Once a week

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'ONCE A WEEK.

~I1nsfrafth itisttIImtu

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LITERATURE, ART, SCIENCE, & POPULAR INFORMATION.

VOL U!IE III.

~ TO DECEMB:' 1860.

~"~: ::"': LONDON ~ .. ......... .. .£: ; .. w~ .. : .. / ~ .. " ~~~-'

BRADBURY & EVANS, ,11, BOUVERIE S~~~r:,/\ - !

-[TI .. RigJIl 0/ t~ JfrtWu""",,, .. OleCB .L WEllE" U ,..,.,. byll&c .d\4t1lon.l

BuT. 1. 18eO.) EVAN HARRINGTON; OK, HE WOULD BE A. GENTLEMAN. 263

EVAN HARRINGTON; OR, HE WOULD BE A GENTLEMAN. BY GmBO. :MDJIDITlL

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CIUl"1'BR XXXVIII. IN WHICH WB HAVE TO SEE IN THE DARK.

So ends the fourth act of our comedy. After all her heroism and extraordinary efforts,

after, as abe feared, offending Providen~ter facing tailordom-the Counteaa was rolled away in

,I a dingy fiy: unrewarded e\ en by a penny, for

l'i what she had gone through. For sbe poeseased

!I eminently the practical nature of her sex; and thougb she would have scorned, and would have declined to handle coin so -baae, ita absence was upbraidingly mentioned in her spiritual outoriea.

I I

Not a penny. Nor was there, as in the miseries of retreat, she

affected inditrerently to imagine, a duke fished out of the ruins of her enterprise, to wash the mud off her JI&rtlIents and edge them with railiance. Caro· line, it became clear to ber, had been iufected by Evan's folly. Caroline, abe subsequently learnt,

bad likewise been a fool . lnatead of marvelling at the genius that had done so much in spite of the pair of fools that were the right and left wing of her battle array, the simple-minded lady wept. She wanted SIICcess, not genius. Admiration she was ever ready to forfeit for success.

N or did ahe say to the tailors of eartb : .. Wecp ye for I sought to emancipate you from opprobrium by making one of you a gentleman; I fought for a great principle and have failed." Heroic to the end, she herself shed aU the tears ; took all the sorrow!

Where was consolation 1 Would any Protestant clergyman administer comfort to ber ? Could he? -might he do so! He might listen, and quote texts; but he would demand the harsh rude English for everything : and the (;ounteaa's con· fessiono1 thoughts were 011 inuendoish, allrial; too delicate to I,ve in our shameless tongue. Confea· sion by implication, and. absolution; abe could

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ONCE A WEEK. [8..,.. 1, l8GO.

II know this to be what she wished for, and yet not I preciate the merita of Mr. Goren·s balance was think it. She could see a haven of peace in that hardly to be expected at present: the world did I : picture of the little brown box with the aleekly not, and Mr. Goren blamed no young ma.n for hia reverend figure bending his ear to the kneeling ignorance. Still a proper attendance wu requi- 'I!~ beauty outside, thrice ravishing u she half·lifta Bite. Mr. Goren thonght it very singular that the 'l"ei1 of her sine and her visage I-yet she young Mr. Harrington shonld demand all the started alarmed to hear it whispered that the fair h01l1'll of the day for his own purposea,-up to halfpenitent wu the Countess de Saldar: urgently she past four. He found it difficult to speak to him as I' prayed that no diagraeefu1 brother might ever drive a master, and begged that MI'II. Harrington would. her to that I u a mother. I!

Never let it be a Catholic priest !-ahe almost The reply of Mrs. Mel is duhed with a trifle of fuhloned her petition into words. Who Wall to cajolery. She haa heard from her aon, and seeing II, save her! Alu I alu I in her dire distress-in that her aon takes all that time from hia right her sense of miserable pennileaneaa, she clung to .tud~. to earn money wherewith to pay debts of I Mr. John Raikes, of the eurricle, the myateri- which Mr. Goren is cognisant, ahe truata that : I ously rich young gentleman; and on that picture their oldest friend will overlook it. 1 ; with Andrew roguishly contemplating it, and Mr. Goren rejoins that be consideI'll that he Evan, with feelings regarding hia sister that he need not have been excluded from young Mr. \' I,'

liked not to own, the curtain commiseratingly Harrington's confidence. Moreover, it is a grief drops. to him that the young genticmnn should refrain

AI in the co1l1'lle of a stream you come upon certain dips, where, but here and there, a sparkle or a gloom of the full, flowing water is caught through deepening foliage, ao the history that concerns us wandCl'll out of day for a time, and we must violate the post and open written leaves to mark the turns it takes.

First we have a letter from Mr. Goren to Mrs. Mel. to inform her that her aolt has arrived and paid his respects to hia future instmctor in the branch of science practised by Mr. Goren.

"He hall arrived at km," says the worthy tradesman. .. Bis appearance in the shop will be highly gentlemanly, and when he looks a little more plealling. and grows fond of it. nothing will be left to be deBired. The ladies, his sisters, have not thought proper to call. I had hopes of the custom of Mr. Andrew CoggIesby. Of course you wish him to learn tailoring thoroughly t ..

Mrs. Mel writee back, thanking Mr. Goren, and saying that she had shown the letter to inquiring creditors, and that she does woo her aon to learn his buBineu from the root. This produces a second letter from Mr. Goren, which imparts to her that at the root of the tree of tailoring the novitiate must Bit no 1_ than Bix h01l1'll a-day with his legs erOBBed and doubled under him, cheerfully plying needle and thread; and that, without this probation, to undergo which the aon resolutely objects, all hope of hia climbing to the top of the lofty tree, and viewing mankind from an eminence, must be aurrendered.

co If you do not imi8t, my dear Mrs. Harrington, I tell you candidly, your aon may have a shop, but he will be flO tailor."

Mrs. Mel undeI'lltands her aon and his state of mind well enough not to inBist, and is resigned to the melancholy consequence.

Then Mr. Goren discovers an extraordinary resemblance between Evan and hia father: reo marking merely that the youth is not the gentleman hia father Wall in a shop, while he admita that, had it been conjoined to buBineaa habita, he should have envied his departed friend.

He hall soon aomething fresh to tell: and it is that young Mr. Harrington ia treating him cavalierly. That he should penetrate the idea or ap·

from accepting any of h:s suggestions as to the propriety of req nesting 6011U? at least, of hia rich I! and titled acquaintance to confer on him the favour ,I of their patronage .

.. Which they would not repent," adds Mr. ' Goren, co and might learn to be very mnch obliged : I to him for, in return for kindnessea extended to ! : him." t'

Notwithstanding all my efforts, you see, the poor boy is thrust into the shop. There he is, without a doubt. He sleeps under Mr. Goren's i i roof: he (since one cannot be too positive in citing i, I the punishment of such a Pagan) stands behind a counter: ho (and, oil! choke, young loves, that I

have hovered around him! shrink from him in natural horror, gentle ladies! ) handles the shears. II It is not my fanlt. He would be a Pagan. i'

If you can think him human enough still to care i, to know ho~ he feels it, I must tell you that he ' ; feels it hardly at all After a big blow, a very little one scarcely counts. What are outward forma and social ignominies to him whose heart , , baa been struck to the dust! His gods have II fonght for him, and there he is ! He deserves no '

pity. I!I, But he does not ask it of you, the callous P ....

gan! Despise him, if yon pleue, and rank with the Countess, who despises him mOlt heartily.

Dipping furtber into the secreta of the post, we discover a brisk correspondence between Juliana Bonner and Mrs. Strike .

.. A thousand thanks to you, my dear Miss Bonner," writee the latter lady. co The unaffected interest you take in my brother touchea me deeply. I 1:no," him to be worthy of your good opinion. Yes, I will open my heart to you, dearest J uti ana ; and it shall, u you wish, be quite 8tCIYt between U8. Not to a aoul !

.. He is quite alone. My sisters Harriet and Louisa will not Bee him, and I can only do ao by stealth. His odd little friend sometimes drives me out on Sundays, to a place where I meet him ; anel the Duke of Belfield kindly lends me his carriage. Oh, that we might never part ! I am only happy with him !

"Ah, do not doubt him, Juliana, for anything he does I You say, that now ~!~t bu ob-

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I~==================-=-=-==---=====~~-======= BuT. 1. 1180.] EVAN HARRINGTON; OR, BE WOULD BE A GENTLEMAN. 255

tained for him the Secretaryship to my husband's ~ than your brother! I am twenty-three. Pray, Company, he should not stoop to that otber thiDg, : when yon write, tell me if he is older than that. and you do not undel'Btand why •. I will tell you. I But should I not be & dreadful burden to you? Our poor father died in debt, and Evan receives Sometimes I have to keep to my chamber whole money which enables him by degrees to liquidate days and day.. When that happens now, 1 think theae debt&, on condition that he consentl to be ' of yon entirely. See how I ollen my heart to gou I what 1 di.like &I much &I you can. He bears it; : Yon .ay that YOll do to me. I wish I could you can have no idea of biB pride! He iI too ' really think it." prond to own to himself that it debaaes him-too I A poatlcript begs Caroline "not to forget about prond to complain. It iI a tangle-a net that , eM ag~IJ." drags him down to it: but whatever he iI out. I In thia faahion the two ladies open their hearts, wardly, he iI the noblest human being in the I and contrive to read one another perfectly in their world to me, and but for him, Ok! ",hat IJ/wuld 1 mutual hypocrisies. be! Let me beg YOll to forgive it, if you can. Some letters bearing the lignatures of Mr. John lfy darling baa no friends. Is biB temper &llWeet Raikes, and Mill Polly Wheedle, likewiae p8.8B. 88 ever? I can answer that. YeI, only he iI , Polly inquires for detailed accountl of the health ailent, and looks-when you look into biB ey_ ' and doing. of Mr. Harrington. Jack replies with colder, as men look when they will not bear much II full particulars of hil own proceedings, and mild from other men. correction of her grammar. It is to be noted that

.. He baa not mentioned her name. I am /JUre ' Polly groWl much humbler to him on paper, which she hal not written. being iutantly pe.-ceived by the merourial one,

.. Pity him, and pray for him." hiB careaaing condescension to her is very beau-Juliana then makes a communication, which tiful. She iB taunted with Mr. Nicholaa Frim, and

draWl forth the following :- answers, after the lapae of a week, that the aforesaid .. Mistress of all the Beckley property-deareat, can be 1\othing to her, &I he "went in & p8.8Bion

dearest, Juliana! Oh! how sincerely I congratu- to church last Sunday and got married." It late yon! The black on the letter alarmed me so, i appears that they had quarrelled, .. because I

i I I could hardly open it, my fingers trembled so; for danced with you that night." To thia Mr.

I ' I esteem you all at Beckley; but when I had Raikes rejoins in a style that would be signified opened and read it, I W&l recompensed. You say by •• ahem!" in language, and an arrangement

I yoU'" are sorry for Rose. But surely what your of the shirt collar before the looking-glllBB, in , grandmama hal done iI quite right. It iI jUBt, in action.

every sense. But why am I not to tell Evan! I II am certain it would make him very happy, and CHAPTKR XXXIX. IN THB DOHAIN OF TAlLORDOH.

happiness of any kind he needs so much! I will THBRs W&l peace in Mr. Goren's shop. Badobey you, of course, but I cannot see why. Do gered miJliltera, bankrupt merchantl. diplomatiBtI "you know, my dear child, you are extremely mya· I with a headache-any of our modern grandees terioua, and puzzle me. Evan takes & pl_nre in I under diffioulties, might have envied that peace speaking of YOIL You and Lady Jocelyn are hiB , over which Mr. Goren presided: and he W&l an great themes. Why iB he to be !tept ignorant of enviable man. He loved hill craft, he believed your good fortune? The spitting of blood iI bad. tbat he had not succeeded the millions of anteceYou fl&U/lt winter in a warm climate. I do think dent tailors in vain ; and, excepting that trifiing that London iB far better for you in the late au- coquetry.with ahirt.fronts, viz., the rcd Cl'OIIIeII,

tnmn than Hampshire. May I &lk my silter which a shrewd rival had very BOOn eclipsed by Harriet to invite you to reside with her for some I representingnympba triangularly posed, he devoted weeb! Nothing, I know, would give her greater hiinaelf to hiB business from morning to night, 88 pleasure. .. rigid in demanding respect from those beneath

Juliana &D8wers this- I him, &I he was profuse in lavishing it on biB .. If you love me-I sometimes hope that you do : patrons. Ria publio boaat was, that he owed no

-but the feeling of being loved iI so strange to man a farthing: hiB secret comfort, that he pos. me that I can only believe it at tim_but, Caro· , _ed two thousand pounds in the funds. But line-there, I have mustered up courage to call : Mr. Goren did not stop here. Behind these uteryou by yonr Christian name at last-Oh, dear I' nal oharacteristics he nUl'Bed a paasion. Evan W&l Caroline! if you do love me, do not tell Mr. Har· astonished and pleMed to find in him an enthusi· rington. I go on my knees to you to beg you not &ltio fern-collector. Not that Mr. Harrington to tell him a word. I have no reaaona indeed- I shared the p8.8Bion, but tho light of those brown not any; but I implore you apia never even to I rootl spread ont, ticketed, on the stained paper, /lint that I am any thing but the person he knew after supper, when the sbutters were up and the at Beckley. I house defended from the hostile outer world; the

.. Rose h&l gone to Elbnrne House, where Fer- old man poring over them, and naming tllia a.nd dinand, her frimd, is to meet her. She rides and I that spot where, during hiBsolitary Saturday aftersing. the same, and li:eqM all/ler colour. noon and Sunday excursions, he had lighted on

.. She may not, &I you imagine, have much sen· the rare samples exhibited: thia contraat of the IIibility. Perhaps not enough. I am afraid that I quiet evening with the so1'did day humaniaed Mr. Rose iI turning into a very worldly woman! I Goren to him. He began to soo & spirit in the

.. All to what you kindly say about inviting me rigid tradesman not 80 utterly diaaimilar to biB to London, I should like it, and I am my own I own, and he fanoied that he, too, had a taate for miatreaa. Do you know, I think I am older I fern.. Round Beckley h~they abpunded I '

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ONCE A WEEK. [Sur. 1. 1880.

He told Mr. Goren 10, and Mr. Goren said : wall human like the real; of 1lII, but' Caroline cried, "Some day we'll jog down there together, as with unwonted vivacity :

the laying goes. " " Yea, yea, I know; but I thought only of you. Mr. Goren spoke of it as an ordinary event, I have such news for you I You will and muat

likely to happen in the days to come: Dot aa an pardon my coming-that's my first thought. aeDBi. incident the mere mention of which aa being pro- tive darling that you are I " She kiaaed him fondly. hable, stopped the breath and made the pu1aea "Juliana BoDDer is in town, staying with us ! " llap. ' "Ie that your news!" asked Evan, preeaing

For DOW Evan's ~uca on taught him. to feel her against his breast. that he waa at his 10 lilt degree. Never now "No, dear love-but atiIll You have no idea could ROlle stoop to ' • He carried the shop on what her fortune-Mrs. Bonner haa died aud left his back. She laW the brand of it on bis fore- h_but I mustn't tell you. Oh, my darling! head. Well! and what was ROlle to him, beyond how she admires you I She-ahe could recom-a bliaaful memory, a star that he had once touched? pense you; if yon would ! We will put that by, Self-love kept him strong by day, but in the dark- for the present. Dear I the Duke baa begged you, nesa of night came his misery: wakening from ten- through me, to accept-l think it'. to be a IOrt der dreams, he would find his heart aiDking DDder of bailiff to hil estatea-I don't know rightly. I! a horrible preaaure, and then the fair fresh face of It'. a very honourable poet, that gentlemen take: Rose .wam over him ; the hours of Beckley were and the income you are to have, Evan, will be near revived; with intolerable anguish he law that she a thouaand a-year. Now, what do I deaerve for !I waa blamel_that he alone waa to blame. Yet my neWi ! " . , worse was it when his closed eye-lid. refused to She put up her mouth for another kiaa, out of I conjure up the sorrowful lovely nightmare, and breath. he lay like one in a trance, entombed-wretched .. True!" looked Evan'. eyes. I Pagan I feeling all that had been blindl1: when .. True'" ahe said, amiliDg, and feasting on his the Paat lay beside him like a corpse that he had bewilderment. ' alain. After the bubbling in his brain had a littleaub- I,,':

These nightly torments helped him to brave sided, Evan breathed aa a man on whom fresh air what the morning brought. Insensibly alao, aa is blown. Were not these tidings of re1eaae! Time hardened his sufferings, Evan aaked himlelf His ridiculotlll pride must nevertbelesa inquire I what the sbame of his position conlisted in. He whether Caroline had been begging this for him. grew stiff·necked. His Pagan virtues lltood up .. No, dear--indeed I" Caroline aaeerted with one by one to BUppOrt him. Andrew, courage- more than natural vehemence. .. It'll something oualy evading the interdict that forbade him to that you youraelf have done that haa I,l_d him. visit Evan, wonld meet him by appointment at I don't know what. Only he says, he believes City taven'8, and flatly offered him a place in the you at'8 a man to be trusted with the keya of anybrewery. Evan declined it, on the pretext that, thiDg--and BO you are. You are to call on him having received old Tom'B money for the year, he to-morrow? Will you?" must at least work out that term according to the While Evan waa replying, her face became conditions. Andrew fumed and meered at Tailor- white. She had heard the Major'. voice in the dom. Evan laid that there WAIl peace in Mr. shop. His military step advanced, and Caroline, Goren'lI shop. His sharp leDaell discerned in exclaiming" Don't let me Bee him I" bustled to Andrew'lI meer a certain sincerity, and he reo a door. Evan nodded, and she slipped through. volted against it. Mr. John Raikes, too, bur- The next moment he waa facing the stiff marine. Jeaqued society so well, that he had tbe aatiafac- "Well, young man," the Major commenced, tion of laughing at his enemy occaaionally. The and. seating himself, added, "be seated. I want latter gentleman waa still a ltenlioner, flying about to talk to you seriously, sir. You didn't think fit town with the Counteae de Baldar, in deadly fear to wait till T had done with the Directors to-day. lest that faecinating lady Bhould discover the seat You're deviliahly out in your discipline, whatever of his fortune; happy, notwithstanding. In the you are at two and two. I 11I1'p08e there'l no mirror of Evan's little worM, he beheld the great fear of being mtruded on here! None of your one from which he waa banished. acquaintances likely to be introducing themselves

Now the dUBk of a winter's afternoon waa c1011- to me !" ing over London, when a carriage drew up in front .. ']'here is not one that I would introduce to of Mr. Goren's Bholl, out of which, to Mr. Goren'lI you," said Evan. chagrin, a lady stepped, with her veil down. The The Major nodded a brief recognition of the lady entered, and laid that ahe wiBhed to apeak compliment, and then, throwing his back against to Mr. Harrington. Mr. Goren made way for her the chair, fired out: "Come, air, is this your to hiB pupil; and was amazed to Bee her fall into doing!" his arm, and hardly gratified to hear her lay : In military phraae, Evan now changed front . .. Pardon me, darling, for coming to you in this His firat thought had been that tbe Major had place." come for his wife. He perceived that he himself

Evan aaked pjlrmilBion to occupy the parlour. waa the Bpecial object of the visitation. "My place," said Mr. Goren, with humble .. I must aak you what you allude to," he

severity, over hi' spectacle', .. is very poor. Such anawered. aa it is, it is at the latly'B service." "You are not at your office, but you will

Alone together, Evan waa abont to ease his own , apeak to me All if there were some distinction feelings by remarking to the effect that Mr. Goren I between 1lII, " said the Major. ":DIY havin ~ed

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!I II BUT. I, H6o.J EVAN HARRINGTON; OR, HE WOULD BE A GENTLEMAN. 257

il your lister does Dot reduce me to the ranks, I !servant, and when he questioned me as to the hope." JlOIIition of the Company, I told him what I

The Major drummed his knuckles on the table, thought, just as I bad told you." after this impresaive delivery. .. You told him we were jobbers and swindlers,

" Hem !" he resumed. .. Now, sir, understand, sir!" . before y"u speak a word, that I can see throllgh .. The Duke inquired of me whether I would,

" any number of infernal lies. I see that you're under the circumstances, while proceedings were III prepared for prevarication. By George! it shall going on which I did not approve of, take the

come out of you, if I get it by main force. The responsibility of allowing my name to remain-" I Duke compelled me to give you that appointment co Ha! ha! ha!" the Major burst out: This I in my Company. Now, sir, did YOII, or did you was too good a joke. The name of a miserable

II not, go to him and deliberately state to him that young tailor !-" Go on, sir, go on!" He 8wal· you believed the affairs of the Company to be in lowed his laughter like oil on his rage.

,I a bad condition-infamously handled, likely to .. I have said sufficient."

,: I involve his honour as a gentleman 1 I ask you, Jumping up, the Major swore by the Lord, air, did you do this, or did you not do it ! " that he had said sufficient.

I, Evan waited till the sharp rattle of the Major's .. Now, look you here, yonng man." He : l close had quieted. squared his figure before Evan, eyeing him under

j'l "If I am to answer the wording of your state- a hard frown, .. You have been playing your game

ment, I may say that I did not." again, as you did down at that place in Hamp • .. V cry good; very good; that will do. Are shire. I heard of it-deserved to be shot, by

" II you aware that the Duke has sent in his resigna. Heaven! You think you have got hold of the

tion 88 a Director of our Company 1" Dllke, and you throw me over. You imagine, I .. I hear of it first from you." dare 88Y, that I will allow my wife to be talked

, ' .. Confound your familiarity! .. cried the about to further your interesta--you self-seeking irritable officer, rising. .. Am I always to be told young dog! As long as he lent the Company his that I married yonr 8ister t Addreaa me, sir, 88 name, J permitted a great many things. Do you becomes your duty." think me a blind idiot, sir t But now she must

Evan heard the worda .. beggarly tailor" learn to be satisfied with people who've got no mumbled: .. out of the gutters," and .. cursed titles, or carriages, and who can't give hundred connection." He stood in the attitude of atten· guinea compliments. You're all of a piec-a set

I, tion, while the Major continued: of .••. " , .. Now, young man, listen to these facts. You The Major paused, for half a word was on his

came to me this day last week, and complained mouth which had drawn lightning to Evan's eyes.

"

that you did not comprehend some of our trans· Not to be baftled, he added: .. But look you, actions and affairs. I explained them to your sir. I may be ruined. I dare say the Company damned stupidity. You went away. Three days will go to the dogs-every ass will follow a duke. after that, YOIl had an interview with the Duke. But, mark : this goes on no more. I will be no Stop, sir! What the devil do you mean by daring woman's cully. Mind, sir, I take excellent care to speak while I am speaking? You saw the that you don't traffic in your sister! .. Duke, I say. Now, what took place at that inter· The Major delivered this culminating remark view? with a well-timed detlection of his forefinger, and

The Major tried to tower over Evan powerfully, slightly turned aside when he had done. as he put this query. They were of a common You might have seen Evan's figure rocking, height, and to do 80 he had to rise on his toes, 80 as he stood with his eyes steadily levelled on his that the effect was but momentary. sister's husband.

" I think I am not bound to reply," saicl Evan. The Major who, whatever he was, was p)lyai. "Very well, sir i that will do." The Major's cally no coward, did not fail to interpret the look,

fingers were evidently itching for an absent and challenge it. rattan. "Confeas it or not, you are dismissed Evan walked to the door, opened it, and said, from your post. Do you hear 1 You are kicked between his teeth, .. You must go at once." in the street. A beggarly tailor you were born, .. Eb, sir, eh! what's this!" exclAimed the and a beggarly tailor you will die." warrior: but the door was open, Mr. Goren was

.. I must beg you to stop, now," said Evan. .. I in the shop; the scandal of an assault in such a told you tbat I was not bound to reply: but I house, and the consequent JlOasibility of his matriwill. If YOIl will sit down, Major Strike, you shall monial alliance becoming br'lited in the news· hear what you wish to know." papers, held his arm after it had given an involun·

This being presently complied with, though not tary jerk. He marched through with becuming before a glare of the Major's eyes had shown his dignity, and marched out into the street; and if douht whether it might not be construed into necks unelastic and beads erect may be taken as insolence, Evan pursued: the sign of a proud BOul and of nobility of mind,

.. I came to YOII and informed you that I eould my artist h88 the Major for his model. not reconcile the cash-accounts of the Company, Evan displayed no such a presence. He reo and that certain of tbe later proceedings appeared turned to the little parlonr, shut and locked the to me to jeopardise its prosperity. Your ex plana- door to the shop, and forgetting that one was near, tiona did not satisfy me. I admit that you sat down, covered his eyes, and gave way to a fit enjoined me to be silent. But the Duke, as a of tearleas sobbing. With,}U!e foot in the room Director, had as strong a right to claim me as his Caroline hung w~~1'50~~ that she

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258 ONCE A WEEK. [SlIPI'. 1, l88II.

had never known wrung her nervea. Ria whole manhood _med to be shaken, as if by regular pulsations of intenll8Bt miaery. She stood in awe of the sight till her limbs failed her, and then ltaggering to him she fell on her Jmees. clasping his, passionately kissing them.

(To 6t COIIliR""'")

TELEGRAPH REPORTING TN CANADA AND UNITElJ STATES.

IT ia not surprising that an agent so U88ful as electricity should, at an early period of its application to telegraphio purposes, have been forced into requisition by the condncto;rs of newspapers. "The ordinary ohannels of inlorm· ation," as it ia the cuatom in another place to term the newspapers, would., without the aid of the electrio telegraph, present a very different ap· pearance from that which they do at present. Elec. trioity has, in fact, done for the press of our day what the art of printingaccompliahedfor knowledge in the middle ages.

The Agency of the electrio telegraph was lirst employed in a regular and systematio manner by the newspaper press on the other side of the Atlantio. Ever on the look out for means of saving time or labour, the utute Americans saw when the first line of telegraph was erected between Washington and Baltimore, what facilities the new system would afFord for the oollection and transmiaBion of news, an(l. they at once set to work to diaoover some mode by which they might ohtain the maximum amount of information for a minimum charge. To accompliah this task a vast amount of ingenuity was diaplayed, and some of the bitterest controversies which have diatraoted the Union have been those which have been carried on between "the gentlemen of the press .. and the managers of the various telegraphic lines in the United States.

Persons of sanguine diaposition, who believe that every great diacovery in science ia always made in the interest of peace, will be diaappointed to find what an important part the electric telegraph has played in connection with war; and it ia somewhat cnrious that the earliest news conveyed by telegraph to the preBS of America was the launch of a IIloop of war at the Brooklyn Yard., and that the first regular organisation for the purpoee of telegraph reporting was formed for obtaining news of the progreu of the war in Mexico. A daily horse-expres8 was rnn between Mobile and Montgomery, a diatance of 200 miles, in order to anticipate the arrival of the mall, and forward the newl by telegraph to New York and other places. In 1847 the complete and efficient organiaation of what ia termed the "AB80ciated Press of New York" was established, with II telegraph reporters" and agents in every important city or port in the United States, 88 well 88 in Canadp., England, and other countries. The charge for sending messages by telegraph W88 at first much higher than ill at present the case, and the great object of the 8II8OCiated reporters was to deviae some means of getting as much as possible for their money from the telegraph companies. As the result of much anxious deliberation and fore-

thought, they at length prepared a complete llyatem of ahort-hand or cipher which, while it was per. fectly unintelligible to the clerks of the telegraph, was, when translated by those poueBBing the key, found to poBBeB8 remarkably elastic propertiee. A message of ten cipher worde would expand to fifty or sixty, or even a hundred, when translated. Some of the words sent were of enormous length, and made up of syllablee, each of which had • hidden meaning, and when in combination defied all ~e dictiouariell of the civiliaed world. There came, however, a limit to human endurance on the part of the managers of the telegraphs, and they ol-dered that no word sent by the AB80ciated Press should contain more than five letters, that the letters in every meuage should be counted, and the whole divided by five for the number of words. and charged accordingly. The new society did not rest content with protesting against the tyranny of " Fog Smith," 88 they nick· named the manager of the New York and Boaton line, but they ransacked the dictionaries for the pnrpose of finding a 8ufficient number of words of five letters to serve the purpose of a new cipher system, and some thou8&Dds of short words were very IIpeedily selected, and were sent over the line, pollBelBed of even greater expanding powers than those under the former syatem.

From the many thousands of cipher 'Words which were adopted we will extract afew, in order to convey an idea of the system as adopted by the .. telegraph reporters." It was required to send to different parts of the Union the particulars respect. ing the fiour or wheat markets. The lirst word of the meuage which would be sent commencing with a consonant wolllcl express the "condition" , of the market; the eeoond word beginning with a different oonsonant would indicate the "price," while a third word which began with a vowel would tell the .. quantity sold." Every word sent had, of course, its diatinctive meaning attached to it; thus .. babe" signified .. westem ia firm with moderate demand for home trade and ex· port ; .... back" told that .. the market ia a shade firmer, but that owing to absence of private advices. buyers and sellers do not meet; ;" for "bake" we read "markets dull; b~ do not enter freely at the higher rates demanded;" .. bacon" was "dull, but if anything a ahade firmer," and "basin" meant .. there ia a speculative demand at better pricee." The prices were required., and for thelle worde commencing with the letter "C .. were used. Thus" camp" stood for "'18, "car" 5'75, "carp" 0'31. meaning, of course, dollars and cents, and when it was required to add half cents to the quotation, the letters lied" were added, so that "camp ed" was made to stand for 5'l8~, and 10 on. The qllantitiee of com or fiour sold were stated by words commencing with the letter "A," as abaft, abU88, above, abash, abate, abide, and others, each of which had its correlative numbers assigned to it in the system. One instance will suffice to ahow how rapidly these cipher meuagea expanded when translated. A meuage of nine words, .. bad, came, aft, keen, dark, ache, lain, fault, adopt," told the following interesting facts: .. Flour market for common and fo.irb~estern ia

Digitized b\iUV'V'(5L'-

s.rr. 1. 1880.) TELEGRAPH REPORTING IN CANADA AND U. S. 259

lower. with moderate demand for home trade and and public career. In this country Lord Brougham. expon. Sales 8000 barrels. Genesee at $5'12. and more recently the Duke of Buckingham. have Wheat prime in fair demand, market firm, common llad the privilege of reading their memoirs under description dull, with a downward tendency j circumatances similar to those of senator Davis. sales, ~ bushels at $1'10. Corn, foreign news It is, however, in connection with the foreign 1lD88ttled the market j no wes of importance news that thl! most strenuous exertions and made. The only sale made was 2500 bushels at greatest activity is displayed by fohe telegraph 67 c.," or a total of sixty-eight words. .. Fog reporters of America. They have fast' sailing Smith" once more issued his edict, and decided yachts, which put out to 88& to meet the European fohat no ~h word should be spelt with more steamers, hoard them, carry oft' the heads of the i;han three letters, but by this time there were com· latest news, and speedily transmit the latest peting lines of telegraph in existence, and the able intelligence over the continent. Among the manager .. locked the door after the steed was earliest of these attempts, Willi the obtaining and 1Itolen." transmission of the ne.ws taken out by the Europa.

On the extension of the telegraph aystem, The foreign news by that ship Willi forwarded , arrangemente were made for sending repo\'ts of from New York at ten . minutes past eight in the

the proceedingll in Congress, and for this a more morning, recsived at New Orleans, two thousand 1 comprehensive and ingenious system of ciphers was miles distant, by the telegraph lines, and hung up

adopted, but founded upon the same principle as in the Merchants' Exchange by nine o'clock on that employed for commercial news, and an the same morning. The mode adopted was to

1 immeue number of congressional phrases and direct the agent of the A880Ciated Press at Liverforms of speech were represented by their par- pool to prepare a synopsis of commercial news up ticular cipher. Thus" bacon" was equivalent to to the latest moment of departure of the steamer, eaying that .. a report· was brought up from the in such a form as to be ready for transmission the Committee on Agriculture j" and .. bawl" that moment the .teamer reached New York. Some .. an interesting debate followed, in which several "news boatmen" were ordered to cruise in the II honourable _tors took part. " The f&et of a harbour and watch for the steamer j and as loon report being brought up from the committee on as she came up to quarantine, the bag of news military affairs, was represented by the word was handed to one of the boatmen, who imme"bad," and the word "' bribe" signified that a Bill diately made all possible speed with oar and aa.ils to reduce and graduate the price of public lands to the city, and then to the telegraph office, with

1 was taken up and discussed j in fact, almost every the prepared message_ By this means the variety of judicial, diplomatic, and executive news is not unfrequently received at New York phrase was provided for in a voluminous and alpha- some time before the steamer is alongside the betically arranged code of ciphers. When the quay. On one occasion great anxiety was felt acrap of news was received from Congress, the respecting the safety of the Atlantic, one of the cipher words were not only translated into their American line of postal steamers. News· was legitimate meaning, but they were very largely brought by the Africa, that the Atlantic W&l safe, amplified, being treated in many cases .. a clergy- and the pleasing intelligence was known in all man would deal with a small text for his sermon. parts of the country long before the ship that Some occasional pUstakes have occurred by this brought the Dews had come to her moorings. practice, which have been ludicrous, and sometimes The intensity of delight with which the news was highly inconvenient. On one occasion when a received is thus described by Mr. Jones, on!l of measure was under discuasion, the telegram stated the earliest members of the Associated Press. He that a certain Whig orator addressed the senate, says :-" At l&llt the news came. It was read but the wires of the telegraph being interrupted, aloud to them-' The Atlantic if /late !'-when DO portion of the speech came to hand. The there arose loud and enthusiastic shouts of joy. recipienta of the message considered what were It flew from mouth to mouth, from one extremity the probable objections which a Whig would have of the city to the other, along the shipping, to the Bill in question, and a very violent speech among the ship.yards and ship. builders, among against it was duly printed the next morning. those who had worked on the missing vessel. It Unfortunately the honourable senator had spoken I ftew abroad to the suburban towns. It became a and voted in ex&etly the opposite direction. On theme of exultation at the hotel8 and theatres. ano~er occasion the want of due attention to the In some of the latter the managers came on the cipher word caused a serious mistake. Among boards and announced to their auditors, 'The the words which were adopted in the system was Atlantic if 8a/e/' which was followed. by the II dead." Ita equivalent was, "after some days' rising of the whole audience to their feet, and absence from indisposition, the honourable gentle- giving the most deafening .and enthusiastic ap· man reappeared in his 88&t." Now it happened plauae. In our whole experience in telegraph that the venerable l8U&tor John Davis had been reporting we recollect no instance in which a unwell,andhadagaintakenhisplaceinthesen&te, piece of news gave such universal delight. No and the telegram seRt was .. John Davis dead." battle ever won in Mexico diffused greater satisThe worda of the message were not tranalsted but faction in New York than the safety of the noble adopted literally j and immediately the sad event was ship Atlantic." communicated all over the Union of the death of These endeavours to anticipate by the telegraph Davis, who, on the following day, had th~ privilege the receipt of news by the ordinary means are not, Touchsafed to but few persons, of learning what however, confined merely to the neighbourhood of was the opinion of posterity upon his private life New York and Boston. A fast-sailing yacht has

=====-==--=------'--'=-":::--=-""'::"":":=----':=-=='-'-=-==========1 : 260 ONCE A WEEK. [San. I, lSdO. I;

II the political principles of the government at Wash- I, ington are c:uTied safely along the 81ender wirea to all parts of the country. On the 88me day as I,! that of ita delivery, the mell88ge at Washington. hae been placed -on board the steam.ere Btarting ! ,

for Europe from New York or Boeton. Speechea of I i. lOme great American orator on the Kaneae question, or the appropriation of lOme plot of wll8te ,I land in the Far Weat-and in which are included r diuertations on the creation of the world, the II Deluge, the origin of evil, the decline of the II nationa of antiquity, the marvellOUl growth and 1!1 development of the American people, lOme very " tall" complimenta to the "Eagle" and the " Star Spangled Banuer; " and glowing propheciea of the destiny of the great republi~travel88 easily : ! along the ei.lent highway of the electric lI.uid to the ' ' newapaper·officee of New York and Bolton, .. the !!, prices of bread-atull"s. The ragged urchine of New York who vend the daily papere at ·two oenta, II are aiding in carrying out that which COngrM8, reporting in favour of the first telegraph line con- I! atructed in America, said, "From a feeling of religious reTerence the human mind bad hardly I,: dared to contemplate." E. YcDBBIIOTr.

, JAPANESE FRAGMENTS.

recently been provided, which is stationed near Cape Race on Newfoundland, for the purpose of intercepting the ships in the Atlantic and obtaining from them the highly.prized "latest news." The 8teamere crouing from England or Ireland makc Cur Cape Race, and when they approach the cape, they run upaaignal or fire a gun to attract attention. The lIeWlmetl are on the alert, and start off with the yacht to the large steamer. A tin canister or box made water·tight, and to which a lI.ag is fixed which can be Been at conaiderable diatance when in the water, is thrown overboard, and thie containe the latest news made up at Liverpool or Galway. The yachtsmen make for the emall Sag, pick up the box, and make all 8peed to St. John' .. Newfoundland, from which place the news is immediately telegraphed to all parte of Canada and to the United Statee, a diatance of more than a thoaeandmiles. The news is carried acroBSa country great part of which is little more than a lavage wildern_. over lofty hille, deep 8wampe, and almOll; impenetrable woods. It pa88e8 by sub· marine telegraph from Newfoundland to the American continent, over a portion of the linea to Nova Scotia and New Brunewick, and thence to Portland, state of Maine, where the American BYstem of telegraphs commences. The news from Europe thus precedes the arrival of the sfieamere b,. several days. BY CAPTAIN SHBRUD 08lI011.1'1, B.N. ~

1\ When the Whig Convention met in Philadelphia CIL\PTBB V.

I: in 1848, great anxiety W88 felt 88 to the result of the TIm execution of the disobedient Christian proceedings in the nomination for the l'reaidency, prieeta and the death of Taiko-aama, followed, as thechanceslyingbetweenGeneralTaylor,Mr.Soott, we have already said, close upon each other. The General Scott, and Judge Y'Lean. AI the tele- new emperor, beset with difficultiee, paueed for a graph &ero88 the HudlOn river W88 not completed, while in the prosecution of his pred~r·. views , I a mode W88 devised of supplying the deficiency by agaiDBt the Portuguese and Spaniards, although it meana of a system of coloured 1I.aga, which were to appears that the Datives of the country who had be displayed and repeated by aignaIa at different become Christiana were treated with unmitigated I parts. A white lI.ag W88 to denote that the choice aeverity-death or recantation being their only 1

bad fallen on General Taylor, red and different alternative. We need not dwell on this painful I coloUl'll for the other candidates. It 80 happened, episode in Japanese history, but there is no doubt : I howenr, that, unknown to the telegraph reportere, that between about 1580 and 1620 nigh upon a I the brokere and atock-jobbere of Philadelphia bad million and a half of Chriatianiaed natives perished., ! also a system of telegraphing the prices of stocks and that the Europeans after the year 1600 made and upward or downward movemenlill of the money- few fresh convertB. market by the use of coloured 1I.ap. One of their Spain never appears to have had any great men on a commanding position waved his white commercial relationa with Japan, and directly the 1I.ag, .. aaignal to one of his own confederates at a Franciscan monka were banished from Japan, the diatance. It W88 mistaken by one of the sigual- Spaniards may be said to dieappear from the field, I men of the reportere who forthwith ruehed to the except by the accidental wreck of a galleon, bound II telegraph office, and the wires in every direction to Acapulco, upon-the west coast of Niphon, and were giving out the exciting newe, that General the exchange of courteeies which _ued from the Taylor bad been nominated by the important con- generoUl treatment they received at the handa of ' vention. Portland, and lOme other toWJUl-favour- the J apaneae authoritiea. The Portuguese, hnw- 'I able to the gallant candidat&-" blazed" away ever, maintained their trading porte at Nangaaaki I ~ with salutes of a hundred gune, and gave vent to and ilill neighbourhood, and the Jesuit priests con- I their gratification in, the Ulual approved forma. In atantly recruited from the great college at Goa, this cue the telegraph, unfortunately, went perseveringly intrigued to regain the ground they i .. a-head .. of the fact. bad lOll; in the confidence of the ruling claeaea. !

Greater experience, and improved modes of work- Portuguese interest&, however, were doomed to ing the telegraphic linea, have now removed many receive a blow from a quarter whence danger of the difficulties which, at an earlier period of could then have been little anticipated. 'I'he their establishment, reatricted their use for the I ships of Holland and of England, not men-of-war, purpoeea of the daily preas, both in the United, not royal ships, but those of ~eir enterprising States, and in this country. Even a Preaident's II tradere, were about this time, struggling to reach message does not now offer any difficulty to the a land of which marvelloUl tales were then rife in conductore of the telegraphs, and column after ' the seaports of Rotterdam, London, and Plymouth. oolumnofthese long and proayoflicialexpoaitionaof I Drake and Cavendilh in 1577 &I}(1.1586, \nought

Digitized by L.OO le

,--

8U'\' 1, 1800.1 JAPANESE FRAGMENTS. 261

home such astounding proofs of the untold wealth of the various nations dwelling upon the shores of the great South Sea, and of the arrogant weaknese of the twain bullies of Rome who wisbed to monopoliee the plunder of those heathen, that the stout bnrghers and hardy seamen of Northern Europe, determined to contest that right in spite of Dons, Jesuits, or Inquisition. In 1598, two expeditions sailed from Holland-one from the Texel, and the other from Rotterdam. The Texel squadron of five ships wsa purely Dutch, commanded by one Jacques Mahay, whilst the Rotterdam fleet was a combined one, two out of the four vessela being English. It is worthy of note that the pilots of both these deets were Englishmen, who had obtained great experience in long voyages. For instance, we find that in the Texel deet there was William Ada.me of Gil· lingham, and his good friend Timothy Shot· ten, who had circumnavigated the globe a few years previously with Cavendish; whilst in tlie Rotterdam fleet another of Cavendish's old, followers, Captaiu Melish, undertook a similarly responsible

I task. It is foreign to , our pn......... to follow :11 these - ~~t seamen,

these pioneers of Dutch

I and English enterprise, wealth, and success in

I the East, thro~gh their ! long and hazardous

thriving trade of the Portugais in Japan, and how Japanese vessels came south "ladened with precious metals, and much victual" The strong north·east monsoon of that season forbade Captain Meliah proceeding in the direction of the much to be desired El Dorado, so he wisely turned highwayman, and obtained at "an easy rate," as he naIvely remarks, all that they wanted, excepting gold and silver. During the cruise of this Rotterdam fleet we are told incidentally, that whilst in Borneo they heard from a Japanese ship, of the ultimate fate of the last of the other Dutch expedition. There is something touching in the words, in which Melish records his information. .. We then heard," he says, .. of a great Hollander by tempests shaken, which had put into Japan, the company by famine and sickness all hut fourteen dead!" Let us turn to the adventures of that great Hollander,

voyaging. The Hotter· dam deet saw and heard but twice of their brethren during many years, and in neither case was their intelligence cheering. In the Straits of Magel. lan, they met one of the Texel ships much shattered by weather, her crew broken down and disheartened, and only &lUious to escape

Fua,·hawa _ through thoo ra1n. (Fac·oimIJe.)

and her gallant survivors. On a spring morning, supposed to be the llthAprll, 1600, a _worn, tempesttossed vessel drifted rather than sailed into a pon upon the east coast of Kiu·siu, or Bongo. She was the only survivor of the squadron of five which had sailed from the Texel in 1598. The last of her consorts, piloted by Timothy Shotten, went down in the deep sea of the North Pacific, and she (The Erasmus), had much to do to reach any haven. From the letters subsequently received from Japan, written by the English pilot of The Erasmus, we learn how dire was their necessity; for when the anchor was joyfully let go in that port, "hard unto Bongo," he, Will Adallll, of the strong heart,

back in safety to their homes. They reported, how. ever, that the ships in which were embarked the English pilots, Will Adams and Shotten, had proceeded into the Great Sea. Our Rotterdam friends, following Drake'. example, went direct from a little promiscuous plundering on the coast of South America to the Philippine hIes, in the hope of capturing something that would enrich them, and repay aU their sufferings. Less fortunate, they had more hard knocks, and found no pieces of gold, no ryaUs of plate, no galleon ladened with Mexican silver to exchange for Chinese produce. However, we find them one December morning of 1600, boarding 011' Manilla, a Japanese vessel, which had been twenty. five days out from a port of that country; and Oliver van Noort and Captain Kelish then first learnt and reoorded the news of the

and ten others of her company. were only able to creep about upon their hands and knees, and the rest, amongst whom was the captain, looked every moment for death. The Japanese received these new· comers with kindness, and the authorities were not a little astonished to find there were others. as bold seamen, as enterprising navigators, as they of Portugal and Spain.

The Zio.goon, or Tai-koon, Bent for William Adams, and must have been interested in the honest fearlessness of the old scurvy-stricken sailor, who, having tenderly bid hiB shipmates Good-bye, and commended his soul to God, boldly told the successor of Taiko·sama that his countrymen had long sought the Indies for mercantile purposes, and that his sovereign was at war with aU Portuga1a and ~DaniafdB rt\tt:t g .at peace with

ulglfiz"ca oy 'V' 1

_...c;:;; ________ -'---'-_. __________ _ ---.------.- .

262 ONCE A WEEK. [8 .. 1'.1, 1l1li.

worth of the precious metalB from the two porta of Firando and N angaeaki.

the worldbeaide. The Tai-koon, no donbt, was not sorry to see the prospect of European aid, thus held out, to rid himself of the threatening military preponderance of those two great powers. If others dare beard the Don, why might not he! And the J apaneae monarch must have marked the contempt of the Hollander and Englishman for the military prowe!18 of those two nations of southem Eurolle that had hitherto carried all before them in the East. '!;'he Portuguese and Jesuits used all their &rta and inOuence to have the wretched crew of The Erasmus executed &8

pirates. They failed signally; and, although The Erasmus was confiscated, and her peoplo desired to consider themselves to all intent. and purposes Japanese, the kindness they experienced in other reBpBCta was very great. Will Adams became in time the European adviser to the emperor, and for years afterwards we constantly meet the name

Whilllt, on tbe one hand, the emperor th11ll liber&lly eutertained the newly-arrived Dutch· men and especially our conntryman (indeed, he raised him to the high offices of imperial tutor, and charged him with the responsibility of con· structing vessels upon the model of The Erasmus), the Roman Catholic Christians in Kiu .. iu were perseveringly persecuted; aud when they, in despair, fiew to arms, they were ultimately exterminated, and, sad to lay, in that final ex· tinction of the faith implanted by the brethren of I

Xavier, the Dutch took a lamentable part. We : need say no more, than that they subsequently I

suft'ered the deepest humiliation, and although, 811 I the peet obBervea- I,

Gold help' the hurt th&t bonour feels, I i I' ,I

of our honest pilot &8 the tranaactor of bnain_ the Hollanders, in their wretched prison of Nan. between the court of Yedo and the subjects of gaaaki, had, for centuries, to regret that; they foreigu powers. Mindful of his frienda the Dutch· should have allowed themselves to be tempted by men, he secured to them, in 1601, a pl&ce of trade AIIiatics to take a part in exterminating men at • place called Firando, an island oft' the west who, whatever were their faults, were Dever· coast of Kiu-Biu, not very distant from Nanga- thelesa fellow Chris6ans. The IIU0C888 of the Tai· II&ki. Indeed, in his own quaint way, he tells us koon against the representatives of those two great &8 much in a letter bearing date January 12th, powers whose colonies and forces had hitherto 1613. .. The Hollanders being now I18ttled," .. y& awed the kings and nobles o.f all Eastern nationa, Adams, .. I have got them such privileges &8 the rendered him perfectly at his e&118 in the t1'8at· Spaniards and Portugueae could never get, and I ment of the Dutch and English. At first they last year those nationll tried to employ me to were granted mOBt liberal concesaioDII. The treaty obtain them like advantage.; but, upon coDsider· arranged by Captain Saris, in August, 1613, ation of furtber inconvenience, I have not sought I between the Emporor of Japan and King James it for them." There is little doubt, from the W&8 a great deal more liberal tban any which rapid decadence of Portugu8118 commerce and ambasa&dors of to·day have been able to negotiate. infiuence after the arrival of The Erasmus and and the freedom with which the Dutch and William Adams, that Englishmen and Dutchmen Engliah passed and repassed from one part of the contributed in no small degree to enlighten the country to the other, aud the insight they obtained Japan8118 &8 to the best mode of getting rid of into the mauners and customs of this singular those their first European friend&. Year by year, people W&8 very great. That commercial and per. fresh restrictions, fresh annoyanC8ll, rendered the sonal liberty was, however, very ahort lived. position of the Portuguese more and more intoler· The English factory was voluntarily aboliahed at able, and at last they may almost be said to have Firando about 1620, a year after the death of voluntarily withdrawn, leaving the field clear to Will Adame, and the Dutch were ordered to their more energetic opponents, the heretics of occupy the vacated prison of Desim&, in the bar· Europe. The PortugueBe went not away empty- bour of Nangasaki,_n imprisonment from which handed, and either throngh their system of com· they may be said to have been only rele&II8d by meree, or system of plunder, they drew olf a the perllBverance and pertinaciousD888 of the quantity of gold from the country which, for Americana in our day, who have almost insisted thOll8 times, l18ems almost fabluoU&--110 mnch so, upon Japan being again opened to the interco11lll8 indeed, that it became a common .. ying amongst of foreign nationa. the Portuguese at Mecao, .. that if they could Between thOll8 distant years 1600 and 1650, bave preserved the Ja.panese trade to themselves the opportunities of studying the Japan8118 for a few years more, that the streets of that people were very greet, and we cannot &CCUII8

COlony would have been paved with gold kobangs j " our friends the Dutch or our own countryman of

I: ·1

I

a bout only on a par with the oft'er of the having failed to take advantsge of them. The Spanish cifii7:ena of Lima, who tried to induce the information they gleaned, however, is spread over I emperor to visit that city by oft'ering to lay down such a vast area of print, and often given in such rover ingots for him to travel upon from Callao to unpalatable forma, th&t tbe wheat is in mOBt C&II8II

the city gates, a distance of eight miles. According buried under a mountain of chaft', and it is only to one writer the Bum of gold and silver carried now that we are in a position to l18par&te one I,' off by the Portuguese during three years amounted from the other. There ill hardly a proBpect of to the enormous figure of 2,713,7951. sterling j our countrymeu being able, for many years to i' but the Hollanders subsequently exceeded this con· come, to p&88 and rep&88 &8 our forefathers did in I siderably, for, by an estimate made by Mr. Rendall the interior of Japan. It may never amv&, ! I in his CuriOIlS compilation of Japanese information, perhape, that auother Englishman ahan be takea ,i /' they exported, in some thirty years or so, nigh into royal favour, and be granted estates and upon twenty.nine and three-quarter millions' rank like unto a lordship. ~ En~rrWJAighty 11II

Dlg,t,zed bY~V'OL\:. .

k..r. 1. 18.:0.] JAPANESE FRAGMENTS. 263 -------------------------------or ninety retainers to support his rank; and we Japan, China, or many other places we could must therefore content onrselves, for the present, nlWle. The Japanese of to.day are just the

Ilj'i with the commercial advantages secured by the s!\}Ile people first seen by Pinto and praised by Earl of Elgin, and satisfy ourselves as to the con· Xavier. The very cut of their garments is un· dition and habits of the people of the interior of changed, they shave the tops of their heads and Japan as they were reported and observed by our brush up their back hair as in the sixteenth cen-

1'1 forefathers. Happily for us, the aspect of an tury, and although their cnriosityand skill are as

I Asiatic nation does not change as rapidly as in great as when they imitated the petronels of their

II' Europe. A picture of auy state in our quarter of Portuguese visitors and Toledo blades of the the globe drawn two hundred years ago would Spaniards, yet they are in all other reopects that

, : hardly be recognisable to·day; but it is not 80 in same people of the isles of the day.dawn who

, l! ,. "

II ., J! II I

Street In tb.e suburb of Yodo. (l'ac-elmile.)

repened Kublai·khan's fleets and armies, and pre· ferred heathen independence to the Christian vassalage of the Church of Rome.

Let UI turn therefore, to the people them· eel Yea, and leave the history of their foreign relations until we again take up the theme, in the modem visits to Japanese seaports. The first thing that strikes us is the Btrl\nge coincidence between Marco Polo's report of 1295. and the accounts given in letters written by AJlWls three hundred years 8ubaoquently, of the general cha-

racter and disposition of the Japanese. He dwells especially upon the good administration of the laws, and the order everywhere prevalent, as well as the courtesy and valour of the people. But it must not be denied, that there was a dark side to this picture, for none of our writers pretend that the Japanese are a heaven·born race, free from the usual taints of frail mortality. Jealous of foreign interference, contented with their own laws and institutions, they at the same time, unlike the Chinamen, were full curiosity as to the

Digitized by OO~ re .

ONCE A WF.lIK. [8_. 1, 1""-' tries of Europe, we uk, lit down and aketch I what wu puaing before him in a street or on

habits, manners, arts and sciences of other nationl. Every visitor to Japan wu struck with their intellectual superiority over all other Eastern&-

i their sound I8nle, and powers of reuoning, their I. ready wit, keen perception, and great taste. The I Jesuits, the IOldiers and merchants of Europe, all i bear teltimony to their quickn881 in acquiring

language&-their love for the exact 88 well u speculative sciences. The lelf.poaaeaaion and ee1f.reapect, 10 apparent in the preeent day amongst all claaaea, wu CODStantly noted. .. Their rultiCl," u.i.d Ambusador Spex, •• appear gentlemen by the aide of our churls:" and it wu remarked, in favourable contrast to the relative poIition of European claaaea of the community in thOle dayB, that although the inferiors were moat reepectful to their superiOl'8, their 8uperiors were ever mindful of civility to those beneath them. Brave, prone to appeal to arms, and rnthl881 inbattle, the Japanese exhibited at the l&IDe time a IItrange contr88t in a hardened indifference to the aulferinp of his fellow·creature: there wu a total absence of all public charity for the relief of the aged or dieeued; infanticide wu frequent; and there wu an anomalous mixture of love and respect for women and the sanctity of the marriage tie, with legalised proltitution and public indecency. Theu, u to-day, the stranger visiting a Japanese city, wu struck with the strange olio of civilisation and utter barbariam-of extreme delicacy aDd good taste, combined with grossness, and disregard of thOle commonest conventionalitiea which raise UI above the beasts of the field. Take, for inltanCe, the precediDg illustration, that of a street in the suburb of Yedo. EveDing is setting in; travellers are unloading their honea and aeeking a hostelry for the night. Mark the advanced condition of civilisation in the appear· ance of the dwellings, the neatneea of the road, the trees allowed to grow 88 ornameDt and lhade, the monumental arch erected to woman's virtue, or man'l valour, the policeman in the distance; and, above all, the mingliog of the sexea, 10 dif· ferent to what il generally witneased in the East ; and, lastly, mine hoat, of the Hotel of Ten Thousand Centuries, praising the advantages of his establishment to the pauiog traveller. Then look at the reverse. The hotels are to be recog. nised by the courtesans, who both in the balconies and on the door.steps are inviting the paaaers.by. The three travellers in the fore.groundo are criti· cising the poor girls, anIi debatiDg at Which house to put up. Neither partiei 188m in the leut ashamed of the part they are performing. This is a truthful every·day scene, sadly illultrative of the remarlu we have just made; and we fancy the admirers of the ancient civilisation of Greece and Rome, will in Japan find a strong and living example of the stand point to which those variOUI natioDl reached.

We have hundreds of sketches made by nativea, illuatrative of the wayside scenes of Japan. They were not made for the purpose of impressing foreigners with the comfort and well·to·do ap· pearance of the people, any more than of the beauty of the scenery in the interior: yet there is in all a total absence of squalor, mieery, or want. Could an artist, in moat continental coun·

a highway, without introducing Spree from I which one would turn with loathing! Not only d088 it appear to be otherwise in Japan, but the I remarks of European travellers in the interior II confirm the fact to a very great degree. We do not in Japan lind, u in India, the roadaide lead- ,I ing to lOme great shrine or temple beaet with I' starving diaeue·atricken pilgriml; neither, u Abb6 Huc baa recently _n in China, do you I meet with the teDl of tho_ds who formerly II inhabited lOme proaperoUi province, forced by war or famine to leave their home, and marching in quest of suatenance-an army of ltarving creaturea, more dangerous than wild beaata, more deatrnctive, wherever they come, than locuatL Beggan there are in Japan; but it appeam to be a lawful inltitution, not an unpleuant occupation, and kindly supported out of the surplus of their neighboura,_mewhat resembling the reJisjoua mendicant lIOCieties once 10 common in Europe. Yet the Japanese mendicants are original: the I beggan do not trust to your mere charity to I move yO"lJr heart. If they be old, aud fail to \' ! move you with the tale of their wants, they immediately, we are told, change from grief to III gaiety, and either perform. "coach. wheels," u the London gamin does, or tell you lOme witty tale, or ling a long,-in abort, atteat the fact that I they are jolly beggan after all, and are ready to earn their penny if you will let them.

The mendicant priesthood of FuIi.ham&, men " who form. their homes in lonely spots or dangeroua places around the immortal shrine they wol'llhip, who give th81D1181ves up to the contemplation of what they believe to be the good and pure, praying ever for the linning IOnl and daughters of Nipon, only mortify the fleah by abstaining conliderably from ablutioDB and in forswearing razors; but they have coaey h01lB8ll burrowed out amonpt roclu and forest-covered ravines. Of course they are necromancers; 10 were our early mow; but these worthy Yamanboo.-prieata of the mountain-marry and bring up their families of mountaineers, of whom the young lady portiODl are notorious for their beauty, and would we could say for their virtue also. These children-at least the daughten of the mountain·priesta--&re born to beg, u mendicants, unl881 their beauty or talents induce the wealthier IODS of the plains to raiBe them from their humble occupation to be the miatre88ea of their houeeholda. Under the term Bikuni, these pretty dameela travel in pairs, clOthed in a dreaa not unlike that of a lister of charity, and frequenting the great routes which, at; certain -DB, are thronged with pilgrim I and traveller8, these fair nuDS are said to seldom beg in vain. The artful hood hides a laughing black eye and rosy cheek, the modest robe covers far too faultless and well developed a form. to p.uDscathed where warm. hearts are untrammeled, in a climate of Italian fervour, by thOle lIOCial rules which we have the Poet Laureate'l authority for layiDg, .. Sin against the strength of youth. ..

More than that, love and religion in Japan have a certain mystic oonnection on which it were not well to dwell. It comea of 9l4. old . e, and is

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I --I S8",. 1, 1880.] JAPANESE FRAGMENTS. 265

not altogether heatheniah. We all know how it &eVerity; but it _ likely that his &88a88ination crops up here and there, aa Michelet tells us, was brought about by this reactionary party. and amongst the myateries of Rome, and even tIllber that the Beverities of Taiko'lWJIa and his hostility Protesta.ntism cannot deny that the abodeP.oflove, to Christians aroae from a fear of this powerful the .Agapemones, are not confined to the ne!gbour- confederacy of warlike priests. There are other hood of Taunton. Beets of the priesthood, who rigidly abstain from

Fling not .tones, therefore, most righteous ones, all animal food, and spend a life of penance and at the poor priestesaea of Japan. We, at any rate, mortification. Celibacy, though not general Bhallnot, and inBist upon the fair Bikuni being amongst the Japanelle priest&, is enforced amongst allowed to pa8II in peace until it shall pl_ God particular sect. with severe penalties, inconti. to call them to a better form of faith. For, after nence being punished with death. The Ikkois aD, is it worae to touch your heart and sympathies take charge of certain temples, in which h08pi. by a pretty face, and a wiW mountain chaunt, tality and kindne8B are carned out 10 a very pro· than to do so by expoeing the;aorea of a Lazarus or faue extent; they never, says a 8C&udalised father, the aocial horrors of a Magdalen! Bikuni, thou trouble each other or dispute with the citizeus art aa welcome to our mite aa . .any beggar that ever upon questions of faiflh; their temples are the idled I1llOn the steJls of St. Peter's, or cowered hoU8e8 of good.fellowahip, built in pleaaaut places; under. the shade of Westminster. in ahort, these are the Friars Tuck of Japan. And

The religious element en~ 10 largely into the aocial oondition of the J aPaneae people that we must allude to some of the diferent forma of faith md auperatition, the diatinotion being but small. Recent visitors to Yedo, as well aa thOle of olden time. have been struck with the superior condition of the priesthood there aa compared with th_ of Chlna. The attendance in the temples, the orderly and reverent performance of the religious services all etteat the fact that. in Japan, there is none of that Bad stoical indifference to any faith, to over.ruling Providence, or a future &tate, which renders the Chinaman such a hope1_ object of conversion to Christianity. The old

I Jesuits who did not love the Japanese priesthood, acknowledged nevertheleas that, amongst the higher orders, there were men eloquently imprea' sive in their preachings, and. that their rhetoric, logie, aa well aB good manners and elegance of style-whether in conversation. or their writings -waa not a little to be admired; in ahort, that

I the church of the devll-as they charitably styled the Japanese religion-waa quite aa well adapted to enlist the feelings and touch the 8euaea of the

I' lower orders as that of Rome. I There is much confusion AI to the particular

-form of faith which might be considered the state religion of Japan; but, so far &8 we can glean, it appears to be a form of Budhiam modi Ied by the Spiritualism of the ancient 8intoo faith. We htar of many ofders of prieetbood, but thOBe of tU highest claaa are indubitably better eduoated, more' intelligent, and far more reo spected than in China. They are spoken of aa the enconragelB of intellectual progress and education. aM the natives give them credit &1\ the introducera and inventors of many of their arts and &ciencea. Next to these stood formerly, and in all probability do still, three or more orders of military clergy, somewhat resembling in character the k~htly priesthood of ancient Europe. They are, however, said to be unpopular on account of their turbulence, and of the bad odour they fell into in the sixteenth century, when, by way of checkin, the progress of Christianity and other innovatious, they, to the number of thirty thou. 1&Dd, took. up &rmI against their sovereign, and actually captured the spiritual capital. The Emperor Nebonanga puniahed them with great

laatly, we have the mountain priesthood, the Ya· maobooa before mentioned. All these BeCt. are more or leas mendicant.; and amongst theae thrifty people a system of loana, not giftB to the ministers of their Gods, baa been intro· duced, which is aa perfectly unique aa the con· clusion they arrived at, to prevent a dispute about the colour of the "Evil One" bringing about a echiam 4n the church. Each Beet declared the said peftonage to be of a particular hue; all the churches were by the ears upon the lubject, all the anthorities at variance; the dispute became aerious,· and waa referred to the emperor; he lolved the question with a wisdom worthy of Solomon. The devil, he declared to be of all colours! and we IUPpoae the harlequin attire of the Japanese policeman, aa seen to-day, is to remind thoae who stray from the paths of virtue and the law, that the representative ot the many· coloured one will have them unleu they mend their W&ys. But to return to the loana to the Church; it is a ltanding law amongst the Japanese boDZell that he who lends them cuh in this world will receive in the next world the capital and ten per cent. at simple interest. Billa of exchange payable hereafter are duly given to the lender, who carefully preserves them; and it is not unusual for dying persous to leave especial di· 1'4Ictious aa to these billa. They are generally buried with the corpse, in order that principal and interest may be claimed in the other world, aa well aa to frighten off the Evil One, who is reo puted to have a very natural horror of such 1.0.U.'s.

Another religious custom of a 1i!'n1y painful nature is often spoken of by all old writers upon Japan, and that is the self.aacrifice of the more enthuaiaatic prieatB in their desire to inherit more quickly the bleasings of the future state. The neighbourhood of the great religious college of Conay * is especially mentioned aa the scene of these suicides. The enthusiaat. usually announced their intention of proceeding to the other world on a given day, and expressed a willingneas to undertake any commi .. ioDII lor

• This college or Conay appevs til be cl .... to th. ancient clty or 8enUlRU. about h4lt _y between Yedo aDd Ooaca. It ..... visited 10 18.11 by " Dlltoh Emb ..... y ... ho _y b:ther l'ellllir all the learned or Jap"o .... dLopute 10 tbeolo;cy and phU" • .,phy. and tbey appeauo ha .. wls.o-d_ of th_ aDlcld9l attempts to I'eIWIl ~

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8BM'. I, 1_.J THE GOVERNESS. 267

departed friends or reIativ8lo They oarefully noted down all such mea&age8 in books carried for the pu~, they loaded their wallets with alms, and armed themaelvea with a sharp scythe, to clear the road of the many thoma and briaJ'll aaid to impede the paths to Par&diae. Thu equipped, the poor creaturea 1n>uld embark on a deep lake in a small canoe; paddling out a abort diatance, they at.tached heavy weights to their bodies, aud Ipl'llng into the water, whilat their admiring fra· ternity calmly regarded them u men much to be envied, and took care that the canoe .hould be burnt with fire, II a veaae1 too aaored to be ever defiled by being applied to 1_ noble purposea. ------ ------------------

JOLLY ANGLERS. Pon or III _nt out sahing,

Mary, Pairy. r, and the IIIUI : No _ in grumble or wiahing,

People _y .tell who 0&11.

llary WM lucky that morning, Lucky almOlt, I think, u the man,

A!ld ahe laughed with her .uey scorning Aa the fishes t1wy Med her can.

The man WM Incky in booking : Off the perch with hiB trimmen ran,

And he l'&11&'.It III a diah worth cooking, AI your lrIaideohead fisherman can.

I callght nothiDg worth keeping, 'l"hinge about the length of a span ;

When a I!8nueman'. hean iI leaping Be -1 atrilre a ftah, if he can.

bearing on her health. She has few or no lp8Cial liabilities to ill.health; and, if ahe is properly qualified, ahe has the euential ad\rantage of elt· emption from that dilmal c11111 of ailments. the maladia d'mnui. She has her triala. like every· body elae. There is a IUbnrb of London where the rnlea of the book-club contain. or did recently contain, a provision that no person engaged in education Iha1l be admitted u a Bubsoriber. There are IIti1l wives of merchants and manufacturel'll who, pondering the proapects of their daughter., I&Y, .. The truth ii, no woman who has been engaged in education ever can obtain the position of one who has not." There is atill a reluctance in men to refer to the fact that their mothen or aistel'll have kept a achool. Between this mode of feeling among grown people, and the awe and dread with which young people regard a1J educa· tol'll, the Ichoolmiatre&& may enoounter lOme little difficulty in lOciety. till ahe hu won her own way. and made her own friends; but thia is no hardahip worth mentioning in connection with health. A. woman whose nervea cannot stand the prejudicea of the ignorant and vulgar iI unlit to be a lchoo1miatreu, and is not worth our con· aideration here.

The lchooIuUatre. has the grand advantage of a line of duty accordant with her faculti8lo Women are made for domestic &dminiatration; and the little realm of a lChoo1 is preciaely the proper kingdom for an able woman who enjoys the uerciae of her faculties. She may be an egotist, u anybody may; but her occupation alforda no encouragement to that 1OurC8 of diaeue and misery. Natura1ly. ahe should be inee_tly

But Pairy, ahe made a capture, .ed, -: __ .1. ted to ha h On her darliDg OWll original plan, OCCUpl ue ........... mteree ; 10 u ve er

nervea in a good Btate. There are anxietiea be· And Pairy'B eyeB looked rapture lonoring to the function. The ohildren are faul .....

AI her great 10ft violets can. e- .;r I of courae, more or 1_; and occuionally one is With a ugle liDe ahe made i, corrupt-a heavy anxiety, and grave embarraaa·

0, nob a line 1OIl'd haye liked to 8C&D ! ment and grief. Parenti are often unre&lOnable,

I' One line, and the lady laid it ungrateful, or ill·mannered; but they can impa.e When loving youngladiea 0&11. only occuional annoyance. In 110 general way the

II In a gentleman'. hand ahe placed it BchooImiatreaa reigns IUpreme in her proper do·

I Before our Jefai,lcnhead fishing bepn, main, _ing, on the whole, a happy progreea Bow his chances of fiah were wasted, made by her pupUa in growth, and countenance.

j TeU, loven-who only can. and iii moral intelligence; and finding at lut that ahe has been providing for her latter yeara a rich

Over·nigbt an enraptured dancer Btore of friends, and the mean8 of independence 1 Had handed a peaaioDate note in a tau, when her workingdaya ought to ceue. It is

I' . ADd tbe !iDe "u this graoiOIll all8Wer- true, we lee women miamanage their health in I .. Yuu -y ion me-if YOIl ClZfI." S. that u in other poaitions. I have known a pair

--------. of them who aet up. pony carriage, and lpent dle THE GOVERNESS. afternoons in country.drives, who declared that

BD 1lBALTB. _they .. had not time" to wuh below their .. To Govern_ I What aort of govern_!" shoulders. They had poor health; and thil wu

my readers may uk, in the first place. the ucuae for the afternoon absence; but they Of four orden of female teachers, I do not pro· could not be induced to rile one quarter of an

pose to consider the CIIII8 of thoee who have a hour earlier, to relie'1'8 themaelvea of the obvioUB home. Women who have a home uaually have c&uae of their ailments. Under no circumstancea ib.eir health in their own bands; and all that I would they have .. had time" to do what they CaD I&y to IUch hu been laid already. did not like. The lame may be Baid of habits of

It may be considered that there are four ordel'll late aitting·up, iuau1licient exercise, an unfavour. of female teachers: lchooImiatreBBea, private able mode of dree&, and other follies of the kind ; goyern_, daily.governeaaes, and teachel'll of but the vocation itBelf II88IIUI, by the number of music, drawing, dancing', and other arta. aged achoolmiatreuea. to be. on the whole, favour·

There is no apparent peculiarity in the condi· able to longevity. Many of ua may recall aome tien of the echoolmiatreBa which can have much cheerful 8pecimen of th~rder; ,:e gay old

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lady, always sought and courted by old pupila or their children, free from personal caree, and full of acholarly interesta, as well as instructive experiences. Not long ago, one was seen closing a very long life, in the course of which she and her younger aiaters had educated many hundreda of gll'la in a way which was then superior to any· thing commonly seen, though it would hardly do now: but it was so congenial a mode of life to the venerable head of the household that, during a long decline. and to the very last, her neverfailing delight was in the Odes of Horace. Charming old pedagogue that she was I nobody would have insulted her by pity for her mode of life.

The daily-governess alao has that great lecU-

rity for health-a home. That ii, in the provinces, I and for the mOlt part in London, the daily-

II goV8rD8811 lives with parenta, brother or silter : and if alone in a lodging. that retreat has the

I comfort of independence and quietness, at all eventl. To a woman who has seen many faces in the course of the day, heard many lessollB, and walked l8Veral miles, there iI great comfort in the solitary room in the evening. where she can Itudy, or think, over her lewing. or write letterl, or otherwias institute lome contTalt with the buatle of the day. "Let me only have some room where I can throw myaslf down on the rug in the evening, and havemyaslf to myself," was once the aspiration of a diligent worker; and the same thing iI in the minds of hundreds of women always. In poeaessing this partia1liberty and repoas, daily.governelles have ont' of the advantages of the achoolmiltreaa. But much of the benefit il loet from the abseuce of another.

When physiciane tell UI that by far the largest c1881811 of ineane women in asylums are the maidsof·aIl·work and the govern88lel, we see at once that the two c1_ may have been affected by the 8&I11e evil inftuences,--overwork and underpay. The daily-gov8rD811 is not Ulually so overworked as to be deprived of a due supply of lleep, as the maidof-all-work iI; but, if auccellllful, her vocation iI one of great fatigue; and if not particularly BUCcesaful, she iI eadly poor. At best, if Ihe iI employed in two or three families for lix days in the week, and about her ·work from Beven or eight in the morning till leven or eight in the evening, ahe cannot pouibly save money to 8ecure anything like an independence for her latter days. Moreover, few women so employed are at liberty to appropriate the whole of their own earninge. They are Beldom alone in the world; and some broken-down parent, some youug brothers need-. ing education, or meane to atart in life; some lick lister, or some graceless member of the family, may carry oft" every shilling that illeft, after the barest food and olothing are paid for. It iI probable that very few of the 'ixty thouaand female teachers in England work for themselves alone; and it iI certain that an exceedingly Bmall proportion of them have any eft"ectual provision whatever laid by for the years when they can no longer earn. It iI no wonder that the gloom and the risks of auch a proepect weigh upon the Ipirita, and fret the nerves. It iI rather anxi01lll work, counting the weeka till the pay-day comes round; wonder-

ing whether the employer will remember to be punctual when the landlord iI Bure to be so; and when a new dre81 ill ahsolu~ly wanted, and perhaps achool-booke and etationery have to be paid for; or family ca11e are llressing. It iI dreary work emptying the purse when all ill received that can come in fllr weeks or months, and there ill no way of planning which will make the BUID .uftice. If any ill laid by, it ill luch a trille that each act of dlpoeit ill a reminder of the long aeries of yean during which the same pinching must go on, without any chance of a lufficiency at lut. Thill sort of anxiety acting upon a frame already WOrD with fatigue, may account for the overthrow of many miuds, and the Ihorteniog of many lives.

\: . I' 1 I' I" " t. ,

The daily-goverDeBI ill subject to the evila of our climate, like any out-door worker, and with 1_ choice than mOlt as to working or ataying at home. Weary or rested, with or without a headache or a cold, the giver of daily lessonB must fulfil her engagemeuts, in all weathers, and with I perfect punctuality. She cannot rest in bed an ! hour longer. She cannot wait till a shower ill over: at each house she must appear as the I i clock strikes, throngh all difliculties. The omnibUi ill an admirable invention for the class_bl i ' being entirely out of the question, except at the aacriJice of the mean, of living; but the omnibUi iI no longer to be depended upon for epeed or regularity:· and a mere lixpence a day-two threepenny rid~ount to nearly 81. in a year of working-days. A .tout heart and generoua Bpirit will reduce these evila to something very endurable. The nec_ty of disregarding VariatiODl of health ill an evil, certaiuly; but it pre1888 upon many of the moat prosperoUi people I: in society, from cabinetminillters and the ~peaker :; of the CommoDl down to the popular preacher and the commercial traveller. The w~ather ill really a mattAr of IIDiaIl consequence to a healthy, active woman, prudently dreBBed, and leneible in elfmanagement. Rain-proof coveringe and .tout shoes, put oft" on entering the houle; a bonnet that covers the head. and under-garments that may defy keen winds, may make the worst weather as safe as the best. The regular exeroise ill anything but a hardship, if it iI not immoderate in amount; and it need not often be that. Perhaps the greatest temptation to a solitary, hanJworking woman ill to live too low. If the physicians are right in saying that few Englishwomen take enough of nourishing food (thongh enough in bulk of food that ill not lerviceable), the solitary diner ill too likely to take up with what iB cheapest and gives least trouble, instead of reg&r'lliug it as a duty to get good meala of the beat articles of diet.

A great bleseiDg to thia class has lately riseu up in the Ladies' Reading-room, at 19, Langham Place. Tbill institution, which has grown up out of variOUI needs. aDIIWers vanoUi excellent pnrpoaea ; and among these there ill none more pleasant I to think of than the comfort and privilege it yields to working.ladi8ll. Till now there has heen no establiahment where a lady could go I alone for a lunoheon. or half an hour·, rest, IUch I as daily-gov8rD88IIes need in the intervala of their I

engasements. Now, by an ~bacri . on, and_I Digitized by '-.::tOO e

I :',...J TIlE - ... utiafactoty references, the daily.teacher obtains a might furnish as much true material for domestio

I comfortable place to go to in an odd half hour; tragedy as any number of oppreesed govern_. I a place where there is a good fire, _p and water, While the fact is 80, it must be wrong to make a

the newspapers of the day, and the be.t periodicall, party in favour of an employed CM at the and a comfortable luncheon to be had oheap. expense of an employing one which might make a There are few chances for daily.govern_ seeing strong impression in its own favour by condescend· newspapers and reviews; and hitherto it has ing to an appeal to the imagination and passions

I been much too common to go hungry for many of BOCiety. Some of the best members of both hours of the day, or to snatch food in a ahop, at a c1aasea tell us that the relation of parents and

III dear rate, and in awkward circnmstances. Now domestic governess is an essentially false one;

U1at improvement has begnn, we may hope it will and that all declamation and all reproach is con· go on. The new refreshment hoDS88 may prove a aequently thrown away upon it. This is a view

I! valuable resource to ladies employed wiLhin dis· of extreme impo..-tance, which demanda grave

I tances which will enable them to meet for dinner, consideration. Meantime, as there are actually at a moderate contract price, or who may keep far more govern8BB8B than are qnalified for the one another in countenance at IlUch tablu d'Mt.e work to be done, and as the order will car· as will probably be instituted at the new esta- tainly continue to exist for lome time to come, bliahmenta. we ought to consider what to desire, and what to

When the ill·health of governeaees is lpoken of, aim at, in the case of the very suffering eM of however, the allusion is to the family.govern811 govern_. cIa., which undergoes all the evila of the ¢her The phyaioiana have something alee to tell us, varieties, with grave and peculiar Idarings of its besides the disproportion of insanity in that claaa. own. I am no1; diapoeed to repeat here the well· The propensity to drink is occaaiouall:t _4 among known deaoriptionl and appeals, of which the them; and hence, no doubt, much of the insanity. world'i heart is weary, derived from the life and What il it that incites to drink !-wretohedneu. lot of the governess, and UII8d as tragic material What is the oause of that wretohedn_ !-There for fiction, or opportunity for declamation again.t are .several callB8ll. These mnst be understood IOCiety. I have too muoh sympathy with the before the health and morals of the eM can be oJ.. which Buffer keenly and indignantly under rectified. mch picture-drawing as the Brontee, and many Among the commonest items of popular igno.

, other novelists. have, thrust into every honae. ranee, are the two ideas that to know a thing is

I Keenly indignant women may reasonably be, who to be able to teach it; and that intercourse with know that the Brontes' prodigions portraits and children is a thing which everybody is capable of.

II analyses of love·lorn govern8BB8B have been read Hence arisea much of the IlUffering and deatrnction

by their em}lloyera, and their pupils, and every of governeues. I visitor who com .. to the honae. They feel that All to intercourse with children'. minde,I they have their troubles in life, like everybody there are multitudes of parents who are incapable ! I else; and that they ought, like other peGl'}e, to of it. It is even a rare spectacle when the mother

have the privilege of privacy, and of getting over who has been the best poeaible guardian and play. their griefl as they may. They have no gratitude mate of hel: infants is an equally good friend in for the Brontes; and will have DOne for any self· their childhood and youth. If it is' 80 with conetituted artist, or any champion, who raiaes a pareuts who have the divine aid of maternal eeneation at their expenee, or a clamour on their instinct and passion, how can it be with the hoat behalf. Moreover, there is too muoh to be said of strangers who enter into relations with the on the part of the employers to render it at all fair children for the sake of bread! What are the to carry on the advocacy which has thns far been chanc .. that, in that multitude, any considerable entirely one·aided. The worthieet of the governess number can be found who can paas .easily into a order are among the readiest people in 80ciety to child'. heart and mind, and be happy there! discern and admit the hardehips of the employing Again, if we see in actual life that the faculty of eM who are at preeent very unpopular. They see developing and inetructing inferior minds is and feel what the B&Orilice is when parents receive wholly separate from that of acquiring, holding, into their home a Itnmger who mu.et either be and using knowledge,-the former being also more dieoontented from neglect, or an intruder upon rare tban the latter,-what .are the chances in their domestic party, who is ecarcel,. likely to be favour of children being well taught and made happy herself, or acceptable to them; and who is, intelligent by any out of a hoat of candidates who at best, a constant care upon their mind., and a are examined in regard to their acquirements, but perpetual restraint in their home. If it is 80 at not about their faculty and art of enabling others the bee~ what deeoription could exaggerate the to learn? Our busin888 now is only with the misery of the hOll8ehold in which there is a eeries dect of these mistakes on the health of of bad governeaes! From the overcrowding of governe_. the vocation, bad govern88B81 are very numeroll8 j In their CM, as in society generally, there are -ad.venture8k1 who hope to catch a husband very few who have such sympathy with children and an establishment of one or another degree of as is neceeeary for paseing life with them. Those value; fawning liars, who try to obtain a main· who have that sympathy generally find a natural tenance and more or 1888 lUXUry by flattery and exercise for it, and are not likely to take up their nbservience; ignorant pretenders, who, wanting: objects of affection at random. To all others, a life bread, promiae things which they cannot do:- apent with children only ~ ~~Ir ~nalty. The theee, and the merely infirm in health or temper, : peculiar requia~itim-~ absent, not

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ONCE A WEEK. [BIIPr. I, 1880.

even mothers can get over the irksomen88ll. We to the drawing-room in the evening. Her pupw. Bee it by the number of mothers who are strict; want her moat when everybody else is engaged in and hard with their children; who are making hospitality; and ahe certainly cannot keep up her their children feel de tTOP in their pftsence and in qualifications, or increase her knowledge, if abe the houee; who first consign their ,little on88 to spends all her evenings in aociety inatead of nl11'lllmaids and then· to govem88llel, without a study. lluee of sacrifice on their own part, till jealoUly One of the embarrunnents of the conacientio1l8 awaites, when nurse or govemeaa has won the govem8811 is to decide between gaining knowledge ittle hearts. and lOlling eaae and good manners by IOlitary study

The aame temperament in a govem8811 makes in leisure hours; and keeping her aocial 8&11 and her life almost unbearable. So doel a love of losing knowledge and power by going from the study, whether in the way of books or art. So a school-room to the drawing-room. Each mun dozen other characters of mind which are aggrieved decide for heraeU in her own C8II8; but there by the perpetual reatleI8DeII of children,-by _ to be no doubt that the 8&11 of mind which the in_t interruption they cauee,-by their ariaea from a cultivated intelligence is beat proimportunity, their irritability, and the petti- moted by a general habit of intellect;ual pursuit. n8811 of their minds and interests. Living all day lufficiently varied by aocial intercourse. A cIoae and every day with these little companions, with and equal friendship in the houee or neighboura COneciOUID8811 of not getting on well with them, hood is an impoaible bleaaing to a resident or doing well by them, is caUle enough for a }ler- govern88ll. With the mother it is out of the queapetual fever of mind and wear of nervee. leading tion, from their irreconoileable poaitiona in regard to illnell, to failure of temper, to a resort to to the children; and with anyone else it is praotistimulants by Blow degrees. A lower order of oally (and naturally) never tolerated. govern_ will, in tho same oircumBtauoea, grow Then come the personal anxieties,-inaeparable deaP9tio and eavage,-the demoDB of the school- from the position.' Every govern8811 mUlt want room who have destroyed BO much young pro- to earn money, or ahe would not be where ahe is; mile, and shed a blight over the whole life of ~ly and llul has no meana of earning enough for her victims. peace of min.d. The salary doea not afford any

The mere absence of the Bpecial power of teach- prospect; of a sufficient provision when health and ing is nearly u bad. The children 888m stupid: energy are wotn out. leBBOna become to them a mere infiict;ion, and the Sir George Stephen, who, u the legal champion notion of knowledge a terror. A child who ories of a hoat of governe88eB, knows more of their every day from the Bame diatreaa is doomed to circumatanoea than perhaps any other man of his ill-health; and 10 is the teacher who aeea no time, declared" that he knew of one govem_ result from her toil but growing stupidity on the being paid 4001. a-year; of three receiving :iool., part of her pupi1e. These are the govemeeaea who and a few more 2001.; but that 1201. wu the are to go to Bedlam by-and-by. received limit of aalary for the moat accompliahed

A wise and experienced clergyman once said ladie&. Not many get more than 801. There is the very kindest thing, and the richest in meaning, no oocaeion to set about proving that a woman which could be eaid to a young govem88B about can lay by very little out of 801. or 1001 ... year, to leave home for the first time: .. Don't be too after paying for her clothes and wuhing; her anDOUI to give satisfaction." There is no need to annual journey home or elsewhere; medical enlarge on the significance of thiB advice. It is in advice, and the meana of puralling her arts and itaelf guidance to power, health, comfort and studie&. The accumulation must be 80 small cheerfuln88ll: but it iB for the few only who have at beat, that the encouragement to save is very the natural gifts requisite for their work. ~'hOl8 weak. It rarely happens, too, that the govern_ who are not in instinctive alliance with the has only herael.f to maintain. In moat inatancee, children must be anxioUi about giving eatisfaction I every ehilling is wanted u it comes in. And to the parent.. then, how vast is the majority of cuee in which

Theae are the wearing cares under which health there cannot pOIBibly be any surplus at all! Every decay.. Then there are the privatioI1l. No mother, I few monthe lOme IOrt of protelt is publicly brother, eiater, or friend to speak to every day--or I made againat parents who advertise for a govern_ any day; no domestic freedom under which life I who is to do the work of three personB for ten or flows on in a full and euy stream; none of the fifteen guineu a year; but the evil of insufficient aocial consideration which personB of all ranks I pay goes on. It must go on till governeaaee are a . enjoy in their own homes; no choice of friends and I 18811 numerous and better qualified body than 'hey companions with whom to travel and enjoy the have ever been yet. I have Been Quakers surdaily stage of life; none of the support which I priaed at my exclamations on hearing that in family love and pride afford to Belf-respect;. These wealthy families in their body fifteen pounda and many more are the privations endured by the WaB considered a lufficient salary for the family alien of the household. governeBI. It is true, the Quakers permit no

Of the mortifications I will not speak, becauee I pauperism and no act;ual want in their 180t; 10

could not do it without having to explain why I that wom-out aervants, gentle or Bimple, are coneider that the weakcet point of the govemess's aecure from the workhouee; but it is a fearful OllIe. I have no sympathy with the govern88B who I thing to give, and yet more to receive, IUch a thinks 10 much more of herael.f than the children : pittauce aB can barely provide clothing in acknow:\ u to stipulate for a place at the table when there led!lJllent of the entire devotion of the life, of all.. are dinner parties, and for a permanent invitation: • "Uwde to tIotrVlce~" .. 'lUll ~..,...~

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I' I

BuT. 1, IDeO. THE GOVERNESS. 271

the time and all the powers. Persons who are not advantages are II11fficient to afford it a new atan,

I Quakei'll, however, nor bound by the Quaker rule on better terms for all partie8. . of maintaining the helpl81111 of their own Bect, pay Meantime, female education is somewhat im

I 18l1li than that pitiful aalary; twelve pounds, ten, proving. That is perhaps the chief consideratioo and even eight. The comparison of auch aalarie8 in the caae. A high order of education among with the wages of servants hal become a common women who may have to become govern_es will

, \ theme. My busin_ with the aubject now is in keep out of the prof_ion a multitude who now view of ita effect upon the health of this claaa of get a footing in it; and the more highly qualified hard workers. What can be the 8tate of nerves of a woman is for the office of educator, the 18l1li she

III a woman who, by laborious and precarious meana, will 8ufFer in it. The main obstacle to the immeis earniug a present 8ubsistence, with no prospect diate improvement of female education,-the

I • whatever before her at the end of a few years, indifference or the grudging reluctance of parente, I and no particular relish for the time which lies -is a lOre trouble at present; and when fresh

, I between. She cannot avoid hearing the dreadful instan08ll of clOll8 economy in the education of

I, atorie8 that we all hear, every year of our livee, of girl., combined with oatentation in other matters, old governesaes, 8tarved, wom out, blind, para- come under our notice, we are apt to doubt

'

I lytio, inaane, after having maintained relatives, whether the day of graCe and jll8tice will ever educated nephews and niecea, put themselves out arrive. But it is approaching. With sllch inati. of the way of marriage, resisted temptations of tlltions as the Ladi08' Colleges of London and

I! which no one but the dellOlate can comprehend the Edinburgh before us, and while observing the I force, and fought a noble fight, without receiving troops of certiticated students whom they send

crown. or tribute. 1£ the testimony of physicians forth to educate the rising generation, we cannot is true as to the existence of intemperance among rationally doubt that the profoaaion of the gover. this claaa of working nuns, how can we wonder, n81111 is about to aaaume It. new aspect. The time any more than we should at the eame weak- must be nearly at an end when parents pan save

! neu, if it were practicable, within the walla of a the elrp8nae of schooling for their whole batch of I I convent! daughtera, including IOns under ten' yean old, by

Sir George Stephen pointed out, sixteen yean engaging a young lady on the Wag08 of a nUJ'll8' aso, that one of the singular evils of the lot of maid. When the time comll for the achooling to govem_ was the absence of combioation, and be paid for in the govemOBB, if not directly for the even of uprU de emptI. Servante stand by each ohildren, there may and will be fewer govern_ other, almost as artisans and operativ08 do ; but the employed; but there will be more money spent govern811 is, or was then, all alone and dt'.aolate. upon them, and a higher cousideration awarded The anecdotes given by him of the he1pl811 misery to them. Either that, or the arrangement will of girls worth ten times more than their oppreuors expire. Each is only a qUlltion of time. in all but wealth, would be acarce1y oredible, if The nut point of importance is the opening of they were not I8rioualy diacloaed as evidence on a variety of industrial ocoupationa to women, by which legal proceedings had been grounded. which the greater number may earn a respectable Mattera have mended since then. Govem811C8 maintenance more suitably and hapllily than by are protected, pensioned, counselled, and aided; attempting to teach what they have never proand they can insnre, and save, and buy annuities perly learned. The relief to the over-crowded

,I to advantage. Various new occupations have govem811 c1aaa of every draught from their num-

I been opened to women, and more will open bers into a freah employment needa no showing. continually,l8ll8Ding the preB8ure upon the pro· All encouragement given to the efforts and the.

