa.

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Examples زید ھو

رشیدة انت

في الغرفة انتما

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Subject

Subject

Subject35

Examples

قائم في المسجد ھو

طالب انا

فھمن الدرس ھن

حاضر في الفصل انتم E d u c a t i o n | P r e s e r v a t i o n | A p p l i c a t i o n 36

Attached PronounThe attached pronoun is in the state of Nasab/Jarr

because it generally comes as the object or possessor in the sentence.

كتابھ His book

قلميMy pen

بیتھاHer house

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Attached Pronoun Chart

English Pronoun in Arabic

His ه

Their (2/M) ھما

Their (plural/M) ھم

Her ھا

Their (2/F) ھما

Their (plural/F) ھن

Yours (M) ك

Yours (2/M) كما

Yours (Plural/M) كم

Yours (F) ك

Yours (2/F) كما

Yours (Plural/F) كن

Mine ي

Ours نا

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Attached Pronouns

ةضمیر متصل Plural جمع Dual تثنیة Singular واحد

Their ھم His(2) ھما His ه 3rd Person (Male)

Their(F) ھن Her(2)(F) ھما Her ھا 3rd Person (Female)

Your(all) كم Your(2) كما Your ك 2nd Person (Male)

Your(all)(F) كن Your(2)(F) كما Your(F) ك 2nd Person (Female)

Our نا My ي 1st Person

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Attached Pronouns

زید ھ ضرب Zaid hit him.

الطبیب ھمشكر The doctor was thankful to them.

المعلمة ھانصرت The teacher helped her.E d u c a t i o n | P r e s e r v a t i o n | A p p l i c a t i o n 40

Examplesيھذا قلم

This is my pen. (Possession)كھي اخت

She is your sister. (Possession)كن ا ذلك بیت

Is that all your (all of you fem.) house? (Possession)

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Quranic Examples أحد قل ھو � میعاھو الذي خلق لكم ما في األرض ج وھم فیھا خالدونقال ھي راودتني عن نفسيونجعل لكما سلطانا وأنتم حینئذ تنظرون فقال أنا ربكم األعلى لنا علیك القرآن تنزیال إنا نحن نز

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Quranic Examples ه كاشفات ھن ھل ضر ن یعلموال ولكن السفھاء ھم إنھم أال الحكیم العلیم أنت إنكبوكیل علیھم أنت وماواتقوا مؤمنون بھ أنتم الذي�ا بیمینھ كتابھ أوتي من فأمكم خلق الذيربكم اعبدواالناس أیھایالنانحن إنا كر نز الذ رون ینص ھم وال العذاب عنھم یخفف فال

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Quranic Examples

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Translate یلعب األطفال مع صدیقكم قلمي جدید فتحت أسماء الباب سیارة الطبیب امام المسجد ب مجتھدون كنتم طال ھا ھي كتبت الى ام جل الى بیتھ ذھب الر

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Examples He is standing in the big Masjid.

You are a doctor working in a small hospital.

Your (Plural/F) cars are next to the broken road.

Our father is at work and will not return until tomorrow.

Those who do bad to you, do good towards them.

My friend told me to leave my job because I did not like it.

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Examples ھو قائم في المسجد الكبیر

غیرة انت طبیب عامل في المستشفى الص

ور سیاراتكن بجانب الشارع المكس

فتر و لم یرجع حت باح ابونا في الد ى الص

من یسؤك أحسن الیھمE d u c a t i o n | P r e s e r v a t i o n | A p p l i c a t i o n 47

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PART 2:ARABIC MORPHOLOGY

(SARF)48

Lesson 6: Sarf and Nahw

What is Sarf?

Sarf literally means to make change. In the context of Arabic, Sarf refers to the knowledge of verbs and their changes.

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Types of Verbs There are 4 types of verbs: 1. Madhi (Past)2. Mudhare (Present/Future)3. Amr (Command) 4. Nahi (Prohibition)

Examples: Madhi - He wrote. Mudhare - He is writing. He will write. Amr - Write! Nahi - Do not write!

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Past Tense (الفعل الماضي)What is Fil Maadhi?

Fil Madhi is known as the past tense verb. It describes an event or action that has already occurred.

