O. A. C. Review Volume 40 Issue 4, December 1927

THE 0. A. C. REVIEW Ill

CONTENTS

VoL. XL Guelph, December, 1927. No. 4

The History and Future of iSilver Fox Industry. 93 By G. Ennis Smith, Superintendent, Experimental

Fox Ranch, Sumnterside, P. E. I.

Drainage in Fruit Lands. 97 By W. J. Shorey, District Supervisor of Drainage,

Dundas, Ont.

Breeding Hunters. 101

Tree Planting as Snow iShelter. 104 By B. M. Winegar, General Tie Agent, Canadian

Pacific Railway.

Composition in Photography.. 106 By I. E. T.. ’29.

N. F. C. U. S, Notes..'. 1.09

English Department . 110

Editorials ....V’'.. 113

College Life . 116

Athletics . 121

Alumni . 123

Macdonald . 126

Locals . 129

The 0. A. C. Review is published by the students of the Ontario Agricultural College Students* Publishing Association, every month in the year.

Annual subscription price in Canada, $1.00; outside 1.50; single copies 15c. Advertising rates on application.

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VOL. XL. GUELPH, ONT , DECEMBER, 1927 4

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The History and Future of Silver Fox Industry.

By G. Ennis Smith, Superintendent, Experimental Fox Ranch, Summerside,

P. E. I.

During the latter part of the Nine¬

teenth Century different men in

various parts of the Dominion

made attempts to raise silver foxes in

captivity. The majority of these ended

in ignominious failures. It was due to

the dauntless and untiring efforts of

Charles Dalton and Robert T. Oulton

in Prince Edward Island, who in face

these and the foxes were eventually

pelted. In 1870 a fisherman named

Thompson cav.ght a pair of silve^- foxes

near North Cape, Prince Edward Island,

and sold them to Ben Haywood of Tig-

nish, Prince Edward Island :—£5 being

given for one, and a cow for the second.

Haywood succeded in getting these foxes

to breed and raised one litter of two

Prize winning Silver Fox, Canuck Champion, Esq., Reg. No. 3680, bred by Pure Canadian Silver Black Fox Co., Summerside, P.E.I.

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of innumerable difficulties and repeated

failures gradually surmounted many of

the difficulties with regard to the feed¬

ing and management of these wild ani¬

mals and eventually evolved methods

whereby silver foxes could be success¬

fully raised in captivity.

In 1860 John Handley of Wellington

County, Ontario, secured a pair of silver

foxes from a wealthy lady. Pie was

not able to produce any offspring from

})ups but could not get the foxes to

produce another litter so he pelted them.

Charles Dalton boughl the two pelts

from Havwood and sold them in Hal-

ifax for $150.00. It was this transaction

that gave Dalton the first idea with re¬

gard to the financial possibilities of rais¬

ing silver foxes in captivity. A few

years later Dalton saw an advertisement

that there were a pair of silver foxes

for sale in Anticosti Island and event-

94 THE O. A. C. REVIEW

iially procured these for $100.00. While

Dalton was able to produce pups from

these they gave birth only to cross foxes.

About the same time he procured a

black fox for $50.00 and mated this

with a red female fox. The pups pro¬

duced from this mating were all red and

he pelted these foxes together with the

Anticosti foxes in .ordej- to save his

flock of geese.

In 1883 Dalton bought a pair of dark

silver foxes for $100.00 from John

Martin of Lot 40, Prince Edward Is¬

land, and raised two litters from them.

Martin had dig them out of the ground

the previouos year and had not been

successful in his endeavour to get them

to breed. In 1885 Dalton also bought

two pairs of black foxes from Louis

Holland of Bedeque, Prince Edward Is¬

land, for these four black foxes together

with three reds which had been dug out

of a den, Dalton paid Three Hundred

Dollars for the lot. Dalton was success¬

ful in raising litters from these for two

vears. These foxes formed the foun¬

dation stock of the great majority of

silver foxes born in captivity.

After two years of unsuccessful ef¬

forts to raise young foxes Dalton join¬

ed forces in 1890 with a life long friend

Robert T. Oilton, in whose company

he had hunted and trapped. The foxes

were moved from the barn in which

Dalton had previously kept his foxes to

an open ranch on Cherry Island, near

Alberton, Prince Edward Island. The

foxes were placed in pens fifty feet

square with a straight wire wall. The

first winter they lost three foxes through

omitting to place an overhang on the

wire fence. Hollow pine logs were

first used as a den for the foxes to

breed in. Eventually they built the dens

enclosed in wooden kennels. By care¬

fully studying and keeping the animals

under observation they gradually evolved

methods to meet the various difficulties

that had to be contended with. Dalton

sent a pelt to the Fur Auction Sales in

1900 and obtained $1,880 for this pelt.

During the years of 1901-2-3 five pelts

were sent to the London market. Twelve

pelts were sent to the London sales in

1904, the maximum price for one pelt

being i200. In 1905 eleven pelts were

sold, the maximum price was £390. In

1906 eight pelts were sold, the maximim

price obtained being £320. In 1910 Dal¬

ton sold twenty-five pelts in London for

the average price of £208 Stirling, the

total price being received for the twenty-

five pelts being £6,835. One pelt brought

the fabulous sum of £540.

Dalton and Oulton had quietly for¬

warded their pelts to he sold in London

and the pelts sold at a much

higher price than the wild-caught

silver foxes. The Sales Company

by agreement with-held the source

of these pelts and it was several years

before the public began to learn of the

large profits that Dalton and Oulton

were receiving for the pelts of the foxes

they were raising.

Up to 1910 fox breeding was a mon¬

opoly enjoyed by foiy group of men

the others having obtained their foxes

originally from Dalton and Oulton for

some service they had rendered, to¬

gether with a small payment in cash. A

compact had existed between them

whereby no foxes would be sold alive,

and up to that time it had been well

observed, as they were making money

steadily from the sale of pelts and were

assured of continious large profits. In

the Fall of 1910 one of the monopolists,

attracted by a very large tempting offer,

broke the agreement and sold five pairs

of foxes for $25,000. The lead was

quickly taken up hy local speculators

and foxes were bought and resold. First

second and third options were taken on

THE O. A. C. REVIEW 95

the pups of unborn litters and there be¬

gan a wild scramble foj- options on live

:uid unborn foxes, the prices steadily

increasing from $5,000 in 1910 to $25,

000 in 1913. This lead to a great deal

of speculation, as high as $35,000 being

given for one pair of proven breeders,

that the purchaser had never even seen.

In 1912 Dalton sold all his foxes and his

interest in the ranch to a syndicate of

Charlottetown capitalists for $500,000.

When war broke out in 1914 there

was a general collapse in the bubble that

had been created and the price of the

breeding stock gradually came down to

nearly the level of the pelt value. Num¬

erous companies had been formed who

had purchased their live stock at the

top price. In practically all those cases

where the company had one very suc-

cessfvl year’s breeding they have, even

up to the present time, always been able

to pay fairly large dividens. Those com¬

panies who went year after year with

indifferent breeding breeding results

were forced into liquidation. Between

the years 1914 and 1920 the industry,

like others, went through a period of

reconstruction. A National Association

was formed with the head oiffice at

Summerside, Prince Edward Island, and

was granted a charter by the Dominion

Department of Agriculture and a syst¬

em of registration of pedigress similar

to the registration of the Live Stock As¬

sociation, was adopted under the Canad¬

ian National Live Stock Records at Ot¬

tawa; the rules governing the eligibility

of a silver fox for registration in this

Association being in general that the

silver fox must be inspected and come

up to a certain standard and the ancest¬

ors for four previous generations must

be silver foxes, the three immediate

generations of ancestors being born in

ca])tivity in Canada. The Herd Book


for silver foxes in the Canadian Nation¬

al Recoids was closed in 1926 and the

only foxes being eligible for registration

being the offspring of registered parents,

with the exception of the progeny of an

outstanding authentic wild caight sil¬

ver female, the female offspring and

the female herself being bred for four

generations to registered sires.

The industry has rapidly spread to

othej- countries, particularly the United

States, where Canadian silver foxes are

being eagerly sought for and already

the silver fox industry has reached vast

proportions, second only to the Dominion

of Canada. Fox ranches have been

started in Norway, Japan, Scotland,

England, Switzerland, Belgium, France,

Germany, Czechoslovakia and other

countries. In all of these ca^es the

ranches have been initiated with Can¬

adian foundation stock and represent¬

atives of these countries have visited

various fox ranches in the Dominion to

ascertain the possibilities of the industry

and to obtain information regarding the

care and management of silver foxes in

captivity.

The stimulus which has created the

silver fox industry and caused its rapid

spread is die entirely to the fact that

very high prices can be obtained for the

pelts of silver foxes, which presents

great financial possibilities from raising

these animals. Naturally, the questions

arise: Will the continued spread of this

industry with a greatly-increased num¬

ber of silver fox pelts coming upon the

market lower the price of the pelts, and

to what extent can the multiplication

of raising silver foxes in captivity take

place without lowering the price of the

pelts to such an .extent that it would

not be economical to raise silver foxes

in captivity? While it would be a fal¬

lacy to pretend to be able to predict with

any degree of accuracy the future fin¬

ancial conditions that may envelop any

particular industry, yet this is a question

which should be thoroighly analysed,

as it has a great bearing upon the devel¬

opment of the industry.

In discussing the above questions a

number of factors must be taken into

consideration

( 1) Civilization has made great in¬

roads and unscruplous depletion of the

natural haunts of practically all fur¬

bearing animals, which in the face of

an everincreasing demand has caused

a rise in the prices of furs, and it is

very questionable if any systematic at¬

tempts to raise fur-bearing animals in

captivity would be able to keep pace

with the rapid decrease of wild fri*-

bearing animals.

(2) A few years ago furs in general,

and silver fox furs in particular, were

monopolised by the royalty and aristo¬

cracy of the Old World. With the pro¬

gress of democracy those luxuries which

were enjoyed by a few privileged class¬

es have been taken up by people in all

spheres of life; more particularly has

this been the case with female attire,

and in this respect it undoubtedly may

be expected that there will be an ever-

increasing demand for the higher grade

furs. ^

(3) When Dalton and Oulton first

placed their silver fox pelts upon the

market they readily obtaned three hund¬

red to four hunded pounds and more

for their pelts. Previously thirty to

forty poinds has been the average price

for wild-caught silver fox pelts, but the

ranch-bred silver fox pelts were so vast¬

ly superior in quality to any of the

wild-caught silver fox pelts that had

been previously placed on the market,

that higher prices were readily obtained

for them.

(4) Up to the present time the sil-

(Gontinued on page xx) ^


Drainage in Fruit Lands. By W. J. Shorey, District Supervisor of Drainage, Dundas, Ontario.

The drainage of wet cultivated

farm and fruit lands in Ontaria

is a task confronting many a

farmer of today.

A wet season such as we had in 1926

])roves to him how hopeless, how dis¬

couraging, how unprofitable is his task

until that wet land is drained.

Such seasons do come and those farms

and orchards adequately drained reap

a profitable return for their owners.

Such oustanding results have been

shown that these very farmers say that

One peach orchard, tile-drained eight

years ago, shows scarcely a missing tree.

The busy owner planned to tile his “east

orchard” for several seasons but through

many causes neglected doing so until

last season swooped down upon him

when he lost practically his whole or¬

chard. Nothing dainted, for such is his

faith in peaches, he invested in under¬

drainage for crop insurance and then

planted trees again. This fruit grower

knows from practical experience that

he cannot afford to do without tiling,

Young peach orchard totally destroyed, winter of 1926-27. This orchard is now systematically underdrained.

drainage is the very first requisite to

])rofitable production.

Here in the Niagara district the win¬

ter of 1926-27 was disastrous to peach

orchards. The young peach orchard

just coming intO’ bearing, on which so

much care, energy and money had been

betowed, was the first to suffer where

bestowed, was the first to suffer where

that all important matter of proper

drainage had been provided. Even grapes

cherries, pears and apples succumbed

on land that was apparently well drain¬

ed.

for his farm is splendidly suirface drain¬

ed besides.

A near neighbour, who has farmed for

fifty years, never lets a season go by

without installing tile to more adequately

drain his orchards. He detects his trees

‘going back’ and be it peach, cherry pear

or apple he can doctor that tree with an

underdrain sufficiently close to remove

>vater from the root zone of the tree.

At one spot in the orchard he sadly

shook his head, “A plugged underdrain

wrought this havoc,,” and pointedi to

several large, dead peach trees. The


drain was repaired but the trees make

expensive fire-wood. -vf >

In another orchard, peach trees were

continually dying out except the one

row next the fence. Investigation show¬

ed a three inch tile below this row of

trees and running partly full of water.

This was positive proof enov<gh for the

owner to invest in underdrains, so that

his present orchard makes a beautiful

showing and has yielded a handsome

profit these last two years, with good

crops and fair prices.

Some ideal peach soil fails to produce

good trees. After replanting several

times one owner gave up hope until he

discovered the water-table was very high

in the sand. Since the day drainage op¬

erations started, water has continued to

run from the outlet, no matter how dry

the season. This drained area now has

a vigorous, healthy peach orchard com¬

ing into bearing, which is the pride and

hope of the owner.

In another instance a main drain

could have been extended into a neigh¬

bor’s orchard while the owner was in¬

stalling his drainage system on his own

farm. Not being a believer in ‘burying

money under the ground’ this neighbor

refused to have anything to do with the

proposition. Today his peach orchard is

piled in the pasture for winter’s firewood

while the drained orchard is as healthy

an orchard as can be found in the Pen¬

insula. Here we have indentically the

same s^il conditions and cultural meth¬

ods used. Drainage pays one hundred

percent in such a case.