I feasion of education. Still, there is misery euough iodustry of any other cla8B of wor~ing women to impel us to inquire what more can be done; benefits the govern_s.

I and ill-health, in partioui&l', which affords the There is another reaource, of Buch evident gravest admonition that there is Bomething yet fitneaa and efficacy, that I wonder more and fearfully wrong. more that English parents have not long ago

I The profeuion is understood to preclude mar- adopted it with the vigour they will one day shoW' I riage in all but a rew exceptional oaaea. I will about it. Wherever we go among )larents of

I not go over ground fully treated by Sir George the middle c1au, we find the one gnawing anxiety I i Stephen, but aaaume that the fact is 80; as indeed. which abides ia their hearts is the dread of their i, I the observation of any penon liviug in society daughters "having to go out as govern08l108."

I I I I I, Ii

>, !I\ I . ,

must pronounce that it is. This enforced celibacy "Anything but that!" says the father, when can be got rid of only (or must be got rid of first) talking confidentially after hiB day's work at the by *ortening the period of profeaaional work, in office, or the mill. or the counting. house, or in the case of young govem08l108. This can be done going the rounds of his patients. " Anything only by meana of a large increase of salary; and but that I" sighs the mother, as she thiuks of her that increased salary again can be had only by own girls placed and treated as she has Been 80 raising the quality and lowering the number of many. Yet we see, ye&l' by year, the dispersion governeuea. We shall arrive at the same issue of familill of petted darlings. or proud aspirants, in considering everyone of the special diaad· I whoae fathers have died, leaving them pennil8llll. vantages of the occupation. The concluaion is : Now a barriater,'-now a phyaician,-now a clergy. always the same-that there must be f&l' fewer,i mau,-with a merchant or banker, or country govemeaaea, and of a f&l' better quality. Then the! gentleman. here and there,-dies in middle life, or experiment may be fairly tried, whether the whole in full age, without ~V; had courage to warn arrangement is too faulty to last, or whether its ; his dear on.., ~5itiWd • ~u what was

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ONCE A WEEK. ''\UlIPr. I, 18eO.

coming. There is nothing for the girla but to f_onat men, and parenta of all ~ in which .. go out," either as goVerD.e1111e8 or emigranta; and there is not a 1arge accumulated property! We it; is impoaaible to eay which is the hardeet. might; have _iationl dilfering in their eca1e of There is a way of eaving all thil, and, at the _e deposit and allowance with the station and PI'Olltime, of improving the prospects of the govern_ pe(.... of the membel'l-from the phyaician, or c1au. H the method were generally known, it barriater, or engineer in large practice, who could muat lI1lI'81y have been extensively adopted by deposit 10001. for each daughter, down to the this time: and if it is not 10 known. it ought tTadesman who could lpare only 1001. Even this to be.' lo_t lum might go far to keep unqualified

Mr. Brace, the Americau traveller, h .. explaiued women out of the education market; while the to ua the etructure and operation of the Danish highest would alford a real independence. The institution of .. the CloisterB," which, if we knew project, illustrated by centnries of IU_ in anything about it at all, we had IUppOied to be action in Denmark, commends itaeIf to the attenIOmething in the way of a convent; whereas ita tion of parenta in all European countri_ Mr. main principle is the commercial one of mutual Brace eayl it does in the American States. If it _urauce, applied to the case of a provision for ever gaiDI a footing in Eugland, it will be the daugbte1'l. In ancient daya. no doubt, it muat brightest event in the history of the govern_ have had more or 1_ of the conventual cha- c1au. racl;er j but the elSential parts of the scheme are It does not follow from any detail of the evila fit for the handling of middle-c1us parents in our of the governess system that it is al.ays a failure. manuflOturing towns, or the prof_ional ~ Most of us have known lOme oue happy govern ... in the London of our own day. It certaiuly takes a great deal to make on_

The Maiden Aaurance Companies, which are natural constitution, in harmony with the nature the PreHllt form of the old II Cloiatsr "institution of childhood; intellectual and moral power adeof the Danish nobility, conliat chieRy of the quate to a great work; a nice union of eelf.reepect daughters of gentry of amall fortune; for nobility and modesty; a eteady good _, resolution, there, .. in Russia, extends very far down in fortitude, and generoUI cheerfuluOlll, not to be aoclety. When a daughter is born, the father daunted by pe1'lOnal l,rivatioDl and IOlicitud_ depoeite a __ y 2000 dollars-in the fllDds of all these are requisite to make a happy govern_. one of the lOCieties, registering the infant as a Some willsnggeat aI an addition, favourable cirmember. By beginning thus early, and whole culDltancea in her position; but such a govern_ m-ea joining in the Icheme, all unpleseant makes her own circulDltanC81-not in the form of speculation .. to probable marriage or lingle money, but of opportunity to do her duty welL life is obviated. The child reC81vea four per Such a govern_ has aleo as fair a chance as any cent. interest on the deposit till she is married. woman of a vigoroua old age, rich in ideu and When she is married, or if she dies, the _ affections, if not in fortune. lat- into the general fund. lIARRIBT M.umNuu.

While single, she enters, with the Dames above her, into the enjoyment of the privileges of A GROUP OF GRAVES. the institution, according .. marriage and death ocouion vacancies. There are three stages of IT is but a short walk from the former dwelling privilege. The lowest, whose occupants are called of the living to the lut home of the dead poet the third clau, CODf81'l an income of 250 dollara, Wordsworth. In the little garth of S. Oswald's, and rooms aud appointments in the institution, Grasmere (·'the lake of the wild boar"), the where there is no conventual restraint, but Churchyard of the Excursion, and the IUbject of simply a comfortable private residence. The Wilson's ve1'l8, there are three lych.gatea, accordmembel'lof the second clau have an income of ingtothecountryfolkoneforeach·ofthepariahes 500 dollara, and those of the fim clau of 1000 of Ambleaide, Grasmere, and Langdale. To the east dollars, aIao with residence and appointments. of the church, hllDg with a screen of larches, the

I A member who h .. received nothing beyond tbe Rothaglidel notfaroff, and underthegloomofyewa ',,' I interest of her deposit is entitled to a grant of 600 which he BaW planted, are the graves of Words-dollars, in cue of becoming a widow in needy worth and his houlehold. The turf is washed II circulDltancea. A member marrying after receiv- green by Bummer dew and winter rain, and in

I ing nothing more than the interest may, when early spring is beautifully dappled with licheua

II the fund permits, have a dower of 1000 dollars and goldeu mOIl. The graves are in a line, and a from it. path way has been worn to them from the wicket

The property of these inltitutioua has increued pte on the bridge. Dorothy W ordaworth is the very largely by means of the principle of UBUr- name we read on the fil'lt grav_that of the poet'l anee. There is 10 much more marriage and death favourite sister; then an interval filled by the among the members than ultimate celiblOy that a grave of Mrs. Wordsworth, near William Wordseound buia of _uranee is afforded; while the worth; then the grave of Dora W ordaworth, with parente find their share of advantage in the the Agnua Dei, and the text, "Him that cometh peace of mind attendant on the certainty of a unto Me, 1 will in DO wise cast out;" then the provision for unmarried daughtel'l in good time, grave of her huband. Mr. Qni1linan. the transand meanwhile a emal1 income for purpoaes of ilator of the "Lusiad; " and behind them, education. I marked by two little head· stones, the graves of

Who can doubt that, such aaociatioDl once Wordsworth's two infant children. The iDmp- I' ", formed, th41Y would be eAgerly supported by pro- tion upon the stone., wittenAiY W.enlflmrth, is:

DIgltlzea5y GUL-(5 I\:

,

II I

I

,I

s.n. 1. 18110.] A GROUP OF GRA YES. 2'13

Six weeks to Bix yeai'll added he ramaioed U poo this &inful ear~b, by aio uostaiued. o b1_d Lord, wbose gondness then removed A child wbicb every eye that looked on loved, Support us. help us calmly to resijtU What Tbou once gluest, now is wholly Thine.

Hartley Coleridge'. grave is behind, with the iDllCription. graven round a cross entwined with thorn, "By Thy pllll8ion, good Lord, deliver me." At the foot of the cross we read: "The stones which mark the grave of Hartley Coleridgt', eldest 110.0 of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, were erected by his surviving brother and Bister towards the clol8 of the year 1850." There Hartley Coleridge was laid on a snowy day in January, the white·haired Wordsworth following the bier, which was light &8 that of a child, and a crowd of oountry people filling up the procession. Before Ipring gave way to Iwnmer, Wordsworth himae1f was bOrne along the II&1II8 path by othera to his rest. .. I have no

particular choice," Hartley Coleridge wrote, "of a churchyard; but J would repoee, if pOB8ible, where there are no proud monuments, no new·" fangled obelisks or mausolenms, heathen in every. thing but taste, aud not Christian in that. Nothing that betokeneth aristocracy, unleaa it were the venerable memorial of lOme old family long extinct. If the village. school adjoined the churchyard, 80 much the better. But all this must be as He will. I am greatly pl_d with the fancy of Anaxagoras, whose Bole request to the people of Lampaacua was, that the children might have a holiday on the anniversary of his death; but I would have the holiday on the day of my funeral I would connect the happiness of childhood with the peace of the dead, not with the struggles of the dying." The shadow of Grasmere chnrchyard, where at that time there were no obelisk., was probably in the poet'. thoughts. .. I should not like," he said to a

Wordawortb·. Grave.

friend, "boys to!play leap.frog over me, but I would not mind little girls running over my grave. .. The little building by the gate on the north no long time ago was the school·house. There little Barbara Lewthwaite was taught; and as Wordsworth one day looked in, he aaw "that ohild of beauty rare"" reading in Lindley Murray's eelection the poem he had written, and, as of course, very vain of the compliment he had paid her. The interior of the church iB very different from what it was at the date of the Excuraion. Churchwardens' whitewash ilnd paint and hideous peWl! have defaced all the features of intereet ; and the old Baailican fashion of men and women sitting on opposite sides of the nave, and the custom of flower· bearing, are the only relics of the olden time.

The monument of Wordsworth, near tbe 8pot where for 80 many yeai'll on Sundays bis place was Dever vacant, is decorated with his favourite f10wera

-daisies and wild oelandine; the inacription is as follows, slightly altered from the words of Mr. Keble :

To the memory of WILLUJ[ WORDSWORTH,

a true Philosopher anti Poet, who, by the special calling of

Almighty God, whetber he diacouraed on mau or nature,

lailed not k> lift up tbe heart to holy thiog&,

tired not of loaiotaining the cause of the poor and simple,

and so, in perilous times, was raised up to be a Cbief Minister,

not ooly of noblest poesy, but of bigh and Sacred Truth,

this memorial is placed here by bis frien,]e and neighbours,

in testimony of respect, afl'ection, and,~titud &llD.O 1851.

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274 ONCE A WEEK. [8~. 1. 1180. I!!

Here, rather than in the long-drawn aiales of Westminster, the memorial of the poet appeBl'l appropriate; but, indeed, he neede no monument. As long as' the mountaiD. .tand and the lakes brighten the dales which once he celebrated, and with which now his name is imperishably &810'

ciated, he needs no other monument than his own immortal verse, which he hu bequeathed to all who can appreciate and love what is pure and good, and beautiful and holy_ 1Irij/IA ir .. It A.t.

M. E. O. W.

TWO DAYS IN WEIMAR.

"GBRIlAN Weimar" is Matthew Arnold's picturesque phrase, aummiDg in one word the many cha.racteriatica of the modern Athena. 1"he modem spirit, the spirit of acoffiug and fast travelliDg, has been 10 much diffuaed, even. over Germany, though accepted only in a limited I8UIe AI regards speed on railways and atill resbrted by eilwaqen. that few towna retain that idyllic aspect we are accuatomed to call Ger· man. No towu, to me, retains· it 10 completely as Weimar; and it is lit that simplicity, which lingers last with great men, should plant its extrema -tiuia on their long abode and restiDg. place.

When I woke in the morning, and went out into the .treet;s, I felt as one who wandere through Pompeii, and expects at each turn to meet &

reauacitated ancient who has alept through time. The streets looked like roWI of toy-ho-. The abaence of all movement, the listl_ air of the towu, confirmed the impreaBion. And when, tuming a comer, I came on a statue looking as much at home on its pedestal as if it had.tspped up there, with an air of unconaciouan8ll, not ~ as all other street statues, it _ed as it would step down and resume life, or that statues walked in the .treeta of Weimar like men. I stopped lmproml'ted before a white house in one of the firet squares I paued, n-or knew till later it W&l

Goethe's house. Something there must be in all that belonged to Goethe to make it .tand apart from all elae of its age. Why should I look at bis house firet, before churche. or palaces, without knowing it WAI his? Why Ihould I eeleet a Bmlll low cottage in the Jl&rk, and uy it was, what it actually proved, his (Jarlm·1uJ,,_, uruthere is Bome cadlet, some stamp of distiDctive· neaa impresaed on his dwellings, just as there is on hi. work. ! '

Neitber of Goethe's houaea are to be seen, uve a part of his town· house once a week. Schiller's ~ouae is always open. It is a low cottage of two storeys, with a shop on the ground Boor, and on tbe upper Boor the room he occupied. His bed, the bed he died in, is still there; his desk, which he could raise or lower at pleaaure, as lie could raise or lower the mind, and lOme other relica,little pianoforte, .ome of his writing, and a few book.,-are all that remain in his hoUle. H you want to see more of him, go iDto the world. A.ak the first German you meet, or the tenth of any other nation. Go on the 10th of November, and see all cities on the continent uniting to celebrate his name-enthusiastic crowda in every theatre

" auembled to f6te him. In front of the theatre is a group recently erected of Goethe and Schiller I ; together, each holding one .ide of a wreath with one hand, Goethe'. other hand placed on· his I : brother'. shoulder. Scbiller looks up, as beli .. an idealiat ; Goethe look. straight before him, AI I

suits the man who united all views, idealist and realist, as he united art and acience. 'l"here is something friendly, something unstudied in the group, that makes it come home to the heart ' , more than Schwanthaler'. majestic Goethe u : Frankfort or Thorwaldsen '. musing 8chiller at I' I Stuttgardt.

What elae I laW may be summed up in very few warda. A. beautiful bUBt of Goethe when I, young in the Library, realising all the reports of ' the beauty that made men look at him and stop ii, ' eating when he entered a room; a large statue of him in a building in the park, called the Temple Salou; and the coilin. of Goethe and Schiller in I, I

the FllrBteDgruft, that is, Princes' Vault. The ,I two poets lie side by side, a little removed from :: the obecurer princes, their collina covered with bay.leaves. Karl August, the friend of Goethe I I'

aud Grand Duke of Saxe Weimar, wished his coffin to be placed between the two poets, but courtly etiquette forbade. It is better, much as II' oue respecta a prince who could protect sllCh great men, that he .hould derive no adventitioua honour I

from being buried in a higher place than befitted ' , him. He might befriend them while they lived, while fortune placed them lower than him, but to Bleep between them in desth is no more allowed him than to patroniae them in their new

sphere. \' '\' The Park of Weimar was my great resort. Laid out by Goethe, changed from unreclaimed wild to a shady pleasance, with winding walk. under , the bougha, open apacea of meadow grasa and 'I Howen, and a concert of siDging·bilda in this I' young aummer westher, it tempted to stroll 1 alowly through the cool alleys, or .it under the I" shade and muse. Schiller's Walk was written in thia park; and the poet might often be eeen I I

wandering in it alone with his muse, tumiDg down unfrequented paths to avoid intermpten. Here it was that Goethe, walkiDg in that majestic pole with his handa croued behind Ilis back, his aecretary following with the work he had broken off in-doore to continue in the air, had to move I"

out of the path to avoid a labourer who stood I gazing at him in mute amazement. The river 11m that runs through this park, in which Goethe bathed day and night, to the horror of well· " regulated German miDda, did not tempt me; it _ed dirty &lid IIIlall, more of a ditch than a river.

One by one I, called up my acattered recol· ,I lectiona, the thoughts which made the name Weimar more familiar to me than any place that had been my home. I wondered which square of the town had Been the strange light of Goethe and Karl Auguat, the young 110810 and the young prince, crackiDg dray-whipe by the hour. But; the earlier day .. the qMiaJ.jM)/~ uit, had not 10

.trong a hold over me as the later time when Goethe had developed from the wild youth into the aerene man, when he gave Jaws to .... world.

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I thought of the decree he gave out to check the I the first time I sat out two ACts, the second time vagaries of the Schlegels, and to reinstate c1usio : I oould ouly sit out one. Its story ie a llOpular art ,in the appreciation of his subjects, of which legend of Germany, telling how Tan~ll.er, a Heine oye: .. After that, there W&I no more JuUght and minstrel, W&I decoyed by a female quOlltion of the romantio ochool or of the oIusio devil, once a godd ... , and 8tilI named Venus, achool, but of Goethe, and always of Goethe I" to .pend a year with her in her enchanted hill. And the quotation from Heine recalled hie inter· On returning to life none would eIJ!l&lt with view with the Jupiter of Weimar, how the him, 10 great was hia crime, aud he had to majOlltio presence of the god drove out from hia go to Rome to uk abaolution from the Pope. memory all hia prepared speech, and he could but But the Pope, on hearing the enormity of hia _mmer a praise of the plums that; grew on the sin, refused him abaolution, drove him out of way-side from JOlla. Rome, and he returned to the enchanted hill . Happy thoughts, one wonld BUPpoae; yet they to pan the rest of hie life with VenUL This

filled me with an invincible molancholy as I ot I ia the legend which the reader will find in in the park at Weimar, and looked &01'08II the Heine'. work, "De L' Allemagne," or in "Lewes's meadow .pace to Goethe's garden.house. What Life of Goethe." right had I to be unhappy, who had aot the The opera was to be performed that night at excuse of gre&tneaa?· Weimar, and my neighbours at the tabk trMt.e

I returned to the table d'Mte, and found an held themseJVeB in readineaa to applaud it. One antidote.to any thonghts of put Weimar in viewing was a Russian, on hie way to England, who had the reillD that has sllcceeded to Goethe's. Perh&pB already preaohed the gospel of Wagner in hia own to a thinking man the folly that surrounda' him ie land. He boasted that he had eat the overture to more mournful than tile wisdom of the put, but TannhlLuser for four pianos and sixteen handa. there ie at times 80mething cheering in folly when As the oid overture ie remarkable for the pain it you are saddened by memories. A farce follows gives the nerves when performed by a full orches· a tragedy, and you are not 10 much shocked; you tra, I should be loth to hear eight musicians of are relieved from lamenting the state of South the future banging it out on four pianos. The Italy when you hear Mr. 'Bowyer's comments on rest of their converntion was in the ome vein, it. Thus, wheu I found myself at the tabk speaking with bated breath of Wagner and Liazt, trMte, in the midst of a band of zuhlt/h,u, I was with occasional depreciation of greater names. It cheered, and listened without bittem-. Perhape was not without reluctance that I paid my two you do not know the meaning of thia German ahillinga for a stall at the theatre. I had a great word; it may be literally translated .. futurists," desire to see the at&ge on which 10 many and ie the name applied to those gentlemen who of Goethe'. and Schiller's works had been cultivate the music of the future. Thia grandilo- performed, the theatre of which Goethe W&I

quot phrase has been given to a ochool of music manager; but I had an idea that thia theatre intended to supersede Mozart. Its prophet.in. was a building subsequent to their time, erected chief ie Richard Wagner; one of ita heads ie on the ruins of theirs. But putting thia out Frans Liszt, the pianiat, Kapellmeiater at Weimar. of the question, I wanted to have a glimpse I fear it may be oid of the name of thia school, at the music of the future in its ohi~f strongas it W&I said of lOme poet'. Epistle to Posterity, hold. that it ie never likely to reach its address; and of The di6erence between North and South Ger. its pretensions to supersede Mozart, what Poraon many, 10 puzzling to politicians, ie nowhere more said of Sonthey'. poems, that they would be read apparent than in their music. The South German when Homer and Milton were forgotten, but not music ie considerably qualified by the neighbour. till then. ing inftuencea of Italy, and expreBBe8 aentiment

Wagner, the chief prophet, ie a better poet than if not paaaion; the ,North German ie confined by muaician. He writes his own libretti, and very rules, and unleaa acted upon by 80me peculiarity well; they merely need setting to music to be in the composer's character, ie pedantic. Melody excellent operas. The reforms he desires to intro- ie far more an object with South Germauy, thongh duce on the lyric stage are more connected with in, search of it they almost abandon the higher the libretto than with the partition. He has aims of music. Compare the fresh melody of succeeded in reforming the words, but another Mozart and Haydn in their aymphoniea with the ochool will be needed to reform hia music. For. correct but colder symphonies of Mendelaaohn; however many reforms music can bear, there is see how Beethoven was in8uenced by hia life in one it cannot bear, the omissiou of tune. Diffi· Vienna. Wagner ie almost univeraally ecouted in culty of comprehellBion ie but a elight impedi. South Germany. It ie in the North that hia ment to the SUCCOBB of a musiciau, 10 long as he influence prevails. Ria disciples would say with conceals it beneath melody. But when he deapiaea Voltaire : melody, and ie not to be understood, he appeals

, to that limited class whose appreciation is like St. Augustine's faith. Credo, quia impombile. is the original of Tadmire, because it ie un· intelligible.

Of Wagner'8 operas I have ouly a limited ac· quaintance 'with one, TannhlLuaer, at one time conBidererl his ultimatum, but now almost super. seded. Twice I have tried to hear thia opera;

C'eat dli Nord aujourd'hui que nODI vient Ia lllmi~re.

I only sat out one act. The overture was loudly applauded, not altogether undeaervedly. It has great faults; it is far too long, and the first part abounds in paaaagea that rend the ears, and Bend a grating shiver through a aellBitive frame; bllt towards the end there ie 80me melody and some good instrumentation. BItt at W ~ the singers

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seconded 10 cordially the wishes of the com· poeer by singing out of tune, even beyond the compoeer'. own eiforte, tbat it wae impOllible to stay longer than the first f..u of the curtain. &luth Germans would eay tbey only eang the parte ae they were written, and would refer to a caricature in which a leader of an orchestra at a reheareal of one of Wagner's operas was represented stopping suddenly and aeking for the partition.

" Give me your part," he eays to one of the instrumentalists. "There is some mistake. It is in tune!"

Wagner went to Paris last winter to try the taste of the Parisian public, which considers itself the most infallible judge of musical preteneione. To be sure, when the young Mozart went to Paris he did not meet with undivided approval. Wagner may lay thie flattering unction to hie lOul to com· peneate for hie failure. But how will he recon· cile him.eelf to the treatment he received from

Berlioz, on whose help he had relied, whom he had considered bis alec- tf/O, the Wagner of Paris, and from whom he received a most unflattering dreeaing in tbe /euukton of the "D6hats." That Beudo, the musical critic of the .. R6vue des Deux Mondes," an unllinching lover of old music, and the champion of Mozart, should attack an innovator, wae to be expected; but Berlioz, who had composed unintelligibility to its moat unintelligible development,-Berlioz, who had written heroic symphonies and obscured Beethoven,-if he de· serted the cause of Wagner, who would support it! This wae everybody's expectation, and to everybody's. 8urprise Berlioz took the oppor· tunity to disclaim all connection with Wagner and Wagnerism. And to a lady who laid to him, "But you, M. Berlioz, you ought to J.ike Wagner's music." he replied in hie /euiJkWfi, "Oui, madame, cOlllme j'aime ~ boire du vitriol, comme j'aime a manger de l'araenic."

E. W lLBBRJ'OBCS.

THE MEETING.

THII old coach·road tbro' a common of furze With knolls of pines, ran white :

Berries of autumn, witb thi8tles, and burn, And spider·threads, droopt in the light.

Tho ligbt in a tbiu blue yeil peer'd sick; The sheep grazed close and still ;

The amoke of a farm by a yelluw rick Curr d lazily under a hill.

No 111 shook the round of the 8i1Yer net; No insect the swif~ bird chased ;

Only two travellers moved and met AcrO$l ~hat bazy waste.

ODe was a girl with a babe that tbroYe, Her ruin and her bUsa ;

One .... as a youtb with a la"'lees 101'(', Who clft8pt it the more for this.

The ~irl for ber babe made prayerful speech; Tbe youth for his love did pray;

Eacb cast a wi8tful look on sa And either wcntJr!tI~,i ~~.,. oogI~. If.

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, POISON. TaollAS WOOILOW hu been acquitted by the

verdict of a Liverpool Jury. He was cwged with the murder of ADn .Tamee, by administering to her Ultimony in small dOll8ll, wherehy her death was hastened, if no' caUlled in the firet instance. This crime of poisoning is on the increase amongst; us, and we had beet look round and see what stepe we can take to enanre ourselves against the murderer who approaches the bed·aide of hia 'rictim as a h08band, as a wife, as a friend, Your burglar or highwayman is, by comparison, an hODee1; villain-a right gentle ruffian. He killa you with a bludgeon-yon kill him with a halter. He leviea war upon yon, and is ready to take the con· aequencea of defeat. When one thinks of Palmer and hia doings, Rush is almoat worthy of canoni· eation,-always, be it understood, with the mur· derer's doom as the firet stePJling,lItone to glory. The modern poisoner has diacardPCi the rough ageociea of hia earlier brethren. He treate you NCtUId,,,,, arlem, and gives you the benefit of the lateet discoveries in toxicology. He considers your oirc1Ull8tancea-your little peculiaritiel of conatitutWn-your habits, and then pa88eI hia arm under your own, and, with soft expreuion. of .ympatby and commiseration, blandly edges you into your grave. He knows that the buaineea in hand ia a ticklieh one. He ia playing a game of ch_with poiaona and antidote. for bia piecea-againlt Mr. Herapath .. f Bristol, and Dr. Alfred Taylor of Guy'. Hospital for hia adveraariei, and mult give them checlt·mat&-or Itale,mate at the least-under very sharp penaltiea in C&Ie of defeat, The two gentlemen named. are anppoaed to poI88BI lOme akill M the game.

When one comes to think out the detaila of tlleae crimee, it BeemI as though the mere bodily tonuree which the victim m08t undergo, form the _Ileat part of hia IUfFerings. He ia .trllck down apparently by diaeaae. and acqoi_ in bia infirmity .. the mere condition of mortality. We mut all part. 1"he laIt half·choked worda maat be epoken IOGner or later, 10 that in idle grief ~ ia no nle. That which alone can llnoth_ even whillt it aggravates-the pangs of thoee last few daya or hoUl"ll is the coDlcio08neea that thOle whom we have loved are around 08, and doing what they may to conjllre back the grim lpectre which ill .tanding at the bed-head, and claiming 111

.. ita own. Human affection iI immortal. and cannot pea away like a dream or a tale which ia told But what if a moment ahould come when, upon oompariaou made between the pangs of yeaterday Uld the paDgs of to·day, a hnrri<is08l'icion stings the brain aharply and venomoualy .. though a W1IIp had done it f .. la that a murderer's hand which, a few minute. back, .moothed the pilloW and the coverlid, and which is now wiping off the clammy moilture from my aching head. It ia the hUld which was preaaed in mine at the altar-it i. the haud which, over and over allain, exchRnged with mine the cordial grasp of manly friendship'*' _I My murderer iB waiting on me. In place of medicine they give me Death. In place of food they give me Death. I cannot breathe my lUI-

PIClODl, Ave in the ears of the perIOD. who is killing me. I am lying helpleaa in the midat of millions of my fellow-creaturea. who would ruah to my rescue, if they knew how hard I am beetead. U neier the window there is the measured. tread of the policeman, but I C&IIIlot call him to my help." SllCh things have been, although in moat _ there iI the doctor, and to him, at least, the doubt may be expreaaed-though the expreaaion is, for the moat part. deferred until it ia-tno late. ThOle aecret murderera are the moat merciful, who do their work quickly. If our relativea and friend. mult poison us, at least let them economiae su1fering, and not give 08 time to be aware of what they are about. One would williogly compromiae for a bollet through the head, or the quick, sharp atreak of the _aaain's knife.

ODe would suppose that Science was ever more powerfnl for good than for evil. The l&IIIe· akill which discovered fresh poisoDl, ahouId discover fresh antidotea--or at least, where the qperation of the poilOn is too quick, fresh teats, 10 as to render impunity well·nigh hope1eea. On the other hand, juriea do not like to hang scientifically, 10

to speak-that is, upon the hare teatimony of men of acience. They .. y that the discovery of to-day ia the error of to-morrow. No doubt miltakea have been made. Doubts have been exp~ if the ruling of Mr. Juatice Buller was correct in the famonslaurel-water case. It ia now admitted that the teIta employed. to ascertain the preaence of anenic, when Mary Blandy was arraigned. for the murder of her father, only proved. the presence of lOme innocuo08 IUbltauce with which the araenic was adulterated. The ~cienti6c Chymiat may make miatak_the Hangman makes none. All this is we enough; bllt juries are apt to lay an over Itreu upon it. Witn_ may bear falae te.timony. Circumltantial evidence may be wrongly interpreted. The Analytical Chymiat, at least, intends to be honeat; and the proce8l88 he employs are 1_ likely to reault in error, than onlinary I"8&IIOning upon ordinary event&. He stoJIII short, to he aure: hi. testimony only g088 to the extent of indicating the preeence or absence of the poison; and after that the question falla within the ICOpe of ordinary men. It ia not, however. very common in _ of poisoning, that any great doubt prevaill .. to whether poison was the cause of death: the real difficulty always is, .. Who gave it !" ThiB Liverpool inquiry was no exception to the O8ual rule. The victim's death was caused.-or at least her death was much accelerated by amall d0888 of antimony. 80 far, there ia no douht;. Nor in thiB case, as in that of Smethura, cpuld there be any hesitation as to the intention with which Thomas Winslow adminis· tered. the dru,-uppoaing thRt he administered it at all. There coultl be no idea oi 'l/Vlla prazil in thiI C&Ie. If Winslow put antimony at all in the poor woman's broths and potions, hiB intentiona were evil. One of the most alanning features in this _ is. thRt the poisoner had the diacretion to avoid all violent, or heroic effects, You could not .. y that Mre. James was poilOned on tbia day or that day in particular. She was afIlicted. with a IOmewhat aharp illneea, and the poisoner aaaieted

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the ailment by lowering her system, and dieabling ! escape detection, one may be very snTe that all , her powers of rt!8istance. The enemy was active considerations which may affect the murderer's , : enol1gh without the walls, and the traitor within eafety are fully taken into acceunt. Were the damped the powder of the derenders. How is : chances of acquittal· upon reasonably clear mthis form of inJ'nry to be met! It is idle to talk ' dence but slight, a poisoner would walk about for ' about the improbability that auy person could be I' some time with the autimony, or whatever it I' fouud capable of carrying out such wicked nell. might be, in his pocket, before ho would dare to II' People aTe found capable of carrying it out. By, use it. When, the chauces of acquittal are consilOme singular twist of the human mind or feelings ,'derable, of course precisely opposite results are I, they actually acquire a morbid taste for witn_ing l)rodnced. The poisoner, as m'l.tters stand, i. the elf'eet of their drugs upon their victima. The aware that independently of the natural reluctance 'Ihugs of India took a professional pride in their felt by jurors to convict upon a capital charge, work, and enjoyed a case of jndicious strangula- there is tho additional and still greater reluctance tion. So it was with the child·poiaoners of Easex to convict upon scientific evidence. He is lJer-a very few years ago: They would take the little fectly aware of this. It is a fact well known to creatures home, and pet them, and poison them- all persons who practise in our Criminal Conrts, giving them now a kias, aud now a little. arsenic. that the behaviour of the poisoner in the dock is It was the same thing in the Borgia day.-the very dilf'erent from that of any other prisoner who lame thing in thOle of BrinviIli8l'l. At a later is charged with murder. He is neither depresaed I date Madame Laffarge brought poisoned cakes nor elated-neither stolid nor rash in admiasion. , , into auch fashion in France that the position of a He knows that he is playing for hilI life, and plays I

French husband had its drawbacks. We may be the game out with his wits about him. Impress, astonished that Mias Madeline Smith did not find therefore, upon this class of offcnders that the more imitators; and theTe wall good re&IIOD for crime with which they stand charged is 10

fearing that Palmer might become the founder of heinoWl in the eyes of their fellow-creatnrea that a achool. Although they did not make aI many every elf'ort will be made to bring them to punish- ,: proselytes as might have been anticipated, it is ment, if their guilt is established, and you at griev011ll to be compelled to add that the crime of once deprive them of one strong iucentive to murdering by poison i, on the inerease, and that crime in this particular form-namely, the strong it is carried ont for the moat part in a way which probability of impunity. No one can read the makes detection difficult, if not impoasible. We evidence given Jut week before the Liverpool jury, hear of certain caaea-too many of them, indeed- and not feel considerable misgivings as to the pro· but the general opinion is, amongst those who priety of the verdict. It was clearly established have had the beat opportnnities of looking into that the death of the unfortlmate woman, Mrs. this matter, that a large proportion of murden by Ann James, was much accelerated by small doses poison are never heard of at all. It is better to of antimony. Her strength and ayatem were 10

look the truth boldly in the face. reduced by this treatment that she was unable to Now this method of attack upon the citadel of hold out as long as abe would otherwise have done.

life is 10 treacheroua, and 80 easily carried out, It was proved that the priaoner was accWltomed that all precautions you may take against it are to the use of antimony, and knew ita elf'eets. Aninaufficient. You may throw di81cultiea in the timony was traced into his poaseaaion. It; WaI way of procuring poison-you cannot wholly shown that he occasionally prepared food for the prevent the sale. You may establish a carefn! deceased, and that ahe was violently alf'ected after Iyatem of registration on death, and require certi- partaking of food prepared by his hand. In partificatea as to the cause of it in every -. but cular, there was a cup of sago which Thomal these precaution I are constantly evaded.. Some- Winslow had prepared and placed at the bedthing more might JIOIIIIibly be done in either cue; side of M1'I. Jamea in which antimony was but when all is done we have only checked, not found. He had a strong interest in her death, rooted out, the evil. Another point of very con- in_uch as by a will she made dnring her ill. I,: aiderable importance would be if juriea were a neas, Townsend was left her IOle execntor, and he little more alive to the extent of the evil, and alone knew of certain property which ahe had in would reaolve to do their duty with unusual the Savings' Bank, and in gas shares. Antimony ',I aeverity whenever the crime of poisoning was wall found in what puaed from the poor woman's I'! in question. They seem to do the very reverse, body during life, . and antimony was found in the and to reserve all their indecision and all their body after death. Nor can it be said that anything relnctance to incnr responsibility for the cues like grave auapicion l'8IIted upon any other penon, in which they should be moat decided, and who had aoceas to her bed·side during her Jut illleut disposed to tamper with the obligations nell. Townsend, indeed, endeavours to cast IDS-of their office. It ia very JIOIIIIible that the fear picion upon her niece, one Jane Caffarata, and her of consequences, and the apprehension of death hWlband; but the method of his 80 doing, only are not very powerful agencies for the prevention served to fix suspicion more heavily on himself. of crime which arises from the play of violent It; would be well that jurors should reflect npon puaion, or the preaure of extreme poverty. A the coneequencea of their acta, before they allow man in a frenzy of excitement, or one who is, this crime of poisoning to go unpunished, if for no driven desperate by destitution is very aptto leave, other reuon than this, that the poiaoner is seldom results to chance. Not 10 with the poisoner. He, I or never a man of a single crime. It seems to be or abe, pre· eminently calculates consequencee., a Jaw of mental pathology, that when you have When auch marvellous precautions aTe taken to . poiaoned one penon, you poiaoJ4eVeral. 1 Where

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kPr. I, l88O.] LAST WEEK. 2'19 I

there is not mucn chance of detection, and Btill upon for her defence, in effect pleaded .on a88ault 1_ probability of conviction when you are de. demune, and moUiter manU8. It appeared that tected, it seems 80 easy to get rid in this manner Ruth, just before the commission of the offence, of anyone who may stand in your way. Thomas was engaged in the lawful and praiseworthy accu· Winslow, after he was discharged upon the indict· pation of collecting dung in a basket. Bessy, ment, was again taken into cuatody upon another being of malicious mind, and intending to obstruct chaTge of poisoning. It is said tbat three other her, Ruth, in the course of her bll8ine8ll, eame up members of Mrs. Jamee's family have died within and kicked ber basket about. In point of fact, the last year from the effects of antimony. He Bessy was the original assailant. Whereupon, is deecribed as a small, thin, under sized man, of Ruth, being moved to anger, .. hit her twice with mean appeal'ance. His head is small, his hair her hand,"-it is to be presumed, slapped her. dark. There is intelligence in his face, but yet There was no evidence forthcoming to show tbat more cunning than intelligence. Hill forehead is Ruth's statement was untrue in any respect, or at low, his under lip projects. He is about forty all over·coloured. Hereupon hill Worship the years of age. It ill said that he was very "fidg. Mayor, admitting that the Case wu a trivial one etty" during hill trial. -in which reepect he was perfectly right-

Of course it may well be, that the effect pro· decided that, u an _ault had been committed, duced upon the minds of the spectators, who had the prisoner must pay a fine of lixpence, with ten an opportunity of watching the demeanour of the &hilling. costs. In default of payment, ehe must witneeses, may be different from that derived from be imprisoned for ten daye. Rnth's mother a mere penual of the l.rinted reports of the evi· hoped the Mayor would send the child to prison dence. Few persons who merely read the evi. at once, for work was 10 bad, that it would be dence, will doubt that the Liverpool jury might impouible for her to pay the amount. The have weighed the matter a little more carefully Mayor, in meroy, informed her that fourteen days before bri~ging in a verdict of Not Guilty, in the were allowed her to pay the fine, but at the case of TBolUS WL>rSLOW, indicted for the murder expiration of that period the child must go to of Ann Jamee, by poillon. prison if it was unpaid. The fourteen days

JUSTlClt'S J1781'ICB. have not yet run out, but it is to be hoped, SURELY Dogberry resides in tbe green county in the name of common humanity and common

of Hertford. Perbaps he is mayor of 8t. Albans. sense, that lOme one in St. .Alball8 has paid The peculiarity about the Dogberry system of the fine, and liberated the child from the administering justice oonaists in thill, that it pro· danger of being sent to prison. Her whole life ceede upon reasonably correct inferences from would, in all probability, be vitiated if ehe were imperfect or muddled premises. It is right as half sent to a gaol. She would be marked for ridicule a story is right. It hold8 water like an Irish bull. and contempt amongst children of her own age, Granted that all that was paesing in the justice's and it is not very likely that ahe would ever 10IC

mind were true, and that nothing e1ae were true, the style and title of a gaol.bird. It is a very the Dogberry deciaiona would do well enough. seriOUl thing to send a child to prison, and to give Here is a case in point. Quite recently a little a wrong bias to a whole life. Reformatories and girl about twelve years of age named Ruth Harri· Industrial Schools are admirable inBtitutiona, but eon was charged with an assault upon Elizabeth they are intended for a very different cl&8ll of Kirby, a child about five yaars old. The whole children. If a child within the appointed limits of aiFair wu a squabble amongst children. The first age has been guilty of any offence which brings witness called was a certain Mrs. Elizabeth Biggs, him or her within the grasp of the law_d it is who depoeed that about five o'clock in the evening clear that the parents are unable to give the child ahe was aitting in her honae in Sopwell Lane, in such a training as will oanae it to abstain from the good town of 8t. .Albana, when she heard arime - the Reformatory is a pl_ of refuge, lIOme children crying. The good woman went rather than of punishment. 80 of the Industrial out. when a little girl named Jane Lambeth told School, where the cbild ill proved to be a mere her that a little girl named Ruth Harrison had vagrant-. little Bedouin of the streets. The been beating a Btill smaller girl named Elizabeth Indu8trial School may, and probably will, prove its Kirby. Jane was eight years old. Ruth was IIIIlvation. It is strange that th_ grown men about twelve years old. Elizabeth waa five years who, as a mayor and magistrates, must be pre· old. Hereupon the truculent, excited, and ineau. aumed to be persona of ordinary intelligence, could tiona Ruth made tbe admiaaion in the presence of have arrived at luch a decision. Suppoaing one the witness that ahe had Ilapped Elizabeth, and, school·boy to hit another a box on the ear, wonld 80 far from feeling any repentanoe for her offence, they really treat that as an offence against the ahe was prepared to do it again. Jane wu present. criminal law! Where offenders are of a certsin Jane stated to the Worshipful the Mayor of 8t. age, punishment is best left in the handa of the .Alban., and to hill two yoke.felloWl of justice, that achoo1master or parent. about.ix P.M. on the previona afternoon she, Jeuny, THE WJBB MU 011' TBlt BAft. being engaged. in her own lawful affairs, waa in b the attention of Europe were not· 80 wholly Sopwell Lane. She there witneued the outrage directed to the turn which affairs are taking in which was the aubject of contention before the Italy. this sad business in 8yria would be more Coun. Ruth had hit Bessy a crack with her fiat thought of and discusaed. The aasaaeinationa com· upon the back. Jane then went in-dool'll, bllt on mitted by the Sepoys during the Indian mutiny, coming out, abe was greatJy pained at witnesaing however horrible and ahocking to Englishmen, as a Jepetition of the offence. Ruth being called our own oountrywomen and countrymen were

ONCE A. WEEK. [Sarr. 1. 1880.

the victims, were comparatively trifling when contraated with the who1eaale maua.crea of Syria. Whole towns have been laid waste; in othel'8, the Clui.tian quarters have been turned into a mere .bambles. Men have been murdered in cold blood after they bad been persuaded to give up their anna, by hundred8,-ay, by thouaands. Children have been slain u the ruftiana of the Indian Bazaar .lew them recently, or u the IOldiera of the Duke of Alva Blew them in by. gone daya. Of the fate of the wretched women, one would rather Dot think, Ave in 80 far u the exertiona of the European Powera may avail to liberate the 1I1U'viVOl'8 from the handa of their brutal oaptol'8. Many, indeed, escaped: but the fuhion of their eIIOBpe seemB to have been but a lingering form of death. Here is a picture drawn by the intelligent hand of the gentleman who baa been deputed to report from theapot to the "Times" upon the.tate of aft'aira in Syria. He wu preaent at Beyrollt when the refugees of Damllllcus arrived there. There wu a column, mainly of women and children, compoaed of from 2000 to 3400 lOula. " They were widows and orphana, whoae huabanda, f&thera, and brethren had all been slain before their eyes, with every indignity and orllelty the mOlt barbarous fanaticiam could devise, and whoae moat oomely maidens bad been BOld to gratify the brutal lust of filthy Arabs." The Syrian sky _ glowing like brau. The fugitives were parched with thirat, choked with dust, afIlicted with ophthalmia, covered with flies. Here a poor creature wu overtaken in labour; there, another fell down dead. Little children .trove, and strove in vain, to draw nourishment from breuta which could IUpplynone. Old men and women aank down ·exhauated, and when water wu brought to them at laat, their strength _ 80 far gone that they could not each out their hand. to take the cup. The

prevailing character of this mournful company, however, wu apathy. Man had done his worst upon them,-the well of teara wu dried up. Where they fell-there they lay. The BDrviVOll

ataggered on, glaring before them with glauy eyes, and bad no pity for anyone, neither bad anyone pity for them.

How baa all this crime oome about! What is the meaning of .this active antagonism, which excites the followel;ll of Mahommed to try concluaions in 80 aanguinary a way with the followel'8 of Chri.t ! There is a kind of mental epidemio which aeemB to have aeized upon the Eaatern world. n broke out in [ndia. There is now little reuon to doubt that the Mahommedan. were at the head of the Indian mutiny-the Sepoy&, mainly recruited from Oude, were but the raw material in their hands. At Djedda it _ the Ame thing ;-now this horrible tragedy baa taken place in Syria. We hear that WeBB vigoroUB m8llllures of precaution be taken, 8imilar occurrencea may be expected in other provincea of the Turkish empire. We are very apt to exaggerate the degree of enlightenment of these Eastern natioIlll, and to attribute to them intelligence, if not like our own, at lellllt differiug from ouI'8 rather in kind than in degree. It; is not that we have deliberately arrived at this concillaion; for, in point of fact, if we reflect for a moment,

upon the courae of eventa, and the gradual d __ denee of these Eattern. nationa, it is olear enough that for centuries past human intelli~enee moat have been on the decline among them. The Western European will, however, scarcely be prepared to admit the depth of their deluaions. Evidence upon this point can only be furnished by thOle who have dwelt amongat them, aud become familiar with their real feelings aud opinions. Now it 80 happens that a French miaaiouary who wu at D&ma8CU8 previoua to the musacre, and probably at the time it occurred, and who baa epent many years of his life amongat thoae Eutern 'I' tribes, baa thrown a little light upon this obscure ! J

matter. M. Jules Ferrette baa ad.lreseed a long Ii letter to the "Revue des Deux Mondes," which I~ baa been published in the number for the 15th 11 of Auguat. He tells us that during the Sepoy mutiny there wu imminent danger that the I IIlII8SIIcres which have jUBt now taken place in ' Syria might have ocourred. The Syrian tribes believed that the Mahommedana of India , bad invaded the British frontier and had pillaged 1

~~::i~-~~d~ve~::':;~~~t~ an~~ Ii refuge at Conatantinople. Russia wu uking II for their extradition. in order to inflict upon them condign puniabment for recent traUI&C- 'I tiona in the Crimea. The Sultan, however, ! could not readily be moved to grant the humble ' petition of the RUBBian Emperor, beoauae,it bad been represen~ to him that Dot loug ainee, when the Ruuiana were trollbleaome, the British Queen bad displayed great alacrity in Bending an -1' " and a fleet to the -u.tance of the lawful .uzerain at Conatantinople. For this I8rvice, and for similar aerviceB, Queen Viotoria, the French Emperor, and the King of Sardinia bad been relieved for the space of three years from the neoeaaity of payinl{ the t.ribute which is due from all infidel !: VUlals to the Commander of the Faithfl!1. Opiniona were divided in Syria u to the 1

policy of this act of clemenoy, but the inclination of Syrian judgment _ &Ilainet the II COUI'88 taken by Abdul Medjid. All the 18Il0ta, all the men whom we should deaoribe u II earneat II politician.,.. thought that the Sultan bad made a mistake, and that the moment bad arrived for II utterly exterminating the Infldels_ven u it bad been done in India. The bombardment of Djedda occurred at a very opportune moment, and lOmewhat modified the tone of public opinion. It , muat alao be remembered that, on their aide. einee i the Crimean War, the Cbrietian population in the .1 Turkish proVu.ces have been looking up. They \:i have out uide the black turban., and the sad-coloured raiment which bad been worn by their forefathent, even u oar own Quakera &1'8 I:, discarding their peculiar hate and coats, though for very different _na. ChriBtian women-and I this leems to have filled up the onp of their offence-have actually appeared in troWll8I'8 of I'

green ailk-green. the very colour of the Prophet's standard I Again, the Christian populat.ion gene- \' rally, taking advantage of the recent oonCelllion : extorted from the Silltan, have rerused to pay money in lieu of military I8rvice. Theae gr;.evanoea I have tried the patience of the Wise .Men of the East.

DiJiiliepli1 j Google .-'

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EVAN HARRlNGTON; OB, HE WOULD BE A GENTLEMAN. 281

EVAN HARRINGTON; OR, HE WOULD BE A GENTLEMAN. B1" GmBO. JDRlIDlTIL

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CIlAP'l'D XL. IN WHICH THB COUNTESS STILL BC:INT8 OAlnl.

MlL JOHN RA.IKl!S and his friend Frank Remand, lIIl"Il&Dled Franco, to suit the requirements of metre, m which they habitually conversed, were walkiDg arm·in·arm along the drive in Society's Park on a tine froety Sunday afternoon of mid·

. winter. The quips and jokea of Franco were lively, and he looked into the carriagea p&8ling, as if he knew that a cheerful countenance is not without charms for their inmates. Jack', face, on the contrary, was barren and bleak. Being of that nature that when a pun wae made he mllBt perforee ontstrip it, he fell into Franco's humour from time to time, but albeit aware that what he uttered WIll good, and by comparison transcendent, he refll8ed to enjoy it. Nor when Franco etarted from his arm to declaim a P&8l&g8, did he do other than make limp efforts to unite himeelf

to Franco again. A further lign of immense depression in him was that instead of the creative, it was the critical faculty he exercised, and rather than reply to Franco in his form of speech, he acanned occasional linea and objected to particular phrases. He had clearly exchanged the sanguine for the bilious temperament, and was fast strand· ing on the rocky shores of prose. Franco bore this very well, for he, like Jack in happier days, claimed all the glance, of lovely woman as his own, and on his right there flowed a stream of beauties. At last he was compelled to observe: .. This change is sudden : wherefore 80 downcast? With tigrine claw thou mangIest my speech, thy cheeks are like Decembt!r's pippin, and thy tongue most sour!"

.. Then of it make a farce !" said Jack, for the making of farces was Franco', profession.

.. Wherefore 80 downcast! W at a line I Digitized by ~OOQ e

282 ONCE A WEEK. [8 .... 8, IINIO.

There! let's walk on. Let us the left foot forward 1nefTabie disdain curled ofT her sweet olive visage. 8tout advance. I care not for the herd." She turned her head. I'

II 'Tis love I" cried Franco. , .. I'll go down to that girl to-night,~' SAid Jack, .. Ay, an' it be!" Jack gloomily returned. : with compreaaed passion. And then he hnrried .. For evor cnl01 is the sweet Saldar!" : Franco along to the bridge, where, behold, the Jack winced at this name. I Countess alighted with the gentleman, and walked " A truce to banter, Franco!" he said sternly: beside him into the gardena.

but the subject was opened, and the wound. I" Follow her," said Jack, in agitation. "Do .. Love!" he pursuoo, mildly groaning. .. Sup- I you sce her? by yon long-tailed raven's side!

pose you adored a flBCinating woman, and she Follow her, Franco I See if he kisses her handknew-positi-vely knew-your manly weakness, I anything! and meot me hel'e in half an hour. I

and you saw her smiling upon everybody, and Ihtr: I'll havc evidence! " told you to be happy, and cgad, when you ClIme I Franco did not altogether like the office, but to redect, you found that after three months'suit, Jack's dinners, singular luck, and superiority in you were nothing 1>4!tter than her errand·boy? A I the encounter of puns, gave him the upper hand thing to boast of, is it not, quotha 1" I with his friend, and so Franco wcnt. •

.. Love's yellow .. fever, jealousy, methinks,": Turning away from the last glimpse of bis Franco commenced jn reply; but Jack spat at the CounteRS, Jack croBBed the bridge, and had not I

emphasised word. I strolled far beneath the bare brauehe., of one of .. Jealousy I-who's jealom of clergymen and,' the long green walks, when he perceived a gentle. I'

that crew! Not I, by Pluto! I carried five Dian with two ladies leaning on him. !: messages to one fellow with a coat-tail straight "Now, there," moralised Jack; "now, what ' to his heels, last week. Sbe thought I should I do you say to that? Do you call that fair! lie drive my curricl&-I couldn't afTonl an omnibm! can't be happy, and it's not in nature for tMm to I had to run. When I returned to her I was be satisfien. And yet, if I went up and attempted i: dh·ty. She made remarks!" to please them all by taking one away, the proba. I

•• Thy sufferings are scvcre.-but sllch is bilities are tbat he woul(l knock me down. Such womAn!" said, Franco. .. 'Gad, it's a good idea, is life! We WOIL't be made comfortahle ! " . though." He took out A note· book and pencilled Nevertheless, he passed them with inrliffercnce, a point or two. Jack wAtehed the proceBB aar- for it was merely the principle he objected to ; dOllically. and, indeed, he was so wrapped in his own con·

"My tragedy is, then, thy farce !" he exclaimed. ceptions, that his name had to be called behind .. Well, be it so ! I believe I shall come to song- him twice before he recognised Evan Barrington, writing Again myself shortly-beneath the shield :Mrs. Strike, and Miss Bonner. The arrangement of Catnach I'll a. nAtion's ballil.d's frame! I've spent he had previously thought good, was then llponmy incom&-er, as you grossly call it-my tincome, taneously arlol'ted. Mrs. Strike reposed her fair ha I ha! ill four months, and now I'm living on hand upon Jack's arm, and Juliana., with a timid I', my curricle. I underlet it. It's like trade-it's glance of pleasure, walked ahead in Evan's charge. as bad as poor old Harrington, Ly Jove! But Vlose neighbourhood between the couples was not !,I, that isn't the worst. Franco I" Jack dropped his i kelJt. The genius of Mr .. John Raikes was wasted voice: .. I believe I'm furiomly loved by a poor in manceuvrea to lead bis beautiful companion into I

country wench." places where he could be seen with her, and .. Morals I" was Franco's most encouraging envied. It was, perhAps, more flattering that she I

reproof. should betray a marked disposition to prefer .. Oh, I don't think I've even kissed her," reo solitude in bis society. But this idea illwnined II

joined Jack, who doubted because his imagination him only to'w'ards the moment of parting. Then ; was vivid. "It'. my intellect that dazzles her. he saw it; then he groaned in soul, and besought I I've got letters-she calla me clever. By jingo! Evan to have one more promenade, saying, with : since I gave up driving I've had thollghts of characteristic cleverness in the mRllking of his I rushing down to her and making her mine in real thooghts: co It gives us an appetite, you 'I spite of home, family, fortnne, friends, name, I know." 'I position-everything ! I have, indeed_" ; In Evan's face And Juliana's there was not

Franco looked naturaIly astonished at this much ~ign that any protraction of their walk amount of self·sacrifice. .. The Countess!" hc: together would aid this beneficent process of , shrewdly suggested. I na~ure .. ~e took her hand gently, and when he .j

co r.> h be P 11' . ' qUlttelllt, It dropped. Ii "rat er my 0, y a Pl'lDCI!" I" The Rose, the Rose of Beckley Court!" Jack I,

Than yon great lady a errand·boy I , 1 d .. Wh this· d f t' I!'~ I sang a ou . y, 18 a ay 0 mee loge.

Jack burst into song. Behold John Thomas in the rear-a. tower of plnah He stretched out his hand, as ·if to discard all : and powder! Shall I ruah_hall I pluck her from I:~,

the great ladies who were p&BBing. By the • ths aged stem !" Btrangeat misfortune ever known, the direction I On the gravel·walk above them Rose passed taken by his fingers was toward. a carriage' with her aristocratic grandmother, muflled in flll'8. I wherein, beautifully smiling opposite an elaborately I She marehed deliberately, looking coldly before reverend gentleman of middle age, the Counte88 her. E"an', face was white. and Juliana, whose de Saldar was sitting. This great lady is not to eyes were fixed on him, shuddered. be blamed for deeming that her erralld-boy was : .. rm chilled," she murmured. to Caroline. "Let; llOinting her out vulgarly on a public promenade. , \l8 go. "

Di itized b Goo Ie

SOT. 8, 1880.] EVAN HARRINGTON; 0., lIE WOULD BE A. GENTLEMAN. 283

Caroline eyed Evan with a meaning u.dnesa. . shamefully maltreated: that here she would live, " We will hurry to our carriage," ahe said. " I while there ahe would certaiuly die: that absence

will write." of excitement was her medicine, and that here she They were seen to make a little circuit so as had it. Mrs. Andrew" feeling herself responsible

not to approach Rose; after whom, thoughtlesa of I as the yOllJlg lady's hostess, did not acquiesce in his cruelty, Evan bent his steps slowly, halting the Countess's views till ahe had conaulted Juli· when she reached her carriage. He believed- ana; and then apologies for giving trouble were rather, he knew that she had seen him. There was I breathed on the one hand; sympathy, condolences, a cODBciousness in the composed outlines of her , and professions of esteem, on the other. Juliana face as sbe passed: tbe indifference was too per· I said, she was but sligbtly ill, would soon recover: feet. Let her hate him, if she pleased. It reco~ entreated not to leave them before she was peused him that the air she wore should make ber I thoroughly re-eatablished, and to consent to be appearance more womanly; and that black dress I looked on as one of the family, she sighed, and and crape· bonnet, in lome way, touched him to I said, it was the utmost ahe could hope. Of course mournful thoughts of her that belped a partial for· the ladies took this compliment to themllelves, but

Ii getfu1nesa of wounded self. I Evan began to wax in importance. The Countess Rose had driven of. He was looking at the thought it nearly time to acknowledge him, and

same spot where Caroline's hand waved from her IIUpported tbe idea by a citation of the doc. carriage. Juliana was not seen. Caroline reo trine, that to forgive is Christian. It happened, quested her to nod to bim once, but she would however, that Harriet, who had lesa art and more not. She leaned back hiding ber eyes, and moving I will than her sisten, was intlexible. She, living in a petulant shoulder at Caroline's band. a society but a ,few steps above Tailordom, how·

"Has he offended you, my child! " ever magnificent in expenditure aud reaouroes, Juliana answered harahly : abhorred it solemnly. From motives of prudence, " No-no." ,as well as personal disgust, ahe continued firm in " Are my hopes false !" asked the mellow voice. declining to receive her brother. She would not No reply was heard. The wheels rolled on, relent when tbe Countess pointed 'Out a dim, a

and Caroline tried other aubjects, knowing possibly dazzling, prospect, growing out of Evan's proximity that they would lead Juliana back to this of her ~ to the heiress of Beckley Court; sbe was not to be own accord. 'I moved when Caroline luggested that the apecific

"You saw how ahe treated him!" the latter for the frail invalid was Evan's presence. As to presently said, without moving her hand from be· this, Juliana was sufficiently open, though, as she fore her eyes. conceived, her art was extreme.

"Yes, dear. He forgives her, and will "Do you know why I stay to vex and trouble forget it." you!" she asked Caroline. " Well, then, it is

.. Oh ! " she clenched her long thin band, .. I that I may see your brother united to you all : pray that I may not die before I have made her and tMn I ahall go happy." repent it. Sbe shall! " The pretext served also to make him the aubjec

Juliana looked glitteringly in Caroline's face, of many convenmtions. Twice a week a bunch of and then fell a.weeping, 'and suffered herself to the best 1I0wers that could be got were sorted be folded and caresaed. The storm was long and arranged by ber, and sent namelesaly to aubsiding. brigbten Evan's cbamber .

.. Dearest I you are better now!" said Caro- .. I may do such a ,thing as this, you know, line. without incurring blame," sbe said.

She whispered: .. Yea. " The sight of a love 80 humble in ita atrength and .. My brotber haa only to know you, dear---" a.1Iiuence, sent Caroline to Evan on a fruitlesa .. Hush! That's past." Juliana stopped her; errand. What availed it that, accuaed of giving

and, on a deep breath that threatened to break to lead to bis pride in refusing the heiress, Evan sobs, she added in a sweeter voice than was ahould declare that he did not love her! He did common to her. "Ah, why-why did you tell him not, Caroline admitted as possible, but he might. about tbe Beckley property! " He might learn to love her. and therefore he was

Caroline vainly strove to deny that she had told , wrong in wounding her heart. She related 1Ia.tter· him. Juliana's head shook mournfully at ber; ! ing anecdotes. She drew tearful pictures of Ju. and DOW Caroline knew what Juliana meant: liana's love for him; and noticini how be seemed when IIhe begged ao earnestly that Evan sbould be to prize his bonquet of 1I.0wers, said : kept ignorant of her change of fortune. 1" Do you love them for themselves, or the hand

that sent them!" Some days after this the cold struck Juliana'a Evan blusbed, for it had been a struggle for

cheat, and ahe aickened. The three sisters held a I him to receive them, as he thought, from Rose in sitting to consider what it was beat to do with her. secret. The 1I.0wers lost their value; the song Caroline proposed to take her to Beckley without I that had arisen out of them, .. Thou livest in my delay. Harriet was of opinion that the least they memory," ceaAed. But they came still How could do was to write to her relations and make I many degrees from love gratitude may be, I have them instantly aware of her condition. not reckoned. I rather fear it lies on the oppo.

But the Countess said, .. No," to both. Her ar· site ahore. From a youth to a girl, it may yet be gament was, that Juliana being independent, they very tender; the more so, because their ages com· 'Were by no means bound to "bundle" her, in her monly exclude such a sentiment, and nature seems &tate, back to a place where ahe had been so willing to make a tranBjtien I of it. Evan

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284 ONCE A WEEK. [allPl'. 8, 11(10.

wrote to Juliana. Incidentally he expreued a I needfulsub8tance which a young gentleman feel8 I wish to Bee her. JaliaDa was under doctor's in· : the want of in London more than elsewhere, , terdict: but ahe wee not to be prevented from , Barry began to have thoughts of hie own, with· I going when Evan wished her to go. They met in i out any instigation from his aunt&, about de- ' the park. as before, and he talked to her five voting himself to bUBin-. So he sent his card I minutes through the carriage window. : up to his cousin, and was graciously met in the

.. Was it worth the riak, my poor·child!" said I drawing. room by the Countess, who ruftled him II Caroline, pityingly. ,and amoothed him. and would poasibly have

JaliaDa cried: ... Oh I I would give anything to I distracted his lOul from buain_ had his eir· ! I live I " 'cumstancell been 1_ straitened. J aliaDa WIllI

A man might have thought that ahe made no i declared to be too unwell to Bee him that day. II'.' direct answer. I Be called a second time, and enjoyed a similar

.. Don't you think I am patient! Don't you I greeting. Hie third viait pl'OClU'ed him an audio think I am ""II patient!" she asked Caroline, ence alone with Juliana, when, at once, deapite I,i,' winningly, on their way home. the warnings of his aunts, the frank fellow

Caroline could acarcely forbear from smiling at i plunged into mtdial f'U. Mrs. Bonner had left him the feveriab anxiety al:<> showed for a reply that I totally dependent on his parents and his chances. 'I

should confirm her WOroll and hopes. , "A desperate state of things, ien't it. Juley! I ' .. So we must all be I" she said, and that com· I think I ahall go for a IOldier - common, you I"

mon·place remark caused Juliana to exclaim:: know." "Prisoners have lived in a dtmgeon, on bread and' Instead of shrieking out against such a de. Ii

! I' water, for years ! " j basement of hia worth and gentility, as was to be I Whereat Caroline kissed her 80 very tenderly , expected, Juliana aaid :

that Juliana tried to look surprised, and failing,' .. That's what Mr. Barrington thought of her thin lips quivered; ahe breathed a 80ft "hush," I doing.'1 I and fell on Caroline's bosom. .. He! If he'd had the pluck he would." ,I

She wee transparent el)otlgh in one thing; but I .. His duty forbade it. and he did not." the flame which burned within her did not light " Duty I a confounded tailo!' ! What fools we her through. Othere, on other mattere, were quite were to have him at Beckley! " as transparent to her. Caroline never knew that "Has the Countess been unkind to you, ahe had as much &8 told her the moral suicide Barry ! " Evan had committed at Beckley; 80 cunningly .. I havu't Been her to.day, and ,don't want had she been probed at intervals with little to. It's my little dear old Juley I came for." C&BUaI. queations; random interjections, that one " Dear Harry I" she thanked him with eyea and who loved him could not fail to meet; petty handL "Come often, won't you! " I' doubts requiring elucidationL And the Countess, .. Why, ain't you coming back to UB, J uley ? .. , ! kind &8 her sentiments had grown towards the II Not yet. They are very kind to me here. I

aftlicted creature, was compelled to proclaim her Bow is Rose 1 " , I densely stupid in material affaire. For the .. Oh, quite jolly. She and Ferdinand are thick I. Countess had an iteh of the simplest fcminine again. :&lis every night. She dances like the I; curiosity to know whether the dear chilel had deuce. They want me to go; but I ain't the lort ,I any notion of accompliabing a certain holy duty of figure for those places, and besides, I shan't I

of the perishable on this earth, who might possess dance till I can lead you out." i! worldly goods; and no hints - not even plain A spur of laughter at Barry's generous nod , ' speaking, would do. Juliana did not understand brought on Juliana's cough. Harry watched her !: her at Iill. little body shaken and her reddened eyes. Some

, The Coun~ exhibited a mourning.ring on realemotion-perhapsthefearwhichhealthyyoung

I her finger, Mrs. Bonner's bequeat to her. people experience at the Bight of deadly diaease"Bow fervent ie my gratitude to my excel· made Harry touch her arm with the IOftness of a

lent departed friend for this! A legacy, how· child's touch." ·1

I ever trifling, embalms our dear lost onea in the I .. Don't be alarmed, Barry," she said. "It's . memory I " notbing~nly winter. I'm determined to get

It was of DO avail. Juliana continued deDlely l well. It I: j!'1 stupid. Was ahe not worse 1 The Counteas could .. That's right." quoth he, recovering. "I know i. ;

not. .. in decency," as she observed, reveal to her you've got pluck, or you wouldn't have stood that who had prompted Mrs. Bonner 10 to bequeath operation." I the Beckley eatstes as to" eusure sweet Juliana's .. Let me see: when was that 1" she asked '1'·\

il future;" but ought not Juliana to divine it!- slyly.

II Juliana at least had hints au1Iicient. I Harry coloured, for it related to a time when I!: I he had not behaved prettily to her. I Cold spring winds were now blowing. Juliana ,. There, J uley, that's all forgotten. I wee a

had resided no 1l1li that two months with the I fool-a scoundrel, if you like. I'm lOrry for it II 1 Cogglesbys. She was entreated still to remain, now. " I and ahe did. From Lady Jocelyn sbe heard not "Do you want money, Barry 1" I;:

\ a word of remonstrance; but from Mia Carring. II Oh, money! " ton and Mrs. Shome ahe received admouiabing " Have you repaid Mr. Harrington yet! " letters. Finally, Mr. Harry Jocelyn presented "There-no, I haven't. Bother it! thatfellow's I himself. In London, and without any of that name's always on y~iM'JOO}Q~t~ what, I

BEPr. 8, l&eO.] MORBrn MEMORY. 285

Juley-but it's no n.ae. He's It. low, vulgar ad· venturer."

•• Dear Harry," laid Juliana, aoftly; ., don't bring your aunts with you wben you come to see me."

i .. Well, then, I'll tell you, Juley. It'. enough , that he's a beastly tailor." I .. Quite enough," she responded. .. And he is , neither a fool nor a .coundrel." I ! Harry's memory for his own speech waa not I quick. When Juliana's calm glance at him called

it up, he jumped from his chair, orying: "Upon my honour, I'll tell you what, Juley! If I had money to pay him to·morrow, I'd inault him. on thelPOt."

Juliana meditated, and laid: .. Then all your

'

friends mud wiIh you to oontinue poor." This girl had once been on her kneel to him.

She had looked up to him with· admiring love, and he had given her a crumb or ao occaaionally,

I thinking her aomething of a fool, and more of a • . peat; but now he could not aay a word to her

without being ba.ftled in an elder.Biaterly tone that exasperated him ao far that he poeitively wished

I to marry her, and coming to the point, ofFered him.aelf with downright lineerity, and waa rejected. Harry left in a p&lllJion. Juliana' confided the aeeret to Caroline. who suggested interested mo· tivea, which Juliana would not hear of.

" Ah," laid the Counteea, when Caroline men· I tioned the 0&88 to her, "of course the ptIor thing

.\', oherishes her first ofFer. Sbe would believe a

curate to be disinterested I But mind that Evan baa due warning when she is to meet him. Mind

, that he is dreaaed becomingly." Caroline aaked why. "Becauae, my dear, she is enamoured of his

person. These little unhealthy creatures are always attracted by the person. She thinks it to be Evan's qualities. I know better: it is his person. Beckley Court may be lost by a shabby coat! "

The Counte .. had recovered from certain api. ritua11anguol'l into which ahe had fallen after her retreat. Ultimate victory hung still in the balanoe. Oh! if Evan would only marry this little sufFerer, who was' 110 sure to die within a year! or, if ahe

I lived (for marriage has often been aa a resurrection to some poor female invalids), there was Beckley

I Court,. splendid basis for future achievements. Befl.ecting in this fashion, the Countess pardoned her brother. Glowing hopes hung fresh lamps in I her charitable breaat. She stepped acroaa tbe

I threshold of Tailordom, won Mr. Goren'. heart . by her condescension, and worked Evan into a

I aorrowful mood concerning tbe invalid. Was not I Juliana his only active friend? In return, he

laid things which only required a little colouring

She knew Evan to be innocent, aud she allowed Rose to think him guilty. Could ahe bring her heart to join them? That was not in her power: but desiring to be lulled by a compromise, she devoted hel'l8lf to make his relatives receive him ; and on days of bitter winds she would drive out to meet him, answering all expostulations with". I should not go if he were here."

The game waxed hot. It became a question wbether Evan should be admitted to the house in spite of the Major. Juliana now made an extraordinary move. Having the Count with her in the carriage one day, she stopped in front of Mr. Goren's shop, and Evan had to come out. The Count returned home extremely mystified. Once more the unhappy Countess waa obliged to draw bills on the fabulous; and &8 she had recommenced the system, which W88 not without its fascinations to her, Juliana, who had touched the spring, had the full henefit of it. The Countess had deceived her before-what of that? Sbe 8poke things 8weet to hear. Who oould be false that gave her heart food on which it lived 1

One night Juliana returned from her. drive alarmingly ilL She waa watched through the night by Caroline and the Countess alternately. In the morning the Biaters met.

" She haa consented to let DB send for a doctor, " laid Caroline.

• II Her ohief desire seems to be a lawyer," said the Counteu.

.. Yes, but the doctor must be Bent for first."

.. Yea, indeed I But it behoves us to previae that the doctor does not kill her before the lawyer comes."

Caroline looked at Louisa, and laid: .. Are YOD

ignorant!" II No-what 1" cried the Countess eagerly. .. Evan has written to tell Lady Jocelyn the

state of her health, and-" "And tbat naturally has aggravated her

malady !.. The Countess cramped her long fingel'l. "The child heard it from him. yesterday! Oh, I conld awear at that brother I"

She dropped into a chair and sat rigid and square·jawed, a sculpture of unutterable rage.

In the afternoon Lady Jocelyn arrived. The doctor was there-tbe lawyer had gone. Without a word of protest Juliana accompanied her lady. ship to Beckley Court. Here was a blow!

But Andrew was preparing one more mighty still. What if the Cogglesby Brewery proved a basis most unaound 1 Where must they fall then? Alas! on that point whence they sprang. If not to Perdition-Tailordom !

(To be conlin"".) to be very acceptable to her. The game waxed -' -- --- --. --- -------exciting again. The enemy (the Jocelyn party), was alert, but powerle88. • The three siatel'l

MORBID MEMORY.

were almost wrought to perform a sacrifice far THERB are very few thoughtful persons to exceeding Evan's. They nearly decided to sum· whom the question has not presented itself, What mou him to the house: but the matter being is the natnre of tbe operation of that extraordinary broached at table one evening, Major Strike psychological phenomenon, memory 1 With a very objected to it so angrily that they abandoned it, alight efFort of will we are enabled to recall, "t a with the satisfactory conclusion that if they did moment's notice, long past events with startling wrong it was the Major'8 f,\ult. vividne88. We fold up and carry in our cerebrum

Meantime Juliana had much on her conscience. the aoenes and incidents)l{ ye&l'l ff travel; we ____ . ___ ._ .__ _ ________ Digitized byL.Oogle

___ -_-"---_-_-__ -=--_--_~-_--._-_-_-_-_ -_.::-~_==::-_ _:o.-_-_:::,:::,:::,:::,-__ =__-_-__ -. _ __=-__=_-_-_-,:::-~~-=---.~_===::_:::=-

286 ONCE A WEEK. [8£Pr. 8, 18Co. Ii BUmmon at will the faces of thouaands of pel80DB, ' back with the tottering atep of aecond childhood; I: who have been aeen by us only for a moment; ! but there ia reason to believe that in certain Ii we invert our mental "ision, and there upon the ; aft'ectiODB of the brain the memory retreats from II tablet of the brain we lee aa vividly aa in a, us in a sequential manncr. Thus, an Italian gencamera, the groupings of scene I that have occurred 'tleman residing in New York, and who had I' in eventful perioda of our lives. How are all: acquired the French and then the English Ian- " theBe myriada of images written upon the grey i page, happening to be attacked with yellow feyer, II matter of thl brain, and 10 ordered, 10rted, and ' it W88 obaerved that in the commencement of hia I! grouped that we can aelect exactly those we want : illneas he lpoke the tongue he had learned laat, from the immenae store, without disturbing the : the French in the middle of his diaeaae, but hia II remainder! IDBcrntable aa the myatery aeema to I native tongue at the termination of his life. It ill /' be, we may yet gather 80me light from a 8mdy of 'invariably the caee, that our -laet prayera are I the eame phenomena in a atate of diseaae. A. very i delivered in our native tongue, notwith8tanding II valuable, practical work * haa just appeared from I that we may have disused it for a long period of " the pen of Dr, Winalow (whose researches in the' time. It; is also obaervable that, in many _ II acience of mental and cerebral pathology are 10 ~ where the memory of recent events had been well known), lome chaptera of which on morbid I replaced by those of early life in peraons daring 1,1,

conditiona of memory, open to the general reader I from illneas, on the recovl:ry of health the order entirely new ground. of things waa reveraed, recent events recurring to I::

Doctor WinsloW' ia a thorough believer in the the mind to the utter oblivion of older memori8ll, indestrnctibility of mental impre8lioDB. Ideaa the one replacing the other with the regularity of once registered in the brain can never he believes a diaaolving view. But a atill more extraordinary ,t

be efI'aced; they may be latent for the better part condition of the brain is that which Dr, Winalow 1/' of a life-time masked by aucceeding ideaa, but pointe out, in which the 1081 of memory ill total, under certain conditioDB are liable at any moment consequent upon an attack of apoplexy. MaDY to re-appear in all their magical freahn-. But caaes of this kind have been recorded, in which III, how account for the persistence of memory, if the the mind of the man baa been rednced to that of very tablet of the brain, in common with other por. a young child, and all the elementary knowledge tions of the body, ill continnally undergoing change, of youth.haa had to be acquired afre8h; or, more I and within a certain time is moat certainly entirely singular atill, a double atate of knowledge baa I renewed, How remember, if the very remem. been act up in the same peraon! For instance, a brancer is annihilated! In order to explain this young lady, whose memory W88 well atored and apparent difficulty, Doctor Winalow points to the capacious, suddenly fell asleep; on awaking, it wonderful manner in which family peculiarities waa discovered that ahe had loat every iota of are handed down from generation to generation. acquired knowledge, and that her mind _ A certain stamp of feature given by one member reduced to a perfect blank. With great etrort ahe of a family will continue through a long descent, waa gradually mastering, aa a child would do, the aa we may see in maDY a portrait gallery, nay little firat le88CDS of youth, when abe suddenly fell into peculiarities auch aa mols, twists of the fingera, a lOund sleep, on awaking from which it was dis· a drooping of the eyelids, seem quite peraistent. covered that ahe had recovered her old state 'of Some persona, for instance, will have cenain marks knowledge. The old and new states alternated on their nails, which however cut off will continue with each other; at one moment ahe waa the to perpetuate themae1vea to the latest moment of accomplished woman, at another abe po_ed the life. The natural inference is, that in the proceea mental calibre of a child; in the old state ahe of growth the old and decaying particle ill iuc. wrote a beautiful band, in the new a cramped ceeded by a new particle exactly corresponding with stiff character, such aa children do. In this ex· itaelf. The newer vesicle of the brain thus traordinary condition ahe remained for four yeara; stamped with a certain image ill 8UOOeeded by a a double mind, aa it were, took p08leasion of her, new generation of vesicles aa certainly a copy of ahe being con8Cioua only of the state ahe may have that· which went before them aa a photograph is a happened to have been in at the time. duplicate of that which it images. III this man- In othera, again, the 1081 of memory i. confined ner, in consequence of the wonderful 88Iimilative to particular letters. Dr. Greaves relates a c_ power of the blood, the brain is alwaya changing, of a farmer who, BUbaequent to a paralytic fit, loat but in a atate of laeilth, is ever changeleas, and the names of 8ubatantives and proper names. He the ideaa impinged UPOIl it remain ineffaceable. perfectly recollected, however, the initial letter of But when diseaae commenCe8, it is eaaily under- any 8ubstantive or proper name he wished to ,toad what vagaries may arise with respect to the talJc about, but the word itaelf would not be memory., Dr. WinaloW". work presents us with recalled. In order to help himself in this diJIi· eome moat extraordinary examples of the aberra. culty, he was in the habit of taking with him a tiona thns taking place, which amonnt to psycho. manuscript list of those things he waa in the habit logical curioeiti81 of the moat intereating kind. of speaking about; and theBe he arranged in an We are all familiar with the fact, that in the alphabetical maDner, which he carried about with gradual decay of memory in old age, the images him, and used aa followa: if he wished to aak of our youth seem revived within us. anything abollt a cow', before he commenced the

The ideaa stamped upon the brain in early sentence, he turned to the letter C, and looked youth, although long apparently forgotten, come ont for the word COW', and kept his finger and eye

• On Obscure m- of th8Bn1; Imd D~ora of the on ,the wo~ until he had fu)i;ahed the _tence. )lind. By Por_ WbWow, )LD., D.C,L. ThI8 partial 1081 of memory 1p-iIften the COnse-

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8 ...... S. ueo.) THE MONTBS.--sEPrEMBER. 287

quence of paralysis; IOmetimes a .ingular tranl' ' falt. . from a window, a concn .. ion of the brain poIition of lettera ill the only abnormal sign follows, and, the result ill, a restoration of hill noticed. Dr. Winalow, for inltance, mentiollB the memory to its original Btrength I Nay, in cases cue of a gentleman who invariably reversed their 'where not only the memory has been impaired, order; for instance, he always laid puo for onp, i but all the other faculties of the brain alao, where and gum for mug. I idiotoy, in fact, ha existed, a sudden injury to

Sndden conouaions of the brain arising from the head hu been known to shake the brain into external injury sometimes produce a total loa of ,a healthy condition. In such cases it would coDllOiouanea for a greater or leaer Bpace of time. i appear that the injury to the brain must havo It is obBervable, however, that upon recovery the, been brought about by a slight mechanical demind immediately recurs to the last action or I rangement of lOme part of its BUucture; in the thought it \vu employed upon before its powers I same manner, a clock that Buddenly &tops without were Bupended, and endeavours to continue ita I apparent cause may be made to go on again by action. A little girl, engaged in play with lOme giving it a gentle strike. We have only quoted a companion, happened to fall and injure her few of the many extraordinary examples from the head. whillt catching a toy that was thrown to I chapter on Dillordered MemorY in Dr. Winllow's her. For ten hours she was totally nnconSCiO\lS; work, which, although a acienti6c and practical UPOD opening her eyes, however, she immediately I treatiae on the inoipient symptoms of the dileases jumped to the Bide of the bed, and alBuming the of the brain and disordera of the mind (useful u

'I action of catching, exclaimed, .. Where ill it! a text-book for the medical profeaion), is charm· I where did you throw it!" A more singular ing u a modem romance. These illustrations,

iDltance still of the manner in which the brain we think, tend to prove that the doctrine he will catch up ana continue its last train of espouses, of the indestructibility of mental impresthought, even after a considerable lapse of time, ill I siona, may be lOund, and that, ltarting from the following :-A British captain, whillt giving : this point, the path is laid for important future

, ordera on the quarter-deok of hill lhip at the I' diacoveries in one of the most extraordinary sec· Battle of the Nile, W&I struck on the head by a tiollB of psychological inquiry. A. W. slaot, and immediately became sensel_. He was taken home, and removed to Greenwich Hospital, , THE MONTHS where for fifteen monthB he evinced no sign of I 8JtPTEMBER. •

~te1Jigence. He wu t~en trephined; and imme.\ IN my part of the world there is no week of tho diately upon the operation bemg performed. con· year more marked than that in which guesta lIOio~_. returned, and he imm~tely. began gather at the seata of the cOlmtry gentlemen for bUSYlDg hi;maelf to.Bee the orders earned out that the September shooting, and the shooting itself he ~ given dunng the battle fi~ months bep. Wherever I may happen to be, I always pr8Vl?ualy. The clpckwork 0.£ the braul:' unaw~ manage to return home to dine at the hall on the

. ~t It had &topped, upo~ bemg set. go~ng agaIn, lut day of August, in order to make or renew pomted to the exact ~mute at which: It h~ left , acquaintance with the party assembled, and lay

I oII. Th~ ~udde~ reVlval •. of a lost mtelligence I plana for the first daY'B roving. My wife ill a

I alinost .nva'f m their . dramatic effect the effec~ of little saucy about the eagemess for play shown the Prince II advent m th~ palace ?f the ~leepmg both by men who work hard and by idlers. She

I, :Beauty, where at the m&glc of a k188, the mmates Bays women are called frivolous when their willa of the Royal Household. who.had ~olle to al~p for are bent on pleasure; but what feminine eagera hundred years transfixed m their old attitudea, noa for amusement can exceed the excitement of

I leapt suddenly into life and motion, as though they sporting men on the last day nnd night of AUgu8~! had only for a moment alept :- • I The degree of that excitement induces a reverent

\ The' bedge broke in, the baoner flew, feeling in women, children, and servants, and '!'he butler drank, tbe steward scrawrd, : invests the whole matter with a lort of solemnity;

i The fire shot up, t.be marten flew, ' but, if it were not for this, there would be IOme-

I The parrot. scream'd, the peacock squall'd, thing ludicrous in the amount of thought and , The maid and )IIIg8 renewed their strife, II interest spent upon details on the eve of Bport.