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The Root Letters All past tense verbs will fall on the pattern of:

فعلHence, the first letter on each past tense verb will be called the Faa Kalimah, and the middle letter will be called the Aiyn Kalimah, and the last letter will be called the Laam Kalimah.

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The Root Letters All past tense verbs will fall on the pattern of:

فعلE d u c a t i o n | P r e s e r v a t i o n | A p p l i c a t i o n 53

FaaKalima‘Aiyn

KalimaLaamKalima

The Root Letters

For Example The verb ذكر has 3 letters

نصرفتح

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FaaKalima‘Aiyn

KalimaLaamKalima

ذكر

Faa Kalimah Setup

سجد

خرج

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Verb Conjugations There are 14 conjugations in Fil Madhi.

The chart of the 14 conjugations is called a Sigha.

Each Sigha (Conjugation) will inform you of 3 points.

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Verb Conjugations 1. Person (1st person, 2nd person, 3rd person)

2. Gender (Masculine, Feminine)

3. Quantity (Singular, Dual, Plural)

In total, there are 14 possible Sighas.

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Pronoun Chart Pronoun Arabic

He ھو

Those 2 males ھما

All males ھم

She ھي

Two females ھما

All females ھن

You one man انت

You two men انتما

All you men انتم

You one woman انت

You two women انتما

All you women انتن

I انا

We نحنE d u c a t i o n | P r e s e r v a t i o n | A p p l i c a t i o n 58

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Detached Pronouns

)مرفوع(ضمیر منفصلPlural جمع Dual تثنیة Singular واحدThey ھم They(2) ھما He ھو 3rd Person (Male)

They(F) ھن They(2)(F) ھما She ھي 3rd Person (Female)

You(all) انتم You(2) انتما You انت 2nd Person (Male)

You(all)(F) انتن You(2)(F) انتما You(F) انت 2nd Person (Female)

We نحن I انا 1st Person

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Past Tense Verbs

فعل ماضيPlural جمع Dual تثنیة Singular واحد

They وانصر ھم They(2) انصر ھما He helped نصر ھو 3rd Person (Male)

They(F) ن نصر ھن They(2)(F) تانصر ھما She ت نصر ھي 3rd Person (Female)

You(all) م ت نصر تم ان You(2) تمانصر ام انت You ت نصر ت ان 2nd Person (Male)

You(all)(F) ن ت نصر تن ان You(2)(F) تمانصر ام انت You(F) ت نصر ت ان 2nd Person (Female)

We نصرنا نحن I ت نصر اان 1st Person

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Past Tense Verbs

فعل ماضيPlural جمع Dual تثنیة Singular واحد

They واذكر ھم They(2) ذكرا ھما He remembered ذكر ھو 3rd Person (Male)

They(F) ن ذكر ھن They(2)(F) اذكرت ھما She ت ذكر ھي 3rd Person (Female)

You(all) تم ذكر تم ان You(2) ماذكرت ام انت You ت ذكر ت ان 2nd Person (Male)

You(all)(F) تن ذكر تن ان You(2)(F) ماذكرت ام انت You(F) ت ذكر ت ان 2nd Person (Female)

We ذكرنا نحن I ت ذكر اان 1st Person

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Past Tense Verbs

فعل ماضيPlural جمع Dual تثنیة Singular واحد

They واذھب ھم They(2) ذھبا ھما He went ذھبا ھو 3rd Person (Male)

They(F) ن ذھب ھن They(2)(F) اذھبت ھما She اذھبت ھي 3rd Person (Female)

You(all) تم ذھب تم ان You(2) ماذھبت ام انت You ماذھبت ت ان 2nd Person (Male)

You(all)(F) تن ذھب تن ان You(2)(F) ماذھبت ام انت You(F) ماذھبت ت ان 2nd Person (Female)

We ذھبنا نحن I ذھبا اان 1st Person

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Fil Maadhi (Past Tense)

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Pronoun Meaning Word

To open فتحتم To drink شربتTo be far بعدتTo play لعباTo wear لبستنTo leave خرجتماTo hit ضربوا

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The Variations of Fil MaadhiThere are 3 patterns of Fil Maadhi