Here we have indentically the same soil

In such localities where the contrasts

between drained and underdrained or¬

chards occur, it is not hard to “sell”

the farmer underdrainage. He has only

to do a bit or mental arithmetic. He

can borrow from the municipality under

“The Tile Drainage Act” scheme, at

five percent, to be repaid in twenty equal

annual instalments of principal and in¬

terest. Supposing his underdrainage

costs him one hundred dollars an acre,

it means he has to pay eight dollars and

three cents for thatdrained acre extra

each year for twenty years. Consider¬

ing the value of a six-year old peach

tree at five dollars, two lost trees would

more than pay for this, besides all the

satisfaction derived from working well

drained land, improved quality of the

fruit and a uniform and healthy tree

Ditching machine at work. Note the missing trees due to lack of draining.

f


growth.

A ditching machine which started in a

district this spring has dug in some fifty

miles of drains so far and the “put putt”

of the engine can still be heard in that

same neighborhood. All of this has been

orchard work.

While many farmers are taking ad¬

vantage of this form of crop insurance,

underdrainage is not the cure-all, but

merely the starting point of their soil

ance and vision is required by every

improvement work. Industry, persever-

farmer. Even the skeptical admit the

drains will bring back sure returns, yet

they are loath to entail that much more

^xtra labor, expense and worry to an

otherwise busy life.

Market gardeners and truck crop

farmers, too, are realizing the hopeless¬

ness of trying to farm successfully with¬

out underdrainage. No matter what

care they have used in planting, tillage

and fertilizing or how much energy they

have used in their work, prolonged wet

springs, summer floods or cold wet sog¬

gy soils will take the heart out of a man

and his equally hard working wife, if

that excess water is not removed by

some means, so that a sure return is

guaranteed them for money and labor

invested.

Such faith has one man that although

he has only made a small payment on

his place, he has invested in underdrain¬

age as a means to insure his season’s

labors and enable him to make his pay¬

ments on his place. The land was ap-

])arently well drained in a surface way,

but crops were late in planting, slow in

starting and poor in quality and quantity

despite heavy fertilization and lots of

tillage. Even the montagagee realized

the handicap of this man and it was he

who advised the borrowing of money

through “The Tile Drainage Act”. This

is only one of the many examples of men

who wisely invested money in the soil

of their own farm and secured at least

twenty-five percent profit as a erward.

Underdrainage has been practised for

ht least one hundred years in parts of

the Niagara' district. Hand made tile

have been found near Vineland which

were installed before the oldest living

person of that district remembers.

In watching the trench as a digging

machine is at work, many lines of small

tile are cut and very, very seldom are

any found but full of sediment. Tile

of two and three inches diameter were

mostly used years ago, but on account of

the ease with which they filled with

sediment, nothing less than four inch

pipe are recommended at the present

time.. ^

A Nursery-stock man at Stoney Creek

proved to his sorrow that three inch tile

were not as practical as the four inch

size for laterals. The three inch lines

were clogged after a few years’ service

while four inch tile installed at the

same time and under the same con¬

ditions are running strong today.

Greater care is also being taken in

installation of drainage systems by re¬

ducing the number of outlets to a mini¬

mum, construction of silt basins or sand

traps to catch any sediment, the laying

proper depth for the drains. This lat-

'of the^ tile at proper grades and the

ter item is a very important one and de¬

pends on the sub-soil. In sandy soil,

drains may be placed deep, but in heavy

clays—shallow, not more than two feet

in depth. At this depth, unless there

is a continuous flow of water through

the tile, fruit tree roots very seldom

plufg drains. Extra precautions must be

taken, however, when willow, elm and

other water-loving roots come near tile.

Protected outlets is another safeguard

to the life of the system, as the numerous

skeletons of muskrats, rabbits and other


rodents found in plugged tile drains

testify.

Most of the recent peach orchard

drainage is done systematically. When

trees are -planted eighteen feet apart, a

drain every other row is generally a-

dopted. One farmer who drained every

third row found the distance apart too

great and that third row had many miss¬

ing trees in comparison to the others.

Where the trees are twenty feet apart,

every other row is a bit too wide a

spread and many owners are putting in

extra lateral between after trying the

scheme out for a few years. They find

it is much more sati factory. The

spraying item alone is worth the extra

cost some claim. This was demonstrated

in early spring when the sprayer became

mired in the undrained row. For peach¬

es and sweet cherries close drainings

pays, while for o^ier fruit trees, drains

wider apart give good service.

While a large percentage of the work

is done by machine, yet the total length

of drains dug in by hand labor each

season would astonish one. Where a

farmer can r-se his own labor at a slack

time, the work will not cost him so

much, especially if part of the trench

is opened by team and plough. If the

overhead line system of grading is used,

even on narrow grades, very accurate

grades may be obtained. The work is

slow and laborious, however, when one

hundred and twenty-five feet per man is

a good day’s work, while machines

sometimes dig in as much as four thous¬

and feet per day where the digging is

good and the drains long. A thousand

feet per day on the average job is good

going in orchard work, however.

Machine operators will not move long

distances for the isolated small job and

this of necessity must be completed by

hand. The old time practical ditcher is

now almost a thing of the past, as one

man expressed it when he tried to find

one—“they are either all dead or in

the poor-house.’’

Mostly clay tile is used in the district

as it proves to be cheaper than concrete

pipe, epecially in the smaller sizes.

Good outlets are essential for tile

drainage systems. Many schemes are

awaiting the digging of large outlet

ditches before under-drains 'would be

advisable to install. Sometimes neigh¬

bors co-operate and put in an outlet

tile, each being assessed for their proper

share. When this can be done the cost

does not amount to as much as install¬

ing under “The Ditches and Watercours¬

es Act” or “The Municipal Drainage

Act.” Where there are large and long

ditches required with a big watershed

area involved, the Drainage Acts must

be resorted to in order to get the recpiir-

ed relief.

A very small percentage of the land

in the Niagara district, requiring drain¬

age, is systematically drained. A great

deal has been done in the natural system

which has worked wonders and given

splendid results. Many cut-off drains

under “the mountain,” especially in

grape growing areas, have performed

excellent service, but these are not en¬

ough and in time, when the farmers

have lost considerable, will they begin to

drain in real earnest. Even surface

ditches are not adequate to carry some

summer flood water.

As time goes on and with increasing

population and consequent demands for

fruit, the fruit farmer must come to the

realization that better surface drainasfe

and underdrainage are the first essentials

to profitable fruit culture. A trulv

wonderful future lies ahead of this gar¬

den peninsula.


»

Breeding Hunters A good deal of random discussion

is heard these days of a subject

that is loosely referred to as

“Breeding Hunters”. Certain of the

Jockey Clubs have generously made av¬

ailable some very fine thoroughbred

sires, isolated persons have contributed

their bit and the Canadian Hunter Sad¬

dle and Lighthorse Improvement Society

has recently been organized as a med¬

ium through which all persons interested

can effectively co-operate for the en¬

couragement and improvement of breed¬

ing; but the industry of breeding light

horses which largely died out with the

introduction of automobile is only get¬

ting started again. The possibilities for

the remunerative development of this by¬

product of the farm are not realized

throughout the country and the funda¬

mental facts and principles on which

hunter breeding must be founded are

known to only the very few.

Hunting and horseback riding thrived

up till the advent of motor cars. They

were S])orts and pastimes loved

for their own sake. Now with

the advent of rapid transportation

and motor cars has come wealth

and a host of physical ailments due to

living under great nervous pressure and

without 'the physical exercise that oui*

animal bodies have for ages been accust¬

omed to and have come to require. A

solution ha's been found in the return to

riding in general and that prince of all ♦

sports “hunting”.

Throughout the Anglo Saxon world

and particularly in 'the United States old

riding clubs and hunt clubs have been

revived and new ones have sprung up

in all directions. To cite one example

alone, the country immediately surround¬

ing Philadelphia boasts of no fewer than

seven thriving hunt clubs that meet reg¬

ularly not to mention the riding clubs.

It is the universal experience that rid¬

ing results in improved health. , The

prosperous towns people have in num¬

bers determined to enjoy the sport which

positively assures their health and have

created a new and insistent demand for

hunters and saddle horses. In the train

of this have come the horse shows where

crowds inducing wealthy enthusiasts to

pay exceptional prices for exceptional

horses.

It is established that the hunter and

saddle horses demand of to-day is con¬

siderably in. excess of the supply and

the prices are about double those prevail¬

ing before the war.

The hunter like his companion the

fox hound is an outstanding example

of a purely utilitarian animal. “Hand¬

some is as handsome” in the hunting

field. It is purely a matter of produc¬

ing a conveyance to take a gentleman or

lady safely and comfortably across any

country. Of course an ugly, awkward,

unmanageable brute will not do, while

a perfect performer will be well turned,

well balanced, well gaited and thus a

thing to admire, but the breeder of hunt¬

ers is dealing in a staple article which

is not subject to depreciation because

some rival induces the public to prefer

a different color paint or some other

new development as is the case of

many other business, like the selling of

automobiles to mention only one ex¬

ample.

The large bulk of the purchasers of

hunters and saddle horses to-dav are

middle aged city business men and their

weights run largely from 150’ to 190

pounds. Add to this heavier. riding

clothes, riding boots and saddle,' and

the weights which horses are usually re¬

quired to carry are from 165 to 220


pounds, and experience shows that

these weights can best be carried by

horses ranging from 1050 to 1400

pounds.

Of course there is a certain demand

for lightweight hunters foj- children and

small people and also an exceptionally

perfect individual of any size will al¬

ways bring a big price but the market

prices indicate generally that the aver¬

age 800 or 900 pound hunter and sad¬

dle horse are hardly worth the cost of

producing him, 1100 to 1200 pound

horses known as ‘‘middleweights” con¬

stitute the bulk of the trade and bring

remunerative prices while the 1300 to

1400 pound horses known as “heavy¬

weights”, are scarce, are greatly in de¬

mand, are most readily saleable and

bring the best prices. Market prices

seem to indicate that for horses of the

equal general quality the final purchaser

pays something like $2.00 a pound more

for middleweights and heavyweights

than for lightweights.

Accordingly the remunerative horses

to raise are the middleweights and more

particularly the heavyweights.

The secret of profitable hunter breed¬

ing as, of a good many other businesses

is the elimination of the loss through

culls. This is the great farlt that sick-

lened so many good farmers of breeding

hunters a generation ago. They heard

everyone talking about quality and in

their endeavour to produce it they bred

thoroughbred horses to fine “buggy”

mares only to find that four out of

five colts not being particularly fancy

were of no practical use and so

a dead loss on their hands. Race¬

horse fineness of quality is not

required in a hunter. His allotted

task in life is not to produce extreme

speed but rather to carry a person with

safety and comfort at a good speed ac-

cross difficult country and to do so for

hov.rs at ^ stretch.

The production of medium weight

commercial and farm horses, hunters

and saddle horses to-day constitutes es¬

sentially one industry. If the right

type of sound, short legged, thick set,

powerful, active farm or commercial

mares with long necks where possible

and weighing from 1400 to 1700 lbs. are

bred to good sound thoroughbred sires

the get will of course be half bred and

Avill if sound be readily, marketable

About 1-3 to 1-2 of them will come

fine enough so that with suitable con¬

ditioning they will be marketable as

middle or heavyweight hunter prospetcs,

those that learn to jiimp will find their

way into the hunting field and the rest

will be used as saddle horses. The other

half or two-thirds will make the finest

mediumweight farm and commercial

horses. The biggest and soundest of

the half-bred mares that are thus pro¬

duced and which are not just fine en¬

ough to bring a good price as hunter

prospects should be retained on the farm

and used for farm purposes and as

brood mares.

The next generation will be 3-4 bred,

will produce a much larger percentage

of colts saleable as hunter prospects and

will bring better prices. A well bred

driving mare of 800 or 900 pounds

should on no account be bred to a

thoroughbred sire in the expectation of

producing a saleable hunter. She should

be bred to a draft sire (preferably a

Clydesdale because experience has

shown that of all draft stock the Clydes¬

dale crosses best with a thoroughbred)

and get a good big filly nearly half bred

that may be saleable as a hunter pros¬

pect and if not will surely be a valuable

work mare and if sound will be a suit¬

able brood mare.

Horses sold by breeders have been

referred to above as hunter prospects


because in 99 cases oiit of 100 it is im¬

possible for the buyer to tell whether

or not his purchase will ever jump and

if he will not he cannot become a hunter.

Consequently the breeder usually suffers

a direct loss in the sale price of a horse

if he cannot demonstrate that he has

jumping ability. It would be very sim¬

ple and directly remunerative for the

breeder to rig vp a small solid jump

(perhaps a log) in such a place that

the yearling would have to hop over it

frequently for instance every time

he went to or from water or every

time he was brought into or turned out

of the barn. The jump should only b^

a foot high to start with, then a month

later 1 foot 6 inches. When two years

old it could be raised to 2 feet and in

the fall to 2 feet 6 inches. In the case

of a three year old it could be raised to

3 feet or even 3 feet 6 inches if he takes

to it kindly. Young ones should never

be ridden over (their fences but should

be taught to go freely and alone but

they should not be jumped many

times in succession. Under these con¬

ditions almost every horse, bred from

suitable stock, will learn to jump these

small fences well and vchen the buyer

comes along he v/ill feel confident that

he is buying a hunter and not a prospect

and will consequently be ready to pay

a more generous price.