The paI_ bang'd and bnss'd an~ clackt, The careful outfit, the repeated examination that And:rJI the long-~t strel'm of life 'I every man makes of hill gun, the exhibition of Dash d downward In a cataract. shot, the 1illing of powder Hub, the going out

So, true is it that all fiction muat be fouded and in to diacu .. and report diacuaions with the upon fact, and the strongest vagaries of the servants, the houra of talk about the dogs, the romancer can alwaYB be matched by the calm tracing the route on the map of the estate or the xperience of the philosopher. i county, the general restlessnea and inceaant

But in the remarkable examples of sudden 1081 \' reports of the weather and the wind-all these of memory we have iutanced, recovery baa either things, if incidents of any feminine amusement, 1I10wly followed through the operatiou of nature would cause endl_ gibes about the frivolity of or through lOme Burgical operation; but there are I the sex; but women must not be 10 critical-at not wanting cues to prove that the me_t meoha- '\l_t in an open way. What they may say nieal agencies have been sufficient to reBtore it. among themaelve'a when their hubanda and To these cues we might almost quote the old medi· I fathers are fairly off and out of Bight, one can cal aphoriBm, •• Similia Bimilwll8 CltraJlt"r," to wit, only gu_; but during the stage of preparation a man, in consequence of a BOvere blow upon the they mut be IOlemn and sympathetic, or lose head, lUfl"era from & paralysis of the memory; he ! more than a laugh would wo 80 says my

,i==========-=,------==~ -

'. 1

288 ONCE A WEEK. [BUT. S. 18GO.

wife, who moreover venturea to joke on the cer- I thrust himself between my knees to inform me, tainty of my punctuality on the 31st of August, : "There was a bad dog, and Mopsy is so ill." Olr however uncertain may be my return from an ; went poor Bell with a sob. Mopsy was her dog. excursion at any other time of the year. _ " A bad dog!" said L .. Does he mean a mad I

This year there was not the ueual jesting and I dog!" I

quizzing when 1 appeared at my gate on my return Y as; there had been a strange dog the week I_ from Scotland. The grouse I brought did not before, running along the road in the heat in a I' ,

excite much attention, except from little Harry, I very odd way, and it had bitten Mopay in the who was at once absorbed in stroking the feathers leg, to Bell's intense indignation. She drove the and hugging the birds. The girls were grave, and stranger away with atones, and carried home and Bell would not look at me. My wife hastily nuned her dog with all devotedness. Mopay 1 i whispered: .. Take no notice of Bell's crying; I leemed to be quite well till last night, when ahe ' : will tell you presently." All we entered the house was reatless and tremulous. The groom. not i; the servanta appeared. all grave and aad. Little liking her appearance, had traced out the strange Harry was lure to be the first to tell when the dog, and found that it was so far luspected as to I'

first admiration of the grouse Wall over. He have been destroyed in the next village. Hurrying

back with the ne,..., the groom found that Mopey was now ahut up in the washhouse. She had enapped at her mietrea, luckily fastening on Bell'a dlMI only. The mau decla.red the poor thing must have a chance. He could undertake, with a little help, to administer a dose of medicine he had brought with him. He did it lafely enough, plaoed food and water on the ground for the chance of ita being desired, locked the door, and put the key in his pocket. From time to time one or another looked through the window, to see how Mopay went on. In a little while the girls could not bear the eight of the poor creature in_tly leaping up against the wall, while the Aliva streamed from her jawe, and she made the moet dreadful noises. ,In a few hours she was

I :1 ,-

II II .!

I 'I

' I I' \:

lying on her aide, panting and quivering. Before ' I

my wife and I went up to the Hall to dinner, we had advised Bell to inquire no more for her dog; 1

1'11'

and before we returned at night it wae, in fact, dead. It was rather a shock to 118 all. We had never before come 80 near the horrors of hydrophobia; and we could not but feel how hell'leae we were in our ignorance of the meaning of that dreadful inJliction, and of how to preclude or manage it. Of course, the physician and aurgeon of the neighbourhood were of the Hall party, and of course every body present told all he had ever heard about mad dogs; but we learned nothing new. We could only conclude that all owners of dogs should be careful, durina the hot weather, to _ that their 6l~~ed-';~~J5C>. rly ed and

Barr. 8, lSGO.] THE MONTHS.-8EPTEMBEB. 289

alwaya within reach of water, and that they were i I charged my wife with having quizzed. us all Dot out in the sun all through the dog-days. The I round, in her own mind, at the HaJJ.. I had _ surgeon said that he should, in any auspicious the beginning of a satirieal smile more than once; cue, administer large doaea of chloroform, inter- and now, sad at hArt as she was, she could not nally and externally, and, if that did Dot avail, help laughing at the importance of the event of shoot the poor creature at once. the morrow as reflected on to-day. No women

Harry ought to have been long asleep when we were ever more occupied with a fancy ball, she returned home; but we haard the voice of wailing declared. She had little doubt some of the genfrom his bed as soon 88 we entered the house. He tlemen were awake and up before we were asleep, knew that Mopey was dead, and could not be to inspect the sky to windward, and among them comforted. He W88 110 fevered and miaerable that there would be a watch kept upon the weather all my wife took him up, and brought him to me, night. to talk over our misfortune, by way of relieving There was not much ground for dilleuaaion about his mind. We agreed that Mopey should be the weather when the IOOrning came; and, 88 for buried in the garden, and that something sho1lld the wind, there W88 none. For this time we had be put at the head of the grave. What should it a perfect September morning. The obaequies of be! 1 drew the inkstand towards me to write poor Mopey and an early breakfast being over, I the inscription. I W88 in the park by Beven o'clock. I am looked

.. What aha!} we put, dear!" aaked his mother, upon 88 a sort of auxiliary gamekeeper on theae as the child sat in her lap, with his eyes glittering occaaiona, not only from my thorough acquaintance as he fixed them on the lamp_ I with the ground for a dozen milea round, but

" Mopay !" cried he, with a fresh burst of grief_ from my habit of marking the coveys in the walke What could be better! .. Mopsy," with the date. of preceding weekll. So I had two atrangere for

The settling this ao far relieved the child that, my comrades, and familiar doge to help UII.

in apite of the new outburet, his composure was The millte had not yet risen above the tree-topa returning. In a few minutes more he was carried in the park, and the atmosphere had the lIingular to bed asleep. The sympathising mother could clearn688 obaervable under a low atratum of mist. not but look in upon the girls, aware how Bell It seemed as if we could count the leaves on the mut be feeling the first bereavement by death wooded hill-aide oppoaite, though Beveral fields that she had known. Both were asleep, not with- lay between. The dew glittered on every weed out traces of teare on their faces, and Bell's hand- and twig in the hedgea the moment the alant rays kerchief W88 soaked.. Her mother put a dry one of the sun touched. our path. The gossamer in the place of it, and would not even kiaa her, for seemed to extend 88 far 88 there was sunlight to fear of ~ing her. We truated that another show it. It trembled slightly, but there W88 not generation would be free from the evil of this wind enollgh to toss it, .. as if the fairies were dreadful diaeaae, by which Beveral households shaking their blanketa," 88 Jane says. Still as within my own knowledge have been made deso- the air W88, it W88 not silent, as it would be late. ThOBe may be grateful who have their towards noon. If we paaaed a thicket we heard warning in so mild a form 88 the 1088 of a. dog. the yoong goldfinchea and thruahea trying their I have seen the supporting sona of a widowed pipes i it is the spring-time of their lives, though mother, the brothere of dependent aiatere, die, the the autumn of our year. Near the first faranatead. one after the other, from the bite of the pet dog, the swallows were all telling what month it was itaelf infected by an attack from a strange dog in by the peculiar warble in which they all joined the street. The little favourite flew at their from every roof-tile and out-houae and stack. The mother in the p&88age, and fastened on her clothes. robin perched among the hips in the hedge, and The sona ran, and got it into a bag, bot not before twittered in his homely way. The screech of the it had inflicted a Blight wound on a hand of each. peacock W88 not 10 pleasant, but we should soon They thought nothing of it till the elder sickened, leave him behiud, and meantime he treated WI finding himself unable to endure the air on his with a spread of his tail on the park-wall in the face on the top of a stage-coach. Then he knew full sunlight. The haaty tumultuoWl bark of the what was coming; and when the younger brother. doge at the Hall W88 subsiding 88 they went out stood at his grave, and went about in his new . with their mastere in variOWl directiODII; bnt the mourning, doing the work of both for the family shrill bellowing of the bull in the meadow below support, he knew what more was coming. In a had been roosed by them, and now il; woke the little he W88 buried beaide his brother. While echo from the hill-side. We heard the jingle there are such storiea of any date told in every t of the plough-team from the fallow, which was county and town in England, it is a leaaon to making ready for the autumn wheat-sowing. A. dwe1lere in all towns and villages to erect loud laogh from over the hedge made us look drinking-fountains, every one of which should I up; and there were man and boy, trimming and have a trough for doge. I thatching a rick. One of my comrades, Nelson, a

.. We must try what the pretty feathere will do I London lawyer, asked whether it W88 not full late again," my wife and I agreed. We thought ahe for that sort of work; but we preaently showed and the children might share the aport the firet him the difference between a stack finished off day, during which I, for one, seldom go very far before the contente had Bettled, and therefore out from home. We would bury Mopey before I Bet of shape in varWWI directions, and a rick properly forth, and then the preparation of lunch, and the matured for the thatcbing. Be W88 of opinion prospect of the day's adventures, might dry up that this sort of work might be done by a machathe teare and disperee the grief for the time. nieal process 1688 coatly ~ h~ labour. We

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',_--'--.'-----'--'-'--~--_--_=.::..;....._=-:;:.-;::--__=-c:c--=-_=-.::-=::..:--==-.:::== 290 ONCE A WEEK. 18-. 8, 1880.

have indeed heard of a thatch woven by the amuaement, to vulgariae it. To atand IItill, or yard, needing aimply tQ be put on like a cape, but , nearly 10,. and ahoot 10 many hundreda of birda we were not diapoaed to be aevere on. the more put up before you, is no pleaaure to the true primitive method while the labourel'l were 10 sportsman. He tums from the baUu~ to enjoy merry over it. Then there waa the hen, with her ' nature and not the mere act of slaughter, which lateat brood, making a pl'<!portionate fuaa about the butcher himaelf would not undertake, except; them. The turkeYlI, with their family train, were aa the busineaa of his life. To prove aud enjoy parading and feeding in the stubble. and carrying his skill as a marJuman,. and relish the dainty on their moming conversation. When we croaeed i incidents of the fowler'8 punuit, ia the sportBman's the Dext atile there was a flapping of wings from ' treat on the 1st of September; and a thorough the cloud of pigeoua that rose from the furrows; , treat it waa to lUI tbia day. and further on were the geese, full of noisy I After a couple of houra we came upon the demoDBtratioua again at us. There W38 a mau 8tudent of the company at the Hall, aitting on there, too, whose occuplltion I did not like. He a atile, with a book on his hand. Hia finger was I W&l strewing straw and chaft' and dry rubbish of between the closed leaves, however; and I IIt18peCt I weeds over the surface, and trailing tar here and the great poem of nature waa more to his taate on I, there over the whole, He W&II not going to bum this. day than the deepest reaaoning or even the 'II the atubblea to-day, we hoped. Why yes; he highest aspiration presented in a form which did not believe there wero any birds there, and would do &I well at home. He had been quietly , his master would be wanting the field by the time sitting between two fires, and it W&II wonderful II it could be ready for the plough. He was in. that he had been winged by neither. We croaed duced, however, to wait a day or two. Nelaon the path of his party, compared notes, and took could not conceive of 8uch barbarism &I burning our Beveral ways. AD hour further, and we I&W I!

,'II the aurface when there were implements which, as a group of women aeated on a graaay knoll, a very he had Been, could dig up and tum down the COnapiCUOU8 _t. By this I knew that it W8II

Hubble with the utmost precision. Wfl advised my own family, my wife being of opinion that the III him to tum and ask the man, curiolUl to lee moat probable death for herlJelf is being shot whether any other reaaon would be given than under a hedge by her husband, who is fond of 'I

that his muter had always done it, and the old having her near at hand, but apt to trust to her " master before him. This reaaon was given, but good Benle where to go. Her good aeuae baa this I another with it, that the land had been very foul time perched henelf and her children where none with weed8 and worm and fly, and the burning but a wilful murderer oould shoot them. Muter would destroy all bad seede and eggs. Harry hung out his mother'8 handkerehief OR a

We were old·fashioned folks, I admitted, and stick 88 a flag, and waved us to our luncheon; and asked my companion8 to H!IoIld a moment and then he came acampering down, to leam whether listen to one proof of it. From the bam on our our party would go up to them or theyahould left we heard the measured, dull lOund of the come down to us.' For the sake of the graaB, azul flail, 10 familiar to the memory of elderly people, the chance of a breeze, we would go to them. but 110 aeldom heard now, except in primitive. There W&I no breeze; but there W&l flesh districts. I never hear it without feeling like a grau, and a gentle elope, and an exquisite land· child again, watching the awing of the weapon _pe, besides the welcome aandwiches and merry. and its etrect on the sheaf below, 811 I have often We oould Bee the park deer like a moving clouddone for houra together. The flail dcea not hold shadow on the elopes. The oreeta of the heights such a place in literatu", as the sickle, but it will beyond peered out like veritable mountain·topa be laid by in tradition beside it. I above the horizontal atrata of mists which lay

Now for aport in earneat! I know where we poised in the air even now, ready to descend in are, and 10 do the dogs. I wonder whether it is I the chill evening. Where the plough was making true that the IOn of the great Earl of Northum- a fallow in the nearer fi~da, the stares collected in berland, in Queen Elizabeth'lI time, was the firlJt ' a fiock. From the wood behind us a hare atarted, pet'IOD who made a dog set for partridges. If so, I and went under cover again with a circuit. There he _ the inventor of a very pretty apectacle. were no doubt many near us; for tbia ia the If it is alao true that no bird, were ever shot I 8e&1On for them to &l8emble, 10 that the early flying till the last century, aportamen must have , labourer may Bee a 1C0re of them aitting round a had a poor chance, unleaa partridges abotmded &I I lIingle field. There W88 IOmething in the atmowe now Bee them in the Holy Land. There they I 8phere, aome lingering of the moming vapour, run out from the artichokes or the corn under which caused an impreBBion of distance by mark· your hOrlle'8 feet, till you grudge their numbera. ing gradatioua in the wOO(1I and ridges in the hillI, We may be very well satialied to.day, however. thus filling up the general outlines with a long We become silent, and watch our doge, and in perapective of diatancea. Residents in a moun· a minute or two are deep in the buain888 of the tainous region are well aware that the ridges _ day. to be multiplied in misty weather, not 10 thick

It 11'&1 truly a charming day, from that moment &I to obecure them. Sketch a view in bright 'onwards. We were not all equally good 8hots; weather, or on a dull day which is yet clear, and but among us we b.gged enongh game for our yon draw perhaps a triple range of heights. Come credit; and we cared more for the ramble and the again on a moming or'evening of light miata, and aport than the fame of killing 10 many birds. I you Bee 10 many ridges that they are like the The purauit of magnitude, the love of the mon- I folds of a garment, and which make confusion in straus, baa entered into even the sportsman's, a picture, unleaa painted by--. ~ hand. It

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Ii SZP'I'. S. H80.) THE MONTHS.-SEPTEMBER. 291

:11 even happens that a dwellcr in such a region, , moths to fly into the candle; but now, when given to explore its mysteries and .. hunt the I they can seek the light without destroying them· waterfa11s," may, after long resilience, find some selves, they afford au additional autumn spec· new dell or ravine disclosed by a casual glance up tacle. Many a one do we imprison under a the mountain when the mists are beginning to I tumbler till we have studied it, and then release. Itir. Something of this eft'ect we now observed Towards the end of the month, when the nights in regard to the park woods, where not only, grow foggy and chilly, we shut up, and have the domes and spires of foliage stood out from the i first fire of the seo.son-the small bright fire which

! I m888, but a gradation of mll.88es appeared where I warms all spirits. II in July it seemed that one might walk on the I So much for the evenings. As to the work of I green tloor of treetops, as the traditional squirrel the evenings at home, there is plenty just now.

under Relvellyn could in old time march from' There are the autumn bouquets to make splendid Wythbum to Keswick without once needing to every day with dahlias of all colours. They should descend to the ground. ; be made up in a conical fdrm., broad at the base;

The ferns on the common were golden, and about I thc method fittest for them, as green·glass milk· to become russet. Contrasted with vivid green ' pans are fittest for water.lilies. lhen there are grass, the purple and yellow of the heather and : asters of many 1I0rts and sizes, and the golden gone were too gaudy; but reposing on russet ferns , amaryllis; and the first chrysanthemums, and they make a charming llpectaele. There were: the passion· flower, dear and holy in all eyes; patches' of corn·flowere ncar us, and the tints of I and mallows still. and China roses. and somethe fungi were wonderfully bright. from the pearly times the Michaelmas daisy, and central boughs white which looks almost translucent in the shade, of the lovcly arbutUll, for them to cluster round. to the graduated scarlets and crimsons which slime Thore are worn out plants to be removed, and out from moist roots and old palings, or rotting i decaycd ones to be thrown away; and already. loga. The sulphur butterfly flitted past us, and a I though wo do not like to admit it, a few dead large family of lady-birds settled upon our clothcs. leaves to be swept from the lawn and the walks. Whole companies of bees were ma¥.ing the most There are the beds to be got ready for the early of the declining sunshine of the year; probably IIpring bulbs-the hyacinths. tulips. nud anemoon their way to the heather, but not despising any nea. This is, perhaps. the strongest hint of the honey-bearing bloasom on the way. Their hum decline of the year. If we want more fmit.trees. seemed to crave as much notice lIS if it was the now is the time to drain and prepare the orchard only lound, though the air was alive with the ground to give it leisure to settle. For my part. bleating of sheep above UII, and tho sweet chime of 1 think we ourselvea have enough. It is quite " church· bells, rising and falling, coming and going, sight to pll.88 from the entrance of the kitchen· thougb we were unaware of any wind. With us garden to the end of the orchnrd-a walk which there was none. My comradea and I put oft' our occnpiea a good deru of time when one undertak811 caps, in hopes of a breath on our foreheads; but to gather the fmit for lunch and dessert. One none came; and we loon grew cool over our has to see to the peaches evcry dILY, and gather the luncheon. ripe, and throw out the BUpcrnumeraries which are

All this was charming; but it did not detain us in the way. Late peaches ami nectarines. and long from our aport. The non-combatants !\Ccom- early pears. I think }Iroper to gather myself. hy. panied us. or kept us in Bight for aome way; and body is welcome to try a gentle shake at the apple

, I when they turned back. Harry was charged with trees in the orchard, and see whlLt comes. The a brace of birds. one of which he Wail to leave at ruddy. aud russet, and streaked apples that stud one Bick-room door in the village, and the other at the cspruicre must remain to be mellowed by the another, This, and the promise of a blackberry- sun to the lateat day. The multitude from the

, iDg in tbe course of the month, and of a nutting orchard must also hang for some time yet, except , expedition, as BOOn as the nuts were ripe, sent him such as fall with a t.ouch. The gardener is clear· i: home quite happy. As for us,-we remained at ing his strawberry-beds of runners and weeds. lour sport almost as long as we could aee. We and getting up his onion crops, laying them out

:,11 were treated with the glorious spectacle of an under cover to dry, and making haste to put in autumn SUDBet as we returned, with its ruddy and cabbages .and oaulillowore in tlleir place. It seems golden, and tender blue. and pale BCIL· green tints, to me that no lIupply can meet the demand for

" all 80 melting into each other above. as to bathe onions.· Watch a vegetable ..... rdcn. or a green. ;11 all. below in one 80ft and balmy glow. Before grocer's shop anywhere. and ~y if it be not so.

I entered my own gate, the evening star was One &Ilks where they can all go to! till one con·

il beaming in the pale-green part of the sky; and Biders the 80UpS and stews in rich men's dwellings, the owl was hooting from the old hollow oak. . and the bread and cheese. as well as the cookery

The domeatie aspect of this time of the year of the lower and middle classes. We hear now of is very pleasant. I like the day's ramble ending. the conversion of acres of onion-ground into with BUllBet. and the lighting of the lamp for 'I cucumber·growing. Sheltered by a growth of dinner. It is the season when it is rational to rye nt the outset, an acre of cucumbers produces dine late, in order to make the moat of the 1001., we are told. This caUlles two questio_ shortening daylight. If the eveninge are mild .. Where will 80 many cucumbers go to!" and and balmy, we can keep the windowl open, and "What will be done for onions!" Every year. I go backward. and forwards between starlight and am amazed at the space let out for onions in my lamplight. Before lamps came in. this was not garden; and every winter J am told we have run 10 pleasant. on account of the propensity of, abort of onions, and. muatdmY.: AI that; we have

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ONCE A WEBK.

eaten them all at home, but that there caa never the village bo)'l how fooliah it is to pull them be too many in all the cottapl round. before they are half ripe; and every year the

There are more plume of variOWl eorta to be got, bo)'l do it again: and almoet every year there is a the moat bloomy and fragrant for deeaen and for clothes' baaket-full of nuta in every ho_ where presents, and the commoner for pies, puddings, anybody liv811 who lik811 nutting. The fatigue that aad preaerves. The grapes grow tranaparent now girls will go through in ItretohiDg, and jumping, under their bloom, and crave gathering. My wife and twitohiDg, and carrying an increaaiDg load, is wanta walnuta to pickle; 10 we go to the great amazing. Scornful people tell them that they tree on the windy eide of the orchard, and get no might get better nuta in equal quantity for a few more than enough, that the rest may ripen fully. pence, and save walking all thOle mil8ll, and mak. We find a few mulberries, and the eight of them ing themeelVell ati1f for da)'l after. The answer I8ta Harry asking for his promised blackberry is that pleuure is the object and not peace, aad holiday. Jane says ahe thinks it might do already. that they never count the mil8II gone over, nor I On every bramble there are et.ill blOl8Oma, and mind the aches incurred in nutting; which is a I'

green and red fruit; but there is also lOme black, new wonder to 1C0rniul people. and we can but try. While the chilcben are thUi busy abroad,

It ie very pleasant to get blackberries; but the mother and maida are not idle at home. The I! real treat, in my opinion, ie the eight of an autumn apple·chamber and other fruit·rooma are now hedge. The rough atone fences in the northern cleared out, acoured and veutilated; the cottap I counties are cJw:ming when well moeaed over, neighboura and the fanners' wives are encounged and tufted with ferne in the crevices, and tinted to prepare for the collection of gooae.feathen. now with lichena, and with a running fringe of panaiee that Michaelmae is coming on. The Jut pre&ervel and emall wild geranium along the top : but a are made. The 80wer·aeeda are dried, eorted, and ,I hedge in autumn ie yet lovelier, however true it put away; and 10 are the eweet herbe. Elder I: may be that it ie damp-that it harboura vermin wine ie made-the only domeetic wine we venture -that it wutea broad Itripe of good eoil. Look upon; but elder wine ie a singular antiquity, out of at the briony with ita scarlet tranaparent berries, the way of everything modern; and we have cerand the fruitage of the wild apple and plum, and tain viaitore who like nothing 10 well after a cold I':

I, the privet, and the elder, and the I8mce-the ride, sa a glue of hot elder wine (out of a , ' black 8hining cluetera here-the blue aloes there, pitcher), and tout. ' 'I the dull red haws and the acarlet hipa, and the But I ehall never have done, if I tell all thai I! : : green and red crab apples I Look at the catkina marks the month of September. I can only re- I

II of the birch, and the ke)'l of the aah and lyea- mind my readere to watch for the departure of the I' more, and the 80wering of the ivy, and the pale ewallowa, (an event of which we alwaY' have

II last; blO88Oma of the wild honeysuckle I If the ample notice by the commotion they make about I

graBI and weede are 80mewhat dank, look at the our roofe before they go); and to order a Michael· I dew.drope on the lIpider·webs, and the changing mae gooae in time, and gather brilk applell for the , coloura of the foliage of the hedgerow trees I sauce: and to induce their cottage neighboura to I"

! The blackberrying mWlt be on a dry day, and if try fiBh dinnel'll, at the time when herrings are eo II 1 poeaible, a sunny one. The basketa mWlt be of cheap; and to watch over them, sa over their own

good capacity, with beains or traY' at the bottom houaeholda, during the weekI of autumn eioknea to catch the juice; for, however many are eaten, This"ie the time for choleraio dieeueI, and the more muat be brought home. I say nothing about time of all the year when the inexperienced and the jam. It ie very good to those who like it; ill·informed mOlt need the guidance of their wiaer and it ie decidedly better than Done. So are neighboura in the management of health. Ague, blackberry pies and puddings. But, if the jam rheumatism, and diaordere of the alimentary aye· be the lowelt of jama, the jelly ie the highest of tem often take their rise in September; One thine jelliee-of fruit jellies. Blackberry jelly ie truly more, we ehall be reminded of at the end of the a dainty, not only good for eore throata and month by the rushing winda which will bring hoareen8ll88, but a dainty eweet with cream, or down the leaves in our avenues, and roar in our on pufi'e. So Harry and his party are to bring chimneys. While we are luug by our UI'~ I

home a vaet crop ~ the elder ones being always autumn fire, we lhall not forget the marlnere careful to gather only thOle whioh grow out of who are having their first warninS of winter in reach of the poor children who have a IOrt of the equinoctial gales. In, mid·winter, _ natural right to all wild good things that they can I are prepared for any weather: but now, when lay handa on. I much doubt, too, whether a large they are floating at lUIII8t in a purple and golden portion of the highest growing blackberries are ' _mer Be&, it; ie acaroely credible, and very not deposited eomewhere on the way home. awful, to think that they may be pitching in a

Lastly, there will be the nutting-the beet of raging gale before morning. Whether thoee all. The getting together the hooked sticka aud whom we care for at 18& are yachting for pleathe bags, and the gardening aprcna with great lure, or doing duty on board the 8eet, or ont pocketa, ie merry work; and once in the wood on hire in" a merohant-ehip, let DB eend forth onr how busy everybody grows! The cluetera have aympathy from ~der our aheltering roof·tree, U been watched (and the secret kept about the beet) we happen· to have no friend or" acquaintance at ever since the green pointe first peeped out, Ilea, let our fellow.feeling be all the wider. AI through the pithy etage, and the milky atage, and ielandere we ehould feel every equinoctial gale the ripening, till they become grey or brown an event, for ita importance to our countrymen enough for the gathering. We are always telling who are at _

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I~ a..r. .. l88O.] A NOCTUARY OF TERROR. 293

I A. NOCTUARY OF TERROR. daring 'Pmt of adventure, and there were always plenty of volunteers ready to undertake them. It

ONOJi more is the drawer opened; 01lC8 more waa not this spirit of enterprise, however, that are the papers in my hand. The ink of my firm alone actuated the student and urged him to a youthful writing baa grown pale, and the paper I fatiguing and dangeroUII duty,-heavy toil in the diacoloured, for I have not cared for many a long lone churchyard at midnight, with the certainty of year to open a roll 80 fraught with painful reeol· the roughest treatment from the populace if dislectiODII. covered. Higher motives impelled him; the

My present narrative is fOlJDded upon these attainment of anatomicallmowledge, and the conroagh notes now before me: they were hastily Bideration and esteem of teachers and comrades and briefly written down at the time, and too always accorded to the hardworking and the Vuly chronicle events to which I Wall myeelf a resolute. witn_ It Wall, then, on a wild, stormy night in Decem-

To proceed. Date back thirty-five years. I ber, 1825, that a party of Rudents agreed to meet w .. a medical student; my friends in the country at the diaaecting rooms, and to start from thence had placed me in a neighbouring city for the at midnight on an expedition to a neighbouring purpoeea of education. No authorised schools I churchyard, three miles distant from the town. of eurgery or anatomy at that date existed in The party conaiated of Balfour, young Fletcher, provincial towns, and the earlier years of the and myeelf. Qualified by my greater experience, IIt1Ident's life were passed in the acquisition of [Wall the leader; Balfour was my second, and general preliminary information, and in attend- Fletcher was to procure a gig for our conveyance. anoe upon the local hOllpital or dispensary, pre· J agreed to join Balfour at the rooms an hour nODI to his visiting London to complete his edu- before we IItarted, in order to prepare a diaaection cation. Still, however, in the principal provincial which we had been unable to get ready before, cities and towns, anatomical Rudy was privately and which it was necessary to complete for the carried on; the great importance of this particn- morning lecture. Balfour was the son of a dis· Jar branch of profeellional education haVing led at senting minister in the town, and had been carean early period to the establishment of rooms fully brought up. He Wall a hardworking, attenfor diaection, and the delivery of lectures on ana- tive student, but of a reserved and glcomy distomy. In the town in wMcb I resided, one of the· position. He seldom joined in the amusements leading II1IJ'88OD8 rented rooms over the cathedral of young men of his age, and consequently, though cloiat;era for the purpose. These antique apart- generally respected, he was not popular with his

i menta, part of the monkish fabric of the cathedral, comrades. He was a heavily built, strong fellow,

II , bad been fitted up for lectUre!! and dissections. witJi a resolved and not unpleasant countenance, The narrow casements overlooked an ancient though his smile was somewhat sinister. A man burying ground full of the decaying memorials of of hitherto proved courage, I always felt that

1 mortality. The time-worn Gothic carvings, the I could rely upon him in emergency. It had I ailent quadrangle with its spreading yew-tree, the been raining and blowing hard all the day: the , dark ahadows in the cloistered arches beneath the , evening cloaed stormily in clouds, and showed no

rooms, gloomy even in the summer daylight, gave i prospect of improvement. I arrived at the rooms a funereal character to the whole locality; and the I the firat, and, groping up the dark circular stairDatnre of the lltudies carried on above becoming case, was glad to find that the fire I had made generally known, in spite of our precautiOllll, the up when I lett in the afternoon Wall burning place '1I"as J:8garded with peculiar aversion by the brightly. _n people. It was a wild night. The crazy leaden case-

In the present day, the adVAnce of education, ments shook noisily in the eddying gusts of the and the wise provisions of an. anatomical bill heavy gale that far above our heads swept round paaed some years since to regulate medical the cathedral tower. The ,skeletons sUllpended by IChools and to supply them with Bnbjecta, have hooks from the ceiling moved and creaked in the much leesened these extreme prejudicell of the frequent draughts. The dried anatomical preparapublic at large, and have entirely remedied very tiona contained in cases ranged round the room, great evils. The practice of disinterring bodies, stood out in the waving gloom, and as the candle and the sentence of the law, which formerly flared in the wind, glanced with grinning teeth doomed the murderer to death and diaaection, from their glazed sepulchres. In the centre of accounted for the strong feeling of horror and I the apartment, stretched upon a board and covered indignation with which human dissection was with a sheet, lay a subject for dissection. It was UDiversalJ.y regarded. People became so alarmed, I the body of a quarryman recently killed by a fall that wMohera with loaded firearms were fre· I from the rocks. The dim light of the oandle quently placed over the graves of recently deceased rested upon the solemn folds of the white drapery, persons by their friends. Still the practice of : and gave a statuesque charecter to the form. disinterment went on, and a aufficient number of: As I sat in the gloom waiting the arrival of my bodies was obtained, thou~ with great difficulty, I comrade, a suoceaaion of strange thoughts and to supply the necessities of the schools. Jt seems fancies passed through my mind. I 8pecnlated now extraordinary that inch a ayatem should have : upon the probable aspect of the face concealed

I eYer existed, or that any young men of education i beneath the sheet-Was it not horribly distorted could have been fOlJDd to engage in the revolting I by the nature of the death-a fearfully sndden work.. But the danger and mystery of these death-rendering a wondroUlllivingtissue of orgaBight expeditiODI excited in youthful minds a I niaation, in an instant, ,ttete an worthleaa-a

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man yesterday, and to.day knowing more of heaven or hell than all the philosophers upon earth. N QtD only serving as a lIubjl>ct for di.;eec. tion, while inheriting an immortality! Well, he is at all events dead, yet when did he dieT-is the last act of expiration the death! Certainly not. A smouldering vitality exists in the great nervous centres for some time afterwards, and persona ap· parently dead have been restored to life by gal· vanism and artificial respiration when the pulse and the breathing hau long ceased. This brought suddenly to my mind stories I had heard of people hastily conveyed to anatomical theatres who were

=~:~g::" ~~~ death by the atimulWl of r! The idea grew horribly vivid until I fancied that

J saw the lihronuing.sheet, that enveloped the body, slightly move. Though I felt that this was but the effect of an excited imagination, to rea.ure my mind I rose, walked to the table, removed the covering, and looked steadily upon the face of the dead. There was nothiJlg to alarm in the wan , effigy. The characters ' of mortality were there ! engraven in lillea not to be mistaken, and I gazed upon the fixed IInu peaceful outline of what had been a vigorous, h&l.f.savage, toiling athlete, lIith

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To break the shadow of thy deep repoeo, Anp:d ic lines, unmoving, firm, and pure,

In solemn curves Death's majesty comwse, Sharp eu to as if (or lIl!es to endure,

' Tis very Rtt8nge, that the immortal IOU), SO darkly housed behind life' s priaon·ool's,

In hastc to ' scape mortality's COlltrol, And join tbe kindred light beyond the stara,

Thoft ronghly shakes the tenement of life, Yet leaves no imrreae of the passing Itrife I

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811ft. 8, 1880.) A NOCTUARY OF TERROR. 2!l5 ,

bel£rya, whOlM! droway VOiCe8 were borne far away i So saying he uncovered the body, and proceeded upon the sweeping storm. i to Hex the arm across the chest the more readily

A ltep on the stains: enter Balfour more serious ' to dissect the upper Md back part of the extre· a.nd dour in aapcct th411 usual. Wrapped in a , mity, at the aruue time that he secured it with rough-coat a.nd muftier, he did Dot speak until ~ a chain hook to the other side of the table. The he had removed and ahaken his drenched gar. ! limb WII8 thus put forcibly 'upon the stretch, and mente. the subject drawn over on its side. Balfour, _ting

"Balfour, this is a capital night for us; we ehall himself opp08ite the arm, commenced the work. have no witneu to our proceedings in this howling I WII8 on the other side engaged in reading aloud storm. " the anatomical description of the parts we were

.. Do you think IO!" he replie(t. "For all that, preparing, when, duriug a pause, the hook which there are buay fiends who love the darkneaa and bad secured the ann iu the direction before men· the storm. Come, get to work. we have no time tioned, elipped its hold, 4IId the hand, 8uddenly to 101M!; already cleven o'clock h!1.s struck, 4IId freed from its boudage. 8wung with an increased I eee," turning reproachfully towards me, ~'the momentum given hy the turniug body, 4IId struck dissection for to·mom,w'e lecture is not yet even Balfour a violent blow upon the face. With a begun. Come, to work! " fearful shriek-the more startling Crom bis habitual

(~eo p. ~97.) II 'I II composnre - Balfour sprung to his feet, like I "!io, no, uo," I repeated; .. he is dead! " ,. Richard in the tent·sceue; with hair ere<.1;, At length he drew a deep breath, and lunk

. I' blanched face, and large drope of perspiration i down in the comer whimpering: I, I gathering on his brow, he ltaggered back, .. And yet it is impossible, that half· dissected

ahonting : body MII/wt be alive."

.:1 .. Oh, God! the man's alive! " "My good fellow," said I, "this is mere

II I i

I dashed at him, horror· struck myself, fIOt at childish delusion-what is the matter with you! what had occurred-for I aaw how it had happened are you well! Here, take lOme brandy." -but at the abject terror of my companion, appall· I He seized the flask and drank deeply; then, iDg to the, laat degree. Clll8ped together we with a strong effort, he rose, walked to the fire, hUltied each other into a corner of the room, eat dowu with his back to the dissecting. table, and giving, in our paasing struggles, .. aharp gyration said nothing. . to the 8USpended akeletona. I shook him violently, The whole scene was very ghastly. Balfour'8 exclaiming : firmness in all times of trial, heretofore, made hie

"He is 1I0t alive; he is dead-<lead ! " preseDt abject fear the more unnatural and shock· But Balfour, half death·struck himself, still ing; no doubt, to a man of his serious mind and

paped: "Alive !-alive ! " ordinary gloomy disllOsitio ,with temperament

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prone to IIllpe1'8tition, the impression of an incident ahadowed by trees would have been almoat un-110 Budden and appalling wu the more powerful in distinguishable Bave for the glimmenng pools its eft'eet. left by tbe heavy rain. Part of our route lay

We 811.t in silence. between thick plantatioua of fi1'll, whose giant .. Balfour," I said at lut, .. we mUllt put oft' our arms waved to and fro, and croaked mournfully.

expedition for this night; it is blowing and rain- Arrived within a quarter of a mile of our desti· iDg hard, and you are not in a fit state to en- nation we drew up, arranged our tools in the moat : C01l11ter fatigue and exposure." convenient way for carrying them, and then 1

.. Why do you talk. thus!" he replied, looking walked the horse gently till we came near the ,I up doubtfully; .. do you think that I am afraid?" burying.ground. We now quitted the gig, which Ii

.. Not at all, my friend; but this circumstance Fletcher drove back to the shadow of the fir that has 110 startled you may perhaps make you-" trees, there to await our return. All I ucended Here I hesitated, not caring to say what I thougbt, with Balfour the path that led to the church-110 I stopped abruptly. .. Wilder," said Balfour yard, we pallsed to look round, and IoIIIIUre our- I: angrily, seizing me by the arm, .. have I ever selves that no one wu following upon our steps. , quailed in this most horrible, but, to us, righteous The low gro1l11ds we had just pused through, II task !-have I ever shmnk from my duty, that though for the moat part shrouded in the dark· you thus insinuate 1" ness, were in places indicated by the uncertain I!

.. Never, Balfour; you have always stood by me course of the river that caught faint gleams of :1 like a man, and I would rather have you for !light from the parting clouds above. The distaD' my lieutenaut than any other of the students, city, like a shadowy monster with a thOUllaDd and that you know right well; but we will not go ,gleaming eyea, lay stretched upon the plain ; to-night for all that." while the river, flowing onward to the wa1ls,

He started ul>, and with BUdden energy, ex· held to ita breast the inverted firmament of olaimed, ., I will go, even if I go alone, even lamps quivering like fire-flies upon the surface of should the dead arisc to oppose m&-Wilder, say the rippling flood. The IIpirea and other lofty I not one word more;" and he 8truck his fist vio- buildings 8tood out here and there from the I lently on the table, setting the skeletons and win· wide gloom in high relief, red with the reflected II dow·frames trembling and clattering iu '.he pause gleam of furnace fires. These reatleaa 1Iames, of the storm, which wu now lubaiding. like those of Phlegethon extinguished neYer,

At this moment we heard the sound of wheels, gave oft' from their ¥ chimneys long linea of II and thHe 01:<1 clhock. tolled twelve. ed IImoke, which carried the dusky radiance to the ,I

.. ere 111 t e gtg and we not ready," I exclaim . clouds themselves. There wu IIOmethin& my. I,

I was glad to see Balfour eagerly seize and put rious in these 8ilent gleaming fires, apparently ii' on his grave clothes. 1 followed his example. We untended, yet holding an iudependent exiai.en.ce, t.hen collected all the requisite tools, tooth-pick, when the rough muter-minds and toiling handa II' abovel, elevator, &e., and descended to the street that ~ed them through the day had IIUJllr. groping along in the dark. weru-y ~ their rest. \ .

" A wild night, lads," said the cheerful voice of " , •.. /' , young Fletcher, 0. youth of seventeen, who, accus. The city ~leam d With bght, but gaTe no sound; I tomed to drive was chosen u our charioteer. "I' SlIe, With, her h~dred thouaand aleepera, kep~ , . I Unbroken alIenee: m the gloom profound have had the greatest work to get ~e ~~ , .1 , A life in death tbe Wllmiued shadow slept. should never have como round old Hlggm8 if It : ' had not been for Nancy. He declared that we' We turned from this solemn spectacle to the were going to eommit a dead robbery, and that I 801emn thing we were about to do. I nefti' II'

somebody would swing for it one of these days, approached the dark sanctuary of death with and Nancy actually kissed me because she had it I more of awe and reverence than at this moment, I: in her mind that I should be surely nipped up by I though about to mock and desecrate that sanc- III them awful8pectrea. At last, however, I got oft', I tuary by rifling it of its poor oontents. The quiet I' and here I am all right and tight." i church, the moaning wind, the feeble and Itrug·

"Jack," laid I, "can you see, and is the horse 'gling atal'8, all acemed to upbraid us for thUl I steady! It is awkward work driving in auch a black I roughly breaking upon the deep slumber of the ! night u this." I dead. The tender aasociation we hold with the

"Be easy, my dear friend, I could drive you to llut resting-place, the flower.planted grave of the I the devil if required." I beloved, fell heavily upon a heart meditating the '

"Well," added Balfour, "I believe it is not immediate commission of what seemed, in spite II ~ely that you may do so." of philosophy, to be a crime, and which i8 cer-

It was a good horae, and we rattled along at 0. i tainly a deed most painful and revolting in the great pace between long lines of lamps through I execution. lonely streets, deserted, save by drowsy watchmen: The shadow of the darkest night, whieh you calling the hour, who raised their dim lanthorns to I inwardly hope may shroud the gMul·like prosee what we were. Then came the straggling, I' ceeding, is never l)rofound enough, The disinhalf.lighted suhurbs, and lutly the dark and open terred body gleamll with its own ghutly lustre. country through which we drove mOl'e slowly, I A faint phosphorescent nimbua seems to surround though atill at a steady trot, to the quiet church· I it, developing the characteristic outline of huyard at Bilton. The wind had much 8ubsided; manity, when it ia so dark that you cannot see low, rolling clou,ls, opening here and there, I your hand before you. I do not know how it showed a few faint &tara; but the road where, waa, but at this mom~t I didDaf:~Tm.y uul

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0001 ateadt'astn-. I".. fidgetty and anxioWl. near, I perceived the simple cawre of our alarm: :Balfour's alarm in the room had filled me with though the storm had ceased, large drops conuneaaineu, and, though he seemed recovered, he tinued to fall from a spout at the top of the waa still nervous and depre.ed. However, it tower, and pattered on the flAgs below. was no time for retrospection; and, creeping As I turned to go back, I jostled a dark figure along the side of the low wall to the deeper standing close to me. In my first ilppulse I Beized shadow of the church, we leaped the enclosure. it by the throat, but was roughly shaken off by

The moment I was in the ground all uncer- the more powerful Balfour. "Why the devil,"

I tainty paaaed from my mind, to be immediately I angrily exclaimed, "do you thus dog me, sir;

'I succeeded by a deep 88DB8 of duty, and a firm how infernally you have startled me-do get back

P1UpCIE to execute it. I at once advancecl to the to your work! " We returned Bulkily and in ~ : spot marked in a visit of investigation the day silence. I took up the shovel and began to dig.

before as the site of the recent grave. After Balfour presently touchecl me on the shoulder. haviDg made the needful preliminary examination, .. Wilder," he said, .. you were very angry with aud satisfied ourselveathat we were correct, I let me just now; I ought not to have followed you; Balfour take the commencement of the work, forgive me,-I am not quite myself to-night." while I removed a short distance from the grave .. All right, Balfour, go back to your watch; I to watch, and warn my comrade should anything quite understaud." Balfour, however, did not occur to disturb us. It i.e far better to work than seem disposed to quit my vicinity. I took no to watch on these occasiollB. The attention i.e notice at first, but kept vigorously at the work; I aheorbed in the urion, and on that account I then in a pawre I said, .. My good fellow, you 'mU8t determined that Balfour should begin. As I stood return to your post, you cannot hear anything BO I in the drear yard, I looked about me more Dar- near me, and it i.e quite necessary to keep a sharp lOwly, to accustom my eye to the dim obscurity look out, though all may be perfectly quiet, and

l aud to the various dark mia-shapen objects every thing promise IIUCC8B8." While I yet spoke, 8l'01IJld. One decaying monument appeared like a we were startled by a remarkable sound above our orouching mouater watching us, and it was not heads, apparently close to us. A low whietling in

I till I had approached to examine the object more the air, very strange And even sweet, seemed to ii', I cloaaly that I could perfectly satiefy myself of ita wander and play about us. .. Wha.t-ia-thi&

l'Ml nature. The evergreen treee and bushes that now!" gasped my companion; .. What i.e it, I clUBtered in the opposite comer of the yard were say !" and he seized me convulsively by the arm. darkly outlined againat the dusky reddish light I Willi myself astoniehed, and could in no way exarising from the city, three miles off. As I stood plain thie new phenomenon; however, I said listening on the watch, the ticking of the church- hastily," Birds, night birds, chirping round usclock seemed to grow gradually -louder in the nothing more. "! Wilder," said Balfour, slowly, inteue silence. l'reaently I heard another Bound, in a hollow and altered voice, II God 8888 us, and not unlike it, a soft tapping noise that I could vouchsafes us a waming-thie may be a dreadful not 1IJldel'ltand. It apl'eared, at times, to be sin that we are engaged in, come, let us go." I very near me, and then to die away in the dis- was much more alarmed at Balfour'. evidently tauce. The grating of the spade in the stony growing disturbance of mind than at the cause,

I soil, which had been going on for some time, now and did what I could to reassure him. The ceased. I therefore returned to Balfour, to 888 sounds, as I seized the spade, sucldenly ceased, I, what he was about, and to take my spell at the and pushing him from me, in another moment I

I work, surrendering to him the watch. As I was hard at work. I had BC&rcely thrown out a

,; approached he spoke softly from the grave, in a dozen ahovelaful of earth, before Balfour rushed

urvous and excited way. wildly up, and exclaimed, .. By Heaven there is II Hush! do you hear nothing! do you see something in the churchyard-there-cloae to the

DoUriDg 1" verge of the enclosure! " I My own Ute.ntioD had been drawn to the Instantly I jumped out of the grave, a.nd with I peculiar sounds before mentioned-mt inter- straining eyes looked in the direction he indicated.

mitting sounds, like little footsteps patting on the I could see nothing. ground. Balfour came stumbling up to me. Balfour was evidently pointing to some moving

II It i.e horribly dark; what are these noises, so object, and following it with hie finger, while he like heavy droppings of blood! Are they the muttered words which, in the agitation of the echoee of the church-clock, or are there two moment, I did not understand. We stood close ticking clocks to the tower! I hate thie·infernal tbgether, our eyes directed towards the opposite tiling ! What i.e it! Why did you bring me boundary wall; there, the solemn bushes were here to be thus tormented!" And he wiped the waving slowly in the night air againat the illupenpiration from hie brow with hie muddy I mined sky, but no other moving thing could I haud. I perceive. '

II Pooh, pooh I it is nothing at all, Balfour," At the same time, a new and extraordinary aaid I ; .. pt back to the work again. I will go to sewre of undefinable solicitude and anxiety, a sense the other Bide of the yard and 888 about it." of something to be feared, crept through me; and

I orcaed the ground in the direction of the as I now felt certain that with a man in Balfour's sounds, ankle deep in the rank wet grass that excited state, verging upon insanity, I could hope ever faI;tens on the rich loam of the churchyard, for DO aaaiatance, but must expect every embarslipping over graves and low head· stones, to the raument, 1 determined to give up all farther imminent danger of my shins. When I drew attempt, and to leave tlle- church ard at once.

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298 ONCE A WEEK. (Sur. 8, 1$80. !i I was on the point of saying so, when my compa- chafed his tornl>lcl, sprinkling bis fMe with spirit

I. Dion spoke again in broken shivering whispers. from my flllllk. After a brief period of in-.. Wilder, look yonder, do you not see it now! tense anxiety, I found the pulse returning, Ii, I aee it distinctly in ghastly outline against the and the breathing in a degree restored. l.genUy , sky; mark how it glides along, slowly, vety, whispered to him that we were going away, and alowly-a terrible shadow streaked with light, I raising him upon his feet I led him with faltering I; where the shroud parts upon the breast. See, it I steps towards the point of our entrance. In this I! IItope, it beckons, it lures us to ita haunt; ob, 1 way, with difficulty, we gained the boundaty wall, Wilder, stay not a moment, instantly let us go- , and I lifted him over, holding him with one hand, not tAat way-not tkr_1liat is the grave, ita I and 8Cl'II.IIIbling up with the other. At this mo- " grav_tread BOfUy, BOfUy, and with haste." Then ment the clock struck three, and the Bounds rOBe ! i in the delirious ecstacy of his terror he sud- fainUy from the churches of the distant city. As den1y shouted out in a loud clear voice, most I I paused afte1' my exertion, leaning against the , appalling in the absorbing silcnce of the night, wall, and still supporting 11).y companion, the cool , .. Save me, oh God, for I come into deep water. i night breeze that bore the welcome BOund of the Let not the pit shut her mouth upon me: save : bells upon ita wing&, fanned my heated brow me I save me I I go to judgment." And he made with an ineffable sense of refreshment. My short- I; a step forward, as if to advance upon the mystic ! ened breath grew deeper in the pl1re current of horror. I vital air, and my shaken frame became braced

Now was my own concern infinitely increaaed, ,again. My judgment, which had never entirely when I fancied that I myself could perceive through I deaerted me, was restored to ita full integrity with the gloom what resembled a slowly passing aha. : returning bodily strength. I felt excited, but dow, illumined below, and dark above the wall. i equal to any emergency. It waa clear that BalThe undefine<l sensation I had before experienced i four's mind had not yet sl1fficienUy recovered to swelled into a deadly .sense of sickly fear, aa I i enable him to comprehend his situation, nor did I, followed with straining eyeballs a dim something , by any remark; attempt to lead him to a COnsciOUB

that waa stealing along the verge of the enclosure, ness on this point. With thc same alow advance in the direction of the dark evergreens, erect anti we descended from the churchyard to the road. human shaped. Hud I not been infected by Here I left him and ran on to Fletcher. Jumping Balfour's abject terror (for terror is an infectious into the gig I told him to drive instantly back to disease), it is poBSible that my natural audacity where I had left Balfour. would have made me dash at the figure to solve "What is the matter?" whispered Fletcher; the dreadful mystery; bnt aa it waa, I stood, for .. have you seen the devil, or are YOll purthe moment, benumbed, terror struck, and in- sued? .. capable of motion. As I gazed with dilated pupils, I mude no &nswer, but seizing the reins from I saw the .hadow 'Wave what seemed an arm, i him, aa we approached the SllOt, I pulled up but whether to beckon us onward, or to warn I aharply, leaped from the gig, and found Balfour us to desist, I could not in the dim obscurity I exactly wbere T had left him. discern. . " Here, Fletcher, jump out and lend a hand to I

At this moment the air became filled with the get him in. " lI8D1e strange, 8weet, whistling sounds we had he-! Fletcher now whispered: "Ob, the immaculate fore heard-above, below, arOlmd us; everywhere. i Balfour drunk, I perceive." My comrade fell heavily to earth in strong con-! .. Be quiet, you know nothing ~bout it; keep vulsions, imd struggled violently in the loose I' hold of him and remain where you are until my mould, dashing it about in a fearful manner. I return; I will be with you in ten minutes." . endeavoured at first to hold him in these spasms' I haated back to the churchyard, determined " to prevent him from hurting himself, but in vain; : to aacertain, if possible, what it really was that so I let him wrestle it out, while I thn\st my ; hud upaet us BO compTetely. As I climbed the brandy-lIaak between his tightly-wedged teeth, I wall I glanced in the direction of our recent terror, and succeeded in getting some brandy into his , and leaping down, walked to the grave. Here I mouth. I thought of running for Fletcher, but I i collected the tools thst were scattered about, and feared to leave Balfour in his present atate, leat, ,seizing the e1evato'r, which made a formidable suddenly recovering, he should go raving mud to I weapon, I advanced, with a beating heart, to the I' find himaelf alone, and apparently deserted; other side of the graveyard. As 1 looked doubtbesides, what would become of the horae if Fletcher I fully round, the various dark objects in the enelewere to leave the gig. I do not know how it was I BUre ae~med perfectly stationary. At lut I -for I am aure my present situation \\"aa hAll enough i arrived at the extreme end of the yard, and leaned , -but I felt in my anxiety for poor Balfon1', and ' against the wall for a few momenta, for I felt a the constant attention I was compelled to give BUdden faintness, and the dnrknCBS which envehim, a relief from a worse and more prostrating loped me seemed 80 profound that I lost all idea of feeling, that of a terror auch as I had never under- the direction to return in. atood. before. I tried to be calm-determined not In a few minutes my faintness paased oft', but to tum my eyes in the direction of the late vili- it reqnired the utmoat resolution to enable me to Wioo, and to await, as steadily DB I could, the enter the funereal. shadows of the evergreens. I restoration of my comrade to consciousness. The 1 did enter though, and walked- round and between convulsions now nearly ceased, returning only at I what I found were cypreaa trees. No light burst intervala and in a slight degree. Still he remained from the gloom. All was bare and silent. I insensible. I had loosened his neckerchief and I returned with mUIl~ more pe~.than on my

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advance. I felt every moment as if about to be ! Balfour in the dialecting room came before me, or clasped from behind by a loatheome spectre. ' I fancied myself in the churchyard starting at Exhausted, and wet with perspiratiou, I rejoined, every noise. At last I could bear these half· my comrades. Balfour remained in the same con· I waking horrors no longer; so I determined to get dition, and Fletcher exclaimed, .. Thank. God you up and go to lecture. for it was just ten o'clock,

, I are come! I have been dreadfully frightened with the hour for it. oommencement. this living ghoat. What is the matter with him. Our profeasor was there when I arrived. After

I and what is it all about!" the demonstration was over, he signed us to , , I now hurriedly explained what had occurred, remain in our places; and having alluded with ill and told him to get home as fast as he could. great feeling to Balfour's alarming state, he went

We drove rapidly back, entered once more the 011 to say :

I deserted streets, and reached the lecture·rooms in .. I know, gentlemen, the sad necessity which I safety. I ran up the etairs to unlock the door, impele you in a Item 88UBe of duty. to procure by

and, raking the embers of the nearly extinguished your own exertions eubjecta for dissection, without

I, ,~ fire. lit a candle, and descended for Balfour. He which. it is impoaeible that you should attain aeemed partially to oomprehend that he was to thOle high ohjecte of profeaeional ambition which

, , leave the gig. Both asaisting, we got him up. a worthy etudent ever seta before hini. Oh, who ataira; and then Fletcher drove oft' to the stable. shall approach the holy tabernacle of human life •

,i I now proceeded to examine more cloaely into I framed after God'. own image, and dare to invade Balfour's condition. He was deathly pale; his I that myetical sanctuary with ignorant and unakil.

~! pupils, widely dilated, were insensible to the I ful hand! 'Who, in the red battle· field, shall dare I action of light; his extremities cold. I laid him : to practise this noblest of all the arts, without a

, on the Hoor, bathed his face and bead with cold 'I thorough understanding of the wonderful fabric water, and poured more brandy down his throat, he is to eave, or to reetore! Who, in the civil until by degrees his consciousness partially reo hoapital, or in the eacred chamber of private life,

, ' turned. I was right glad when Fletcher'e springy may dare to enter, and not bear with him, in a Btep was heard upon the stairs. After nearly two ' well balanced mind, that store of practical know·

I, ; hours of watchful care and continued endeavours, I ledge which nothing save dissection-constant,

I Balfour was much reoovered; etill there was an laborious disBBction-of the human body, and the I Ullpleaaant, unearthly stare about his face, with a ~ unwearying study of post mortenl appearances, can

11 alight squint. At times he talked incoherently. afford him? I say, if he hold not the attainment alluding to some deadly lIin he fancied he had of this knowledge as the one great object of his oommitted, for which there was no hope of forgive- life, let tbe student at once abandou his profes. n-. Dawn at last stole through the gloom, and sional career, and eeek elBBwhere for a more con. dimmed our wasted, Haring candle. When the genial pursuit. Gentlemen, our studies need no daylight was fully established, I sent Fletcher for excuse. I feel that all and each of you regard a carriage, and putting Balfour into it, drove with your comfort, your health, even your lives, as i him to his home. The family were not yet up, eecondary to a eacred duty. In your handa,

I , and directing the eervant to get him to bed as gentlemen, will by and by rest the grave reapon· quickly as poesible, I hastened to Mr. Brom· sibility of life and death,_ responsibility to be

I, field, our anatomical profeasor, and begged hiH'm eeriously yet oheerfully accepted by the well to return with me as soon as poasible. e educated and practical eurgeon, I, too, have a

. atteDded to my request at once, and on the way grave responsibility, not only as a surgeon, but as I detailed to him the adventure. Mr. Bromfield a teacher. and yet I must ask the student. to listened attentively to my recital. He considered lIuspend their important labours for a time. I that Balfour's un~ua1 terrors were due to his feel it a duty, under prC88nt distreasing circum· having been unwell before we started; that I had stances, to require your promiBBa not to engage myself been infected by my comrade's fear, and for the Pre88Jlt in any further attempt to procure that the whole thing was but the result of our Isubjecte. The difficulties and dangers which disozdered imaginations. I made no answer to beaet the inquiring student in the proeecution of

,I thMe observations; and though I inwardly wished his anatomical reeearches are a great reproach to I' that the matter could be thus satisfactorily ex· this enlightened age; but I entertain a confident 1\ plained, I knew better. We now arrived at hope that the repre88ntations of practical and I Balfour's house. When Mr. Bromfield had 888D scientific men may in1Iuence the Legislature, and I and examined the patient, he expreeaed great that a better mode of supplying anatomicalachools

1'1' alarm. He laid: .. There is much more in this with subjects will speedily rem~y the present than I at first thought. I consider him ill imme· evila we 80 much deplore.

, diate danger." He remained with poor Balfour i .. Gentlemen, the moat perfect silence is neces· i'l to see that the remedial measures which he had I aary as to the event. of last uight. From the

ordered were promptly carried out, and to break necesearily hurried: manner with which the party the matter to his friende. For my part, I returned left the churchyard, traces of their attempt may I in a sad and eubdued state of mind, and felt more poaaibly draw the attention of the authorities, and

;: than half inclined never again to attempt these lead to a public inquiry." ad9entures. Fatigue aud excitement had quite Mr. Bromfield having finished his addrese, we upaet me, and truly glad I was to find myeelf once all pledged ourselves in the way he required, and more in my own lodgings. I undreaaed and the meeting broke up. jumped into bed, but essayed in vain to aleep. Returning wearily to my l~gs I was startled Whenever I dozed oft', the horrible soene with by a placard, ~mIed~~~&rdena of

300 ONCE A WEEK. [BUT ... 1_ II Hilton, which a man was in the act of poeting np. : counteuancee of theatrical gentlemen, FopiaIL It wu .. fonow. :- prieata, and other acton, where the bluen_ of

FELONY. the mown surface interpoaea with marked e1l'ect I' lllft GVIBU8 B.nDDI between the red and white of cheek and choker. ,I

WBKBUI, late 1m nisht, or early this morning, On ~e contrary, my Agreeable .Mo~ caa bc.at a 01 some villain or Ti1Iain., unknown, entered the cbureb. caP.i11ary development of hyacmthine locka, ~~ yard of Hilton, aDd felonioualy atole the body and the whiskers that are only tamed down from a mill. gra ve·clothes of a pel'llOn therein buried, aDd have thus tu.nt air, by being trimmed and curled to the incurred t.he penalt.y of t.ransportation: ADY penon meekneu.of the lady. killer. No recll18e, or ucetic giviDg informa.tion that. may lead to the discovery of is he, but a "muacular tlhristian;" still able, if the offender, or offendera, .hall receh'e Tweuty GUiDe&8 need be, to use his fiats in aelf-defence j Itill reward upon his or their apprehension, aDd a fUlther vigoroua to pull an oar· ltill ready to ride ~ reward of Thirty Guineaa upon conviction. country whenever he 'can frame an e:rC1188 for

I do not know that the horrible witneaa of the "a short cut;" and v.ith his lungs still in a night aft"ected me more strangely than this an- highly healthy condition to bear their part in nouncement. The body gone and the grave secular glees or to chant the service in ---clothes I I read and re·read the words until the Cathedral. For, in a Minor degree, he ia one of very idea aickened me. The unearthly sounds I its dignitaries; and, within ita timeworn prewe had heard, all now bore a fearful interpre- cincta, poeaessea a anug monastic retreat, .dmir-tation. ably adapted to modern tastes and ideas.

I turned away from the contemplation of this, It lies hard by the sacred building. The giant infernal placard, repeating unconacioualy, " the' shadow of the great central tower steals over it in body and the grave-cloth~e body and the: the summer'. sunset; and the prebendal rooks grave-clothes I" Suddenly I started at full speed to ' and jackdaws take it under their protection .. 811. Balfour'e. Judge of my alarm and distress when I important portion of ecclesiutical property. We I found the street-door wide open, and the honse- go round by the Lady Chapel, by a broad walk hold in great confusion. Mr. Bromfield and between level plots of turf, and puaing under a Fletcher, with sevcral neighbouring practitioners I low, dark, groined archway, find oUl'llolves in cool " in the sick·room, drawn thithjlr by BtrUI.ge reports: grey cloisters, enclosing a aquare green lawn of Balfour's e:rtraordinary Btate. As I entered : bright with 1l0wer-know, on which we gaze the apartment, Balfour, a dying man, rose upright i through the unglazed windoWL PI_t is it on in his bed, 811.d with the same ghastly e:rpreaaion I a July day to struggle out of the glaring sUD8bine he wore in the disaecting-room, pointed at me into the refreshing retreat of these cool c10isten, with outstretched IU'IIIB, and e:rc1aimed, in a -to pace their paved walks on their northern UI.d voice that haunted my dreams for months after- western aides, and watch the golden light glowing wards : on the other aides of the aquare, bringing out into

.. See, it comes again I The grave is opened I all the sharpneu of shine and shade the bright I' I am in the Valley of the Shadow of Death-it flower.knota, the creeping muses of ivy, the mul- I groWl darker and darker-J--go---" lioned windon, and buttresses, and battlementa, :

He gradually stilfened in this fearful attitude, and warming up the queer old Gargoyles into I. and in a few minutee w .. a corpse. So ends my fresh leers and laughter. 1:1

noctuary of terror. H. Along a shady aide, and then we step into . I patches of 8unlight; and, after palling some half· TH1I: AGREEABLE MONK. dozen doors (but no windows), we come to a por- II

-- i tal whose formidable look of united oak and iron My A~ Monk is no mediteval monutic, ia considerably enlivened by a door· plate and

J'rith ~l'gtl gown and knotted cord; and the near- ! letter-box in the newest style of mediteval enrich- Ii est approach that he ever makes to such a costume ,ment. FlltlCinated by the gay coloUr&, we peruse I ' ia when he takes his ease in his rich figured dres· the rubric legends, and, trout-like, swallow the sing-gown tied about with a bell-pull. And yet, ,bait. A tug, and we are hauled within, and in a in his aptitude for hilarity and good living, is he I trice are landed in the domains of our AgreeahIe 'II like to those monks of old, who sang, and laughed, Monk. ~d the rich wine quaft"ed, and lived on the dain- I An oak-panelled hall, matted under foot. On tiest fare. But my Agreeable Monk has not yet one wall the Oxford A1manac1t, meditevally ,I reached to his mediftlval age, not having been born I framed; on the other aide, over a Gothic oak II until this present century had quite run out of 'hall-table, a framed and emblazoned.list of 811.- Ill',

its teens; and though, like the geDtlemen just j thems and cathedral-services for the week. Hard alluded to, he very frequently laughs hal hal with ,by, over-coats, boating-hat&, chimney-pot-hats, " a heartineu that ia infectious, yet I may venture i and college.cape; then 8urplices 811.d hoods, pen-to say, that he so far comes short of his models in' dant from the wall, where at night, .. I walk by that he has never quaft"ed hal hal the recipe for them, they look like the ghoats of murdered that peculiar beverage having been lost in the minor-canoDL And (Nota Bene I) not far from medileval miats. them, a cupboard lurking beneath the stairs; U1d,

My Agreeable Monk, too, baa no circular spot within it, a goodly store of pipes and tobacco. shaveu upon the top of his crown, a veritable Down the hall, and to the further end of a pMcrown-piece gleaming like silver from its dark 1 II1II8, and we pass through a door. ' boundary of hair; neither baa he smoothly-shaven A tolerably large and lofty room, of colleaiate I jesuitical cheek., such .. we meet with on the character, luxurioua, and comiortable. De croon It

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are of panelled oak, with ecclesiastical handles pictures by Raffaelle and Ary Scheffer, interspersed and hinges; there are twotaI1 mnllioned windows, with large photographs of English and Conti· filled with sheets of plate·glllBll; and there is an nental Cathedrals, and with :I. few masterly w:l.ter· enormous fire.plaoe, with steel doge, and shining colours. 'l'hey are hung in frames of gold, and encaustic tiles, and " black oak chimney.piece velvet, and carved oak; and, as they all haye nearly touching the ceiling, rich in carved work, wide white margine, they show out with telling relieved with gilding, and gay with " double effect from the sea·green waU.. The book·cases row of emblazoned .coats·of·&rmI. The walle are are of light polished woods, carved in placee with

, papered with a light _.green, diapered with open work, behind which dark green cloth has dark green lleur.de.lye; the window·cwtains are been introduced; green leather, .tamped with a now" thin white ml1alin, but in colder weather gold pattern, is hung from the shelveI, which are marone, with a broad gold border of a Greek Rat· laden with richly.bound books, redolent of rl18Bia, tern; the carpet a 80ft Turkey, on which the I and magnificent with morocco. In one corner is footfalls die a Desdemona death. Thickly hung a stand for portfoliOl! and prints; opposite to it is upon the walls are proof. prints Crom world·famed a Collard's semi.grand, on which the Agreeable

I, Konk will by.and.by ruacourae moat excellent I corner, is a writing·teble,~ well appointed that I music. Dotted about everywhere are Varioue l it is a pleasure to sit down to it, and scribble off a

apecies of the gmull chair-Glastonbury chain, whole week'. arreara of correspondence. From lounging chairs, easy chairs that do not belie their the cushioned r6CeBIIe8 of the two windows, we can name, and stiff· backed chairs, for ornament (it is I look out on the ftower·pots of a trimly·kept gar· to be pl"8ll11Dled) and not for penance. Then, den, .haded by venerable limes and cedara. ThOle there are two or three tables, where are news· sweet blol8Omy limes are a very store· house of papers, and some of the latest periodicals and enjoyment for the Agreeable Monk's bees, who reviews, and a miBcellaneous oddment of the cur· are grandly lodged in yonder ecclesiastical sum· rent eacred and profane literature, etacked for mer·house, the Gothic carvings of which were convenience of reference (with a Peerage, and a conatructed "out of his owh head," as was once Clergyman's Almanac, and a Gardening Calen· observed by a jocose prebendary, adopting the dar, and a Book of Anthems, and a Clergy List, witty saying of another jocose prebendary, in and Army List, and Navy List, and other handy order to make mild fun out of the Agreeable books) in oak book·stands with carved ends of Monk's amateur carpenteri9S!1' And ~here, against ahielde and fteur-de·lys. And, in a well· lighted the south wall o~,~!1,~et!mf4£.~()Vi tire Cathedral

il 30t ONCE A WEEK. [Suo,. 8, 1'" II 1,\ Ii towers o'ertopping the elms for a background to ponderous GregoriaDS, or heathenish waltzea,- ,I

the view, there is a conservatory filled with floral now exhibiting, with a collector's UlUlto, a rare I' beauties. to whom the Agreeable Monk makes black.letter, or choice Cuton,-now darling into \i himaeH as benevolently amiable as though he were his garden to remove a anail from the Ducheaa of the Lady of the Sensitive Plant. Sutherland, or BOme withered leaves from the

What a chlmlling snuggery it is, lacking no· Souvenir de Malmaiaon,-now taking me up.ataira I thing but a wife to make it perfect; though, if to his workshop, amid the big beams of the high. : the hundred tongues of Rumour speak the truth pitched roof, where he has & lathe and all other " (and, for a wonder, they are unanimous on this carpenter's tools. and where he asWl me out a point), an Eve is BOOU to appear in this Paradise, shield, and turns me a tobacco·stopper, while I and the Monk will have to break his celibate vow. note the Rembrandt effect of the sunbeams 'i There is room for her at any rate; for are there streaming through the narrow mullioDB of the , not two sitting.rooms downstairs. and two bed· '\ dormer windows, and barely lighting the odd lum· ' rooms with dressing. rooms upstaira? BO let her her of the quaint room. come, and welcome; and .. for the future, (as By.and.by I am carried off to the coach·ho_

I Horace saya) don't ask what fate is going to and stables. where an episcopal.looking cob

, 1lcstow upon YOll. At present, the Agreeable whinnies a How.d'ye·do, and a l>andie Dinmont Monk's nuraery is in his garden. rushes at us with frantic caresses. Then, Dandie

I As for domestic arrangements,-beeides a boy Dinmont leading the way, we paBII on to the fruit in buttons, of preternatural sharpneaa, who is his and kitchen, garden, sloping down to the river's

Ii own peculiar aIavey,-there are male and female edge, where the centre walk terminates in a flight servants to obey his wanta. in common with those of steps descending to the water. Moored close

I of his five other companions who may happen to beside the steps is what is called by the poets "a ! I be" in residence." Their homes all lie in these light shallop," but by mortals a pleasure boat, I cloistered courts, and they form a corporation of into which Dandie jlUnps, and we step; and, pre-

I their own, as the aforesaid jocose prebendary sently, cool and comfortable in his shirt,sleeves, observed, when he directed attention to the the Agreeable Monk is pulling me up the stream, ! I' increasing rotundity in the form of one of the -I steering, and Dandie keeping a sharp look-out I

I reverend gentlemen; and they have their own a·head. So, up the river for 0. mile or BO, and I II lands and properties, and are mighty big folk then turn, dropping quietly down with the IItream, \\ a.ccordingly. -the rich meadows on either hand, with cattle,

\ My Agreeable Monk-in anticipation, I 8\IPpoae, and cluml18 of treea,-and before U8 the quaint

'of the coming change in his, condition,-has old city, with its brid~ and cathedral towan. il thought fit to convert a room, on the opposite side And while we gaze, the bella begin to softly chime

I of the cloistered quad, into a kitchen, that is as for afternoon l,rayer; and BO, we moor the boat, unlike to an ordinary kitchen .. the Agreeable and stable Dandie. Monk is to an anchorite of old. For, besides Ere the last vibratioDB of the chimes have :\ its mullioned windows and carved stone fire.place, quivered upon the ripples of the air, the surplice

1'1 its walls are curiouaIy ornamented like a par- of the Agreeable Monk has fluttered through the \, , quetted lI.oor, while the floor itael£ is laid with private cloister that connects his own quad with

encaustic tiles. Not that there is any urgent need the BOuthern transept of the cathedral, and he is for this glorified kitchen·; for is there not the in his own proper stall, and I not far distaut.. great kitchen common to the lIix cloistered monks, Then I hear once more that grand Service, that, from whence, at the word of command, as with daily for centuries, has led the worahip of God in the waving of a magic wand, all the wonders of one long BOng of most triumphant praise. Then cookery will arise. But my Agreeable Monk likes we return through the private cloister, and linger II to do thin", on the grand seigneur scale; and, I in its cool precinct. to note its old oak. roof. whose \11

do.reaay, when dinner·time comes, instead of let· beams are BO curiously carved with birds. and ting us enjoy our Mte·a·Mte in that anug dining. beasts. and fishes, and Noah going into the ark, room of his (whose only off_iva decoration is and Josellh's dream of the sheaves, and the spiel 1'1

that too.popular print of the Three Impossible bearing the fruit of the Promiaed Land. The next Choristers-their appearance here to be excused morning I hear the cathedral service again, lIut; on the ground of association and 8\Iblimation of from a novel quarter-the room over the north ideas), he will haul me up to the other end of the transept. cloistera, up the grand staircase, and into the It is a large and lofty room; BO large, that it; great dining.hall (iu which, to quote the jocose 1 covers the whole of the spacious transept; 10

prebendary, he and his corporation have a vested, lofty, that its groined roof i. high enough for a interest), where I shall not be surprised to find! church. It has but two windows at its north covera laid for a Bcore. Nor shall I wonder if, : end; it is true that they are very large windows, later in the evening, we adjourn to the music· I but their glass quarries arc encrD8ted with a cen· room,.where, arrayed in awfulstste in the orches· : tury's accumulation of dirt and cobwebs; and, tra, he and his con.fr~t8 will fiddle me either into ! therefore the light that struggles through them I' Elysium or into the land of Nod. I is certainly dim, and may possibly be religious

How, as I lounge in a luxurioua chair in'that ' alao. ! light, and pleasant, and thoroughly liveable 'room' Scattered around the room, are cases and cheats, of hia-~ow I marvel at the Agreeable Monk, as i clamped and bound with iron, and profusely pad. II

he roves from sweet to sweet of his charming , locked: they are outwardly covered with dust, home,-now mounting his music·stool to play I and inwardly c~ed ~t....deeds and U Digitized by '-''--''--'(5L\:

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regiatara, and nobody knows what. Standing -while I look at these glorified maDU8Cripts, and about on the dark oak floor-tall, attenuated, a.nd speolllate against the probabilities of the amAteur gaunt, the very ghoets of woe·begone book~ artiste, their authors, producing more than one are numeroU8 old presses, containing more nome· luch work in au average lifetime, the Agreeable raus, and still older, book.. The preaaea are very Monk, my friend, takes off hie coat, and pursues ehabby in their outward seeming; the boob atill hie beloved (and gratuitoU8) work of arranging. more 10. Yet, as in life, thOle squalid, shabby- and preserving, and collating, and mending, and looking cues have bright and good content&, that patching, and binding, and, in short, rescuing can make IUIlIIhine in many a dark spot, aud from general oblivion a.nd destruction these marcheer many a ead hour. Theee gaunt an(l shabby VellOU8 volumes which were once 10 deservedly p~ are so many armouries for books; for prized, and have for 10 many yeans been wantonly every book within them has its sides protected by neglecte:J. Already has he diacovered more than plates of metal-breastplates that have guarded one volume that is supposed to be unique; and them from the onslaught of damp, and hav.e .has brought to light othera that the British warded off many a piercing thrust from grub and 'Muaeum would willingly purchase for a very large worm. They are also a very Tyburn for books; IUm. for every book is hung in chaiWl, like culprit AI we puraue our respective occupatio_he, volumes that have been gibbeted for their evil blowing clouds of dU8t, and rU8ting hie hands, and d-u; and it is far from imposaible but what rattling hie chains, like a very Bibliomaniac as he they may, in their time, have murdered many a is,-I, poring over a very fleshy Moees being fact and reputation_ These cho.iWl are long and taken out of very verdant bulrWlhes by a dollI"IUIty, and are made to llide upon iron rods tbat faced. l"ady attired in the homed head-dress of run the whole Jength of the presses, and are then Henry the Fifth,-while we are thus buried in faatened with a padlock; and at the end of each meditation and cJOU(la of dust, the cathedral preas is a book-desk. aervice is going on tlown below, and the waves

Even now, as I gaze upon my friend'i Library, of BOund float into our dim old chamber, and I can fancy that I see the old monks taking down waft our thoughts to the haven where they their Chrysoetom, or Cyprian, or the .. Canones would be. Apoatolici," or the "Liber Sacerdotalia," or the And thua, amid these sightS and lOunds, I sit, .. Corpua Juris Canonici," or the" Codex Canonum and gue,. and liaten, and dream.--dreams that Eccleailll Univerae," or the .. Hesychii Lexicon' are only interrupted by the rattling of the old Gnec~," or the .. Summa SumJlUB" of Thomas rnaty chaine, when my companion bestows his Aquinas, or any other book of reference, or duteoU8 care on another gibbeted volume. May history, or devotional exercise, and laying it upon that, hie labour of love, be hie least worthy the book-shelf within length of the chain, the while monument! ' they turned to lOme paaaages, and perhaps made But whenever I lee hie name in print, and, a mark for future refereuce, by picking up one of affixed thereto, those mystio Jettera that lignify ,the reeds from the rush-strewn floor and placing hie Univeraity rank, I take thOle two limple it between the leaves: and 10, to make my fancy letters, A.M., to stand not for plain .. Maatar of more life-like, as I turn over the leaves of the Art&," but for .. Agreeable Monk." chained booke, I come upon many of these monkish CU'l'JI:BDT BKDL

,! markera-dry reeds that, as I touch them, crumble into the dust, to which they who placed them there have long aince turned. And I can fADcy tboee old monks, wishflll to read further in their own cloistered. cell, their" Poly carpi EpistoJa," or .. Beda; Opera," or "Bibliotheca Patrum," and

I: applying for a loau of the volume to the Librarian, i I who would slide the chain to the end of the bar, II unlock the padlock, lift up the bar, slip the chain : I from off it, and deliver over the book to the

I, ': applicant.

I can fancy all this. In my imagination, I can ,I Bee thOle monkl of old thul reading, and thU8

taking down, those gibbeted books. But the

"['I' Agreeable Monks I see doing it in reality: and,

while I look over lOme rare maDuacripta, and marvel at the wonderflll labour bestowed upon

, them, :with their brilliant illuminatioUl as clear and vivid as though painted yesterday, and their

ELFIE MEADOWS. A. PUT day in leafy June, white clouds ani ftoating

high, Leisurely through the blue upanae, and heel hum

drowsily; In shady nooks the cattle herd, and J'UlDiDatiog

doze, While onward, with a rippling SOIl& the glancing river

ftows.

With fairy steps a maiden IItroll'd alODg the rnshy bank,

Her light foot hardly _m'd to crush the daisies wbera it aank.

The dragon-ftiee nnheeding brush her 80ft curIa as they , pBII8;'

The wary lizard boldly pe8pe from 'neat.h his tuft of gl'll8ll.

srot;esque biblical illustratioDl (yet witbal 10 Beneath her hat of plaited straw her eyes shine soft and valuable to the arclueologist and artist), in which blue, King Pharaoh, in an embroidered BUfCoat and Her tender, quivering mouth tella tales of feeling deep Milan luit of armour of the time of Richard the and true: Second, is purauing llIl'88litea, who wear tabards, 0 Ellie Meadows , __ eipteen-how many a hean with hats, and acripe, and staves, like Chaucer'. h .. beat poor ploughman-and who are emb088ed and To kill the 1I0w'ret in your hand, tJae daisies 'neath touched up with gold, in a manner we wot not of, 10ur f~'t I G' I

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ONCE A WEEK. [SU'!'o 8, ueo.

Yet fCOrn can dwell in those lWeet eyes, cold words those lips can speak;

Por many, though you're scarce eighteen, to gain your love would seek.

You wave them off with calm disdain. Have you no heart to give'

Or is it in YO\1l'llelf alone, and for yourself, you live'

Not 110, sweet mfie: next your heart a tiny pledge you wear,-

Within a case of purest gold a lock of raven hair ; And ever and anon YOI1 take, and to your lips you

preas, This tokel! of unfailing love to cbeer your loneline".

"And if," I ask, "long years shol!ld paa, and lit sbol!ld not retl!rn,

Tbis tributeofafieeting love you scornfully would spm1I r " Never," she 8&Y8, with flasbing eyes; "time matten

not to love; A nd ours is true, -it springs below, bnt rears ita fruj\

above."

"Ah, Elfie, but you little know how abeeace_ estr&llge,-

How fondeat hee.rta at £e.at find out 'till possible to change." She lltamp'd her little foot at me. •• I tell you 'tia noh) With love that bears ita fiowen aloft, and baa ita rwIa

below."

.. Others have said the same," quoth I, well as you,

"who loved as ' We two sat on a mossy bank, her 801l eyes look":

Y tt ten or tWt'Dty yt'arB have served to prove their love unt.rue."

lIer small white handa she tightly clasp'd, and said, with face a·glow,

.. Their love no fruit could bear on high-it had no root Lelow."

"And yonrs, my Elfie," murmured I, .. bow can you te.t. its truth,-

It may b~ that lnllturcr years will scorn the love of youth 1"

.. Nay, try ma not too hard," she said, .. I only know Iinve,

before Into tbe river's crystal depths; fain ... ·ould I teal ber

more; Bl!t one she little wist wa~ near, had secretly o'erheanl Words that his inmost heart had toucb'd, his deepetl • pulses stirr'd. .