ر ص ن م ر ك ع م س

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Quranic Examples عذابي لشدید إن یدنكم ولئن كفرتم ألز وإذ تأذن ربكم لئن شكرتم ان في المھد صبی�اقالوا كیف نكلم من ك أشارت إلیھ ن عبادنا آتیناه رحمة جداو عبدا م یعلم ما تفعلون علیكم كفیال إ وقد جعلتم � ن � ن أثر البما لم یبصروا بھ فق بصرت قال سول بضت قبضة م ر رتھماان الذین كفروا سواء علیھم أأنذ عض ونفخ في الصور تركنا بعضھم یومئذ یموج في ب

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Quranic Examples الذي خلق ) 1(لى كل شيء قدیر تبارك الذي بیده الملك وھو ع

یز الغفور م أحسن عمال وھو العز الموت والحیاة لیبلوكم أیك ح الذي خلق سبع سموات طباق ) 2( من ا ما ترى في خلق الر

ثم ارجع ) 3(رى من فطور من تفاوت فارجع البصر ھل ت تین ینقلب إلیك ولقد ) 4(یر البصر خاسئا وھو حس البصر كر

نیا بمصابیح اطین وأعتدنا وجعلناھا رجوما للشی زینا السماء الدبئس ھم عذاب جھنم و وللذین كفروا برب ) 5(لھم عذاب السعیر

ھیقا وھي تفورإذا ألقوا فیھا سمعوا لھا ش ) 6(المصیر E d u c a t i o n | P r e s e r v a t i o n | A p p l i c a t i o n 66

Lesson 7: Fil Mudhare (Present Tense)

Fil Mudhre is a verb that describes an event or action taking place in the present or future time frame.

He is remembering, She will help

Unlike Fil Madhi, Fil Mudhre has a base of 4 letters.

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How to make Fil Mudhare (Present Tense)

Just like Fil Madhi, Fil Mudhare also has 14 Sighas. Fil Mudhare is made by adding onethe following four

letters before the Faa Kalima.

ن ت ي اAlso known as اتین

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FaaKalima

‘AiynKalima

LaamKalima

فعل

How to make Fil Mudhare (Prefix)

Based upon the Sigha (pronoun) that is being used, one of those 4 letters will be added.

Note: Unlike Fil Madhi, Fil Mudhare requires a prefix and suffix.

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Madhi (Past) to Mudhare (Present)ذكر

(He remembered) Fil Madhi

یذكر (He is remembering/Will remember) Fil Mudhare

نصرت (She helped) Fil Madi

تنصر (She is helping/Will help) Fil Mudhare

E d u c a t i o n | P r e s e r v a t i o n | A p p l i c a t i o n 70

Fil Mudhare (Present Tense)خرجنا

(We left) Fil Madhi

نخرج (We are leaving/will leave) Fil Mudhare

فعلت (You one (M) did) Fil Madhi

تفعل (You one (M) is doing/will do) Fil MudhareE d u c a t i o n | P r e s e r v a t i o n | A p p l i c a t i o n 71

E d u c a t i o n | P r e s e r v a t i o n | A p p l i c a t i o n

Present Tense Verbs

مضارعفعل Plural جمع Dual تثنیة Singular واحد

They ن رو ینص ھم They(2) ران ینص ھما He helps ر ینص ھو 3rd Person (Male)

They(F) رن ینص ھن They(2)(F) ران تنص ھما She ر تنص ھي 3rd Person (Female)

You(all) ن رو تنص تم ان You(2) ران تنص ام انت You ر تنص ت ان 2nd Person (Male)

You(all)(F) رن تنص تن ان You(2)(F) ران تنص ام انت You(F) رین تنص ت ان 2nd Person (Female)

We ننصر نحن I ر أنص اان 1st Person

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Present Tense Verbs

مضارعفعل Plural جمع Dual تثنیة Singular واحد

They رون یذك ھم They(2) ان یذكر اھم He remembers یذكر ھو 3rd Person (Male)

They(F) رن یذك ھن They(2)(F) ان تذكر اھم She تذكر ھي 3rd Person (Female)

You(all) رون تذك تم ان You(2) ان تذكر مات ان You تذكر ت ان 2nd Person (Male)

You(all)(F) رن تذك تن ان You(2)(F) ان تذكر مات ان You(F) ین تذكر ت ان 2nd Person (Female)