Unsoundness is the great bugbear in

the whole trade in hunters. The work

required of the horse training and hunt¬

ing is so severe that casualties are num¬

erous. This has the direct result of spur¬

ring all buyers to unnusual efforts to

purchase an unknown prospect for the

smallest possible price that the market

will allow.

The purchase may go wrong during

training and be a dead loss that has

to be made up by the other prospects.

Fortunately our English cousins have

shown us how to largely eliminate that.

Their National Light Horse and Hunt¬

er Improvement Society has for years

studied the question and has definitely

determined that the weaknesses which

allow the development of most unsound¬

nesses are hereditary and can be largely

eliminated by selection of breeding stock.

In order to turn this knowledge into

money in the breeders pocket their As¬

sociation periodically examines the brood

Stock both sires and dams, registers

those that are free from “Hereditary

Unsoundnesses'’ and upon each inspect¬

ion strikes from the register any sire or

dam that has developed a “Hereditary

Unsoundness” since last inspection. The

Association then issues a certificate to

the get of all registered stock. Conse¬

quently when a buyer comes along he

is positively assured that both sire and

dam are free from “Hereditary Un¬

soundness” and the certificate some¬

times shows that several generations

have been so registered. The colt is

thereupon actually worth 50 to 75 dol¬

lars more than he would be without the

certificate on account of the less likli-

hood of his developing an unsoundness

after purchase.

The Canadian Hunter, Saddle, and

Light Horse Improvement Society has

recently been formed (Sec. Lt.Uol.

Barker, York Building, cor. King and

York Sts., Toronto), to perform this

service in Canada, to maintain a cen¬

tral organization through which all

persons interested may co-operate, to

encourage the supply of suitable sires

at a low service fee, and to assist the

^Departments of Agriculture in their

support of light horse breeding. Their

immediate aim is to initiate the inspec¬

tion of sires and mares, not only for

type but for freedom from what has

been found in England to be ‘‘here-

(Continued on page xxii)


Tree Planting as Snow Shelter By B. M, Winegar, General Tie ^gent, Canadian Pacific Railway.

ONE of the drawbacks of operat¬

ing a railway in many parts of

the Dominion is the trouble and

expense necessary in preventing snow

from piling on railway tracks, and the

removal of snow and ice. Snow has

a tendency to pile and drift where tracks

are level with the surrounding country

or where they run through cuts, even

in a wooded district. It is well known

that certain districts give more snow

trouble than others, due largely to preci¬

pitation and to topography. Deep snow

will effectively stop train movements,

and it is necessary that drifting be re¬

duced as much as possible.

With this object in view, railways

use fences for snow-breaks especially in

Eastern Canada and on the Prairies. Per¬

manent as well as temporary wooden

snow fences are used as snow-breaks,

the forme]- being built on the outside

edge of the right-of-way line, while the

])ortahle fence can be moved any dist¬

ance back from the track. Portable

fencing is less durable than the perman¬

ent fence because it must be moved in

the Spring and Fall. Wooden snow

fences are of course effective but the

expense of construction and mainten¬

ance is very high.

The ideal snow fence would appear

to be, in an open reasonably flat count¬

ry located 75 feet fr(Dm the track.

A number of years ago a special

study was made by the Canadian Paci¬

fic Railway Company of the possibilities

of using trees for snow fences, and

after considerable work had been done,

the following conclusions being arrived

at, tree fences recommended themselves

on account of their low original cost,

the small maintenance involved after

plantations have been established sev¬

eral years, and because of their appear¬

ance. It requires about seven years

from planting' befope the tree fences

are effective for snow-breaks.

Planting of trees for the above pur¬

pose was started by the Company in

1916. From 1916 to 1920 treeplantiing

was carried on in an experimental man¬

ner, in order to determine which were

the right varieties of trees to use. Car-

ragana (Siberian Pea), Laurel Leaf

Willow and the Native Conifers Avere

tried ort. Carragana and Laura Leaf

Willow were found to be ineffective

for the work except in some special lo¬

cations. Notwithstanding- the fact that

the mortality in transplanting was low,

they were discarded because they

not have sufficient bottom growth to

afford the necessary protection and be¬

cause they were too easily broken by

snow drifting. •

The Native Conifers, Spruce, Balsam,

Cedar, White, Red and Jack Pine Doug¬

las Fir and Hemlock were all tried out.

Cedar, Spruce, Jack Pine and Scotch

Pine have proA^en to be the best trees

adapted for this Avork. Cedar is to be

recommended onlv Avhen the cut to be

protected is a deep one Oj- Avhere a 'port¬

able fence is used on level country.

The cost of planting bush groAvn

trees Avas found to be too heavy and in

most cases the use of nursery groAvn

stock was resorted to. Transplants

vvere used and immediately recommend¬

ed themseLes by reason of theiir Ioav

mortality, their adaptability to pruning

and the nu ch loAver cost of plapting.

Scotch Pine has probably the loAvest

mortality of any other transplanted

trees, aaoII adapt itself to any nature

• THE O. A. C. REVIEW 105

soil and can be pruned back to any

bight and still retain its bottom growth.

The order of planting then became a

combination he<Ige using Spruce as a

front row and the quicker growing

Scotch Pine in the back row.

Since 1919 tree-planting has been

carried on a fairly extensive scale and

records to date show some 110 miles

have been completed or an average

of ten miles ;per year since the work

started in 1916. Tree-planting is to be

found on all Districts on Eastern Lines.

Scotch Pine and Spruce transplants

12 to 16 inches high are supplied for

this work. Trees are planted in two

rows 4 ft. apart and staggered, the

Scotch Pine planted in the bav\k row,

and the Spruce in front row. Planting

commences in the Spring as soon as *

frost is entirely out of the ground and

can be continued for about four weeks.

In the Fall, planting starts about the

first of September and can be contin¬

ued until heavy frost comes.

A strip of ground, at a distance from

the track to be decided on, 10 to 12 ft.

wide is thoroughly ploughed and har¬

rowed for the total length of snow-

break as early in the season as possible

l)recediing the planting of the trees. This

allows for fire protection as well as for

planting. Trees of the same size are

])Ianted together. Young trees are de¬

livered to the line packed in damp earth

in cars or in boxes and care is taken

to see that the roots are not exposed

to the atmosphere until the trees are

actually going into the ground and even

then to the least possible extent. Wet

sackinof is used to jcover trees when

moving same from car to planting

ground. If the fine roots are allowed

to dry up the trees will die.

To replace individual trees, which not¬

withstanding the utmost care, die after

planting an extra quantity of trees are

delivered over and above present re¬

quirements. These additional trees are

carefully planted two feet apart in any

suitable cultivated location. Later,

when needed, trees can be carefully

transplanted along with earth surround¬

ing roots.

The first year after planting, the

twelve-foot width above mentioned is

kept cultivated to a depth of about

three inches, using where possible a

horse cultivator and handling the bal¬

ance, that is, close to, and around the

trees, with a hand hoe. Care is taken

to see that grass, herbage, roots or rub¬

bish are not allowed to collect around

the base of the young trees, as this

tends to kill the lower branches.

In the maintenance of trees planted

for snow-breaks, replacements are from

time to time necessary due to improper,

planting, poor soil conditions, lack of

cultivation, etc. Dead trees are removed

as soon as this condition is apparent,

so that they will not interfere with the

growth of their neighbours, and are re¬

placed with new trees. In certain lo¬

cations trees are liable to be attacked

by disease, moths, etc. They are care¬

fully watched for attack in this connec¬

tion, and as soon as there is the slight¬

est indication of such attack the matter

is reported. Inspection and application

of the necessary remedy are arranged.

The height to which the trees are per¬

mitted to grow is determined by the lo¬

cal officers and will depend on prevail¬

ing conditions with regard to depth of

cut to be protected, number of tracks

involved, width of right-of-wy, etc., bu't

in no case are the trees permitted to

have an ultimate height of more than

ten feet. Pruning is done between

June 15th, with a sharp knife and the

cut is made at an angle to, and not

square across, the tree. To permit of.

(Continued on page xxviii)


Composition in Photography I. E. T., ’29

ONE scarcely knows just where to

begin or what to cover in

speaking of “Composition in

Photography.” While there is little

danger of one who is but a beginner

becoming too technical, I have avoided

tlie material which would be beyond

the comprehension of even the prospec¬

tive i)hotographer.

The beginner, who finds troubles in

plate, lens, or him, may take them to

his dealer or photographer friend, but

composition troubles must be dehned

and corrected by oneself.

Broadly speaking there are two

types of photographic composition-—ar¬

rangement and selection. The former,

which is inainly conhned to^ portrait¬

ure and still life, gives the photogra¬

pher considerable latitude; the latter,

save in the choice of a station-point, and

the addition of an occasional hgure,

limits the artist to the. selection of a

suitable subject under the best possible

conditions of lighting and atmosphere.

A common origin of both these types

is found in the impulse that inspires

them. The true artist composes by

impulse and not from text-book dia¬

gram; one pose is taken because it ac¬

centuates the grace of a graceful figure,

another because it adds dignity to a

model who is naturally dignified; that

view is rejected because, though beauti¬

ful in the landscape, it is a failure as

a picture.

Unfortunately the very nature of

composition renders it impossible to be

taught. ‘Ut is impossible to give you

rales that will enable you to compose,”

writes Riiskin. “If it were possible to

compose pictures by rule, Titian and

Veronese would be ordinary men.”

A Japanese artist submits that “Com¬

position is like the creation of the

world, holding in itself the construc¬

tive laws that gave it life.” “Rules

are made from pictures, not pictures

from rules,” said Sir Joshua Reynolds.

Fortunately, although composition

cannot be tauglit, it can be learned,

learned just as writing, swimming,

basketball are learned—by practice.

Theory is of but little use till it is

applied; but the moment a person be¬

gins to practice an art or craft him¬

self he begins to pick up knowledge

and to form his own theories. Thus

to the student of composition every

good picture he sees and all the good

advice he can secure, begin to have an

educative value.

Training the mind to sense pictorial

{possibilities is the prime requisite to

artistic success. By the trained eye

beauty is seen at every turn. Artistic-

subjects are plucked from the most

casual surroundings. In time, by prac¬

tice, we can become as confident as the

artist who was confronted by the ob¬

servation of an onlooker: “But I don’t

see it like that!” “No,” he replied,

“but don’t von wish vou could?” t/

The beginner must learn to “see

straight,” to “see what he looks at.”

We must not be offended at such re¬

marks, for thev are onlv too true.

The first essential is the facility for

noting the great limiting lines ever

present in nature. By doing so we

discover that we are no longer con¬

tent with petty confinement in our

subjects and gain the ability to see

things broadly whereby we acquire

distinctive character. '

Despite what detail may be present.

the o. a. c. review 107

we find all nature bounded by great

lines of imitation. Horizons are limit¬

ed to a series of straight lines to which

tlieir broken points extend. Trees

and other nearby objects will likewise

be found to be bounded by lines to

which their outermost edges extend.

Once we cultivate the habit of seek¬

ing these large limitations we are in

a fair way to grasp the more intricate

features of composition and to appre¬

ciate the factors ensuring successful

balance.

llefore mentioning “balance” I

sliould say a word or two of its com¬

panion, “breadth.” The old rule of

“back to the sun” is fatal to breadth.

The sun at the side gives rise to pleas¬

ing lights and shadows and luminosity

throughout the whole. When the sun

is uot too high in the heavens is the

])referred time. Near views yield more

breadth nsualh^ than distant scenes.

Distant landscapes, beautiful to the eye.

may be nondescript to the camera. No

human eye ever saw near and far alike

in the same plane.

Balance is a more difficult subject

and less easily explained. It is often

the stumbling block of otherwise good

photographers. The* object of interest

should not, as a rule, be placed in the

central position in the picture, and

should be relieved by an opposing but

lesser mass.

The whole idea is that it should

please and not offend the eye. The plea¬

surable feeling coming from inspection

of a picture may not be capable of an-

alization on the part of the onlooker, it

is enough that it pleases.

Who will attempt to define Dr. Ma-

thison’s meaning in the lines of his

well-known hymn—

“And from the ground these blossoms

red,

Life that shall endless be.”

But they are beautiful nevertheless.

Sweeping lines suggest length and

breadth and are to be always preferred.

Most artists consider them essential.

Adrian Stokes,, eminent English artist,

taught his pupils that the attainment of

stvle could not be realised without t/

them, illustrating that one line crossed

by another is a negation and means

nothing; that parallel lines do not

incite the imagination; lines slightly

approaching do arouse interest, as

someAvhere they are bound to meet;

low, flat curves have much of the same

quality of suggestion, but short curves

are rather poor in expression. The

only illustration of the latter in nature

that results in grand and impressive

expression, is to be found in the cumu-

lous cloud.

This authority also observed that,

“horizontal lines, whether of cloud,

water or land, are apt to convey feel¬

ings of tranquility and repose. The

sadness that sometimes seems to per¬

vade a vast seashore may, possibljq be

due chiefly to their presence. Jagged

and sharply contrasted lines, on the

<'.ontrary, are suggestive of wildness or

storm. ’ ’

Mention should be made of the use

of the broken line to add mystery.

The beginner should note especially the

manner in which one line carries the

eye on to the next and so controls its

passage over the picture area. A splen¬

did example of an artist’s use of such

lines is found in Foster’s autumn land¬

scape in Watson Hall parlour.