"And what," he ask 'd. in qui\"ering tones, "illOlllt friend true and tried

Had told you that your faithleas Guy bad found another bride'"

Around bis neck sbe wildly fiung her a.nna with joyoUJ glee:

would I believe you could he false .. Ab, never, Gny, to me I" A n,1 love that b~s ~n~h r~ot belew is perfected above." T. I

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LAST WEEK. 305

seats, ruined themselves, or at least, saddled their magnificent estates with burdens from w·hich they

TBB BARllEN BE!ISlON. would never have been relieved but for the im-Tm: Session of IS60 is at an end. Our legis- proved value communicated to their estates by the

lato1'8 have not much in the shape of definite I introduction of steam. Railroads have been the results to show for the labour of seven months. In panacea for the political unthrift of the last cellpublications more especially devoted to the diactlll- tury. Old George Stephenson, and that brave sion' of political events, the Seaaion which baa just band of mute Paladins, who clambered up been brought to a close haa been already stigma. behind him from the darkneaa of the north tiaed aa the Barren Seaaion. Towards its close country mines, to the light of day, have praye1'8 might well have been put up in our been the true saviours of the Squirearchy churches for laws, as thcy have been offered for and territorial ariatocracy of England. The partyrain. For months and months nothing was heard contests, which had been for awhile suspended, of but frnitleaa diacnaaiona upon a Reform Bill, by the imminent dangers of the war between conC8llling which not even John Bright was in Europe and the first French Empire, were renewed earnest.· with increased bitterneaa in IS16. Between that

Some thirty yea1'8 ago, or thereabouts, Lord date and 1846 we saw the fullest deVelopment i ! .Tohn Rnaaell carried a Reform Bill when the and the extinction of party strife. Whigs and I altemative was a revolution. and therefore he Tories carried on the war as though they were I· thought it his duty to carry a Reform Bill in IS60, I born to be each other's natural antagonists. A

I::, when the alternative waa to let it alone. Fifteen Radical WRB a mad dog to be hunted down by the years ago the late Sir Robert Peel carried the I Attorney-General and his law beagles, &Dl.ldat the Repeal of the Com Laws, and a general change in general applause. In those days tbe late Earl

, our commercial system from Protection to Free Grey was a probability; Lord Eldon a po88ibility ; Trade; therefore, in 1860, Mr. Gladstone endea- William Cobbett a neceaaity. We could not, if we voured to burn up the laat raga of Protection, and would, handle again either the rapiers or the to make a complete end of the task which·the bludgeons with which our elders ran each other great Engliab statesmen had taken in hand in the through the body in a gentlemanlike way, or broke

I! years 1845-46. Again, more than thirty years each other's heads in a rude but thoroughly efficient

I ago, Catholic Emancipation became an acknow- manner. Now-a-days we should think of Earl I lodged fact; in other words, the nation solemnly Grey RB Polonius; of Lord Eldon as an intelligent

decided that religious opinions should not, in any Druid; of William Cobbett as a .. rough." There II way, affect the political status of British subjects. is a great gulf between the England of IS15 and' Ii From that time, down to the present, there have IS60. There are no longer stmggles for the three

:,' I been spaamodic attempts made in Parliament to great principles of Religious Freedom, Political

emancipate the Jews from the miserable reatric· Freedom, Commercial Freedom. Our heads are tiona which savoured of the Ghetto, and the yellow npon the pillows which onr fathers have made gown of the middle ages. Of these, too, there is smooth, and it is only in dreams we can take part

'ii' an end; but it is only in the Se88ion which is now in the gigantic struggles of opinion in whit:h they

concluded that the oath administered to a Jewish were engaged. When we meddle with such member baa been placed upon a footing which matters we are but feeding upon the scraps which

I relieves him of all humiliation when he takes the have fallen from their table. We are crossing seat to which he baa been elected by the free their t'" and dotting their i',. We are wearing choice of a British conStituency. Here, then, are their old coats, and writing postscripts to their three great principles which were not acknow· letters. Weare painting their lilies and gilding ledged in our statute· book without three solemn their gold. . struggles which shook the structure of English Does this therefore mean that we have no aociety to its very fonndation. They were carried , struggle bef~ us ?-and that because our fathers in fitting order: First, there waa Religious I toiled we can fold our handa in sleep, and give Freedom; secondly, there was Political Freedom; I ourselves up to disgraceful lethargy! Not so. thirdly, there was Commercial Freedom. In the We have our appointed task aa they had theirs; days when these great matters were at iaane- ' but our taBk is different in kind. Let us, how· matters which stirred men's hearts and made their ever, see what it is, and not, because we mistake blood leap madly in their vein8-naturally there the Paat for the Present, say that there is nothing was great turmoil and contention within and with· left for us to do. We might as well whine over out the walls of Parliament. In those days a polio Stonehenge, aa lament over the decay of parlia· tical Dilettante waa out of place. You would aa mentary strife and the decline of party spirit. lOOn have expected to find a lounger of the St. What if the life and brain of England have pa888d James Street clubs in the ranks of Cromwell's from Parliament into the nation, is that any great Ironsides. Fathers turned aside from their aona if 1088 ! Our elders fought for thirty years that this they "went wrong,"-that is, if they fell off from very result might come to p&88. Of course we shall the political traditions of their family, whatever not henceforward have as many gladiatorial dis· these might be. The Whigs and Tories carried on plays within the walls of the two Houses, but we their party-strife with an inveteracy which WRB shall have more magnificent achievements per· ~ter than the hatred of private life. They formed by the nation collectively-and by the ranted against each other on the hustings-they individuals of whom it is composed. Here we dined against each other at Pitt and Fox dinners. have a nation of 30,000,000 of energetic peopleCountry.gentlemen, in order to carry country· leaving India and ,tile coloma.out AfI the question

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-who can say what they like, write what they opinions of men were divided; but, as far as may I

like, and do what they like, 80 they do not be gathered from the tone of our public write .... infringe "a few very simple laws enacted for the opinion seems to be gravitating owards the COD

common benefit of all. The old English blood elusion that, although not strictly correct on ecohas not stagnAted in our veins. The population nomic principles, on the whole it was worth our of the country is rapidly increasing despite of the while to assist the French Emperor in his praiee. ' enormous drain of emigration-nor has the race worthy endeavours to vaccinate the French nation degenerated in any respect. Most of the anits of with a little matter drawn from the healthy arm armour in the Tower would be found too small for of Riehard Cobden. This matter also was disc~ the stout limbs of the·young Cumberland recruits at great length, and finally settled in a manner of I

who join the ranks of our Household troops. The which the nation approves. To be sure we shonld I

duration of life has increased. It is a mistake Lo have been glad if Sir Richard Bethell had carried suppose that the increase of Inxnry has sapped th" his Bankruptcy Bill, and his proposala for the vigour of the English people. We have still a consolidation of the criminal law; but these may practical monopoly of the coal and iron of the be looked for early next session. Even with regani world, and increased skill in using them. Better to the first named of these measures, how justly , still, we have absolute f~om of action and the Commons intervened, and checked the great thought. It is, then, natural enough, and scaroely lawyer in one or two injudicious provisions which a conclusion to be regretted, that the thoughts of he had introduced into his bill! If these bills, Englishmen are more inteDt upon private enter- and a few like them, which were not calculated. to prise than upon the .. struggles," as they are call forth any serious division of opinion, had been I

called, of political life-where struggles there are carried through, we should not have had any none. Let Parliament go wrong-that is, oppose serious reason to quarrel with this barren seuion I

on any vital point the desires of the natiou, and of 1860. there would be little doubt as to the result which There has, no doubt, been a great deal of idle would instantly follow. LM us uot, then, blame talk, but it will probably remain a difficn1ty until our legislators too much if from this Session of the world's end to collect together 650 men and 1860 we have not reaped an ample crop of laws. give them well-nigh unlimited freedom of apeech The tendency of Parliament is to become every without danger of this evil. On the whole, year more and more a mirror in whicli the forms honourable gentlemen have talked a certain of public opinion are represented." amount of nonsense, but have acted much good I

To say this is not to say that the British Par- sense in the session of 181.10. liament has degenerated, but that the nation BE COMBS. has increased in intelligence and power. The TIlE cry at Naples whilst 'these lines are being British statesman has still a noble task before him I committed to paper is still of the proximate arrival in the conduct of our relations with foreign powers. of Garibaldi, at the head of the revolution. Before It is still his province to carry into effect such they are published there will probably be an end changes in our laws as may be rendered. neees- of the dynasty of the Neapolitan Bourbons. Every sary by the altered. circumstances of the times. one is falling off from the king. He has no longer His place is still in the vangnard of the nation. even the lazzaroni of the Neapolitan quays, or any The position is still one of such honourable conaiderable body of foreign mercenaries on whom distinction that it must be coveted by all men who he may rely in the hour of his need. Empire has are endowed with aptitudes for public life. Occ&- literally passed from the hands of Francis IL He sion arising. no doubt men will be found in abun- is now bllt titular sovereign of the Two Siciliea, dance equal to the necessities of .the time. So it as he claims to be titular sovereign of Jerusalem. is with Parliament generally, Why should we ' Domestic conspiracy has been added to the misesneer at this poor session of 1860 ? Have not the I ries and misfortunes of the last days of the two Houses very fmly represented. the political • Bourbons in Naples. The Prince Luigi, than ideas of the nation during the current year! whom a man more contemptible could be found Some of us were for trying a Reform Bill. The I with difficulty, even upon the bead·roll of emu. i

majority of the nation were indi1ferent to the I cu1ated Italian princes, would have succeeded to I subject. These two views, and in due proportion, I his inheritance before he was dead. Francis II. were adopted by Parliament. We have all run i overcame that difficulty, but he cannot overcome mad-judiciously enough-about volunteering. I the greater difficulty of Italy in arms and Gari· Parliament has patted the volunteers on the back ' baldi at its head. Had the race of these Neapovery handsomely. We all felt that the question Ilitan Bourbons been one whit lese treacherous and .' of our military arrangements in India, should be , blood-thirsty, one might look with something like placed upon lOme stable and permanent footing. I compasaion upon the last fruitlese struggle in Parliament has settled the matter in the way I which he is engaged, even whilst we write_ An which had upon its side the weight of luperior ; army is there which wears his uniform. and will authority. We all of us are cReting anxious I do everything but fight for him. A fleet is still glances at the continent of Europe, and feel, that, I under his flag, but is just waiting for the moment come what may. England must be pnt in" a state I to haul it down. He is inhabiting his palace atill, of security. Parliament has voted the money but the Austrian frigate in the offing is his only necessary for the defence of our great areenals; home. He makes promises which no one believes, and in other respects has gone quite as far! and recaives in return lip-homage which is only a as the bnlk of the nation were disposed to go. I mockery. But for the tyranny of the first few I Upon the oonclUlion of the treaty with France, the I montha or weeka of his rule, ,Adowereogt'tenot that I

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': LAST WEEK. 307 I: I the yet unburied corp88s, and blackened walla of lOme stench! This blot, however, hu been I Palenno tutUy against him, his fate might awake removed, and Englishmen may now point, with

lOme little sympathy in the hearts even of thoee honest pride. to the home which hu been prewho had suffered from the cruelty and bigotry of pared for their students. Almost equal praise must his father. What a destiny it was to be bom the be given to the manner in which the book-depart-

I summor king of that lovely land, where the blue ment of the Museum generally is conducted, under II waters of the Mediterranean wash the rock. upon the careful IIoIld intelligent management of Mr.

I which the orange trees grow; where the air is 80 Panizzi. There is not a more US/Iful public delicate and light that one draws in contentment servant to be found. . and happiness with every breath. So very easily Here, however, there must be an end of praise.

" ruled are the people in this sontllem paradise, that , In the Museum we have the finest collection of II it was not necessary to be a great, nor a wise, nor I Greek scull)ture in the world,-but in how pnJtry ,i a good king; but simply to abstain from the most I a manner it is displayed. The contincnbl

violent forms of tyranny IIoIld wickedness. From traveller-and everybody is a continental traveller the days when old Tiberius fixed his last abiding- in these day_thinks with shame upon the differ-

) place on the summit of Capri, till those when Fer- ence between the arrangements which he finds at dinand 11. filled his dungeons in Ischia and Procida Rome, Florence, Paris, and elsewhere. and those I with state prisoners, the Southem ItaIiana have which are deemed good enough in London for the

I, been well broken in to masterful rule. They exhibition of the noblest worb of antiquity. No would not have been shocked at trifles. By reli- doubt. in magnitude and in numbel'll, the Roman

, ' giOD. by temperament, and by tradition they were collections are superior to our own; but even at

!II' accustomed to acquiesce in the guidance of a strong Rome, there is nothing which we would receive in

hand, and were not ready to ehallenge any exer- exehange for our own EJgin marbles. In the cise of power 80 it did not drive them to deapera- Vatican they would be enshrined in a maguificent

II tion. The Neapolitan Bourbons, however, have temple, worthy of sueh precious relics of the genina 'I' 'I' tired out the patience of this people, and it needs of by-gone days. The sculpture-room at the

but the presence of the deliverer to drive the Louvre may well put us to shams, although the young sovcreign from that splendid throne, which Parisian collection is not to be mentioned by the he might have held throughout a long liCe, had he I aide of our own English treasures in marble. Even simply abstained from walking in the steps of hill , the little collection at Munich is shown to such father. Rdvantage that it is doubled in value. Passing

I,' I The march of Garibaldi from Reggio to Naples, from the works of the ancient. to those of modern will probably be all the march of our own artiste, is it not wonderful that English soulptors William from Torhay, or the march of Napoleon can be induced, year after year, to exhibit their

,I from Cannes. When the Neapolitan "difficulty" worb in that dismal little hole at the Academy. I is disposed of, we shall probably hear that the which is thought good enough for the reception of

I Pope, in his temporal capacity, is melting away the fruits of their annual toil? The portrait-bnats, like a snow-figure in the sun-shine-afterwarda, in particular, are 80 arranged that they would be what! Let na trust that the Italians will retain almost ridiculous if light enough were admitted moderation in the midst of their triumphs, and into the apartment to permit of a judgment upon not ~ too ready to invoke a coutest with a coali- the general effect. tion, which noW' seems to number in its ranb the It is tT:te same with regard to our pictures. Let united Powers of Germany and RUBBia. Provi- us be frank-the National Gallery is a national

I: dence is too apt to be on the aide of the best disgrace. Of course, all far all the number of " drilled grenadiers. The condition of Italy since pictures is concerned, we cannot yet boast of being

1815 is a convincing proof of this lamentable upon an equality with lOme of the continental fact. nations. hut we pOS888l many pictures by the

TBlC NATIONAL MUSEUMS. hands of the old masters which are of the very W JlA.T a pity it is that all our National coll&- . highest merit. Our national collection is small,

tions of pictures, of statues, of antiquities, of but in the maiV it is good. There is not in it, objects of Natural History, should be shom of half even comparatively speaking, anything like the their value from the meann_ of the varions same amount of inferior pictures all may be seen, buiIdi,nga in whieh they are exhibited to public for example, in the great gallery of the Louvre. view, and from the confused manner in which they The rooms, however, in whieh the English picare huddled together. We have, in London, but turea are hung are, in every way, contemptible, one room which is really worthy of the purpose to and unworthy of the purpose to whioh they which it is devoted, and that is the new Reading- have been assigned. If a suitable frame serves room of the British Museum. This, indeed, is a to bring out the beauties of a picture, 80 also magnificent apartment-a credit to the country, d08l a suitable room serve to bring out the fnIl and a great hoon to all men engaged in literary beauties of the pictures when framed. Light is, pW'luit&. It Wall well-nigh impouible to work out of course, a vital question. Even the light at

.any literary task in the room formerly set aside at the National Gallery is admitted in an insuftithe British Museum for the use of students. The cient way. It is eMy enough for Londoners to Museum head-ache had become a by-word. How appreciate the difference which good hanging and was it pouible to enract, from the over-tasked I good light may make in the apparent value of brain, the due execution of the daily task, when 1 pictures. Not 80 long aince, the magnificent the atmosphere in whieh the labour was per- i collection of his own worb, bequeathed by Mr. formed Wall little better than a foul and unwhole- I Turner to the nation, ~boi{!ein the dull,

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dingy rooms of Marlborough House. Every one W88 81Upriaed at the little effect which they produced. They were then moved up to Brompton, and although the rooms in which they are now hung are but part of a temporary building, we can there see, for the first time, what the works of Turner really are. Our modem oil'painteJ'll are equally cramped for !!pace in the rooms devoted to the annual exhibition of the Royal Academy. The old and the modem painteJ'll cannot live under the lWIIe roof any longer, unl_ that roof COVeJ'll a very different building from the National Gallery at ChBring Cross. Some time back we heard of a proposition for converting Burlington Houee, and the aurrounding space, into a eeries of galleries for the use of modem artists, 88 painters in oil, painteJ'll in water-colouJ'll, sculptors, &c. In that cue the idea was to give up the National Gallery at Charing Cr088 exclusively to the collection of ancient masteJ'll. It was not intended at first to pull down the building, and erect a new one which should be worthy of the purpoee and of the nation; although, if the great gallery of the nation is to remain in that spot, nothing will be done until that is done. For the preBent everything is at a dead-lock, and the explanation ie this. The Court are annous that the collection of ancient masteJ'll shouid be moved up to Brompton. This proposition was distasteful to the public, and when it came to be inquired into by commissioneJ'll appointed by the Crown for the purpose, the opinion of the majority of the commission8J'll 80 appointed was in favour of leaving the great National Collection at Charing CrollS. To have acted upon the Burlington Houee idea would have clenched this suggestion-and that is not a thing which will be done. The partisans of the Brompton scheme are biding their time patiently, 'and moving up by driblets, and without attracting public attention, as many pictures 88they may. Meanwhile, and on account of this difference of opinion, nothing decisive will be carried out, or even attempted for lOme time to come,and we must content ourselves with our miserable picture-galleries with the best grace we may.

Looking back from these to the collections of natural history and of antiquities at the British Museum, we find the same lethargy prevailing. The time has come when we must make up our minds either to eever the collections, or to increaee the building in Great RUBBell Street to an enormous degree; or, finally, to acquiesce in the practical inutility of the varioue collections. We had rather not adopt the third alternative; the eecond seems out of the question on the score of expense, 88 the price of land in the immediate neighbourhood of the Museum is 80 enormous ;-the third remains.

During the eeBlion of parliament jnat concluded, a eelect committee sat to inquire into the subject, but they have not done much. The pith and marrow of their suggestions just amount to this, that the matter should be left 88 heretofore in the hands of the trustees. But it is in the hands of the trustees that matters have come to their P'rellent pass. Therefore, the decision to leave the aft'air, 88 heretofore, in the hands of the

trustees amounts to an adoption of the third alternative. Mr. A. H. Layard. addreaaed a letter last week upon this lubject to the "Timea," in which he describes the miserable condition in which he found the ABlyrian collection. 88 well 88 the relica . of Greek Art lately brought from Hali~ ! The students of natural history also complain, on their lide, that the collectious from which they are annoul to derive information are in such a confused state, owing to the defective nature of the accommodation, that their value is much depreciated, as far 88 the student is concerned. The natural remedy would appear to be a severance of the collections. It W88 proposed before the oem· mittee that the collectioDl of natural history should be eeparated from those of antiquity and Art; but this proposition, which seems reasonable enough, W88 Bummarily rejected.

Undoubtedly it would be a grand thing if at South Kensington, or on any other suitable lite, there could be erected one or two great buildings which should contain the national conections of painting and sculpture. One would wish for a more central lituation, certainly; but London is extending iteelf 80 rapidly in all directiODS that it is not a little di1Ii.cult to uy where the centre of the town will shortly be. Beaidea, if the lICheme of metropolitan railroads be carried out, 88 intended, South Kensington will Bhortly be bat • quarter of an hour from anywhere.

The question obviously seems at prM8Ilt to lie between that lite and Burlington H01UIe.. If either of the two collections is to be removed from the British Museum, it seemB a pity not to aelect that one for removal which would beat; eerve to complete the national collection of sculpture. An English Glyptothek would never be complete without the Elgin marbles, and the various treasuree of Greek Art which are now to be seen in the British Mueeum. On the other hand, the more central situation at Charing ~ would seem to be more required in the _ of the Royal Academy and the Exhibition of Modern MBBters.

II all the roomI in the unaightly building at; Charing Crosa were devoted to the annual exhibition of the works of modern artiats, and to the pqrpoees generally of the Royal Academy, at leaet the pictures could be seen to some advantage. The building iteelf would of course remain a deformity and a blotch upon one of the fined aitee in LoDdon. It will be pulled down in time by [ ourselves, or our posterity, and the sooner it; ia done the better. Meanwhile we commend this suhject to the attention of the readeJ'll of 0.0. A.

W EElL What the British nation can do in this I

particular, when it fairly takes the duty of execution upon iteelf, and throwa overboard truteee, curatoJ'll, and heaven-born guardians of art, 'WB8

Been in the Manchester Exhibition of 1m. England ought to stand high in this r8!!p8ct amongst the nationB of Europe. We actually potII8II8 in the country, and in the handB of private individuals, 88 wen 88 in our public collections, many of the most valuable art-treasuree of the world; but the public collectionl will never attain their due importance until suitable galleries are prepared for their reception.

1lIIPr. 14. llJeO.] EVAN HARRINGTON; OK, BE WOULD BE A GENTLEMAN. 309

EVAN HARRINGTON; oR., HE WOULD BE A GENTLEMAN. BY GEORG. JaRBDITJL

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CIUP'l'ER XLI. RBVEAl8 AN ABOHINABLB PLOT OF TBE BROTHERS COGGLESBY.

A LIV:lLY April day, 'With strong gusts from the

I lOuth·West, and long sweeping clouds, saluted the morning coach from London to Lymport. Thither

II Tailordom triumph=t was bearing ita victim at a rattling pace, to settle him, and seal him for ever

1'1 out of the ranks of gentlemen: Society, meantime,

howling exclusion to him in the background :

I "Out of our halls, degraded youth! The smiles of turbaned matrons; the sighs of delicate maida ; genial wit, educated talk, refined scandal, vice in harness, dinners sentineled by stately plnah: these, the fiav~ur of life, are not for yon, though you stole a taste of them, wretched impostor I Pay for it with years of remorse I"

The coach went rushing against the glorious high wind. It stirred his blood, freshened his clteeka, gave a bright tone of zest to his eyes, &8

he cast them on the young green country. Not banished from the breath of Heaven, or from selfrespect, or from the appetite for the rewards that are to follow duties done! Not banished from the help that. is always reached to DB when we have fairly taken the right road: and that for him is the road to Lymport. Let the kingdom of Gilt Gingerbread howl &8 it will ! We are no longer children, but men: men who have bitten hard at experience, and know the value of a tooth: who have had our hearts bruised, and cover them with armour: who live not to feed, but look to food that we may live! What matters it that yonder high-spiced kingdom should excommunicate such &8 we are! We have rubbed off the gilt, and have &ll8umed the command of our stomachs. We are men from this day !

Now, you would have thought Evan's companions, right and left of him, were the wretches under sentence, to judge from a p6¥&DceB. In

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contrast with his look of insolent plell8ure, here. You get down at the Dragon, IIoDd don't , Andrew, the moment an eye Willi on him, exhibited you talk to me, but let me go in. It'll be juat the the cleverest impersonation of the dumps ever I hour he diues in the country. Ien't it a shame of Been: while Mr. John Raikes Willi from head to , him to make me face every man of the creditor&-foot nothing better than a molloD made visible. i eh f " . Nevertheless, they both agreed to rally EvlloD, IIoDd, Evan gave Andrew's hand an affectionate bid him be of good cheer. squeeze, at which Andrew had to gulp down lOme-

. "DoJl't be down, Van; don't be down, my boy," thing-reciprocal emotion, doubtleu. said Andrew, rubbing his hands gloomily. .. Hark!" said Jack, .. the horn of the guard

.. I! do I look it !" Evan anewered, laughing. w .. heard. "Once that lOund uaed to set me " Capital acting I " exclaimed Jack. .. Try and caracoling before an abject multitude. I did

keep it up." wondera. All London looked on me I It had more .. Well, I hope you're acting, too," said Evan. effect on me than champagne. Now I hear it-the Jack let his chest fall like a collapsing bellows. whole charm baa vanished I I can't lee a single At the end of five minutes, he remarked: old caetIe. Would you have thought it pouible

"I've been Bitting on it the whole morning! that a small circular bit of tin could produce mch There's violent inftammation, I'm persuaded. total changes in a man ! " Another hour, and I jump e1ap from the summit "I suppose," said Evan, "it's just aa natural of the coach! " to you .. thllt effect produced by a amall circular

Evan .turned to Andrew. tube of brass." .. ;00 you think he'll be let oft'! " .. Ugh! here we are, It Jack returned, .. they .. Mr. Raikes! Can't say, You see, Van, it drew up under the sign of the hospitable Dragon.

depends upon how Old Tom has taken his bad .. This is the first coach I ever travelled with, luck. Ahem I Perhaps 11e'l1 be all the stricter; I without making the old whip burst with laughing. and as a man of honour, Mr. Raikes, you see, can't I ...m't myself. I'm haunted. I'm aomebody very well--" elee ! "

.. By Jove! I wish t wlllln't a man of honour I "I The three passengers having descended, a con-I Jack interposed heavily. troversy commenced between Evan and Andrew "You see, Van, Old Tom's circumstances"- I BS to which. should pay. Evan had his moncy

I Andrew ducked, to smother a IOn of laughter- lout; Andrew dashed it bchind him; Evan remon·

I .. are now such that he'd be glad of the money to I strated. let him oft', no doubt; but llr. Raikes hllll spent it,: " Well, you mustn't pay for us two, Andrew. 1 can't lend it, and you haven't got it, and there I I would have let you do it once, but--" I

I we all are. At the end of the year he's free, and .. Stuft' ! " cried Andrew. "/ ain't paying-it'. he--ba, ha I I'm not a bit the merrier for laugh. I tho creditors of the estate, my boy! "

'II illg, I can tell you." 1 Evan looked so ingenuously surprised and hun Catching another glimpse of Evan's seriou8 face, ' at his lack of principle, that Andrew chucked a

Andrew fell 'into louder laugbter; checking it sixpence to a small boy, saying: I, with doleful solemnity, as Evan said: .. You .. If you don't let me have my own way, Yan,

know, Andrew, that if your brother will come to I'll shy my purse after it. What do you mean, air, I me with you for a time-I am in his debt doubly: by treating me like a beggar?"

I lowe him both for the money, and a lesson; if "Our friend Harrington can't humour UI," he doesn't mind coming, 1 shall be very happy to quoth Jack. .. For myself, I candidly confea, I

, il rec..>eive him." l>refer being paid for;" and he leaned contentedly .Andrew drew his hand tightly down his cbeeks against one of the posta of the inn till the filthy

and chin, and nodded: .. Thank YOll, Van, thank dispute was arranged to the satisfaction of the you, I'm aure. Never doubted your good heart, ignobler mind. Thcre Andrew left them, and my boy. Very kind of you." went to Mrs. Sockley, who, recovered from her

I .. And you are certain to come!" illne88, smiled her usual placid welcome to a

I .. 'Hem! women in the case, you know, Van!" guest. "Well, if I may work for you and yours, .. You know me, ma'am!"

I i Andrew, I ahall thank my destiny, whatever .. Oh, yes! The London Mr. Cogglesby ! " ill it is." .. Now, ma'am, look bere, I've come for my

Andrew's mouth twitched, and his eyelids brother. Don't be alarmed. No danger as yet. I i began blinking fast. With a desperate effort, he But, mind! if you attempt to conceal him from

I, avoided either crying or laughing, but at the ex· his lawful brother, I'll summon here the myrmidODI I lleuae of Evan's ribs, into which he drove his of the law." ;1 elbow with a " pooh "and an apology, and then Mrs. Sockley showed a serious face. I

I commenced a conversation with the couchman. .. You know his habits, Mr. Coggleaby; and i I, Up hill and down hill, and past little home· one daresn't go against anyone of his whimsies, or I:

steads shining with yellow crocusee; acrou wide there's consequences: but the houae is open to I I brown heaths, whose outlines raised in Evan's you, Bir. / dont wish to hide him," : mind the night of his funeral walk, and toued up Andrew accepted this intelligent evasion of

old feelings dead l1li the whirling dust. At last Jack Tom Cogglesby's ordera as sufficient, and imme-called out: diately proceeded up·stairs. A door shut on the

I " The towers of Fallowfield,-heigho I " , first landing. Andrew went to this door, and 1\1 .And Andrew said: I knocked. No anewer. He tried to open it, but

.. Now, then, Van: if old Tom's anywhere, ho's found that he had ~foresta.ijed. After • Digitized by L:.Oogle :r

II BBPr. l5, laeo.] EVAN HARRINGTON; ott, HE WOULD BE A GENTLEMAN. 311

threatening to talk business through the key- ; defied him to face three miserable women on the hole, the door 11'811 unlocked, and Old Tom ap- verge of hysterics; and Old Tom, beginning to

I peared. chuckle again, rejoined that it would bring them I , " So I now you're dogging me into the country. to their senses, and emancipate him.

I:, Be off; maJr.e an appointment. Saturday'. my "You may laugh, Mr. Tom," said Andrew; holiday. You know that." "but if poor Harry should find me out, deuce a

II Andrew pushed through the doorway, and, by I bit more home for me." way of an emphaMc reply and a silencing one, Old Tom looked at him keenly, and mpped the delivered a punch slap into Old Tom's belt. table." Swear you did it, Nan."

! I .. Confound you, Nan I" said Old Tom, grima- .. You promise you'll keep the secret," said I' (;ing, but friendly, as if his sympathies had been Andrew. I: irresistibly aasailed. " Never make promises. "

I: "It's done, Tom I I've done it. Won my bet, .. Then there's a pretty life for me! I did it now," ~drew exclaimed. .. The women-poor for that poor dear boy. You were only up to one

': creatures! What a state they're in. I pity 'em." I of your jok_1 see that. Confound you, Old , Old Tom pursed his lips, and eyed his brother in- I Tom, you've been making a fool of me." ! i credulously, but with curious eagemess. The flattering charge 11'811 not rejected by Old I, .. Oh, Lorsl! what a face I've had to wear!" i Tom, who now had his brother to laugh at as 01 Andrew continued, and while he sank into a 'I well Andrew affected to be indignant and desI I chair robbed his handkerchief ovet his crisp hair, perate.

I'; Old Tom let loose a convinccd and exulting, .. ha! "If you'd had a heart, Tom, you'd have saved ha ! " ' the poor fellow without any bother at all. What

I .. Yes, you may laugh. I've had all the bother," I do you think! When I told him of our smash

said Andrew. ha! ha ! it isn't such a bad joke-well, I went to , .. Serve ye right-marrying such cattle," Old I him, hanging my head, and he offered to arrange

t: Tom snapped at him. our affaira-that; ia-" I .. They believe we're bankrupt-owe fifty thou- .. Damned meddlesome young dog I" cried Old

I sand clear, Tom I " Tom. quite in a rage. : I " Ha I ha!" "There-you're up in a twinkling," said Andrew .

.. Brewery stock and household furniture to be .. Don't you see he beZi£m!d it, you stupid Old " 801d by general auction, Friday week." Tom! Lord I to hear him say how sorry he was, III' .. Ha I ha!" aud to see how glad he looked at the chance of

.. Not a place for any of us to poke our heads serving us I"

I into. I talked abont • pitiless storms' to my poor •• Serving us !" Tom sneered. Harry-no shelter to be had unless we go down .. Ha !" went Andrew. " Yea. There. You're to Lymport, and atop with their brother in the a deuced deal prouder than fifty peers. You're

II shop ! " an upside-down old despot!" " Old Tom did enjoy this. He took a great gulp No sharper retort rising to Old Tom's lips, he ,I of air for a tremendous burst of laughter, and permitted his brother's abuse of him to pass, I! when this was expended and reflection came, his declaring that bandying words was not his busi. Ii I features screwed, as if the acidest of flavours had nelli, he not being a Parliament man.

ravished his palate. "How about the Major, Nan! He coming .. Bravo, Nan I Didn't think you were man down, too 1"

I, enough. Ha! ha I Nan-I say--eh! how did ye .. Major!" cried Andrew. .. Lucky if he keeps

I get on ~d the curtains?" his commission. Coming down! No. He's off

i: The tale, to guelll by Andrew's face, appeared to the Continent." to be too strongly infused with pathos for revel&- .. Find plenty of scamps there to keep him com-tion. pany," added Tom. "So he's broke-eh! ha !

I .. Will they go, Nan, eh! d'ye think they'll ha!" go !" " Tom," said Andrew, seriously, .. I'll tell you

.. Where else can they go, Tom? They must all about it, if you'll swear not to split on me, go there, and on the parish, you know." because it ~'ould really upset poor Barry 80 •

.. They'll all troop down to the young tailor- She'd think me such a beailtly hypocrite, I ': eh!" couldn't face her afterwards."

"They can't sleep in the parka, Tom." "Lose what pluck you have-eb!" Tom II No. They can't get into Buckingham Palace, Ii jerked out his hand, and bade his brother continue.

neither-'cept 811 housemaids. 'Gad, they're howl- Compelled to trust in him without a promise, ing like cats, I'd swear-nuisance to the neigh- I Andrew said: II Well, then, after we'd arranged bourhood-ha I ha !" I it, I went back to Harry, and begged her to have

:1 Somehow, Old Tom's cruel laughter made poor Van at the house: told her what I hoped I Andrew feel for the unhappy ladies. He struck you'd do for him about getting him into the

his forehead, and leaned forward, saying: .. I I Brewery. She's very kind, 'fom, 'pon my honour

I', don't know-'pon my honour, I don't know- she is. She was willing, only-" can't think we've quite done right to punish 'em .. Only--eh !" 80." I .. Well, she was 80 afraid it'd hurt her sisters to

,; This acted like cold water on Old Tom's delight. 'I see him there." 'I He pitched it back in the shape of a doubt of Old Tom saw he was in for excellent fun, and 1 __ ~AndreW had told him. Whereupon Andrew wouldn't spoil it for the world.

312 ONCE .A. WEEK. [Sarr. 15, 1880.

"Yee, Nan ," , I18Dtly had proof of. The latter stood up, and ,I

" So I went to Caroline. She ..... easy enough; after sniffing in an injured way for about a I' and she went to the Counteu." minute, launched out hit right leg, and vociferated \',

" Well, and sh_ ,,, that he would like to have it in hie power to kick "She .. u willing, too, till Lady Jocelyn came all the villains out of the world: a mo1lest demand

and took Mias Bouner home to Beckley, and Andrew at once chimed in with; adding that, becauae Evan had written to my lady to fetch her were such a faculty extended to him, he would the Counte. she ..... angry. That Wall all Be- not object to 1088 the leg that could benefit man· cauae of that, you know. But yet she~. kind 10 infinitely, and consented to its following But when Mias Bonner was gone, it turned out them. Then, Old Tom, who Wall of a practical thet the Major was the obstacle. They were all turn, meditated, IWUDg hiB foot, and gave 0U8 willing enough to have Evan there, but the Major grim kick at the imaginary bundle of villaina, diarefused. I didn't hear him. I wasn't going to charged them headlong straight into apace. Anuk him. I mayn't be a match for three women, drew, naturally imitative, and seeing that he had but man to man, eh, Tom! You'd back me there ! now to kick them ilying, attempted to excel Old So Barry said the Major 'd make Caroline miae- Tom in the vigour of his delivery_ No 'Wouder tbat rable, if his wiahee were diareapected. By jingo! the efForts of both were heating: they 'Were engaged I with I'd known, then. Don't you think it odd, in the task of ridding the globe of t.he larger Tom, now 1 There's a Duke of Belfield the fellow half of its inhabitants. Tom perceived Andrew'. had hooked into his Compauy; and-through uselell emulation, and, with a lOund tranalated EYan I heard-the Duke had his name struck oft". by" yack," sent his leg out a long way. Not to After that, the Major lWore at the Duke once or be out-donB, Andrew immediately, with a aUIl twice, and said Caroline wuu't to go out with louder" yack," committed himself to an eft"ort 10 him. Suddenly he insists that ahe ,1udl go. violent that the alternative between hie leg coming Days the poor thing kept crying! One day, he oft", or his being taken oft" his leg, Wall propounded malts her go. She hun't the spirit of my Barry, by nature. and decided by the laWl of gravity in or the Counteu. By good luck, Van, who Wall a trice. Joyful grunts were emitted by Old Tom hlmting ferna for some friends of his, met them at the Bight of Andrew prostrate, rubbing hit on Sunday in Richmond Park, and Van took pate. B\\t Mrs. Sockley, to whom the noise of her away from the Duke. But, Tom, think of Andrew's fall had suggested awful fears of a Van seeing a fellow watching her wherever she fratricidal conflict up-atai1"B, hurried forthwith to went, and hearing the Duke's coachman tell that announce to them that the IOvereign remedy for fellow he had orders to drive hit master and human ills, the promoter of concord, the healer ' a lady hard on to the 18& that night. I don't be- of feuds, the central point of man's destiny in the !,I, I

lieve it-it wasn't Caroline! But what do you ileah,-Dinner Wall awaiting them. think of our finding out that beast of a spy to To the dinner they marched. ' , be in the Major's pay! We did. Van put a Of this great festival be it limply told that thCt I

constable on his track; we found him out, and he supply Wall copious and of good quality-much Ii confell8ed it. A fact, Tom I That decided me. If too good and copious for a bankrupt hoet: that it Wall only to get rid of a brute, I determined I'd Evan and Mr. Johu 'Raikes were formally intra-do it; and 1 did. Strike came to me to get my duced to old Tom before the reput commenced, II name for a bill that night. 'Gad, he looked blauker aud welcomed lOme three minutes after he had I tllan his bill, when he heard of us two bankrupt. deciided the ilavour of his first glaaa: that Afr. I ~owed him one or two documents I'd got ready. John Raikes in due time preferred hit petition Says he : • Never mind; it'll only be a couple of for release, and "f\\rnished vast amnsement to the hundred more in the schedule. Stop, Tom! he's got company under old Tom's hand, until by chance lOme of our blood. I don't think he meant it. Be he quoted a scrap of Latin, at which the brothel'll iI hard pushed. Well, J gave him a twentier, and Coggleaby, who would have faced peers and princes he Wall oft" the next night. You'll lOOn see all without being ditconcerted or performing mental about the Company in the papers.' " , genuflexion8, shut their mouths and looked injured,

At the conclusion of Andrew's recital, Old Tom unhappy, and in the presence of a superior: Mr. thrummed and looked on the iloor under a heavy John Raikes not being the man to spare them. frown. BiB mouth worked dubiously, and, from Moreover, a surprise Wall afforded to Evan. 'I\i moment to moment, he plucked at his waistcoat Andrew stated to Old Tom that the hospitality of and pulled it down, throwing back his head and Main Strcet. Lymport, was open to him.. Strange I glaring. to Bay, Old Tom accepted it on the spot, observiDg, It

"I've knocked that fellow over once," he said. "You're master of the house-can do what you III .. Wiah he hadn't got up again." like, if you're man enough," and adding that he

Andrew nod:ied. thanked him, and woulll come in a day or two. II .. One good thing, Nan. He never boasted of I The case of Mr, John Raikes was still left lIncer-

our oonnection. Much obliged to him." I tain, for all the bottle circulated, he exhibited II "Yea," said Andrew, who was gladly watching such a faculty for apt, but to the brothers totally I':

Old Tom's change of mood with a quie_nt iucomprehensible quotation, that tbey iled from ',I allpect. him without leaving him time to rememoor what

.. 'Um I-must keep it quiet from his poor old special calamity was on his mind, or whether this ' mother. " earth Wall other than an abode conceived in great

Andrew again atlirmatived his senior's remarks. jollity for his life.long entertainment. That his treatment of Old Tom '1I'alllOund, he pre-" (2'0 "' ....... A

Digitized by L.OosJe

s..r. 15, 1860.] JAPANESE FRAGMENTS. 313

JAPANESE F)tA.GMENTS. BY CAPTAIN ~ OIIBOIUf, R.N.

CBAl'TQ VI.

WB have sat 10Dg eDougi indoon, making Dotes i,' I of Japan, historically, geographically, and politi·

eally speaking; we will now go into her streets

I,,' and highways and study these people, 88 their native artist appears to do, by sketching from

I, nature. I have DOt, it is true, seen in the fteeh all the varied phaeea of Japanese life that are

I pourtrayed iD the plates before me; but they agree 10 admirably with the notices of men like Saris, Cocke, Golowin, and KOlmpfer, that I may

, ' be forgiven for trying to reproduce the picture of every-day life by the way-aides of Japan. ThOle way-aides will, no doubt, be again ODe day open to the English traveller, they were once traversed by Christian prieete, 88 well ae by merchants and eai10re, and are still visited, at periodical intervale, by the tribute-bearera from· the 10Dgoppreaeed Dutch factory of Nangaaaki. In addition to what these various authorities relate, I shall avail myself of what paeaed under the obaer-

1 vatiOD of more recent viaiton to Yedo, Simoda, and

I, Nangaae.ki, 80 as to endeavour to reproduce photographs of the Japan to-day.

The spring baa dawned on Nipon; the April IUD

'I, baa left the winter mows cliDging to the crests of the mountain ranges around the matchlees Fnei

II hams, who, queen·like, rieee clothed in glittering , i white and crowned with golden cloude from amidst

a throng of jagged peake and suspiciously pic. tareaque creten. Beautiful valleys lie deeply emboaeed amongst the many spun which shoot out from this the mountain-heart of Japan. We descend into theBe vales through which the road

,I 1eade between the two capitals of Yedo and Miaco. , I The fielde are already green with tke young I upland rice and tender wheat plants. The gardens I -and they are as numerous and ae well kept 88

Ii', I' in England-are bright with many a 1l0wer seen in Europe. The peach and other old familiar fruit trees bend under the weight of blO88OmB; : I streams leap downward through pretty copees already covered with tender leallets. The fir·tree ! I waves from the mountain crest overhead, the cedar overahadows the road, and the bamboo throws out ita graceful plumes in the dell below. Asia and Europe have thus in thie favoured land each contributed their share to make it rich in products

" I condncive to the happiness of man - and man

baa done much; his industry gladdens us on : I every side, and as tbe lIOil is fertile, the valley

I, may be said to be one great garden dotted with

I villagee and nAat cottages, whilst everywhere we see proofs of the redundancy of hnman life

I thronged into the space. Inhabitants and tra· vellers, labouren, mendicants and priests, nobles,

I followers and ladies, children, jngglera and portera, who shall tell them all,- human living

, kaleidoscope. full of beauty and interest are streamI: ing along the road. We will travel a stage down I it with the host of pilgrims who are going from

Yedo to Yesi. the great shrine of the believen I in Sin-too. The work is a good work. for they

I go there to be shrived of their sins-to obtain i absolution, and by the toil and sdering under-

gone in the journey to give a living proof of the warmth of their faith.

Apart froJ,u the travellera, the road iteelf is worthy of notice. It rune in an excellent direction, 10

far as engineering skill is concerned, winds along many an ugly precipice, and cro.ee rapid mountain streams at places where they can be moat conveniently bridged. The Taikoon's highway would compare with many of our beet; it is drained at the aides, it is arched to allow the water to falloff, and strangely enough, in many places, it is macadamieed. Trees have been carefully planted in situations where they would afford shade, &11d a mound of earth, of conical form, marks every mile. passed, and tells the pilgrim how far he is distant from Nipon.bu, the great bridge of Yedo, the London Bridge of eaetern land.

The traveller notices, by certain characters upon a poet erected by the way-aide, that he baa passed out of one district or country into another, and that he is now under the authority of such a prince or snch a governor. We desire local information as to that portion of Nipon through which we PaBS, and onr servant, for a emall sum, procures from an itinerant book-hawker, an excellent guide-book. giving all the facts we require. We note that this Japanese institution, for imparting knowledge, is more than three centuries old, although the work is corrected and much improved by the increased modern knowledge of the art of wood-cutting. Perhaps Mr. Murray may smile and look forward to being able, before long, to give them a Japanese guide-book, which shall excel that modest and cheap itinerary; but there are many things in which he will never BurpaBS it, amongst others in cost, and the confidence with which the days are predicted upon which it shall be fortunate to travel.

Our bearers rejoice in the fact of our luck being great upon the latter point, and we push on merrily, yet lor a people who travel much they do not, it would appear, at firat light. study comfort. The eedane or palanquins are wretchedly uncomfortable, and attest the fact that they are rather adapted to mountain-paths, than to the broad and level roads of the plains. We may not at present stay to described. those vehicles, for we approach a poet-houae, and our bearera have to be exchanged and paid. There are, we may find, no lees than fifty-aix of these establishments between Yed.o and Meaco. The lorde of the various manon are compelled by the authorities to maintain these places of refreshment for travellers, they are vastly sllperior to the caravanserais of the east, and relays of horaea or portera are always ready at these Japanese poet·hou8eB, and must do all work at a regular fixed charge, ridiculously small, according to English notions. Another aud still more onerous duty falla to these establishments, and that is the responsibility of forwarding all imperial despatches between the two capitals, or from Yedo to any part of the empire. Rnnnen are consequently ever ready to execute this taek. Haste I-post haste !-is no idle injnDction in Japan, where the Taikoon or Mikado despatches are in question. Goo<Jle Digitized by ()

314 ONCE A WEEK. [8&rr. Iii, 1860. I' I

I', We see an inatance of it whilst dismounting from lers to make way. our uncomfortable chair. A bell is heard! Out speed through the Ian of the way!-out of the way! abouts a Japanese other takes up the official, and two men hasten out of the house and broken down they look expectantly up the road; the crowd divides Haste I-post haste !as if cleft with a aword, and at a swinging pace be understood. ,

8 the Taikoon's despatches if one man drope, the I

lllden. If' a bridge is ust swim the torrent. ust be seen in Japan to

the couriers are seen approaching,-a pair of ata!· Whilst our morning ~aI is preparing, we stand. wart bronze·hued fellows, strong of limb and lmder the over·hanging ~h, and look upon the sound of wind; their garments are few, and throng in the road. .. Ho~clean it is!" is the those few of the official black-colol1r, stamped first involuntary exclamation; even the ordinary with the imperial crest, a white trefoil. One of dirt created by the passage of 10 many animals the runners has a abort bamboo.pole over his and men disappears as fast u it is created. They abouldcr, and atl8pended from it a black lacquer are great economists these good Japanese, and despatch. box, formidable for its 8ize, and we they know how preciotl8 for the field is the dirt of recognise the strength that has brought it to our the highroad; there is quite a competition for it; :! feet 80 rapidly-no, not to our feet, for it never women and children, with little baskets and touches the ground. In a second it is slipped I brooms, nre collecting it for the hU8bandm&n, 'I from the tired man's shoulder to that of the whose intelligent industry is 80 conspicuotl8 in the· ! fresh runner, who starts down the road like a well·tilled fields and terrace-aided hilla. Agrihare, his comrade's bell ringing to warn all travel- , culture in Japan, as in China, is considered

People enjoying tbemeelvealn Harveat·TIOle. (Fao-aimllo.)

the most honourable of pursuits; and, by the trouble, we have proof in many a Japanese sketch. many pictorial allusions to the peace, content- Behold the harvest time of Nipon-the respell ment, and abundance resulting from agricultural enjoying their noon-tide meal. Wu there ever a labours, we see that it is still as esteemed as in more perfect picture of animal enjoyment! Luke the days of the great Taiko-8&DIII, who told the Stodges, the farmer',-boy, may pray for a belly-full soldiers and prieate of Europe that he especially of fat bacon, and to be allowed to pass life awing· viewed with ·favour the tillers of the ground; ing on a gate; but even then, in that state of .. for they," said the Japanese conqueror, .. by blias, he would hardly excel our Japanese friends their labours fill my kingdom with abundance." in sensual delight; filled to distension with. Naked, swarthy, coarse, but hearty, look those rice, a ripe harvest waving around them, smoking, tillers of the· fields, as we view them in the drinking, and basking under a sun of Italian midst of their labours tranaplantingthe rice plants fervour. Nay more, we question whether the from their damp bed, io which they have been contrast between the condition of the tramp, who closely reared, into more open order, where each begs food at the English farm-labonrer's door, and atem aha11 have room to grow and ripen. Mark the honest fellow himself, is as great as we have the neat regularity of the drilIa, the cleanliness of authority for saying must be the case in Japan, the soil-not a weed or tare-what an abundance when we contemplate the lean lind hllngty cres· of labour must be at command. That the grateful ture who is holdiog out his platter to the well·fed aoil fully repays farmer and labourer for time and woman on the left of O1l.r ngravin What a

I Digitized by 00 e .~=-=-==-=,=================================S======-

II !

1Icr:. 1.\ 1880.] JAPA}'''E3E FRAGMENTS. 315

world of wit there is in this sketch-this native mullet, weighs, and decides upon purchasing it. ·woodcut! The woman taking oft' the lid of the No wonder the poor priest, believing in trans· well·filled 8aucepan, but before helping the migration of souls, shudders and paaaea on, sing· mendicant ehe appeals half.jocularly to the only ing his hymn iuvoking humanity to all animate one of the partywho has not done eating, whether creatures, and wonders in his heart whether you he can spare any of the rice! That persevering are about to eat his long.departed mother ! We feeder has distended his akin until we begin to however approve of fish being sold alive as a feel anxiety as to its farther elasticity. The rest guarantee for freshneu, and prefer it either in of the reapers have indeed fed, and are either sight or amell to the "fine fresh mack'rill!" amoking languidly, or drinking a little saJ:ee to which that loud.lunged costermonger is yelling usiat digestion. What perfect repose aud con· under our windows on a sweltering July day. tentment are visible in every figure! And we Itinerant British fish·vendors avaunt! methinks .. k onreelvee, what is there we can give these of I hear the guitar notes of the Japanese minne· God's creatures that will make them happier! lingere. Yea, here they are; we p&8led them in More calico, Manchester will suggeat. POII8ibly the early dawn, as they were singing to some Manchester may be right. But where there are nativo noble who had camped by the roadside; no muaquitoee, and the aun is bearable, such an they havo followed, and are about to try their .al fresco feast must be tolerable after all. way to ollr purse strings. They approach dancing,

We turn from the field or rather waving their labourers and the aketch bodiea, in cadence to which haa diverted us their music, playing from our village, and upon a guitar which note how much the reai· looks uncommonly Por· dents appear to live in tuguese or Spanish in public. The fronts of its origin. They are most of the houses open prettily dressed in robes out into the street, aud of simple pattel'Ua, con· have no windows; the fined by broad and overhanging porch serv· ample scarfs round the ing to weld the front waist. And as these apartment from rain or scarfa are tied behind sun. We can therefore in large bows, and hang _ all the various trades «own, they serve to pursuing their callings; give great finiah to their ADd between them and toilet--a finish that the the itinerant vendors "'ant of many under one need be at no 10118 garments or crinolines for any articles of general might otherwise render WIe, of ornament, food, remarkable. Their faces or raiment. The" cries" are pretty and arch; are 88 numerous aa in they are quite young, the London of the olden not more than fifteen or time. They do not all, sixteen at the utmost; however, bawl out their and their glosay btack various callings: some hair is gathered under ~~~~~ a~~~~ gather, others sound the rim of which they articles like Jew's harps, cast moat sly bewitch· another beats a gong, ing smiles, or gi\'e zest another a drum. The Li\"o Congor·Kola """'ping from DoY" (F",,·aimlle.) to their song. which fisherman, however, makes noise enough, and is said to partake of the double entendre; and plants his load before us. Two huge tubs, they exchange witty repartee 'With some fast suspendoo at either end of a bamboo, contain young men who happen to be passing, in terms live fish and eels; and there ia no question which send a about of laughter through the

I about their being .. all alive, oh!" Fair mullet, hostelry. Not that laughter is confined to the I how it wags its tail! gentle earp, how inqnisi. moments when mirth may be excited by theae

tively it looks up at your gourmandiaing self! glee.lingers, for everybody seems to laugh here; I The eels, however, have evidently a preaenti· and if laughter is a lign of happineas, old and I ment of their fate, or from native bashfulness young are blessed enough. There, fair minstrels !

try to get under one another, and form an appa- speed on your way; I, for one, feel no wrath rently inextricable knot. Poor miserable.! Fancy at your following the vocation which it haa pleased if the Budhist priest should be right after all- God to call you to; and would no-more wish to and he is very positive about it, and can produce cut oft' all your hair, llut you into flaunel petti. any proof you require upon the 8ubject-fancy, I coats, and imprison you in a penitentiary, than "y, good friend, our returning hereafter in some I should like to make your sempstress sisters BUch piacine form, and think what are our dumb change places with those of our great Babel. senaations at auch a moment &8 this, when the We send for apocimens of embroidery. This 8eJ'Vant slips his hand into the tubs, selects a fAt village, "e are told, is....famed for its handi·

Digitized ~Y l:.oog!~ ___ _

316 ONCE A WEEK.

work in gold and silver thread upon rich silk and i u to our mock modeety. How is this we ask! satin. A respectable looking woman shortly i Elaewhere in the East we are told, that if; ia appears, accompanied by her husband. She wu i the exclusion of the female element from aociet;y fair to loak upon once upon a time; but Japanese: which renders it when IlJ1l"e8tra.ined by cerehusbanda sacrifice their personal gratification, pro· I mony or etiquette, 80 hideous, 80 unrefined. vided they can iuaure that no man when looking 'Here we have women everywhere; here is a upon theirp&rtners ehall break the Tenth Command· , nation which baa attained a wonderful degree of II ment. The lady baa pulled out her eye· brows, and I oiviliaation and good government, a people poll- I blackened her teeth! The effect is most marvel· ' -aug much delioacy, senaitiveneea, and good I lous, you take one glance at her face, and at the i feeling; yet in 80me points so OO&l'IIO, 80 want;. blaok gnlf which is scored acfOllll it, and you never , ing in decenoy u to shock the lowest EUJ'OpeaD8. again covet that man hie wife, though you may: Breakfast is announced and we have another the wares she exhibits. Poor lOul, how good, and i stage to travel to·day, 80 we baaten to it. Piles self-aacrifioing of her; yet it is a pity, for there , of white rice, surrounded with a multitude of is a grace and beauty about her voice, her hand, i small made dishes, in whiohfiah generally pre- I

andmannerwhichyoucannotbutadmire. Another I vails. A routed rock·cod rises before WI, a real I' look at that mouth I and your eye involuntarily I pi«e.de·rtliltance, fianked by many ourious sauces, tul"llll to the many pretty face. and white teeth in that would puzzle Soyer, or Francatslli; all to the atreet for refreshment and repoae. But what the purpoae, however, and grand incentives to tute, what akill, and handiwork we have in the . feeding, if more than the bracing air of thoee tapestry and embroidery diaplayed. Where oould mountaina were neceuary. Seizing our lacquerthese Japanese have learnt this art! It is not bowl and two chop·sticka, u well u a wooden· monstroWl, heavy, overladen with ornament, or, spoon, we prosreas apace; pulling our fragment. groteaque al in China; but delioate, refined, of fish, and dipping them into the AUcee before I' artistic, and such u we believe women'a, or men'. eating. There is abundance of rioe.beer, or _.. I

work ae1dom, if ever, equalled. Gobelin never the coutant beverage of the jovial 10ula of Japan, excelled it, Bayeu is hideous beside it, and u well u other stronger beverages, made by Tint-the drawing and Ihading of many of the pieces nera, cunning in suoh mattera. In deference to are 80 perfect, that they may be wely framed u our wish, tea is oonstantly .upplied; a atroDg, pictures. The vendors of embroidery are dis- ooarse·ftavoured deacription, which is much more miaBed just u the porch is suddenly intruded like what we drink in England u good tea, than upon by a gang of native jugglers and showmen like anything met with in China. We are told lUITOunded by a troep of ohildren, all whooping that it is grown in moat plaoea, where the hilJa are with delight, and u free, and evidently u well too steep for terrace cultivation; that it wu im· loTed, u they would be in England. A man in ported from China, and baa been aoclimatiMd in the garb of a Japaneee aailor, leads a large Japan; that formerly a oup of tea in Meaco OOIIS I: monkey which climbs up a pole, and seats itself an English ehilling, but that the herb now abounds 1,1,

on the summit, and to the delight of the vile on the Eastern cout near the ·_aide 80 much lagers faDS itae1f ~ la Japonaiae. The mounte· that they oan sell it u ananicle of export. There I": bank climbs on top of a pile of tea-cupa, and is great conaolation in these facta ; who knoWB but Itanda on one foot on the summit of fragile that one day we too in Europe may learn, like crockery; the clown ohaft"a, and excites ridicule, these good people, to acclimatise the herb called and the peep-showman vaunts hie marve1a, and tea. All the conditions of 1Oi4 climate, tempua- "~I' beaeeohes ttle patronage of your distinguished self. tore, and locality found on the east coast of Japan,

CuriOllS to know what a Japanese show may are to be found repeated in parts of Europe, if not; be like, you peep into one lena - brilliant I in the United Kingdom. Elated at the prospect of

....... Tivid life·like acene, a Japanese earthquake, i being rid of Chinese questious and Chinese di.IJi. II everything topay-turvey, wreck, fire, death, cultiea, we hob and nob, in aakee, to our shadow, and horror, quite worth the fraction of a penny I a Japanese funoionary, who follows us and repoI1l II' charged. The next one is hardly inferior in in· all we eay and do to hie masters. We pay our far tereat; a great battle against rebelB. They are II from exorbitant bill, gravely confer little courteBies valiant, and stand in firm array, diacharging upon the fair handmaidens, amidst the cheers of the ',' clouda of &rrOWB, which perpetually darken the I 8ID&ll boya, and shout to horae in good Saxon, which sky; but nothing avails against duty and loyalty. is readily understood by our eager-eyed attendants. i M8Il clad in armour, lance in hand, are charg. ,I

ing down, and it is evidently certain that the THE TRAMWAYS OF LONDON AND rebelB will be exterminated. and the Divine ' Warrior's kingdom be atill intact. We p_ on ENVIRONS. to the next pioture. Oh, fie I it oannot be, I' IT is now thirty years since I beheld the m.t surely we were mistaken. No, by Jove I there attempt at steam·locomotives on common roads on is no doubt of it. A picture to be viewed by' the trial of Mr. Goldsworthy Gurney's steam·coach all at which Holywell Street would stand aghast I i round the Regent's Park. It wu a strange-looking We expre8B indignation, the showman laughs I machine, on four wheels, with a pair of suppleimmoderately at our aqueamiahneaa, and every· mentary wheels in front, to serve u a steering· body jow in the joke against us. .Even the I apparatus. I watched all the subsequent doinp two nuns, who have just joined, and are hum- of Maoeroni, Oyle, and Sumner, Scott Rusaen. ming a plaintive native air, raise their hoods, I Hancock, and others, and came to the conclusion and smile, ooupling their mirth with aIy remarks I that the whole aoheme wu a p~: '-U.

Digitized by uUU

SJIrr. 15, l88O.] THE TRAMWAYS OJ!' LONDON AND ENVIRONS. 817

opiDion I have never I88Jl reason to change. The: the good folks of Birkenheed the paying chance of fallacy oonsisted, and consists atill, in attempting the acheme. It ill impoaaible that thia result

I to propel a heavy machine by meaD8 of .-evolving should fail to be followed in London.

I wheels on an irregular surface of broken atone, or It muat be undlll'lltood that a properly laid rail an irregular surface of paving. :Regarding the will not;. in any way, interfere with the ordinaty

I machines. thellllelves, very considerable resulta UI8I of the street or road-that it will only be a were achieved, more probably than hal been stripe of iron paving anbatituted for atone-it will achieved on regular railways, taking into account anbeerve all the purpoaea of wheels l'UIlDing on it,

: the respective qualities of the roads they run on. but will not prevent wheels from being turned oir i I .And the modern attempta in the form of what are it at any point required, without needing the I' called ir&ction·engines, embody the lI&Dle fallacy expensive and troublesome appliancea called " --all, lave that of Boyden, which carries and lays switches and turn·tables used on railways proper. II down ita own railB to provide a hard and even The movement on it may be almOlt noiael_ if , surface for the wheela to run on. The whole diffi· rightly managed; the speed may be increaaed

'I culty oonsists, not in the steam·machine, but in while a larger proportioned load ill drawn, and the

the road it runs on-and thia conviction, I have, facility of atoppage, and the resulting safety , I for more than twenty years, in public and pri. doubled. The result of this would be an economy II vate, in _on and out of II8II8On, endeavoured equivalent to one half the value of the horses in ! , to impreu upon the general mind of the commu· capital and maintenance, and a greatly increued I' nity. It hal been my aim. to convert the common eoonomy in the maintenance of the road. II roada and highways to the purpoBel of steam.IGCO-I Thill enormous Baving will go into the pockets

II!, motion without interfering with any exiating either of the public or the capitalist, or go to traffic. It W&B the exiBtence of these roads that , increue the wages of drivers and conductora, and set the highway locomotiveB at work, and finally I other people employed, or be divided amongst all

I, ,:, haa led to tramways, the fact of which &I applied I three. Anyhow, it will be a mode of accumu· to p&II8nger·traffic in England, hal been eata· lating capital by savings, and no railway yet con·

, : bliahed at Birkenhead by an American speculator, I structed oirers anything approaching the dividend 1: stimulating Lancashire capitalists. , which may be obtained from these new lines if , , By a modern tramway is understood a railway, I rightly OODBtructed. The obvioUl reason ill, that , i with the rails 10 laid on the anrface of an ordinary I the roads are ready made to hand without the II road that they will not interfere with the traffic of difficulties and eXpeDBeB besetting new lin ...

Ii, .ordinaty vehicles, and on which Omni1!U888 may Gradually the cld vehicles will be anperseded by " travel at ordinary speed with the advantage that;. the new, and there ill yet a farther consideration 'i by the improved anrface, one horae is enabled to -the horae will be superseded by the machine :, I do more than the work of four on levels, and of two driven by steam or some other power. But there ill

on ordinary inclines. The rail is, in short, a con- yet more. In the United States horae·railways are I tinUOUl" level cl'088ing," which no more impedeB simply, &I their name implies,. street-railways--

I ordinary traIIic than do the sunken iron gutters in the ordinary railways anpply the other wanta of Fleet Street impede pedestrians. transit. But in England 8treet-railways will be

I Thill kind of way began, practically, in the merely the commencement of highway and turn· I United Staw, when it W&l found convenient to pike roads supplying & want which mOlt ordinary , p&IB railway.trains through, instead of round the steam.railways do not anbaerv:e. For road pur-III, townL AI a conC888ion to popular fear, the poI8I it ill needful to stop and take up at frequent

locomotive was at first taken oir, and its place intervals, and trains are not required, but merely ! I supplied by a team of horses. Cuatom making it single carriages answering the purpose that stage I: familiar, and economy rendering it· desirable to get coaches formerly subserved, but With doubled or

rid of the hOrBeB, the locomotives did their work treble4 power of accommodation. All Kent and i; at a aIow pace. . Then a gibbet W&l placed &C1'088 Surrey and Essex need theae lines, and their

I'! the line on which a bell hung, which the looomotive making would largely increase the value of the II rung in pasaing. and a notice being posted up- property along their bordera; but unfortunately 'i .. Look out for the engine when the bell rings"- thia cannot be till an Act of Parliament shall have

all further precaution W&l abandoned. amalgamated the trUIta, or till the pariah autho-. : Starting thus, it was not a very difficult pl'OC888 rities ahall be of one mind. The mechanical ques· I, to apply to streets for internal transit, and so railB tion there is no need to argue. If the proper II were laid up one narrow street and down another form of rail be adopted, it will simply have the , to preserve a continuous circulation of omnibus· eirect of an iron banding inlaid in stone, &I plain

traffic. Street omnibUSeB were & mere imitation of as the braea banding round • portable writiug. ! i rail way·_very far from what they might be in desk, and the paving board of a pariah hal &I

: I the way of easy draught-but &DBwering the pur· much right to lay a piece of iron as of wood or II pose, after the usual habit of a Yankee's thought, atone paving, anpject only to actiODB for damagea who goes to plough in a dreu.suit, and gu_ if their mode of paving inflicts peraonal injury on

i, " what's good enough for my legs ill good enough pasaengera,-anCllaying a tramway in Parliament 'i for my trauW8811." After lOme years practice in the I Street could not be more miachievous than the : I' States, a Frenchman carried the lCheme to Paris tramway on Westminster Bridge. But something

with all ita imperfectioDB, and, I believe, it still ' far better than the exiating railway carriages ill " goes on there. But to inoculate England with it I required to produce the best result in traction and

required a genuine American, and he appeared in convenience to the ~ i I the perlon of Mr. Train, who showed energetically I The COlt of ~.d· ~ the most

'I

318 ONCE A WEEK. [Saft. 111, 1110. i'

II perfect manner need not exceed 8001. per mile, II r need not enlarge on this; for there is no I! &Dei the low coat is the true reason why engineers pleaaure, and at this time of day no profit in III' generally have not thought it worth while to turn I contemplating pedantry on the ODe hand, or

. their attention to them. The carriages should be scoffing on the other. r have referred to the oli nearly noiaeleas and free from vibration, in which I and worn-out topic only because it appean to \'1 cue the dead weight may be materially le8lleJled. me that if female mathematicians and pbyaical The carriagu, besides, must be capable of running discoverers have escaped the insults, and allDOR on the ordinary road, and leaving the raila or I the criticism, bestowed on literary women half a running on them at the pleasure of the driver. I century ago, it must be because their pursuit.. II

One argument agamst the ayatem baa been carry their own teat with them. The attainments founded on the supposition of danger to the public I of such women are not a matter of opinion, bnt of il by reason of a street-railway. This ariaea simply fact. Man or woman may be miataken about from tbe term .. railway," and the supposed speed his or her comprehension of Kant'. apparatus of 'I involved. But the risk of a railway-omnibus is , Conditions, or accuracy in the reading of dead really far leas than that of an ordinary omnibus, llanguagea; but there can be no deception of ae1f from the fact that it runs on a fixed track, and that or others as to the reality of knowledge in the paaaengers know what part of the road to avoid, i science of Space and Numbers; or the detection II and the breaks applied to the rail-omnibus afford, of new agencies in Nature which can be brought II the means of stopping much more rapidly. I to the teat. Even where this is questioned, on !I

With regard to the lines fit for theas raila, they i account of the many falae atarta in diacovery that; exist wherever omnibuses run. Two great radial have been made, up to this time, the doubt is, not 1'1

centres are the Bank and the Obelisk. Others are i about the reality of the knowledge, but the the railway terminus, Paddington, to the Bimk by I correctneas of the inferences of the discoverer. Ii the two routes-the City &ad ari.d Oxford Street I On the whole, we may, r think, fairly eay, that in ! and Holborn-Richmond and the line of road to I the scientific departments of buman knowledge I! Charing Croaa-the line from the Bank to Epping women rank equally with men in respect of p Forest, which should be for ever kept as a wild I society. Whether they have equal acceaa to that park to Londoners, or as a ground for shooters to I field of knowledge is another affair. practice in. Across all the bridges to the Surrey Let us look at two or tbree recently dead or I hilla, destined hereafter to become a 80uthern atill living, and see what aspects they l)reeent. I London, and 80 in time to give the chance for the' The senior of the three (German, French, ani 1,1

low swamps covered by unwholesome dwellinge English),. whom our own generation may have to be again converted to garden-ground. seen, was both a mathematician and a phyaical I

Say that a thousand miles may be laid down with discoverer. Caroline Luoretia Herachel, the aiafler 'I' rails in London and its environs, what would be the of Sir William Herschel, was the German. She 1 beat way of accomplishing it? The Pariah trusts was born At Hanover (March 16th, 1750), and I would not embark capital in it. But it would be lived there till she was one-and-twenty. She was I a good speculation for a company of capitaliata to ' sixteen, and her brother eight-and-twenty when I furnish the rails, and lay them, Alld keep them in i he, in England, began to attend to astronomy; repair per mile. and thus enable the parishes to take I the whole family being supposed to be· engroaaed i, a toll on the omnibuses, which would enable them by music, as they were certainly devoted to it pro- , to dispense with a paving rate. Or if they could not feaaionally. It is not, therefore, likely that Caroline I legally take a toll, they could ma.ke an equivalent I was prepared by education for scientific pursuit in i bargain by transferring the coat of paving to the any other direction; and her taking it up at laat, ,I rail owners. Only let there be a will and the I in order to aaaist her brother, seems to show that Ii "way" will follow.. W. BRIDGES ADAlIS. I she had no original overmastering genius for --------------.......,.r-- : science, IUch as must have taken her out of the

REPRESENTATIVE WOMEN. ScDtNTU'lC STUDENTS.

I ordinary conditions of female life, but that the I labours of her life from that t;ime forward were : a merely natural exercise of perfectly natural

CAROLlliE L. HBRSCJmL; 80rRlB GBltMAIN; AND ! powers. She came over to England as lOOn as ' lIlR8. 8Ol\I.BItVlLLB. . I she was old enough (one-and-twenty) to keep her I

I All not aware whether others have made the ' brother's house at Bath, where he was organist to I ol:laervation, but it appears to me that tbe repog- 'I a chapel. She was his helper and IlJDlpathiaer in ' nance of our sex to "learned ladies" does not, the astronomical pursuits which were his delight, \,1 afFect female mathematicians. Our jests are I as his best recreation from his professional levelled at the literary women; and yet more, at i buaineas. She worked out his calculations when I:' the .. philosophers," or those who study psychology, ! he had provided the elements: she watched with in a GermAll, French, or English form. I should I an anxiety like his own tho production of the I &&y •• jests wre levelled," but that there are still I telescope he made because he could not afFord to I publications and men antiquated enougb to attempt i buy one; and when he discovered a planet, ten , to keep up the old insolence and the old joke, years after she had joined him, she enjoyed the I after aocietyin general has arrived at bettertaate; triumph and its results very keenly. The King for the rell8QJl, possibly, that there are atill women gave Brother William 3001. a year, and called him (a few in England, Alld not a rew in America,) Astronomer to the Court; Alld the (then) baohelsr \' who are antiquated enough to make themselves brother and his staid silter removed to Slough, to fooliah and disagreeable, instead of wise and com· do as they liked for the rest of their lives. I panionable, through their pursuit of knowledge. 'I'hus far, it may ~t~~I'\)~~lo~~ersc:hel ~

~ _.- 8_.16, 18dO.] REPRESENTATIVE WOMEN. 319

II appean.. the devoted lister, doing her beat to derance of the mathematical facultiea that they help her brother, whOle pursuits happened to be regulated her whole mind and life. She loved scientific; but that there is nothing remarkable, poetry, .. many mathematicians have done; and happily, in that spectacle. This is very true: she inIisted that the division set up between but now OCCUI'II the spectacle which does appear 'I' reason and imagination was arbitrary and falae. remarkable to all who have heard of it. We now and then hear from auperllcial pe1'llODI an

Throughont the longest nights of the year,- ' expression of wonder that the fineat taste is fonnd the .. bonomer'lI BUmmer, or aeaaon of fruits,-a I in those who are conapicnoul for judgment; but light waa acen burning in the observatory at' Mademoiselle Germain would have wondered more Slough .. often .. the aky waa clear, and dis- I if the cue had been otherwise; for she eaw how appearing only when the dawn w.. putting ont i the decisiona of reason mDlt harmoniae with the the stars. Under that light eat Caroline H81'IIChel, I principles of taste. Goodn_ was, in her eyea, Doting in ailence the observationll of her brother, I order; and wisdom Willi the diacemment of fundawho Willi at his telescope in the next chamber. If I mental order. As fixed relationa exist among all he was ment, she had occupation in working up , truths and all objects, and the discovery of any his calculationa; and then nothing waa heard but lone may lead to the discernment of any number, the ticking of the clock, and the moving of his ' no heights of _peculation BIItoniahed, and no Bights telescope. To be his aecretary required no little I of fancy diaconcerted her. She Willi mathematical learning; but to achieve the Vllllt calculation a by : if ever human being was 80 ; but this did not mean which his obaervationa were rendered available, that ahe waa prosaic, rigid, and narrow. She Willi

required algebraical acoompliahments of an order I quali6ed for large and philosophical criticism in Tery unuaual among women. As" BIItronomer'a i literature, no 1_ than for inquisition into the

I uaiatant," she was aalaried by the King; and in I theory of numbel'll; and she applied hel'llelf,

\' the discharge of her office, she read her brother's amidst the tortures of death by cancer, to exhibit

clocks, and did all the routine part of his work. the state of, not ~nly the sciences, but of literature .1 This might have been thought enough for a at different periods of their culture. This was

good German houaekeeper, who sat up till day- the aubject of her posthumona work. light for the greater part of the winter: but she Her faculty for abstract conception and the had scientific interests of her own. Her m'Other ; pursuit of abstract knowledge did not wait for had constructed a smaller telescope for her; and I occaaion to show itself. Yet, at the outset, as at when he W88 away from home lhe IpfInt many a the ClOle, it manifested itself in clOle alliance with night alone in the obaervatory, looking out for the imagination and the moral powel'll. Ae a umecorded stars, and for unauapected comets. child she read of the serene life of Archimedes She had new nebullB and clusters of stars to amidst the three Yeal'll' aiege of Syracuae; and the furnish to her brother's catalogues when he re- I story impressed her 10 deeply that she longed to tnrned:. and ahe discovered aeven comets in eleven make for heraelf a refuge in mathematical Btudies yean,-five of which had certainly never been from the excitements and terrol'll of the great noted before. Her first work, which supplied revolution then raging, and likely to rage for long. omisaiODl in the British catalogue to the extent of It was iu .. Montucla's History of Mathematics" 561 stars, obaerved by Flamsteed, W88 published I that she had found the account of the life and by the Royal Society. Eight years after her: heroio death of Archimedes which so moved her; brother's death, and her own return to Hanover, I and she studied the book, being then thirteen, and when she waa eighty years old, Ihe w .. pre- with a patience and courage altogether consiatent seuted with the gold medal of the Aebonomical with her view of moral order--unable to underSociety of England, and elscted an honorary st:Lnd whole pomoDl of it, but first BllC8rtaining member of that body, in conaequence of her com- i how much she could undel'lltand, and resolving to pletion of a catalogue of the clnaters of Btal'II and I maater the rest, ICOner or later. The more terrible nebula! observed by her brother, and, though she did : the pMphecies she heard in her father's drawingnot eay so, by herself. She lived on till ninety- I room (he being a member of the Constituent leTen, a perfect exemplification of the beat effeots , Aasembly, and therefore living in politicalaociety) of intellectual pUl'lluit of a high order on the' the more strenuously .did little Sophie apply her whole nsture. Her frame w .. healthy; her mind I faculties to this History of Mathematics and the w.. aerene; her intellect was clear till jDlt the Itudies it indicated, to the amazement of her laH; her affectiona were through life genial and family, who could not conceive why she W88

faitbfnl; her manDel'll modest and aimple; and ' auddenly engrossed in the study of Euler. They her old age tranquil and dignified. There is no were not only amazed but displeased; and trace, in her whole career, of any sort of con· among other modes of opposition they took away temptuoUl UlllfJe on account of her scientific: all her clothes at night, when the weather W88 so tendencies; and the respect with which she w .. I cold as to freeze the ink in the gu. Sophie treated at Windsor fil'llt, and afterwards by the I qnietly rose, when they were all asleep, wrapped King and Court at Hanover, till her death in ; herself in the bedclothea, and pursued her studies. 1848, acem8 to have been the natural expression ! The elementary books she could lay hold of were of what waa felt by everybody who witneMed or not BUch as we have to learn from now. They heard of the facts and manner of her life. were full of faults and omissions, acoording to our

Next comes the French lady, who w .. bom later present view; and they gave her more trouble than and died earlier than Caroline Herschel I her family did. She advanced beyond those boob,

Sophie Germain began her career in a very I however; and in time her family let her alone. different way. Bel'll w .. a cue of IUch a prepon· : During the Reigu of '.1;eJ:.ror Bh~ made herself

Di itized b ,GOO ne

820 ONCE A WEI!lK. [8J:Pr.l6,'" II ~ of the Differential Calculus of Ceuam. : Her exprelliion of her ideu and feelinp, aDd her ' Times improved for her when Bociety wall 80 far I narrative of incidents 'Were BO preciee, 80 brief, 80 I aett1ed u that the Normal and PolytecJmic BCbools perfect, that no improvement wall pouible, &lid II

of Paris were opened. By one device or another ~ every alteration must; be for the W'OIIIe. The she obtained the notes of many of the profeiBorB' I same fitn-. o1earn-, BiDcerity, appeuoed in aU leaBOnB ; and .he was preaently bewitched by abe did. Her life 'Was not; the 1_ genial for tbia, I':' Lagrange'B new and luminoUi analyail. It; wall nor her CODveraation the 1_ lively and natara1. the cuat;om for such students as deBired it to oft'er ' It; bad a somewhat poetical cut, or I8eDl8Cl to their obiervatioDl in writiDg to the profeesor, at ' bave to thOle who were expecting to find "a -- II, the 01018 of hie C0111'll8. Sophie took advantage of I thematical prude," or a dry pedant. thiI cUitom to get her nofiel handed in to Lagrange, I She died in 1831, after long and cruel auiferiag, II as coming from a student; and great was the heroically borne. She wall fifty.five yean old- , praise awarded to the mJl1ierious .tudent, whOle I younger by a generation than Caroline Henche1, /,1 real name was BOOn betrayed to the great man. but dying 18ventBen yean before her. He called on her, to praise and encourage her; Meantime, the EnglWl, or rather Scotch WOllLlll /1: and from that time she was known as a mathema- bad been reaching middle life, in the punuit; of tician, and corresponded with by the meet eminent the atudiea of both the othen, and from the l&1li8

lCientific men, 80 that she bad abundant facilities natural aptitude. for pro~. In col'relpondence with GaUBI of This natural aptitude betrayed itBelf -- I', ffiSttingen, abe again wrote under an aaumed pectedly in Mn. Somerville'. C&I8, in the DIidA name ; but she wall preaently recognised, and of an ordinary girl's education, at the openiDg of thenceforward she attempted. no concealment. thiI century. She lived at MUIIelburgh, near 11\ Her firIt specific enterpri18 illustrates her Edinburgh, and wall IeDt to lICbooi there, being courage and perl8Verance as thoroughly as her remarked for nothing except docility, gentlen-, Ii whole life. Napoleon was diaatiafied that there and quietn.... She learned to 18"1t', u little girla was no lCientific ex~on of the results of the should; and it was natural that, when abe was at II curiOUI experiments of Chladni on the ribratioDl home, abe abould sit 18wing in the window·Beat of of elastic metal plates; and he oft'ered. an extr&or· the room where her brother took hie l~ from I' dinary prize if the Inatitute could diacover the hie tutor. Hilliater liked hie mathematical 1_ mathematicallawB of thOle vibratiODl. Lagrange beet; and abe regularly laid handa on hie Enclid, I, at once declared the thing impouible; that ii, it and carried it up to her own room, to go over the 1:, would require a new species of analyaiB. Few I_on by herself. One day, her brother wall atopwould bave thought of proceeding in the face of ped by a difficulty, and, forgettiJlg her Beoret, I'

BUch an opinion: but Sophie said, c. My dear little Mary popped out the aDlwer. The tutor II'

muter, why not try 1" After a world of study, atarted; the family inquired, and very B8II8ibly Bhe I8Dt in, u the result, an equation of the let her alone. Prof_or Playfair wu an intimatB movement of elastic surfaces. It was faulty; and friad of the bouaehold; and not very long after 1,1

abe Ba'W why. But for the irregularity of her the above incident, Mary found an opportunity to mathematical education the failure could not; have put a private queetion to the profeuor-Did be happened; and abe 18t to work to remedy the evil. think it wrong for a girl to learn Latin? Not I

She actually produced the new kind of analyail neceuarily; but muck depended on what it wall ill which Lagrange had declared to be neceuary ; and for. WeD, Bhe wanted to study Newton'. Princi· he was the firIt to applaud the feat. Moreover, he pia, and that wu the truth. The prof~ did II

obtained the exact equation from her BOheme. not lee any harm in thie, if .he liked to try. In a She herae1f purIIued the application, and obtained few monthe abe wall maatering the Principia. I'

honourable mention for thill8CODd attempt. She Her firIt marriage was favourable to her line of wu invited to enter again into the competition; study; or, I .hould rather BaY, to thil particular

anpleteld on thilSh' tdhirdlared-thaion shbo':" ~~ comd• o!!~ .. °edf her various studi ... daShe ilId apeak very ~; I'! y. e ec Ii ' .... __ ge an PIllW woman-underatan an. • IIIIV_ Fourier had aided her by their suggeetioDl: but langnagee; has in her day been an amateur artiat they, and all others, said that a hint or two in the of CODIiderable merit, and was considered to play application of her msthod had nothing to do with well on the harp. But when abe married a nan! 'I the diacovery of it, and inIiated that the glory officer who delighted in her sYmpathy in hie prowu her own without drawback. [t does not feelional studies, Bhe made great progreu, and, appear that glory wu any object to her in com· was becoming qualified for future achievement&. parison with progreu in knowledge. She wrought Still, we do not; hear of the gentle and quiet MrL out the applicatioDl of her own methods, and sup· Gregg being pointed ont to general notice as a plied 18vera! theorems to Legendre on the theory learned lady. The firIt that was generally beard of numbers, which he publiahed in the supplement of her, wall 'When the children of her l8Cond mar-to biBl8COnd edition; anti the further she went in, riage, two daughters, were almost grown up, and mathematice the more widely she extended her her BOD, Mr. Woronzow Gregg, was making hiI studies in other departments, eepecially chemist:ry, way in the world. She wall then the wife of Dr. physica, geography, and the history of philosopby, Somerville, physician of Che1l8a HOIpital. It ".. lCience, and literature. She employed her analytic a pleuant houae to go to-that airy houee at; faculty in all directiODl, and manifested her syn· Chelaea, 'Where the heet wall alwaye delighted to t;hetic power on every Bubject which abe touched. I tell the lltories of hil wife's early studies, and to

We are told that in her mannen and convelll&· show, in the deep drawer full of diplomaa, the totion, the utmeet grace of accuracy wu manifeated. k_ of her reoent fame; an<\.--where t¥ ~

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- the .model of a h08tea8, well dreIeed, genial I book of hers; and that WIll iasued many years aDd hospItable, apparently with the coDStant b.-I' later, when llhe had long resided abroad. This inga of a good cook, a neat hODle, and a perfect work, "Physical Geography," appeared in 1848. knowledge on her own part how to keep it. Her A characteristic feature of Mrs. Somerville's taste harp was in the corner, and her picturell on the appe&1'8 in the dedications of her books, and indeed walls; and there WIll the belt lIIOOiety in London in their being dedicated at all. Not only recoiling in her drawing.room. from innovation in almost all ways, but somewhat

This was when the impreBllion of her firIIt great old·fashioned in her habits of mind, she has through work was fresh. Some experimeJIta that she had life taken pains to do what WIll proper, and in made, showing the magnetic influence of the violet that anxiety has made such few and superficial ray! of the BOlar apectrnm, had before directed the mietakes as she has made. They are not worth a attention of some philosophical inquirers to her reference except for the light they caet on the capabilities; and when the Society for the Dif· force of her abstract faculties. She who dedicated fusion of Useful Knowledge WIll set up, IIhe was her works (one to the Queen, and another to Sir invited to prepare for it a popular version of J. Herschel), in the fashion of a former age, when Laplace's" M6canique C61eate." She accomplished author and readers had not been brought face to the task, but not in a form suitable for the So- face; she who, becaDle she was advised, not only ciety; and her work was published indepeD- went to Court, but took her daughters there; she dently under the title of .. The Mechanism of the who allowed her portrait to be prefixed to one 'Of Heavens." It was a radical mistake to set Mrs. her own works; she who has always carefnlly Somerville to work on popular versions of scientific kept abreast of a cautious conventionalism, and works. A dift'erent quality and character of mind dreaded manifesting any originality except in one is required for discovering abstract truths, and for direction, has been so inspired in that direction as putting them into a form which unscientific minds to be unconscious of the: pecnliarity which all the may comprehend. From her gentleneBB and aim- world was. admiring. Hence her security from plicity, Mrs. Somerville was tractable, and under- being spoiled. In 1835, she was chosen an honGtook what she was told wonld be most DBeful; but rary member of the Royal Astronomical Society; the work was perplexing to her. When her firIIt and the learned Societies of every civilised country and second editions were sold in a wonderfully followed this lead, till, as I said, she had a deep abort time, her publisher asked her, with all due drawer fnll of diplomas; but neither thill nor any deference, whether abe could not simplify some other form of homage ever made the slightest difparte of the book. so as to bring them down to the ference in her manners, or seemed to occupy any comprehension of ordinary readers. She tried, part of her thoughts. Sitting beside old Dr. Dal· and declared it the most difficult thing she had ton, on the sofa, talking of the atomic theory, or ever attempted. What the publisher and others what not, she never perceived that the eyes of called simplifying, aeemed to her to be obscuring many strangers were upon her, and that the great IUld perpluing her SeJIBe. When she quitted the men of the scientific world were trying to catch preciIIion and brevity of scientific terms, she the tones of her voice. Her partial absence of could never tell what the matter would epread out mind ill another evidtmce of the character and to. This should have put an end to all interfer- action of her intellect. No one can be further ence with her course, as it proved the error of from what is called .. absent" in society. No one expecting the same mind to BUpply the two me- can be more awake and alive to the conversation thods of exposition-the scientific and the popular. and the interests of others; yet her husband used

If her fint great work. indicated her mathe- to amuse himself, and astonish an occasional guest matical powers, her next exhibited the course of by proving how long it took to lltir her up from her philoeophical taatea.. She had given a brief her studies. She did not need an elaborate privacy 8CC011I1t of her view of the Connexion of the Phy- for her pursuits. She used the family sitting ai.cal Sciences in the introduction to the "Me- room, when studying or writing; and, as lOon as chaniam of the Heavens:" and this view formed she was fairly engaged, her husband would begin the groundwork of her second book. It ill very libelling her in extravagant terms, and in a loud interesting in its diIIclOllurea to unlearned persons, voice, without making her look up, till, at 1aet, and as indicating the direction and variety of her when he shouted her name, she would ask if he studies; but it ill defective in the masterly close- was speaking to her, and be surprised to see every· n.s, directness, and precision which her mind was I body laughing. Hers ill the strongest and clearest capable of wheJI dealingwith mathematical truths. case possible of a special intellectual organillation, Its popularity amazed her, and delighted her compelling its own exercise in simplicity and friends; who, for the most part were unaware of honour. the extent to which the oountry could furnish a Mrs. Somerville has been lost light of, though reading public for scientifio work.s, and who had never forgotten, for many years. About twenty mistak.en the reasons for the failure of the publi. I years since, the health of Dr. Somerville caused cations of the Diffusion Society. One edition I the removal of the family to Italy, whence they after another had to be prepared; and moat con· have never returned, Dr. Somerville having died llCientioUllly did Mrs. Somerville apply herself to I at the age of 93, a few weeks ago. improve each one as it was demanded. She was Their friends felt a sort of indignation at an not the sort of author to write more books than ' incident which occurred BOOn after their departure. abe otherwise would, becaDle ahe was sure of a I Of all people in Europe, Mrs. Somerville was the favourable reception for anything abe would pub- ! one who could by no means obtain a proper view liab. As far as I know, there ill only one more , of the comet of 1M3. 1;110 only ~ble tele-

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Beope of value waa in the obecrvatory of a Jeauit convent, in Tuecany, where no woman waa allowed to CroBB the threshold. Thia indignation in England looks like evidence that tho world has ad· vanced in its intellectual and moral liberties.

Whatever the Tuscan Jemita might think of her caae, I believe that Mrs. Somerville and all her many frienda would aay, if aaked, that they never

·heard of a disrespectful word being spoken of her,

in connection with her powel'll and her punuitl. II Her work il over, for ahe ia almost aeventy yer.r1l II of age; and it iI not a cue in which death il required to silence levity or Ilal"Ca8m; for there ia none of either to put to shame. Under luch circumatancea, we may reasonably hope ~ these female mathematicians may be, indeed, Representative Women,--leadel'll of an honound and increasing cIau. bOLEBY 8co"!T.

F1RST LOVE.

8uz was the first, the only atar That shone upon my lire,

The summer of my days bad Bet Before I called ber wife;

The leaves have fallen twenty times Beneath our trysting tree,

Since the ringers shook the rafters In the helfry by the sea.

The pulses of my heart beat ~low, With calm, unflutter'd stroke,

Till with a party from the Gran;;e I pic-nie'd at the Oak;

A stranger to oar Forest ways, She came with Alan's hride,

One glance-I knew my love WII.8 como-The old indiB'erenoe died,

The park, a snmmer'l walk across, Was 'amoas in the shire;

The porter at the created gates Grew rich and bleued the Squire ;

I show' d ~he glade where ballads I&y The King met Robin Hood,

I took her where, &8 boys, we cropp'd Wild strawberries in the wood.