We نذكر ن نح I أذكر اان 1st Person

73

E d u c a t i o n | P r e s e r v a t i o n | A p p l i c a t i o n

Present Tense Verbs

مضارعفعل Plural جمع Dual تثنیة Singular واحد

They ون یذھب ھم They(2) ان یذھب اھم He leaves یذھب ھو 3rd Person (Male)

They(F) ن یذھب ھن They(2)(F) ان تذھب اھم She تذھب ھي 3rd Person (Female)

You(all) ون تذھب تم ان You(2) ان تذھب مات ان You تذھب ت ان 2nd Person (Male)

You(all)(F) ن تذھب تن ان You(2)(F) ان تذھب مات ان You(F) ین تذھب ت ان 2nd Person (Female)

We نذھب ن نح I أذھب اان 1st Person

74

Prefix

The same sighas that have a taa in Madhi (ت)will also have it in the start of Mudhare. (8 sighas)6 of second person and ھي ھما4 sighas will have a yaa (ي)

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How to make Fil Mudhare (Suffix)

1. No suffix will be added to any of the singular Sighas.

2. An Alif (أ) and Noon (ن) will be added to all the dual Sighas.

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How to make Fil Mudhare (Suffix)

3. Waw will be added to all (ن) and Noon (و)Masculine Plural Sighas.

4. No additions will be made to the Feminine Plural Sighas.

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Suffix Prefix Fil Mudhare Fil Madhi Pronoun

No Suffix ي ینصر نصر ھوان ي ینصران نصرا ھماون ي ینصرون نصروا ھم

No Suffix ت تنصر نصرت ھيان ت تنصران نصرتا ھمان ي ینصرن نصرن ھن

No Suffix ت تنصر نصرت انت ان ت تنصران نصرتما انتماون ت تنصرون نصرتم انتمین ت تنصرین نصرت انت ان ت تنصران نصرتما انتمان ت تنصرن نصرتن انتن

No Suffix ا انصر نصرت اناNo Suffix ن ننصر نصرنا نحن

E d u c a t i o n | P r e s e r v a t i o n | A p p l i c a t i o n 78

Fil Mudhare Practiceمضارع ماضيیذكر ذكر

ذكراذكرواذكرت ذكرتاذكرن

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Fil Mudhare Practice مضارع ماضيتشكر شكرت

شكرتماشكرتم شكرت شكرتماشكرتن شكرت

نشكر شكرناE d u c a t i o n | P r e s e r v a t i o n | A p p l i c a t i o n 80

Fil Mudhare Practice مضارع ماضي ضمیر

كتبت لعبوا

تفتحین شربن ھن

تبلغان ھماكفر ذكر

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Meaning Pronoun Maadhi/Mudhare Word

كتبت كتبتن منعوامنعتم بلغت

یصبرون تجلسان نجلس یذكرن تفتحین

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Fil Mudhare in the Quran

نفسا إال وسعھانكلف ال

ن غل تجري من تح نزعنا تھم األنھار ما في صدورھم م

بال بیوت من سھولھا قصورا وتنحتون الج تتخذون

ھم جمیعا ثم نقول للذین نحشر یوم

نون فال خوف علیھم وال ھم یحز علیكم آیاتي فمن اتقى وأصلح یقصونE d u c a t i o n | P r e s e r v a t i o n | A p p l i c a t i o n 83

Fil Mudhare in the Quran ا وحزنا فالتقطھ آل فرعون لیكون لھم عدو�

ت عین لي ولك ال ت وقالت امرأت فرعون قر خذه ولدا قتلوه عسى أن ینفعنا أو نت

بطناھ لوال أن لتبدي ب كادت وأصبح فؤاد أم موسى فارغا إن على قلبھار

یھ فبصرت بھ عن جنب و ھم ال یشعرون وقالت ألختھ قص

منا علیھ المراضع من قبل فقالت ھل أد اصحون لكم وھم لھ ن لكم على أھل بیت یكفلونھ وحر

ھ كي تقر عینھا وال تحزن و حق ولك فرددناه إلى أم ال یعلمون ن أكثرھم لتعلم أن وعد �E d u c a t i o n | P r e s e r v a t i o n | A p p l i c a t i o n 84