The style and character of a compo¬

sition, and, therefore, the impression it

will convey, are dependent upon the

types of predominating lines.

Lines may be termed as being either

dynamic or static. Vertical, uprising

lines are said to be dynamic as, when

featured in a composition they sug-


gest power and change; and horizon¬

tal or gradually approaching lines are

more suggestive of repose and order.

By heeding the character of lines in

the subject we are in a fair way to

exercise great control over the final

eft'ect.

After practicing these points of ob¬

servation, the student no longer has

difficulty in appreciating that all good

composition is based on methods of

careful thought and arrangement in

harmony with the motive, and not at all

upon chance, as he may at first have

supposed. Successful composition is

attained when all the arranged masses

convey a pleasing conviction that the

picture area has been filled in the most

agreeable manner, that the size and

position of the light and dark masses

is the most effective; that the direction

and force of the lines of interest are

most proper and graceful and that the

emphasis has been correctly and taste-

fuly effected.

The picture should be fully worked

out in the mind before being snapped.

When the photographer has reached

the stage where the shutter is not

opened without a good and sufficient

reason, he has, indeed, advanced.

Quality and not quantity must be his

aim. Practice of a rigid discrimination

will do more than any other single

mental trait toward ensurance of ar¬

tistic success,

A photographer must realize the

limitation of his medium. Although

the camera can do many, many things

impossible to the brush or pencil, its

principal limitations have to do with

colour and perspective.

We must early learn of the inability

of the camera to render colour. Al¬

though the tonal values of colour can

be rendered by the proper use of

color-screens, we must learn to see the

subject in monochrome and utterly de¬

prived of varied colour. By so doing

we avoid being deceived into attempt¬

ing subjects depending upon colour

alone for their charm, and hence beyond

the capacity of the photographer.

Some acquaintance of the laws of

perspective must be made, as the cam¬

era must be handled with respect in

relation to them, or many weird re¬

sults are apt to occur. The rapid re¬

cession of lines when registered through

a lens, tends to exaggerate the size

and perspective of nearby objects.

Most lenses are apt to exclude too wide

a field, but this can be overcome by

the use of lenses of generous focal

length, or by screening out by enlarg¬

ing.

Do not lose sight of the fact that suc¬

cess depends to a great extent upon

originality of treatment and the pro¬

per lighting of the subject. The selec¬

tion of subjects is largely a matter of

intuition. If you would complain of

lack of new material, listen to what

Ruskin has said: ‘‘The truths of nature

are one eternal change: one infinite

variety. There is no bush on the face

of the globe exactly like another bush;

there are no two* trees in the forest

whose boughs bend in the same net¬

work. Though nature is constantly

beautiful she does not exhibit her high¬

est powers of beauty constanth% for

they would then pall upon the senses.

Her finest touches are things which

must be watched for, her most perfect

passages of beauty are the most fleet-

mg.’

People do affirm that there is lit¬

tle that is new to be found in picture-

making. Wordsworth has a line for

them:—

“Minds that have nothing to confer

Rind little to perceive.”

(Continued on page xiv)


N. F. C. U. S. Notes. ^ Annual Conference, 1928

1. (a) The Annual Conference of the N. F. C. U. S., will he held at Hart House, the University of To¬ ronto, December 27-28-29-30. Regis¬ tration wall take place on the first morning from 10.00 to 12.00.

Special Delegates

1. (b) In addition to the mem¬ bers of the Council and Officers, it is fully expected that delegates will be present representing the follow¬ ing organizations:

1. International Confederation of Students (C. I. E.)

2. National Union of Students of the University Colleges of England, and Wales (N. U. S.)

3. National Student Federation

of America (N. S. F. A.) 4. Students’ Christian Movement

in Canada. 5. Canadian - League of Nations

Society.

Purchase of Athletic Equipment

(2) This is to advise all repre¬ sentatives to the N. F. C. U. S. Coun¬ cil that a temporary agreement has been made with A. G. Spalding & Bros., of Canada, Ltd., whereby all universities who are members of the National Federation can purchase athletic equipment from the above house subject to a trade discount of 33 1-3 per cent. This temporary ar¬ rangement is effective at once, but before being permanent will need to be ratified at the Conference this De¬

cember. It must be distinctly understood

that all the equipment purchased must be for the respective Students

Unions, and not for individual stud¬ ents.

A. .G Spalding & Bros, have ac¬ quainted the following regional re¬ presentatives of their house with the details of the arrangement:

Ontario Agricultural ’College, A. G Spalding & Bros., 241 Yonge St.

International Confederation of

' Students

(3) As previously advised, Mr. E. M. Reid, Rhodes Scholar elect from the University of Toronto, was the official N. F. C. U. S. representative of the N. F. C. U. S. to the ninth Annual Meeting at Rome last Sep¬ tember. A very detailed and encour¬ aging Report has been received from Mr. Reid, but owing to its length and importance, it will be held over until the December Con¬ ference.

Exchange of Undergraduates

(4) The final approval of this scheme is still outstanding in several universities, although it is being con¬ sidered. To date, the following uni¬ versities have approved of the plan both in regard to principle and re¬ mission of fees:

British Columbia Alberta ' Saskatchewan Ontario Agricultural College Queen’s University Acadia Several other universities have

submitted very favorable progress reports, and not one university has yet turned down the scheme. It is anticipated that every university

(Continued on page xxiv)


English Department Notes and News

“To those who love the cities, they

may be not simply endurable but glor¬

ious in times of plenty; but to those

who love the country, the country is a

perfect home, rich in never-failing fount¬

ains of delight and inspiration. My

choice has already been made and I

have no regrets.” Peter McArthur.

special essay. The subject for

the Second Year Special Essay for those

who wish to compete for the prize this

year is, “Canadian Wheat Pools.” This

is a subject which should attract a large

number of students and the competition

will be keen. The essays will be judged

l)y representatives of the English, the

Agricultural Economics, and the Field

Husbandry Departments. ^

REVIEW ENGLISH. The articles

and news notes in The Review are ex¬

ceptionally well-written and there are

])erhaps fewer mistakes in English than

in most College magazines. But I found

a few in the October number, which I

read critically from cover to cover:

“Wiener” is spelled “weiner” several

times. Now “wiener” comes from

“Wien” the Austrian name for Vienna,

’where wieners were first invented, while

“weiner” is a German word meaning

“one who weeps.” The derivation of a

word is often the key to the spelling.

A news note says “Luke Pearsall lead

his rugby squad on to the cam.pU'S.’ The

verb should of course be “led”. Fresh¬

men please take note.

A note on athletics says “The student

body can show its appreciation by attend¬

ing the games”. “Their” would be bet¬

ter than “its”. Why?

“I will go farther”, says another writ¬

er. He should have said “further’.

“Farther” is used of stationary objects;

for example, “Ottawa is farther away

than Toronto.” “Further” always im¬

plies some thing additional; for example,

“I have no further use for it”; “I shall

speak no further on this point.” “We

walked further than we intended .”

In still another article, the writer says,

“I would like to meet them”, when he

means to say, “I should like to meet

them”. I should (not would) be sur¬

prised to hear a student use “should”

correctly, along with “I” or “we”.

CLASSES IN GERMAN. For some

time a number of members of the junior

staff have been anxious to study Ger¬

man, in which so many scientific works

,are written, and earlv this fall Professor

Unwin organized a class. It has met

once a week, and there has been a good

attendance. Needless to say, the stud¬

ents of this model class never “slope”

lectures and their exercises are always

done. They have no “supps” and there

are no letters sent home to say that Bill

or Bob is spending too much time at

Mac. Hall and must 'improve in his

work. When any strange gutteral

sounds are heard about the corridors

and in the laboratories the undergrad¬

uates will know that some member of

Professor Unwin’s class is practising

for the next Monday evening’s lesson.

DR. JOHNSON’S SECRET “Sir

Joshua Reynolds once asked Dr. Johnson

how he attained to his abundant and ac¬

curate flow of language. His reply was

that he had early laid it down as a fixed

rule to do his best on every occasion,

and in every company; to impart what¬

ever he knew in the most forcible lan¬

guage he could put it in; and that by

constant practice, and never suffering

any careless exipression to escape him,


or attempting to deliver his thoughts

without arranging them in the clearest

manner, it became habitual to him.”

A MEMORABLE EVENING. The

members of the Picture Committee e-

lected by the classes at the O.A.C. and

Macdonald Institute are as follows:

Fourth Year, E. C. Beck; Third Year,

Irwin Thomas; Second Degree, L. B.

Pett; Intermediate, A. N. L. Butler;

Second Associate, W. Tym; First Year

G. B. Dale; Senior Normal, Miss E. Fer¬

guson ; Senior Associate, Miss Margaret

Reed; Junior Normal, Miss R. Nichol;

Junior Associate, Miss Jane Parks;

Homemakers, Miss J. Petrie; Institu¬

tional Management, Miss Mary Wilson.

On the evening of November 15th—

the night of the memorable hazing—the

committee accompanied by Miss Cruik-

shank, and by Prof, and Mrs. Stevenson,

paid a visit to the art gallery of Mr.

Homer Watson, the distinguished land¬

scape artist, at Doon, and a couple of

hours were spent most delightfully in

listening to the comments of Mr. Watson

on art and artists, and in admiring the

scores of pictures and sketches which

Mr. Watson has on exhibition in his

gallery.

Mr. Watson in his younger days spent

a number of years in England and knew

WBistler, Oscar Wilde and other cel¬

ebrated artists of the nineties, and he

entertained his visitors with stories re¬

garding them. Some time ago the Mem¬

orial Hall Committee passed a resolution

that the next painting purchased for the

Hall should be one of Homer Watson’s,

and it is to be hoped that the picture

committee may be able to suggest ways

and means of making the purchase.

‘AVHAT ENGLISH!” On the door

of the Massey Hall there was until re¬

cently a notice which read “No Smoking

Allowed”; and some critical passer-by

had scrawled across it. “What English!”

The criticism was to the point. The ex¬

pression is not good English. But the

Department of English was not respons¬

ible for the notice. It was put there by

one of the caretakers some years ago.

And that reminds me—That same care¬

taker asked me one day to let her have

or r dog Toby to go after the rats in the

basement. I replied. “Toby is not a

good dog for rats. Professor Unwin’s

terriers are much better. Ask him to

let you have them. They’ll make short

work of the rats.” She went to Prof¬

essor Unwin, as suggested, and made her

request somewhat as follows: “Prof¬

essor Unwin, There’s a rat in one of the

waste paper barrels. Can I have one

of your dogs ? I asked Dr. Stevenson

to let me have Toby; but, says he, “Toby

ain’t no good for rats. You’d better

get one of Professor Unwin’s dogs.

Them terriers is death on rats!”

PUBLIC SPEAKING BULLETIN.

“Public Speaking and Debate” is the

title of a new bulletin which has been

prepared by Professor G. H. Unwin

and Mr. E. C. McLean of the Depart¬

ment of English, and which is just off

the press. For those students and ex-

students who are familiar with the work

of Professor Unwin and Mr. McLean

there is no need to say anything further

regarding the bulletin. Their names are

a guarantee of excellence. The bulletin

deals with debating and with public

speaking in all its forms, and it will be

welcomed by students at this College and

debaters and speakers throughout the

province.

A SUBSTITUTE FOR SWEARING

“It is said that when the late Duke of

Wellington received his morning mail

he was in the habit of marking on some

of the communications the letters “BI.B.

D.” His secretary in some roundabout

way had come to understand that the

letters meant “He be damned”. Now, it


is not etiquette in official circles to use

this expression in an epistle; even when

a dash takes the place of the final letters

of the last word. In our search for a

substitute for swearing it is therefore

interesting to know how the secretary

translated the terse phrase into lawful

English. His reply took this form;—

“Sir,—Field-Marshal the Duke of

Wellington has given your commrnica-

tion his most earnest consideration, and

begs leave to express his regret that it

is impossible for him to comply with

yoi'T request.”

FARM VERSUS FACTORY. The

following is part of an essay by St. John

Ervine on the old subject of the farm

versus the factory.

“Which is the more interesting job,

the work of a machine-minder in a mod¬

ern factory or the work of a plough¬

man? I remember some years ago being

conducted over a model factory in the

North of England. More thought could

not have been expended on the comfort

and care of the people employed in it.

But when I came away from that fact¬

ory, I came away in a state of depression.

^qd seen three girls at work on a small

job. One girl did part of the job; an¬

other girl did another part; and the

third girl finished it. They did that all

day and every day. It was the most

deadly dull work that any human being

could be put to do. There was no variety

in it, nor any hope of variety. The vir¬

tue of each girl, indeed, was that she

never did anything else but that partic¬

ular small operation. All over the

machine-world, masses of young and

old men and women are performing

these dull parts of dull jobs.

How different is the life of a farm-

labourer from that of a town-labourer.

Its variety is remarkable. It changes

from season to season “They poor

Lon’on folk think they selves so clever

says the Suffolk farmer, ‘cos they can

mind a machine. Machines do the same

work day after day, but we have ter

mind the weather, and that be never

the same t\vo days, or even two hours,

together.”

The farm-labourer begins a job and

ends it. He breaks the soil for sowing;

he plants the seed; he watches it grow

into the crop which presently he will

harvest; and when it is cut down, he

carries it home. He knows about land

and weather; he knows about ci ops;

he knows about animals; he knows

about markets; he has to deal with grain

and with cattle; he has to understand

the vagaries of soil as well as the vag¬

aries of prices. The farm-labourer is

something of a meteorologist; something

of a veterinary surgeon; something of a

naturalist; and a great deal of a man.