The gardens and the orange-trees, The swans upon the lake,

The gazing stags among the fero, The pheasantl in the brake :

These snmptuons aigna of wealthyitAte She I&W wi\h sweet ~

And I--new light was on them a1I, Seen with a lover's ele... I

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SaT. 14, l88O.) OUT OF THE DEPTHS. ~23 When .Alan blew his warning hom, been frequent and emphatic, when, upon putting

My chestnut join'd her bay; the last three slides of our series (purposely Down the lon, gm8ll)' •• rides" we rode, reserved ae a final wnne wuche) upon the stage of

And wateh d the rabbits play. the instrument, the common delight culminated in The dead Inn in hi. crimBllD abrond a general exclamation of, " Oh, how sweetly

Lay buried in the weat, pretty! The loveliest little shella !.. Each AnJ Lon wu neat.ling in my heart, refractory left optic wae punished again and Aaain

An inmate, not a gaest. -..

A gipIJ party gaily plani'd, A smile, a soft .. good. night,"

And then I left the low white house, J ast 81 the stars were bright :

Lost in some far, forgotten see, The sailor on the shore

Sights, to his joy, the ship that comes To bear him home once more.

The bride mOOD with her dower o£ stars Twice grew to matron lip,

Be£ore my birdie lew away Dack to her northem eage ;

She knew the abbey pictw·es well, She dared the haunted room,

We laughed around the Oak again, And .11' the aloe bloom.

A promile in the eriel 1I'01l To orown my growing b1iu,

A drooping heed, a circled waist, And such a binding kill I

0, happy time! 0, happ,y time I It never has its £eUow,-

The one green leaf that hangs among So many sere and ,ellow.

Before the AlIomn IpBIlt his wrath Upon the Bector1 vine,

I claim'd the promise that she made, 1 wen' and whiaper'd, "mine:"

:May'l father Vembled u he said, .. Take her, a traating wife,

And cherish one whose love has thrown A glory round my life. "

Some days beside a lonely mere, (Lured by the waterfaU),

And then we lIeUIed at the GraDgB, For Alan took the Hall :

How Iwift the lustres ~'d along, Sweet heart, with 10Te and ,yoa,

For if the u,y was sometimes dark, There came a break of blae.

And ever, as the year wind. round, And brings the longest day,

'We gather at the Forest (lak, Where first I met my May ;

Look, Alan'. boy and our maybad .Are coming down the .. ride,"

Perhaps before another June There 'U be another bride.

B. F. SItIlTOllLft.

OUT OF THE DEPTHS.

NOT many evenings ago, some half·dosen pain of bright eyea were peeping by turns through our microecope. Dainty fingers were preued into obstinate left eyes wbich would not keep shut, and pretty mouths were twisted into agonising contortions in the effort to lee all that could be _no .. Obs I" and .. Aha I" together with all the usual feminine expreuious of admiration, had

in repeated examinations of the objecta, and on aU handl we were aasailed by the questions: .. What are they! and where do they come from!"

Now, although we all know it is often euier to uk than to anawer a simple question, it does seem aomewhat atrange that we should make a long pause before replying, or that we should feel much difficulty in telling all about so very amall a matter. Three Blips of g1au, three inches long and an inch broad, with ae much fine white dUBt in the centre of each 81 would cover a threepenny.piece, do not look like a very trying lubject to be examined upon: each slip, too, is labelled with the name of the object it carries, ae well 81 a note of the locality from which it W8I procured; but these do not help 01 much ; the names are long and unintelligible to un· initiated ean. Perhaps if we give them here, the reader will understand our embarrasament; he will at leBBt see what hopeleu thinga they would be to offer 81 an explanation to a ladY'1 untecbnical but inquiring innocence; nay, pouibly, if we have been fortunate enough to raise his curiosity, he may not himself be disinclined to listen, perhaps, in company with our fair friends, wlille we attempt an anawer to the questions, What they are! and whence do they come? The labels read respectively 81 follows: 1. "Forami· nifen&-Atlantic soundings." 2." Polycys&Atlantic BOundinga." 3. ., Diatomacere-Atlantic soundinga. "

These are long worde, 81 we said, and convey to most minds nothing very clearly, except a notion that the fine white dOlt bu come in some way from the Atlantic. And so in truth it bu. The three hard names represent the chief producta of the .ea-tloor of that great ocean; and the tiny Blides before 01 contain the remains of plante and animals brought up by the sounding·line from their dark home, some two miles beneath the lur· face of blue water. Let us see if these Itrangers from a far-off unknown region can be made to tell UI something, 81 they lie beneath our micro· scope, of themaelves and the mysterioUl hidden realm from which they come. We may suppose IUch atomies can scarcely tell us mucla, yet the vaguest story of their lives and destinies cannot but interest us. From the earliest times there bu always existed some strong charm in the unknown recesses of the watery world. Ever since the old Hellenic poets saw

II Far in the wine.dark depths of the eryetal, the gardens of Nereus,"

the imagination of man has delighted to people the clear river or the restless sea with fair semi· ~uman forms. The old·world dreams of Siren, Triton, and Naiad are perpetuated in the later legends of Undine and the Lurleyberg; and our own great muter·poet h81 perhaps drawn no more lovely figure than .. his r-tiNill ~hter of

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Locrine "-the river-born Sabrina. The moat bottom and back again to upper air. The theory matter-of·fact man has, when lounging by the was pretty; but, alas for fact I in the atilln_ of I: shore, been sometimes attacked with the strong the calmest night u .-verberation ever reached the II desire, if not to people the subaqueous realms of listeners. Instrument.. were made in which a lake or _ with imaginary beings, at least to 'column of atmospheric air should register the penetrate the shrouding veil of water, and to : aqueous pressure it l'!8tained below, and-thus discover what are the beautiel and what the (again by calculation) give the required informafOl1llll he feels lie hidden beneath the wave. Some 'I' tion; but, preaaed upon by luch a volume of men there are, indeed, in whom this wish has liquid, nothing could be made lufiiciently strong grown to be a pasBion. It is not long since two i to bear the strain, and 80 this, too, failed. Sinken, , widely-known and enthusiastic naturaliatB, poe- 'with screw-propellers attached, were tried, in BellIed with this strong desire to know, prepared I which the screw made a certain number of rewthe Decessary apparatus, and at lOme risk of life IIUtions for every fathom of ita deacent, but it invaded the lea-gad's dominions. Thence they would Dot do. Electro-magnetism wu preued into have Bent up to us an eye-witne81' report of the service (what errand under the lun has not submarine manners and customs, and told us how I electrical agency been set to do 1), bat without the world goes on at the fifty-fathom line. Many avail: the .. blue water" mocked at every ellOrt; a busy dredge, too, hu been scraping for years to gauge it. past at the sea-floor, wherever it can be reached, At length, after innumerable discomfitures, a ; : bringing ever Dew facta before quick eyel and simple suggestion led the way to a 801ution of the thoughtful brains; till in these times we begin to difficulty. In all attempts hitherto made to sound get a tolerably intimate knowledge of the com- with an ordinary "lead" the shock produced by I plicated economies of the water-world; at le&llt contact with the ground was relied upon for an in such depths as our researches can be made with indication of the depth; in practice it _ found II ordinary appliancee. that no such shock _ ever communicated, but I I,'

Lately, one of the most eminent of English that the line would continue running out endleuly scientifio men (now, alu! no more), has attempted without giving the ali,hteet hint of bottom. to map out the minuter features of these regions, Cuts made upon this theory gave the astounding 80 far as animal life is concerned, with corisider- depths of thirty, forty, and fifty thousand fathoml, able accuracy. The physical geography (if we mile after mile of line being swallowed up by the I

may 80 call it) of European _-bottoms is now a currents. The proposal which paved the way to science in which .0 many facts have been regia- succeaa _ this. To time the hundred fathom tared, and 10 many observations made, that prac· marks upon the aounding line as they left the reel, tica1ly the waters of our bays and firthe have been and by uling alwaY' a line of the same make, IIDd ' rolled back for us, and the tre&llures they cover sinker of the same eize and weight, to endeavour laid bare to our view. But of thOle profounder to establish lOme law of descent. It _ Uied, depthe, far out in what BAilors call .. blue water," and within a very abort time succceded. The neither poet or naturaliat have as yet much news mean of many experiments gave a certain period to tell us. Here the diving.dress and dredge are for the sinking of the first hundred fathoma. alike uaele81, and even the Bounding-line long another greater period for the second hundred, and failed to fathom theBe tremendoUB aby_, much so on up to thOUl&Dde. Now, until the lead has less to bring up thence any reliable evidence of their reached the bottom, it will drag out the line at .. formation or inhabitants. The art of deep sea- constantly decreasing but ascertained speed; onee lOunding-which many, we believe, consider to there, however, the ourrents begin to act upon the be merely a thiog of every-day life at sea, a simple twine now no longer kept tense by weight; thiI matter of a string and a lead-is of decidedly is the moment at which the true lOunding has recent origin. Human science and ingenuity, been accomplished, and its arrival will be very which had gauged the heaveus and meaaured our evidently marked by a change in the rate at which , earth's distance from remotest visible planets; the twisted hemp delcende; for the force of the which had lOunded abyu after abyu of firma- currents being of coustant interisity will produce mental space, and brought ODe faint nebula after an uniform instead of a variable motion, and the another within resolvable distance; stood ba1lled 1- fathom-markl will paBB more 110wly and at equal in the elrort to tell the depth of mid-ocean. Many intervals over the reels __ After a few triale this were the trials made to lOund in deep water, which plan was found to give result.. which might be all proved failures. The old-fashioned .. lead" I considered reliable; lOundings on being many sunk and BUnk endleae1y, and sent up no shock timee repeated over the same spot checking each to tell when the bottom had been reached: cur- other with surprising accuracy. The main part of rents which eeized the sinking line, dragged it I the problem WAi solved, but there was yet much out by thOUl&Dde of fathoms, and would do 10 till I to be done: though the heavy shot would drag the every reel was emptied. Ingenuity was almost line to the bottom, it could not afterwards prevent exhausted in Dew methods. Charges .of gun- its being drifted perhaps hundreds of fathome powder were exploded beneath the waves in the from the perpendicular, and to lift the sinker hope that the echo from the lea-floor would reach again to the mrface was a complete impoeeibility; the surface. Experiment would furnish data for thus though ground WAI reached and its distance determining the rate at which lOund travels in from the surface meaaured, its nature and peenwater, and the depth was to be ascertained by liarities remained unknown as before. Thil dOIi- i' computation from the time occupied by the passage culty also _ conquered in the end as our three ,I

of such sound, caused by the explosion, to the little slides will _0 bYC~ of the [I

&.n.lI, 1880.] OUT 01' THE DEl'TBS.

u. S. Navy, and coadjutor of Lieutenant Maury's, , not; a particle of them but; was onoe a living named Brooke, devied a simple method by which organism. the need of raising the Beken uot was done And now think of this : if it were at tim dilapaway with. Through a hole drilled right through pointing to find no vilible evidence of bUly life, the ball he paaed a amall wire, allowing it to atrangeformaofuuknownplant.andanimalB,lI1U'ely projeet some few iD.che8 at both endB; one extra· there is somethinggrandlyartutling in the coD.lideramity of the wire he fashioned into a little cup, and tion of what the Atlantic floor really ill. Picture to the other he attached the soeding line; the if you can the tho_dB of square miles over sinker tho prepared was hove, and upon the pro· which thiI living 8now·white carpet of unknown jectmg cup coming in contact with the ground an thickDeu is spread, and standing in imagination ingenioUi disengaging apparatUB detached the upon the precipitoUi edges of the hills which rile to 32.pounder altogether from the wire, and the form our illand, look down thenoe into the lightened line came merrily up again from the boundleee abyu some 1700 feet below, in which, deep, leaving ita bulky companion buried in the hidden from all human eyes, in darkne88 and perAtlantic ooze, but; iteelf returning freighted with feet etillueea, elowly-oh I how slowly-these little the long desired riche8 from below. It was not Foraminif_ and Polycystium are building up a much evidence to all appearance which the witu_ new chalk world, perhaps the white cllifs of brought;; a thimble full of white clay, more or another poBBible Albion. For we cannot but think l888 "lIti1l'," was the ouly product of every cast. that in Midshipman Brooke's" cup" lies the true Notwithstanding that countlee8 soundings in •• blue solution of the great geological chalk difficulty; water" have now been taken, the result has been long have we IUlpected. that the little chambered the same in every case, and the whole Bea-floor of shella (of similar family to th_), so abundant in the North Atlantic, with the exception of the this formation, were themee1vea (they and their 8hallower water. nearer shore, is proved to coUlillt fragmental the producers of the material in which exc1U1ively of thiI whitish·coloured clay or "ooze." they appear as f08lils. Year after year have geo. In some placee it is of coD.liderable 1ltiJl'nea, while logiltl advanced in the belief that the cretaoeoUB in othen it "has covered the deptha of the ocean period, about whOle origin there have been so with a mantle delicate as the macled frost and many uncertainties, must have owed ita exiltenoe light as the undrifted mow lIake on the moun· to long-coutinued accumulatioDl of the remains of tam. " II there, then, no life, no traoe of living primeval Foraminiferae; and here anuely is a thing nourished in the great sea'i bosom! Does proof there is no gaiDlaying, that the gueu WIll

vitality cease altogether at certain depths, and is right. this mighty water world but a barren deaert after Turning from thiI wide and general view of our all! Such, doubtless, were among the queetioDl lubject, we set OUllelves to look a little more first asked by expectant and, to say truth, some· closely at theae new comen from a myaterioUi

, what dilappointed men, as they examined and reo home, not without an idea that some among them

I examined that little oup of clay, and such are the may at least turn out to be hitherto uulmown forme questions which may IItill be asked without a of life. One glance of the practised micros·

I' really reliable ADlW8r. The microacope has indeed copist, however, detecta a well-known character in

I taught us, as we have seen to-night, that the each; these dwellen in the deep sea are no new .. ooze" has once held life ; but evidence is wanting creations, we recoguiae them all as old familiar

I atill to determine whether the great basin of the friendB.

i' ~ Atlantic should be conaidered as a teeming hive of We have already lAid that the chalk furniahea

I active vitality, or but 81 a gigantic graveyard. 0 with countless examples of the Foraminif_ in " For ourselves we believe the fim. True, life a foaail condition, but their living congenen are

1euena and organilatiODl grow few and low in also to be found 1I0uriahing on every shore. Let , very deep water; but 80 abundant is it every· UI Bay a word or two on their nature and peculiaII where, that we find it leu difficult to believe these rities.

delicate creatures have died and made no sign in Far down among the lowest forme of animal the long pa8Bag8 from their dark home to the stage life with which we are acquainted, is the strange

, of the microscope, than that there should be one orgauiam known as the Protens (AmeeN cillRueD8); absolutely life-follAken spot within the limits of it is nothing more than a emalllump of jelly with· our world; the aiDgular uniformity of the deposits out integtlJ)lent, but endowed with the capability also forbidB the idea that they were laid down by of moving and eating, if eating it may be called.

, drifts and current. from distant sources; hid Special organs for thiI or any other fuuction it has currents ouly been at work, the resulta of their none, but the whole of the gelatinous body coven labours would exhibit a much more miacellaneoUi and enclOBee within itlelf any atom capable of character; but inIIteed of this, every new caat afFording nutrition, and becomea mouth and brings up the laDle organisms, and that, too, stomach both, when occaaion requires. CIOI8ly without the Blightellt admixture of any foreign allied to the Proteus is another genus, which we matter whatsoever; not a visible fragment of cannot describe better than as an AmeeN invested 8he1l, no sand, not a pebble even has the sounding with a calcareoUi covering. If we imaeine a deli· line brought up, plaiuly proving to our thinking cate discoid Ipiral shell of elegaut form, marked that our minute wendB have been truly found with curved and diverging grooves, and inhabited "at home." These mone1a of clay, then, which by a tiny piece of clear jelly without organa, but seem at fint but poor waking realities after the capable of projecting the substance of ita body dreams men have dreamed of the wonden that (called" aarcode ") iu the ~~~ble filaments 'Were perhapa to be revealed, are no common mould, through perforat~i~~~\!s uell, this

326 ONCE A WEEK. [8&r:'. 16, eeo.

mat principal representative of the deep sea under the microecope will it be a matter of 1Rlr

soundings is before us. In our prepared and mounted prise to anyone who aeea it for the 1irat time, to specimen it is the shell alone which we see; the learn that ever lince the fim discovery of the delicate tenant baa of course long since perished, great family of DiatoJllllC8lB (a dieoovery aim. and its beautiful envelope alone is left; turning to oontemporaneous with the intTOduction of the our tank of eea..water, however, we can BOOn, by microacope), their true character and place in the " dint of prying pretty cl~y among the weed8, kingdoms baa been a .ubject of conatant dispute. Becure a living individual for inspection, and These little diaca, while living, have not only the 1\ placing it beneath the lene, we lhall see, to quote general appearance of some fantaatic kind of BheU, a good naturalist and accurate observer: ., From but are endowed with a very _ked power of the aides of the opaque shell protruding tiny locomotion, which haa, moreover, every aemb1ance II points of the clear aarcode j these gradually and I of being &8 much under the inftuence of volition alowly-eo gradually and alowly that the eye can- &8 the movements of any of the infusorial animal- I' not recognise the process of extenaion-stretch and cu1a; it is not then much to be wondered at t;bat extend their linea and filma of delicate jelly, till at they should have been bandied about for y_ length they have stretched right acroll the field between the animal and vegetable dominiou... II of view. TheBe filme are &8 irregular in their forme their respective aflinitiea to either appeared to " &8 the expanaiona of the earcode of the AmQlba, their observers to predominate j they are now (we with which they have the closeet affinity. Their think finally) referred to the latter kingdom, aDd \'1'

only peculiarity il their tendency to run out into take place with, qr rather below, the lowest form " long ribbone or attenuated threads, which, how- of fungi, &8 the humblest types of that bouncUe. ever, coaleace and unite whenever they come into and magnificent aection of creation. Thue, theD, mutual contact, and thUI we see the threads we complete the examination of our treuuree, branching and anaatomosing with the utmost irre- and find that the depths of ocean are, like I gularity, usually with broad triangular films at this green earth, peopled with living tenants and \' the point of divergence and union. There can be enriched with vegetable existencea; widely dif- , no doubt that the object of theae lengthened filma, ferent, perhape, from the kinde we dreamed might; I which are termed 'pseudopodia,' is the capture of lie in them; fonna, without the newneaa, size, or prey or food of some kind; perhape the more gorgeouan888 that our fancy had prefigured, yet aluggish forme of minute animalcules or the rightly fitted all to the work let them to do, and simpler plants. These, the films of BarCOde pro- that work (doubt it not), little &8 we yet know of bably entangle, surround, and drag into the ita extent or direction, one day to be disclOlled &8

chambers of the shell, digesting their softer parts no mean or unworthy example of Nature's mow, in temporary vacuoles, and then caating out the sure, yet stupendous doings. We replace our II' more solid remain. just &8 the AmQlba doee." By little alides in the cabinet. yet we cannot wholly means of theM "pseudopodia" the animal aleo leave them without lingering for a moment Ofti' ! drags itself along over a fixed surface. Such is this one imagination, fantaatic though it may I the Foraminifer of our own seM, IUld such too appear, to which they have given birth. Th_ the atomies of the Atlantic ballin_ Of the Diatoms and Polycyatinm, humblest forma of '\ POlycyetinlll we shall find no living representa- vitality, do yet eeem, in thoae wonderful pecu- I tives in theM latitudes, though even if we did, liaritiea of their coverings (which, until we had \ the above description would scarcely need to be beoome acquainted with theM lower orpnimna, , altered to aerve for them &8 well, eave in 110 far were ever considered &8 exclueively typical 01. &II their she11a or envelopes are concerned j these, infinitely higher r&ceII of anima1e), to atretoh out 'I' &8 we have an opportunity of aeeing, are of more an almost prophetic finger, pointing from the 1IUIlvarioue forme and more elegant design thatthoae of 1 __ floor, where the first faint gJimmeringa of ' thei\" near reiationa, and it 11'&8 in admiration of them the flame of life flickers through the darlm-, ., the loudest exclamations and prettiest diminutives the coming time (dietant, it may be, unnumbered were applied by our bright. eyed investigators. ages) when a more perfected creation shall enter And our third Blip of glaaB, what shall we eay of on the acene alowly preparing for ita advent. that f Its history is a somewhat more involved and And now doee any reader uk, Have we not been complicated matter. Viewed with a high magni- pursuing an uael_ theme f II there any p~ lying power several strange and beautiful forme result to be acoompliahed by theae rell8&l'Chea! are visible &8 composing the duet j there are little I At present, we conf888, not much. The Atlantic diaca of purest glue reticulated like the engine- I cable, whose very existence is referable to ~ " turned back of • watch, other disca similarly I facta made known by deep-sea BOunding is, &8 yet, reticulated and fringed with projecting proceeaea a failure; atill, let all observers work and wait;

I like the rowel of • spur; triangular forme of the I huty men, with a contempt for acraps of infOJ'lllA>o moat delicate net-work, and oval or square piecea I tion and thimblefula of knowledge, will mMDof exquisite chuing or tracery-aarely these must while do well to remember Franklin'. questicm,

I be ahe11a. And Ihe11a they are truly, though "What is the use of a new-born babe f" NODe I theae minute objects have never served &II coverings can solve that UD&uawerable riddle, yet then is

'I for anything but vegetable matter j each lovely no one of us who doubts the poeeibilities thU _y reticulated .. valve," eiliceous in ita nature and of be hidden in that germ of life. indeatrtK*ible hardneee, haa been the envelop4! of This we believe to be true. No honest; worlt &8 true a plaut &8 the tree or fiower. Living W&8 ever done, no careful effort ever made to pt; representatives of each Atlantic species are known at ODe of Nature'. amalleet seoreta without __ to us. nor if we take a caaual glance at one of theae I useful results folloli~"~~ b~~~g~ 110 we

11 PHYSIC: A FORTUNE.. 32'1 i Barr. 15, 1800. J

I prize our Atlantic lOunilinga, not doubting in the I expected to be run over continually; Miaa Murleast that patience, continued observation, and : chison has had enough of it: and I ask, with these

, experiment will yet bring to our knowledge hidden BUcce8llful cases all staring people in the faoe, why I facta, new laws, and undreamed-of wiadom out of do I sit waiting with aching heart for the patients , ' the depths. D. P. that never come f

I Right opposite to me, at the end of the Steam- I PHYSIC: A FORTUNE. BOD Road, lives my friend Barlington. He is one

I of the chief surgeons to the Rexford Infirmary. I occupy a large He has a stirring and an active practice, and 'I houle at the drives pleasantly in hi. close carriage and pair of

I comer of Clifton prancing bays. He aitB forward as he drives, and Street and Derby reads diligently, holding his book 10 that paDel'llPlace, one of the I by may _ it. People say: "Barlington must new and fashion- I make the most of his time. Every llpare minute

II

I: ,

able thorough- I he devotes to study. He's a remarkable man, fa reI recently I that Barlington I" Sometimes, when his ~e is sprung up in this , wandering through the window, he bows very populoUII manu- low to me as I drive past in my cab. For I am facturing town of supposed to hold in my power occasional consulRexford. Before tations, and Barlington has always his ~e to the my front windows main chance. He is a little, IIhrewd man, with -handsome bow an excitable manner, and a disposition to goaaip. windows on either I have heard that he sometimes becomes 80 interside of an elegant ested in diaclUllling the prevalent topics of the stone porch- day, that he has left his patients without entering three roads come upon the subject of their ailments. I dare say he to a point, and a would do a good action as willingly as any other triangular graaa- man; but he has a patronising air. When I "meet plat, surrounded him," he II hums " and II haba," puts his hands in by iron railings, his pockets, and looks at his gold repeater. He has does its beat to no children-no relations to stretch out craving maintain the hands towards him; but he loves his money, and

, peace by its un- likes to hear the chink of it as he paces up and 'I biassed equani- down the lick room. His friends say: .. An ex-I mity. Each of traordinary man, Barlington 1 Lets no grass grow

1'1 these roads leads under his feet! He drove down to Fetterkin

to long interminable roWII of respectable houses. yesterday morning, to be present at an operaI The inhabitants of these domiciles every moming tion; came back at eleven, A.JiL, IIee8 his patients ;

and afternoon must paBII and repaaa my door on oft' again by the train to Limpfold, catches the their way to the great heart of the city. ThUll, return'at five, and pockets his fifty guineas fortha hundreds go by daily_ Why, then, after five daYj-a fact-I had it from himself."

, yea1'8' residence at Wimpledown Hol1Il8, why, And Mr. Barlington is just the man to tell it ihen, I say-in the name of all that is good-do with infinite gusto. It is not long since Mr. I sit waiting from day to day, and from year to Barlington was talking to my pretty little oouain, year, for the patiente that never come? ' Mrs. Moreton. She was wondering how I, Dr.

I, You may say, Perhaps I am not steady, atten- ' Plympton, was getting on. tive, agreeable, well up in my profeaaion, and a I .. Oh !" says Barlington, .. I should say Plymp

'i host of other things. . Let me hasten to inform : ton has a fairish practioe-a fairish practice. I you that none of these objections are good against Jeremiah Pete1'll, Esq., is a patient of his. He'll

me_ of the right 8Ort. Plympton'lI doing pretty-well." I hold a London diploma of M.R.C.S., and am And he strokes his chin, and blows the d_ oft'

• graduate .of a univemty. I could at this his velvet culf.. And then he said that he did moment, with the cobwebs of years upon my not see why I sbould not bave a first·rate practice memory, give you the nine pai1'8 of cranial nerves' in Rexford. And my pretty little cousin (to

, in their order from before, backward, with their whom Barlington is apt to be very communicative) I'I four groups and their divisions, sub-divisions, and told it me with great glee, for she is a kind little

ramifications. soul; but it did not do me much good. For a Last lIummer I took oft' Mrs. Crofts' left breast few minutes I cheered up, and felt better; but

for cancer, and she lltilllives, one of my staunch variations of mind don't provide payment of billa, I IIUpporteJ'lJ. Mr. Battersby had sustained a bad or clothe my Beven children. , compound comminuted fracture of the leg. He One moming, etanding at my drawing-room

"II protests that he Wall saved from death by my window, which looks up Clifton Street, I watched

instrumentality. Mias Murchison, in a case of Barlington making his calla. He comes out of one tubercular bone, was reinstated .(she would tell house, pocketing his fee-drives on to the next,

:~, I' yon) by the bleaaing of God through my skill and ent81'll, and returns, repeating the same agreeable ability. 'operation-next door but one just varies the

But 14J'IJ. Croftt won't always be having opera- formula by holding .. circ1Jlar.Of white tiona for my benefit; Mr. Battersby can't be: paper in his fingmDi_~' while as ,I

I:

ONCE A. WEEK.

good-humoured and unooDBCioua of offence sa need be, while I looked on and felt diapoaed to be bilious.

There is Scorlinga. He is a rough, rude, halfeducated man, with plenty of vulgar impudence and random braggadocio. Scorlinp is not well up in hie prof_on. He has lately set up a close carriage; 80 it must pay with him. How does he do it! He lives round the oorner. The situation of hie house is not to compare with mine; but he can drive hie ca.rnage, and I go plodding aloug in my shabby 88COnd-hand cabriolet, that does not pay ita' expeD888.

Two yeara ago, I wsa attending a woman auffering from ovarian dropsy. She wsa fifty yeara of age, and much enfeebled with her oomplaint. My remedies were sucoeaaful, sa far sa remedies can be in such caaea. She greatly improved, and I had hopea' that aha might live a oonsiderable time, with rigid adherence to the rules I had laid down for her. Her friend, Mra. Cole, lived next door. Soorlinp is a great gun with Mrs. Cole. My patient waa worried continually about Scorlinp; and one day he pays Mra. Morris a friendly call. During this a.ccidental visit; he pities and aympathiaea, and aaanrea her he can effect a cure. It ende with hie telling Mra. Morrie, that in three months she will be henelf again, that her ooinplaint is nothing more than that incidental to married ladies. I receive a note, very civil and polite, informing me that it is not neceaaary that I should call again. But of course I did call, and found Scorlinp and Mrs. Morris in the very heart of a oonaultation.

Poor woman I she died in three weeIu. On her death-bed ahe sent for me, feeling the great miatalte she had made; but it waa too late. I arrived only to _ her lying.till and calm enough, the victI1m of groee ignorance. Scorlinp is a loudtalking, blnetering man. When he goes into a honea, he makes coarse jokes with the women, .nd is hale fellow, well met, with the men. I am a man of few worde, and it doesn't pay, in my opinion.

Soorlinp elape the muter on the back, pats the wife's cheek, chucke the daughter under the chin, toeaea up the baby. I do none of these thinp, and Rexford does not understand me.

Soorlinp _de out dozens of mixtures, draughts, and pilla,-bliatera, ointments, and lotions. I approve of these thinp, but only sa aide; Scorlinp deals in nothing else. He baa no faith in diet, or in anything. He believes in physic; nothing but physic will do with him. Soorlinp and J don't apeak ; since Mre. Morris died, J have ignored him. He sent me an inaclent letter, ill oompoaed and ill-ape1t; to which I replied, by informing him that I declined any diacuaaion whatever with men of hie grade; and he baa been my relentl8811 enemy ever since.

But if I must fIliI, let it be the failure of honesty; and let me do it honourably, if that is all I can do.

When I waa a student in London, cld Wrigley used to tell me,

.. Plympton, you must humbng! There's nothing to be done withont it. By George, Plympton I but if you mean to take, you must use plenty of humbug I ..

I used to wonder at an cld man, ench - lie, talking in that way, and answer,

" Indeed, .ir, but I never will. If they WOIl't; take me for the real metal, they never aha1l for the droll."

And he would ahAke hie head, and laugh over hie short pipe at nights, when he had come in, , and had done for the day, as though it waa fine talking, and he knew better.

And 80 twelve yeara have I plodded along in this large manufacturing town of Rexford, living from hand to mouth, how I acarcely know; and find myself just the eame sa when I firet started, only 80 much older, 80 much more careworn, 80 much 1_ able to battle with the difficulties that close in around me.

I used to live in Greg Street. For seven yean we endured that wretched habitation. Wlumever the wind wsa in the east the smoke peraiated in stopping in-doors. Whenever it rained, , the stench that came up from the ce11ara _ 80mething fearful. But the light seemed afraid of us. When a ray of 8unshine did find ita way in, it looked sa though it had been mistaken, and did not feel itself at home. My wife and I used feebly to aaaert to one another, that .. it wasn't really 110 bad." Then my wife'. , uncle left Sophia a legacy; and we removed by the advice of my well·to-do friend, Jeremiah Peters, Eaq., to Wimpledown Honea, a mOlt eligible 8ituation for a medical man.

.. Who would think," ea.id Jeremiah Paten, .. of opening a firat·rate jeweller's shop in a back atreet !" meaning, of course, that a good situation wsa of much importance. .

I had my sllrgery-door made to open upon Clif- :, I

ton Street, the house fronting, sa I said before, in Derby Place. I have a oonvenient waiting·room, I', down the surgery-paaeage, where patients were to sit until the ordinary conaulting.room should be at liberty; for, sa I said to Sophia, .. People did not like to wait in draughty paaeagee." TbiI waiting-room will hold nine perIOna; and there , are nine chairs placed. But the only dust that ie ever removed from them comes 01£ with the daily duster.

I have never known more than one person sit in that room at one time. And the Bchoolboyieb hope that five yeara ago dictated such preparation, every time I enter that apartment laughs me to leorn.

For a time after we came to Wimpledown House, I thought we Bhould have done better. But the few patients that came _med to think, that if they paid me for my medicine and advice they must enter into all their family affaire. Of course, I was willing enough to purchaae their good will by a little sympathy; but after a time they fell short, and 80 I sat waiting for the patients that never came !

Three months ago, Samuel Barnet, Eeq., sent for me. I found him Bitting upon his bed, with two chairs, the two front 1ep being p1aoed para11e1 with the ground, and the backe uppermost. Tapee were fastened from the shoulders of the chaiN, and drawn inside the bed-poat,e, and Barnet WIll driving for hie life. I had h!t&l'Jl of hie abandonment to drink, an~i~M~~ When he

I==============================================================~I :1 brr. 15, 186O.J PHYSIC: A J'ORTUNE. 329 ;,

is sufficiently recovered from this tkliri"m cum I didn't think muoh of it. .. It might do, or it

I, tTemore, I will reason with him, ere he is ir.re. might not. He wouldn't like to lend money upon i I trievably lori. At the end of a fortnight Barnet it." That was just a figure of speech, nothing

I, was himself again- more. I One morning he began to qnestion me as to the But the weelr. after my probationary time was I nature of his recent malady. I did not feel that out, and my chance of protecting my invention

I the time was fully arrived, and I would have poet. had gone by, what does Barlingtou do ? He goes ! poned it. But an answer he would have. If I to Gibbs, of the Patent Office, registers a slight

had lashed myself into a fury of enthnaiaam, it alteration upon my design, and calls it .. Barling. would have paaaed for good fellowship, and I ton'. Improved I " Then he orders a quantity to

" should have lost nothing by my candonr. Many be made forthwith, and supplies them at a large I I men would have exaggerated his case, and have profit to the Rexford Infirmary.

made excuses which they knew were not tenable. Yet Darlington drives his carriage, and is making I conaidered, if I lpoke the truth candidly and ,his thousands a-year; and I am waiting for the

'III mildly. reproaches were for his own conaoience; patienta that never oome ! excuses came not near the subject. For Barnet I tried my hand at authorship. I gave to the 1V88 rich and healthy, with a well-conducted world," Plympton on the Action of the Coraco· i' family, whose only grief conaiated in hiB deplorable brachialia," .. Speculations on the Spheno.maxil. self-indulgence. , lary Ganglion," and .. Plympton on the Pineal

So I gave him the simple truth, without any Gland. " My publishers, TitRin and Snudbury, circumlocution whatever. And what did he foretold me golden opinions, and the gratitude of say ! a discerning public. The" Coraoo-brachialis "

.. If I mil to hear," said Barnet, .. why not let coat me thirty pounds, and brought me in seven me have it, in a good bluff Jerry-go-round lort of at the end of 'nine months. The "Speculations" manner, and have done with it! but in that sleek I sold to TitJlin and Snudbury for 151.; and to milk·and·water way, like a cat treading on paper, this day it holds a certain position in medical -why, hang it !~, literature.

And so. when Barnet and I met in Eye Lane a Jeremiah Peters met me in the City last Wed· week after, he would not look at me. nesday. Barlington once said :

There is a sort of fashion in bluntu8ll. If you "It was a good thing to be seen talking to come ont with a slang word or two to luch men Peters; it was as though you had a heavy balance as Barnet, rant and tear, and call heaven and as your banker's." earth to witness a plain fact, it goes for something. Well, Jeremiah drew out his pocket-book, and To be quiet, compoeed, and gentlemanlike, is to said to me, be nothing; it is to be namby-pamby, "Dr. Plympton, can't you give me a sovereign

.. Why, man, you swill like a porpoise, and are for the widow Jones!" as bloated as one I" is the blunt style of expres· I shook my head. "Gold doesn't come 10 sion. .. Why, good sir, you drink much more easily into my pocketa," I said, smiling; and I than is good for you!" is the other. Each achool could not help bllt think, .. Does he recollect that has ita disciples; and, although the two come to T have seven children! if he does not, I do." much the same conclusion, the ethics that lead to When I went home, I observed to Mrs. Plymp· the one are of a coarser study than those that lead ton, "How would Mr. Peters have opened his to the other. eyes if I had said quietly'to him, as he looked at

Being much at home, and Mrs. Plympton having me,' Mr. Peters, I am not making a living I' " the house cleaned down at the time, I was left Sophia laughed, and said, "It would have been more to myself than is usually the Cas8. To a good joke,-it would indeed." And as ahe employ myself, I made some improvements upon fidgeted about, and smoothed her apron with an an inclined plane for fractures, and Jeremiah 88Iumed air of indi1rerence, I saw the quiver that Peters, Esq., just happening to pay his account, I went across her face, in spite of the smile upon devoted IOL to registering 'my idea. I was full of her lips. hope of it; it had many points to recommend it And how is it, I would ask, that while so many to the use of the profession. I began to find inferior to myself, both in education and abilities, myself whistling when T sat alone in my study, get on, I am left behind? I am not disagreeable; comparatively light-hearted. I found myself spe- if I were, would Mrs. Jameson show me her new cu1ating as to how Tomlinson would regard me bonneta! would Mias Thompson try on her new when I paid him the whole of his bill. I won· cloak for me to see! would Smith ask my advice dared how it would feel if I were to payoff every· before entering into the shipping bnsin8ll! or body, and owe nothing. I used to look knowingly George Purples, Esq., request me to give my up at Sophia when she came to lee what I was opinion upon his son George's aptitude for the about, and say mysteriously, .. There was no army? No, I am not disagreeable; that is not to knowing what Plympton's improvement might not be maintained. do for us, after all." No one would doubt that I was attentive, did

But the six months went by. The" taxes" they see me, day after day, when I return from had not been paid; the " gas " must be attended the few calls I have to make, sitting down, book to; Mrs. Dubbms had sent three times for the in hand, or teaching my children-alwaya em· amount of her bill; and my improved plane, as ployed in some way on the lpot, lest I should lose Barnet would say, .. walked into the middle of a chance patient. nut week." Barlington, whom T had oonaulted, Sophia sometim~9i~~~t I am

330 ONCE A WEEK. [thin. l.~. l!:eO.

brfore my time. It is agreeable to solace one's self \ ha;e knocke<l dolll.'D the greengrocer's boy, but in that way; bnt I am inclined to ask, am I not I why doesn't he get out of tho way! These are beltind my time! not days to be putting your handa in your pocketA

Everybody is jostling everybody; there'. no allll staring about. You must be Ill' and away time to lee who's down. The hour is striking by -here, there, everywhere-or you'd better give Rexford Cathedral; don't you hear ita clang lip the race at once. But if we are all to be 10

through the rattle of carta and waggons, Bud the bustling, all 80 lIeet of foot, all 80 strong of wind, puffing of steam over the bridge yonder t There's who'. to win! I W&llt to run without knockiDg no time to be l.oet-the train will start! Time my neighbonra before me, sending them ftying waite for no man-there are three minute. to get I into space. I want to live, but I don't want to up the .tepa, take your ticket, into the carriage, I prevent othera living too. and be oft'! There's the bell! Good heavens, and But it isn't the spirit of the time. If I do not there'. the whistle ! It'. off! it's oft'! There's boast and blaster, I'm nothing. And therefore it nothing left but a long line of Hoating white I is that I Bit at home looking at the hundreds thal steam, that curla over and under, over and under, I paa and repua. but nobody turns in. They Cl'OII

and vanishes before the win<l Your coach may I the road to Barlington, or they go rOlmd the '

comer to Soorlinga, and I Bit waiting for the amazingly. No one " 'ollld have guessed how patienta that nover come. choked my voice was, and how I had to push it

I go up.staira to my drawing. room, and look up forcibly out against its will. When Lydia went Clifton Street. People are coming down quite away I gave over humming, and I said in the faat. There's Sims. I know hiB wife's expectant. I bittemeaa of my heart, .. For God's sake, will the Is he-is he ooming-I think-no, he's turned I patients never come I" the comer. Well, well. I Then I took a doleful journey through the

Yesterday I went into the nursery, &lid found roome. I felt that I was becoming stupid. A my eldest daughter, Lydia, sitting alone, with her 80rt of counter irritation might have ita eft'ect; 80

gazelle·like eyes suffused with tears. In reply to I go into the waiting. room that I may survey the my question as to what was wrong with her, ahe nine chairs that are never sat upon. There I find only amiIed like her mother, and aait!, .. She had my oldest boy of twelve comfortably aett1ed hJ..I . been moping." I knew what it meant. I stirred the window, reading by stealth my medical books, I

the fire, by way of showing that I was cheerful, although I have decidedly set my face asainst his and not afraid of my coal hills. I hummed the following in my footsteps. I could have taken latest box.organ tune, and Lydia brightened up the books from his hand and- burnt them, bu

Digitized by ~oog 1 e

'I BEft'. 15, 18GCL] A FEW WORDS ON STEAM NAVIGATION. 3:-\

332 ONCE A WEEK.

in ~e foreDooD, and sailed about for _e hours in ~e I father'. death. In 1828 it W88 packed by him in Fri~; but ~ day falling calm, tbe custom-houae boat a deal cue and IeDt to Mesara. CouttB and Co. oould make but little way. We landed on Incheolm, bankers. Here it W88 kept till 1837 when it ~ where. we remaiD~ for 101I!e hours ,..aitin~ for a breeze removed to the warehouae of M~ Tilbmy, to apnng up. Thll accordingly happened m tbe ~- High Street, Marylebone. Thence it _ eent to nooD, and a very line breez~ from the west, and fair for M .It eth Mack . f Qu Stree~ F.din tbe harbour of Leitb, and we started at tbe aame time r. enD • enDe, 0 ~ .. • for a fair run to ~e barbour. The donble vessel beat ?urgh. who . kept It for lOme time, and ~1 by a few minutes. Being tberi younll and stout, I took mltmcted ~ agent, Mr. Fraaer, to aell It. n my abara of the labour of the wheels, which I found W88 ac~~gly. BOld by Mr_ p!-r to the late I

Tory aevere exerciae j but it aatiafied me that a proper Mr. William Kirkwood, of Edinburgh, who reo power only 11'&8 wanting to produce mucb uWity from moved it from ilia framing, and threw it on ODe the invention. I was now led to converae with Mr. side, intending to melt it up for the sake of tIui Miller on ~e subject, and I obaerved to him that unless metal. The death of Mr. Kirkwood, however, he could apply a more commanding powar tban that of l'8IICIled thia moat intereating relic from ita lID· men I 11'&8 afraid the invention would be of little use. timely fate, and it came into po8I888ion of the Be an~w~ .. I am o~ the aame opinioD, ~d .that succeeding firm, Mesare. Kirkwood and Sou, from power 18 J~ w~t I am lD _reb of. My obJ~ III to whom it was purcbaaed for a small sum, and add mecbanieal ald to .the natur&!- force of tbe 1I'1nd, to tran&ferred to the G t Seal Patent om in 1853. enable vesell to aVOid or extricate themaelvea from. . rea .. ce dangerous position I when ~ey cannot do it on their ~Ing, h~wever, ~ a somewhat dilaPidated etate, present conatrnction, and· I wisb allO to give them It was reinatated ~ a frame by Meaara. John peIJIJ powers of motion in a calm." It became the daily and Sonl, .and In January, 1857, .- final!y Bubject of our conversation during leisure hours. We removed to Ilia PreBeDt home. There It atanda lD

talked of many plat.s, but none of them aatisfactory. ilia integrity, a monument of anxiety rewarded I

i At last, after beating over the whole IJltem or mechanica, &\ld difticultiea overcome. It baa found a resting· I I said, "Mr. Miller, I can suggest no power equal to place worthy of ilia great origin, and will doubtlell I the Bte81n engine, or 10 applicable to your purpose." prove 81l object of even greater interest to the

·Be expresaed lOme surprise, and said, "Tbat is a generationa which succeed us than it dOCll to our· powerful &gent, I allow, but will not _er my pur- selves All honour to thOll8 who have pr.erved poee, for wben I wish cbiefly to give aid-namely, in a it to the nation beavy _-the firea would be extinguished." We con- Turn • back 't d 1 k 'tII tinued our conversations, and frequently reverted to . we now our . upo~ 1 ,an 00 on I tbe steam engine. The more I thougbt of the busiDesa n~Jghbour. ~81l this magndicent and perfect the more I became eatiafied of the propriety of applying p~ of machmery be a descendant of the Cl'Ilde the Bte81n engine, and in various converaa~ions urged it, engme we b~t now beheld! . Do they belong t4 as at least worthy of attention for inland navigatiOD, the same family! Even 80 It 11, though the mere rivera, CIIII&Ia, &c., if not for the purpoaeB of general model of the child is larger than the "parent navigation. • engine" itaelf, and coat in making eleven hunched

Mr. Miller W88 at last induced to conaider and seventy pounds I Nearly twelve hunched seriously Mr. Taylor's plan, and they went pounds for a mere mod~ '. ~ine it cIoasI~, together to Edinburgh, and applied to an opera- h~wever, and the conViction will come that it tive engineer, and took an estimate for a mtght well have coat more. Not a nut, not. small en~e, Mr. Taylor taking on bimaelf to aorew, is w~uting. It. is indeed the perfection of 888 that It _ conatmcted with the greateat model makmg, and 18 the work of Mr. JabeJ care. James, the engineer, the engines being designed,

The maker of the engine was William Syming- 88 is well known, by Mr. Scott RuaaelL About ton, " name well known, and much respected to the merita of the engines th8D1Belves there is still this day. He had JUBt invented a new kind of some diacuBBion as to whether they haft dons steam engine, for whillh he had taken letters all that was expected of them-but this is an patent, 88 "hia new invented Iteam engine, on open queation which we leave to be diacnJBBeCl by principles entirely new." Of this Mr. Taylor saw others. a model, with which he was much pleased, and ----------------he accordingly introduced both Symington and his model to Mr. Miller, who at once engaged him to plan an engine for his double boat. This he shortly accomplished, 81ld an engine was COD

structed (the outings being made by George Watt, founder, Edinburgh), and was mounted in a frame and p18ced on the deck of the boat. And now, after months of anxiety, the moment of triumph had arrived. The vessel moved delightfully, and although the cylindere were but four inches in diaIneter (those of the paddle-engines of the Great Eaatem are 74), it W88 propelled at the rUe of five miles an hour. That engine is the one now in the Muaeum of Patenlia. Ita identr'ty Jaaa been proved beyond the Bhadow of a doubt. It baa been traced from the po8B8BBion of Mr. Miller to that of his eldest son, who received it at his

• From Woodcrolt's Blatorior St..am N" ... iPtiOO,--

SEPTEMBER. TB. harvest moon stand. on 'he -.

Her golden rim'. adrip ; Sbe Iigbts the ~eavea on many a lea,

The sails on many a ship; Glitter, . sweet Queen, upon. tbe spray,

And slimmer on the heatber ; Rigbt fair tby rsy to gild the way

Where lovers walk togetber.

The red wheat metles, and ~e vinea Are purple to the foot,

And true-lot-e, waiting patient, wins Its bleaed time of fruit :

lAmp of al\ loven, Lady-moou, Light these ripe lips together

Which reap alone a harvest lOlli'll Long ere September weather.

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811ft. U. 1880.]

LAST WEEK.

TIIB HEGIRA OJ! THE BOUBJIONS. YOUNG Francia II. is gone at 1aat. When kings

:fly their first step is decisive. You oannot dally with a crown--c1utch the golden prize one minute, and let it fall from your trembling fiDgera the next. This 1aet of the Neapolitan Bonrbons, whilst we are writing, is at Gaeta: bnt it is moat probable when this number of ONCB ... WBmt is publiahed. that he will even have abandoned that stronghold, and be on his way to a Spanish port, or to the Court of Francis .Joseph, the ez officio Protector of amall Italian royalties. As BOOn as Garibaldi is fixed at Naples, whether he administera the country for a time aa Dictator, or whether he handa it over to the Sardinian King, really mattera not-the Neapolitan army and navy will adhere to the buon Btato, or new order of things. It is not likely that the Royal Runaway will suffer himself to be canght like a rat in a trap, or aa Gll BIas waa caught in the den of the famona Captain Rolando. Gaeta once invested by sea and by land, the situation of anyone member of the garrison, from the King to a gunner-boy, would be exceed· ingly precarious. Not that these are times whe;n fugitive Sovereigns have occaaion to fear for their lives, but no doubt Francis II., late of the Two Siciliea, now of Gaeta, would rather be spared the humiliation of a contemptuous dismiasal by his enemies. He baa given up his kingdom without atriking one good stroke in ita defence. Courage failed him not at the moment when he directed that the fair city of Palermo should be laid in aahes, even although the operation waa not called for on military grounda. He had courage enough when the Queen Mother and the camarilla urged him to continue the cruel ayatem of government which his father had canied out for BOme thirty years. He had courage enough to stop his ears to the groaDS and cries of the wretched political priaonera who were incarceratad in his dungeons. But he had no courage when BUmmoned to take the field, and meet the enemy of his name, and the people whom he and his father and grandfather had oppreaaed. .As Macaulay baa written-

He-be turns-be fli_ Shame 00 ~bose cruel eyes That bore to look on torture, But dare Dot look on war.

The best thing now for Italy, and for Europe, is that this 1aet of the Neapolitan Bourbons sbould be allowed to take his way quietly to the court of his Spanish cousin, who no doubt will give him a hiding-place. He is still one of the richest men inEurope.

LOUIS NAPOLBON'S ALPBNSTOCK. WIlA.T a lamentable story waa that one of those

poor Engliah travellera who fell over a precipice the other day aa they were crossing from the Montanvert to Cormayeur I Europe annually sends forth her thouaanda of travellera to the Swias mountains, and all things conaidered it is a

I wonder that BO few accidents occur. Every idle voluptuary of the European capital_very middleaged gentleman whose figure own8 the affronts of time. and betrays the eft'ecta of good _living, n:om

333

the moment he reaches Lucerne or Geneva con. ceives him.Ielf to be instantly converted into a Swiss mountaineer. Now the purchaae of Keller's map, of 'a little bag like a lady's reticule, to be slung round the shoulder, and of a long pole tipped with an elegant little chamois horn, can be eaaily eft'eoted ; but these poaaeaaiona, however valuable, will acarcely convert their fortuuate owner into a mountaineer. They will not give him the hard. neaa of limb, the enduring breath, the endurance of fatigue BO n~ for the man who would grapple with the clliIiculties of Swiss mountains aDd paaaes aa one to the manner born. Faint and weary, at the end of a very moderate day', excursion, you see the way·worn traveller who had left his inn with the rising BUn, BO light of heart and of foot, that by his aide the guides seemed but c111D18Y aDd incapable travellere, plodding back, and CUrling the honr when he exchanged the amenities of Pall Mall, or the Boulevards, for the stern realities of a stroll amongst the mountaina. A man does not become an efficient member of the Alpine Club by a mere act of volition. There are Swiaa dreams and Swiss realiti_under which head are we to range the aspirations and perform· &nC8B of the lAtest Swiss travellera, Louis Napoleon aud the fair Empreaa, whose graceful presence half exonaea the triumphs of her lord!

Louis Napoleon baa regularly commenced opera· tiona aa a Swisa excnraioniat. He baa bought an alpenstock, for which he baa paid aa a price the blood of thousanda of Frenchmen, and millions of French treasure. It is the custom of Swiaa Vavellera to cause the titles of their achievements to be bnrnt in upon these mountain-poles as recorda of their proweaa. Upon the alpeuatock of Louis Napoleon are now engraved these significant worda:

KOft CUlS. CRAJl01llf1L CRJ.BLAl8. PAVClGIIT. LAo n GBm ..

What next ! It waa not for nothing that, with the Empreaa Eugenie by his side, he went afloat the other day on the Lake of Geneva in that silken-galley which reminda the reader of Cleopatra's barge. For the name of the Egyptian Queen, read that of the French Empreaa, and the deacription may stand :

The barge she sst in, like a 'bumish'd throne, Bumt on the wa~r; the poop was beateD gold ; PlI1'ple tbe sails, and 80 perfumed tbat The winds were love-sick; with them the oars

were iiI ver ; Which to tbe tune of flutes kept stroke, and made Tbe wa~r, whilst they beat, 10 follow falter As amoroul oftheir strokes. Por ber own person It begpr'd all description; she did lie In her pavilion (cloth of gold, of tisane) O'erpioturing that Venus where we_ Tbe fancy outwork Nature. • • • • Prom the barlle A atran/te invisible perfume hit the IICDI8 Of tbe adjaceot wharfs.

All that the skill of French machinists and upholsterera could perform had been accomplished. and, on. the whole, it is probable that the ma-

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ONCE A WEEK.

chinista and uphoJaterera of Paris in oUl' day are win shortly be a meeting between the Ru.IBiaD superior to their predeoeao1'8 of Alexandria, when Emperor, the Prillce Regent of PruBBia, and the Mark Antony bartered empire for a kill. The Emperor of Austria at Wal'law •. We have _ apectacJe on the lake mUit have been IUperb;- the recent manifeBtatioDl of loyalty in Belgium to but if we are to attach credit to the account given the throne of King Leopold. Before the Britiah by an actual spectator of the acene, who was Parliament sepaJ'ILted., a heavy vote waa taken for present at Thonon when Louis Napoleon arrived , the defence of OUl' arsenals, and the country ia there fnlI of affability, the deecription in the play briBtliug with Vobmtee1'8 from Land's End to holds good,agai.D-: John·o'·Groat's House. It is really in consequenee

Antony, of the annexation of Nice, Savoy, and above all Eathron'd in the market·pIace, did llit alone, of these Swiall Cantons, which give to Louis Na.-WhiatliDg to the air. poleon the command over the Lake of Geneva,

When the Emperor had alighted at the H6tel and practically in the future of the right bank of de Ville of that remarkable town, Thonon, it the Rhine, that 8000 lba. of flour, 6000 lhe. of seems that he stepped out, fn1I of condescension, veal and ham, 500 lba. of butter, and 2000 eggs, upon a balcony with a roll of paper in his hand, were Uled up in making pieB for the Volnnteerl which in all probability contained the apeech I who were reviewed the other day in Knowaley which he had intended to deliver, but, alaa I a Park. By this single act of autocrncy planned crowd of liaten8l'8 was wanting. The Pref~t, or I' and carried out in defiance of the public law, aad Soua·Pref~t of Thonon-or whoever the.tage· public opinion of Europe, the French Emperor manapr might be-had not paraded the mob of baa deBtroyed all confidence in his own profeaiou, attached subjects; and yet one shonld have and in those which are made by his ministm thonght that loyalty might have been purchased I under his sanction. "I make war· for an idea," in Switzerland for a conBiderntion. The Conqueror said he, when he set ont upon his Italian cam· of Magenta and Solferino found himself in the I paign of last year, but the idea intended was not presence of a few spectato1'8, and sOme little boYI the one held forward to the world. but a little and girla,-the lole representatives upon this boating excumon upon the Lake of Geneva, after occaBion of the frantic desire for annexation to certain water.rights bad been secured. In some France. One might have lmiled to see the man fashion or other, the Napoleonic ideas do not_ who baa accomplished luch great things, softly to work to the advantage of those who are the alip the roll of paper fnll of Napoleonic ideas into subjects of them. Louis Napoleon had taken the his pocket, and quietly Blink back into the Hbtel Pope under his protection. We know how aoreIy de Ville. M. Ie SoUl·PrefAt must have passed but beset Pio Nono is at the present moment; but it an indift'erent quarter of an hoUl', when under leems that the French Emperor is resolved to clusion as to the absence of the loyal mob. All deBpise his calumniato1'8, and continues to protect this was pitifnl in the extreme; but it must be the Roman pontift' till the end. Here is what admitted, even by his mOlt determined antagoniBtl, Count Pemgny said the other day when laying that Louis Napoleon haa over· topped ridicule, the foundation stone of a church at Roanne. The morning of the 2nd of December waa the .. Ah! gentlemen, whilst I am about to lay the answer to the joking upon the Boulogne eagle; first stone of this church of our Lady 0/ YidorVl, and if his life is prolonged, there is much reason whose name is such a good augury, pray the to ISUppose that the French Emperor may find Almigbty to protect the Uoly Father-to preserve occaaion to addres8 a more important orowd in a I him from the dang8l'8 which beset him-the mod more notable f'wiaII town than was the case the to be dreaded of which are not the attacb of hill other day, when he appeared on the baloony of the armed enemies, for the sword of the Eldest Son Hbte1 de Ville at Thonon. of the Church, despising his calumniatoJ'll, con·

In truth, the apparition of that Bilken galley tinues to protect the august pe1'8on of the Pon~ npon the blue wate1'8 of the Lake of Geneva, waa , -and the venerated throne of the Holy See." an alarming spectacle enough, not only to the This ia a comment upon LouUl Napoleon's 0 ..

confederated Swi .. Cantons, but to E1l1'ope. Louis declarntion the other day, in which he recom· baa commenced a fresh game of Rouge at N oir, mended the Pope to resign his temporal dominion., and baa riIIked no inconsiderable stake upon the and give himself up to pl'8yer and meditation event. From the declaration made by the English within the walla of the Eternal City-aa it ia Premier, in answer to Mr. Kinglake, just before I ca1led-although the monumental ruins which it the close of the semon, aa well as from the contains are sadly suggestive of the instability of paragraph inserted in the speech of the English I human grandeur. Why Ihould the Papacy endure Queen when Parliament waa prorogned, it would, in Rome, when Rome itself is blotted. out from seem that this Swiss acquisition has colt him the I the map of the working.day world! confidence of English ltateBmen. I It i, impouible to deny that at the present mo-

We had already been told by Lord PaImerBton, i ment there is a general feeling of insecurity that in consequence of the masterful seizure of i throughout Europe, and this insecurity is in iUelf these Sm .. Cantons, in defiance of the obligations no Bmall evil, even if it should never ripen into of the public law of Europe. England had been I actual warfare. Weare all counting the forces of compelled to seek for more trustworthy alliancea ~ 0111' neighbou1'8, and manufacturing implements of elsewhere. The conference at Toplitz, and an in· I destruotion upon the mOlt BCientific principles, creased cordiality between the German Sovereigns, . not exactly for pUl'posea of harmlea pyrotechnie haa followed, It is now suggested that in pre· 'display. How is this! It wu not so twelve yean sence of a danger, supposed to be immInent, there : ago. Again, it has always ~d ainCllf the great

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1bIPr. 11, ueo.] LAST WEEK. 335

military Powers of the Continent receded from the 1 portion of them children. The night ..... very principles which nominally iDapired the Treatiea of dark. Twenfiy minutes afterwards a third and 1815, that sooner or later we must have a war of Bimilar train followed. Until the aecond ideas, or of nationalities, to UIIe the phrase of the train reached the He1mahore·atation all went professors in the acience of RevolutioJl8 made smoothly enough. They had glided up the incline Fasy. But at the preaent moment it is not a war whioh here is very steep. The train had been of ideas which we are all lookiug forward to, aa a brought to a atand-atill. The guard had just not very improbable contingency; but a simple, removed the breaks, and this waa tha death lignal .traightforward war of ambition upon the good to ten human beinp-to make no mention of old principles which moved Louis XIV. to thirty.eight persoJl8 who in a few moments were despatch Tureune into the Palatinate, or decided to be leverely wounded and mutilated. The the Firat Napoleon to lend Soult and Marmont coupling between the third and fourth oarriageB into Spain. For the moment, indeed, these pro· broke. The engine remained with three oarriageB jeota are wrapped up in the mystic verbiage of atta/lhed. For the remaining fifteen carriages in

, the Second Empire. The SOUB·Pref6t of Thonon the train there waa a jerk and a backward reo II oaJls Louis Napoleon nothing less than the Apostle bound, and then the fifteen carriages began. to

" I of European Emancipation. move slowly in the direction of Manchester. At

Another of his acolytes styles him Aladdin, and this moment, the third train which had been tens us that his wonderful lamp is. his perfect despatched from Manchester wall slowly paasing

I simplioity of oharacter. Why not dub him Ali up the incline freighted with hundreds of human

I Baba at once, and explain to us that the phrase heinp-mainly children_ in the aecond train. I, of" L'Empire e'e,t la paiz" baa beep. the .. open The night, aa we have said, waa dark; the incline

-.ne " by help of which he baa marched from was steep; the seene of the tragedy, now immi· conquest to conquest t There is reason enough nent, waa a cutting, and the cutting formed a for anxiety in all this. There is a cloud bigger curve. One traiu was gliding uP. the other was than a man'l hand upon the horizon. A lOund gliding down. There were lOme twelve hundred understanding between England and Franoe-one persOJl8 on whom might the Lord have mercyis siok of the term co 4!1Itente cordiale "-waa the for when one minute only removed from death they

, snrest guarantee for the peace of the world_d could scaroely be nearer it than they were in the

I this no longer exists. This is a lamentable but Helmahore cutting on that night of the 3rd of :, a true couclusion, and therefore we cannot rejoice September-now just puaed.

at the accounts we receive of the Imperial progress The carriages which had been released aa in Switzerland. Upon this point the SwiaB them· described, moved back slowly enough for about four selves feel alarm, which is natural enough, and are hundred yards-that is, IOmething under a quarter under considerable apprehension that freIh names of a mile-down the incline. The third train waa will soon be added to the list of achievements asoending it, and upon the &&me Bet of raila, at the engraved upon the Alpen atalf of this formidable rate of IOmething between ten and fifteen miles excursionist. Louis Napoleon spent his youth in an hour. Some one at the atation had detBOhed

I, Switzerland, and in early manhood waa an Italian the engine of the aeoond train from the carriages, carbonaro. It was in th_ two countries he must had moved it on another let of rails, and was first have felt the impulaes of ambition. What proceeding back aa quickly aa he conld in the tenacity of purpose there is about the man I direction of Manchester, 10 aa to give warning to

THB BKLMSBORB TRAGEDY. the driver of the third train. But it waa too late I IT baa been said that more persons are killed The third train waa too near, and before the engine

and injured in London, every year, by accidente of the aeoond train had reached the spot where the r.ulting from the negligence or misfortune of two trains were fated to come into collision, the drivers, than upon the various lines of railway in oolliaion had occurred. Then the IICl'e&ID.8 and the kingdom, in oonsequence of colliaion, explo. groans of the sufferers might have been heard. lion, and the various chances of the iron way. The Ten persona were killed upon the spot, and others

I terrible busin_ whioh occurred at Helmahore, were lying about in almost every form and variety

I near Mauohester, on MODday, the 3rd of the pre- of IUftering to which the human frame can be

'J' sent month, must have gone fu to fetch up the ,exposed. The limbs of lOme were broken; others

averages agaiJl8t the railroads. Some 2500 I had been wounded by the fragments and .p1intera I pIeaaure-aeelr.ers had oome to Manohester for of the ahattered oarriagea; others were lying " the day, in order to IIIIiat at lOme festivity which ! oppressed with great weights. It is needless to I ..... then in hand. They were hard.workiug: dwell upon this agonising .cene-the mischief had I artiaanB, luch aa we find in the manufacturing I been done. Nor is this the first time that IUch a 'I districts, and their families. All went well on the oalamity haa occurred.

I jonrney to Manohester. They had their day's: On the 23rd of August, 1858, a tragedy pre·

II pl~; it waa to be tbe last, too, to many of ,ciaely similar happened between Worcester and their number. Well on in the night-it ..... about ~ W olverhampton. Two trains full of excursionists 11 p.M.-the exouraionilta flocked back to the. were started with an interval of leventeenminutes station to be reoonveyed to their respective homes. I between them. Then, aa at Helmahore, the other

1'1 There were to be three trains choked full of day, the first train stopped at a Btation upon an

paaaengera. One got away, and aa it glided to its . inoline. Then, aa at He1mshore, the coupling be· journey'. end in safety, we may dismiss it from ' tween two of the carriages in the first train broke.

II our thoughts. The aecond train started-there Then eighteen oarriages-.o&a at Helmshore. fifteen

: were eighteen oarriageB full of people, a large pro- , -began. to deacend the incljae, slowly1at first, but


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{&.ft. II. ~ Ii! 336 ONCE A WEEK.

gathered velocity .. they went. Then,.. at Helm.ahore, in a few minutes there w .. a colliaion between the advancing, and the receding train., and many' people lost their lives -mauy were bruised and mutilated for life, and there " .. great dering. All this arotI8 from a defective coupling. H reliance cannot be placed upon iron, and upon the testII which are employed to aacertain if it be still trustworthy, lOme precaution should be taken at every station, aituated upon &D incline, to prevent the poeaibility of the rectlrrence of any eimila'r accidenta. True, they may ouly occur once in two yeai'll; but when the tragedy happens it is 10 terrible, and sweeping in ita operation, that it should be prevented at &Dy coat. Surely the ingenuity which invented railroads can be tasked 80 .. to secure the safety of the pa.eng81'11 who travel upon them.

THE SEA AND THE JIARI1Q: AllTS. Tm: Great Eastem is proved to be a mechanical

ancceas, but poeaibly a commercial failure. With the deatrnction of the Red Sea Telepph it may be said that up till the present time the oceanic cables have not proved trustworthy. Finally, we

. are informed upon very su1licient authority that the French iron.plated ship La Gloire, which baa been announced to the world as a practical error, baa, in point of fact, upon all material pointa, anrpaeaed the expectation of hep builders. The reault of these three great experimenta we have yet to learn.

With regard to the Great Eastem, it is now proved beyond all doubt that the ocean can be navigated in these huge shipe not only with perfect safety, but in far greater comfort than in vesaela of smaller size. In port, or out of port, the Great Eastem h .. done and withstood all that could be expected from any fabric built by humau handa. Her performances in the gale at Holyhead Harbour showed that, no matter" how tePrible might be the fury of the elements, ahe could be held to her anchol'll and moorings. In bei various tripe round the co .. ts of England she baa been exposed to very severe weather, and no vesael could have behaved better. Now that the experiment baa been extended, and this huge ahip haa twice eft"ected the paaaage of the Atlantic in safety, sufficient baa been done to show that Mr. BruneI W8I

right in his mechauical calculations, aud that, .. far aa speed and safety are concemed, bulk and volume are not disadvantages to a sea-going ship. The .question of whether or no it is more profitable to employ one larger vessel instead of four or six smaller ones for the transport of goods remains purely one for commercial men. It must be decided with reference to the economy of fuel. to the time occupied in loading and unloading, to the power of concentrating merchandise at a given moment at a given spot in sufficient abundance to freight so huge a ship. Theae, however, are calculations which fall within the uaua1 domain of mercantile forethought, and it will loon be aacer· tamed whether it is more profitable to build shipe like the Great Eastem, or to adhere to the more ordinary dimensions and lines which our lhip-buildel'll have been in the habit of employing hitherto.

Of the Ocean Teleppha, on the other hand,

we are oompeUed to speak as failures. Europe :I and America were indeed linked together by the I' electric chain for a moment, &Dd in theiP oonfuion I and sUPprise stammered out a few 18IUJ'&I1888 of amity and good wilL This" .. DO mean triumph I" for our race. We compelled the lightning to speak I I English. Franklin had drawn it down frum , heaven, but we sent it to lChooL The triumph, however, was .. short-lived .. it W8I glorioUl. The Atlantic refused to contain the chain with which the Old and the New World were bound together. After mauy an auxious trial we were forced to acknowledge onl'llelvell beaten for the I; moment, although the pePlect IUC_ of the uperi. I ment can only be a question of time. The mm ' important point of the great attempt baa received I a luccesafullOlution. The electric power generated by humau handa can be propelled, or can propel itself. acroee the Atlantio. H so, there _ no limiG to what can be aooompliahed when more perfect machines are oontrived, and brought into play. AU that is now wanted aeema to be a better protection for the wire, to enable" it to resist the rubs and rough uoge to which it is exposed at the bottom of the _. The Atlantio cable is goneand now we hear that of the wire which had been laid down in the Red Sea there is alIO an end. The wash of the water npon the cora1.reefa, whieil I

in this section of the great _ are sharp .. ruon, is the probable cause of the calamity. Whatever the explanation may be, it D positive tbU not much communication by oceatl telegraph remains. Certainly the difficulties will be overcome in the long run; but .. yet, the history of marine teleppha baa been, comparatively speaking, • history of failure.

The third greail ocean experiment remains. n what we hear of this new French war.ship be true, all the modem vesaela in the Engliah Da-.y are of little further use than .. transpora AI fap .. speed goes, it haa been found that La Gloire, I

can acOompliah her thirteen or thirteen and a half knota,-no bad rate of progress for a ship of war. 1\'e are told that all the atories which we !lave heard, to the eft"ect tbat when there is &Dy lie&, her lower·port guns cannot be uaed, are mere fabric&tiona, intended to mislead the publio opwon of Europe. The iron sides of the v~ have been anbjected to the most crucial experiment., in order to teat their power of resistance to projectiles; and, it is said, the desired en.d baa been acoom. I

plished. The IcreW and rudder are 10 placed .. to , be safe from almost any poaaible contingency of warfare. There is neither msat nor rigging. nor IIJIIII' shown. La Gloire is merely an iron hull upon the water-impervioUl to shot-of the same build £ore and aft, 10 that Ihe can be moved either way without turning ;-protected by an iron-roofing from the efforts of boardel'll, and with certain contrivances for the expulsion of the smoke, 10 that the men, when in action, should not be blinded and choked like I

the gunnel'll in a casemate battary. The veaeJ. is said to carry, or to be capable of carrying, thirty-six or thirty. seven guns of the moat foPmidable kind I which modem science baa produced.

If these results are true, we have no lees a taak II":'

before us than the entirere.building of the Engtish

navy 1 Goo<Jle" Digitized by 0 JI

s.-r. It, 18aO.] EVAN HARJUNGTON; 08, BE WOULD BE A GENTLEMAN. 337

EVAN HARRINGTON; OR, HE WOULD BE A GENTLEMAN. BY GJIOJlGK IOIUD>lTB.

ClUPTBR XLII. .Jt1LlAN.l.

THE aick night.light burned steadily in Jnliana's chamber. On a couch, beside her bed, Caroline Jay aleeping, tired with a long watch. Two sentences had been paaaed on Juliana: one on her hean: one on her body: • Thou art not loved' and, • Thou mws1; die.' The frail paaaion of her atruggle against destiny was over with her. Quiet aa that quiet Nature was taking her to. her body repoeed. Calm as the solitary night·light befure her open eyea, her apirit was wasting away. • If I am not loved, then let me die ! ' In such a lenle she bowed to her fate.

At an hour like this, watching the round of light on the ceiling. with ita narrowing inner ringe, a aufferer from whom pain haa fled, looks back to the shores she is leaving. and would be well with them who walk there. It is false to imagine that echemers and workers in the dark are destitute of the saving gift of conscience. They have

it. and it is perhaps made livelier in them than with easy people; and therefore, they are imperatively spurred to hoodwink it. Hence, their self·seclusion ia deep, and endures. They march to their object. and gaining or loaing it, the voice that calls to them is the voice of a blind creature, whom any answer, provided that the answer is ready, will silence. And at an hour like this. when finally they snatch their minute of sight on the threshold of black night, their souls may compare with yonder shining circle on the ceiling, which, aa the light below gasps for air, contracts, and extends but to mingle with the darkness. They would be nobler, better, boundlessly good to all ;to those who have injured them ;-to thOlle whom they have injured. Alas! for any defiuite deed the limit of their circle is immoveable, and they must act within it. The trick they have played the~lvea imprisons them. ond it, they cease to be. Digitized by og 1 e

838 ONCE A WEEK. [BUT. 22, 18110.

Lying in this utter stillness, Juliana thought of Rose; of Aer beloved by Evan. The fever that had left her blood, had left it stagnant, and her thoughta were quite emotionlesa. She looked faintly on a far picture. She eaw Rose blooming with pleaI1U'CII in Elburne House, sliding 811 a boat bome by the river's tide to sea, away from her living joy. The breast of Rose w8lllucid to her, and in that hour of insight ebe had clear knowledge of her cousin'. heart; how it scoffed at ita hue love, and unwittingly betrayed the power on her still, by clinging to the world and what it would give her to fill the void; how extemally the lake W811

untroubled, and a mirror to the puaing day; and how within there presaed a flood against an iron dam. Evan, too, she saw. The Countess W811 right in her judgment of Juliana's love. Juliana looked very little to his qualities. She loved him when she thought him guilty, which made her conceive that her love W8II of a diviner cast than Rose W811 capable of. Guilt did not epoil his beauty to her; his gentlenesa and glowing manhood were unchanged; and when ehe knew him 811 he W8II, the revelation of his high nature simply confirmed her impresaion of his physical perfectiona. She had done him a wrong; at her death news would come to him, and it might be that he would bleu her name. Because ebe sighed no longer for those dear lips and strong arms to close about her tremulous frame, it seemed to her that she had quite 8lU'rendered him. Generous to Evan, ebe would be just to Rose. Beneath her pillow ebe fouud pencil and paper, and with difficulty, scarce seeing her letters in the brown light, ebe began to trace lines of farewell to Roae. Her couscience dictated to her thus, ,. Tell Rose that ahe W811 too ready to accept his guilt; and that in this as in all thiugs, she acted with the precipitation of her character. Tell her that you always tl'll8ted, and that now you know him innocent. Give her the proofs you have. Show that he did it to shield his intrigningsiBter. Tell her that you write this only to make her just to' him. End with a

-llrayer that Rose may be happy." Ere Juliana had finished one sentence. ebe re

signed the pencil W 811 it not much, even at the gates of death to be the instrument to send Rose into his arms? The picture swayed before her, helping her weak.neBB. She found herself dreaming that he had kill8ed her once. Dorothy, ebe remembered, had danced up to her one day. to relate what the maids of the house eaid of the gentlemen -(at whom, it is known, they look with the licence of cats towards kings); and Dorothy'. fresh, careleu mouth had told how one observant maid, amorously minded, proclaimed of Evan, to a companion of her 1IeX, that .. he W811 the only gentleman who gave you an idea of how he would look when he W811 killing you. " Juliana cherished that visiou likewise. Y oong ladies are not mpposed to do 80, if menial maids are; but Juliana did cherish it, and it po88e88ed her fancy. Bear in your recollection that she W8II not a healthy person. Diseased little heroines may be made attractive, and are now popular; but strip off the cleverly woven robe which is f8llhioned to cover them, and you will find them, in certain m&cttera, bearing a resemblance to menial maids.

While the thoughts of his kill lasted, she could do nothing; but lay with her two handa out 011

the bed, and her eyelids closed. Then waking, ebe took the pencil again. It would not move: her bloodlesa fingers fell from it .

.. If they do not meet, and he never marne., I may claim him in the next world," ebe mused.

But conscience continued uneasy. She turned her wrist and trailed a letter from beneath the pillow. It WI&II from Mrs. Shome. Juliana knew the contents. She raised it unopened 811 high .. her faltering hands permitted, and read like one whose ebut eyes read syllables of fire on the darkneaa.

.. Rose hu at last definitively engaged henelf to Ferdinand, you will be glad to hear, and 1r!

may now treat her 811 a woman. to

Having absorbed these worda, Juliana's haDd found streugth to write with little difficulty, what ahe had to say to Rose. She conceived it to be neither Bublime nor generous: not even good ; merely her peculiar duty. When it W811 done, abe gave a long, low sigh of relief.

Caroline whispered, "Dearest child, are )'011 awake!"

.. Yea." Bhe anllwered. "Sorrowful, dear?" " Very quiet." Caroline reached her hand over to her, and felt

the paper. .. What is this ?" "My good-bye to Roae. I want it folded now." Caroline slipped from the couch to ful6l her

wish. She enclosed the pencilled scrap of psper, sealed it, and asked, .. Ia that right! "

.. Now unlock my desk," Juliana uttered feebly. "Put it beside a letter addressed til a law-gentleman. Post both the morning I lIB

gone." Caroline promised to obey, and coming to Juli

ana to mark her looks, observed & faint p18lllled smile dying away, and had her hand gently squeezed. Juliana'B conBcience had preceded her contentedly to its lut sleep; and ebe, beneadt that round of light on the ceiling, drew on her counted breaths in peace till dawn.

CBAl'TEit XLlII. ROSE.

HA. VE you Been a young audacious spirit smitten to the earth! It is a Bingular study; and. in the case of young womeu, a trap for inexperienced men. Rose, who had commanded and managed every one BUrrounding her aince infancy. h01r humble had ebe now become I-how much maze womanly in appearance, and more child-like» heart I She W811 811 wax in Lady Elbume'B banda. A hint of that veiled episode, the Beckley cam· paign, made Rose pliant, ae if ebe had woven for herself a rod of scorpiona. The high ground she had taken; the perfect trust in one; the acom of any judgment, eave her own ;-these had vaniehed from her. Rose, the tamelesa heroine who had once put her mother'B philosophy in action, W811 the easiest filly that turbaned matron ever yet drove into the straight road of the world. It even surpriaed Lady Jocelyn to see how wonderfully ebe had been broken in by her gra~l(l~~her. lIer ladyship wrote to Dm~zWi ~~teand Drum-

SD"l'. It, JR60.] EVAN HARRINGTON; 011, HE WOULD BE A GENTLEMAN. 339

mond congratulated her, saying, however:- i thing incontestably tme in the final protestations "Changes of this IOrt don't come of conviction. I of the dead. Evan gniltless' abe could not quite W &it till you see her at home. I think they I take the meaning this revelation involved. That have been sticking pins into the lOre part." which had been dead was beginning to move

Drummond knew Role well. In reality there ' within her; but blindly: and now it atirred and was no change in her. She was only a suppliant I troubled; now Bank. Guiltleaa!-all abe had ,to be apared from ridicule: apared from the ap· , thought him' Oh' abe k.new abe could not have plication of the scourge abe had woven for' been deceived. But why, why had he hidden his hereeJf. sacrifice from her!

And, ah' to one who deigned to think warmly .. It ia better for ua both, of courae," said Rose, still of auch a disgraced ailly creature, with what apeaking the world'a wiadom, parrot-like, and gratitude abe turned, He might well suppoae bunting into teara the next minute. Guiltless, and .love alone could pour that profuaion of jewels at gloriously guiltless' but nothing- nothing to hiaf~~ her I

Ferdinand, now Lord Laxley, underatood the She tried to blame him. It would not do. She merita of his finger-naila better than the nature of tried to think of that grovelling loathaome poaiyoung women; but he ia not to be blamed for pre- tion abe had had painted to her by Lady Elburne's suming that Role had learnt to adore him. Elae graphic hand. Evan diaperaed the gloomy shades why did abe like his company 80 much? He was like sunahine. Then in a IOrt of terror she Dot miataken in thinking abe looked up to rejoiced to think abe was partially engaged to him. She _ed to beg to be taken into his noble Ferdinand, and found herself orying again with serenity. In truth, abe sighed to feel aa he did, exultation, that he had not kiaaed her: for a kiaa above everybody - abe that hath fallen so low! on her mouth waa to Rose a pledge and a bond. Above everybody I-born above them, and there- The atrnggle searched her through: bared her fore superior by grace divine! To this Rose weakness, probed her strength: and ahe, _ing Jocelyn had come-ahe envied the mind of Fer-I herself, suffered grievously in her aelf-Iove. Am I dinand! such a coward, inconstant, cold? she aaked. Con-

Re, you may be aure, was quite prepared to ' firmatory answers coming flung her back under accept her homage. Roae he had always known ' the shield of Ferdinand: if, for a moment, her soul to be jut the girl for him; spirited, fresh, and stood up armed and defiant, it was Evan's hand with fine teeth; and once tied to you safe to be abe took. staunch. They walked together, rode together, To whom do I belong! waa another terrible clanoed together. Her soft humility touohed him question. To her ideas, if Evan was not chargeto eloquence. Say abe was a little hypocrite, if you able with that baaeneaa which had nndered. them, like, when the blood oame to her cheeka under hia.. he might claim her yet, if he would. If he did, eyea. Say abe was a heartleaa minx for allowing what then! Muat she go to him ! it to be bruited that ahe and Ferdinand were be- Impoaaible: abe waa in chains. Beaidee, what trothed. I can but tell you that her bluabee were a din of laughter there would be to 1180 her led blushes of gratitude to one who could devote his away by him I Twiating her joined handa: time to mch a diagraced ailly oreature, and that weeving for her couain, aa she thought, Rose abe. in her abject .tate, felt aO aecret pleasure in paaaed hours of torment over Juliana's legacy to the protection Ferdinand'a name appeared to her. extend over her: and waa hardly willing to .. Why did I doubt him?" she oried, jealoua 1088 it. that any lOul should have known and truated

So far Lady Elhnme'. tact and diacipline had him better. Jealoua: and I am afraid that the been highly sucoeaafuL One morning, in May, kindling of that one feature of love relighted the Ferdinand, atrolling with Roae down the garden, fire 01 her paasion thua fervidly. To be outmade a poaitive appeal to her common aenae and stripped in generosity was hateful to her. Rose, friendly feeling; by which ahe undentood that he naturally, could not reftect that a young creature wanted her consent to his marriage with her. like herself, fighting against the world, as we call

ROlle answered: it, baa all her faculties at the utmoat atretch, and .. Who would have me ! " ia often betrayed by failing nature when the will Ferdinand spoke pretty well, and ultimately got ia atill valiant. ~on of her hand. She let him keep it, And here abe sat-in chaine I .. Yee ! I am thinking him noble for forgetting that another fit only to be the wife of an idle brainless man, had preaaed it before him. with money and a title," abe said, in extreme 881f-

Some minutes lateJ: the latters were delivered. contempt. She oaught a glimpse of her whole One of them contained Juliana'. dark-winged life in the horrid tomb of his embrace, and quesmissive. tiODII whether abe could yield her hand to him-

.. Poor, poor Julcy I" said Rose, dropping her whether it was right in the eyee of Heaven, ruahed head, after reading all that was on the crumpled I impetuously to console her, and defied anything leaf with an inftexible face. And then. talking on, in the shape of satiafactory affirmations. Never-10Dg low aigha lifted her bosom at intervala. She theleaa, the end of the atrnggle was, that abe felt gazed from time to time with a wiatful conoiliatory that abe waa bound to Ferdinand. air on Ferdinand. Ruahing to her chamber, the .. But thi. I will do," said Rose, atanding with Jim cry her soul framed waa: .. He did not kiaa heat-bright eyes and d~p-ooloured cheeh before me I " the gla88. .. I will clear his character at Beckley.

The young have a superetitioua aenae of 80me- I will help him. 1, ,will blPhis . fld. 1 will Digitized by \..::tU H:::

ONCE A WEEE.

wipe out the injuatice I did him." And this : Juliana'a name, attested, under due legal forms, bride-el8Ct uf a lord abeolute1y added that--ehe being in exiatenC8. None of the membel'll of the waa unwonhy to be the wife of a tailor I I family imagined that at Beckley Court they 'Were

" He I how unequalled he ia I There ia nothing I then reaiding on aomebody elee'. ground. he fears except abam.. Oh, how sad it will be Want of hoapitable aentimente waa not • I

for him to find no woman in hie c1aaa to under· cauae that led to an intimation from Sir Franka to stand him and be hie helpmate I" I hie wife, that Mm. Strike must not be prMI8Cl to

Over this sad subject, of which we must preaume I remain, and that RoBe must not be permitted to her to be accurately copiaant, Rose brooded I have her own way in this. Knowing very well heavily. By mid.day ahe gave her grandmother: that Mrs. Shorne spoke through her husband's notice that ahe was going home to Juliana'll' mouth, Lady Jocelyn atill acquiesced, and RGe, I

funeral who had p~d Caroline pnblicly, had to be Iilen' " Well, Rose, if you think it neoeaary to join I when the latter renewed her faint objectiona: 80

the ceremony," said Lady Elburne. "Beckley ia I Caroline said ahe would leave on the IDOlTOW'

bad quartera for you, aa you have learnt. There morning. I

waa never much love between you cowdu. II II Juliana, with her fretfuln .... her hand·bounti-, .. No, and I don't pretend to it, II ROIl anawered. her petty egotiam., and ludden far.leaping gene-

"I am lOrry JlOor Juley's gone." roaitiea, and all the contradictory impulaa of her "She'. better gone for many reaaou.-ehe ap-I malady, had now departed utterly. The joys of

peal'll to have betcon a little venomoUB toad," &aid a landed proprietor mounted into the head of Sir Lady Elburne; and Rose, thinking of a enake·like Franka. Be waa up early the next morning, and death·bite working throngh her blood, rejoined: I he and Harry walked over a good bit of the "Yea-ahe ian't to be pitied: ahe's better off than ground before breakfast. Sir Franke meditated moat people." making it entail, and favou1'ed Barry with a lee-

So it was arranged that RoBe ahould go. Ferdi- ture on the duty of hia ahaping the courae of hie nand and her aunt, Mrs. Shorne, accompanied her. conduct at once after the model of the landed Mrs. Shorne gave them their opportunities, albeit gentry generally. they were all stowed together in a carriage, and .. And you may think youme1f lucky to come Ferdinand seemed willing to profit by them; but into that catalogue-the IOn of a younger eon!" Rose'. hand waa dead, and abe aat by her future said Sir Frauks, tapping Mr. Harry's shoulder. lord forming the vow on her lips that they should Harry &lao began to enjoy the look and smell of never be touched by him. land. At tbe breakfaat wbich, though early, WIllI

Arrived at Beckley, she, to her great delight, well attended, Harry lpoke of the adviaabilliy of found Caroline there, waiting for the funeral. In fe1ling t.imber here, plautingthere, and sofoJth, aAar a few minutes she got her alone, and after ki-. the model hia father had held up. Sir Fraab looked penetratingly into her lovely eyes, shook nodded approval of hie intereat in the estate, her head, and laid: II Why were you falae to me '" but reserved hie opinion on matters of detail.