Fil Mudhare in the Quran

جفة ف مین أصبحوا في دارھم جاث كذبوه فأخذتھم الر ساكنھم وزین وعادا وثمود وقد تبین لك ن م لھم م م

تبصرین ن السبیل وكانوا مس الشیطان أعمالھم فصدھم ع ن خلق السم ر اولئن سألتھم م لشمس اوات واألرض وسخ

فأن ى یؤفكون والقمر لیقولن � زق لمن یشاء م یبسط الر بكل ن عباده ویقدر لھ � إن �

شيء علیم E d u c a t i o n | P r e s e r v a t i o n | A p p l i c a t i o n 85

Lesson 8: Fil Amr (Command Verb)

Fil Amr is the commanding form of a verb. For example: Hit, speak, listen.

How is Fil Amr made? Fil Amr is made from the base form of Fil Mudhare.

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How to make Fil Amr There is a 3-step process to make Fil Amr.1. Remove the taa from Fil Mudhare and replace it

with an alif (أ). انصر ینصر اضرب یضرب

2. Place a Jazm on the Laam Kalima (Last letter)

3. Add a kasrah ( ◌) or ( ◌) dhumma on the alif (أ)based upon the harkah of the Aiyn Kalimah.

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How to make Fil AmrIf the Aiyn Kalimah has a fatha ( ◌) or kasrah ( ◌) the

alif (ا) will have a kasrah ( ◌). If it has a dhumma ( ◌) then the alif (ا) will also be given a dhumma ( ◌).

یذكر اذكر

یسجد اسجد

یذھب اذھبE d u c a t i o n | P r e s e r v a t i o n | A p p l i c a t i o n 88

How to make Fil Amr If the Aiyn Kalima has a shaddah ( ◌) then the process to make

Fil Amr is changed. If the faa kalima in mudhare has a harkah then, …

For example, the verbبشر has a shaddah ( ◌) on the sheen letter (Aiyn Kalimah) or نزل has a shaddah on the middle letter. There are only two steps in making Amr from here:

سلم سلم ر بشر بش

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How to make Fil Amr1. Put a kasrah on the Aiyn Kalimah2. Place a saakin on the Laam Kalimah

بشر ر بشنزل ل نز

ل لنز نزعلما تعلمان

Note: Amr only has only 6 SighasE d u c a t i o n | P r e s e r v a t i o n | A p p l i c a t i o n 90

Examples of Amr from the Quran اعبدوا ربك حتىادخلوا الجنة بما كنتم تعملوناغضض من صوتكاقرأ باسم ربكادعوا ربكم تضرعااسجدوا آلدمافتح بیني و بینھم فتحا

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Amr Examples

الفاتحین ر خی وأنت بالحق ومناق وبین بینناافتح ربناین المسرف یحب ال ھ إن تسرفواوال واشربواوكلوا رجیم فإنك منھافاخرج قالالحجر بعصاك اضرب فقلناواواتق ورابطواوصابروااصبروا � اتيمرض وابتغاء بیليس فيجھاداخرجتم كنتم إن

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Amr PracticeAmr Pronoun Maadhi/Mudhare Word

لبسوا یلبسون اغفرا تغفران غفرتما

یمنعان اذھبن ذھبتن تذھبن

ذھبت سمعناتقتل

اجلسوا جلستم تجلسون كسبتایسأل

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Negating Verb (Fil Nahi)Fil Nahi is the last type of verb that we will be learning about.

It is the negating form of a verb. For example: Do not speak! Do not eat!

How is this made? There is a 3-step process to make Fil Nahi.

Nafi is with mudhare and maadhi. By laa .(ما) and maa (ال)Nahi is direct prohibition!

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How to make Fil NahiIt is made from the 2nd person form of Mudhare: تذكر تخرجین ,تنصرون ,Add a ال before the Fil Mudhare.

Lastly drop the Noon (ن) and place a Jazm on the Laam kalimah.

ال تخرجي ,ال تنصروا, ال تذكر E d u c a t i o n | P r e s e r v a t i o n | A p p l i c a t i o n 95

Fil Nahi You two (f) will not listen ال تسمعان-

You two (F) will never hear - لن تسمعا

You two (f) never heard - لم تسمعا

You two (f) do not listen - ال تسمعاE d u c a t i o n | P r e s e r v a t i o n | A p p l i c a t i o n 96