I am under no illusions about the

farming life: it is a hard and exacting

one; but when that admission has been

made, who will deny that it is a varied

life, that offers a man a greater range of

interests than is possible to anyone in

a town? It was irksome becarse of its

solitude and because there was little

opportunity for relaxation from it. But

the irksome character is disappearing,

and young people find now in the coun¬

try almost as many chances of entertain¬

ment as are to be found in towns, and

find them in happier circumstances.

And now consider this fact, that more

literature has come out of village life

than has come out of town life. The

ploughman and the farmer and the vil¬

lage have many times been celebrated in

poem and novel, but how often has a

poet or a novelist been inspired by a cot-

tonmill or a pickle-factory? A small town

was the birthplace of Shakespeare; a

hamlet was the birthplace of Thomas

Hardy. I doubt if they could have writ-

(Continued on page xxviii)


H. G. TILLMAN, ’28, Editor-in-Ohief. H. J. COLSON, ’29, Associate Editor.

J. A. BERRY, ’28, Live Stock. G. P. COLLINS, ’28, Agronomy. H, R. BOYCE, '28, Horticulture. C. R. SMITH, ’30, Poultry W. D. TOLTON, ’28, Dairy. W. R. ROBINSON, ’28, Apiculture. S. R. HOWE, ’30, College Life.

H. W. WHITESIDE, ’28, Alumni. S. T. PARRISH, B.S.A., Alumni

Corresponding Editor. Corresponding Editor.

A. JAMIESON, ’29, Art. W. R. GRAHAM, ’29, Locals. 0. M. McCONKEY, B.S.A., N.F.C.U.S.

MISS F. PARSONS, Mac. Rep. MISS M. LANGSTAPF, Jr. Rep.

m CCS

EDITORIM Cost of College Courses

At a luncheon held in the Agri¬ cultural College last week, Dr. Creelnian made a com¬

parison of the cost of a year’s course at the college forty years ago, with the cost now. He stated, according to the report-^which has been wide¬ ly published—that the annual cost forty years ago was $60, and that now 'it had risen to $500.

Dr. Creelman was endeavoring to explain why comparatively few far¬ mers’ sons attend the Agricultural College. It may be permitted to make some comments on these figures as an explanation of the fact. The estimated cost of $60 is net, af¬ ter earnings from student labor were deducted, and without adding any¬ thing for personal expenses. The estimate of $500 is gross, without

deducting possible earnings and in¬ cluding more than 100% additional for personal expenses. The figures properly comparable in the circum¬ stances are not $60 with $500, but $120 with $216. Hence the figures given are not measures of the same values received, but of entirely dif¬

ferent values. Let us look at the gross necessary

annucal costs of 1887 and 1927: — 1887 1927

Board.$ 85.00 $150.00 Tuition. 20.00 20.00 Contingency. 5.00 6.50 Society Fees . . . . 14.75 Books. 10.00 25.00

$120.00 $216.25

The student of forty years ago could reduce the gross expenditure


of $120 to $60 by student labor. At

that period in the development of

the Agricultural College idea, it was

isupposed to be a necessary function of the college to provide practical training. The student was put to work on the farm three or four af¬ ternoons a week, and was paid for his work. The wage paid varied from four cents to ten cents an hour, according to the ability and will¬ ingness of the student. At an aver¬ age rate of eight cents an hour, v/ork:ng four afternoons a week a student might earn $54.40 in the year. Then if he spent only $5 in books, and received back his $5 de¬ posit on contingency—that is, if he were never fined for bad conduct and managed to get through the year without breaking any window panes or furniture—and if 'he never went down tov/n with the boys aaid never took a girl to a show or a sleighing party, his net expenditure would be $55.60, from October 1st to June 30th.

The practice of student labor has become pretty well discredited, and has been gradually abandoned. To¬ day only the associate class in the first half of the freshman year are required to do student labor, and it is proposed now to abamdon even that. Instead of half-time student labor and half-time instruction con¬ tinued to June 30th, as formerly, the college course now closes about April 15th, after two terms of con¬ tinuous instruction in" agricultural science, and the students are ex¬ pected to secure their practical training on their own or on other farms. The students of to-day thus have ten weeks clear from April 15th to June 30th to earn money

without interruption, and most of them manage to eain in that time a great deal more than $54.40.

There is a wide interval between the necessary expenditure of $216 and the gross estimated expenditure of $500.

The student who spent only $120 forty years ago, or the one who spends only $216 to-day was, or is, necessarily content with the narrow plain college life which these sums represent. The life at the college to¬ day, outside of the class-room, is more rich and varied in opportun¬ ity than forty years ago. Corres¬ pondingly, the opportunities to spend

money are greater, and some stud¬ ents, no doubt, manage to build up expensive habits, and to spend more than $500 a year. I am assured, however, by more than one student who has enjoyed the social life of the college to a satisfying degree that $500 is much beyond what is needful. I am not, of course, at¬ tempting to take account of those who choose to waste their substance in riotous living.

There must be an explanation of the unwillingness of the farmers’ sons to incur the present cost of a course in agriculture, other than

their inability to afford it. There are hundreds of farmers’ sons in the Canadian Universities taking courses much more expensive than that at Guelph.

At the University of Toronto, for example, some minimum annual ex¬ penditures have been estimated as

follows: Arts, $400; .medicine $540; dentistry $530; compared with $216 for agriculture at Guelph.

J. B. Revnolds.


New Society The breeding of light horses must

necessarily be a ^sideline to farming

and, therefore, it will never be worth

a farmer’s wiiile to spend an^^ large

amount of his time in furthering the

industry as a whole. The Canadian

lluntei*. Saddle and Light Horse Im-

])rovement Society consequently hopes

to till the gap. It has a nominal an¬

nual membership fee of $3.00, and its

hope is that it will receive the support

of the breeders who can be assisted

through the activities of the Associa¬

tion and the studies it is making of the

l)roblem, to develop an interesting and

profitable side line to better advantage.

The Society hopes to receive the sup¬

port of hunting men and horse lovers

generally, who take pride in the fact

that of all the })laces on earth, Ireland,

England, and Canada produce the best

hunters, that Canadian jumping hors<^s

head the list of winners wherever

shown, Avhether in Europe or America,

and that Canadian horses have held

the world’s high jump records for two

generations. The Society hopes to re¬

ceive the support of both Dominion and

Provincial Departments of Agricul¬

ture, because, by,the co-operation of

all and the expenditure of a compara¬

tive! v small a'mount of monev our t/ *

export trade in hunters to the United

States can certainly be made to in¬

crease the agricultural revenue of our

countrv bv several hundred thousand « «

dollars.

WANTED

Typing by experienced Typist. The¬ sis typed reasonably and neatly.

B. Sanderson,

17 Glasgow St., Guelph.

CONVERSAT

The Conversat will be held on Friday night, Feb. 3rd. Burton Till’s

Orchestra will be in attendance. A cordial invitation is extended to all ex-

rtudents. Invitations may be obtained upon application to I. MacLeod, O.A.C.

UKRAINIAN CHOIR

January 14, 1928, under the direction of Mr. George Hassan, Memorial

Hall.


On Jan. 14, 1928, the Ukrainian Choir,

of Toronto, will present a grand con¬

cert in Memorial Hall. As a result of

repeated requests of people who heard

this choir in 1925, the Y.M.C.A. and

S.C.M. have arranged their coming.

The choir is under the direction of Mr.

Geo. Hassan, who is remem'bered by

Toronto music lovers by his work at

the iCanadian National Exhibition in

1924-25.

THE MASQUERADE Oh, Boy! What a dance! The I.O.

D.E. Masquerade has always been one

of the best dances of the season. Its

only rival for real fun is the barn

dance. Everybody—so it seemed—•

went this year, with the expectation of

having a large evening. They weren’t

disappointed in the least.

The Committee are to be congratulat¬

ed on their decorations and music.

Everything went smoothly from start

to finish. Originality and beauty

marked the excellence of the costumes.

Almost everyone had picked a dif¬

ferent winner for the various prizes,

but when the judges made the -awards

most were satisfied.

THIRD YEAR DINNER DANCE The Third Year have established an

enviable reputation for putting on good

parties. Their annual year dinner

dance was no exception. -Short, pithy

toasts following a tasty banquet, good

snappy music, and novelty dances all

went to make a merry evening.

It seemed as though everybody there

just felt like “a real good party.” They

certainly had one. The girls are talk¬

ing about it yet.

SUNDAY SOCIAL HOURS The innovation of a Sunday social

hour directly after dinner has met with

approval everywhere on the campus.

The programmes which we have had

the privilege of listening to have been

0^ the best, while the attendance at all

meetings so far augurs well for the

future entertainments.

Instead of just an entertainment let’s

make it a REAL social hour. Why not

have the pleasure of a few minutes

chat with a fair lady across the table

from you before the programme; and

after the programme a half an hour’s

chat with the boys and girls of your

acquaintance over a cup of coffee? The

art of conversation has not -altogether

been buried under the silence of the

dance and the shoAv. If it has, the

philharmonic has given us our chance

to dig it up.

UNION LITERARY SOCIETY The attendance at ‘‘Lit” meetings

this year has been above the average.

Some of this increase in numbers may

be due to aroused Colege spirit, but

most of it is undoubtedly due to the

excellence of the programmes which


have been provided. Then, again, we

musn’t forget the privilege afforded ns

of listening to the pleasantries and

witticisms of our president.

Miss Lorraine Ferguson', popular

house president of Mac Hall, rendered

a difficult selection from Shakespeare,

with marked ease and command. In

spite of continued applause an encore was refused.

Following this Mr. D. J. Petty play¬

ed a violin solo from “Cavalleria Rus-

ticana.” It was very well received, as

was also the encore.

‘^Resolved, that the Government

should, in case of need, provide a mini¬

mum living allowance for the depend¬

ants of all offenders confined in penal

institutions,” was the subject under

debate for the evening.

The sophomores, represented by R.

H. Graham, and E. F. Walker on the

affirmative, suffered defeat at the

hands of E. R. MoClellan and R. A.

Patterson, of the Juniors. While the

debate was not outstanding as a debate,

yet it was full of wit and humour from

beginning.

This marks the second victory for

the juniors, giving them the champion¬

ship.

The ^‘Melodious Maidens from Mac,”

in very pretty costumes, put on several

chorus numbers. A featuree of their

act was an ‘‘Old Fashioned Garden,”

in which Miss Jean Dewar took a solo

part.

DETROIT STUDENT CONVENTION

At Detroit, this winter, December 28

to Jenuary 1, four thousand students

from the United States and Canada,

will come together to frankly discuss

the whole business. If we are some¬

what disgusted with the sort of a world

we have now—-if we think it can ever

be molded nearer to the heart’s desire

—^what about this project of foreign

mission which is so widely discussed,

so important a factor in present world

development? Must it be discarded?

Can it be improved in certain repects?

Can it be made more effective by

changing the political, racial, and

economic attitudes in this countiy

which are not thoroughly Christian?

Can the elements of propoganda be re¬

moved from the missionary approach,

and sound psychological principles ad¬

hered to?

All such questions may not be an¬

swered at Detroit, but it is expected

that students will come willing to

think seriously about them and frankly

air their views. Many foreign students

and national leaders will be present at

Detroit. It will probably be the lar¬

gest and most representative student

gathering held on the continent during

this student generation.

Students need facts as a basis for

their opinions and discussions. Out¬

standing speakers from all parts of the

world are heing brought to Detroit,

but the convention will not center in

the speakers. The high spots of the

gathering will be in colloquia, a com¬

bination discussion and forum groups.

Here, in small groups, aided by inter¬

national experts as “resource mate¬

rial,” delegates plan to think their way

through—to realize the possibility of

creating in a group, through the inter¬

play of thought, some entirely new

ideas better than any individual opin¬

ions. These will not be merely devel¬

oped by a process of addition, but by

the ‘interpenetration of us all.’

Attractive afternoon features are

planned. International teas will afford

opportunities for informal contacts.

The dramatic productions, “The Color

Line,” a play dealing with the signifi¬

cant implications of the present China


situation, and “Kerbala, ” the adap¬

tation of the iPassion Play of the Shia

Sect of Mohammedans, will be signifi¬

cant contributions to the Convention

programme.

The 'Convention is being set up by

the Student Volunteer Movement, a

fellowsliip in the colleges of those plan¬

ning on entering some form of foreign

Christian service. The -Conference is

not limited to prospective missionaries,

but is planned for all students who are

reall}^ concerned about Jesus and who

are eager to do some thinking on the

(piestion of how to make His resources

available for a distressed world.

AGRONOMY CLUB MEETING The annual re-organization meeting

of the AgronomyClub was held in the

parlor of Mills Hall, on the evening

of Nov. 15th. The large attendance

was very encouraging, and the enthu¬

siasm shown by everyone points to¬

wards a very successful year.

After a long speech b}^ the retiring

Vice-President, Mr. G. P. Collins, in

which he outlined, for the benefit of

the freshmen, the purpose of the club,

the election of officers followed:

Honorary" President—Prof. W. J.

Squirrel.

Hon. Vice-President—Mr. 0. McCon-

key.

President—G. R. Snyder.

Vice-President—G. WRiteside.

Secretary—D. Mackenzie.

Treasurer—^R. G. Thompson.

Year Representatives Fourth Year—-C. E. Lindse}^

Third Year—H. L. Ford.