"Falae '" echoed Caroline. "All I beg of you ia," said Lady Jocelyn, .. You knew him. You knew why he did that. .. that you won't lOW turnips within the circuit

Why did you not save me 1" of a mile;" which was obligingly promiaed. Caroline fell upon her neck, asking pardon. The morning letters were delivered and opened

Roae sll&red her the recital of facts funber than with the customary calmness. the broad avowal. Evan's present oonnition she .. Letter from old George. II Harry Binga out, and plainly stated: and Rose, when the bitter pangs buzzea over a few lines. .. Halloa !-hum !" Be had oeaaed, made oath to her aoul Ihe would waa going to make a communication, but catching reacue bim from it. sight of Caroline, toaaed the letter over to Ferdi-

In addition to the task of clearing Evan'a cha- nand. who read it and toaaed it back with the comracter, and rescuing him, Roae now conceived that ment of a oarel8118 face. her engagement to Ferdinand must stand ice- .. Read it, Roaey ? " aays Harry, smiling bound till Evan had given her back her troth. bluntly. How coul.\ sbe obtain it from him' How could Rather to hia surpriae. Rose took the letter_ she take anything from one 80 noble and 80 poor! Study her eyes if you wiah to gauge the potency of Happily there was no hurry; though, before anyone strong doee of ridicule on an ingenuoUB young bond waa ratified, abe decided conacientiouBly that heart. She read that Mr. GeoTge Uploft had met it muat be done. .. our friend, Mr. Snip" riding, by moonlight,

You see that likA a lithe make sbe turns on on the road to Beckley. That great orbed herself, and must be tracked in and out. Nut night of their deep tender love flaahed luminously being a girl to aolve the problem with tears, or through her frame, storming at the base epithet outright perfidy, sbe had to ease her heart to the by which her lover waa mentioned, flooding grandly great shock little by little: sincere aa far as ahe over the iguominies caat on him by the world. knew: as far as one who loves may be. She met the worM, as it were, in a death.grapple; I

The day of the funeral came and went. Tbe she matched the livinl{ heroic youth ahe felt him Joce\yns were of their motber's opinion; tbat for to be with that dead wooden image of him which many reasons Juliana was better out of the way. it thrust hefore her. Her hean stood up singing MI'8. Bouner's bequeat had been a severe blow to like a craven who aees the tide of victory setting ~ir Frankl!. H"wever, all was now well. The towarda him. But thia passed beneath her eyeestate naturallylapaed to Lady Jocelyn. No one lids. When her eyea were lifted, Ferdinand could in the houae dreamed of a Will, signed with have discovered nothing in tlrem to ~-plain. of,

L Digitized by L:tOog u:

------ -"--

WFBrWARD HO! 341

had his ItlIpioions been light to mae: nor could shield her from considerations of that kind. She Mrs. Shome perceive that there was the opening liatened to him, understanding him well Perhaps for a shrewd bodkin·thrust. Roae had got a mask I -for he was coaxing soft under evening inftuencell at last: her colour, voioe, expreuion, were per- I -the fatal kill! might then have been given, but fectly at command. She knew it to be a' he, bending hill head to her just as the moon cowardice to wear any mask: but ahe had been Blipped over an edge of cloud, the tides of an old burnt, horribly burnt: how much BO you may emotion began to roll in ller boeom, and, by a guess from the supple diesimulatiou of Buoh a bold sudden turn of the head, ahe received his lips on clear-visaged girl She conquered the sneers of the the IIhield of her oheek. Love saw the danger. To world in her soul: but her sensitive IIkin was yet I Ferdinand'lI amazement and disgust, Roae grasped &ive to the p&IIgs of the IIOOl'Ching it had been IIUb- hill hand, and in her frankest voice wished him jected to when weak. hclpleas, and betrayed by good.night. Evan, ahe stood with no philosophio parent to (2'0" ........ ) err fair play for her, among the llkilful torturers of Elbume House. WESTWARD HO I

Sir Frankll had risen and walked to the window. A BtJ8TLB at the basin communicating with the

.. News!" said Lady Jocelyn, wheeling round river, the cheery ories of toiling seamen, the in her chair. metallio clank of the revolving oapstan, and 00e&-

The one eyebrow up of the easy.going baronet I sional brief stern words of command, announoing signified trouble of mind. Be finished hill third I some event of interest, I hastened to join the peruaal of a letter that appeared to be written in a crowd of ourious spectators. remarkably plain legal hand, and looking as men The Albatross was about to take wing for a do when their intelligences are just equal to the Transatlantio port, freighted, not with the textile comprehension or expression of an oath, handed llkill of Manchester, or lIuhtle strength of Sheffield, the letter to hill wife, and observed that he IIhould ' but with hundreds of precious human souls whom be found in the library. Nevertheleas, he waited fair, but unhappy Ireland, could no longer feed or first to mark its effect on Lady Jooelyn. At one ahel~utoaata from the Ark urging their reIucpart of the document her forehead wrinkled taut flight acroBII the heaving waters in quest of slightly. BOme emergent Ararat ;-poor unfledged nestlings,

.. Doesn't sound like a joke!" he said. remoraeleealy turned out into the pitileas weather She answered: by the parent bird to llhift for themselves_cant .. No. II of feather, inexperienced, apprehensive and Sir Frankll, apparently quite satisfied by her forlorn I

ready l'e8poJl88, turned on hill heel and left the Yet strangers to each other, but united by the room quickly. tie of a common misfortune and equally dim

An hour afterwards it was mmoured and con- future, they clustered together on the littered firmed that Juliana Bonner had willed all the deck, regarding with vacant wonder the busy worldly property ahe held in her own right, com- seamen, whom they ignorantly persisted in obpriaing Beckley Court, to Mr. Evan Harrington, of atructing; liatening apathetically to their remonLymport, tailor. An abstract of the will was atrances, looking vaguely on the scenes about to forwarded. The lawyer went on to Bay, that he pUll away for ever; their thonghts meanwhile had conformed to the desire of the testatrix in being far distant in the hovel of their birth, and communicating the existence of the aforesaid with the desolate loved ones. will six days subsequent to ller death, being the Partings there were few; moat of the adven-day after her funeral. turers had already past through that ordeal: what

There had been railing and jeering at the grief there might be was Bubdued-manifested ConnteP de Saldar, the clever outwitted ex-j chiefly by a dejected silence, by the oooaaional peaed adventuress in Elburne House and Beckley utterance of an involuntary "Wirra I" or by a Court. What did the crowing cleverer ariatocrate I heavy sigh from some Bad-eyed woman. There think of her now? I were none of the tearful farewella-the convulsive

On Rose the blow fell bitterly. Was Evan also ' embraces of BUppreeaed emotion, or unrestrained a foul schemer? W &8 he of a piece with hill I wailings of feeble self·abandonment, BO painful to intriguing sister! Bis close kinship with the , the accidental spectator. Some few of more buoyCountess had led her to think baaeneas poeaible to : ant temperament had merged regrets in cheerful him when it was confeaaed by hill own mouth ' anticipationB, or had become oblivious of the lIad once_ She heard black names oast at him and the I past and uncertain future in contemplating the whole of the great Mel's brood, and incapable of I novelty of the immediate present, and had a light quite disbelieving them merited, unable to chal· jest and easy smile at anyone'. lIervice. Occa· 1enge and rebut them, ahe dropped into her recent sionally one might be descried who had BOught a state of self· contempt : into her lately. instilled I temporary Lethe in the bottle, but these were doubt whether it really was in Nature·1I power, exceptional cases; poverty enforcing temperance unaided "by family· portraits, coats·of.arms, ball- where perchance principle or pmdence might not room practice, and at least one ama1l phial of have restrained. F.ence of Society, to make a Gentleman. At length, freed from restraint, the AlbatrollB

That evening Ferdinand had another chance. Blowly glided into the turbid river, the fluttering He begged. her not to be upset by the family mis- topsails were sheeted home, while the musical fortune, asauring her that hill own pOIIition would ripple round the p.l'9W direclftiil.lleA'NI\:>told that

DI911IZ8dbi GVV(5 L"-

-_ ..... 34:2 ONCE A WEEK.

the voyage had oommenced, and the former world had past away. A pause of silent auspense ensued, into which was oompressed an infinity of tremulous thought, while the emigrants wistfully regarded the receding shore; then, a kindly cheer of farewell arose from the aympathising apeotatora, whereto, catching at the pretaxt to relieve their overburtbened bosoms, they responded by a ahout, meant to expreu defiant resolution, but aubsiding into a dolorous wail. Thus they departed to the promised land.

When the laat rope linking the veasel to the English shore had been caat off, ahe virtually ceased to beloug to our world otherwise than in vision, and waa aa disconnected from DB in reality as though oceans rolled between. When ahe vanished in the haze with her precious freight, ahe passed from the material present into a region of ahadow whereon the mind apeculates painfully. What fortunes may betide those ocean wanderel'8, and will they ever emerge again from that lower world?

Let Fancy accompany the exiles on their voyage to that western land whither they hasten, diaoOIl

tented with the present, and perchance too confident in the future.

While those of the ruder sex are disconsolately eyeing the receding shore, the aaaociates of their fortunes are below arranging for their comfort. The darknesa of that nether Hades - whence exhale so many Bighs-is dimly lighted by occaai· onallanterna. aullenly swinging from the beams, aa if to measure the houl'8 of imprisonment, like the pendulum oscillating by a oouch of anguish.

I The atmosphere is murky, thiok, and redolent of bilge water and other marine odoul'8, that seem the proper emanation of those sickly flames, with

'out the aid of whioh, however, extrication would have been hopelesa from the perplexity of trunks, barrels, and oheats of unmanageable dimensions, that block up the narrow paasages running fore and aft. The bertha on either hand, tier above tier, are oonfusedly littend with the aoanty bedding and sordid attire of their proprietol'8; fresh loaves have been haatily thnl8t into Sunday hatspate of butter are imperfectly hidden in old shoes -kettles protnlde from the thin covert of the blankets-and black bottles shyly retire from the treacherous light into remote cornel'8. The poor household stuff mggeats mournful reflections on that poverty whereof these mean trifles are the all, and on the insatiability of the desires whereto 80 little is absolutely needed. Yet, out of these scanty elements will the wives and daughtel'8 of the exiles form the semblance of a home, and find a temporary bappinesa. Woman, whatever sky be above us, only thy love can give us that !

Amid this oh'lOll, here and there wander men in hopelese quest of miBBing baggage, ohildren are niched in bertha silently munching furtive apples, women are weeping uncomplainingly while making the most of their poor furniture for the comfort of their families, pausing at times to invoke lOme child that, indifferent to maternal anxiety, haa escaped to the upper air. On a barrel in lOme retired nook is seated its owner, keeping discreet watch over the safety of all his earthly poBlJeBliODS, contemplating the anxiona scene with

oaImnesa, and solacing himself with an aromatic pipe.

As day slowly wanes, one by one, "the boys" reluctantly descend with aahy faces, and cast themselves despairingly down anywhere, mutely appealing for relief to the suffering women. Night descending veils their anguish, but with night arrive new distresses.

Aa the Albatross proceeds down the Channel, the breeze freshens, and veering to the westward, rendel'8 it neoesaary to shorten sail and make all anug for the night-a nautical procedure oontemplated with ignorant alarm by those paaaengers I

able to raise their aching heads. When the reduced topsails rise again, and the ahip is brought I

suddeuly to the wind, a colliaion ensues and I

shakes the gigantic frame, followed by a deafening crash and a univel'8al wail below, aa though the end of all things had arrived.

Amid a breathleaa choma of Paters and Aves, tremulous hands grope eagerly for matches, which lIuh in all directions to the great amuaement of Jack who is squinting down the hatchway. On the reappearance of lights all things seem to have I drifted to leeward into ruin and annihilation. I' Crockery haa been reduced to primeval dust- I boxes have betrayed their lOrry secrets, and barrels have resigned their stores. Loud is the lamentation i over a destruction caused by lack of care, or over I

the pel'8Onal iujurieareceived. Cornelinahaahad his foot jammed. Mollyhaalostafavouritetooth. Larry haa innocently acquired a black eye, and Bridget baa aprained her thumb. These calamities, howenr much to be regretted, have the good effect« I diverting the luffere1'8 from needlesa alarm, and prompting healthy exertion. Some feeble effort. I. at arrangement are made, and exhausted by varied emotions, they relapse into torpor which is not repose.

The morrow's aun lIaahes on a landleaa sea lIeoked with foam by the keen breeze, which, .1

though it may give zest to the rude fare of Jack recovering from the effects of late enjoyment, baa a diametrically opposite action on the exiles.. A few convulsive attempts are made to oook cotree, generally issuing in melancholy failure, much to the amlUlement of the Sea·Tritons, who, poslJ""ring " dura ilia. " themselves, have no bowels of com· paaBion for diatreuea whereto they are DOC subject.

Some days elapse ere the emigrants are familiarised with the novelty and disoomfort of their position. As eacb berth is designed to acccommodate five guests, their joint contributions forming a common bed, many are brought into disagreeably close relations with utter strangers that delioacy revolts against. When different 88JleII

are thus mixed, aa frequently OCCUl'8, the outrage on the modesty of the reluctant women needs DO

comment. Constant expomre to the observation of strange men generates immodesty_en the reluctant knowledge of impurities pollutes the 80111 I!

-the uuwholesome atmoaphere irretrievab1¥ taints i those who have once breathed it. I

From this enforced aasoclation, however, clearer knowledge is acquired in a few days of the true ' natures of new acquaintance than is ordinarily possible in genteel society , YIibre de~ prevents

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SU'!'. it, lSGO.] WESTWARD HO! 343

other than accidental glimpaeB of the serene i l'here ill abundant opportunity for indulgence heights or dark aby88e8 familiar to the souls of ' in those mutual confidencea that the impulsive others. Circumstancea demand much gentleness I voyagers incliue to. The glories of former fights and mutual forbearance from the voyagere. and I are homericalIy told, mysterious games are played those who are wille dilsplay them, if not from with greasy cards, Jacobite songB are sung, little natural kindlin_, yet from dilscreet regard for I amatory scenes occur, aDd the smoke of numbertheir own c:omfort; but there are natures so in-\less pipes ascends from the hatches, or broods in nately evil, or so unhappily uncultured, as to an odoriferol18 cloud below. The Celt never loses prefer rendering those around them miserable, and ' that factious spirit to which most of hils millforsuch find ample Dlaterial for hourly contention I tunes are in some degree attributable; and here, within the narrow limits of their berths. where common milsery should induce amity and

As they recover from sea·sickness, the thoughts I kindly feeling, all those party dilstinctions re-apof the voyagers, after so long abstinence, revert I pear that had embittered his former life. Whatfondly to culinary matters. There ill no lack of ever else may have perished, hate survives, and provilsion: beside their private store of potatoes, I constitutes the background of the picture. Papist oatmeal, &c., the ship ill legally bound to furnilsh I and Protestant, Whig and Tory, North and South, a periodical allowance, and many artifices are used play their little antici on thill narrow proscenium to obtain an undue share of these provillions, as earnestly and vindictively as before in Ireland, which are seldom used unl_ the private stock and generate continuous ill-will and frequent hal been improvidently exhausted. The wanton fights. waate by those-most of whom have known in From the previol18 habits of its tenants, ere the their own land the direst extremity of hunger-ill ! Pallllage ill over the steerage becomes as filthy D8

astonilhing. From some occult reason the Celtic I might be expected from their personal uucleanlipeaaant does not relish the white pilot-bread. ness. Ablutions are rare; what linen there is .. I doesn't like the feel of it under me tooth," &88umes that hue euphemillticalIy termed Isabeau, Aye Donu, while steadily demanding, in the idea and vermin familiar to man so dilsgustinglyabound, of .. getting the worth of hill money," that which that no care can exempt the fastidiol18 from their he then tramples under foot. attack.

When the instinct of hunger revives, the emotion The monotony of sea life is disagreeably varied ia general. and profound. A continuoul procession by an occasional gale, to the great alarm of the eD8Ues between the steerage and the galley of passengers, and delight of Jack and hils comrades, persons bearing vessels indicating the nature of who &88ume a contemptuous superiority to them, their employment. Extremest caution is needed very amusing and not altogether unmerited, for in venturing to approach the intermediate 8tepa the relations of the sexes seem here to be strangely ~nged by the anxious votaries, each imploring reversed-the women exhibiting far more courage, the bystander to abstain from touching the sacred energy, and endurance than the men. The pretty pot or kettle then being tremulously borne to the alarm that the dangers of the seas may elicit from expectant family. Below, whatever be the hour, the girls seems coquettishly &88umed for the occain eome dark comer the eteam is rising from a pot sion; and while the husband yields to unmanly of •• praties," around which cluster a select few, I despondency, hils delicate wife is frequently seen whose tastes are simple as their appetites are toiling for her family, and cheering them up, in a keen. way demanding admiration.

The cooking-ranges on deck are now the general But these endurances have at length au end. reaort for business or amusement. There, white- Hurried preparations for departure are mad!!, and armed Norah bewitches all beholders by the shy all array themselves in holiday attire, for the grace wherewith she fries a rasher; there, Larry earnest seamen are arranging the anchors and Regan, that spruce young bachelor, under pretext chains to guard against those casualties peculiar of lighting hils dudeen, whispers sweet flattery to to the coast. The ocean has lost the serene azure the dark-eyed colleen, whose blushes belie her tint, luggestive of mysterious depths; the purple feigned and decorous displeasure; there, while the cloud on the western horizon deepens before the pot is boiling, Mrs. Malony claims sympathy for advancing prow, and ill rapidly resolved into the matrimonial dietreaeea; Mrs. O'Halloran ostenta- Jersey Highl:mda; from the multitude of sails tioualy sighs over vanilshed wealth; and precocious that fleck the smooth surface, like a flight of snowy children await opportunities for petty theft or sea-fowl rocked to slumber by its rhythmical miachief. I undulations, one approaching yields a sallow pilot,

Many are the quarrels about priority of claims regarded with as much interest and awe as though to the use of the tires. At times the anger of the ' he had descended from some higher sphere. Exdiaputants vents itself otherwilse than in vitupera- pectation, standing on tiptoe, surveys with naIve tWn, and the lingle combat frequently changes in wonder the villas half hidden by foliage amid the a twinkling into a general mel~e, wherein each green hollows of Staten Island, the detiant cannon idler hastens to take part. The officers are at of Fort Hamilton, or, glancing across the gleaming times obliged to separate the combatants at per- bay, admires the brilliant city and the surrounding eonal hazard, though occasionally the "heady forest of shipping. Among these the AlbatrOBa current of the fight" is so strong and impetuous alighting, folds her wearied wings, is moored to a that only a copious deluge from i,lle fire· engine wharf in the Hudson River, the voyage is ended, can quell it. It ill nsedless to say that Jack and and they too are in Arcadia. hie comrades witness these little passages of arms We follow the fortunes of that larger clasa of with huge delight. immigrants who will have to depend on sweaty,

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ONCE A WEEK.

grimy, servile labour for subeistence, even in parade Imder the Irish 1Iag in the showy uniform .Arcadia. of that gallant volunteer corpe, the .. Irish Green;"

Attired in jauntily worn but battered hats, they vituperate the Protestantism of their toleram braes buttoned blue drees-coats, of the era of the fe1low-citizcma; they howl patriotically for 1hr

gracious George IV., corduroy continuations, with tpannical England; they contribute laviahly worated hose, and huge brogues, worthy of the to 8Upport their clergy; and dying in the odour of admiration of the sedate American; under the aanctity, they are 8UCCeeded by IOns i,gno:rant; aDd officious guidance of the predatory tribe uaually narrow-minded as themselves. besetting strangers, they reach those dens of the Othera turn with diataate from. the restraints of poor Irish that the authorities have vainly 80ught urban life_ Murtaugh, tying up his few chait.ela to cleanse. In all the large American cities the in a kerchief, turns his back contemptnoualy 011

incautious stranger is apt to stumble unawares on the busy city; and, cutting a .. bit ov a shtick " lOme foul neighbourhood, which-after escaping from the first hedge, with a short black pipe ia from the impure intricacies whel'tlin he was en- his mouth, truating like the young ravellll to tangled, as in the cunning meshes of a net-he Providence for his food, he seek8 fresh fields and aacerta.ina to be the abode of negroes, Irish, and pastures new. Little knots of these .. boys" are the other Pariah8 of society. As in lOme parte of frequently to be seen in the interior, in the enjoyEurope and the East a particular quarter of a city ment of a desolate freedom, leading a careJ.. is allotted to the Jewish tribe, which the Gentiles gipsy life, part predatory, part eleemCleylUll'y: acrupulously avoid, 80, in Arcadia, the Irish have reposing at noon under shady trees with their their appropriate Ghetto; and thither those unwary pipes in their moutha, and at night alumbering paaeengers by the Albatroaa, who are without 8weetly in accidental barns. Murtough tn._ frienda to welcome them to the New World and thus from village to factory, from caual to railreceive them to their homes, are led to be pillaged. road, ready to turn hi8 handa to any drudgery.

Received by the hOlt with a facile emile as He aeldom remains long in one plaoe, he b01l'8 .,

treacherous as the many tinted radiance of the not the endearmente of a home, but; leads a decanters ostentatiously adorning the bar, which vagrant, animal existence, without books or is euential in these eatabliBhments, the strangers enlightenment; living from hand to month by abandon themae1ves to enjoyment. But all plea- hardest labour, varied by an occuional ferocious 81U'e8 fade, and a few days exhaust at once their fight or wild carouse; generous but reck .. meana and the graci_eBB of their entertainer. until, his fine physical frame exhausted by toil Spurred by his talmta they look around for em- and irregular habits, he expires in lIOIDe public ployment, and learn with 8urprise that, to those hospital or on the road-8ide, and is interred. like a constituting the maaa of the immigrants, it is &I beggar. Sad end to so much that was noble! difficult of attainment in New York as in Dublin. Repelled by the hardships of such a caner, A8 the larder of a Spanish inn, while promising 80 with the Celtic aptitude to arms, others sigh for much, yielda on investigation only pan 11 uet108, military comfort. Tall, athletic, and good-lookiDg. bread and eggs; 80, beyond their readineBB and Brian finda no difficulty in enlisting; is arrayed in need to work, their qualification8 are generally the blue uniform of the Republic, shown how flo expreaaible in one word-muscle. discriminate between his hand., taught to face flo

As the Celt is grepHOU8 and prone to herding the right or left, and is marched to glory. Here with his folk in the squalid reoeasea of towns in his wants are abundantly provided for wUhout place of inhaling pure country air, the pauper trouble to himself : the pay is liberal, the duties population of the great American cities receives not too onerous; if the dilcipline be severe, the constant acceaaions of those who prefer dwelling morality i8 agreeably lax; little peocadill08 ~ in a state of indolent and vicious deatitution- alfect only himself are viewed more leniently than alarming to the atoateaman and philanthropiat-tO in civil life: provided he punctiliously reapecta earnest and systematic exertion. These depend the articles of war, and infringe not the military on fortuitous labour ronBd the docks and markets, oode, keeping wisely on the windy aide of the and may be found drinking poisonous liquors, law, Brian may drink, wench, gamble, and figh* when they have money, at vile groggeri_feeding I without reproof. So faacinating is this eaay life, al fresco on broken victuals, and burrowing at that the Irish constitute half of the American night like rats in lOme dilapidated building, or I army, and thus contribute directly to the aggran-reposing in the markets or on the wharves. , diaement of the State.

Some, more thrifty and decorous, gradually I The simple agricultural life is unattractive flo insinuate themselves into permanent employment. I the Celt. He is repelled by toile requiriDg Larry is invested with the charge of a dray or patience and forethought 80 foreign to his Dature. hand·cart; Con aacenda a hackney-coach box; .Rural lCenes charm him not; he shuns eolitoude, Dennis is initiated into the Plutouian mysteries of and is luperatitiously averse to that austere shade"r & foundry; Micky devotes himaelf to stone cutting; and ailence of the vast American foreata grateful and Phelim sweats under the burden of the hod. to earnest and re1lective minda. These attain in time a more or 1_ reputable Perhaps compelled to fly from. cities by ecme atUua as citizens; they marry and beget children ; misunderstanding with his old enemy the law, they carouse afton- their labours; they take a Patrick may occasionally retreat to the frontier, riotous &hare in municill8l alfaira, and show their , and, boldly equatting anywhere, apply himIelf, fitneBB for political liberty by selling their votes to I under the spur of neceasity, to clearing a maall the beat bidder. On gala days, attended by a patch of ground, and erecting thereon & ahelt.eriDg braaa band, and armed as the law clirecta, they ! hovel. This ej[~ he IlitrdoQM J!Djoy him· I

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8an. ft, 18110.) TENBY. 345

8elf under his vine and fig-tree for the reat of his I selvea of the social advantagea open to them. life. Hia negligent husbandry easily obtains from \' They remain intolerant, illiterate, and factiot1.8. the virgin soil wherewithal to support his family They never &BBOciate or &88imilate with the in rode abundance, and even to barter for the children of the soil. They bring into Arcadia all whisky and tobacco requisite to his enjoyment. the antipathiea of their former life and acquire But beyond this he haa no care, and appreciates othera. As formerly they hated the Saxona, they none of the retinementa or neceaaitiee of civiliaa- now hate the .. na·ti17e8," and the averaion is tioD. He haa too much leisure to be thrifty, the mutual. indll8try of man being in an inverae ratio to the The Americans auert, that "any indirect bounty wherewith nature aatiafiea his wanw. benefit derived from the &OCe88 of these • hewera Thus the cabin becomes dilapidated, the fencea of wood and drawera of water,' is counterbalanced are neglected, the piga browae luxuriously on the by admiaaion of the elementa of discord into the cabbages; while Pat amokes his pipe before the Republic-of intolerance into religion-of ran· door, and gazes curioualy on the wayfarers, cour into foreign relationa-of venality and riot indifferent to the ahrill objurgationa of his alatternly into electiona-of vice and pauperiam into the spouse, or the future of his bare·footed impa, who large citiea of the Union." are already the peata of the neighbourhood. . The late political associationa, the Native Ame-

The travellera on the Misaiaaippi may frequently rican and Knownothing partie8, were designed to observe upon ita margin, under the immediate counteract these evils, attributed to the Iriah shadow of the cottonwood and cypre88e8, mourn· element of the population, by rigidly excluding fully awaiting the havoc of the axe and ravage of either Iriah or Catholica from partic[pation in the annual Hood, a fragile tenement formed of a political power, but the only result haa beeu to few l00ae pine boarda inclined against a withered exasperate previous animositiea.. tree. The tenant of that modest home hu cut Whatever be the truth or the falaity of the the piles of :firewood that the slieamer stays her American charges, it should be remembered that earnest speed and for awhile intermits her thick. pro8perity haa always its compenaating evila, and breath to receive. Like th4I drMt. wood left by that while enjoying the one, the Americans can· the receding stream, ~o wither ill ~he sun or rot not entirely free themselves of the othera. 1£ in the sickly 8hade, ~nd chan,ge into .new forms of the development of the re80tuces of the Republic vegetable life, 80 haa some luckleas Celt been cast is in a great measure due to immigration, they upon that shore to supply the lloceasities of com· must manfully accept its inaeparable &Ccompani· merce at the cost of life. His attenuated form and ments. UllCCrtain gait illdicate both ,the pestilential in1lu. The interfusiou of this Irish element imbued encea whereto he is exposed, andth" fatal solace with a frantic hatred of England, requires, howwhereto he haa recourse in his wretchedBOtiwde. ever, serious considerations here, fo r it exercisea a The day ia not distant when he will f&ilia appear- most malevollll'lt in1luet\ce on our relations with ing to welcome the advancing vesael, or claim the- America. The Celto·American preas panders to wonted fiery draught; but the carrion birda, 1IIIl. thia prevalent feeling in, its constituents by lenly rising from their repaat in the swampy preaching a crusade against England, in and out thicket, on the approach of th&, euriona, -will of se&8d'n. Now this is of very serious import reveal the cauae of his ah,ence. to ' us even now, and there is no saying to what

The reader will be interelited ~ to the fortunes giant 'stature and capabilities of evil this national of the female paasengera by the .Alhatloea.'. hate may grow, thus illdustrioualy fomented by

Should no friends welcome them , on arrival, demagogues for their private bellefit. However they seek domestic service, t~ugh the agency 'Of averaa- to this policy the American may be, dis· the numerous hltelligence ·offices. Americal\ posed: ttl r~ard with & kindly eye the land of his women generally d~ise, . and ~tly under·' fath~,: cUlarto him from community of intereata take, servile duties, lea~ ~~to be me- ' and fM'Jlhg, 'Yet, this constant vituperation insen· nopoliaed in the north by lriaIl, .m~ .iQ · their~, sibly inll.tu/nces him, protits by any accidental satisfaction than to tht . of their ~ ,woo occurrence to irritate him, and cunningly appeals are eloquent in "bus'e it . but, . relO6mbering.· that at all momenta to the elementa of his worser

I elsewhere also serv~ta &re. p~erbUnyf.I··tU haWre. Should these agencies not suffice, yet, greatest plague of life." we hesitate ill _firmiBgthe Irish element, receiving conatant acceaaiona to their complainta. . ". ", its hwnerical strength, may eventually attain the

Factory employment the immigranta rarely desired end by outvoting him ! reeort to, from dialike to the attendant restraints. Quod Dii Avertite! FRANcIS MORTON. Many acquire hoUBe8 of their own ere their youth baa faded, and give sona to the Republic. The Americans o.ttribnte to them a somewhat lax morality, and it cannot be concealed tha~ the demoralising influences of the passage render many

, notoriously unchaste. The inquiring reader demands whether the

Celtic peasantry have benefited by change of clime!

In some respects, yes. They have added to their material comforts, and are never expoeed to actual want. But, they have not availed them.

TENBY.

.. WHBRlII shall we go this summer!" is the question most commonly put by her Majesty's lieges at this time of the year-by the gay, but pale.faced London family, satiated with the round of perpetual parties-the hard working clergyman who feels unusually" Monday.ish," and conaidera that his throat requires & course of sea air-the merchant and clerk, pining for a cessation from the monotonous circle of account: k ~ ledger--

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343 ONCE A WEEK. [Bsn. 2t, leeo. I the Paterfamiliaa, with whom it ill a point of join in the same cry, and hold conaultationa, at I honour to shut up his house once a year. and take which the merita of the various watering place& his Penates for a dip in the sea.-the University are di8C\l88ed. Brighton, too faat.- Worthing, man, poeaeued with the mysterious notion that too dear-Ventnor, too hot-Torquay, too many he ought to join a reading party-the old fogey, invalids, and 80 on. I would recommend all un· who only goes to watering·placea because other certain parties to drive to Paddington, take a people go-the geologist, who takes down his ticket to Narberth Road, and visit Tenby, as sweet beloved hammer, rusty with a winter's idleness-- a spot as any in England or Wales. My earlieR the botanist, whom the discovery of a new fern aaaociations of watering-places date from Tenby, will make happy for a twelvemonth, or the zoolo- and although since then I have seen almost every gist, dreaming of rare and miraculous actinilll. All one in England and Wales, I return to my tim

The Cutle, 'rcnby.

love, in the strong conviction, that it excela all others. First appearances go a long way, and from whichever side Tenby ill approached, whether by water from Bristol or Ilfracombe, or by land from Narberth and Pembroke, itlooks well, owing to the peculiarity and beauty of ita situation. A peninaula of lofty limestone rocks runs seaward with a graceful curve, backed up on the land· side by wooded rising ground, and terminating in a rugged and abrupt promontory. The town and suburbs present a singularly beautiful appearance

from the bay, as they follow the line of cliffe, the most prominent object being the slender spire of the church, which is for many miles a con8picuous landmark for Channel ships. The terraces and houses nestling down to the water'8 edge, look 10

gay and bright, that were it not for the mins of the old castle, one would be tempted to set it down as a place of yesterday. That would bea miatake, however, for few, if any, watering places in England can boast of such antiquity_

Ita origin ill poP)llA.l')vd asCribe lony of iJlgiiiZ!!( oy "-.:J

I' I

I

I

I 347

\' BIIn. 22, 1860.J TENBY.

Flemish clothiers, driven from their own homes by par excellenoe, is the Castle Hill, a rugged pro. II an inundation, in the reign of Henry 1., who was montory almost surrounded by the sea, and glad enough to have lIuch a solid and industrious crowned by the ruins of the keep.

!II race settled down here; but even before the arrival A penon must be hard to please, if he cannot of these strangers, it was a flourishing fishing enjoy a summer's afternoon here at high,water, village, known as "Dyncych y Pyscoed," or the when he can lie on the grass and lazily wateh the Precipice of Fishes. waves as they come rolling in, to break with im.

I Teuby was at its greatest, however, in the time petuous disappointment on the water·wom cliffs of Henry vn. and VIlL, the former of whom below; when he can cast his eyes, almost without deigned to make use of the castle as an asylum, moving, over the wide sweep of Cann&rthen Bay, while he was waiting to escape to Brittany, which with its graceful outlines of hills dotted here and he eventually did by the help of White, a wealthy there with white villages, and terminated by the merchant. The town was well garrisoned and fantastic point of Worm's Head (up which I fortified during the alarm of the Spanish Armada, have many a time seen the breakers dashing, and a considerable portion of the walls and ruined .though at a distance of twenty miles), when the towers are still in good preservation, particularly strains of the music (though not always of irre· on the south·west and north· west sides, which proachable tune), float pleasantly on the ear, atrord an agreeable walk. The lounge of Tenby, mingled with the hum of voices and the deep

Tenby from the hljth grountl.

boom of the breakers-Verily, I say, if a man cannot be happy under such circumstances, he does not deserve to live.

The ruins of the Castle are not extensive, and consist principally of the keep, a small round tower, with a square one attached to it, and com· manding from the summit a view of the other watch·tower, which gave to the town the alarm of an approach by land. One of these is still reo maining on a hill near Ivy Tower, above the road to Pater, and there is a second on the Bur· rows: a third and fourth on Windmill Hill and the Ridgeway have been destroyed. Besides the walls and the keep, the antiquarian may examine the church, which contains a singular west door· way, a beautiful flight of stell' leading to the altar, and a curiously carved wooden roof, known by architects as a cradle roof. There are also lOme good monuments, amongst which is one in me· mory of the Whites, the wealthy merchants afore· said, who helped Henry of Richmond out of the kingdom.

But, perhaps, gentle reader, you tum up your nose at antiquities, and all such old·fashioned lore, and go in for the "ologies." If you are a zoolo· gist, then, explore the rugged cliflis and recesses of St. Catheriue's Island at low water, and do not get too much engroBBed with your occupation; for I have known lOme people look up from their actinire, and make the pleasing discovery that the tide had risen, and cut them off flom the shore, thus reducing them to spend several hours more than they liked on the wand. The geologist will be struck with the foliated appearance 0)£ the limestone strata, which has been worn by the action of countle88 breakers into fantastic forms and caverns. In the rock basins left by the retreat· ing tide, the admirers of zoophytes will find here employment for many a long day, as alao at the Monotone Rock (which stands out isolated 011 the North Sands), and on the cliffs round by Giltar and Lydstep.

To the south of Tenby, the coast dwindles down into sand burrows, but again rises to a considerable

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ONCE A WEEK. . [bPr. Sf, u..

height at the headland of Giltar Point, beyond shaWl us that the Ridgeway, a long elnatecl which the pedestrian will find a alight difficulty in upthrowof old red aandstones, intervenes between the shape of lofty precipices and deep water, 80 the two placea, and thus rend8l'll the commUDithat he must clamber up the rocks &I beat he can, cation impouible. and keep along the edge of the down to Proud A very favourite excUl'llion ia that through Giltar. Penally and Lydatep to Manorbeer Castle, one of

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About a mile from land ia one of the great the finest examples in the whole country of. I Briatol Channel Wanda, that of Caldy, which ia a fortified caatellated reaidence. Indeed, moag .. favourite water excUl'llion from Tenby for thOle it ia, it W&l built more for defence than offence, ADd who are fond of boating. Caldy Island ia of con. contain. more tracea of a domestic characteI' aiderable extent, and at low water ia counected by than any of the cutles round. Here old Giral-a ridge of rocks with St. Margaret's. Moreover dus Cambren8ia W&l bom, the famous historian it is inhabited by the lord of the manor, Mr. of Wales and the travelling companion of A1'chKynuton, whose modem hoWle ia inoorporated biahop Baldwyn in hie preaching tour. He bu with a more ancient building, probably the ruin. left a glowing deacription of the aplend01U'l of of a monaatic establiahment, which formerly Manorbeer, its gardena, terraceI, and fiah·pooda, exiated here., The light-houae here ia a great lion the remains of which are atill viaible, but Ichabod ! for viaitora, md a great boon to mariners, for it their glory baa departed. The church, too, ia the lights up a particularly daDgerous part of the moat extraordinary edifice that can be imagined. Chenel highway. The brethren of the hammer All the Pembrokeshire churches, particularly in will fiud here a fair show of limestone fOlails, anll the southem portion of the county, are marir.ed, an interesting junction of the carboniferous and architecturally speaking, by a peculiarly rude and old red aandstone formatioDl, while at a place called maaaive style, which sought to combine the church Eel Point bones of animals have been diacovered. with a defeDlive post, if needs were; for in tho. For those parties with whom water excunioDl times the necesaity for defence occurred again and ' , diaagret', there are plenty of places to be visited in again. But Manorbeer church, besides presenting the neigbbourhood of Tenby, and plenty of meaDB thia feature, ia remarkable for the odd irregu1arity for viaiting them. All day long, carriages are of its outline, &I though the different parts had rattling about the atreets and terraces, from the been plunged down in a heap, and tacked on to stylish. looking break down to the funny little one· each other, any how. horae .. chays, .. which are indigenous to the town, I It would take too long to enumerate all the dif· and very abundant. On the road to Penally ferent objects worth viaiting near Tenby-Stack. , , and Lydatep CaverDB, you may meet scores of pole Court, with its splendid garden&-Saini these small vehicles going down·hill (particularly Gowan'. well, with its ruined chapel-the Stack I

Windpipe Lane), at a pace wonderful to behold, Rock-Pembroke, with its glori9u8 round tower-and tuming the comers (of w~i@..,~ere are many) LaIll\'h!1 P~ where 'the Bishop of Saint David's in a glorious uncertainty &I to wh~ DIlIIY be meet. livW'Uka~ llOuntry'g$t1ema.n; and Llawhawden I

ing them. Penally ia a c.b:irming, ijtt~, ,~~ OUtle, 'wh~re he lived' ~ke a fighting baron, and I about a couple of JI!il~ qjf.placCU; on a 'weU., from tlIel'OOf' of which the wicked Bishop BarloW' wooded riaing ground, ~ilcOntainiIIg a. :pietlmo' .l\tole the lead to enable him to marry off his five eaque ~urch itiia.~ome' ~o8se8 i;n. ~e churcllyard, plain daughters. Verily, ia not the hietory of which is 'said' to"~~ve: Qllen 'the' resting place of all these written in the chronicles of the Tenby Saint Tei1o, the patron saint of Llanda1f. A very Guide' G. P. BBVAlf. pious saint W&l he, and a politic, for it ia recorded of him, that after hie death, ,~ church~ viz., THE PARENTAGE OF A SUNBEA.M. Llau~ Penally, and Llaudeilo disputed WIth each __ other &I to the ownership of hie bonea, and not I OJ' all the heads the sun ahiD.ea down upon. i;be being able to settle the point aatiafactorily, moat are far too busy or too idle to think much agreed to petition the saint to reveal himself to about him, except vaguely &I the great BOUl"08 of the churoh which really p088eB8ed them. He light and heat, whOle morning appearance sets listened graciously to their prayer, and un· the world &ltir, and evening diaappearauC8 atiDa willing to diaal'point auch zealous diaciples, the din, and leaves the world to rest. What is it showed himaelf in three separate but similar that ao beneficently rules over us, aubduiag and bodies, one for each church, to their great joy and enriching our earth with the shining hoat; of exultation. . sunbeam., Ie it a great globe of fire, or diac 01.

A little before you come to Penally, there ia, light. put there solely for the benefit of the eanh 01088 to the road.side, a curious cavern, known and her companion planets' or baa it a life of u. as Hoyle's Mouth. It is in the limestone rock, own, so to apeak, movement, change, ceaeeJe.1y and h&l been actually explored for a distance of : active forcea ! I

159 feet. For those who are fond of wriggling I If we want to know the size of a distant object, themselves in uncomfortable attitudes through r we must firat find how far off it is. We kncnr narrow paaaagea, thia ia just the place to snit 'I familiarly that ita apparent po8itWn depends UpcIII them: only, viaitora must be careful not to the situation of the observer; that if we walk penetrate too far, or they may find that they I: half a mile, the church steeple which W&I in one emerge into daylight again at Pembroke Caatle- direction at starting, aeema in quite another now. so ruDB the legend, which doubtleaa W&l cur· If it be a very near object, a small chauge of poei. rent before the days of geological research, which tion will displace it; but if of BUch magnitud-... unfortunately for the subterranem paaaages, I distant mountain, aay-aa to be seen a long way

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1kPr. 2!, 1860.] THE PARENTAGE OF A SUNBEAM. 349

off, we may shift our own place considerably perhaps the Pemvians, no suspicion of their real without its apparent position being altered. This nature had been aroused; nor could they be simple fact lies at the root of all the knowledge observed long enough to deduce any kind of conattained respecting the distance, size, and motion elusion from them. of the heavenly bodies; and goes scientifically by Armed with their new invention, the telescope, the name of paralla:r. By means of it the lun'S Fabricius, Galileo, and others, Haw some of the distance baa been ascertained with as much cer- spots appear on the eastern limb of the sun, reach tainty as if a rule could be laid along to measure the centre in Ii.~ or seven days, disappear at the it. To arrive, indeed, at perfect accuracy, more western edge La seven more, and, after an interval recondite means have been and still are adopted. of nearly fourteen laya, reappear at the east, to Witness the recent astronomical expedition to repeat their course. Now these appearances could Chili, sent by the Americans to verify and rectify be accounted for in two ways: either that the the calculation by a series of observations of spots are a part of the aun, and revolve with him Venns. But these are niceties important only to on his axia, or that they are dark bodies at a very astronomers. It has been said that the Condor abort distance from the aurface, travelling round eagle could fly round the earth in a week if harped a motionless ann. Happily, besides these dark by favouring winds. That kingly bird would apot&, there are apots of light, of especial brighthave to spread his wings for nearly seventy-three neaa. These, if they were independent bodies years to reach the aun, for the journey is ninety- revolving round the sun, would not disappear five milliona of milea long. A annbeam does it in immediately after pasaing the edge, lost in the about eight minutes. light of the photoaphere, aa the dark apots would:

The distance known, we can understand that it they would be seen a little longer. And that was a comparatively easy task to find out the this does not happen, is conclusive that they are actual size of the great parent who sends his something belonging to the aun. Whilst the bright offspring to vivify we know not yet how earth takes only twenty-four hours, the ann takes many worlds. It is aa large as fourteen hundred twenty-five days to revolve upon his axis, or therethousand globes like oUrB rolled into one. This abouts,-for, owing to changes which take place

, I', - includes the (ltmosplUl'l'U which aurround the aun; in the actual size and movements of the apots • and it; is not at present known whether these themselves, the learned are not quite agreed aa to

form so fractional a part of the entire bulk as doea the exact period of rotation.

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the atmosphere of the earth. The size of the What are the spots? Astronomers have watched solid globe within that wonderful light or photo- them as anxiously aa a mother watches her child'i aphere, which latter alone is what our eyes behold, face, in the hope they would reveal something of we do not know. There is one fact which may what goes on beneath that mantle of flame which perhaps indicate that the sun's atmospheres do envelopes the dark and solid globe. Every spot is occupy a vast depth; namely, that in proporlion carefully mapped down, its course followed, ita to its bulk the sun is four times lighter than the minuteat change noted. They do not appear on earth. all parts of the disc, but in two parallel zones on

Each science baa its own apecial c1asa of diffi- both sides of the ann'aequator, in a position, in fact, cultiea to contend with: formidable dragons guard- which nearly corresponds with those regions of the ing the magician's castle. The chemist, the earth in which the trade-winds prevail. In durameteorologiat;, atill more the physiologist, are tion they vary greatly. Some disappear in the bafIled by the mence and secresy with which course of a single revolution. Others-but this is nature prepares her effects, and by the multitude rare-have been known to last six or seven of causes conspiring to or modifying one result. months. Some years, the aun is acarcely a single The astronomer baa, above all other students of day free from them: in others, there will be none Dature, to contend with the confused evidence the on perhaps a hundred out of the three hundred IIeJlBeB give in regard to motion and position, fur- and sixty-five. These variations are periodical. niahing us not with facta at all, but only with the For five or six years the BPOts progressively materials out of which facts have slowly to be increase in number and size, and then for five or elaborated. It took five or six thousand years to six more diminish; after which they again begin ascertain whether our earth move or the aun increasing. They have been on the increase for move; aatronomy being throughout the whole the last live years, and will reach the maximum period more or 1888 cultivated by one nation or this year. Not the least remarkable feature is another. their enormous size. The earth might be flung

We have not now to account for the aun's vary· through some of them without touching. Nay, ing apparent position. The great circle he with last aummer, there were spots sixty thousand irregular speed aeema to describe, is the result of miles acro811. Yet they disappear with rapidity, the earth's shifting&, and belongs therefore to a closing up at the rate of a thousand miles a day. study of the earth as a planet. But haa he any .. Closing up:" the expression implies that they movements of his own? A Dutchman, FabriciuB, are an opening in something. That curtain of was the first to find the answer; by help of those flame, the photosphere, which surrounds the sun remarkable appearances, the 8pOU on the sun, the as ftame does the wick of a candle, is, by an discovery of which ma, be reckoned one of the unknown cause, powerful currents or atmospheric first fruita of the telescope. For though they I disturbances of some kind, raft aaunder; and it is had occasionally been seen by persons gifted with the body of the sun we have a glimpse of in that rare powers of Bight as early as the time of dark apot. There it is, dark and mysterious, yet Charlemagne, and before that by the Chinese, and solid, actual. Little encrgh can be made out

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from thill glimpae; but it ill lIODIething to Bet eyes I too by beings of an organisation not wholly , upon the very core of the solar syatem. unlike our own, ill my answer." That dense aDd

The black spot ill generally' surrounded by a cloudy inner atmosphere we have spoken of may fringe brighter than the nuc1eWl, though dull effectually protect it from the dazzling light of compared with the adjoining surface. Thill fringe the photosphere, and conduct but little of ita heat. (or penumbra) ill also something seen through an I Besides, though we have called it an ocean of opening in the IUD'S outer luminous covering. It flame, it ill pouib1e that the intm.tit1l of the light ill part of a dense, cloudy atmosphere, situated at and heat given out may be due to the enormous a vast depth below the surface of the photosphere: I thpth of luminous matter; 10 that the vividn_ a great cavity, in fact, with a floor of cloud. of anyone particular film might not aurpa8II that

But there ill Btill another, a third covering of of an Aurora Borealis. So eaid Sir William the sun's; the existence of which ill revealed I Bel'lCheL during a total eclipse of the IUD. A circlet of Such, then, ill the parentage of the aunheam. pale ligbt ill then seen surrounding the two But what are the mnbeama? What do they orbs, and in the midst of thill sometimes rosy bring us on their radiant wings! Not light alone. peaks of enormous height,-more than 40,000 Beat, chemical force (actinism), perhaps electric I'

miles high. Thill circlet, or corona, must be force, are in them, linked together in clOll8, but something allrial, belonging either to the sun or not indiaaoluble union. And when they reach the moon. But the moon baa no appreciable man's domain, he baa to lOme extent power over atmosphere. It ill then the sun's outermost cover· them. By cunningly-deviaed experiments, he diaing,-a transparent atmosphere with no light of solves the union, that he may search more its own, but freely transmitting that of the photo. thoroughly into the nature 9f each, aDd through sphere: and the crimson mountains are clouds in thiII better knowledge find out perhaps something it. ThiII.ummerthere baa been an opportunity of. more about their birthplace. Thus even light, observing these and other interesting phenomena I besides what we may call itB direct revelatioua, in the eclipse that took place on the 18th of baa yielded to subtle modes of questioning a .j July. fragment of knowledge as to the nature of the '

Dependent as our world ill upon the IUD, it ill not photosphere. . I unreasonable to suppose we might feel some effect Light, we may remind the reader, is of two from those solar disturbances of which the spots I kinds-natural and polariaed. PolarisatioD ill a are an evidence. Are our summers hotter, or our I hard word. It means the modification a ray of winters colder, crops more abundant, or falla of I light undergoes in certain circumstancea, through rain heavier, when spots prevail? These are which it acquires ditrerent properties on ODe side il points busily investigated, not yet cleared up. to what it haa on the other. And aa it is aacer- ': But that there ill a connection between the spots tained under what circumstances light becomes and the magnetic state of the earth, General polarised; so, fIiu -.a. if light be polari8ed, the Sabine, the able and energetic leader in thiII field circumatances under which it became 80, the of inquiry (Terrestrial Magnetism), haa established nature of its II011I'ce, may be arrived at with beyond doubt. Last September, a very remark· tolerable certainty. There ill a wonderful little able fact was observed by Mr. Carrington, of instrument,_ blackened tube, with a plate of Reigate. Be saw a spot of intense brightness on rock.crystal at one end, and of Iceland Bpar U the BUD, which endured ten minutes; and, a week the other,-called a Polariaoope, which testa the later, going to the Kew Observatory, found that , two kinda of light. Look at lIODIething through , during those same ten minutes the magnets had I thill, and you will see two images of it in pad experienced moat extraordinary deviations. t overlapping one another. If the light reflected by

But not only does the 1IUJl, like hill dependent thill aomething be polarised, the two imagea will worlds, revolve upon an axis. Like them, too, be of different colours,-complementary colours, he moves obedient to a mighty influence from one red, the other green, and 10 on. If it be without, which draws him along at the rate, it is natural light, both images will be white. Light believed, of about 400,000 miles a day,-little that ill emitted at a very ama1l angle from a more than a quarter of the speed with which the burning solid or liquid body ill polariMd. But earth travels round him. Is he travelling in com· from a burning gaaeous substance, however amall pany with other IUD8 round some great central 1 the angle at which it issues, it ill fIIltural light. mn? M. Maedler, the Prusaian astronomer, baa Examined by thill teat, the mn's luminous coverdevoted many years of hill life to thiII abstruse ing ill concluded to be gaseous, (and flame is neither , inquiry. Be holds that the BUll, with its attendant more nor lellll than burning air or gas): for it I.

planPta, is advancing towards a point in the con· fOrm8 only white images in the Polariscope, stellation Hercules. The solar system, then, ill though of course the ray. from the edges • not flung &aide into some comer of the universe, come at a very ama1l angle. In what manner "a law unto itaelf." It ill bound up with other I made luminous ill unknown, though there ars systems, obeys the influence of other vaater' weighty reaaons for suspecting electricity to be the centres of force, and-how can we believe other· agent. wise 1-of life; and ill to visit inconceivably Merely to sketch in outline what is already 1

remote regions of space. known of the work accomplished by the IUD'. I: .. If YOI1 ask me whether the IUD ill inhabited," I rays, would lead us within the precincts of almofi "

&aid Arago, "I am bound to reply, 1 know every acience. Herschel haa told us that they nothing about the matter. But if you say, can : are the primary source of all motion on the earth. the IUD be inhabited 1 Yes, certainly: and that I Like the Prince whose kiss JnfC!ke th" SleepiD& ,I i

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81U'1'. It, 1880.] THE MINSTREL'S CURSE. 351

Beauty, their touch rolllell the germ of every green thing to put forth the life that is in it. They are the preaiding genii in nature's grand chemical laboratory. They set the winds in

motion; draw up out of the earth mere watery vapour, which, shaped by thoae winds into a canopy of cloud, they paint with varying hues.

.ANNE GII.cmmlT.

THE MINSTREL'S CURSE.

(noJ( ~BB OJIRII.UI 01' UBLAIlD.)

<J!!;. . 40 ~_ - .. -----;; .. -~~ .l1~f.LoHJ iJu . ' t: .: o . _ -.T _ _ -- _ _ _ -

Over the landl'CBpe sbining, fal' as the ocean blue, stand, b da)'ll of old a caatle stood high and proud to view, I Within the Hall of Columns now the two minstrels

WrtlIMb'd all around with garde.ua, wbere 'mid the Upon his tbrone tbe monarch, bis queen at hi. rigbt fragrant flowers, band;

The air WB8 coord by fountain., 8parkling in rainbow · The king aU dread and atately-a blood red Nortbern showers. Ligbt,

There sat a haugbty monarch, in lands and conquests great,

Upon his throne, wan·visaged, he sat in BUllen state ; His thonghts are all of borrors, his eye8 are bright witb

rage ; Hia worda thAY faU like lCOurges i he writes, blood

ltaina the page.

Once came there to his castle a noble minstrel pair, The locka of one were golden-silver tbe otber's hair; With barp the old man journey'd, a stately borae

astride, Bis t.looDling comrade gaily walk'd by the horae's side.

<.rhe old bespoke the younger: .. Prepare, my son,

The queen all sweet and gentle-R fuU moon shining brigbt.

Tbe greybeard strnck tbe barp·strings, be struck them wondrons well,

Upon the ear they Bounded with rich and richer swcll ;

Then came the youth', voice gushing-so beav'oJy clear it rnng.

AlId, like a spirit chorus, between tbe old man sang.

They sang of love and spring·time, of happy golden days,

Of truth and manly honour-tbey IBng in freedom', prnise-

make cboice They sang of all tbings lof't.y, they sang of all things , Bwcet, l Of all our 800gB the deepest-attune thy fullest voice

Bxert thy utmost power-of joy and sorrow sing: Oar &im mnat be to waken the hard beart of the king."

That make men's bosoms quiver, that make men's hearts b beat.

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Around, their sporta forgetting, gather'd the courtier I "You are so stupid," my little wife broke in. crowd: ' "Why can't you think of lome l'roper name for

The haughty warriors, humbled, before their M.ker the ohild! " bord ; I .. That's exactly what I have been tryiug to do.

The queen henelf was melted by tales of joys and my dear," I mildly retorted, "but there is DO

woe., , plelllling you. " Aud bt~: down to the singers, pluck'd from her I "How can you say so! You know very well

r_ .. a lOBe. ,I've submitted to have all the children called .. My folk you have enchanted: charm you my wife to ' after that odious old uncle of yOW'8-GubbiDs,

boot t" : Gubbins,-until I am quite sick of Gubbins, and The mODlll'Ch cried, with fury he shook from head to I I am determined now that baby shall have a

foot, , . . , pretty name. Then hurl d hiS sword, that, 1Iasbing, the young man s , The quu-rel, good reader, is 88 old 88 the time of

bofto:n tore, • • : AriBtophanes, and it will go on, we suppoee, &I Whence, stead of golden mUSIC, IBBued a stream of gore. I long u babies condescend to come into the worl<L TheliBt'nersall were IIc:,tteT'd (aawhen a stormalsrms), There W88 a time when people were content to The yonth breathed out his spirit, clasp'd in hia master'. take the first name that presented itself, and i'

arms; was Tom, Dick, and Hany,-Harry, Dick. and The corpse within his mantle he wrapp'd, and bonnd it Tom, to the end of the chapter; but either the

. fast . , character of our reading, or the spread of the fine Uprlgbt upon hiS palfrey, and from the castle pass d. ,arts, and therefore a better al'preci&tilln of the I

Before the lofty portals the grey-hair".l minRtrel stands, , beautiful have made us more fastidious. What His harp, of harps the treasure, he seizes in his! a daring thing it would be to oaIl a girl Betty

hands, I or Sally, and yet, a century ago, theae were And 'gainst a marlole column he CllStB it with a cry I fashionable names among the upper ten thousand. Through cast1und through gsrdens that echoes awfully: It cannot be denied, however, that fashion "Woe to ,ou balls 80 haugbty I Ne\"er let music- I and mere imitation have a great. d~ to do w~h

strain ' I the ma~r. The name o~ th~ relgnlDg 8O,,:erelgn Re-echo throu .. h thy vaultings nOT harp nor BOn" I always mtluences the christenlDgs of a certain per-

&(Iiain I .. , 0' : centage of the population. For three or four Let sigbs and groanings only for ever bear the awny, I generations Georges and Charlottes, and Carolines, Until th' avenging angel has erush'd you in decay I I were all in vogue; and now we are taking a turn "W to ~ t d • Id I'gbt f u I at Victorias and Alberta. But it is only the grega-oe you, Jragran gar ens, 10 go en I 0 may, I . sl .l!_ d h f 11 th lead . .. .. !_ This dead man's face disfigured I shoW' to you thisiday : nou y wapoae . t at 0 ow. e er In ........ Tbat you at it may wither, that every well may dry,' I way, and the .fi:mg a name .I~ really ~mlng II That you from hence for ever a stony waste may lie ! I matter of amuo.y to the fastIdious. The difficulty

1 always feel about the matter is lest the name "Woe to you, cura'~ ~BBa8Bin I ofminstrel~y the ban~ I should not fit. Why is it that an ideal will mix Be all ~by blood·stain d struggles for glory B wreath 10 itself with every name 1

Tam I. ••. That Mary should suggest everything that is Thy n.-me be It forgotten 10 n~ght Without an end, " womanly and amiable is simple enough. For And like a last death-rattle WlLh empty vapour blend I these last eighteen hundred years the Ro_ The minstrel old bad spoken, and heaven had heard bis Catholic Church has identified her sacred Dame

cry ; with all the feminine virtues; that Isabella should The balls are all in ruins, tbe walls all prostrate lie ; suggest a .. roud .. &BBionate nature we undoubtedly WitneBB of pride long vanish'd still stands one column owe to its southem origin. But why should

tall, Ann be a cold, formal, highly. starched old And thia, already shatter'd, to-night to earth may fall. maid? and why, again, should Fanny be, with 80

Instead of fragrant gardens. a desert heather-land I few exceptions, the designation of a falae-hearted No tree gives shade, no fountain comes welling through flirt !

~be sand: Blanche, again, in our mind's eye, is a proud No 800gB, no hero-stories, the monarch's Dame re- blonde, with haughty manner and a fair white

hea.rse, neck. We may have known many a Blanche with For ever lost, forgotten I-Such is the Minstrers Curse I black hair and with narrow forehead, but the fact

--- -- -- does not in the slightest destroy the ideal CHRISTIAN NAMES_ Blanche-the Blanche that should be. CatheriDe,

again, is a proud stately dame that a lover would .. WBLL, then, let it be John." \' not like to tritle with. Indeed, when the name is ee John is an odious name." shortened into Kate it gets a little vixenish. "Won't William do 1" Again, Emily i8 very womanly, with A prom-" You know I detest it." I sion of light hair, a little lethargic, perhapr, "What do you .. y to Dick!" but still desirable. Jane would snap your nose "Dis-gus-ting! " oft' on the slightest occasion. Juliu, in the When a woman pronounceB thus, very 8lowly, I age that is just put, always performed on the

syllable by ayllable, there is nothing for it but to harp, to display ~eir commanding figures, and give in, unless you want to have a scene. I never condescended to do such a thing 88 plain , "Well, then, my dear, let it 'be George Frederick work. MarthJrr still follows out her destiny, and

thelllUltus." :'C __ -=-=--=--=~=-_-=- ~ ____ ..::.... _ atten: ~~: shirt _~~:=;y edO§feadjnnet

I,

II I I I

I

bPr. It, IINIO. J

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CHRISTIAN NAMES. 353

all means to correct their miafortune with their children. Smith, Brown, and lWbinson, &c., are very ingenious as regards the pains they take to make their Christian names kill their patronymics. Godolphin Smith really reads aristocratically, and Ignatius BrowD completely lifts his name out of the crowd. 1£ a man, in consequence of posseesing a careleae or ignorant father, is compelled to go through life as John Jones, he can make his BOn, and heir respectable by calling him J asper-Jasper Jonesl The Jones, it will be perceived, is not noticed behind the high-80llnding Christian name -it shrivels up out of eight. Bnt there is another way of getting out of the di1ficu1ty: instead of aneaking Ollt of your proper name in this manner, it is jU8t poasible for a bold man to "defy augury "_ to inaiat upon his name, to thrust it down his neighbours' throats by damnable itera· tion, that they shall be obliged to look upon it with l'8IIpect. Suppose, for instance, that our friend were called Jones Jones, Esq., of Jon88 Houee; there wonld be amoral swagger in the BOund, that would be sure to carry it through. Bllt there is one perplexity in naming children which cannot be easily got over. We may give that remarkably fine baby at home a remarkably fine name. Marmaduke 1I.ashleigh may fall pompoll8ly from the parson's lips; but what if he should turn out a mean-looking little shrimp! On the other hand, it is jut poasible that the twin brother, named Peter, after his paternal uncle, may turn out a magnificeJ)t specimen of the genUil 1w11W. It is of great advantage to BOme men to have even a very odd name, a name perhaps a little difficult to remember at lirat, but one which ever after bites in the memory with the tenacity of a Trotman's anchor. There are some public men whose cognomeus are BO odd, that all the world is repeating them over to themse1v88. There was Jamaetjee Jeejeebhoy, forinatance; you have to make a hurdle race over it; but once thoroughly indented into your mind, YOIl don't forget it again in a hurry. There is a very bad fashion springing up, a fashion taken from the usage of foreigll potentates, to string Christian names together with a perfectly reckleae profUBion. Monarchs who are known to the world by bllt one name seem determined to have a private stock by them. Looking over the Gotha Royal Almanac the other day, we came upon a name a1moat long enough to fly a kite with. The Emperor of BrazU rejoicea, for iDatance, in the following &88Ortment: Don Pedro II. de Alcantara Jean Charl88 L60· pold Salvador Bibrano Francesco Xavier de Paula Leocadro Michel Gabriel Raphael Gon· zaga. Our own oo'nrt have been perhaps a little influenced by this foreign fashion; otherwise, the Royal children have been charmingly named, 88pecially the prinC8¥88. Are we to have an Edward the Seventh ! We trust so, at 80me dis· tant day. The nation would never take kindly to the name of Albert, as. compared with the old familiar names of English Princes. For, as I have said before, nam88 are thinga. Half the brutality of our wife-killing king is loat in the familiar title, Harry the Eighth I and who knows how much of the affection once shown for .. Bonnie Prince Charlie" was dlle to his na~ alone tl


,I

ONCE A WEEK. - ----------- --- --" --

THE UNCONSCIOUS BODY-GUARD. part, a fresh expreseion of regret that I had paid I

A. TBAVBLLEJt'S TA.LlI:.-BUT A. nUB ONB. in ad\"ance for my whole p8II8II88 by the ordinary • IT was late in the autumn of 183-, that having line; but my informant, turning to the landlord.

finished my C01ll"8e at the University, I first cl"088ed who sat at the head of the table, said he believed I,

the Atlantic, with the intention of Bpending BOme he was an agent for both lines, and suggeated that 'I yeara in the western part of Upper Canada. A he might, perhaps, exchange the ticket I had pur- , , Bucceaaion of fierce galea, all in our teeth, kept U8 chased, for one by the preferable route. The pro-at Bea for the unusual period of fifty-seven days, poaal appeared to me BOmewhat unreaaonable ; and, , BO that I reached New York too late to proceed to as 1 thought, alao to the landlord; but about an II my destination by the Hudson and the Erie Canal, hour after we had risen from table, he brought me, I

an early frost having put a atop to the navigation unexpectedly, a ticket for the shorter line, which I, for the aeaaon. 1 felt very reluctant to undertake he gave me in exchange for mine. He had found, I BO long a journey in an American atage-coaoh, over he said, a person about to proceed from Newburg I roadB suddenly converted from the deeply-rutted to Bulfalo by the longer rollte, to whom he had dia- I

mud of the Fall, into .. hubs" as hard as atone; posed of my ticket. I went to b4!d delighted with II and would fain have delayed setting out until the my good. luck, my 1aat remembered thought being commencement of Bleighing; but my engagementa one of regret that I had not had an opportunity I,ll prevented my doing BO_ I paid my fare by a line of thanking my unknown companion at BUPper of conveyancea which undertook the tranaport of for the luggeation to which lowed it. I had _n II p8IIIBngera from New York to Buffalo in a week; him for the last time in private conversation with and reaching, at the end of the first day'. travel, the landlord, a few minutea after supper. " the town of Newburg, on the right bank of the My Bleep was of that kind which, at the age I 'I Hudson, gladly entered the principal hotel, to had then reached, four or five and twenty, geneenjoy a night'B repose. rally follows a day of fatigue. Scarcely a moment

Owing to the badneu of the roads, we did not appeared to elapse between ita beginning and it. I arrive until after the usual hour for the table-d'Mte end, which was caused by a volley of tape at my tea, or supper, as it was called, but a second table bed-room doer, and by the appearance of an objec$ , was Bpread for the few p&IIB8ngere by the atage, and BO much akin to my latest thoughts at night, one or two others as well. We were not more than that I thonght I had not Blept at all ; yet BO Itrange. six or seven in all. The conversation turned to the that the next moment I thought I had not only condition of the roads and the discomforts of travel mept but mUlt be still dreaming. This wu my at BUch a time; and I very naturally gave utter- adviser of the previous evening, who entered my ance to such sentiments as the pl'08pect of a six room, clothed in an Indian coat, &8 it W&8 then days' and aix nights' journey· in such a vehicle and called, of the very thickest blanket-cloth, with a over IUch highways as I had that day experienced, hood or capo' of the same material between the could not fail to excite in an Englishman, &CCus- shoulders, but which di1fered from any garment of tomed to macadamized roads and four-inside the kind I had yet Been, in heingof a bright grasscoaches. I expre8sed great. regret that, in my green colour, faced round the skirts with a liBt of eagerneaa to reach my destination, I had paid my brilli&nt white and acar1et. He had in his hand a whole fare through, instead of breaking BO mur- lighted candle, which he set down on my dreeaingderouB a journey into inatalments, which would table, with the worde, .. I was afraid you might have allowed me two or three nights of Bleep by oVeraleep yoursalf, and he too late for the stage," the way. My complaint seemed to arrest the at- and immediately left the room. My gratitude tention of the gueat who sat oppoaite to me, a ,for his advice on the previoUl evening was at tall, well-built man, not quite forty years of age, j first a little impaired by this officious intrusivewith dark hair, eyes, and complexion, and regular nees, for IUch, with my English id_, I conaifeatures; but whose expreaaion, when once it had I dared it, and by the sudden breaking of my engaged the eye, did not release it eaaily, while it I comfortable Blumber_ But linding that I had set the mind upon a fruitleaa ,endeavour to deter- little time to spare, I dressed hastily, and on mine what character it betokened. This person .going down Btairs, found the stage prepared to pointed out to me that, in selecting the route by at&rt with a aingle inaide paaaenger, who had which I was about to travel, 1 had involved my- ! already taken his place. I threw myself into the self in a journey of unneceB8&l"Y' length, and that oppoaite -t, and we drove oft". I might greatly shorten it, if instead. of travelling : Wrapping myself 88 warmly as I could in the along the two aidea of a right. angled triangle, as I ' buffalo robes, 88 they are,-or bison-skins, &8 they must do, by proceeding first due north to Albany, ought to be-called, with which all American carand thence nearly due west to Bulfalo, I should I riages were at that time liberally furnished, I direct my course along the hypothenuse' from resumed my broken Blumbera, until I was reNewburg, where we then were, to .Rochester_ The I awakened in about an hour by the increasing roads in this direction were, he admitted, inferior I roughneBB of the road. Endeavouring, by the in summer to those of the great angular line which i aid of the iucreasing light, to catch the appear-I had chosen, and which. traversed the moat popu- , ance of my fellow-traveller, with whom 1 had ' lous parts of the country; but, at that season, he ' not yet exchanged a word, I W&8 couaiderably said, all the roads in the Northern States were: 8urprised to see his features gather themselves alike bad, and the gain of time by the more direct into a resemblance to those of my uew acquaintline W88 auch &8 to allow the pllBBengers to 8pend ' ance; and BOOn the rays of the SUD, falling on every night of the journey, except the last, com- ' the green blanket-coat, showed me that person fortably in bed. This only called forth, on my , aitting before me. I expreaae9... I be1ieye. some-

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s.rr; lit,. 1880.] THE UNCONSCTOUS BODY-GUARD_ 355

thing of the Bllrprille I felt, at his not having country inn at Cosheoton, on the river Delaware,· hinted that he was to be my fellow-traveller. which separates the States of New York and To this he made no very distinct reply, but Pennsylvania, and as on the previoDS night, were entered into a conversation on other subjects, shown into a double-bedded room, although there which luted until we reached the halting-place was room to have lodged us separately. for breakfast. Here we were joined by une or The next day passed much as the preceding one two travellers proceeding a few atageB along our had done, but as we were entirely alone until route, and as far as I remember, we were not the evening, brought on a state of mind, arising again entirely alone until we reached, late in the from the mysterious expression of my fellow-traevening, the village of Monticello, where we veller, which became extremely painful. Intense were to pus the night. After BUpper, I was curioeity gave rille to a distressing nervousness, shown into a room containing two beds, and had which was at length changed, by certain questions hardly lain down to rest in one of them, when and obeervations of my companion, into a gloomy my companion entered, undressed in silence, and apprehension of impending eviL He inquired if ~w himself into the other. I wondered a I was accustomed to travel armed. On my giving little at this, for the inn in which we then were was an evasive answer, he observed that most Englisha spacious one, of a BUperior clUB, containing, JIl\!D, he understood, were more or less skilled in I knew, abundant accommodation, and for that boxing_ He had once, he said, _n at New York night had few travellers to lodge. an exhibition of boxing by English pugilists, and

Next morning we resumed our journey early, had been much struck by the amazing rapidity, having the stage-coach entirely to o\l1'Belves. I dexterity, and power with which they wielded the observed that my oompanion was more communi- weapons with which nature had fnrnished them. caU.ve than he had been the day before in the .. .Had I learned to box! .. p~ce of others, and _mad desirous to give me I replied that, at college, 1 had been a member iDformation of every kind which might be inte- of a gymnastic club, in which the practice of that reding to a foreigner newly arrived in the country. art had formed one of our occasional exercises. One thing I particularly remember. The products .. Then, I expect," he proceeded, .. judging by of the region through which we were pUBing the quickness of the boxers I asw at New York, formed one of our topics of convereation j and that if a man were to fire a pistol at you and having mentioned buckwheat as one of them, he mias his mark, you could _ kim up before he inquired if I had ever tasted /Jlapjad:B, a familiar had time to draw a second pistol" designation, as he told me, on inquiry, for buck- I could only answer that I should try to do so. wheat-pancakes. I replied in the negative, when If anything had been wanting to confirm my he said I should not long be unacquainted with growing fears, it was supplied by another converwhat he termed the greatest of Yankee delicacies. eation in which my companion lOOn afterwards Accordingly, on entering the inn at which we engaged me j the object of which, it soon became .topped to breakfast, he ordered some to be pre- evident, was to ascertain if I had any considerable pared for u.. and we feasted on slapjacks and sum of money on my person or in my baggage. maple-molaues. This was only one of a series Old.countrymen, he asid, in coming to America, . of similar mark. of attention which he showed generally brought with them in IOvereigns, the me during this day. I endeavoured, as politely as money which they inWided to invest in the I could, to draw him into lines of conversation by purchase of land j and this practice he thought 'Which I hoped to elicit some particu1an respect- judiciou .. as sovereigns stood at a premium both ing himself, but in vain. He evaded, without any in the United States and in Canada. But he apparent effort, all my contrivances. Looking at asid that new comers seldom received the full him from time to time, when unobserved, I strove amount of the advantage to which they were hard to form in my mind some idea of his history entitled. He added, that if I had any considerable and occupation, but without BUccesS. number to dispose of, he could introduce me to a

In one'. own country it is not difficult to draw broker at Binghampton, through which we from a fellow-traveller's dress and bearing correct were to PUB, who would deal fairly with me. I inferences as to his character and profession j but replied that I carried with me only a IIU1Iicient in a foreign land, and especially in America, it BUm for the expenses of the journey. I had, in requires a residence of more than a few days to fact, only about ninety dollars, the remains of a enable one do to so. He was evidently a man hundred which I had drawn before leaving New of limited education, although of great intelli- York. I was about to tell him the amount, butin gence. This - and that he was a native of the state of mind to which 1 had been brought, it Connecticut-was all that I oould ascertain. The occurred to me that even that sum might be 1IU1Iiexpression of bis face, and the features them- cient to tempt the oupidityof a dishonest man. selves, bore a sort of resemblance to those of During the silence which enBUed, my fears lOOn Lord Byron: but whether they betokened UBumed a definite shape. Could it be possible, I deep anxiety or deep design, great mental asked myself, that I W811 the fellow-traveller, in a lI1lffering or great villainy, 1 could not make lonely region of a strange country-of a robber, out. A mystery began to gather about the man. who wished, before executing his purpose, to I felt what in Scotland is termed .. eerie "in being ascertain the probable fruits of his crime and my alone with him, and was sensibly relieved, 1 re- capabilities of self-defence? This painful coune member, when an occasional traveller joined us in of thought was interrupted by the eutrance of a the stage for a few miles. On this, the second new passenger, who accompanied us to our haltingnight of our journey, we stopped at & decent, place for the night. A ge~ convysation com-

Digitized byL.Oogle __

356 ONCE A WEEK. [8D'r. a. 1880.

menoed, in the COUl'll8 of which my companion I day of luch perfect gloom. The weather fo:. -appeared 1_ mysterious than before, and better time put had been clear, sharp, and frosty, with I'~ disposed than 1 had thought him, and my feara bright 11UI8bine. The morning of this day w .. were in some degree allayed. overcaat and murky. An unearthly aWln_

I determined, however, this night, to leeure for reigned all round, and the atmOlphere appeared I

myaelf a separate bed·room; and accordingly, AI thickening into darkne81 that might be felt. The \' BOOn AI I had entered the inn, asked to be shown to region through which our journey lay-the nort.hone with a lingle bed, to which, although it waa an eaatern part of Pennaylvania-waa diam8l and UIl- Ii ill·fumished and comfortl_ one, I ordered my inhabited. We paaaed over mil .. of low banen luggage to be carried. When, after opper, I rocky billocke, thinly covered with IICI'Ubby oak 'i proceeded to occupy it, I found, to my lurprise, and beech, divenilled by an occasional. deeceU that the bed WAI already tenanted by a penon into a mOraBI or alluvial bottom, where the road, I' who WAI BOUDd asleep. On inquiry, I WAI told which wu a mere track over the higher grounda. I' that my travelling.companion had some time appeared for a few hundred yarda like a deep barroW' before aaked to be shown the room uaigned to me ; trench, cut through phalanx.. of dark and I that, AI my friend, he had expreaeed diapleuure at gigantio Iwamp-e1ma. Nowhere, for miles, coukl its imperfect accommodation, and obaerving ~ I be _ a ol88l'&llce, or sign of habitation. WAI a foreign gentleman, &CCUItomed to better lodg. Soon after we had changed horaea at a wretched ing, had ordered my luggage to be tranlferred to tavern about noon, anow bepn to fall, AI my another apartment, to which I WAI accordingly companion had predicted in the morning, and oonduoted. This, to my diamay, I found to be a although in amaIl Hakes, yet 10 thick 8Ild faet. double·bedded room, but I waa told that the that our pace became seri011l17 alfected. The house contained no other, except the one I had quality of the vebiol .. and the horaea had fallen oil originally been Ihown into, and which, when gradually AI we had approached this deeert put rejected on my behalf by my companion, had of the country, and both were now very bad. On been ... igned to another traveller. Here, then, I and on we plodded, through weary mil .. of 1ICrubWAI again obliged to lpend the night with the wood and deao1ation. AI the anow began to fall, object of my dialike and dread, who evidently de· the death·like ltilln_ of the air WAI broken, &lid termined to keep me in his power, by compelling a beeeze arose, which apeedily increued to a gale, II me to oooupy the aame apartment with bimaelf. But and by about three o'olock had become a violeato \'\': I bad no reaource. Nothing had oocurred which, tempest, drifting the thickly.falling Inow from the without betraying unmanly and perhapa unjuatifi. north·welt horizontally, 10 AI almOBt to blind the able luepicion and dread, could warrant me in malt· driver and the horaea, and wreathing it here &lid I'

ing a disturbance. I lay down only half.undreaaed, there 10 AI completely to obliterate the track. It and had no BOOner done 10, than my p8l'll8Cutor WAI quite olear, the driver aaid, that we could D04; entered the room, and claiming credit for the hope to reach Bingbampton that night. We might \ change of apartments he had made for me, a claim be thankfnl if we oould get AI far 81 the Um at to which I had not the hypocrisy to reapond, betook Great·Bend-a hamlet; 10 called from ita position himaelf to bed. The night WAI to me one of on a loop of the Susquehanna. It now began to I terror and misery. The morning brought with it grow dark, and he lOOn announoed to UI that he I

a alight return of cheerfulneaa and courage. It could not venture to proceed even to Great-Bend. I WAI only, however, after refiectiog that I had loat He proposed to turn aaide to a amaU conntl'y I much time at sea, and that my buain_ in Canada tavern, which he aaid lay upon the river aboU a I did not admit; of delay by the way, that I recovered mile from the point at which we then were. At , eelf·control enough to proceed on my journey. We this propoeal my feara became terribly aroueecL should that evening certainly reach Binghampton, I remembered t;hat; this driver alone, of all the II a town of conaiderable aize, where I could make people at the various inns along our route, had arrangements for a private conveyance. To provide seemed to be acquainted with my fellow·traveller, for the perile of the day, I felt a strong diapoaition and yet they evidently wished to conceal their to appropriate and conceal upon my perlOn the acquaintance, for I had aeen them convening / I

carving·knife on the breakfAlt·table (for tbia earneatly together for a conaiderable time, in a .:, morning we breakfAlted before atarting), and I remote comer of the atable·yard at the inn from should certainly have furniahed myeelf with some which the driver had come. I felt that I ... weapon of defence, had it been in my power now approaching the awful criaia, the anticipation honeatly to do 10. AI the beet thing in the air· of which had 10 long aftIicted me. Bad AI the c~tanC81, 81 BOOn aa we were _ted in the weather and roada had evidently become, they did stage, I eecret1y opened the large blade of my pen· not appear to me to alford II111Iicient re880n for knife, and held it in my hand, concealed in my diverging from our route when 10 near a proper great-coat pocket, during the day. Often, 81 I resting.place. My IUlpicionl of a ainiater deaip looked at the contracted browl and reatl_ eyea of were further strengthened by the reAection, tbM my companiou, did I calculate whethpr, in the in 10 deao1ate a region there could be no place of event of an attack, it could penetrate his blanket- entertainment frequented by travellel'l, or deeervcoat 10 AI to reach his heart. I oneyed him ing of the name-in fact, no tavern even of the all over, and weighed the merits of twenty dif· 10welt c!lau. I stated tbia objection, being deter. ferent thruata at 81 many parte of his body. mined that, at all huanla, we should push on to

The day WAI not of a comllleDon to raise my Great·Bend. But it WAI anlwered, that the inn at Rpirita. In fact, during a residence of some yeara which it WAI proposed we should atop, althuugh on the other aide of the Atlantic, I never laW a little frequented during the ~ Par.t of. year,

_ ?i9!ti~~~yL.?ogle _

II - .. -1 THE UNCONSCIOUS BODY.QUAJID. ..,

I - .... the resort of lumberera at the proper I\e8IIOn, I had been lighted, and prepared my mind for the ad that we lIhould there procure at least lOme ,wont. I put into the stove two or three addifood ad 1Ihelter; whereall, by pullhing on towards I tional billets of wood, covered the fire with uhes, Great-Bend we might perish in the anow_ It; Wall : 80 that it might last till the morning, ad resolved mapouible to resist or to escape; but the whole I to ait beside it all night. My companion ad the deme Wall now clear. The driver Wall the driver lIhortly afterwards entered the room, and accomplice of the villain who had marked me out threw themselves into two of the beds, where four days before, at Newburg, all his victim. To they loon appeared or feigned to fall into a lOund have sprung out of the carriage, all I Wall more aleep. The dreadful day I had spent Wall followed than emce on the point of doing, would have been by a night of horror. The llightest lOund made only to hasten the etroke of death, or at beat to me clutch my knife and grasp firmly the tongs periIIh under the fury of the elements.. I could do (there Wall no poker), which I conatantly held in nothing but oirer up a silent prayer, ad resolve my hand. Exhausted all I Wall with fatigue and to aell my life all dearly all I could. the watching of the previous night, even my awful

Much sooner than I had expected, we reached fears could not keep me entirely awake. The the proposed resting-place. It Wall more of a straggle between terror and the craving for aleep farmhouae than an inn, but its appearance ad Wall agoniaing, and almost maddened me. At last environa were dismal and aqualid in the extreme. : I fell uleep aeveral times, but I verily believe I If; stood on the brink of the Susquehanna, a' had not, on many of these oocuiona, spent fifteen dream here of no great width, partially frozen, seconds in the land of forgetfulneaa when I Wall but with here and there, where the water towed driven back by mons of murderous usault to the more rapidly, an unfrozen pool, the Cimmerillll horrora of my real aitnation. Under the promptdarkn_ of which contrasted awfully with the ings of the direlt rcwenge, I could find it imuniveraa1 white, ad which I could not look at ,possible to wish my worat enemy any greater but all the probable hiding.place, after a few: suirering than I endured that night. At length, houra, of my murdered body. The hoUle Wall 10 i the room, which had been lighted only by a small far a place of entertainment, that it contained a I chink of the stove-damper, which I had left open, bar for the sale of liquor, at which, on entering, began to be gradually illumined by the rays of the my fellow-traveller, for the first time during our moon. It appeared that BOOn after our arrival journey, advised, or rather etrongly preaaed me, the anow had ceued to fall; and now the moon to drink, oirering me Bome rum which he had and atara shone forth, a clear frost having succaused to be poured into a small tumbler. I I ceeded. The room having become perfectly light, 1 declined the oirer, which ouly increued my BUB- at last ventnred to lie down, but with no inten· piciona. There were no inmates but the family, tion, no ability, all I imagined, to aleep. Some whose appearance did not re_are me. Vice and time, however, after the fint unearthly crowing villainy were stamped on all their countenances. of the cock, tired nature exacted ita rights. The There were no young children among them. After bewildered mind could no longer agitate a healthy some time, a more comfortable supper than might and vigorous frame; and I sank into alumberhave been expected was provided, and I asked to the deepest, deadest aleep I ever knew. be lIhown the place in which I Wall to p_ the When I awoke it Wall broad daylight. The night. There Wall but one room for the UIe of all BUD, not the moon, Wall now pouring his rays into comers, containing four beds. I surveyed it all the apartment more brightly than in an English eme might a grave into which he Wall about to be June. My fellow traveller stood by my aide fully thrust alive; and yet I could devise no exeuae dresaed; in fact, it Wall he who had awakened for refuaing to occupy it. I thought of pretending me. He informed me that the morning Wall far .. fear of vermin, and proposing to ait by the fire advanced, but that, knowing how much I needed in the bar-room all night; but I had by this time rest, he had been unwilling to arouse me in order leArnt that the bug, although believed to be a to proceed by the stage, which had started native of North America, and to have been im- empty lOme hours before, to make ita way to ported from the New World into Europe, is ren- Great-Bend. Besides his wish that I lIhould enjoy dared utterly llOwerl8Bll-in faot becomes torpid proper rest, he had, he said, another object. I -during the terrible eold of an American winter, had never yet made a trial of aleigh travelling, and I saw that the excuse would not avail me. ad, by way of affording me a treat, all well all I eonld uBign no reuon for declining to occupy, I of making the remainder of our journey more .. before, the aame apaTtment with my fellow- I expeditioualy ad comfortably, he had engaged traveller, for, although circumstances left me no I the aleigh ad horaes of our host to convey us, by room to think of him otherwise than as a robber, a shorter road than could be travelled on wheels, he had shown me considerable kindnees, and a ACroBI the country to Binghampton. The aleigh, readin_ to do me, as a stranger, in his own way, which had been out of repair, had, he said, rethe honolUll of his country. It is true that these I quired a few holUll' labour before being fitted for marks of attention, and his occallional laboured the road, but it would be ready to start as BOOn as pi_tries and evidently affected amilea, were I had breakfasted. Although a lOund aleep had only 80 many corroborations of my Buspicions. I restored the tone of my nerves, and, aided by the But whatever I might believe, I could prove I buoyancy and animal spirits of youth, had inspired nothing. My perplexity was unspeakable. I me with coolneaa and resolution, I could not poscould not think of sleeping. I alit down for a aibly see in his unexpected proposal anything but little beside a box-stove in the bed-room, in I a new scheme, more cunning than any my enemy which, owing to the coldn_ of the weather, a fire i had yet contrived, forfllCecut~ his nefarious

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ONCE A. WEEK. I: purpose. I was to be carried, unuer pretence of' guilt is cowardly, two such men could have OYer. I

kindneea, to a diatance from the usual route of I maatared me with -. Could it be that the travellenl, into remote by-waYI, where I might be ! untrodden Inow, which covered every apot of more eecretly robbed or murdered. So fully W8I ground, rendered it impouible that a murder or

!l:!~m~:U ~ai~:e:~~~~~ I :-~~h aw::rt~~ ~~::: ~~t a::: ;: my fellow traveller'. attention, and eeemed to' on thie occuion not oppoeite to my compauioD. _ call for lOme explanation on my part, to tell him I when we travelled in the etage, but aide by Rcle, I! to his face of my luspicioDl and feare, and to off'er I could not watch his eye and expreeeion 81 I JJ.d him all I had-amounting, 81 1 have laid, to leu done on former day .. but I did not feil to o~ than a hundred di>llar&-On condition of his rid- : that his mind W81 more upon the etretch and that ding me of his hated company. he W81 more 8ilent than before. More than once I

The circumetance W8I thie. On my throwing ! he expreued an impatience at the e10wneu of our .(Iff' the coverlet, in getting out of bed, he gave a : pace, and urged the drivel' to greater 8peed. ' look. of great IUrpriae, of which a moment'l con-' After about two houn'travel, we etruck for the Bideration showed me the cauee. He saw that 1 I firet time upon the track. of another farm-eleigh, had gone to bed dreued, and, what W81 more, his I which had entered our line of road by a Bide-way. eye lighted on the tongs which lay beside me I but had already pueed on out of Bight. Thia under the coverlet, with the two ends tied tightly awakened within me a feeling of hope. In. few together with a piece of tape, 81 I had arranged I minutee we reached a road. which had been broken them during the night, in order to wield them I that morning by Beveral e1eighe and teams. aDd more eaBily 81 a weapon of defence. Be etarted, i along which we were able to advance more and expreued the surprise he felt, and I was on 'rapidly. .As we proceeded, the road was found to the point of coming at once to a full explanation I be etill better beaten, and our hOr188 trotted oat with him. But the bare poeBibility (although I I 81 if they really enjoyed their work.. It .".. oould scarcely admit it) of my being miataken 81 i evident, the driver laid, that the fannere of the to his intentiona, and a feeling of lhame, restrained ' more fertile region we had entered, who had wag me from thie open declaration of fear. I etam- been expecting mow-or e1eighing. 81 he termed mend out IOmething about eomnambuliam and it,-had loet no time in availing themselves of ita strange things done by P8J1IODI in e1eep after arrival to carry their produce that morning to fatigue or excitement. In utter perplexity as to Binghampton, to which all the tracks tended. what to do, I went to breakfast, and seeing no I began to breathe more freely 81 .1 felt myaelf other reeource, reeolved to proceed, placing my approaching the abodee of men. We were IIOW I

trust in Providence. Thus 1 etarted on my lirst drawing near a considerable market-town. to e1eigh-ride,-which, before coming to America, I which at least a hundred teams had preceded ua had looked forward to 81 a great and novel plea- that morning, and I could tIarow myself into the BUre,-with an awful presentiment that it would anna of a crowd of fellow creatures, 81 a refuge probably be my laat ride on earth. Travellere in I from the dark fiend whOle preaenoe had madNorth America descant gloriously on the jOy8 of dened me 10 long. My joy, alae I was of ehon their firet e1eigh-ride-the bright day, the bril- duration. My companion W81 becoming reetl .. ;, liant sky, the epark.ling BIlOW, the exoitement of' his brow began to knit; he looked at hie watch; the delighted rider. ehared by the equally delighted at length, Ipringing forward to the driver's ..t, horae, who finds he hae exchanged the heavy after a few ObeervatiODl regarding the road. which draught of the wheel carriage for the acarce per- I could not underetand, he whispered IOmethiDg. ceptib1e weight of the akate-borne berline or through clenched teeth, convulBively into his -.r_ cutter. All thie is delightfnl in Benaation and He had acarcely done this when the driver, deecription; but he who, like me, h81 made hie all at once foreaking the beaten highway, drove firet e1eigh-ride in the weird power of a murderer, I into a narrow opening in a denae grove of 8wampwho hae eat during it with an open knife in his e1me through which we were puaing. and urged hand 81 his only hope of life, know8 the power of I his hOr188 with savage strokee of the whip along. a firet impl'MIIion to k.ill for yean all enjoyment track by which it W8I evident no e1eigh had yet 'I from such a lOurce. I never entered a e1eigh for I pueed Bince the fall of Inow. Horror! On looking I

many wintere which did not conduct me in' at my fellow traveller, I observed in his hand a I' thought to the banks of the Susquehanna. large bowie-knife, which he had drawn £rom BOme

Our advance at firet W&l extremely e1ow, for place of conceabnent about his P8J1IOn. He tried although the 8110W, when undrifted, or "on a quickly to hide it, but muet have known that level," as it is called, 81 we found it in the shelter it had caught my eye. He looked round at me, I of the woods, was not much above a foot in depth, as I thought, once or twice in a stealthy manner, I it \\"81 quite unbrokeD. and we ploughed our way and then, ludden1y Ipringing back., resumed hia I at the rate of leu than three milee an hour. former place beeide me. 1 involuntarily made &11 01

During this time we paued through several dark eff'ort to throw myae1f out of the e1eigh. on my tracts of woodland, and near many open poole of the own Bide, and at the lIIIDle time to draw from my river, along which our route lay, which leemed to great-coat pocket my right hand with the invite my enemy to the executiOD. without further k.nife which 1 had held in it 8ince we etarted -hesitation. of his horrid deBign. The driver-our but before 1 could do either, I was drawn back b boat of the previoul night-w&l, doubtleaa, an ' the powerful arm of my IIIlII&ilant, who, to m accomplice. What could be the cauee of his 8urprise, apologised for his clumain-. just delay ! It could 8C&I"C8ly be fear, for although . if he had not seen that my m~ent h4d been

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8&rr. 22, 18«'. J THE UNCONSCIOUS BODY·GUARD. 359

voluntary effort to leap ont, but regarded it aa the result of his having stumbled against me in changing hiB seat. This waa too much. Unable longer to endure the tension of mind which bad kept me on the rack so long, I began to wish that the dreaded struggle should come and end my torture, when, all at once, making a sharp turn, we shot into a large expanse of cleared land, studded over with houses, travel'l!ed by a great road alive with flying teams and the merry jingle of Ito thousand sleigh. belle, and .oon joining this road dashed at full gallop into the square of Bing. hampton, and pulled up at the door of the hotel .