Second Year—R. H. Graham.

A general discussion followed, the

chief topic being the College Royal.

The President, Mr. Snyder, explain¬

ed, for the benefit of the new members,

the general principles of the show, so

far as it concerned the Agronomy Club,

and stated that he intended to arrange

for one or tw'o lectures, previous to

the show, and the preparation and ex¬

hibition of seed.

The Judging Competition, which

takes place in the spring, was mention¬

ed briefly. Mr. Snyder also stated that

arrangements are being made with two

or three well known Agronomy ex¬

perts to visit the College and speak

before the Club.

After brief speeches by other mem-

bei’s of the executive, in which all

showed a strong feeling of optimism

for the future, success of the club, the

meeting adjourned.

D. M.

STUNT NIGHT Was it good? It certainly was. The

Freslnnen didn’t do so badly. Some of

their ideas were good but it was too

much a one-man act. Mac Hall Seniors

put on a variety skit, featuring songs

and dances. Their costumes were ex¬

cellent. Winding up with an original

song and jmll, they carried off second

place.

Year ’29 opened up with a fake or¬

chestra, followed by a fake quartet,

which was the outstanding bit of the

evening. Almost before the tenors had

reached to the skies and the basses

had dug to the depths, a fake saxo¬

phone solo was sprung. Before the

audience had recovered from this a

dashing group of chorus girls? pranced

onto the stage and sang a take off on

a previous stunt. A thunderous yell

and the pennant had been won.

The Homemakers put on a costume

stunt. The costumes were good, but

for College Night the presentation

lacked pep and life.

Year ’30 stunt was true to life and

quite humorous. It was Avell put over.


The theme of preparation for a dance

in an nntidy room was a bit too every¬ day.

Mac Hall Juniors had an excellent

stunt. Their settings and outfit were

almost perfect. The bar tender was a

scream. Unfortunately, parts of it were overdone.

The Fourth Year men presented a

dignified representation of the four

years at College. There was, perhaps,

more behind this stunt than any of the

others, but it lacked action. A fea¬

ture Avas formation of the dates out

in front by a corps of gymnasts. It

was the opinion of some that a higher

place than third was due to them.

Immediately after the show the

'‘Cafe” was the popular rendezvous. If

Dr. Stevenson could hear the opinions

and criticisms passed here he would

herald this popular meeting place as

being the forerunner of the revival of

the old coffee houses.

THE RUGBY BANQUET

As usual “Doc.” Stone was the toast¬

master. What rugby banquet would

be complete without him?

From the standpoint of games won,

this season has not been of the best,

])nt the banquet at the end of the year

lias shoAvn ns a good deal more clearly

the real value of the game. There is

a close comradeship formed on the

rugby field which few other sports can

equal. After an excellent banquet, toasts

which sparkled with wit and humour

followed. Then came the dance and

all were happy. (Several novelty

(lances which “Bill” Hamilton and

“Dan” Dempsey put across went over ])icr "'o* I,

A feature of the evening was the

presentation of club bags to our two

coaches, “Bill” Hamilton and ‘‘Fred’’

Richardson. The presentation was by

no means a matter of form nor a thing

which should be done, but was a real

expression in a small way of the re¬

gard in which- these two popular men

were held by the players. When the

tale of the banquet has been spread

about the school there will be a nnin-

ber of those who are hanging back who

will resolve to “turn out” next fall.”

THE SNOWBALL SCRAP

Just how it happened nobody seems

to know; but it did. At any rate the

first year lined up on the campus and*

set up a great howl. In a few minutes

the sophomores fared forth to do bat¬

tle and fared ill. Outnumbered bv al-

most two to one they were slowly but

surelv driven back to the residence.

Although the engagement ended al¬

most in a rout the sophs put up a good

scrap and the defeat should not be

lield against the vear.

THE ART OF CLUB MEETING Tlie second meeting of the Art Club

was held in the reception room of Mac

Hall, Saturday evening, Dec. 3, 1927.

The first part of the meeting in¬

cluded a discussion on the art exhibit

at the" College Royal on Jan. 17, and

also suggestions for the programme of

future meetings.

The main feature of the evening was

a paper on “Composition in Photogra¬

phy,” which was illustrated hy photo¬ graphs.

The content of this paper, given by

Irwin Thomas, appears esewhere in

this issue nf the 0. A. C. Review.

ONTARIO RANKS HIGH IN CHI¬ CAGO JUDGING GOMPETITION The live stock judging team stood

sixth this year in the contest at Chi¬

cago. TwentyTwo teams took part; com-


petition was keener than ever, and the

scores extremely high. Iowa, the win¬

ning team, made an aggregate score of

4,506 out of a possible 5,000, and

Guelph was but 110 points behind.

After the untiring efforts of Profes¬

sor Toole in coaching the 0. A. >0.

judges, it was soiinewhat disappoint¬

ing that they did not stand higher in

the cattle and hogs, but they redeem¬

ed themselves in sheep and horses.

The3^ were high in horses, and W. P.

Watson tied for first place in sheep.

The Guelph team consisted of G. A.

McCague, J. A. Berry, W. P. Watson,

H. G. Masten, and F. H. Lashlej^, with

N. W. Harrison as spare.

This is the twenty-fourth time that

the O.A.C. has been represented in the

Chicago judging competition. Since

they began, the teams from Guelph have

won first place three times, and second

place six times. The high man of the

contest has been from the 0. A. C. six

times.

DAIRY CLUB MEETING The Dairy Flub met at the home of

Tvir. and Mrs. Sproule, on the evening

of Dec. 8.

“Oh, doctor,” cried a wild-eyed

man, “I am dreadfully afflicted. The

ghosts of my departed relatives come

and perch on the tops of the fence

posts all round my garden when

dusk is falling. I can look out any

night and see a couple of dozen

spooks sitting on top of the posts,

waiting, waiting, waiting! What

shall I do?”

“Sharpen the tops of the posts,”

came the reply.

Th ‘ meeting was addressed by Mr.

H. Christie, on the subject of Dry Ice.

At the conclusion of the speech Mr.

Loveless, of j^ear ’30, after being in¬

troduced to the club by the president,

made a veiy able reply, thereby quali¬

fying as an active member of the as¬

sociation.

At this point a lively discussion on

timeE^ subjects was ed by members of

the dairy school staff. Plans for a big¬

ger and better exhibit for the College

Royal was presented. A committee

composed of Messrs. C. Hodkins, D.

Tolton, F. Smith and S. Howe were

iLominated to make the necessary pre¬

parations for the show> The dairy boys

showed great enthusiasm over the pro¬

posed ideas. It is evident the}’ are

out to capture the blue ribbon again

this A^car.

The business of the evening disposed

of, dainty" refreshments ivere served hy

the hostess, after which a vote of

thanks Avas tendered by Professor

Dean to Mr. and Mrs. Sproule for the

kind hospitality of their home.

The meeting closed with the singing

of ‘' God Save the King. ’ ’

Reducing the Surplus Mother—‘H think jmu’d be happier,

Doreen, if Amu married a man with

less monev. ” t/

Doreen—Don’t Avorry, mother;

Gerald Avill soon have less.”—Humor¬

ist.

STRANGE SIGNS All Ave knoAV about the language of

kisses is that a kiss on the ear means the girl dodged.


BASKETBALL The baseball season tliis 3'ear opened

with one of the 'best games ever seen

at 0. A. C. Hamilton Oskies supplied

the opposition for Prof. Raker’s team,

and the two teams certainly were even¬

ly matched. Bnt, thanks to “Pete”

Potter, who, with 20 seconds to go,

scored a basket from tlie centre of the

door, the Aggies won 36-35. At no

time during the game was there a great

difference in the score, and the crownl

was on its toes all of the time.

The local team appeared to be in

mnch better form than last year, and

we look for a snccessfid year in bas¬

ketball.

It wonld be unfair to pick a star

from the local squad, and it wonld also

be almost impossible. 'For the Oskies,

Xiinan was outstanding.

The line-np:

Forwards—Potter (5) ; Hewer (7) ;

Centre—Currey (5) ; Guards—Eckert,

Morris (7) ; Subs.—H. Hull (5) ; G.

Hull (4) ; Graham (2) ; Neff (1) ; Se-

cord. Oskies—Forwards — Scrnton (10) ;

I.(aidman (13); Griffin ;Centre—Miseh-

game, played on the College campus,

Prof. Blackwood’s squad was held to

a 0-0 draw. The team seemed to lack

the combination which has always been

present in former years, but Vic. was

very luck}^ to hold the Aggies score¬

less.

In the return game in Toronto, Vic¬

toria defeated 0. A. F. 1-0, thereby

eliminating the Aggies from the run¬

ning.

It would be difficult to pick any star

on the School line-up. However,

Thompson, Pritchett, McLeod and Me-

Cague were outstanding.

Many reasons have been advanced

explaining the defeat, but the princi¬

pal one seems to be the lack of exhibi¬

tion games against outside teams. This

could easily have been remedied, so

let US profit in years to come by this

year’s experience.

The squad line-up:

Goal—^Chepeswick. Fidl backs —

Thompson, T. Bett. Half backs—Mc-

Cague, Storey, Pritchett. Forwards—

McLeod, Ross, F. Bett, Garnet, Petty.

INTERGROUP RUGBY. nick (4) ; Guards—^Nieman (6) ; La-\v-

son. Small (2) ; Mischnick.

SOCCER The soccer season this year was

short and ended rather badly for 0.

A.C. There were only two league

games, both being played against Vic¬

toria College, of Toronto. In the first

At the close of the Intercollegiate

rugby season a league, composed of

six teams, was formed at the O.A.C.

The main idea was to discover and de¬

velop material for next year’s team.

The league was a decided success and

certainly served its purpose well.

Managers were chosen from the senior

vear and members of the facultv acted


as coaches. The Athletic Association

is very thankful to Prof. Squirrel, Dr.

Stone, Prof. Stickley, Mr. Stillwell, Mr.

.Edwards, and Physical Director Bam-

forth for their work in coaching the

squads. •

At any rate when winners in the

tw'O groups had been declared, it was

found that the ‘‘None-Such,” coached

by Prof. Squirrel, and the Roughnecks,

coached by ‘‘Bam” Bamforth, were

due to battle for the supreme honors.

The day of the big game wias rainy

and cold, but all of the seats in the

stand were sold, and so, despite the

fact that they were “all wet,” the

t«;ams fought it out*

The final result was 10-2 in favor of

the Non-Such, who, on the day’s play,

appeared much the better team. Hewer

and Watson scored touch-downs, but

every man on the field played a cre¬

ditable game and we look for a real

team next fall.

Line-up:

Roughnecks. Non-Such

Jamieson

Plying Wing

Richardson

Scollie

Halves

Fair

Karr Watson

Smith Townsend

Griffiths

Quarter

Hewer ■ Snap

M. Shearer Slater

J. Shearer Insides

Pinch

Hamlyn McKean

Middles

Charlton Tolton

Dempsey Lindsav

Outsides

Baker Mackey

Warren Ferguson

Spares

McCalla Bartlett

Glover, Parker Goble

Hartley, Aitchison Wilson

HOOKEY

With most of last year’s squad to

build around, the Aggie hockey team

has started training, keeping the cham-

pnonship in view at all times. Manager

Wright has his squad at the gymna¬

sium daily for conditioning exercises,

and the boys expect to step into the

long grind in first class physical shape,

so important is this game.

The team is planning several exhibi¬

tion games, and trips are being made

to the artificial ice rink at Kitchener.

Walker, Goodwillie, ScoHie, Townsend,

Carlson, Mitchell, Aikens and Hamill,

of last year’s team, are turning out.

“Sliver” Renouf has resumed his

studies at 0. A. C., and is also out.

Among the freshmen are Henry, Shane,

Stoneman and several others, who are

out to make a place.

All games will be played in the

Guelph Arena this year, and the team

will stop at nothing short of a cham¬

pionship.

“There’s no livin’ with my ’usband MAKING IT MORE GRAPHIC now, ma’am; fame’s ruined ’im! Perhaps as the flivver becomes more

“ ’E won’t work since ’e got cured and more predatory the garage will in by them pills, and ’ad his photograph time be called a lair.—Moose Jaw in the paper.” Times.

i THE O. A. C. REVIEW 123

DECEASED CHANGES IN GRADUATE LIST P. C. Powys, ’84, died recently in

California. For many years Mr.

Powys farmed in New Brunswick, and

later in the Canadian West. Until re¬

cently he was one of the Supervisors

of the S. S. E. in Winnipeg. A son,

B. C. Powys, of T7, was killed over¬ seas.

WEDDINGS Sanderson-Rife

A very pretty wedding was solemniz¬

ed at the home of the bride’s aunt, Mrs.

Mary Van Alstyne, 30 Barberry Ter¬

race, Rochester, when Norma Geral¬

dine, only daughter of Mr. James Rife

and the late Mrs. Rife, of Guelph, be¬

came the bride of Mr, Lome Alva San¬

derson, only son of Mr. and Mrs. Ed¬

win Sanderson, of Guelph. The cere¬

mony was performed by Rev. E. Ed¬

ward Rife, cousin of the bride, and

pastor of Calvary Church. The bride

was attended by Miss E. Myrtle San¬

derson, while the groom was assisted

by Mr. A. Charles Salyerds. The bride

and groom were the recipients of many

beautiful and costly gifts, attesting to

the high esteem in which they are held

by a large circle of friends. Mr. and

Mrs. Sanderson left by motor for a trip

to Canada, and after December 1 will

be at home in Clifton Springs, New

York. Sanderson was with Class ’25.