.. Strayinger '" exclaimed my companion, ad· dreeaing me, as he sprung out of the vehicle, .. come along here;" and grasping me bytbe arm like a vice, as soon 118 I had alighted, he dragged me into the hotel, up to the firet·floor,and into a bed·room which fronted on the square. Aetoniahed as 1 was, the presence of others, who had seen us enter, divested me of fear, although I saw that he Btil1 held the bowie· knife in hiB hand. Shntting the door with hiB elbow, aa he dew through it, pushing me before him. he cast off, more rapidly by far than I can relate it, his green blanket garment, then hiB coat, then an outer waietooat, which last he dung

(£ee p. 368.)

on the table before me along with the bowie·knife saying, .. Strayinger I-no wo~blige me by unripping that parcel aa fast aa you can ;" point. ing to a dat package of something. like a dimi· nUQve pillow, about eight inohes by five, enclosed in a bandana silk handkerchief, which waa neatly sown by a hundred small stitchee to the inside of the waiBtcoat behind. .Aa he said this, he stripped off another waistcoat, and proceeded with another smaller knife to separate from the two aidee of it \wo aimilar but smaller parcele. The whole waa the work of a few seconds. Then, throwing on hie green blanket coat, without any of the under·

garment , he snatched np the parcels, and flew out of . de room. Lost in wonder, with the bowie· knife still in my hand, I turned to-the window just in time to see my companion in the act of entering a door on the opposite side of the square, over which were inscribed the words, .. Chenango County Bank," just aa the clock above the entrance waa pointing to four o'clock. What could this mean! Had he gone to deposit the proceeds of former villanie8? It seemed pro· bable; but T, at all events, could now rejoice that none of my money should be added to his store. In a few minutes he returned,. with a \8JDoothened

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I 360 ONCE A WEEK. BaPr. SI, 1.... ' ~

brow and cheerful eye, and burst out into expree-I by eaying that he had recognised in him the IlOl1 I: sions of gratitude to Providence and to me, I of a neighbour of his, a wild youth, who had ron \ although for what I could not easily make out. away from his home, and to whom he embraced

"Strayinger I" at length he exclaimed, "gueaa the opportunity of giving some information aboat you was puzzled~6a8 you didn't think there his relativee, and lome good advice. He had Wal 16,000 dollan (32001. aterling) in them been glad of the excnae afforded by the anow \ parcela, in 100 dollar notea." ltonn for avoiding Great-Bend, near which he I"

I certainly mould not have snppoeed it; and said he was most apprehensive of an attack; and beginning to get a glimmering of the state of the the fall of snow had enabled him to travel by Calle, observed with a smile, grim enough, I dare croIB'paths, impaSBible except by sleighing, faster say, that I was surpriaed he should have placed a than if he had proceeded by the stage to Greatbowie·knife in the hand of a stranger like myself, Bend. This was a matter of great importance to i when exposing so much money to view. him, for he had that moming suddenly recollected. I,

" What," said I, "if J had clutched the parcel that a large bill, to the taking-up of which a 1 you desired me to detach from your waistcoat, portion of the money he carried was destined., , and returned your bowie-knife into your heart would fall due at the bank that day; and he had instead of your hand I II never, he said, in all his life failed to meet at the I,

•• I had no fear of that, II he replied. "From proper time a commercial obligation. His ques- I the moment I 8&W you at Newburg, I 8&W by tions as to &I'IIlII, and his observations on boxing. " your face you was an honest man. II were prompted by a desire to kuow the value of

"Most devoutly do I wiah I could have leen my aid if he should be attacked; and his alluaion 1

the same by yours," J cried out; "it would have to travelling with money had naturally grown out saved me mauy an hour of wretchedness! II of his own apprehensions. His taking out of the I

We now entered upon an explanation. He bowie-knife, which had caused me such alann, he called for some refreshment, and told me his accounted for by saying that in his fear of not story. It was briefly this : reaching the bank in time, he had thonght for a

His name, as I now learnt for the fint time, was moment of proceeding while in the sleigh, &I we Peter Richarda. Commencing life by opening a were flying along the Bhort cut which at his country store in a neighbouring county, he had request the driver had taken, to rip up his secret i been a prospero1\S man. Combintng, like many repoBitoriee, so &B to be ready to drive at once to AmericanB in country places, half-a-dozen diffl!rent the bank on reaching Binghampton, with the occupatiol18-lltorekeeper, ta~mer, farmer grist money in his hand. He laughed heartily when and Baw miller-he at length, a yea.r· or two b!lfore told of the terror he had occasioned me in spring-I met him, purchased in partnership with a friend, ing back to his seat. from the Government of Pennsylvania, the right .All was now explained. The man J had dreaded of cutting timber, or lumbering, O\'er a vast tract. was as fearful as myself; and had been relying of wild land in the northern part of that Stato. on me for the protection of his life, while I His partner had the immediate supervision of the thought he was thirating for mine! I breathed lumberen, and resided on the spot. My COIQ.- more freely than I had done for the lut three \: panion's own home was in the State of New l:"Qrk, days. which we had re-entered that morning. and l\ot By this time the stage, whioh we had out- I:! above twenty miles from whero we thep. were ; Btripped by croIBing the country, had arrived I and it was his practice four times a year to visit from Great-Bend, and 1 was to proceed by it on I

the lumber district, carrying with him the JII'oY my journey; my companion's ronte homeward I,

earned by the numeroUB hands employed by the lying in a different direction. He expressed very I firm during the preceding quarter. He then pro.; great regret for the misery he had caused me, and ceeded to the maritime tOWDS to which the timber pressed me to accompany him to his home, and to was floated down, and having obtained payment accept of his hOBJlitality for Bome days. But my for it from the purchMel"ll, returned to his home engagements would not allow me to do BO. And in western New York, bringing with , him a to tell the truth, although J had, 'Or coune, entirely Bufficient Bum of money for the next qua.rter's changed my opinion of the man, and saw before payment of the lumber-gangs, which he lodged in we parted that he was well-known and esteemed

. the bank I had seen him enter that day; until, at Binghampton, I could not all at once change the after a few weeks' rest at home, he should again feelings with which for some days and nights I Bet out on his quarterly round. He added, that had regarded him. [wa.s glad to separate from on the afternoon on which we had met at New- him. I gave a shudder of dread, or quiver of burg, he had received a myaterioUB hint that he delight, I know not which to call it, as I shook was known to travel with large SUlDB of money, hands with him; and often, for months thereafter, and that he might be waylaid, and perhaps mur- my sleep was haunted by visions of his tall form. dered. Being naturally a fearleaa man, he resolved and mysterion8 countenance, his green blanket II, to proceed; and on seeing me had conceived the coat, and bowie-knife. If Peter Richards is still idea of making me his companion by the way, &B alive (and if so he cannot be very much above II a guard against nightly surprise-for he was a sixty). his eye may light on this narrative; and if very sound sleeper-and as a help in case of he mould think BOme portions of it too highly 1\ attack. This explained hiB determination to have coloured, he will own that the revenge is slight me always beside him at night. He accounted for for the misery I endured while serving as his I his private conversation in .heBtll.ble·yard with the uncoDBcioUB body.guard through the wilds of the I driver who was to have taken us to Great-Bend, Suaquehanna. LAlm£ r-..CoPPKL 1CLIN& 1

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BuT. It, 1860.J LAST WEEK. 361

LAST WEEK.

DB 1II0RTUIB. A. PEW months back if you had numbered up

the rulers of Italy, you would have found the list tostandth~

TaB lbrPDOB 01' A178'!BLl. TBB Pon. TBB KUIQ 01' &BDIlfU. TaB KI!lG 01' TBB Two SItlILIBI. TBB GIWIl> DVKB 01' T~JI1'. TaB DVKB 01' KODDA. TaB Dvos .. 01' PABJU.-I'OB aBB &!I.

Four of them, in racing phrase, have been IICl'&tched-the four last. The Emperor of Austria haa been beaten in one great battle after another, and baa lost that fair province of Lombardy which 'Was one of the brighteet jewela of the Imperial crown. He still holds Venetia by force of arms; but not the V enetiana. Venice is an Auatrian barrack. but every one of its inhabitants who could pull a trigger, and make his escape. baa Bed from the city, as from an aocursed place. The Pope is still at the Vatican, thanks to the presence of the French regiments, but without the walla his authority is only supported by a rabble of foreign mercenaries under the command of an Algerine General. In all probability, by the time these linea are published, his authority there will be at an end, save in that unfortunats province which wi~ cruel raillery is known as the Patrimony of St. Peter. This province contains not quite half • million of inbabitants, divided thua :-Rome aud Comarca, 326,509; Civita Vecchia, 20,701 ; Viterbo, 125.324. Elsewhere within the Ponti· fical States. fervet DpWl, the work of the deliverer is proceeding fast. A week ago the Sardinians entered the Ponti6cal States in force, and took Pesaro. Although it seems likely that General Lamoriciilre may make a brief stand, he is opposed to a power which. with reference to any force of which he can disP08P, is irresistible. Victor Em· manuel already Bpeaks in the tone of what our French neighbours would call the "master of the situation." He tells the deputation from Umbria and the "Marches that he is prepared to rid Central Italy of one continual cause of trouble and discord -to wit, the Pope. II I intend," he adds, "to respect the _t of the Chief of tbe Church, to whom I am ever ready to give, in accordance with the allied aud friendly Powers, all the guarantees of independence and security which his misguided advisers have in vain hoped to obtain for him from the fanaticism of the wicked sect which conBpiretJ agaifl8t my authority, and against the liberties of the nation." Pretty strong language this, con· sidering that His Holine.. is the object of the rebuke! In a very few days, from the Alps to Reggio there will be a single King of Italy, who, in addition to his dominions on the mainland, will rule over the two noble islands of Sicily and Sar· dinia, Venetia, and the Patrimony of St. Peter, are the only two bIota upon this fair picture. What next! The men of impulse and enthusiasm are of opinion that the time has" come for com· pleting the work. Politicians of a more thoughtfnl and forecasting turn of mind would have Victor Emmanuel throw down his baton in the

lists, and declare that for the time enough is done. Let him consolidate his work. Before the Lom· bard campaign of last year a calculation was made by the French military authorities as to the amount of force which would be neceasary in order that Italy, when single·handed, might maintain a com· bat with Auatria upon an even balance of chances. The result of their calculations was, 200,000 diaci· pliw troops, 20,000 of them cavalry; 500 pieces of field artillery; 200 siege guns; and these ficld guns would require at the least 50,000 draught horses. The Frenchmen said that the indispensable and preliminary condition of raising and maintain· ing mcb a force W&I ten years of independence. In a struggle between an established Government and a nation, as M. de Sismondi fairly enough says, the former has many advantages, such as rapidity of information, soldiers, arsenals, for· tresses, finances, credit, and rapidity of communi. cation. The Lombard campaign was essentially a duel between A uatria and France. The result proves nothing as far as the chances of a contest between Auatria and unaided Italy are concerned. The friends of Italian indepeudence look with apprehension to the next move in this great game.

Since Garibaldi landed in Sicily well nigh every telegram from BOUthern Italy, has been the record of a miracle. At the trumpet's blllt, the walla of fenced cities have fallen down. Armies have melted away-fleets have been as though they were not. Dominion baa passed away like a dream from the last of the Neapolitan Bourbons. Francis II. ran away from his capital, with a bad joke upon his lips. "Your and our Don Peppino is at the gates," W&I his Sicilian Majesty's Bub· lime remark to the national gnards just before his departure. The royal jest was not very dignified, but it contained a good deal of truth. Had Gari· baldi entered Naples at one end with a carpet.bag in his hand, the king muat have quitted it at the other. Precisely the same thing might have been ssid of every Italian ruler, save in so far as Austrian and French bayonets kept ·him in his place. There baa been a general idea in England that the Italian governments were bad, but no one who has not lived in Italy some time between 1819 and 1859, knoWB how bad they were-how cruel and oppresaive to the people. Bu.t of all these governments the Pope's was the worst-it W&I the very worst in Enrope. Now that Gari· baldi baa purged the Two Sicilies of the B"urbons, we lD&y cease to apeak, or to write of the atrocities they committsd during the last forty years of their rule. De mortui8-Bpeali good, or say nothing of the dead. Bu.t the Pope is still alive as a ruler, and as 80me weak·minded individuals may still have qualms of conscience as to the pro· priety of expunging his name from the list of European princes, we would say a. few words about his doings. and the doings of his prede. cessors. In the Papal States, until 1859, with the exception of the rich country immediately about Bologna, the soil was out of cultivation; the roads were infested with brigands. There was no com· merce. As Masaimo D'Azeglio wrote,-"That part of Italy. plllCed ou two seas, on the hiJ,(h road to the East, rich in minerals, with a most fertile soil, inhabited by a populat~n who!1l Providence

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362 ONCE A WEEK.

has bountifully bestowed quickneas, foresight, energy, strength and boldneaa; has two auch harboUl'8 as Ancona and Civita Vecchia empty." There was univeraal misery-the want of food. of clothing, of ehelter. The prisona were full of atate prisoners who had in any way given um· brage to the prieata. There were apies at every corner; and every confeuional contained a apy, who could extract from a man's nearest relation, revelations, or suggestions which were worked to his destruction. With regard to the prisoners, sometimes their very existence was forgotten. If ever the person accused was brought to trial-we speak. of political offenders-he was never con· fronted ~th the witn_ who appeared against him-the names were never revealed to him. The court which had pre· determined his ruin, a88igned to him a nominal defender-his moat dangerous adveraary. Torture was used to extract confeMion, as may be seen in an edict publiehed by Cardinal Antonelli, on the 30th of July, 1855. Besides what was done by the immediate agents of the Pope, Austria took a great ehare of bloody work off his banda. Papalmbjecta were taken in batches before the Austrian courts-martial, and dealt with according to the amenities of Austrian military 1&11'. It has been clearly eatabliehed, and the English Consul at Ferrara at the time knew the facts, that in the beginning of the year 1853, political prisoners of the Pope were tortured by the Austrian jailors.. They were beaten, they were starved; they were bent in the form of hoopa; they were informed that a firing party was waiting for them; they were kept without sleep, and in the middle of the night their keepers would come in and ahake a hook and a halter before their eyes. The country was govllrned by foreigners,-Spaniarda, Frenchmen, Germans. The collection of the common taxes COlt 31 per cent; of the revenue derived from salt and tobacco, 46 per cent. ; from the lotto, 62 per cent. In nine years' time, between 1848-57, 1,000,0001. wu paid to fOJ;8ign troopa for keeping down, andoccasion arising-butchering the Pope'a aubjects. From 1814 to 1857, the sum of the papal revenues had amounted to 75,500,0001. : all of which has been wrung from the wretched inhabitants of the country, being other than prieata, and the owners and holders of eccleaiaatical property. There is no commerce-no trade, no manufacturea in this unfortunate country; and as taxation scarcely touches the principal landed proprietors, the condition of 1_ considerable persona may be imagined. The ,river Po threaten. continually to overflow.

The acknowledged project of the French Ruler is to reduce the Pope to the condition of the Ecclesiastical Emperor of Japan-leaving Victor Emmanuel to be the actual Sovereign of Italy. Wbat his real projects may be he acarcely knows himself. At the present moment it is clear th.t the presence of the l!'rench troops in Rome, and in the Patrimony of St. Peter's, constitutes the chiefnay, the only obatacle to the liberation of Italy from Reggio to the Mincio. It is a fearful atab in the back from a sovereign who claima to be the Liberator of Italy. So long as the Pope is at Rome, Rome will be the centre of eccleaiaatical

intrignes extending throughout the Peninmla. So long as the Pope is at .Rome, there will always be a pretext for foreign interference. So long .. the Pope is at Rome, the apeIl of Italy'B long a1avery is not wholly diBBolved. The po8888Iion of Rome, in a moral sense, wonld be worth three auOCeBBfol battles to the Italian cause. Aa a temporal prince. the Pope has been found wanting, and .hould be numbered with things which have been, and which must be no more. When this end is achieved, we may have done with the mbject; as we have done with the atrocities of the Bourbon at Naplee and in Sicily. Happy will that moment be 'When the Pope and his aucceaaors can say with truth to their auailanta-" De 7IIortuu •..

BBlN 00 BRA.GH. TmmB is nothing 80 long-lived as an ide&.

Stone and marble decay-other monumenta of human greatn_ are the inheritance of the moth and the worm, but convictions Burvive the aBBanlta of Time, and of Time'. unweaned agents. A state of things was, therefore it is; it is not, therefore it ahould be. Ciroumatancee may chanp-the billowB of one moment may be the scattered spray of the next, but certain minda are 80 constituted that they cannot bend to the evidence of facta. We need not seek far for instances; but the sin. gular pertinacity with which some of our Irish fellow subjects atill a88ert that Ireland is the mod oppreBBed and injured country under heaven, is a curiooa proof of indifference to the realities of life. A t the present moment there is not one spot upon the earth'a mrface where there is more real liberty than in Ireland-where men can more freely go whflre they like, write what they like, do what I

they like, and say what they like; but, for all that, the Irish are atill a persecuted, the Engliah a I

persecuting people. Until he played fast _d looae with the Pope'a interests, Louie Napoleon was a demigod in the eyes of these poor Celtic sufferers. Now, Louie Napoleon would have &eDt the editor and the whole staff of TM N atio" to Cayenne, with very little ceremony or trial, within twenty-four hoUrI after publication of one of the usual numbers of that interesting newspaper. H any Frenchman ventured to whisper to his neighboUl'8 in a corner one quarter of what any Irishman ehouts out from the house·topa in the way of I

eedition and treason, the tranquillity of mauy French families would be seriously compromiaed.. H a party of Frenchmen had come over here to present LoTd Clyde with a aword on his returD from India, and had done 80 not without BOme I

insinnations as to the superiority of England over i I France in all the martial virtues, and had inter· '1 larded their complimentary addreBB with denun- I' ciations of the French Government, what kind of welcome would they have received on their return II to their native country! Daniel O'Connell had I~' much truth on his aide when he wu struggling for Catholic emancipation, and many true picturea he drew of lrieh misery when speaking of the Irish peasant of his day_ All this is changed, but the Irish cuckoo atill gives forth her monotonous II note when all occasion for it is gone. Tom Moore I has a great deal to answer for. He it wu who first invested mourning Ire1and with the garb of ' poetry. The notion was that of a beautiful YOUDg Ii

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eaonlent upon the other, and the sword would have been perfectly well decorated. It would not be fair, however, to omit all mention of the inacrip. tion, which is in Irish and French characters. For the convenience of the general reader we confine ouraelves to the French version:

L'Irelande opprim6e au brave IIOldat Patrice Maurice de MacMahon, Marecbal de ll'ranoe, Duc de Magenta, descendant de B8B ancieoa Rois.

'Woman, with pale skin and dark hair, rather t&ll, imperfectly clad, sitting by a waterfall, and playing on a harp in mm mournful fashion. Sometimes the young lady was a widow, BOmetimee a lovely but BOrrowful virgin. In either cue ruth· lees oppreaaol'll had burned her modeet honae to the ground, and butchered all her n_t relatives without any show of justice. Who that had a man's heart within him would not be willing to bke a young ladY'1 part under these dietreuing cil'CUlll8tancea! lmagine your own wife, your The slight shown to the English language is so sieter, or your daughter, sitting in teal'll by the painful to one's feelings that it is really not to be waterfall in question, and playing on a little harp lpoken or thought about. Imagine a French a series of ain in minor keys, and surely you deputation to come over to England for the pUrwould be BOrry for her. It is a great pity when pose of presenting a beautifully bound copy of the a nation selects such a type as this as emblematic Chancery Reports to the present Master of the of their aspirations and condition. Irishmen have Rolla on the ground that he is a deecendant of a 'Walked about the world with their banda in their refugee family who escaped from the tyranny of pockets in a state of sorrow for this pale young Louis XIV. after the Revocation of the Edict of woman; and tben voted her to be nothing more Nantes-and on the fly.leaf let the inscription be nor less than their native land. On the whole it seen-seemll probable that if you could induce a people Oppreaaed France to the keen-witted judge, The to adopt BOme bird, beast, or fish, as their national Right Honourable Sir John Romilly, Knt., MlI8ter of symbol. they would gradually conform tbeir the Rolla, the desceDdant of former French fllgitives methode of thought and aspirations to what might from former French tyrants. be IUPpoeed to be the thoughts and aspirations of Only let the experiment be tried, and let the the animal selected as their model or example. deputation set their fset again for five minutes on An Englishman likes to act in a taurine manner French BOil, and we should speedily see on which becauae he is John Bull. A stunted French cor- side of the narrow seas Liberty has fixed her pora! quivel'll with emotion under trying circum- abiding place. stances when he reflects that he is bound to MURDER WILL OUT. emulate the action. of an eagle. IT would have been of moat dangerous couse-

Passing from mere animal to human types, a quence to the community if two luch murders as citizen of the United States will think himself those which have recently been perpetrated at justified in adopting very astute measures for the Road, and at Stepney, had passed undetected. To furtherance of his private fortunes by reference to say that the murderer does not take the chance of an imaginary Unole Jonathan-a aalloW', hard- impunity into account, is to say that which is featured mr.n-with an eternal wink. Thus it is directly contrary to the experience of all persona with our Irish fellow·subjects. Nothing can who have been engaged in the detection and punish. knock this pestilent harp and pale young woman ment of crime. Save in those cases where murder out of their heads. Ireland is still a weeping is the result of a certain outhurst of p88llion or female, and England a cruel hnabr.nd who, under jealousy, the murderer calculates his chances of the improved state of the laW', should be committed eaoape .. coolly .. a chess.player would take into for six months to prilIon with hard labour, r.nd be account the probabilities of a game. The wretched bound over to keep the peace. young shoemaker who alew his sweetheart the

How Marshal MacMahon, who, despite of his other day on account of a lover's quarrel. of course Iriah descent is a Frenchman to the backbone, cared but little whether he was taken or not. must have been puzzled with this sword, and still Life to his distempered fancy was a burden of more with the addreea with which it was accom· which he was anxious to rid himself, and he panied I Never Bince the days of Brian Boroimhe walked red·handed through the public streets after was there ever such an Irish sword as this. It the commission of the crime, without making any was made of Irish steel, and ornamented with effort to save himself. The Irish Ribbon murIrish tracery copied expreeely from apecimens in derer, however, took chances into account. As loon the Irish Academy at Dublin. The hilt was of as the probabilities of his _pe from the handa of bog.oak, ornamented with Irish amethysts, beryls the police fell to zero, he gave up the contest in and precioul ltones. On one side is the figure of I despair. The ordinary burglar has ceased to a harper striking his harp; then there is a round murder, as well as to rob the premises into which tower, a sunburst, and of course ehamrocks in I he has made his way, for he well knows that he will great profusion. On the other side of the acab- I BOOn feel the tap of the policeman on his shoulder, bard there is the figure of an Irish gallowg_ . with a hint that he is .. wanted" for that last drawing his sword, and a carved eroB8 after the ' business in which he was enga~d, and he has no model of the r.ncient atone croaeea of Ireland. I deeire to run the risk of forfeiting his life for the Indeed, beyond a ahillelagh and a pig-or, as it is I higher offence. Well·nigh all the great murders called in Ireland, a" slip, "-we know not what -the MU8e8 dlNn-u of blood in our day-have other emblem could be eelectsd as illustrative of been mm deliberately planned, and carried out Irish life. To be sure, there might have been a with every circumstance of cool premeditation. sample of a waxy potato on one side of the acab- : Think of Rush and his attack upon Mr. Jermy'a bard, r.nd a mealy sl>ecimen of the same admirable I house; the murderer had JDade his flreparations

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just as a soldier would who was about to attack a had ou hie fee' at the time the MarCh was made. hoatile fort. Think of Palmer, and hie purchasea Nodoubt,nowthahnlpicion-orsome\hingmoreof strychnine. ThiI fellow walked about Lon- iI filted upon a partioular man, many ~ don all day_d whilat dabbling in horae buai- will be mada, and many points will be inquired n_, oontrived to Blip into the ohemiat'. ahop into, which will effectually allay all doubts .. to where he bought the deadly poison, and went hiI guilt or innocence. On the whole, it __ I

down by train with his victim'a life in hiI pocket. more probable that it wall 1_ the desire to obtain When the Manninge invited their friend down- the reward, than a nervoua aDltiety to _ the I

ataira to wash hie hana. in the back kitchen, hie reaponaibility of the crime fixed upon another grave was already dug in the lCullery. They had man, which induoed MulliDl to give to the police worked at it for daya and nights befonohand. It that information which has told with auch fearfal ia not reasonable to suppoae that where murderera e1l"eot againat himaelf. uae 80 much forethought upon all the details of LA. GLOlRB. their crime, they do not take the chan08ll of impu- TmI tranacendant importance of the IUbjd nity into account. All their precaUtiODl are indeed must be an 8ltcuae for adding a few worda to the directed to aecuring for themaelvea as many statements which we made laat week about the chancea of impunity as p08lible. new iron Frenoh ahip of war. When we say of

The Road murder is atill veated in impenetrable iron, it ia meant that ahe is protected all over with mystery. Sir George Lewis, no doubt, elterciaed an iron cuiraaa, which rendell her impenetrable to a moat wiae discretion in declining to make the ahot or ahell. For a long time the French nanI myatery a pretext for the iaaue of a apecial com· authoritiea had maintained a strict ailence upon miaaion, which was to take evidence in the matter the aubjeot. Indeed, they had done something according to aome fashion not in uae amonget our more, for they had actually taken paine to cast criminal lawyell. If the administration of the diaoredit upon the e1l"ortII of their own engineen. criminal law can be improved, let theae improve. They ~ve now thrown oft' the mask with a wi~ menta be at once introduced for the benefit of aU. n888, and brag of their triumph in terma which Let DB not hear of exceptional prooeedinge in can leave no doubt that, to their own apprebenllion, any caae simply becauae it iI aurronnded with the veaae1 is a moat oomplete and aaaured triumph myatery, and because publio feeling ia much elt· of the naval engineer'a art. Let DB take this cited upon it. This iI just one of the instancea matter aerioue1y into aooonnt; for, if true, it in which peraons accuaed, or auapecteci, require all meana nothing 1888 than the neoeallity for an enQre the protection which the forma of law can throw re·conatruction of the British navy. Here are I

around them, unl_ we wish to revive the daya of a few notes of her dimenaioDl and performancea. the Star Chamber, and of High CommialiioDL La Gloire is 250 feet long, by 51 wide. At There ia happily one peraon whoae ... istance can the height of IIix feet above the water, ahe hu a almost alwaya be depended upon in the detection battery of thirty.four gune of the moat powerful of murder, and that ia-the murderer himself. kind. On the forecastle ahe has two long.range That wretched sot Manning, when at the little pieces; on the qnarter-declr. an iron redoubt, to inn at Jeraey, would turn the converaation every protect the commander during action. Her speed evening in the tap.room upon the subject of the has reached 13 1·10 knots over measured ground. murder in whioh he had been engaged, nntil at On a ten houra' trip, her average rate WIll

last auapicion fell upon him, and he was taken. 1231-100 knota, with all fires lighted; with haH- I

It ia hard for a murderer not to do too much or too fires, 11 knots. She pitohea gently in a -. little. It i. difficult to walk ahout with such a and rolla with regularity. A proof that our neigh. bnrden at your heart, and to look your fellowa in boUll are in dire earnest in thiI matter ii, tbM the face as if it was not there I they are actually constructing ail[ or aeven ahipe

What an inatance of thia we have in this man upon the same model. The hesitation of the Eng. I

Mullins, if it should, after an, tum out that he is liah Admiralty to engage in eltperiments of 80

the murderer of Mrs. Elme1ey. There was no OO8tly a kind is Jntel1igible enough; but a time ' reason why he ahould apeak. He had oulyto hold arrives at last wheu an improvement of this hia tongue, and apparently he was eafa, if he had IOn in marine architecture C88888 to be an ex· also taken common precautiona to "lace any artiolea periment. Our people eay that they have inaRwhich he had abatracted from the houae in proper tuted experiments at the variODB porta as to the placea for concealment. AD ciroumstancea as degree of reaiatance which iron plates can ofFer ~ they stand at present tell fearfully against him. to a well·directed fire, and that the results have He leads the police to an outhonse in which, accord not been such as to encourage them to follow in ing to hia own atatement, he had seen the man i the stepa of France. But ia it so clear that one of Emma depollit a packet at a certain hour. He I theae iron·onir8lllled vesae1a would ever be exposed points out the very spot in which the packet was to snoh a fire as that which is eltperimentally deposited, when the police had begun to flag in directed against these maaaea of iron platea? May I

their researches. He statea an hour at which he not their resistance be enough for all practical law Emma place the packet there; at that hour it purpoaes, although they cannot withstand th_ is proved tbat Emma was in his bed. The packet, crucial teats? If La Gloire ia a mistake, of when opened, did actually contain varioua articlea courae there is no barm done; but if abe be whioh must have bt-en taken from Mra. Elmaley'a really a Bucceae, the dominion of the .... is no bouse after the murder. It wall tied with an eud ' longer oure until we are prepared to avail our· II of wed axed string, and with the veryhsame khi!chnd hof I aelvea of theae new improvements in nan! ,I wax string were tied the very a oea wei architecture. G I I

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Sar. 20, mo.] EVAN HARRINGTON; OR, BE WOULD BE A GENTLEMAN, 366

EVAN HARRINGTON; OR, HE WOULD BE A GENTLEMAN. BY GEORGE KUBD1TH.

CHAPTER XLIV.--cQIiTAlIiS A WARNJliG TO ALL

• COIiSPlRA TORS.

THIs, if you have done me the favour to read it aright, haa been a chronicle of desperate heroism on the part of almost all thll principal personages represented. But not the Countess de Saldar, ecaling the embattled fortress of Society; or Rose, toeaing its keys to her lover frum the shining turret· tops ; or Evan, keeping bright the lamp of self-respect in his bosom against south wind and east; or Mr. John Raikes. consenting to a l,late of tin that hia merits and honours mlly be the better propagated, the more aurely acknowledged ; none excel friend Andrew Coggleehy, who, having fallen into Old Tom's plot to humiliate his wife and her sisters, simply for Evan's sake, and with· out any distinct notion of the terror, confusion, and universal upset he was bringing on his home, could yet, after a scared contemplation of the acene when he returned from his expe.lition to Fallowfield, continue to wear his rUtlful Ulask ; could yet persevere in treachtlrously outraging his lofty wife, though the dreatl of p.lSlIihle cnnsequences went far to knock him down aixty timee an hour, could yet (we must have a climax)

'Wnr ."',.

maintain hiB'naughty false bankrupt cheerfulneu to that injured lady behind the garruloUB cur. tains!

He did it to vindicate the ties of blood against accidents of position. Was he justified? I am sufficiently wise to ask my own sex alone.

On the other side, be it said (since in our modem days every hero must have his weak heel), that now he had gone this distance it was difficult to recede. It would be no laughing matter to tell his solemn Harriet that he had been playing her a little practical joke. His temptations to give it up were incessant and most agitating; but if to advance seemed terrific, there was, in stopping sbort, an awfulness so overwhelming that Andrew abandoned himself to the current, his real dismay adding to his acting powers.

The worst was, that the joke was no longer his : it was Old Tom's. He discovered that he was in Old Tom's hands completely. Andrew had thought that be would just frighten the women a bit, get them down to Lymport for a week or so, and then announce that matters were not 80 bad with the Brewery as he had feared; conclnding the farce with a few domestic fireworks. Conceive his dis·

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366 ONCE .A WEEK. [SBl"l'. S. 1810.

may, when he entered his house, to find there a ! Resting his eyee full on Harriet a minute, man in possession I i Andrew dropped them on the savourleas white-

.o\ndrew Bew into such a rage that he committed rimmed chop, which looked as lonely in his plate an _ault on the man. So ungovernable was his as ita parent dish on the table. The poor dear passion that for some minutes Harriet's measured creature's pocket. money hBd paid for it I The voice summoned him from over the bannisters thought, mingling with a rush of emotion, made above, quite in vain. The miserable Englishman I his ideas spin. Bis imagination surged deliriously. refused to be taught that his house hnd ceased to He fnncied himself at the Zoological Gardens, be hili castle. It was something beyond a joke, exchanging pathetic glances with a melancholy this! The intnlder, perfectly docile, seeing that marmoset. Wonderfully like one the chop looked! by accurate calculation every shake he got in· There was no use in his trying to eat it. Be volved a bottle of wine for him, and ultimate com· sceme<l to be fixing his teeth in solid tears. Be pensation probably to the amount of a couple of • choked. Twice he took up knife and fork, put sovereigns, allowed himself to be lugged upstairs, them ~own again, and plucking forth his hand· in default of summary ejection on the point of kerchief, blew a tremendous trumpet, that _t Andrew's toe into the street, There he was faced the Countess'. eyes rolling to the ceiling. aa if to the lady of the house, who apologised to him, heavcn were her sole refuge from such vulgarity. and requested her husband to state what had made .. Damn that Old Tom!" he shouted at Jut, , him gnilty of this indecent behaviour. The man I and pitched book in his chair. showed his papers. They were quite in order. I .. .Mr. Cogglesby!" and .. in the presence of "At the suit of Messrs. Grist." ladies!" were the admonishing interjections of

.. My own lawyers!" cried Andrew, smacking the listers, at whom the little man frowned in his forehead, and Old Tom's devilry Hashed on him turns. at onoo. He sank into a chair. "Do you wish us to quit the room, air!" in·

"Why did you bring this person up here!" quired his wife. said Harriet, like a spenking statue. "God LIen your soul, you little darling!" be

.. My dear I " Andrew answered, and spread out apostrophised that stately person. .. Bere, come his haud, and waggled his head; .. My-please! along with me, Barry. A wife's a wife, I say-1-1 don't know. 'Ve all want exercise." haug it! Just outside the room-just a second!

The man laughed, which was kindly of him, or up in a corner will do." but offensive to Mrs. Cogglesby, who gave Andrew Mrs. Cogglesby was amazed to see him jump up a glance which was full payment for his imbecile and run round to her. She was prepared to depleasantry, and promised more. fend her neck from his caress, and refused to go;

With a hospitable inquiry aa to the condition of but the worda, .. Something particular to tell yoa." his appetite, and a request that he would be awakened her curiosity, which urged her to com· )'leased to sati,fy it to the full, the man was dis· pliance. She rose aud went with him to the door. mined: whereat, aa one delivered of noxious "Well, sir; what is it?" presencea, tbe Countcu rustled into Bight. Not No doubt he was acting under a momentary noticing Andrew, she Iiaped to Harriet: .. Mis. weakneu: he was about to betray the plot and fortunes are sometimes no curses! 1 bIen the take his chance of forgiveness: but her towering catarrh that has confined Silva to his chamber, port, her commanding aspect, restored his courage.. and saved him from a bestial exhibition." (There may be a contrary view of the cue). He

The two ladies then swept from the room, and enclosed her briskly in a connubial hug. and reo left Andrew to perspire at leisure. marked with mild eeetasy: "What a duck yoa

Fresh tribulations awaited him- when he aat are, Barry I What a likeneu between you and down to dinner. Andrew liked his dinner to be your mother," comfortable, good, and in plenty. This may not Mrs. Cogglesby disengaged herself imperio1llly. seem strange. The fact is stated that I may win Had he called her aBide for tbis gratuitous insult! for him the warm sympathies of the borly of his Contrite, he saw his dreadful error. countrymen. Be was greeted by a piece of cold " Harry I I declare !--" was all he waa allowed boiled neck of mutton and a solitary dish of to say. Mrs. Cogglesbymarched back to her chair, steaming potatoes.' The blank expanse of table· and recommenced the repast in majestic silence. cloth returned his desolate stare. Audrew sighed; he attempted to do the same.

.. Why, wbat's the meaning of tbis!" Andrew He stuck his fork in the blanched whiskerags of brutally exclaimed, as he thumped the table. his marmoset, and exclaimed: .. I can't I ..

The Countess gave a start, and rolled a look as He was unnoticed. of piteous supplication to Ipare a lady's nerves, .. Y •. u do not object to plain diet!" said Harriet addressed to a ferocious brigand. Harriet answered: to Louisa. .. It means that T will have no butcher's bills." .. Oh. no! in verity!" murmured the CounteIL

.. Butcher's bills I buteher's bills! " echoed An· "However plain it be I Absence of appeUte. drew; "wby, you must have butcher's bills; dearest. You are aware 1 partook of luncheon at; why, confound I why, you'll have a bill for this, mid.day with the Honourable and Reverend Mr. wou't you, Harry' eh! of course '" Duffian. You must not look condemnation at

.. There will be no more Lills, dating from your Louy for that. Luncheon is not conversion!" yesterday," said his wife. Harriet ob~erved that this might be true j but ... What I this is paid for, then f" still, to her mind, it was a mistake t.o be too inti·

.. Yes, Mr. Cogglesby; and so will all hOUBe· mnte with dangerous people. .. And beaid-." hold expenses be, lI')ille my l'ocket.moneylaata." she added, .. Mr. Du1Iian ~no IonlCr • the

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" 8KPr.~;--~AN HARR~~;O;~-OB,-~ ~OULD BE A G~. 367

Reverend. ' We deprive all renegades of their I a gentleman W8I a gentleman. And, oh! how spiritual titles. HiB worldly ones let him keep I" ahe pitied her poor Harriet-eternally tied to a

Her .uperb diadain nettled the CountesB. most vulgar little man, without the gilding of "Dear Barriet I " she said, with 1_ languor, : wealth .

.. You are utterly and totally and entirely mis- .. And a fool in bia buaineaa to boot, dear ~ " taken. I tell you so poBitively. Renegade! The .. These oompariaoDB do no good." said Barriet. application of Buch a word to Buch a man I Oh! .. Andrew at least ia not a renegade, and never and it ia false, Harriet: quite! Renegade means ahall be wbile I live. I will do my duty by him, one who has gone over to the Turka, my dear. I however poor we are. And now, Louisa, putting am most certain I saw it in Johnson'. Dictionary, my husband out of the question, what are your or an improvement upon JoboBon, by a more intentions! I don't :understand bankruptcy, but learned anthor. But there ia the fact, if Harriet I imagine they can do nothing to wife and chilean only bring her-ehall I say stiff-necked pre- dren. My little ones must have a roof over their judices to envisage it!" . haada ; and, besides, there ia little Maxwe1l. You

Harriet granted her lister permiBBion to apply decline to go down to Lymport, of OOUl'B8."

the phraaea ahe stood in need of without impeach- .. Decline!" cried the CounteaB, melodiously; ing her intimacy with the most learned among .. and do not you! .. lexioographera. .. As far as I am concerned-yea. But I am

" And there ia mch a thing as being too severe," not to think of myaelf." the CountesB resumed. "What our enemies call The Countess meditated, and said: "Dear Mr. unchristian I .. Duftian hllll offered me his b08pita.li.ty. Renegadea

"Mr. Duftian has no cauae to complain of us," aro not absolutely inJ,uman. They may be lIelle-said Harriet. roU8. I have no moral doubt that Mr. Duman

"Nor does be do so, dearea. Calumny may would, upon my repreaentation-dare I venture!" aBB&il him; you may utterly denude him-" .. Sleep in his house! break bread with him ! "

.. Adam !.. interpoeed Andrew, distractedly exclaimed Harriet. .. What do you think I am listening. He did not disturb the Count8a'& How. made of ? I would periah-go to the workhouse,

.. You may vilify and victimise Mr. Duffian, rather!" and strip bim of the honoura of hiB birth, but, like .. I see you trooping there," said the Countess, the Martyn, he will atill continue the perfect intent on the vision. nobleman. Stoned, I aaaure you that Mr. Duffian .. And have you accepted his invitation for would preaerve his breeding." youraelf, Louisa!"

.. Eh! like tomataa!" quoth Andrew, in the The Countess was never to be daunted by same fit of distraction, and to the aame deaf threatening aspects. She gave her affirmative audience. with oalmneaa and a deliberate smile .

.. I nppoae his table ia good! It said Harriet, " You are going to live with him ! It almost ruftled by the Countess's lecture. "Live with him! What expreaBioDB! My

" Plate, It was remarked, in the cold tone of husband accompanies me. It supreme indifference. Harriet drew up •

.. Hem I good wines ! .. Andrew asked, waking .. 1 know nothing, Louisa, that could give me up a little, and not wishing to be excluded alto- more pain." gether_ The Countess patted Harriet's kuee. "It suc-

.. All ia of the very beat," the CountesB pur- ceeda to bankruptcy, aaauredly. But would you med her eulogy, not looking at him. have me drag Silva to the-the shop, Harriet,

.. Don't you think you ooltld-eh, Harry!- love! Alternatives!" manage a pint for me, my dear!" Andrew humbly Mra. Andrew got up and rang the bell to have petitioned. "Thia cold watel'-ha I ha I my the remains of their dinner removed. When this stomach don't like cold bathing." was done, ahe said,-

Bia wretcbed joke rebounded from the impene- .. Louisa, I don't know whether I am justified : treble armour of the ladies. you told me to-day I might keep my jewels, trio-

.. The wine-cellar ia locked," said his wife. ' "I keta, and lace, and nch like. To me, I know have _led up the key till an inventory can be they do not belong now: but I will dispose of taken by some agent of the creditora." them to procure you an asylum somewhere-they

"What creditora ? " roared Andrew. will fetch I should think, 4001., to prevent your .. You ean have some of the aervana' beer," going to Mr. DufIian.."

lira. Coggleshy appended. No exhibition of great mindedneaa which the Andrew studied her face to Bee whether ahe Countess could perceive, ever found bel' below it.

really was not hoiating him with his own petard. .. Never, love, never!" ahe said. Perceiving that ahe was aineetely acting accordillg "Then, will you go t.o Evan!" to her 18018 of principle, he fumed, and departed "Evan! I hate him! " The olive-hued to his privacy, unable to etand it any longer. visage was dark. It brightened as ahe &<Ided,

Then like a kite the Countess pounced upon his " At least as much as my religious sentiments percharacter. Would the Honourable and Reverend mit me to. A boy who has thwarted me at every :Mr. Duflian decline to participate in the sparest turn!--diagraced us I Indeed, I find it difficult provender! Would he be guilty of the discourtesy to pardon you the suppoBition of such a poBIibility of leaving table without a bow or an apololY, as your own coneent to look on him ever again. ~V8l! ~ ~~~ to. ~t~~ po!~y! ~o, in- Harriet."

ONCE A WEEK. [SlEPT. !II. I •• I 368

The Counteas mournfully admitted it. r comfort! Oh! I bow in gratitude to Herbert .. There lies your danger with Mr. Du1Iian, Duffian. I will not rest till 1 have led him ba.ek

Louisa." to our fold, recovered from his error. He wall our .. What I do you doubt my virtue t" 18ked the own preacher and putor. He quitted us from

Counteas. conviction. He ahaJI return to us from convic-.. Pish ! I fear IOmething different. You tion ...

understand me. Mr. Duffian's moral reputation is The Countees quoted texts, whioh I reapect, none of the best, perhaps." and will not repeat. She descanted further on

i .. That was before he renegadtd," said the spiritualism, and on the balm that it 11'18 to tailon

I! Countess. and their offspring; to all ou'-ts from BOCiety. Harriet bluntly rejoined: .. You willleaTe that Overpowered by her, Harriet thus 81IDImed up

I', house a Roman Catholic." her opinions: .. You were always lI8lf.willed, , .. Now you have spoken," said the Countess, Louisa."

,: pluming. "Now let me explain myself. My dear, "Say, full of sacrifice, if you would be just," , i I I have fought worldly battles too long and too added the Counteas; "and the victim of buest earnestly. I am rightly punished. I do but quote ingratitude."

I Herbert Duffian's own words; he is no flatterer- "Well, you are in a dangerous path, Louisa." though you' say he has suoh 10ft fingers. I am Harriet had the last word, which uaually the

, now engaged in a spiritual contest. He is very Counteas 11'18 not diapoeed to acoord; but now she , ; wealthy I I have reaolved to rescue back to our knew herself strengthened to do 80, and ".. con· . Church what can benefit the flock of which we tent to smile pityingly on her sister. 'I' form a portion, 80 exceedingly I" Full upon them iu this frame of mind, arrived

t'l At this revelatiou of the Countees's spiritual Caroline's great news from Beakley.

conteSt, Mrs. Andrew shook a worldly head. It _ then that the Counte.·s conduct proved .. You have no chance with men thl\re, Louisa." a memorable refutation of cynical pbiloeophy : abe

[ ! .. My Harriet complain. of female weaknBlB ! " rejoiced in the good fortune of him who had " .. Yea. Weare strong in our own element, offended her I though he 11'18 not crushed and II Louisa. Don't be tempted out of it." annihilated (as he deserved to be) by the wrong

I'i Sublime, the Counteas rose : he had done, the great-hearted woman pardoned , I .. Element! am I to be confined to one! What him I : i but spiritual solaces could asaist me to live, after Her first remark 11'18: .. Let him thaDk me for I, the degradations I have had heaped on me? I it or not, I will lose no moment; in hastening to i ,I renounce the world. I turn my sight to realma load him with my oongratulations."

where caste is unknown. I feel no shame there Pleasantly she joked Andrew, and defended of being a tailor's daughter. You see, I can bring him from Hn.rriet now. my tongue to name the thing in ita actuality. .. So we are not all bankrupts, you see, dear Once, that member would have blistered. Confeas brother·in-law."

II to me that, in spite of your children, you are Andrew had become 10 demoralised by his own " tempted to howl at the idea of Lymport-" plot, that in every turn of events he _nW a I: The Counteas paused, aDd like a lady about to similar }Iiece of human ingenuity. Harriet was

fire off a gun, appeared to tighten her nerves, angry with his disbelief, or, say, the grudging

II crying out rapidly- credit he gave to the glorious newa. Noiwith· , , .. Shop I Shears I Geese I Cab~e ! Snip I standing her calmness, the thoughts of Lympori

!I/ Nine to a man ! " had sickened her IOU), and it W&8 only for the Even as the silence after explosions of cannon, sake of her children, aDd from a sense of the dis

that which reigned in the room was deep aDd honesty of spending a farthing of the money !I dreadful. belonging, as she conceived, to the creditors, tlW I, .. See," the COllnteBB continued, "you are hor- she had consented to go. ',' I' rified: you shudder. I name all our titles, and if .. I see your motive, Mr. Coggleaby," she . I wish to be red in my cheeks, I must rouge. It ob~ed. " Your measures are disconcerted. , is in verity, as if my aenseleas clay were pelted, I will remain here till my brother gives me

ill I as we heard of Evan at his first Lymport boys' shelter." sehool. You remember when he told us the " Oh, that'll do, my love; that's all I 'WIlDt;," , story! He lisped a trifle then. • I'm the thon said Andrew, sincerely.

I ' of a thnip.' Oh! it was hell· fire to ua, then; .. Both of you, fools I" the CounteBB interjecttd. I but now, what do I feel! Why, I avowed it "Know you Evan so little t He will receive lIS

! to Herbert Duffian openly, and he Mid, that the anywhere: his arms are open to his kindred: bui misfortune of dear papa.'s birth did not the less to his heart the road i. through humiliation, and enable him to proclaim himself ill conduct a noble· it is to his heart we Beek admittance." man's ofFapring-" .. What do you mean ," Hn.rriet inquired .

.. Which he never was." Harriet broke the .. JUlt this," the Countess answered in bold rhapaody in a monotonous low tone: the Countess English; and her eyea were lively, her figure

,11'18 not compelled to hear. elastic: .. We must all of us go down to the oM .. -and that a large outfitter-one of the very shop and shake his hand there-every man Jack

largest, 11'18 in reality a merchaDt, whose daughters of us !-I'm only quoting the sailors, Haniethave often wedded nobles of the land, and become and that's the way to win him. " anceatr8lllea I Now, Harriet, do you see what a She snapped her fingers, laughing. Harriet truly religious mind CaD do for us in the way of stared at her, and 80, did .kiilbe ... ~h for a

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'1-81D"r. 29, 1860.] EV ~ HARRINGTON;· OR, HE WOULD BE A GENTLEMAN. 369

·different reason. She eeemed to be transformed. .. Ob. my mouth l-that I keep for my chosen," SeeiIlg him inclined to gape, ahe ran up to him, was answered. .caqht up his chin between her ten fingera, and "'Gad, lOU make a. fellow almost wish-tO lriBId him on both cheek., _ying: Andrew'. fingel'll worked over his poll, and then

.. You needn't oome, if you're too proud, you the spectre of righteous wrath 1Iashed on him-know, little man ," naughty little man that he was I He knew him·

And to Harriet'. look of disgust, the cause for self Haughty, for it was the only time since his which ahe divined with her native rapidity, she marriage that he had ever been lOrry to see his IBid: .. What does it matter! They tDiU talk, wife. This is a oomedy, and I must not preach but they can't look down on us now. Why, this lesson. of life here: but I am obliged to remark is my doing!" that the husband must be proof, the aiater·in·law

She came tripping to her tall aister, to uk perfect, where u-rangementa exist that keep them plaintively: "Map" I be glad ," and bobbed a under one roof. She may be 80 like his wife' curtsey. Or, from the knowledge she has of his circum.

Harriet desired Andrew to leave them. Flushed. stances, she may talk to him almost u his wife! and indignant ahe then faced the Counteas. He may forget that ahe is not his wife' And

"So unn_ry'" ahe began. "What can then again, the emall beginnings, which are in exoue your indiscretion, Louiaa!" reality the mighty barriers, are 80 easily slid over.

The Countea smiled to hear her talking to her I But what is the use of telling this to a pure gene· younger sister once more. She shrugged. ' ration! My constant error is in aupposing that I

" Oh, if you will keep up the fiction, do. write for the wicked people who begat us. Andrew howe-he isn't an idiot-and to him we Note, l;Iowever, the difference between the can make light of it now. What does anybody'. woman ad the man' Shame oonfeased Andrew'a birth matter, who'. well oif!" naughtineas: he sniggered pitiably: whereas the

It was impoBBible for Harriet to take that view. Counteas jumped up, and pointing at him, asked The abop, if not the thing, might atill have been her aister what ahe thought of that. Her next _cealed from her hushand, she thought. eentence, 000111' delivered, related to some millinery

'0 It mattered to me when I was well oif," she matter. If this was not innocence, what is ! aid, sternly. Nevertheleas, 1 must here state that the Beene

"Yes; and to me when I was: but we've had related, inuocent as it WII, and, as one would a fall and a 1eeaon aince that, my dear. Half the naturally imagine, of puny consequence, if any, did aristocracy of England spring from shopa '-Shall no le9ll a thing than, subsequently, to precipitate I meaanre you ," the Protestant Counteaa de Saldar into the bosom

Harriet never felt auch a desire to infiict a alap of the Roman Catholic Church. A little bit of upon mortal cheek. She marched away from her play! in a taW. On the other hand, Andrew was half· It seema barely just. But if, as I have heard, faaciaated by the Counteas's sudden re· ... umption a lady had trod on a pebble and broken her nose, of girlhood, and returned-ailly fellow! to have tremendoua resulta like these warn us to be careful another look at her. Sbe had ceased, ou refiection, how we walk. Aa for play, it was never intended to be altogether 80 vivacioua: her atronger second that we should play with flesh and blood. nature had somewhat resumed ita empire: atill And, oh, be charitable, JJ13.trons of Britain! she W88 fresh, and could at times be roguishly See here, Andrew Cogglesby, who loved his wife alfectionate : and she patted him. and petted him, as his very aoul, IUld who almost dialiked her

I and made much of him ; slightly railed at him for aiater i-in ten minute. the latter had eet hill head his uxoriouaneas and domestic SUbjection, and spinning I The whole of the day he went about proifered him her fingers to try the taste of. The the house meditating frantically on the poaaibility truth must be told: Mr. Duffiau not being handy, of his Harriet demanding a divorce.

I abe in her renewed earthly happineaa wanted to She WII not the aort of woman to do that. But see her charms in a woman's natural mirror: one thing ahe resolved to do; and it waa, to go to namely, the face of man: if of man on his knees, Lymport with Louisa, and haviug once got her all the better: and though a little man is not out of her d welling.place, never to allow her to much of a man, and a sister's huabaud is, or enter it, wherever it might be, in the light of a should be, hardly one at all, still some 80rt of a resident again. Whether anything but the menace refiector he muat be. Two or three jests adapted of a participation in her conjugal p088easiona could to Andrew'. palate achieved his momentary capti. have despatched her to that hateful place, I doubt. vation. Sbe went: she would not let Andrew be ont of

He IBid: II 'Gad, I never kiaaed you in my life, her sight. Growing haughtier towards him at Louy." . every atep, ahe advanced to the old Btrange ahop.

Audahe, with a fiavour of delicate Irish brogue, EVAN HARRINGTON over the door! There the "Why don't ye catch opportunity by the tail, Counteas, having meantime returned to her state then 1" of womanhood, shared her shudders. They en·

Perfect innocence, I aamre you, on both aides. tered, and paased in to Mrs.. Mel, leaving their But mark how atupidity betrays. Andrew footman, apparently, in the rear. Evan was not

failed to understand her, a.nd act on the hint im. visible. A man in the ahop, with a yard measure mediately. Had he done so, the alfair would have negligently adorning hia sboulders, aaid tbat Mr. l1e1ln over without a witness. As it happened, Barrington was in the habit of quitting tbe shop delay permitted Harriet to ... iat at the ceremony. at five •

.. It wasn't your mouth, Louy," Baid Andrew. I .. Deuced good ~\e~'~'

370 ONCE A WEEK. [SI!PI'. !t .....

" Why, lir," observed another, stepping forward, .. as you troIy say-yes. But-ah I Mr. Andrew Cogglesby! Pleasure of meeting you once in Fallowfield I Remember Mr. Perkina ?-the law· yer, not the maltater. Will you do me the favour to ltep out with me!"

Andrew followed him into the atreet. "Are yon aware of our young friend'i good

fonune ?" said Lawyer Perkina. .. Yea. Ah I Well I-Would you believe that anyaane perIOD in hia condition, Dow-nonsense apaTt-conld bring hia mind wilfnlJy to continue a beggar! No. Um I Well, Mr. CoggIesby, I may tell you that I hold here in my banda a document by which Mr. Evan Harrington transfers tbe whole of the property bequeathed to him to Mr. Harry Jocelyn, in reversion from my lady, hia mother, and tbat I have hia orders to execute it inatantly, and deliver it over to her ladyship, after the will ia settled, probate, and 10 forth: I preenme there will be an arrangement about hia father'a debta. Now, what do you think of that? "

"Think, lir,-think I" cried Andrew, cocking hia head at him like an indignant bird, .. I think he'l a damned young idiot to do 10, and you're a confounded old raecal to help him."

Leaving Mr. Perkina to digeat the judgment which he had IOlicited, Andrew bounced back into the sbop.

THE ARTIST.

nence probably is, not 10 much that painting 0IICt

occupied the greater pan of the field of art, .. thai it comprebended a setof symbols, unive...I aDd per. manent, and thus was as expreaive as lao~ in a way unapproached by any other metbod iii an. Scnlpture shared more or 1_ in this characteristic; and 10 did architecture; but their range of typee was much narrower, and agreed upoa, and underatood by much fewer mind&. It is im· possible to gain anything by glancing at or 1Itndy. ing the liie of the painter, without keeping ia mind the diff'erence between tbe two methoda of reading picturee, which the procr- of the h_ mind baa llet up in Opl'oeition to each other; ad the painter'l own condition of mind and life iii largely determined by hia adcn-ing himBelf to the one llet of requirements or the other.

In the (lId daya of polytbeism, tim, and • through tbe Romilb centuries, painting and ICWlptore told their tale by meana of eetablillled symboIa. There mijo(ht be endl_ modiJiceticm of tbese, innumerable combinati01ll, and iDeJ:. hauatible varieties of beauty; but DO one cowld miatake the meaning of the marble group or iDe medieval picture before him. Diana and Apollo, tbe Virgin and the Baptiat were types, as .... and picturee can never be again. We eIII

not stop to coneider here the c&neea of iDe cbange: it ia enough to perceive how real aud .. tborough it was. Now, when a picture of merit ia atudied, the gazer brings metaphYlica to bear GIl

it,-or did till very lately. AI every one _ according to bia viaual organ, or even _ CIIli·

Bl8 BULTB. side of him jOlt wbat he carries within, there haTe "THE ARTIST I" What kind of aTtiat? There been aa many interpretationa of pictona .. iii

are 10 many IOrta of an! What can there be in oracles. At tbe beginning of the preJJent century, common among them afFecting health I whatever lubtle notiona were in a man'a own heed

Let UII _ how the matter ltands,-how ann were fonnd by him in picturee; and the reigD ol are employed in their various departments,-and metaphyaica affected even the reading of Iaad· whether tbere ia anything remarkable about the _pes and ponraits. The aTtiat'1 mind could BOt health of any or all of tbem. And fim of all, what but travel the same road with the lpectator'.; ad do we mean by An, in the preaent inltance ? hence the number of picturea painted for an im-

ART ia, by the progreaa of civiliaation, more and mortality wbich tbey will not bave, and fuB iii more brougbt into tbe field of tbe arta. Tn other meanings which are now lost, if indeed. the works words, the commoditiea uaed in our daily life are themselves are not wholly forgotten. Thougll rendered more and more expreaaive of sometbing tbeae have passed away, there ia no retum to the beyond their primary Ule. Hence, our Schools of period of broad, intelligihle typea, for good rea&OIII. Deaign are full of Student. wbo pall into some which it would take much Splice to abow; but 11Ft

region or other of our manufacturea. They will have taken another tack. That which wiU hereafter paint porcelain or papier·m&chl!, or deaign ribbons be the 818ential means to the great aim of paintiDg, , or mUllin dreaaea, or carpets or lbawls, or paper· ia now pursued as if it were the end itee1f.. A_· hangings, or lace curtains, or the colouring of rate representation ia almoat enough of iteeH to damasks, or the formll of pitchers, or lampl, or aecure a great reputation in an, 81 vague meaDiDg tlower.vaaea, or the devicea of picture.frames, or of and ambitious colouring, covering bad drawing, the binding of booka. We are acarcely more busy were in an intermediate period. Even \he tnIy in applying 8cience to tbe arts, than An to the great artiat. who have IOmething to express arts. Looking at tbe matter in tbia way, we greater than the terms of eXl'reaaion, are a puule should reckon our aTtiats by tena of tbousands, to their own generation, and will be to.a fnture without including the poet said to be retained in one, for their indispOIIition to the repreJJeDtathe service of Mosel and Son. In their case, tion of beauty. Their atltdy ii, as it ought to however, the aim of tbeir occupation ia oma· be, to expreaa; and they deserve well of their mentation. The varioul clasecl of artiata proper time by endeavouring to carry over their art have to stoily tbe rendering of beanty too; but from it. elevation in the past, to an elevation tbeir first object ia expreasion ;-expreasioD of which shall belit the future, (into the terms wbatever ia, within tbe limit. of the llecondary of wbich, this ia not the place to enter); but their consideration,-that of beauty. Position and their influence are unfavonrably

When the aniat ia apoken of, the 8uppoeition ia I affected by their incompetence to repreaent beauty. that he il a Painter. The reason of thia pre·emi. -whether the inability ariItiit ~ -lJegIect of

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---- ----------_.- ... - -_ .. ----------------8sl"I'. !II. 1860.) THE ARTIST. 371

the colllideration of beauty, or from a peculiarity life in misery. and end it in despair. With a brave in their own notion of the beautiful. spirit, a true love of art, and a power of manly

Changes like these determine much of the mode BBlf-diacipline, even a painter may live happily on of life of the artist. In landscape.painting, and a amall measure of succeas; though luch an one is the accessorieaof figure.painting, there W88 nothing hardly likely to hold a mortifying position as a like the Itudy formerly that is now the rage. The painter. As for the rest, the painter has the greateR of Ollr landBcape·painters were formerly advantage of exemption from the grosseT tempta· manneriBts, presenting a nobly true general concep- I tiOnB of intemperance, which beset artistB of lOme tion, nobly true alsu in ita leading features; ~ut other claases. He is anxious to preserve the full filled up with inbom detaila, supplied by imagina- ! power of his _ and of his hand. His vocation tion at home. faVOUft early holll'B, diversified Btudy of men and

At present, the minute study of nature (which Nature, and therefore exercise of the varions will enrich art hereaft. 88 much 88 it seems powers of body and mind. The grand danger is of to impoveriBh it now). imp0Be8 severe labOur of a growing egotism, 1888 gross but more engroaing body and mind. To become a painter in any than in men of other pursuit.. Anyone mUlt 888 atyle, at present, reqnireB .trength and hardihood thiB who considen what is comprehended in the of the bodily, as peniBtenoe and endurance in exclusive study of beauty and expJ'888ioD, for the mental frame. It is one thing to lie in bed which a luperiority to other people in a special till DOOD, in a .. simmering" state of thought, OT : direction is indispensable. It is thiB fearful suare, gazing at visionary scenes, and anotheT to be I lying in the midBt of the field of art, which abroad at daybreak, studying the earth and sky, renden moraliBta 10 timid, or even hostile, to and each day for a life·time, some new feature or , the punuit of art 88 a prof_on. It is this fresh product of Nature. It is one thing to repre·1 which gives the physician 10 many mournful sent historical tragedy in painting by means of , tales to tell of the catastrophe of the artist·life ; established symbols aa acceaaories, and quite for the caTe8 and disturhancea of egotism wear the another to go to the actual scene, and in suffering brain, like other anxieties and troubleL The and privation, with labour and anxiety. under an danger must be met, if at all succeaafully, by a eastern BUD, or an ocean hurricane, investigate diligent use of the ordinary means of health,what Nature haa there to express, and how Bhe exercise of all the faculties in an equable way, there expresses it. bodily activity and temperance, intellectual

The minor conditions of a painter's life depend study, and social energy and benevolence. A much on his coune 88 a whole. There used to be hearty love of art will go a long way towards much talk. of the artist's health in the days when discrediting BBlf in the painter's imagination; Sir Joshna .Reynolds pointed OU' how much he but there is no aeourity from more or leas undue owed to the practice of alway. etanding at his i conaideration of his own need8 or merits, except ~. We have all heard much of the confinement, in getting the world, with its praises and ceuurea, the amell of the oila, the coutant interruptions, under his feet. when tho artist has become eminent, and the more The Sculptor is, for the molt part, under the irritating lonelineas if he does not become famous. same conditions 88 the painter. His studies, howWe hear of the fatigues of study, in schools, in the ever, are different; his public is a amaller one; world, and at home; but, above all, of the mom-I and his succeas is of a IOmewhat more retired and ficationa arising from want of appreciation, and the leas material character. 80 it seems to be in our carea which must precede IUCC8118. A good deal is 'time, however different it may have been forsaid, too, of the troubles which are alway. arieing merly, and may be again. His study of the human in the prof888ion, from jealousy in one quarter or frame (and alBO of the brute) must be of the another. Th_ thin,. tell on the health of body deepeBt and most elaborate kind; and 10 must his and mind. There is no donbt of that. The queation Btudy of ancient art, and of every·day Nature. is, 1irIIt, whetheT theae are neoeaaary .ufferings, and His workin,. in clay may be paralleled with the next, whether the artist conBiders it worth while painter'. on canvas: but the results arrived at are to BDCOunter theae particular trials for the sake of different. The painter may Btand anywhere in a the privileges of his cAlling. There have been long gradation of rank,; but the sculptor either suicidea among painten; there have been para. eucceeds greatly or fails. There are always people lytica, prostrated by debt and anxiety; there have who will buy paintin,. of any degree of merit,

i been maniacs, raving of the jealousy of all the even to the lowest: but, for 10 coBtly a luxury a8 world. Bnt there have been more aged men, sculpture, orders are given ouly to an eminent aerene and genial; and not a few who have paid artist,-whether his eminence be well grounded, brethren's debte, inBtead of having any of their or a matter of fashion. The sculptor, therefore, baa own, and whose judgment and aft'ectiOnB went on need, even more than the painter, of an intrepid improving long after hand and eye refused to spirit, and the magnanimity to propose a great expresa the richeBt ideaa and sentiment of the whole stake, and accept his destiny. Without this, he life. , may eat his heart out before his destiny is deter·

Like all artists, the painter must depeud much mined, and the higheBt 8UCC888 may be rendered for SUCC888 and Btimulua, and for profesaional injurious to body and mind; for, where there is a rewards, on the opinions of othen; and his posio lack of magnanimity, any exceptional lot is pretty t.ion is one which draws attention to the world's snrely fatal. The brilliant load crushes the bearer: opinion of him. He must therefore be .trong in the strong gale overthrows the house upon the Band. his lolle of his art, and in his aelf·r8lpect, before he The sculptor should, then, have a heart and mind commits himself to his career, or he may pasa his as large and lorty among meJHUI hi!.P~t is noble

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372 ONCE A WEEK..

among the arts: and, in order to this, he should eminently lI8lutary the practice may be fOllDd in a set his life by the laws of Nature, as his dial ia set profession which ia supposed to abound beyond aU by the sun. Either may be clouded over: but others in irritations, oollisions, and excitementa.neither can go wrong. After thia, the sleep ahould be OOIDI'Iete,-regu-

There remain Music and the Drama, scarcely lated by the need and not by the hour; for the separable as to their effect on the artist. hours after breakfast are wanted for mdy_

An actor may have no concern with music; but It ia not alway, 80; but, un1e11 the actor is a great singer or instrumental performer exerciaea playing the lime character for a course of the faculties appropriate to the drama in the nigbt., he need, more or 1_ mdy; and when musical form of expreaaion. The modes and con- he ia preparing for a new or revived part, the ditions of life are nearly the same in the two study ia very inte!lle, and requirea wid_wake branches of the profeaaion. There are the same faculties. When the great actol' goes into hia trying conditions of health, the same moral study, and mute the double door, it ia undentood dangers, the lime pecnliar social circumstances: that he must not be interrupted. A glance at hill and therefore we may here consider them own dealt-copy of the play, with it. broad maqpn., together. bearing an infinity of minute notes and m.ub,

To those who know the profeaaion of public per- will ahow what intellectual exercise goes on upoa former only from the outside, it _ that the that theme. As to the other preparation tbaa singer or actor ia alwaya in circumatancea danger- that which goes on at the desk, I know notmns. ous to health, and yet lives on into old age, at The nearest approach to it which baa come UDder least as often as other people. We hear of despe- my own observation was when I was stayiDc in rate fatigues, of constant dread of celd, of perilous the lime house with an American politiciaa and excitement. of mind and tension of nerves, 80 that much-applauded orator, who was to deliver .. we expect nothing short of fever, apoplexy, para- oration in a day or two. Others hew hill habita 1fBis, or 80mething as bad; and then, years after, better than 1 did, and were therefore 1_ utoDwe see the ancient favourite of the public driving iahed, though perhaps not 1_ amused, than I -. about at leisure in a fine old age, and read the when, in the deepest atilln ... of the night, st.niDa notice of his death at last, at long put the three- of oratory rang through the houae, from the gnat score years and ten. Thia ia surely very remark- man's chamber. The rehearsal was of oertain JIIII'" able. How can it be t ticular pauagea, the turns of which were ~ . We hear of the life of the singer or actor as it over and over again, till the effect of 80 pluming

ia when the eyes of the publio are upon it,-in the such an amount of spontaneous emotion was rim- I

thick of the buainell of the year. We are apt to oulous beyond measure. AI the tones expreean. OTerlook the weeks (1 fear I must not say months) of surprise, inquiry, or paaaion were practiaed during which the artist takes rest and mak. holi- patiently till the right gradation was obtained, the ' day. The singer must exercise his voice for hours household lay laughing in their beda. There_ of every day; - the female artist, at lean, saya no appearance of lIlwne or misgiving the ned ' that ahe m\18t: whereas the theatrical artist may, morning; and, as the need of a big lookins-glua I

I suppose, dismias work altogether during the in thia gentleman's room, whenever he was QD ..

holiday time. This annual interval given to re- oratorical expedition, was known to his hon-, I

poee, travel, rural quiet or aeuide amusement, to it ia probable that he was unconscious of anythiDg family and friendly interoolU'lle, reading, and as absurd in his proceedings. But it 'Was rather exmuch sleep as comes naturally, does certainly re- travagant to expect us, on the grand ocoaaioD. to emit the forces of body and mind cousiderably. be thrilled, as he declared himaelf to be. wBh I

During the working months, the wear and tear horror, amaaement, grief, &0. Ton. which Ud must be prodigious. Unlike the painter, whose been heard 80 often over, under different oircnm- I

executive labour stopa neceaaarily at IUJIBBt, and I stances, failed to thrill, and tears would not 00ID8 to whom the morning hours an! therefore precious, at paaaages which had been laughed at for their the stage artist ia in as heavy a sleep till near cadence when the words could not be diatinguiahed. noon as the editor of a London daily newspaper. My own impression certainly was that, if he felt Till past midnight he ia in a state of vivid excite- enough on the particular ocouion to be juatitied in ment, on the night. of performance; and then he speaking, he would have gained all deairable ends baa to undergo the state of collapse before he can better by sleeping in the night, and trusting to his , sleep. He baa to put off his trappings, his paint, natural thought. and feelings for his apeech,-ell and his ltage UIIOCiations, andget into a new train the technical practice having been familiar to him before he ia fit for sleep. One member of the pro- from his youth.-In the acto!"', case, the IIIIID8

feaaion I have known who had his own method of kind of practice ia a grave and respectable aft'air, fitting himself for true repose. If he C&Jl1e home free from all taint of ridicule. Be baa to deliver, after midnight too much exhausted even to speak not his own pretended thought. and feelings of the to wife or sister while having his tea, he was never moment, but the recogniaed art·production of the unable to spend half an hour over hia Byatematic tragic or comic poet; and what ia hypocriay in Bible reading and habitual prayer before going to. the orator, ia his profeaaional busineaa. I must bed. He said it was the first part of his night's leave him at it, for how he tranaacte it I do no& rest. If people of all orders find it desirable to clear know. scores with the world \ and themselves in thia way Then there ia the buaineaa at the theatre; among before they sleep, cuting out paaaion, soothing down draughts and diacomfort, and the mixed diaguat irritability, forgiving offences in others, and reconcil- and amusement caused by seeing the inaide of the ing all within themselves, it ia easy to imagine how puppet-ahow,-the devices ~whidl :JP9.vins or

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brilliant impl't1llllion8 are to be made on the audio ' of paaaion to be repreaented, and muat lose him· ence of the evening. The rehearaal at a theatre, I self in the imaginary scene and circumstanoe&. I have been told, is enough to chill the enterprise i The difference between these two views is a very of the moat able or ambitious artist that ever I serious matter indeed, as I once had occasion to trod the stage. perceive, when conversing with a very eminent

Happy those actors who live where they can see member of the college of critica. 80mething of the face of Natur.e every day I If I A particular case being under disCUBBion, this they can get out to the fields, or upon a common I learned peraoDage began lamenting the irreconcil· for even half an hour, it is the best kind of ex· 'I able requirements of 80cial life in England and hilaration. A walk in the Park is good; or a art,-operatic aud dramatic. The highest attain· game at romps with the children in a garden, if , ment in an demand. a mood of p&l8ion as laating there is one; or an hour's gardening: but the ' as the profeuional life; whereas, Engliah social evening comes very BOOn after 80 late a rising and ' life requirea reapectable marriage, or a reapectable term of .tudy; and there is little time for any· lingle life. Now, marriage is the immediate ex· thing between. tinguisher of the capacity for p_ion; and be·

AI for the wear and tear of the next few houl'l, side8, the gifted individual who can attain the everybody sees what it muat be; aud no descrip. heights of an must preaently discover the in· aon can magnify the impre&Bion of it. Mere feriority of his or her mate, and must find mar· publicity is wear and tear; and here the intellect riage a yoke, under which power muat con· has to work intensely under the concentrated gaze tinnally decIine-and '0 fotth. There is, my of a crowd. In the presence of everything that informant added, no other way of pursuing art can agitate the nerves, the brain must produce its with the highest SUC0888 than surrendering the greatest achievements; and a severer trial, for the p_ionate nature to a sUCC888ion of attachments, hour, of physical aud intellectual power can -and 110 fotth. Thus only can the variety and hardly be conceived. Of all the nonsense that is power of expression be preaerved till the time has talked by people who pretend to judge other arrived for quitting the stage. Such was the in· people'. business, none is more extreme than that soluble problem of dramatic art. which treats the actor'. or opera·linger's work as I ventured to ask what was to be done, if this frivolous, slight, and of no account. It would be were true i-which should give way, our dsily leas exhausting if the work were either IIOlitary,- human life, with its natural auc0888ion and disci· as that of the great orator's,-or sustained by hearty pIine of aft'ections, and its aweet and solemn sanc· fellowship with a group of fellow·labourers. The tions, or the life of the stage, with its eternal great actor hu the disadvantage of partial depend. childhood (according to the critic) of passions. Of ence on the ability of comrades, who not only dis· course, the critic was of opinion that art oould courage him more or less by their inferiority, but never die ont: and I need not add that my opinion cannot be more than adventitious &8SOOiatea. It was, and is, that human life will hold its natural is well if even a bare good understanding can be course, perpetually maturing, rather than lapsing kept with them by forbearance and generosity. into inferior stages of experience. The critic aup· The green·room may be often a very merry, and a posed I therefore gave up art. Not 110. I believe 'Very instructive place; but it can scarcely be a that art is long, and that life is long too; and happy one to anybody but au occasional visitor.- that there is no reason why they should not live If tile exhaustion is not too great, the actor is in on together, each helping the other. What I do the mood for an exciting supper, where wine, and not believe is, that true art can ever require the praise, and good fellowship with admirers end his perpetuating of one stage of human experience day with more or less moral intoxication, though beyond its natural limits, to the destruction of tho the physical one may be avoided. individual, and the injury of both the cha.racter

So much for the external appearance of this and reputation of art. mode of life. To judge of the effect on the wel· AI for the other view, there is fact enough in fare of the individual, we must look a little its favour to save the necessity of argument. The deeper. I name of Mrs. Siddons alone would suffice to shame

AI fa.r as my intercourses have led me to any : the bad doctrine of the oracular critic. Mrs.' understanding of the matter, it seems to me that ! Siddons, looking after her children's clothes and there are two theories of this profession which lessons at home, and devoting herself to her canDOt be too clearly distinguished from each other, husband', comfon and will and pleasure, certainly for the sake of the welfare of its members, and thrilled and transpo1'ted an audience quite as the morality of society. elfectively as any lady who has lince hesitated to

According to the one theory, the performer's marry, because she could not rise to the height of point of view lies outside of and above the part he her professioual ambition otherwise than by a nc· or she is to represent. He is to study it intel· ceuion of love·aft'airs. It would be insulting to lactually, and 80 to invest his imagination in it, as I mention the names of living peraons in Buch a COD· to act and speak as he is ce1'tain a real being would , nection; but we may safely ask, whether among bave acted and spoken under the circumstancea. I the greatest artists of our mme, we have not seen He throws all his convictions, both of experience: devoted husbands and wives, and performers who and imagination into his part, beiDg the more, in· , were always thinking more of their art than of stead of the lese, himself for this diligent use of I themselves, without pretending to the heroism of his faculties and means. Aocording to the other I going to perdition for it. theory, the performer'B point of view lies within' 'l'his difference of view is entertained to a suffi· ., • • -.. • •• _~'_,_L L_ -----,--' f"'-. --:t _ ..... :_- ,-

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considering the welfare of the dramatio artist. A art, the fact remains that hnman feelinp and few more words will convey all e1ae that I am able fortnnes, when once made an art-atudy by a fell" to mrgest. being, cease to be a gronnd of compaDiODahip

We have been lately, informed that the and sympathy. The ordinary complaint is, that dramatio artists of all ol&aaea in Europe, con· acton are aft'ected, or formal, or aelf-coD8CiOlll: atitute a population of tens of tho_dB;- I but the full truth is, that they have f01'llWom ~ a number large enongh to render their welfare freemasonry of direct sympathy, and have COlD·

an important element in human happineaa. Of I' pelled themselves to take life at IIeCOnd-hand, .. it the greater proportion the earninp are very email, were. They have loat their direct grasp ut- it, and the rewards of their labour are very IIC&Ilty. their direct apprehension of it. The case ill olear If they keep their morala, they auft'er nnder the enough in the instance of authon who have becorroeiona of poverty and humiliation; and if they come bewitched by the theatre. There have ~ mooumb to temptation-in their 0&10 fearfully mch in the last generation, and there are such in the strong-their fate is, of COIU'Ie, W01'88. It _ to present. The public cannot oonceive the meaning Ii be oommonly agreed, that the musical and the their delight in theatrical lIIIOCiationa, and hu DO

theatrical career is not a Pl'Olpel'011l lot in life, reason to be pleased with the effect on tMr mode except to the very few who attain the heights of of art. They are manneriata, in an extreme de. the profeaaion. ' gree; and their pictures of life are, however able,

Their cue, in regard to health and happineu, only natural to their own manner. They 1ft

_ to be this. scenes beheld by lamplight, and commented 011

Their nature is not the highest, to begin with. from the green·room point of view; and they bear This is _ying little; for how many in a nation no resemblance to the clear ncon-tiay aapecU of could be pointed out 811 of the highest original life presented by authon of para1lel ability, who quality! They have no desire of concentrated have never been bewitched by the theatre.. Such wiadom,-no craving for peace of mind arising is the difFerence between the dramatic artist's uad from harmony of the faculties and afFections. The other men's apprehension of the great phenomeu highest moral condition,-that of habitual mode· of human existence. The conaideration is a aeriou ration, attained through a varied experience,- one. The question is, what had beat be done. is not within their view. It does not come directly The only recommendation that I know of iI, within the range of any art of expreuion, and it to live &I much like other people 88 poIIible, is tberefore acaroely a part of human life to them. and to counteract to the utmoat, by a homely .All e1Bethat is heroic, they can appreciate and adore. method of life, the besetting danger of utificia1 Their notion of life, however, is of an endlell habits of looking, moving, and speaking. To Iend drama of paaions and sentiments, interacting with a hand &I often &I poaaible to the common buiDfa events. They alao commit themselves to a life from of life, to repreu all indulgence in merely utWred whioh tranquillity is excluded,-practically, if not sentiment, and to make auoh a home 1\1 mild theoretically; and thUl they let out with a B&Ori. remove the egotiem at leut one degree from ill fice of welfare of a grave oharacter. They know centre, is good. To oultivate, in short, the reality that jealousies, mortifications, irritationa of alIlOrta of life, and to restrict profeaion and demoJJlira. beset the career, and they mUBt intend to put up tion to the domain of art, is _ntial to the wei· , with thf'88 miseries for the sake of art or ambition; fare of the artist in any department. If he is able to for it is inconceivable that any man or woman can do this, and fuTther to raise himself in fact above expect to be always mperior to suoh triala. his ostensible position of dependence on the opinion

They are under graver liabilities than these. of the public, he may keep his nature healthy, and It may be doubted whether any art of expreuion his life aatiaf&otory. Each kind of art baa its high can be exclusively studied without destroying I enjoyments: each its happy influen088; each dB the simplicity and integrity of the mind in lofty fnnction. The drawback is, that 10 many haft I

that partioular direction. Without summoning I sunk under the peouliar liabilities, living irk8Ollle, 1\8 a witn_ the designer of patterns for the or turbulent, or disreputable lives, and dying in • Coventry manufacturer who complained that, state of feebleneu or disturbauce. Happily, there he had got to see ribbona in everything,-in snn-I have been robust, and self.reapecting, and simpleseta, in the sea waves, in the wooda, and every- minded, and geueroUl, and amiable artiste, &I well where, we may refer to the landscape-painter's! &I 101di81'8, or doctora, or divines, or merchaulL I

phrase of "the innocent eye,"-the eye of un- I Such men, in all oa1linp,haveaeouredtheirphysical conacioUl spectatora, who see ooloure &I they' and moral health in the _e way,-by hanoOD' appear to the general sense: whereu the painter ising their lives with the laWl of Nature, precilely &eel them through a medium which affects his very to the extent of that health. peroeptiona. It is not a tri1le to have exchanged IIARRlIIT M.urrUiBA.V.

the natural reliah of a morning landscape, or a I' fair face, for a l'rofeaaional view of it: but the .A. NIGHT ADVENTURE IN IRELAND. penalty becomes much graver when the art of I exprellion relates to human character. The I BY A SOLDID. natura1 aprinp of action and emotion then become WBlIN our regiment W&l quartered in IrelaDd, meana of art, and simplicity and unoonaciousuell lOme of my company were ordered to a toP /: are lost. Leaving &I a fair mbject for opinion within five houre' march of where we lay. My the quality of Mrs. Siddons's act of rnnniug &Croll duty WDII to eeoort them there, and retum by ~ :1 the street when a child was run over, to study the evening train from a station a few miles fJom :' countenance of the mother, in fuTtherance o~ her where my COmradeaD:::d~t;~b Ie i'l

___________________________ u __ _ _ ___ __ _ g ~

SD'r. to, J~. J A NIGHT ADVENTURE IN IRELAND. - ~11 We reached onr deatination in due time, anel When night began to cloae in, lUld the weather !

arrangements were made for my departure; but grew dense and thick, I for the first time thought as the evening set in very inclement, I halted 88 that if darkness were once on, and an inn should long as possible in hope that the storm would invite shelter, 1 would, under the CircuIJl8tanC68, abate. This, however, W88 not the result; the avail myself of it and remain till daybreak. I storm grew more severe, and my orders being had not a very accurate knowledge of the district, nearly imperative, I had to set forth in the midst yet I did not dOllbt that I W88 on tbe right road of the blut. Making headway against the weather the length I had gone ; still, a slight hesitation took up more time t.han I had calculated on, and arose, and I resolved to make inquiry the first I reached t.he atation only to learn that the l88t opportunity. I continued to go on a conaiderable train had paased. I spent little time in hesitation, distance without sight or 80und of human exist· ae I had only one course before me if my quarters euce, but I W88 at length fortunate enough to fall were to be reached that night, 80, drenched and in with an old woman driving a cow. When she weary, I retraced my steps. ! recovered from her surprise at seeing me, I was

fully convinced by her that I had gone astray, and wu farther from an inn t.han it would be agreeable to travel. It appeared there were no honses near but her own-where there was no accommodation-ancl another one where I might have been put up, bllt "a man having died there that morning, and the widow being in the house alone, it W88 thought ahe might object to the presence of a stranger. I resoll·ed to try at any rate, and got auch directions for reaching the place u were seemingly intelligible, when my informant and I parted company.

Tbe house was not 80 easily found 88 I had .. , • T L _____ 1.1 . -' _4 _ __ !.L _~L __ ____ 1_ 1 __ : __

temper, and advanced considerably elevated in spirits when its outline attracted my bewildered sight. At first 1 knocked lOme what gently. not to start1e the inmate, but no notice being taken, I repeated it much louder. A stir within followed this, and a voice grofBy inquired the purpose of the disturber.

I began to explain my situation. but before I had spoken a dozen worda I wu told I could not get admittance, 88 there was a dead man in the bouse. 1 remonstrated, and urged the necesaity of my case, offering to sit in any corner, and give no trouble nor annoyance. Still I W88 only told, ! ___ .. __ ... 1. ____ .&.._ ... 1 ~ .... ..1",_ .. \.. ...... T _~ .... l.. .. _. _,..11

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376 ONCE A WEEK.

depart at once. This irritated me grea~y, ~d I ling movement in the direction where the deIId angrilyahouted, that Weill she let me In qUIetly, man lay. I would force the door and enter in Ipite of her. I started at thia, and moved my pieoe into a

There mnat have been a tone of determined better poeition, and J think I railed it mechaDirtII01ution in my lpeech, for the voice within cally to my Ihoulder, when I I&W the sheets modified COIlIiderably after the threat; lOme moving on the lifelelll body, &I I had thought it. parley and grumbling followed, when the door My hair, which W&I generally 10 ahort as to be wu opeued and a candle lit. The woman eyed alwaya on end, cannot exactly be aaid to han me very IUlpicioualy, and appeared either alarmed atood erect at thiB, but I perapired at every or annoyed, but I urged her to be compoeed and pore, and felt IOmewhat unnerved, although give herae1f no uneaainelll on my &ccout. I am no slave to superstitious fearl. At this stage,

The house was miserably furniahed, the chief I a voice from the sheets addrel8ed me in a low objects which arrested my attention in the d8lO· tone I&ying, alowly and diBtinctly,-" SodF, late abode being the figure in the dead dreII, lOdger, sure an' 18 won't shoot me ! .. which lay on a cheat before the bed, and a table I This partly convinced me that he was ati1l an by the fireaide laid out with proviaiODB. The I animated being, but I was not by any m_ at latter were, to me, rather tempting, but my newly -. and could only respond by a searching yet made friend seemed an'xioul that lahould not be tremulous stare. allowed too uarrow a survey of her premiaea, as •• Sowll an' I'm living as ye are." he said. ahe requested me to follow her to an inner apart- turning round; .. but if yc'll plaiae to take the ment. I would have preferred staying where I pins out of them bindel'll and cut the cord roUDCl was, but I did not consider it unreasonable that my toes afore that woman ret111'DB, I'll till ye the ahe ahould have the choice of where I was to be howl about it, an' dhriuk my own health wid ye to located. 10 I followed when she led the way. the bargain."

In thiB place there 11'&1 nothing but a low erec· There 11'&1 now no reason for being concerned tion covered with straw, and an old·fashioned 10 much, although my curiosity ran on a head atoollying upside down. I 11''' told I could take while conjecture followed hard to overtake it. I either the stool or the" bed," and left alone; but complied with his wiBh, . and he civilly asked me she handed in a piece of bread a few minutes to remove to the other end, after 1 had covered afterwards, with a Bullen remark that was not him up nearly as he was before, and handed him intelligible. a .. sprig" .. he termed a ponderous atUr that

Tired as I was, I felt more disposed to watch looked decidedly dat;lgerous, even when Btaoding the woman'. motiON than court slumber, but this quietly in the comer. . eventnally grew tedious, and I began to get I was IIOmewhat excited when I returned and drowsy. I therefore quietly lay down, and, to sat down again within. In an hour or 80, silence prevent my being taken by surprise, 1 placed my was broken by the grating of the lock, and my feet opposite the door, 80 that it could not be hoateaa entered. accompanied by as ruffianly a look. opened without awakening me. In thiB position I ing character as I had ever beheld. She pointed fell into a alight Bleep, but a movement in the to the door I was looking through, and muttered other apartment made me atart andlieten. Through IOmething to her companion, who growled a rothe crevices in the old door, I could only see in· aponse and brandished a stick be had brought distinctly, but was still able to see my friend was with him. Botll tIlen listened earnestly for what liatening behind it; aDd when I saw this, I dare· Reemed.: long time, but I W .. 1000. convinced I&y I helped to convince her that I waa fast that I was not the obj!!d .of mnch care on their aaleep, by certain naaa1 lOuds I introduced at part. . They sat down, and began to drink from a interva1a. bottle the woman ¥. taken from a -... By.

She lOOn deailted and slipped cautiously back, and.by the new cOl~U pit his arm round her .Deck and, my inquiaitivenelll being aroused, I peered and began to whiBper worda I could not hear, hut sagely through the aaams. She wrapped a shawl their proceedings were speedily in.terrupted by the around her, set a lighted candle on the table, and man in the sheeti! sllringing to hiB feet with 1SlUl4ry left the house, locking the door carefully behind execrations, and dealing moat unmerciful blows ber, I confeaa to getting uneasy at this, and a I with the "sprig" upon the head of each. At the feeling of awe at the lonelineaa of my situation I fil'lltsign of life in the prostrate figure, the woman crept through my frame. Not knowing what began to shriek, but this lOOn ceued as she and might follow, I loaded my musket, as I thought it her companion were knocked down. better to be able to defend myself if that ahould I felt it waa not Illy buainelll to interfere, 80 I be neceaaitated. looked on in lilence. The next proceeding of our

I waited anxioualy a long time, but hoard no hero was to open. the door, and throw them both sign of her return, nor any lOund save the first ontside with the greatest unconcern. After thiII dull clicks of an old clock, and the splashing of he carefully locked the door, came forward to the rain outside. At length I was seizod with a where I was, and asked me to Bit with him, by deeire to iuspect ~e premiIM, and after a Blight the fire which had now kindled up. hesitation I ventured into the other end. I t was 1 gladly complied, and he related tile reMOn thU the moat dreary position in which I had ever fGUlld had led to the scene I had just witneataed. The myaelf, the Bolemn stilluelll imparting a feeling as woman, it appeared, was hiB wife, and he had much akin to terror as the greatest fear of real found occasion to SUlpect that abe intended to rob danger conld ever instil within me; but my sur· him, and rnn off with the stranger. He likewise vey wu almOlt immediately interrupted by a mat· discovered that Bhe had poifea in her~n,

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:===== ---============::--:-===== FARISTAN AND FATIMA.

,,:hich he managed to replace by a harmless ingre- ' i I dient, and he subsequently had the gratification to i I: see it mixed up for himself, This led him to feign : I : dea.th, with a view to ascertaining her euct inten- .

II, tiona, but he evineed surl'rise that she had been d~ived so thoroughly. Her anxiety to get rid of .

I: him, however, had alded the deception, and she .

I hall not investigated very closely whether her: drug had done its work thoroughly.

.. A noble woman !" he with rapture thollght, As in his arms his wife he caught. He felt no doubt about it, for, you know, She said it,-ao it muet be so I

About a year had p8BB'd away Since the agreement made that day, When it so chanc.d that, as they sat

Over tbeir evening meal of curry, Spending the time in pleasant chat,

377

. Ho very unreservedly stated his future purpose; turued over some old gear in a corner, and produced a 8um of money with which he meant to pay his passage to America, and leave for that country at break of day. We sat talking all night, and grew 80 friendly that he offered to share his funds with me, which I, of course, de· clined.

Poor Fatima, in too great hurry To eat some tit·bit, while her eyes Ogled, in manner far from wise, Her husband, not her plate, by ill-luck swallow'd A little bone-of course you gUe.l8 what follow'd.

What could be done r Poor Faristan Skips here and there, does All he can,

!i h In the morning he looked out in front of the , I ouse, but the two outcasts were nowhere to be I· seen. With a hatchet he smashed in the face of

the old clock, which terminated its asthmatic ticking, and threw it on the fire; and every other thing in the house, that appeared worth destroy. ing, he broke. Tying up lOme of his own apparel in a napkin, he muttered a curee on the wretched dwelling, locked the door, and threw the key on the dunghill with a .. bad luck to it;" and after that, he showed no farther concem about what had occurred,

Upon the back be thumps her, He shakes her, bumps her, jumps her, He tries to push it down, he upwards tries to pull it,In vain I Sbe's choked by that small bone inside

her lit\!e gullet I

:1

,I !I , it I

I'

.1 'I i!

:1 :i :1

At the station 1 allowed him to pay part of my fare. which gratified him exceedingly; and when I left him, he was 80 sorry to part, that I believe a word would have taken him into the ranks with me. But the parting whistle sounded, he preesed my hand, and ,I returned his grasp of kindn_, and in one minute more the last look was exchanged, and ainee that time 1 have seen nor heard nothing of my somewhat ainguIarly. formed acquaintance.

Only imagine hie despair I Soon in her winding-sheet they fold her,

Black in the face, it may be, yet 10 fair I He could not summon oourage to behold her.

Now Fatima ie in her grave, And Faristan begins to raTe, And rolls upon It, sighing with such ardour,

That he is heard a mile away and more, Pully resolved (so much did he regard her)

.N ine days to atop there, u we know he swore.

The Prophet chanced to pass that way, Pound it impoesible to ).Iray Iu such a noise, 80 asked politely ;-.. What mfan thess groans and writhinga 80 un·

sigh~ly '" .. 0, sir I" said he, "within this tomb there lies

The beat ofwivea,-I neTer knew a chuter Or nobler woman, loving, young, and wiae,-

FARISTAN ANI> FATIMA. And in tbe graTe thie very clay I've placed her."

.AN ORIENTAL LEGEND. The Prophet answer'd; "BiBce you for her sake ))olIJI 11I'lO BIS 1I0'lBBR-'lONOl1R BY B. A. BOWILIIIO. Are grieving eo, and merit to be lucky,

PAB1! I. I'll grant your wish," and as he apske, OllCII in a mmoUB Eastern city, The stall' hie hand was grasping struck he There lived a tailor witb a pretty, Upon the tomb, and, 10 I it open'd wide, In fact a very pretty wife, And Fatima appesr'd outside Whom he loved better thau his life. In health and beauty, and with rapturous passion Her eyes were oC the blackest 1Ort, Rush'd to her hnsband's arms in loving faehion.

No IiIy's stem was half 80 s1euder, How they embraced and hugg'd each other I Of finest silk her hair seem'd wrought, Any .~tor must have thought

Her rosy cheeks "'ere smooth and tender, Such kisses were enough to smother Her age scarce twtnty,-and, in short, Both man and wife.--And next thq lOught

It was impossible to mend ht!J', To thank the Propbet for this miracle portentowr, One clay quoth he; "You darling little wife, )"ou I But cou1dn't--he was '111m i7ltteftlUlI

Whatever woald become of bapless me, If! should bppen to Bu"ive yon, PU1! II.

And your fair body I should see Good Parlstan bethought him then Lying a corpse, all cold and void of motion, That Fatima'. loose funeral linen raiment Within my arms r The very notiou (Although 'twlUl duek) for walkiug home agaiu Gives me a chill as if I now were dyiug ! Was scarcely, in the ulual way, meant.

I swear tbat if I, wretcbed man, .. Light of my eyes t behind these atones stoop down, Only survive tbe shock, you'll find me lying While 1 run bome and fetch your sboes and gown;

I' Upon your tomb for nine long days, and cryinlto The moon is up, there's little clanger in it, ,:.\ (''rying the very best I can I ,,_ Fear not, and I'll be back iu half a minute,"

'j

.. And if, ,lear husband," ahe began, He spoke, and vanish'd like a shot.-

I I'm t.he survivor when we're parted, Meanwhile there happen'd to approach the BP9t 'I I'll huried be, my F'aristan, The Sulvu's son, escorted by the light

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3iS ONCE A WEEK. [S~. !II, ltil

Hie III'rvants, by tbe dickering glare, Perceived a woman wi.tb disbovell'd hair, Aud aca.nty clothing, _king to conceal Her somewhat striking dishabille, Which In the darkneBB, by the t(lrchlight aided, Seem'd greater than it in the dsy did,

The Sultan's BOn his march IIDspended, And then approach'd her unattended, While she with arms and hands wa.s trying

Her want of clothing to replace, And left exposed, in beauty vying,

Two legs IIJId feet of matchless gr&ee,

Pray, arc you married! If you single are, Come home with me, and be the brighte~t

star Within my harem I Be a prince's bride, I love you more than all the world beside !"

Fair Fatima soon comprehended Th' advantage of this offer splendid, And found her knowledge a.s a tailor III mea.suring ita extent av"iI her. A las I when this proposal wade he, I grieve to say the naughty lady l(or~ot her duty and her plighted troth, Forgot her husband and her oath,

"lly lord! I'm sinole, and quite ready To offer you allegiance steady, And live but fOl" Your Royal Higbne~s !"

"A bargain !" he exclaim'd with sl,o<88;-A ho,""e is brought, and, lighted by the

torches, • Soon }atlwa's intride his harem', poreoea,

Tbe Prince, instead of putting (u bis duty Clearly enjoin'd) biB bIIlIds before hiB £ace,

With might and main stood staring at; t;he ~ " What loveliness is thi. I trace r

And yet the time, spot, drea, are ratber fDDDY- " " My lord!" abe &aid in accenta aweet _ hooey, .. I feel so awkward in this neglig~

I really koo,,' not what to say I ..

The Prince at once confeu'd the force Of h.r remark, and then of conne Gave her hie own great coat at this 8uggesUOD. And said, "Fair lady, jult one question !

Scur~e had she !;onc, ... hen Faristan comes back, Bringing the clothes she seew' d to lack, She is not there! His "'onderment immense is ; He shouted, search'd, aud well-nigh l08t his sensH,

" She is some robber's prize," then thought hc,In this we scarce CAU contradict bim ;

He little dreamt that she could be 80 naughty, As to have be-!n a willing victim!

"Why didn't I escort her home at once, Drcu'd a.s she was! AIM, poor silly dunce! In what distre88 my darling little wife

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i; Will he! She lIIlid that sbe should find her life So sad without me, that she need. must be Durird alive in the same grR\'e with me. You phoollix of a woman! if a stranger /' ,,!

Has dared to pester you "'ith his advances, I'm sure that you'll bave saved yourself from danger, /;

As any noble matron would, - tbe chance is That you have scratch'd your race, or tom your hair, ,I

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Now, when 'he Prince observed her start, he Rush'd up and IBid, "YOIl know this party t"

" 0 yea I" replied the gentlest of all _tures, I l'eOOgniae too weH rus features. This is the robber whl) atwk'd me,

lIeat me, and dragg'd me to the spot from whence Your HighneBI had the goodnelB to extract me,

Half·naked, thanks to hiB impertinence!"

On hearing hiB dear wife thu epeak, Poor Pariatan turns pale as death,

Stares wildly round, feels faint aDd weak, His aenBel BWim, he gaBpa for breath,

The Court in chorus all asaerted Such condllet proved a mind perTerted ; His guilt was clear, the Prince commanded

That they ahouM take him to the Cadi. luto tbe judgment·room he'. handed,

Tbe _ iB wed, the gentle lady Dilly depoaes, our poor fl'iend

:Makes no defence, what cares he for hi. life, 8eaing tbis conduct of biB faithl_ wife'

He'd rather haTe it at an end. The verdict'. "Guilty'" 10 they take him .traight·

way Off to the gallow. near the city'. gateway.

What could have lived his neek and reputation, AI he stood tremblillg at the pllow.' baae,

Had not t.he Prophet (wbo iu ollr narration Has play'd a part) approach'd the place'

Hill figure glisteu'd with au angel'. splendonr. .. This man iB innocent, and no offender,

And I'm hi. witneaa too '" be cried aloud. The hangman dropp'd tbe rope, the crowd Stared when they heard this .peach of one

Who neTer spoke in igllorance or malice, And all together basten'd to tbe palace;

The SllItan came, attP.nded by hi. IOn. The Prophet, higbly hononr'd at the Court, Pint .ys hiB lIy; then Patima ill brought. Around them buth, the others form a ring; Too conaciol18 of her guilt, the Dlughty thing Lifts up her e,8II, the Prophet recognise., Palls down a COl-pae, while great the crowd's sur·

prise is.

Good Pariatan gets ample compensation, While Patima's consign'd to her old tomb; There she may atop until tbe day of doom.

He hasn't now the slightest inclination To throw hill18elf, and weep, and 'rave E'en for nine seconds on her grave.

AURORAS.

, so, in th088 ages of blood aDd havoc, the a1l1'Onl coruscation .. shaped by fearful faDcy into aerial hosts contending with glittering arms, were con· ceived to portend proximate slaughters, which, from the spirit of the age, no sign from heaven was needed to presage. These phenomena DO longer alarm us; and yet, beyond ingenious CODjecture, modern science has made indifferent use of the materials accumulated by obaervation towards determining the real meaning or origin of auroras. Under these circumstance&, the attention of the public having been attracted to lAte displays of singulAr brilliancy, and to the remarkable inBuence these have exercised upon telegraphic lines, lOme remarks may be acoeptable on a subject scientifically so interesting. and. .. affecting the chief means of international commu· nication, 10 important to the welfare of Olll' race.

After briefly reviewing the auroral phenomena, we propose inquiring what special conditions of the earth, atmosphere, or cosmOl, aacertained to I coincide with their occurrence, may be conceived . to have a positive relation therewith either as cause or effect. Certea, coinoidencea do not in themselves constitute proofs of connection; but, when couatantly recurrent, they justify a pre. , sumption to that eBeot, are fairly entitled to .. valuation, and may pouibly guide our effon. to diacovel· the law they intelligibly luggeat.

That which is 8pecially perplexing in the aurora is the irregularity of its appearance. From earlieat antiqnity down to the preaent time it has been _n at unequal intervals, yet no period has been auigned to it, nor has anything been de~ as to its law. The unknown writer of tile book of Job speaks of tile .. BrightDeaa that cometh out of tile North." A.riatotle has recorded the phena-

~~~y ~~d:~~ ; o~~~r ~"t"l:ruw:.n= = :! may be presumed botll from tile awe it inlpired, and from tile very position of that region whereto early science was restricted. To come to later times : in Sweden and tile north of Europe it wu also rare previoua to the eighteenth century, and there seem to have been long intervals without any auroral appearances in .l!:ugland, tIlongh .. lack of meteorological oheervation. d08l not ablle· : . lutely prove tile absence of phenomena in an age I

indifferent to science, and inclined to prefer the comfort of repose to learned vigil.. Of later yean auroras have been remarkably vivid and frequent, even in places hitherto unvisited by tIlem, fur the , '

IN primitive ages mystery alarmed. Knowledge great aurora of 1859 was the first ever obaervedin of his insignificance amid the vaatneaa of the Jamaica since the diacovery of that ialand. I j

universe inclined man to regArd with IUperatitioua It may be atated generally tIlat auroras in~ awe tile invilible but all.pervading forces of which in frequency witll proximity to the pole&, but he was vaguely conscioua. Attributing to nature they are Been alike in tile frotty winter of polar i, sympathy witll his fortunes, he conceived that all regions, and the autumn of more genial clime&, phenomena had a direct relAtion to himlelf-that tile atmospheric aerenity of those aeasoua being a myaterioul connection existed between thc eventl specially favourable to tIleir visibility, and per. of his ephemeralliIe and the cyclical movements chance to their occurrence. An aurora commenoea I

of the Itar8, and he uneasily BOught in the complex I after sunaet, rarely later than midnight, its dura- :: changea of tile heavens for indications of the I· tion varying from a few hoW'll to aeverallU~ve ' future that might determine his faltering &tepa. , nights, while 10 manifold are ita aspects and 10

From ita weird and fantastic character tile polar . rapid its transitions that tIley can acaroely be ;, aurora is peculiarly adapted to elicit these emo· . comprehended in a general description Deceaaa.rily tions ; and, as that eeen by imagination is but the terse. shadow of the actual projected in;;o infinite .pace;: An aurora is alwaVl! llreoedlllif1u..~~oe

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1kPI'. !II, 1880., AURORAS. 381 ---------------------- - ---- -----------------on the horizon of a brown haze, paaaing into I netic action on the magnets and actual occupation violet, through which the stars may be dimly of the wires. These strauge phenomena vary -. which is diffused laterally and upward to a with the intensity of the aurora, but they have height of from 5° to 10", at which it is bonnded been satisfactorily determined by repeated obserby a luminous arc. This is occasionally agitated vation, all telegraphic operations being aometimea for hours by a tremulous movement and eeeming stopped for hoUl"ll. efi'e"eBCence ere rays of light rneh from it upwartl. To apprehend clearly tbe nature of this auroral into the zenith, glowing with the prismatic cololU"ll action on the wires &8 distinguiehed from that of a between vic1et and purple red, whoso rapid undue thunderstorm, it must be premieed that the voltaic latory motion call1eB a continuoWl change in their or chemical electricity used for telegraphio pur· form and aplendour. Sometimes these columna of poees is of low tension, continuou. flow, and per· light are mingled with dark ray-. IOmewhat like featly controllable; whereas the free electricity of Fraunhofer's linea in the IOlar .pectrum; at the atmospbere is of high teneiOD, exploding others the whole heaven is radiant with oerusca- with vivid light wben it finde a conductor, and tiona, whoee brilliancy eeems intensified by the II dying in the very moment of ita birth." rapidity of their amillion, though it is ever During a vivid anrora a new fIIOIh of electricity, greatest at the arc in which they originate. When of totally distinct character from either of these, is these streams of glory, rieing simultaneously from revealed: it b&8 low tenaion, chemical decom· variOUl painta, nnite in the zenith, they form a posing power, alternating polarity, induces mag· brilliant crown of light; but tbie is rare, and netiBm, and produces ou the electro·magnets of a alwaye premonitory of the end of the aurora, line tbe laDle effect II that of continuouBlyopening which then rapidly pales and vanisbes, leaving &8 and closing the circuit. An instance of tbis speciliu records of ita preeence only a faint haze on the action may be adduced. horizou, and a few nebuloUl spota arranged in In 1852, when auroras were very brilliant streab upon the sky. A faint sulphurous odour throughout North America, tbe auroral current is at times apprehended, similar to tbat attendant manifested iteelf unmiBtakeably on many of the on a thunderstorm, and a sharp crepitation hll telegraphic lines. 'l'he main wire of one particular been heard, :tegarding which the incredulity of line, to which we have reference, WII connected IIOJIle in opposition to reliable testimonies is not with a chemically prepared paper on a disk, and very philOlOphical. Burns, who W&8 a good on tbie the ordinary atmOllpheric currenta were obeerver of nature, alluded to it, and hie evidence actually eelf.regietered. The uana1 voltaic current is not to be despised: -deoompoeing the Balta of the paper and uniting

with the iron point of the pen-left a blue murk .. The cauld blue North 11'&8 ftashing forth varying with the intensity of ita action. On this

Her ligbts wi' hiBBing eerie din-" I' occasion, the batteries being at the time detachcd, ,I Signs of positive electricity have aleo been a. dark blue line appeared on the moistened paper, II frequently obeerved in the atmospbere at these and WII succeeded by an intenae flame wbich II times. burnt through twelve thicknB811811. This current

It hae been observed that a.urorae are moBtvivid then gradually died away, and was followed by a

".1 and frequent when the higber atmosphere con· negative one which bleached and changed similarly

taina thOlla delicate flowing clouds, termed cirri. into flame. The force which had tbus intervened These have a singular tendency to Polar arrange- on the wires continued to act II long &8 the anrora ment, like that of the auroral rays, and occasion· lasted, and effectually put a stop to bUlin8111. ally a train of cirri thus dispoeed have been Extraordinary II it may seem, the auroral cur· identified as having been luminous rays the pre- rent-the preeence of which hae been thus made ceding night,-the vehicle of an evanescent: vieiblt)-has been actually used for the transmission splendour. . of human tbought very recently.

The condition of the atmoephere, indicated by' The brilliant aurorae of last autumn, which I cirri, is attended with magnetic disturbances. : excited the admiration of England, while interI This haring been stated, the coincidence of cirri I ntpting ita means of communication, were not

I with auroras gives a special significance to their merely local, but prevailed simultaneously"all ovcr i meridional direction aud evolution of light at the Europe, Northern Africa, Northern America, thc

Poles, did thoee facta Btand alone. But of all phe- West Indies, and Australia, satisfactorily est.". I nomena accompanying the aurora tboee most bliBbing the tmity of the action. This magnetic

. invariable are magnetic ones. The needle is or auroral storm had rendered all the telegrapbic deflected by it first west, then east. Thie is lines of Canada and the Northern States unavail·

: , notioed even in distaut places where the aurora is able, except at irregular intervals, for several II not visible, proviug that the action is not merely days. : I local; and 10 invariable are tbese magnetic dis- On the 2nd of September, the auroral influence turbances, that the celebrated Arago WII thereby being very active in the Boston terminus of the

I enabled to detect the preeence of an aurora Boston and Portland line, the proper voltaic cur· from the subterranean chambers of the Paris rent being alternately intensified and neutra1ieed observatory. by it visibly, it occurred to tbe interested operator

, i But the moBt remarkable evidence of the imme. in the office, that if the batteries were detached

.! :t~::nl:e:,f c!~~~~~o~s !~n:l~fl:n:e me:. !:t~,t::e l~~~~~:gt~::~ cC:::'~i;:h p~~ mentary interruption of communication like that chance, be made \\se of. The idea is characteris-

I. occurring during a thunder· storm, but iu the mag· tically American. in its JItilitatil . w. Having 'I Digitized by uUU \:

382 ONCE A WEEK. [Sar. ••• 1 ....

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communicated tbia design to his Portland correspondent, the conception waa immediately acted on, with fortunate success, and despatches were transmitted for two hours in that manner more effectually than could then have been done with the customary batteries.

A like extraordinary application 'Waa made of the auroral ourrent, on the IllUDe day, on the Fall River and South Braintree Line_

To a correat apprehension of this strange occurrence it is necaaary to remember that the direction of the poles of the several batteries on a line is immaterial, provided it be uniform, otherwise the ourrents would neutralise each other. When the aurora supervenes on a line, following in Bucoeaaive and differently polarised waves, the ordinary voltaic current i. alternately neutralised and intensified beyond control. In the above C&IIeB

-the batteries having 'been detached-the abnormal poIitive current 'Would not increue, or the negative one decrease, the availability of the wireB. The waves were observed to endure about fifteen seconds, inteDBifying with the time, to be .ucceeded by one of the reverse polarity. The singular phenomena indicating disturbancae of the equilibrium of the earth'. magnetic forcae have been collectively claIIIIed by Humboldt aa mag7letic 8t0rm8. They are marked, aa we have Been, by CirroUl disposition of the clouds, perturbation. of the needle, obBeBsion of telegraph.wireB, and the aurora. The evolution of light in the latter invariably terminates the movement, aa in a thunder· storm lightning re·eatabliahes the equilibrium of the atmospheric electrio forcae.

After these illustration. of the phenomena attendant on the aurora, some attention may be directed to an inquiry into its caUBeB.

Whatever may be its origin, that the auroral aation takes place within the limits of the atmosphere, Bearoaly higher than the region of cini, and that it participates' in the movement of the earth., appears from the fact that the diurnal rotation, at the rate of a thousand miles an hour, effeata no perceptible change in its aapeat. Its absolute height haa been variously estimated: by Euler at thousands of miles, by others aa within the cloud region. It baa been erroneously con· ceived that the height might be determined by observation of the corona, which is only an effect of perspective, owing to the convergence of parallel rays; each individual Beeing hi. own aurora, 8S

his own rainbow, from hiB particular point of view. As the centre of the aro is alwaYI in the magnetic meridian, simultansous observation from two atatiODl on the lame meridian, with an interval BUfficient to constitute a reliable bue, might however effeat the desired object.

The accepted theory with scientific men is, that the aurora is an eleatrical phenomenon occurring in the atmosphere, coDBiBting in the production of a luminous ring with divergent rays, having for its centre the magnetic pole, and its produotion is supposed to be thua accounted for. The atmosphere and the earth are in opposed electrio conditions, the neutralisation of which is effected through the moisture wherewith the lower air is charged. In the Polar regions, whereto the great tropical currents are conatantly bearing aqueous

vapour, whioh the oold condenses in the form oi I' haze, this catalysis would mOlt frequently OOOIU'. \

When the positively electric vapour is brought i,

into eontaat with the negatively electric tlaI'th, equilibrium would be effected by a m.charge, accompanied in certain states of the atmoBphere by ~e auroralthlight. This. is the&lBUmed to .. ~ I, contingent on e presence m atmoepouon> of minute icy particles, conatituting a haze, which I becomes luminoua by the electric diacharge. ' Aeronauts have found the atm08phere at grea* I heights, while serene and cloudlfll8, to be per- Ii vaded by this traneparent haze of which cini are conceived to consist.

In oonfirmation of this hypothesis, it baa been experimentally shown that when the union of the two electricities is effected in rarified air near the I! pole of a magnet, a luminous ring is produced which haa a rotary motion according to ths direction of the discharge. Thus then, when electrical disoharges occur in the polar regioDB between the poIitive electricity of the atmOlphere and the negative electricity of the earth, the magnetic poles of the esrth would exercise a limilar inSu- I' ence on the icy haze which is conceived _ntial I to the evolution of the auroral light. Thus the are Been by the obaerver would be that portioD of the luminous ring above his horizon, varying with the distance from the pole. Only when it reaches his zenith could he be in immediate contaat with the auroral haze, and then only would the &IIIel'ted orepitation become audible, '" hich is &lBUmed to be .identical in nature with that produced by an I' electrical machine. The sulphurous odour would i: be due to the generation of ozone from the oxysen

of the air. \'; Now, though this theory would intelligibly explain the mode of phenomenal manifestation. it may reasonably be objeated that, in hypothetising a continuous electric action in the atmosphere. it I does not sufficiently account for the ascertained periodicity of auroras by assuming that their I

visibility aud the variation in their intensity &1'8 . ;

consequent on the condition of the &tm08Jlhere. I It is discreetly ailent as to the JIMXk of induction , of this special atmospheric condition; and there- i fore -a88uming their invariable ooineidence and I

conneation-as to the ~1I' caU8e of auroras. , We humbly conceive that the cause must be I

BOught beyond the atmosphere in the duatuationa II of that great solar foroe, to which is primarily attributable the induction of telluric magnetism, and which must enter aa a prime motive in all atmospheric phenomena.

The irregularities of solar aation have an intel- ' ligible exponent in the phenomenal changes ! i observable on the disk of the lun. Its lPOts are I' subjeat to remarkable variationa in form and size, contracting or dilating in unison with the variable I vivacity of its constitutional force, and the period I' of these variatioll&--88cular, annual, and diurnalhave been approximately determined. 'I

The direct relation between these OIICillationa of ,; the solar atmosphere and the intensity or direc. I tion of the magnetio forces, aa indicated by the needle, long inferred, are now satisfactorily established. From late obaervatioJl8 JDBde at 1 ' ChriBtiruUa, in Norway, by Hansteen.. J\lbaa been

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Bur. lit, uoo.J JAPANESE FRAGMENTS. 383

lIIICeliained that the maximum of magnetic in· r aon of sandal tied with strings round the lower tensity corresponds with the minimnm of inclina'l part of the fetlock; the eaddle conaiata of a simple tiOD; and that for both the period of oacillation wooden tree, fastened over a cloth; the eaddle· is 116 daye, which is preciaeJy the shorter period i tree baa crnpper and breast·straps, both highly .-igned by Wo1ft't the solar spotB. I n8C8llllal'Y in so hilly a country. From either side

To exprea these reau1tB in 1_ technical lan· of the aaddle·tree hang down two leather flaps. gaage, when the lnminous atmosphere of the sun Our servantB rush at the poor s~ed, carrying two is more eqnally dift"uaed, indicating the higheat I huge lacquered boxes, each half as long as the energy of that constitutive foroe pervading, vital. animal; they strap the box .. together in mch a ising, and perchance evolving it; then, through way that they hang suspended over the eaddle the tremulou medium of the intervening ether, against the ftanka of the horae, the two leather the earth thrilla respousively with intenaer life. flaps before mentioned eerving to prevent them This epoch of exceptional magnetic intensity is rubbing through itB ribs. Another trunk is now that apecially .igna1iaed by anroraa, more or 1_ brought. and placed acrou the eaddle·tree, and vivid, by atmospheric perturbations, and occa- partially aecured to it. The traveller'a aleeping eionally by volcanio convulaiona. mat and padded quilt are now apread over all. and

The remarkable anroraa of last autumn have tied here and there to boxes, lIapa. and eaddle· been ~ed by anomalous and DDkiudly _ tree. Poor Rozinante looka very like the hobby. sona, ominous of coming sorrow. which, if not horae of an ancient" myaterie "-merely a head, within the power of man to prevent, he might tail, and a deal of drapery. The traveller now have been prepared to alleviate, or courageoualy mounts, going up, as Mr. Harey haa at laat dis· endure, had he been better able or more willing to covered to be the proper way, straight over the .. discem the face of the sky," if not from love of shoulder. Our Japaneae attendant, however, in abstract acience, from the lower conaideration of doing so, looka much more like an old lady getting his material comfort. . up into a four· poet bed, than to an Alexander

Whatever the wilful ignorance of man, lince he mounting a Bucephalus. Balanoing himaelf care· ia rarely entirely deprived of divine guidance, or fully on the top of the pile of boxes, and placing unillumined by transient gleame of light--obscured his legs where he can find room, our friend now and dift"racted though it be by the medium through commencea to atow away in sundry hoI.. and which it ia tranamitted-might not the vague comer&, or to tie to diven stringa, an appalling alarm of antiquity represent a dim and confused number of artiC'l .. : yet they are all nece_ry. apprehenaion tbat auroraa were symbola of the Firat comea the lanthom; it hangs prominently to variable activity of a central force, with the fluo· the bowe, so to apeak, of this animated ship. On tuations in which the condition of the earth. as it our anna or creat have been duly emblazoned. the abode of human life, was connected? By night there must be a light in it; and whether

FRANcIS MORTON. by night or by day, it aunounces our rank and ------------------ dignity to the authorities, police, or fellow·

JAPANESE FRAGMENTS. :BY CAPTAllf SHERARD OSBORN, R.N.

travellers. Then there ia a afiring of the copper coin of the country, far too cumbrous for the pocket; a clothea brush and fly·lIap; a paper

CBAl'TER VlI. waterproof coat; a broad·brimmed tile for heavy IF the native artiat haa faithfully pourtrayed rain or strong aunlight: and, laatly, a bundle of

horse-breaking in Japan in the accompanying sketch, spare straw ab088 for the horse. Thus equipped, theearlytrainingofthoaeNiponateedamuatpartake with two men to lead, and two more on either conaiderably of our English ideaa of human educa· side to _ilt him in preserving hia balance, our tion in the last century, the Jortittr in re prevail. Japaneae friend aigu that he ia ready. We ing conaiderably over the B1UI1Iitu in modo. And therefore approach the other animal, which at a the aystem appears in both cues to have been abort distance looka aa if it waa just ready to take mcceaaful in producing hard·mouthed lteeds, and part in a deadly tilt in Front·de·lbuf's caatle. Our obstinate old partiea; we in England Buffer from horse looka warlike enough, but what ahalll say of the latter, the traveller in the land of the Day the one of a Japanese noble juat arrived? It ia Dawn has to enoounter the former. indeed a gorgeou creature; itB headstall richly

Our ateeda, though apoilt in the mouth, are in ornamented with beautiful specimena of Japaneae other reapecta nice little animal., compactly built, skill and taste in caating, chaaing, and inlaying hardy, and exhibiting considerable care in breed· in copper and bronze, the leather perfectly oovered ing, grooming, and stabling. But their appear· with theae omament&. The frontlet had a golden ance ia moat extraonlinary. Two stood before or gilt horn projecting. The mane waa carefully ua-one equipped purely d la Japonnaitte, which plaited, aud worked in with gold and ailver as I will first deaoribe; for in the wilder parte of well as Bilken thread&. The laddle, which was a Japan, as well as amongst native travellers who Japanese imitation in leather, lacquer, and inlaid have great diatances to go, thia ia still the usual bronze, of thoae in use amongst the Purtugueae mode of conveyance, although not conaidered as and Spaniard. in the days of Albuquerqne, was honourable as being carried by portera in cloae I a perfect work of art, and only excelled in work· box.. called II norimaa" and .. cangoa." Tbe, manahip, weight, and value by the huge stirrups. horse has nina of common blue ootton material, , The reina were of Bilk; a rich 80Iriet net of the fitted to rather a cruel bit; the reina are aplit, eame material hung over the animal's shouMers and hang down ou either aide for men to lead it and crupper. The eaddle·cloth was a leopard's by. The animal's aboea are of atraw. plaited-a , skin; and, laatly, all. a perfecL lb' h the long

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switch tail was encased in a blue silk bag reaching be inclined to admit in the Royal Academy, much nearly to the ground; whilst, instead of the shoes leas on a highway. As everybody in Japan being of ordinary straw, they were made of cotton appeared to be too well bred to notice what we and silk interwoven. Not being either a noble or might have otherwise considered indelicate, we a prince, we are more modest in our show; but held our peace; yet the contrast between the the prefusion of ornaments and metal even on our nigh naked porters and some of the well·dreseed, steed's saddle, stirrupB, and headstall, are only to luxuriously equipped parties met on the road wu be equalled by the exceasive discomfort, indeed very strange. 'l'he Japanese noble or gentleman I

pain, of riding far, except in armour, upon such represented the height of refinement; bot his medieval saddlery. It is time, however, to start; porter or retainer stnlck one as the embodimeut our norimas or palanquins follow ready for use of sensum! life-rough. coarse, careleee, and fear· when the sun is higher; the stout porters shoulder leas. They were well cared for, so far as food the luggage; and away we go. Our attendants, went, and that seemed everything to them. I porters, and others in the hostelry, had been moat could not help wondering whether our Englilh careful to appear in their liveries, consisting of serfs, or even the retainers of feudal times, were simple blue cotton shirt and trousers, on which a any better. I strongly auspect not. England of creat or design was stamped here and there; but the Tudors must have been very like the JaplIII of on the road it was amusing to see how they to-day. The coarse animal enjoyments of the 10ftI' stripped to their work, and tucked up their trows, I[ classes in Japan are favourite subjects for the showing more flesh than even Lord Lovo.ine would pencils of their artists, some of whom appear to

HOI'8O-brenkingln J3pnn. (Fac-aimilo.)

desire to correct the vice by broad exaggerations the villages, we are strnck with their beauty, iD. and Punch·like sketches. Take, for instance, the dependence, and the care evidently bestowed opon one (page 387) which i9 wittily entitled .. How them. The majority have not, it is true, much Soldiers are fed in Nipon ! " Were ever soldiers clothing to boast of, but they evidently, as they 110 fattened up, ever so well entertained! Sigh, ye play round the strangers, know that DO one will Guardsmen ! Your labours consist of something hurt them. Weare told that the numerous chll1'Ull more than merely preparing your mesa, devouring hung about them are to ward off the .. evil eye" it, and then sitting down to digest it, whilst -rather a necesaary precaution, when we lICe

fanning to cool yourselves. And whatever may the little innocents in close contact with vice iD have been the experiences of the European soldier its moat rampant form, or such a lIOeDe as thai or sailor as to the rapid expansion of his body before \IS.

under the effects of good food after short rations, Under a porch, and in an angle by the aide of we do not remember to have heard of anything, their houae, B man and his wife are enjoying I

either in poetry, prose, orilluatration, similartf} the tub of warm water in the open air. He is scene pourtrayed opposite of the Japanese troops seated on the rim of the tub with his legs in the arming, after a sojourn in some Capua of rice, water; his wife, a fine buxom young womaD, ill fish, and sakee. bllsy with a bundle of flax, instead of a sponge,

On the other hand, if we tum from these rubbing down his back: both are just as they coarse, gross retainers, to the childreo, whether came' into the world, and evidently as iDdifferen~ boys or girla, who are -playing by the roadside in . to their neighbours 'as tllet'rcfei oours are to

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them. Nobody looks at them, yet it is contrary I aaid, .. They are as great beauties as one shall see in to our ideas of prol'riety, and we do not like seeing' Japan, yet their behaviour, to all appearance, children in the neighbourhood, but so it is. is modest and free, neither too bold and loose,

The boys, we are told, are not left to ron nor dejected and mean." The poor girls at the tea· about in the. streets until they grow into men. hO\llle8 we need not dwell upon; their counterparts About seven y8&l'll of age they are taken in hand are found in all lands ; but the opposite extreme by their fathere, or hired masters; hardihood, of the social scale is proportionately refined. obedience, and skill in the use of arms is The child of the nobleman-a sketch of one we steadily inculcated. 'fhey are kept away from gave in a previous chapter-is an example of the· womea, whether mothers or sisters, who are luxury of thOle classes. A face of classical beauty, said to only render them effeminate, and the according to Japanese notions, combined with beat schools or colleges are situated in lonely un· great modesty of exprell8ion, black hair turned up frequented places. A knowledge of reading and and ornamented with long gold pius and scarlet writing is very general amongst these people, more crape flowers, an outer robe of the mOl!t costly 80 we fear than in England, and the gentry take silk, embroidered in gold and confined at the can! to finish the education of their sons by severe waist by a scarf, lIpon which the highest female training in all the £0l'1li8 of etiquette, and above art has been expended in ornament, and tied all in their extraordinary code of honour, the IIIlm in a large bow behind, the ends flowing over ' of which is, that suicide, or "the happy a long train formed by seven or. eight silk petti. despatch," by cutting open the stomach, abeolves coats, each longer and richer than the other. a gentleman from all blame; and if he misconducts A aailor may pry no farther into the mysteries himeeII, or fail in his duty to the state, he may, by I of female finery! She must be accomplished' eelf.destruotiou, aave family and connection from in music, embroidery, singing, and, above all, shame, and his proPerty from confiscation. I in skilfully improvising verses for the delectation

Thoroughly drilled of her future lord. and schooled into Duty, a bundle of t.bia idea, impreued keys, weekly ac· with a deep senae counts, and good of obedience, the housewifery are all Japuese boy is then very well. They put into the world are expeoted-the to play his part, and Japanese gentleman we are not therefore requires all that;· aartoniahed to 1ind but he wishes, nay, thM, one day, his insist., upon the rnler can restrain marriage. yoke being him from gratifying entwined with roses his eager curiosity and padded with to _ WI, by llimply the softest ailk,-it stretching a piece of must not chafe; if packthread . 8ClO8II it does, off he goes the end of a street to his club, or, what full of a thouaand Soldiers armiDg. (F .a!mIle.) is nearly .. bad, his excited creaturee ; "" tea·house. The law or that, next day, if he is told to do so, he will allows him to do so, and is he not lord of the out up a European-nay, more, if he be a retainer, land! The consequence is, that Japanese ladies at ~he command of his immediate chief, attack any are very accomplished, very beautiful, and bear one, at any personal risk or coat, be he Taikoon, high characters in all that conetitutea charming Mikado, or prince. women; and their admirers, touched with their

The future of the Japanese girl playing at our many attractions, declare in Eastern metaphor, stirrup is far 1_ certain; she has an important that for such love as theirs the world were indeed part to play, but it is a fearful lottery with her if welllOBt. she be of humble extraction. Those poor girls in These lovely creatures do sometimes confer their the tea.houaes, the women in the temples, the hands and hearts upon love·lorn swains, and all attendants in the public gardens, the ranks of the we pray is that it may never be our lot, like .. my Bikuni, have all to be filled up from the middle Lord Brookhurst," to be popped down in a palanand lower claases. They may become famous in quin on the dusty highway, because we happen to Japanese history, for Japanese history recognises meet such a royal lady proceeding to meet her ita Aspaaias, .. Greece and Egypt did of old. They future spouse, and have to ait in dust and heat for may, by their wit or beauty, win the hearts of three long hOIlrll whilst her array passes on its wealthy men, who will take them for wivCB, way. A prond pageant must be IUch a cavalcade and thus resoue them from their wretched lot. -attendants on generous steeds, all richly appa· But in Japan, as in Europe, there is a wide, wide reled, emblazoned aaddlllll, bridles studded with difference between the high and low of woman· precious metals, and a body.guard armed with kind, though equally gentle, though equally boWB and arrows, pikes and muskets; ladiee of lovely. We have told of the Bikuni, for whom I honour seated in chariots drawn by oxen and we shall claim the character given them by one I horses, adorned with gilded chains and led by whose heart was in the right place; he generously: numerous lacqueys; .the cliliti.o.tsOgli~ring with

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richest lacquer and painting, the wheels inlaid with mother-of-pearl so &I to reflect the sunlight! A

wedding Plkpan muat a hravg I But satisfied old am'

z".t------20r's acco _ .. ne, and i~ l--.. ssible that, t2,e present ,!"!,, th"re is 1888 and mo----

good sense in royal or princely progreBBes in Japan, for, 80 far &I our own observation went, there W&l a singular absence of anything approaching to

show. Yedo, aUh----hh great pom" insisted i" all that

l'_yal affairs, looking Uh down thlk crowdg!,

street, the traveller would be struck with the quiet coloura which prevailed in the dreaa of the people-eapecially in the men-who were invaria· blh clothed in blue or black, plain or checked, with

exceI)tion, that W&l policemeu, were attilk-1§::h harleq",g", or where-exoept to g*---l ____ -tice of 'presence, Wg

did not learn. - These policemen had no arms, except an iron spike about four feet long, with a number of loose rings in a loop at the end, which, jingling together like the alarum of a rattlesnake, ,, _____ ed the that th"

In spite and of l,gder by lkrowd Wkkkk

sometimes kept from annoying us, or impeding our progrese; in sVite of the arrangement by which, in every town or large village, a series of barriers occurred at every two or three hundred yards,

two headE"kk:""f.,hkk in each &I to sud, shut off kkkkcape of gli:!inal, or

',lg"ent the if"tension of there W"t, , kkkk"se of ariaing coUBtani presence of armed men, and the fact that every nobleman, and especially the great princes, had in their pay V&lt bodies of retainers, ready to l"lzurm any giolence chief onln --.t------,ed the of gi' ign order.

can----t I---BSibly £l"-1§::guger England be when each baron had his own armed retainers, or when every free man and noble walked about with a sword by his side. They are no better, and we believe n? worse,_ and unt~ the Japanese generally

It Wt,gZ,h, opme, :!ell for Okkkk' t,-t,gg]Uer'8 to be likewise.

be lese If.,ygln to sasail European when he sees him ready to defend himself, and it is not likely that we should become l18Bailants.

Every Japanese gentleman carries two swords, somewhat than the and in thlk of one of is insert,,_l daggg"

-1§::Inch still in his hlk-, ,_I, t"g weapons Thes' ' are nev",

parted with; even when seated one is still kept in the belt, the o~er laid down by the side. The value of these weapon8 is sometimes enormous,

no forein"lkl purchase :!ithout thg lkglksent of thlk lkutf.,gnties, a je-,l' ___ 'g said to aria"

a belief dlkpanese ____ d Japane----go togethlll, The old motto upo"

Toledo blades, .. Draw me not without reason, sheathe me not without honour," bas a practical exemplification in Japan. They dislike drawing thgi-- awords f"l kkkklkre exhibitig", ,. it W&l n"t

2f. lUlo.

good to look upon naked IwordS amongst friend-. " I,

&I one native remarked at Yedo. This feeliDg : from no aqUeamiahnif-1§::~, but rather

a deep se,-1§::" the II&d "f appeala the sword, t·:~:use no"" them be:!

soon the ifhge the awo!'h be thei!' sharp bridge to another state of existence. Indeed, whilst we are writing, news has reached UI of recen t appeals to arms in that fair city of Yedo.

hifttile prin,,: hitttted his ret,t; ,lY"t to cat off :,ho i8 at Regent houng Tai-

They "lthough :!"unded th" h"gtnt, in con:!",, ____ ,, __ of the of his O---lY guArd. The auailanta fled, followed by the Imperial fOroeB. A few only _ped; and mark the desperate valour of th_ men_ every one of the retreating partg fell through w,~,,,,,ds "r fatigue.

comrades ,I",'"pi, ___ ted the,,, that nlY ""ih"nce shoulh £~_rthcoming i,' __ ,,,Ipate th",--

! The in th" TI;'-"h"dy ia tI,,_ .. happy despatch" the 11l181lcceBBlul nobles, and all this in 1859-how very horrid and bar· barous, BOme may lay. We reply, go read the History of England, and say how long it is since :!" ,,:!erged fro:! th,,~ ,tAtndition ; : ____ ember, w __

Christians, people are hI,ere used some years "hAt Japan

curioua custom, wl,lch it is posaible baa in this day ceased to be practised-for even in the East there is a progreu-and it illustrated the native valour and generous courage of these people

more ,t-''-'''h1y than wh"t have jkkiIh occur in When a had co:!'

a crim,_, :!:!'h,y of deatI" might, if inste:h diaembow~,ni"n himself,

upon his kith and kin to &lBemble in hia abode, ',I' and endeavour to hold it by force of uma against the Imperial forces. The fight generally ! tt-1§::kkinated in Ilaught~,t_ g __ ", strange

any of llliI who £"il",-1 share a melk '_''_'''''idered to _ii,t,~_noured..

frl __ t let us The s"" risen higl:_, it is rather warm and dusty, and the demi-peak saddle lined with br&88 not the most pl_nt of seata. We call the norima-men to bring that Japanese palantuin within reach, and take refuge

It look" but it is and is co,,-,kkkkkcted of panels varnished

The very comf"frl __ kkf.,lg furniah-1§::n, and allows one to lie down with much ease. The pole of the norima is the important feature: it p_ over the roof, and by ita length and massive proporti~ns . our rank is proclaimed. A amall llkkkk,ble mdiV1gggZ, short, ; a great i:!I-,trtant one. Tf.,g

are very far.. men __ oncemed i huZ- l,he laws and allow

considerable licence to ladies upon the question of poles to their norim&l. Huge &I the pole looks, KlI:>mpfer &l8urea us the materials of which it is tlYkfully const""lk,-tll, thin slabs or cedar,

much gl"g, ,lgplive it of itlk weigbfrl porters d .. , --ppt'ar to it or 0" __

w"if.,ht, and a sharp If we were a Japanese prince, our pole would only rest on the palms of the men'l hands, and they would strut th~ugh all the towns in a v~ry qnaint, __ .... g __ omb-like ; not bein" P."l'--1*.-. w. e

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88rr. 29. 1880.] JAPANESE FRAGMENTS. 387

Bh01lldered, and our bearers walk like human I annually with all his relatives or retainers to and beings. We thank Providence, however, that we I from the capital. Every governorship, judgeship, are aufficiently exalted to be allowed a norilllll and generalahip ia in duplicate, one at court, the inatead of having to travel in the amaIler convey· I other in office; they reUeve each other annually. ance called a cango-a aort of a bird.cage open at Then all the ahrines have to be viaited, and the aides, which by far the major portion of the pilgrimagea done-in fact, everybody _ms to people we meet on the roads are compelled to be . travel more or 1_ in Japan, yet they travel very aatiafied with. We know what it ill to be cramped I, uncomfortably &8 far &8 the vehicles are concerned. np in a cango, becaDlle in scaling the two or three After a llhort stage in our norima, the general . high ranges of mountain·land between Yedo and . halt ia BOUnded; another poat-house receives us, Miaco, people of all grades must get into them, in I another meal is diacussed, and following the general consequence of the llteepness and danger of the I custom of those around us, we all go off for an mountain pathL But how those poor women and . afternoon'a nap. It ia very un-English this custom men can lit there in the dust, ann, rain, or wind, ~ of 1I1eeping away two hours of the afternoon; the cramped up with their knees and china together, ' Chinamen don't do it, yetthey appeared to go all to through lOme of the terribly long journeys they , lIleep in YedO during the afternoon. Posaibly the have to make, ia a perfect mystery. They must I custom has been derived from the old Portuguese, be a patient, 10ng.su1fering race, or they would Spanish, and Dutch visitors: it ia not the only have rebelled against it, for by the laws they must point in which we recognise a grafting of European travel Every noble and every official passes i habits on to native ones, and it will be deeply

How Suldie1'8 are Fed In Nlpoll. (Fac-aimlle ora aketcb from Yedo.j (8ee p. 3S4.)

I; interesting for future visitors to this strange people to note how far their ancient love for European ; I . customs has allowed those clllltoms to lIurvive

i,l the subsequent persecution and expulaion of the foreigner.

II Nigh unto our resting-place a monastery of

an accumulation of wealth, 8uch a profUllion of human wit and ingenuity, as perfectly put to blnBh all the cathedrala of Europe. The great bell of that Temple weighed alone two million and a quarter Dutch pounds, and 80 huge was the principal idol-a bronze one-that one of the ambassador's luite could not embrace the thumb with both hands; 100,000 men were at work on the edifice, and had been for lOme time, and yet it was still incomplete. Satau, as the worthy Dou sugg8lts, could not have invented a ahorter way of impoverishing the national exchequer than in the construction of such temples aud such idols. In all probability, wars and earthquakes have awept away many of theBe aucient and wealthy temples; but we shall be curious to read the report of the first traveller who visits Miaco in the present day, and is allowed to see it, and tell 1lII what he has seen. ADiilt...fro~1their wealthy

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blind devotees, or monka, or the shrine of lOme beneficent god or goddess would, in all probability, be found; and it was charming to observe how lively was the faith of these poor ialanders, and how well their clergy _med to be supported, aud how rich their teml,les were in such wealth as the land possessed. Izi former days, wben more of the interior was knowu, European visitors were atruck with the vast wealth of aome of these edifices, and their descril'tioDl, supported by Japanese authorities, are truly marvellollll. For instance, in the great temple of Miaco the Spaniah Ambll88&dor, Don Rodriguez de Vivero, saw IUch

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shrines there are many curious ones famous for . miracles performed, which 1FOUld put many to the

I . blush nearer Bome. There ill, for instance, at Firando, near our old trading port, a shrine where ladies in a certain condition go to pray that they may be hlest with male children. "Oh, givt' me a boy, great goddess!" they cry, "md I'll bear him cheerfully even though he be a big one I" On Kin-sin there ill mother shrine, over a spot where formerly stood a Cl'UcifiI; the inexhaustible wood of which, if swallowed in a powder, al_ys

. led to the detection of a thief, by causing him to awell to m inordinate size. Then there are, as in all Buddhist lmda, hoepitala for dumb oreatures, of which the waggish Japaneee tell many good stories; especially of that one for doge, fouuded by a crazy Taikcon; md ho ..... one hot day, when two honest porters were oanying to the oemetery the carcaae of a brute. ".Friend," quoth one, as they toiled up the hill side, "this ill raacally work for hnmm beings. Hmg the Taikcon and his love for doge! I wish he was here to carry about dead on88!" .. Hush I" replied his comrade. "we are born to obey. and Taikcons to do as they please. Let ns only thank Buddah that our ruler did not take it into his head to make a hospital for horaea I Fmcy whllt it wonld have been to carry one of them to its grave on such a day!"

Thus, there is no lack of interest, wit. md fun, even by the wayside in Japan, and without taking our readers for another day's journey, we think we have said enough to excite the curiosity of future adventurous travellel'll, and to encourage them to strive to open to our modern ken thill strange lmd and wonderfnl people. ..... ho, believe me, in spite of their hot tempers and sharp l'Words, are anything but savages, md whose country, although it has no butchers' shops whither to send for your pound of beef-steaks or mutton-chops, and although it is occasionally shaken by earthquakes, is a pleasant place of sojourn notwithstanding.

------THE BEECH TREE.

I BA VB always been of opinion that the beech tree ill by far the most beautiful tree our island produces, although Mr. Gilpin in his work ou "Forest Scenery" is of a different-opinion. He says the sight of it, in full leaf, ill unllieaeing, having the appearance of an overgrown bUlh, reminding me of what Swift, who _ms to have taken but little notice of inanimate Nature, said when he saw one of these tre.: .. Obeerve how sparkish a periwig adorns the head of a beech,"-referring to the enormous wigs worn in his days.

The picturesque beauty of the beech dependa very much on its soil and situation. It should not be encroached upon by other trees, but have free scope to expand its elegant foliage md brenches. Beeches thrive best on calcareous hills, and abound in the vein of chalk wbich ruUB through Dorsetshire, Wiltshire, Hampshire, Surrey, S118IIeX, md Kent, md branches out into Berkshire and Buckinghamahire. In the latter country-which by the way derives its name from the beech_the beech gro'WB to a large size.

The remarkable passage which occnra in CIeIar'S

account of Britain-" Materia cnjnaque generia uti in GalliA eat, pneter Fagnm atque abietem"disturbs every reader of his Commentaries, who renders ,. Fagus" a beech tree, .. it ill evident that CR!I&r must·have marched with his army t.hronp the beechen wcode of Kent, whether he ,.-i the Thames or the Medway; but if 0-, by Fagns, meant the same tree as Vitrnvine, the difticulty ill SUnDounted, for Vitrnvius in the followiag paaaagea claaeee Fagns with other kinda of oak. : -" Corms, suber, Faps, quod. parvam habeant; mixtionem hnmoria et ignis et terreui acria pbIrimum. perviA raritate hnmonll peuitns recipielldo. ce1eriter marceacnnt. "-De Arch., lib. ii., 0. 9.

.A&ain:-" Namque de oerro, aut Fap. _ Famo, nullna lid vet;netatem poteet permanere. "Lib. vii., o. 1.

Now, in the first quotation" FIId"ilI8Jlumwated among the sorta of oak. improper for building_ In the I8eOnd, Fagus ill eynonymone with Fam ... the meaning of which ill undoubted, as one kind of oak at this day ill called Farpo, or Famia, by the Italians.

It may be mentioned that Pliny, .... hen he writes of "Fagus," means evidently the beech :"Fagi glane nucleia simms triang\ll8. cute inc1uditur ; " and he is so far from recommending the mast or seed as food for men, that he only 11&71: "Muribus gratiaaima est, et ideo mnnalie eju proventns glires quoque saginU, expeditnr et turdis. "-Hist. Nat., lib. xvi., c_ 7.

Thus, by rendering the Fagns of C- and Virgil a kind of oak, which we have the authority of Vitrnvius for doing, we clear t .... o very obecure passages in these celebrated writers. The evidenoe of Vitrnvius, who was contemporary with Virgil. may be the more strongly insisted on. as he wrote expreaely on trees proper for buildingtimber. Mattria da. not include the beech among them. It may be mentioned that beech is not; rackoned timber in many parts of England at thia day. Still, after what has been said, I mnet alloW' that lOme obscurity still rests on the subject. I will only suggest that the word "Fagus" may poesibly have been used to comprehend a whole genu. of glaudiferous tl'888, iucluding the oak, the chesnut, and beech. Should it have been 10, __ h of the difficulty is got rid of.

We will conclude this short notice of the beech by recommeuding those of our readers who han not been there, to visit the Burnham beeches, near Slough. For size and picturesque beauty there is nothing to equal them either in this or perba,. in any other country. Like most pollarded R-eea, their girth is enormOU8, md their mOIl-grown roots are thrown out in curious contortio .... grasping the ground, as if setting all storms at defiance. Every lover of sylvan _ery will be able to appreciate the beauty of these beechea

Scathed b1 the lightning's bolt, the wintry storm, A. giaut brotherhood, 1e stand 8U blime ;

Like ROme h1llle fort.rua each inajeatic form Still frowns defiance to the power of time ;

Cloud after cloud tbe Btorms of war have roll'd, Since 18 your countleea yeai'll of long descent have told. '1'radition says that Harold's bowmen were

encamped in this wood, md that the Danes pol-larded the boechea. nmWARDJJDIL

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LAST WEEK. 11 called in qnestion. It was monstrous that an Irish Boman Catholic should be denied a share in the

THB !'OPE. government of this conntry, but it was all well TlIB intelligence from Italy keeps our news· , enough if a dead Proteetant in Spain was refused

mongers alive, alae there would be little left to talk I the rites of sepulture, or a living Protestant in about at this dull season of the year. Now that ~ Rome was consigned to chains and a dungeon. our oWD fean about our own harvest have been : The point chiefly in issue between the gladiators allayed, and we have made up our minds to the in this struggle now in progress in the Italian pe. untimely end of the young partridges, and have ninsula is, whether or no there shall be a broad ceased to look upon Volunteers as miraculous per· , line of demarcation drawn betweeJ) the functioDl ecmages, but for Italy we should all be driven to . of the spiritual and the temporal ruler. If this the II Gardener's Chronicle" and the .. Gentleman's 1 point is carried, the rest will follow. Without de. Magazine. .. The news from Italy alone, however, i seending to particulars, it is enough to say that if is enough for one week i-well nigh enough, if fairly I the education of the rising generation in any carried out in fact, to represent the handiwork country be withdrawn from the overwhelming and of a generation. Better far than the political reo oelusive influence of the priesthood, the human generation of Italy, although this was desirable mind will be left free to take its own couree in enough, is the destruction of the temporal power science. in literature, in political economy, in com. of the Pope. See what has been done in Austria mereial enterprise; and the results are in wiser

'I since the reactiOD sgainst the measures of Joseph handa tban our own. Hitherto, over the greater II II., even down to the days when Francis Joseph, lJart of Europe, the maxim of rulera has been-, I' unfortunately for himself, signed the Concordat •• rut out the Jight-lII1d then put out the light I" 1 with Bome. Look at Spain as she is, and con· ' What wonder if darknees has followed ?

I, I, aider what she has been since the time of Philip Events happen in their due eeason, and it would II. All this, and far more than this, is due to almost seem as if the old Boman pear were ripe at

: i the preponderance of a priestly caste which was last, and about to tall. Over and over again men great in Austria, Spain. and elsewhere, mainly be· have tried to pluck it when it was green and full

, cause the chief was reckoned amongst the rulers of sap. They failed, for the time had not yet of the earth. With purely religious questions we come. He would be a bold man who would say are not concerned-nor would we write a single that even now there is an end of the old tyranny phrase which might clash with the conscientious over the human intellect, but we mnst apeak of convictions of anyone of our readers; but we are things as we find them. It seems highly probable fully entitled to diaOUBB the enormous evila which 1 that jlllit now the Papacy is entering upon a new have arisen from a confusion between the things of phase of its uiatence. In its old form. it is

I this world, and those of the world beyond the attacked by forces more formidable than the free I grave. levies of Garibaldi, and the disciplined troops

I A government by priests is the very worst go. of Sardinia. Men have ceased to believe in the vemment which the world haa known. It is 80 Roman Ponti1F as a temporal ruler-and even

':'1 becanse in temporal mattera they are liable to the his spiritual power is shrewdly shaken by the same blunders, and under the influence of the evidence of the gross failure made by himself same ambitious thoughts all the laity, but to cha1. and hie predeceesors in merely temporal mat·

I lenge their conclusions, or their m"tivea is, as they ters. Wander about in what were lately the i say, to revolt against the Almighty. For forty States of the Church in any direction you will ! I yean the doctrines of protection in commercial -see the desolation that prevails therein-;-the ! ! matters were much in favour with the t:ulers of well.nigh univeraal misery-conaider how fertile

England. Had these rulers been priests, the dis. they are, how highly endowed by nature-and I cuaaions <If 1845·46 would not have been tried by then ask yourself if the princes, Imder whOllG I the teats suggested by Adam Smith and Ricardo, auspices such results have been brought about, can I but would have turned upon texts of Leviticns, be considered infallible.

I and the Second to Timothy. The Roman Catho· Men are ceasing to believe in the Pope, there· lice in these islands have felt, to their own dire fore it is that the end of his domination seems to

: 8Orrow and confusion, how grievous a thing it is ' be at hand. In France there remains 80 little faith , I that spiritual considerations sbould be allowed to 'I in this matter, that it is scarcely worth speaking

I, prevail in the ordering of temporal affairs. For a I about it. In Austria, the Pope would find few century and a half tbey were kept down, and ex· advocates out of the imperial family, and those

, 1 posed to all the misery resulting from the stem who imAediately profit by the ecclesiastical administration of highly penal laws, because tIle system as maintained by the strong hand of power.

, ,! I rulers of the Three Kingdoms esteemed it their Thronghout the llrovinces of Austria, the Con.

miBBion to carry on a crusade against the Roman cordat with the Pope is felt to be an intolerable Catholic faith. As long as reason remained, old burden, and a national disgrace. We have seen

1/ George III. set the opinions and remonstrances of : the revolt on the banks of the Rhine, in the Grand i his wisest statesmen at defiance upon this point. : Duchy of Baden, and elsewhere. against the domi· : He had an oath in Heaven against which all I nion of the priests: The feelings and opinions of 1 human reasoning was vain. Tbe Roman Catholics Italians may be safely inferred from their recent I felt this to be higbly inconvenient, but tbey have: action.

never regarded the blot in their own escutcheon, I If Pio Nono should be 80 ill·advised as to when the sufferings endured by Protestants and launch a sentence of excommunication against other dissidents in Boman Cat~lic cOlUltri.ea were : Victor E;mmanuel or Garib,aldi, mchJ'o step would

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simply expoae him. to derision and contempt. In the Swiaa cantons, the battle between Free Thought and the Papacy 11'&8 fought out definitively, lOme fifteen yeara ago" with what reeults i. notoriou enough. Of the COUl'le which would be taken by the Protestant countries of EUJ'Ope, it is unn_ary to speak, &8 it would simply amount to this, that they would decliue ,all interference, and content themselves with wishing well to the nations which were following where they had led. Let ua not deceive ounelves as to the importance of the intelligence which the telegraph brings 118 day by day from Italy. It is a very different thing when the Pope is attacked in his 1aet strong,hold, or when a Duke of Modena is simply turned about his business. The latter is merely a political event, the like of which may occur at any moment,-the IIeCOnd marks an epoch in the history of the h1lJll&ll race.

It would be madness to .uppose that, &8 a form of religiou faith, the Roman Catholic ayatem would not still endure for a period, the limits of which cannot be foreeeen. But it will do 10, becauae it will adapt itaelf to tbe alterationa in the opinions and feeliugs of the hnman race. That h&8 been the real aecret of its power for centuries, and jut now it is imperilliug its very exiatence, becauae it is departing from the old traditionl. Time 11'&8 when it W&8 very proper that a Pope should deacend into the battle-field, and try physical concluaions wiLh an emperor or a king. He alwaya had a good store of cureea in reaerve, if his troops were beaten, and in thoae daya OU1'l8ll were stronger than troops. Things are altered now,when the troops of Pio Nono are beaten, his CUl'I8I will not stand him in much atead. But auch ragamnftina as he hae been able to collect from amongst the needy adventurera of Europe, have turned out to be of no account when opposed to the onlet of regular troops. The leaeonB which Lamorici~re learnt in Algeria have not profited him. mnch in Umbria and the Marches. The Pope, at the preaent moment, looking at him. merely as a temporal prince, is fairly beaten, and would now be an exile from his states, bnt for the bayonets of the Frencli 101diery. He is jut Louis Napoleon'. private chaplain, and could be tumed adrift by the Emperor with .. ut a moment'. notice. Last week a thrill ran through Europe on &CODunt of a 1t1ggeB

tion put forth by a French writer, not, &8 it 11'&8 auppoaed, without authority. It W&8 to the effect that if the Pope, of his own voluntary act, choae to quit Rome by one gate, General Goyon aDd the French troops would march out at another, and leave what is called the E~rnal City in~e handa of the patriots. Louis Napoleon iJ- etanding sentinel over the Papacy, not over Rome. He feels the occupation of that city, and of the patrimony of St. Peter, to be an embarraaament -at least he BayalO. Thu much would appear to be true; bnt if Pio Nono were to take his departure, all pretext for a continuation of the French occupation would be gone. The position would be intc1erable in the eyes of Europe. It aeems, .!In the whole, probable that if Louis Napoleon hae one aentiment left in his heart, it is for Italy. The original occupation of Rome took place in defiance of his opinion and remonatrancea, &8

witness the famoul letter to Edgar Ney. Once there he is not free to depart, becanae he has the public opinion of the French clergy to deal with, and this he cannot afford to disregard.

According to recent intalligence, the rout of the Ponti6cal troops hae been most complete, and Lamorici~re, no doubt, ell route for Trieste, 1laa taken refuge in AnCOUL It mut be a most UDIIafe halting-place; &8 the Italian, are clearly masters of the BeL What could have indnced a general, who, in former daya, had won for himaelf a lOIDewhat chivalric reputation, to march through the Papal Coventry at the head of all theae rapecalliODll! His enemies Bay-Debt; his frienda-Supentition_ Meanwhile, the question of this moment ia whether or no the Pope will fly from Home a IIeCOnd time. He is aurrounded by thoae who &I'll

strongly intereeted in their own opinion in KYOeating the policy of escape. Garibaldi is. no doubt, in earnest, when he Baya that if the Sardiniana will not attack the French in Rome, or procure the evacuation by peaceful means, he is prepared to try conclusion. even with France. Had it been otherwise we should not have heard of the entry of the Sardinian troops into Umbria and the Marchea, and of tbe defeat inflicted ' by them upon the Papal levies. Cavour IIDd Garibaldi are the real cbea-players jut now, and for the moment Cavour hae won the move. If tile Pope would but run away I

TBJ: PRINCE'S HOLIDA.Y. IT is a pity that Princes caunot travel really ill

cogniti. Royal lpectaclea are not the heel -.. trivaoce for enabling the h1lJll&ll eye to arrive at true reaults. If your ordinary rich man kDOW'I

but little of the world as it is, what chance do tile poor Porpbyrogeniti ltand of learning anything about the real meaning of life' The great Caliph Haroun Al-Raschid, as his deeds are chronicled in the old Arabian Tales, knew better than to makea formal progreea through Bagdad with hie royal turban on his head, and his golden sceptre in hie hand_ He uaed to wander about at nights, 1ICCODl

panied by the Vizier and the Chief Eunuch, in close disguise. The three would enter into the miIIerabIe dwelling of a hump. backed barber, or a atarriBg porter, and share with theae men their frugaleupper. So they aecertained how men really lived ! and had their being in the fair city of Bagdad. Compare with this eyatem the one on which tile Imperial Catharine, Empress of all the RUMias, uaed to act. She would rush down at top-epeed , from Petersburgh, or Moscow, to the Crimea, for the purpoae of investigating with herown eyes the condition of her subjects. But in her jol1J'DeY she was aurrounded, &8 unal, by all the pomp IIDd splendour of her Court. Each day's routs, and the halting-place for each night, were carefully mapped out, and Bettled beforehand. Due notice was given to the persona in authority at the various relay&. The very natural coneequence was that , the Empress travelled through provinces inhabited I by happy villagers and bu:uriou aerfa. ,

Peaesnt girls with 80ft blue e,ee, And banda which -uar; early lowers

met their royal miatrees at tf!erY tum. Old _ \ tottered up to her nerri ..... J.dtiiIr -toO her for ,

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8171'. 21. lSEO.) LAST WEEK. 391

the unclouded felicity which they had enjoyed under her rule, and the rule of her mild predeces. IOrs. One crowning felicity had been denied to them in the conrse of their long and happy career,

i and thia waa a Bight of the CzarinL Happy in i this respect, they could Bing their Nunc dimictu,

and p818 away in peace to a more permanent, if not to a happier, form of exi8tence. The knont was very carefully garlanded with CI'OCUll8ll, and looked like an emblem of village happin8IIL

It is eaid that after thirty years of age few men receive new ideaa. However this may be, it is clear enough that as IOOU as a crown is placed upon a human head, it can scarcely be expected that the wearer should add much to his stock of what elderly maiden ladies call .. general information." Princea, therefore, should see something of the world before all men are in a oonspiracy against them to hide from their view the tme purport and meaning of life. When John Smith travels about, the railway authorities are not careful to place red cloth between the cab and the platform, in order that his feet may remain in ignorance of the vulgar pavement. Neither does he Dud triumphal arches at every village he visits -nor are the towns in which he may atop for the night upon his lawful buaineaa brilliantly illuminated in honour of himaelf and his amiable con-1Ort. Nor, luckily for him, does the mayor of every corporate town make him a tedious oration as he steps out of the railway-carriage. John Smith, moreover, becomes practically aware that working people do uot always wear their best clothes, and that factory girls occaaionally handle something aa well aa fiowers. Whenever the day com_may it be a far distant one I-when thia young Prince is called to the throne. for the rest of his life he stands condemned to the monotony of royal routine. All the knowledge of human life he can ever hope to gain he must gain now. Under any circumatances, it would be impoesible that he should be more than a spectator of the terrible 8truggles of humanity. The stern but awful teaching of adversity is denied to him. Louia Philippe and Louis Napoleon are the only two monarcba of our time who have graduated in the great University through which all of _save kings-must JI8I8. Hence their SUCC88B.

We have all been delighted with the intelligence we have received of late from Canada about our young Prince. The enthusiasm which hi, mere presence baa excited seems to have been all that could be desired. It is impossible, however. to disguise from oneself the fact, that the Canadaa have rather been seeing the Prince, than the Prince the Canedaa. The physical features of the country of oourae were open to his inepection-that is, aa much of them aa could be aeen from the deck of a steamboat, or through the window of a railway carriage. The Prince no doubt saw the great waterfall aa well aa any ordinary traveller. Niagara does not roar out fiattery even to princely ears. The Bame thing may probably be said of two or three other of the great tranBatlantic BiIlhts: but, for the rest, the Prince might aa well have

, been acompanying hie royal mother upon a II Proi'--" Wherever he baa gone, he haa been sreetad by ohBequious pernors, mayors, ohair-

men of railwaya, and 10 forth, just aa though he had been the Prince of Wales without an incognito. The burden of their lOng haa been, just that which is invariably acldrMaed to princes-

Que BOn m6rite est atnme I Que de griees,-que de grandeur I Ah I combieu Monaeill1lenr Doit Atrs content de lui-mAme !

It was BCarceIy worth while going 10 far to listen to IUch stuft" aa thia. We have a few mayors and aldermen at home who could have supplied the article without stint. On the other hand, although the Prince will not in all probability derive much instruction from hie journey, aa a political move it BeemB to have answered well. The Canadians have ever been a loyal race-are they not next door neighbours to republicanB! The Prince', visit baa confirmed them in their attachment to the British crown.

There is much in the StateB which it would be well the Prince should see with his own eyes, but which he never, never will see. The adulation of the United States will prove greater than the adulation of the Canedaa. We are almost tempted to rueh to his rescue, when we think of the amount of .. speechification" which our youthful but unfortu· nate Prince will bave to endure. Would that he could learn 80mething of the true nature of life in the Unitfod States. It would prove a more useful 188BOn to him than all the very respectable Dons at Cambridge or Oxford can impart to him in the way of information. There is the great problem of Slavery, for example, which be might study with advantage upon the 1I1'0t. Of couree the the wretcbed negroe' would be waahed in ea.u-deCologne on the occasion of his visit, bllt atill ho might learn something from the sight. even throur.h all the mask, and disguiaea which cover the reality of all this human wretchedneaa. For the rest, we all wish a prosperous journey and a happy return to our young Prince; and, in the worde of the old Canadian boat-aong, pray that whilst away from us he may meet with

-- cool heayens and favouring air I

GEORGE STBPIlEN80N'S PUPJL--J08BPB LOCKS. ONE of the eaddeBt events of last week baa

been the sudden and moet unexpected death of Mr. J 088ph Locke-the last of the great engineers. Almost within a few months, Brunei, Robert Steph_n, and Joseph Locke have been carried to their graVeL Not long aince in the pages of ONCE A. WBBK we gave a sketch of Robert Steph_'s career and achievements, and now we are called upon to add a few notes about his friend and fellow pupil. Both Robert StsphenBOD and Joseph Locke 8&t at the feet of that famous old man, George Steph8D80D, and drew their inspiration from him. It waa Oeorge StephenlOn who first climbed up from the bowels of the earth into upper air, and looking round perceived that the moment had arrived for dealing with Time and Space. Not only did he lee that the thing was to be done, but he had at hand the men who were prepared to carry hie plana into execution. What he wanted waa a legion of miners, of delvers, and diggers, and these were ready to hie hat)c1. Gearp Stephen-

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BOn, if he did not quite invent the modem , aa Brunel made the Groat Westem. ADd Robert "navvy," at least drew him from obscurity, and Stephenson the North Westem; so Joeeph Locke placed his proper work before him. His was the will be principally remembered as the agigreat Titanic period of engineering. Men were neer of the London and Southampton line. In I then in doubt as to points which to us, who are , France he waa the engineer of the lines from

" 'I actiDg by the light of their experience, are as' Paria to Rouen, and Rouen to Havre. Profea-clear as noon-day. When George Stephenson I sional men will tell you that, amongst engineers, , i waa examined before the Parliamentary Com-lone of his great titles to distinction is that

, , mittee, he was well nigh pooh-poohed out of he waa the man who first dared to grapple with I,' " Court-out of every thing, in short, but his I the steeper gradient, and so avoided unn8088llU'1

convictions-by the glib tongue and agile wit of ouUay in conatruction. In one respect Locke the late Baron-then Mr.-Alderson. There waa waa the very opposite to Brunel; practically something so supremely ridiculous in the bare I speaking, his estimates invariably covered his idea that a steam.engine could sail upon land, and, expenditure. He waa member for Honiton for drag twenty or thirty carriages after it. What: thirteen years, and president of the Institution of could honourable gentlemen and leamed brothers' Civil Engineers after Robert Stephenson's death.. think of such a monstrous proposal! They could There seems to be a fatality over our great; not be in eamest; and, aa for that rough north- engineers. The three most distinguished mem

'I country fellow, who was endeavouring to palm bers of the profession have been called away in off his crude notions upon men of education- rapid sUCOe8Bion. To the honoured namea of really the thing would not bear looking at. Robert Stephenson and BrnneI, must now be Somehow or other this rough north-countryman added that of Joseph Locke.

'I did get a hearing, and in 1826 he became the TRAMWAYS, SU6WAYS, HIGHWAYS, AND :&YWAYlL 1 engineer of the Manchester and Liverpool Bail- Loll"DON on the surface is no longer tauabIe.. I way, and Cbatm088 was turned into solid ground, We are in a state of permanent blockade. AI fa

~ and the iron rails were laid down, and despite aa the principal thoroughfares are concerned, it is of the dismal and jovial prognostications of the impossible to paaa from point to point 'Witho1d lawyer, the engineer's words were made good. such obstructions and delay&, that more often than

: Steam answered. not it would bs an economy of ~ways of

I To think that milways have only existed for temper and patience-to perform the distance on , thirty years or thereabouts-we mean of course foot in place of in a vehicle drawn by hol'888. : I railways such as are now used for the conveyance Now, it unfortunately happens that these leading , of paaaengers-not the mere tramways of the thoroughfares are just those which are in moG

',', II north country! But thirty years ago the minds constant request. Many people wish to paaa along of the greatest engineers in Europe were 8till in a the Strand and Fleet Street-few care to spend

I condition of hesitation, as to what was the beat a day in driving round Dorset Square. It is not I:, I' motive power which could be employed. Atmo- only that the throng of vehicles is so great that in

spherics, and rope-traction, and what not, had the chief streets they are obliged to follow eacIa their advocates. At this period it waa that old other at a foot'. pace; but the London streets

: I George took the consideration of this matter up in are in themselves far too narrow for the accom-IIOlemn eamest, and called to counsel with him his modation of the inhabitants. Except Portland Place, ': I boy Robert and J oeeph Locke. Young Locke Farringdon Street, and Whitehall, we have ec:areely Wall then about twenty-three or twenty-four years a street in London of 8ufficient width. Herethere 8rB

I:

i,: I of age. He and his friend Robert Stephenson two elements of dieturbance, vehicles too many, aud

prosecuted their experiments to so much purpose Btreets not wide enough. But, in addition to thia, that ,the superiority of the looomotive aa the and aa though to carry the nuisance to ita high_ !

motive power Wall clearly established. So true point, the Gas and Water Companies are perpa-; I were the results obtained that any departure from tually breaking up the road, in order to make good

I the conclusion8 at which those two young men defect& in their pipes. There is scarcely a leading '" arrived some thirty years ago has invariably ended 8treet in London in which there was not a block

in failure and waste of money. In those days ade last week, in consequence of this interference

I, young men who had real power in them did not with the traffic. It is now proposed th" pennalong linger in the rear-nor waa George Stephen- nent subways should be constructed, with tnUIi-lIOn the man to keep his lads back when he saw cient adita, so that the servants of the Compaaies they were of the right stuff. When the Manchea- should at all times be able to have _ to

!II ter and Liverpool Railway was completed, and the piping, without the necesaity of establishing was found to work well, the Birmingham men barricades. As the water companies and gsa soon came to the conclusion that they could not companies have now a practical monopoly, and alford to depend any longer upon the old tum pike- are no longer engaged in cutting the th~ta of road. George Stephenson took the matter in hand rivals, it is to be hoped they will seriously tum

I for them-but about the year 1834 handed over their thougbts to the matter. The change oaght the responsibilities and duties to Joeeph Locke, to answer on commercial grounds. If the metal then a young man Bcarcely thirty yeare of age. of the London streets were left undisturbed. and This was the absolute commencement of a career in the broader thoroughfares tramways were laid which has now extended over twenty-five years of down for omnihuaea and the heavier traffic, a unabated distinction and prosperity. His great Londoner might hope to be once more in time for English achievement, however, waa the construc- a railway, without allowing a quarter of an hQur un of the London and Southampton JiJl.e. Just per mile for stoppages.

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