December 12th, 1927 ‘

Howitt, M. H., ’13, is attending the

School of Landscape Architecture of

Harvard University at Cambridge,

Mass.

Irvine, D. R., ’14, is farming. His

address is R. R. No. 4, Elmwood, Ont.

Lawrence, J. W., Assoc. ’13, is man¬

ager of the Ice Cream Dept, of the

Walkerside Dairy at Walkerville, Ont.

Metcalf, I. P., ’08, who was listed

last month as being in Palmer, Mass.,

is now in Thorndike, Mass. He is a

poultry farmer.

Smith, P. W. P., ’22, is with the

Rawdon Compan}^ at Hawkesbury,

Ont.'

Badwin, E., ’26, is now farming near

Milton, Ont.

Collins, G. W., ’10, is an insurance

agent in Fort William. His address is

119 May Street North, Port William.

Cuthbertson, J., ’21, is at present

attending the University of Toronto.

His home address is R. R. No. 4, Perth.

Davey, A. E., ’25, is with the British

Columbia Department nf Agriculture at Smithers, B.C.

Derby, H. A., ’23, is a graduate stu¬

dent in dairying at Iowa State College,

124 THE ,0. A. C. REVIEW

Ames, Iowa.

Dewe, B. F., ’28, is with the Grover

Daley Mines at Dupiiy, Quebec.

Fleming, M. E., ’23, is taking gradu¬

ate work in Colorado. His address is

1200 South Steel Street, Denver, Colo.,

U. S.

Forward, B. F., ’24, is with the For¬

age Division, Central Experimental

Farm, Ottawa. Last seen chasing a

corn borer out of his corn patch.

Hurtubise, R., ’25, is Seed Inspector

for Northern Ontario, with headquar¬

ters at New Liskeard.

Jackson, G. T., ’25, is Branch Mana¬

ger of the iSaskatchewan 'Co-Operative

Creamerv of Swift Hurrent, ,Sask.

Lowrie, W. J., ’22, is teaching High

School in Timmins, Out.

Matheson, 1). J., ’19, is with the

Hardie Sprayer Co., and is located at

Petrolia, Ont.

McBeath, J. C., ’18, is Field Agent

for the Fairmont Creamery Co., Buf¬

falo, N.Y.

J. W. G. (Shorty) McEwan, ’26, is

taking graduate work at Iowa State

College. His address is 2519 Hunt St.,

Ames, Iowa.

iMcRostie, J. E., ’14, has been trans¬

ferred from the Maple Leaf Miling Co.,

in Ottawa; and is now manager of their

main plant at West Toronto.

Miller, J. R., ’14, has moved from

Essex to Windsor. His address is 1349

Victoria Ave., Windsor. ''Justus” is

Secretary of the Border Cities Cham¬

ber of Commerce.

Moran, F. B., ’24, is Timber Cruiser

with the Fort William Paper Co. His

■address is 1422 Murray Ave., Fort

William.

Putnam, D. F., ’27, is a Plant Disease

Investigator wdth the Dominion Lab¬

oratory of Plant Pathology, Kentville,

N.S. ... ' ' Riley, C. G., ’23, is a student at the

Yale Forestry School, New Haven,

Conn., U.S.A.

Smith, D. M., ’15, is a Radio Engin¬

eer. His address is 109 Glenmore Rd.,

Toronto.

Thompson, R. R., ’27, is attached to

the staff of the Bacteriology Depart¬

ment lof Macdonald College, and is also

taking special work as a medical stu¬

dent at McGill University.

Van Every, W. S., ’22, is District

Agent for the Canada Life Assurance

Co., with headquarters at 75 St.' Paul

St., St. Catharines.

Wishart, G., ’24, is with the Domin¬

ion Entomology Dept., Chatham, Ont.

"Jimmy” Simpson, ’26, and Norm.

McCulley, ’24, were at the Guelph

Winter Fair with some fine stock.

Beattie, A. G., ’23, spent part of his

furlough at the College this fall,

"Beatt ” is Superintendent of Agricul¬

ture at Kwarre, Sokoto, Nigeria, West

Africa.

Copeland, "Cy.,’ ’27, was discovered

at the Toronto Royal with his woolly

charges. The competition was excep¬

tionally keen, and the placings he took

were a credit to any man.

Paradis, Roland, ’27. We under¬

stand Roland is with the Dominion

Sugar Company at Chatham. Sweet

job, Roland.

Hart, "Mac,” has been working on

school fairs all fall, but is now helping

C. C. Main, Norfolk Count}", with short

courses at Jarvis.

Romyn, A. E., M.C., Ph.D., ’16, vis¬

ited the College on Nov. 3rd. "Blondy

is with the South African Department

of Agriculture, and is now on a trip

around the world in the interests o

South African animal industry.

YEARS ^26 AND ’27 HOLD RE¬ UNION

Saturday evening, Dec. 3, found the

I“t5

THE O. A. C. REVIEW

biggest part of ’27 back for the first

reunion since graduation. The latest

reports had him well on his way to South Africa.

The old class motto, “non nobis

soils,” well lived, and as of old, the

party wasn’t complete without the

ladies. By seven o’clock twenty mem¬

bers of the old dock had gathered at

the Cafeteria, with “the one of his

choice,” ready to partake of a sump¬ tuous repast.

They ate, drank and were merry, for

that night they re-united and on the

morrow parted again. Truly it was a

wonderful meal.

With the President, Dave Andrew,

in the role of toastmaster, all rose and

drank the toast to the King, To start

festivities rolling again, Dave had them

sing “Annie Laurie,” and “Tiny”

Goring gave a brief history of his

meanderings since last May. This

brought Eddie Gerrard to his feet and

lie very briefly told the gathering of

the certain objections to the dean

wearing whiskers. (Jingle Bells) had

the Honorary President, Geo. Raithby

“giving away” some of the fellows avIio

couldn’t seem to sever connections with

the College during the summer. Art.

Donald, “Dad” Harrison and Art.

Stevens each dav had to sav a fcAV */ «•

words before the third year orchestra

made its appearance for the dance.

To the grads the party was like a

chip off the old block, formalities being

a minus (juantity. Oh, yes, they were

all represented—the student, the pro¬

fessor, the chemist, the entomologist, the

botanist, the bacteriologist, the dairy¬

man, the farmer and-the Rep. Look

them over:

Geo. Raithby, Hon. Pres.

Dave Andrew, President.

Miss Howard.

“Tiny” Goring.

1 25

Ed. Wilson.

Lloyd Baker.

Prank Morwick.

“Mac.” Hart. •T’

“Cec” Cox. ' ,

“Dad” Harrison.

Harvey Bamforth.

“Bob” Thompson.

•“Abe” Dies.

“Art.” Runions.

Geo. Hart.

“Art.” Stevens.

‘ ‘;Dusty ’ ’ Dustan.

Eddie Garrard.

Art. Donald.

Stan. Wilson.

Geo. Thompson.

YEA! ’26!

Prom North, East, South and West

the clan of ’26 gathered at Guelph on

Dec. 3rd, to revive the old days.

It certainly seemed like the spring

term of our final year, because the ’26

basket ball team was again in action.

Do you remember that final game in

our fourth year and how we were able

to live on the fat of the land at the

expense of a few kind souls who felt

it their duty to donate. Though short

on condition the spirit of ’26 was still

strong. It was “Fight, fight, fight!”

right to the final whistle. Though de¬

feated, it can be truly said that ’26

neither gave nor asked quarter. It

was a grand old game.

A stag banquet was held “en la

bodega” of the Dominion Cafe to the

tune of knives and false teeth. While

engaged in the process of whittling

down our plates, we received tele¬

grams from “Doc” and “Joe,” ex¬

pressing regret that they were unable

to attend in person.

Our Honorary President, Mr. Mc-

Conkey, assisted by “Nellie” Kemp,

(Continued on page xxvi)

126 THE 0*A. C. REVIEW

MAC. HALL BASKETBALL

This year Mac. Hall is taking a more

active interest in basketball than ever

before. Twenty girls were picked for

the training tables.

Miss Brewster is ably coaching the

girls and there is plenty of material for

two excellent teams.

Carol McArthur is managing* the team

this season. So far the team is not

linked up with any league but the girls

have played three exhibition games.

MAC. HALL 52 — BRANTFORD 16

In this, the first game of the season,

the Brantford team was completely

snowed under by the fast playing of our

team. The game was full of action

from start to finish with Mary Simp¬

son and Ruth Kirkpatrick starring all

through.

MAC. HALL 37 — GUELPH C. I 14

The game was played in the boy’s

gym before a large crowd. The Mac.

girls played their usual fast game. The

teams’ combination worked very well

as the score would indicate, the for¬

wards and side centre played a remark¬

able game. The Guelph C. I team

proved no match for the home team.

MAC. HALL 79 — GALT C. L 16

On Dec. 2, the team and a few school

spirits journeyed to Galt to play the Col¬

legiate girls. The Mac. Hall girls played

their very best and the Galt girls hadn’t

a chance. The game didn’t slow up for

a 'minute even though the playing was

very one sided. 1

After the game the Galt girls served

refreshments and the two teams spent

a delightful hour together. At 9.45 the

Mac. Hall girls started back home.

Friday night, December 2nd, the girls

of Mac. Hall held a “get-together” in

the gym to present the school “Ms.’ to

the softball team and the awards to the

tennis champions.

The prizes were presented by Miss

Agnes McKague, the president of the

Girls Athletic Society.

The members of the Junior Associate

Baseball Team winning the “Ms” for

the year are as follows:—

Nelda Miles, Donna McAlister, Marg.

Hardy, Marg. Robeson, Kay White,

Joyce Ripley, Mary Simpson, Doris

Rowes, Marion' Laing.

Miss Jean Keith won the prize for

the tennis “singles,” and Miss Isobel

McGiffin and Miss Jean McConnell for

the “doubles.”

After the presentation of the prizes

the different classes gave their songs

and yells. Miss Cruickshank and Miss

Sommerfield being the judges. After

a weighty discussion, the judges gave

their decision as follows:

Best Yell—Sr. Normals.

Best Song—Sr. Associate.

On Tuesday afternoon, Novembei* the

twenty-first, Mrs. Reynold’s entertained

all the juniors at tea. Although the day

was cold and chill nearly all the girls


were present. Several of the ladies of

the campus assisted in entertaining the

girls. Everybody enjoyed a social time

around the grate fire.

The tea-table was decorated with lace

doilies and rose candles in silver candle¬

sticks. In the centre were pink roses

and baby’s breath in a green glass bowl,

^liss Cruickshank and Mrs. Graham poured tea.

GARDEN BOWERS

O God in this wilderness of flowers,

Hath found innumerable lovely bow¬ ers ;

Where the rambler rose, and the lilac meet,

Where the forget-me-not grows at their feet.

And the trees o’er-head a canopy make

Beside the cool and silvery lake.

And among the bowers beneath the trees

Blown to and fro by the gentle

breeze,

/V golden bird sings to his mate.

From early morning to even’ late.

Filling the air with joy and love,

And telling the goodness of God

above.

—Elizabeth Morse.

The official opening of Watson Hall

took place on Thursday, Dec. the 1st.

In the afternoon the house was thrown

open to the faculty. Miss Watson, Miss

Sommerfield and Miss Minnie Black-

well, the Student-Council representative

received the guests. Mrs. Springer,

]\Iiss Cruickshank, Mrs. Doughty and

^Irs. Fuller poured tea.

In the evening the house was thrown

open to the students.

The guests were many and now we

feel that Watson Hall really belongs.

The Mac. Hall girls entertained the

men of O.A.C., at a “Social Half Houu”,

on Sunday, Dec. the 5th. A very delight¬

ful musical programme had been ar¬

ranged.

Miss Anne Fraser, Miss McNaught,

Miss Elizabeth Morse Mr. Petty

were those who helped make the pro¬

gramme a great success.

After the programme coffee was serv¬

ed in the commono room and “a pleas¬

ant time was had by all.”

EX.-STUDENTS OF MAC. HALL

To you Ex.-Students—I want to tell

about a day that I spent at Mac. Hall.

It is ten years since we graduated from

Mac. Hall, it being the year ’28 and it

is now 1937. I arrived in Guelph shortly after 8

o’clock, so went straight to the college.

I thought I would stop off at Memorial

Hall to attend Chapel Service. I ar¬

rived there and found the doors locked,

and could not get in. Was it possible

that Chapel Service was done away

with? I waited a few minutes, but as

there were no signs of life, moved on

to Mac. Hall. Nothing seemed to be

stiiring then, but I walked in. I wait¬

ed inside the door for a few minutes,

until finally a maid came to my rescue

and asked if there was anything she

could do for me. I explained to her

that I was a graduate and had just come

back to spend a day at the old place.

She said, well of course you are early,

as the girls will not be up for half an

hour. This was my first shock, the

girls did not rise till 9 o’clock. Just to

think we had to be at breakfast at a

quarter to eight.

I waited in the common room—which

was decorated much differently to when

we attended. There must have been at

least six chesterfields and not the old

wickei* chairs, which we thought were

so comfortable, but chesterfield chairs

with big soft sinking cushions and ash-


stands beside them. A little after nine

the girls began to stroll in—I was later

informed that they had breakfast served

to them in their own rooms. Most of

the girls wore lounging pajamas, and

looked very smart indeed^ They each

carried a note-book and pen. I was

rather mystified and wondered if they

were going to lectures in those outfits.

I was soon put out of this frame of

mind as they all seated themselves com¬

fortably around the room. Were they

going to take lectures here? Soon some¬

one turned on the radio and I thought

I recognized a familiar voice. “We are

now broadcasting from the chemistry

building, a lecture for the Mac. Hall

girls—This is professor Le-Mieux speak¬

ing. Then I realized that the lectures

were being given to them over the radio.

I could not help but think of the many

hours that we had spent in the rather

queer smelling chemistry building, which

seemed to have such an effect on us,

that we all practically were asleep before

the lectures ended. This lasted for half

an hour. The radio was then turned

off. In a minute a great cloud of smoke

appeared. At first I thought that the

building was on fire, but soon became

aware that the girls were merely smok¬

ing. All I could think of was that there

must have been a change in presidency,

since we had attended the school.

Soon the radio was turned on and

another lecture was given. This lasted

until 11.30. After that the girls dressed

for lunch. They still ate at the dining

hall, at least it appeared the same from

outside, but inside it was vastly differ¬

ent—There were numerous small tables

and two girls and two boys sat at each

one. Negro waiters in tuxedos, rushed

around and saw that everyone was serv¬

ed with exactly what • they wanted—

Yes they really could pick and choose—

by this time I was prepared for almost

anything, so did not register much

surprise at this.

After lunch, the girls waited outside

the building and the boys seemed to

disappear. Soon I saw a line-up of

bright colored roadsters appear and it

was not very long before the girls dis¬

appeared. Yes, they just went out for

a spin for an hour, before afternoon

duties began. On their return, they went

■to the Institute for a cooking lesson.

It was one of their first lessons, so they

were struggling with the lesson on boil¬

ing water—However, one group was

successful and did not let their water

burn at all. At -the end of the lesson,

they all put their dishes in the electric

washer and left. There was a maid in

attendance to put the dishes away and

to scrub ithe tables.

After lectures, most of the girls went

to the beauty parlor, which is where

Hoodlin’s library used to be. I don't

know just what happened in the room,

but the girls came out with their hair

done beautifully and their mak-up, put

on as tho’ it had been done by an artist.

After that they dressed for dinner, and

all the girls put on evening dresses. It

happened to be a Tuesday and I re¬

membered the half-hoi'r ball, but still

even so I could not get the drift of the

evening dress—However they all went

to dinner and the men appeared in full

dress. They were served a full coarse

dinner to the strains of an orchestra

which even rivalled our good old fresh¬

men orchestra.

After dinner the men came over to

the hall, as I thought for the half hour

ball, but they stayed till about eleven.

After that the girls went up and put

their wraps on. Meeting one in the hall,

I stopped and asked her if she were

actually going over to the cafe at this

hour—she looked rather surprisingly at

me and said, “oh no!”—we’er just going

to drop over to Hamilton for a bite to eat.”


We don’t believe we’ve ever felt sad¬

der about oiir lost youth than we did

the other day when we read about some

bright Kansas bo3^s who on Hallowe’en

left a densel}' populated beehive on a

prominent and dignified citizen’s front

porch for him to kick off when he

came home, and he kicked it all right,

and that’s one thing we never thought

of, and we suppose it’s too late now.

Surgeon (to attendant)—‘^Go and

get the name of the accident victim so

that we can inform his mother.”

Attendant (three minutes later) —

^Hle sa.ys his mother knows his name.”

What was the reason for vour being o

dscharged from ^mur last place?” ask¬

ed the employer of an applicant for a

job.

Farmer (to druggist)—“Now be

sure an’ write plain on them bottles

which is for the Jersey cow and which

is for 1113^ wife. I don’t want nothin’

to ’appen to that Jersey cow.”

“Good behavior, sir,” replied the ap-

])licant.

“Nonsense! You would never he

discharged for good behavior.”

“Yes, sir; the3- took two months off

sentence.’’

A farmer’s wife shipped a crate of

eggs to a wholesale house in a city,

but before doing so she wrote on one

of them: “I got two cents for this

egg. What did you pay for it” And

she added her name and address.

A 3’ear later she received an answer.

It was written on the highly embel¬

lished stationery of an actor.

dear madam,” he wrote, “while play¬

ing the part of Hamlet, in the far

West, recently, I received 3mur egg for

notliing. ”

Teacher (in English class)—“John-

113', take this sentence: “Lead the cow

from tlie pasture.” What mood?”

Johjin3"—“The cow, ma’am.”

“We’ve had the best time playing

postman,” exclaimed the small hopeful

of the famih^ “We gave a letter to

ever3’' ladv in the block.”

“But where did you get the letters,

dear?”

“Oh, we found ’em in vour trunk

ill the attic, all tied up Avith a blue rib¬ bon.”

Si Brown stood on the corner of the

main street in the busy city and gazed

with open-mouthed astonishment at the

stream of vehicles moving past. Fin¬

ally he turned to his companion and

said in an awed voice:

“ Jee-rusalem 1 Hiram, they shore

are behind with their haulin’, ain’t

they?”

It’s a strange fact, but history shows

that Diogenes didn’t even attempt to

look for an honest w^oman.

“Do 3'ou think 3mur public under¬

stands 3mur arguments?”

“Not fulh^ I hope,” answered Sen¬

ator Sorghum “I may want to contra¬

dict ’em ’most any day.” -


The following sign is displayed

above the ice cream counter of a pro¬

minent drug store : ' ‘ Take a brick

home; it’s fine when company comes.”

There is a story about a very ugly

man who called one afternoon on a

young widow. As he sat with the

widow over a cup of tea and a cigaiv

ette, her little daughter came in from

school.

The child stared at the man for a

moment in silence. Then she burst out

in wide-eyed indignation:

“Hiss for shame! I seen you at the

zoo yesterday without your clothes

“You seem fond of the druggist’s lit¬

tle boy.”

“Yes, he kin git all the pills he wants

fer our air guns.”

Voice Over Phone—“How much is

coal now?”

Dealer—“Eighteen-ninety a ton.”

Voice Over Phone—“Ha-ha! I gotta

oil burner.”

A sailor and his bride w>ere in front

of the parson for the wedding cere¬

mony.

On being asked the usual question,

“Wilt thou have this woman?” Jack

answered: “I’ll.”

“You must say H will,’ ” corrected

the parson, and repeated the question.

“I’ll,’ responded Jack more firmly

than ever.

The irate clergyman threatened to

stop the service if the response was

not given properly.

This was too much for the bride, who

broke in angrily:

“Look here, ye’ll ’ave Jack sayin’

^e won’t in a minute if ye keep on

badgerin’! ”

“Bredren,” said the colored preach¬

er,” “you have come to pray for rain.

Bredren, de foundation of religion am

faith. Whar is yo’ faith? You comes

to pray fob rain and not one of you

brings his umbrella.”

Bill -Sweeney says an Irishman saw

a steam shovel for the first time the

other day.

He looked at it in operation for a

while and then remarked:

“Begorrah, it sure can dig out a lot

of dirt, but it can’t vote.”

0—“I just thought of a good joke.”

K—“Aw, get your mind off your¬

self.”

Now I lay it down as settled.

An’ I’ll argy it all day.

That anyway you take it

Things mostly come our way.

An’ a man is most ongrateful.

An’ gittin’ purty bad.

If he don’t feel truly thankful

For the blessin’s he has had.

—Nebraska Parmer

How Would You Do It? A certain farmer who owned an ab¬

solutely square tract of land died and

left a will, as follows: That a square

of land in one corner of the farm,

amounting to one-fourth of the total

acreage, should go to his widow and

that the remainder should be divided

in plots, each of equal area and of the

same shape, amoung his four sons. How

was the division made?

Sweet Young Thing (hopefuly) —

“Do you think I can ever do anything

with my voice, professor?”

Professor—“Well, it mav come in

handy in case of fire.”

THE O. A. C. REVIEW V

Teacher—“ Willie, did your father

write this essay?”

“No, ma’am. He started it, but

mother had to do it all over again.”

Names given to the houses by house-

hunters who secure a place of their own

in the end : ‘ ‘ Dun Roaming, ” “ Hunt¬

ingdon,” “Atlasta House,” “Wurry-

over,” After Hall,” “Weirin,”

“Pax,’ “Arrone House.”

Lady of the House—“I suppose

you’ve been a hobo all your life.”

Ragged Rufus—“No, lady, youse

wrong me. I wuz in de pen for eight

years. ”

A lady walked into a department

store and said; “I want something in

oil for the dining room.”

Salesman—“What will it be? A

landscape or a can of sardines?”

Irate Master (to negro servant) —

“Rastus, I thought I told you to get

a domestic turkey. This one has shot

in it.”

Rastus—“I done got a domestic tur¬

key. ’ ’

Master—^“Well how did the shot get

in it.”

Rastus—“I ’specks they was meant

for me, sah.”

A student who had failed in all the.

subjects he took at school wired his

"brother: “Failed in all five subjects.

Prepare papa.” The brother tele¬

graphed baqk: “Papa prepared. Pre-

pare yourself.” . ■'

Ruth rode in my new cycle car

In the seat in back of me;

I took a bump at fifty-five,

And rode on ruthlessly.

A man went to stay in the country,

and his host, thinking he would like

a little sport, lent him a gun and sent

him out with some dogs. In half an

hour he returned.

“You’re soon back,” said the host.

“Y^es, I want some more dogs. I’ve

shot all those,” said the man.

A Scotchman invited to a goden wed¬

ding was told that each guest would be

expected to take a golden present.

Sandy took a goldfish.”

Eyes Front It was a dear old lady’s first ride in

a taxi, and she watched with growing

alarm the driver continually putting

his hand outside the car as a signal

to the following traffic.

“Young man,” she said at last, “you

look after that car of yours, and watch

where you are going. • I’ll tell you

when it starts raining.”

It Pays to Advertise

Dorothy had been praying each even¬

ing at bedtime for a babv sister. The <r7 »

other day her mother, while reeding

the paper exclaimed: “ I see Mrs. Smith

has a little daughter.”

“How do you know that, mamma?”

Dorothy inquired.

“It says so in the paper, dear.”

“Read it to me.”

Her m other ’ read : “Born on Jnly

2nd, to Mr. and Airs. - Smith, a

daughter.”

Dorothy thought a moment and

then said: “I know what I’m going to

do. I’m going to stop praying and

begin advertising. ”

SERVE THEM RIGHT

When people ask you to sing, don’t

be coaxed—go ahead and do it. It’ll

be their own fault.

THE O. A. C. REVIEW

A Strict, But Paying Program

Established

1842

Farm Tractors 3 sizes

Skid Engines

Steel Threshers 5 sizes

Combines Prairie Hillside

Silo Fillers 4 sizes

Baling Presses 2 sizes

Steam Engines

Road Machinery

Grand Detour Plows

Harrows Cultivators

STNCE every farmer’s earning capacity

is largely influenced by the efficiency

of his power and machinery, this factor

should determine his selection of machines

and his future treatment of them.

He should buy only machines known to

be most efficient for his conditions. He

should maintain each machine constantly

at full efficiency. He should discard

immediately any machine that fails to do

its full quota of work efficiently and well

and replace it with the best machine for

the purpose that the market affords,

regardless of price. The best machine is

always cheapest in the long run.

This program may appear too strict to

many farmers, but it is the only one that

assures the highest earning capacity and

profit for the farm. We are more than

willing to have Case tractors, threshers,

combines and other power farming ma¬

chinery judged by standards no less strict. N

J. I. Case Threshing Machine Company Incorporated Established X84g

Alberta—Calvary; Edmonton, Manitoba—Winnipeg, Brandon. Saskatchewan—Retina, Saskatoon. Ontario—Toronto.

NOTICE—Our plows and harrows are NOT the Case plows and harrows made by the J. I. Case Plow Works Co.

THE 0. A. C. REVIEW Vll

Skim-Milk vs. Beef-Scrap for Winter Egg Production

IT is generally acknowledged by porltry

keepers that laying hens require a

certain amount of their protein sup-

])lied from animal sources. Vegetable

protein cannot entirely replace animal

protein for egg production. The two

most common sources are beef-scrap and

skim-milk; the former being a by-pro¬

duct of the abattoir sold on the market

and the latter a by-product of whole

milk found on most dairy farms.

With the object of comparing the re¬

sults obtained in winter egg production

from the use of skim-milk and beef-

scrap as a source of animal protein, an

experiment has been conducted at the

Dominion Experimental Station, Kap-

uskasing, Ontario, for the last three

years. The average figures over a three-

vear period show that there is no sig¬

nificant difference in the number of

eggs laid, or in the cost per dozen be¬

tween the two pens. This fact would

seem to indicate that farmers who have

a srpply of skim-milk would not bene¬

fit by purchasing other animal feed for

their poultry, while other poultry-keep¬

ers who may not have a supply of skim-

milk may use the beef-scrap to good

advantage.

This test has covered a period of six

months each year from November 1,

to April 30. One hundred pullets were

used. These were divided equally as

to size and general development into

two pens of 50 birds each. The ration

given to each pen was the same with the

exception of the skim-milk and beef-

scrap. The scratch ration consisted of

two parts each of whole wheat and

cracked corn and one part each of whole

oats and barley. The dry mash con¬

sisted of equal parts of bran, middlings,

corn meal, ground oats and barley. The

beef-scrap was fed from a hopper and

the s|^im-milk from a drinking-vessel.

A supply of each was available to the

respective pens at all times. Mineral

matter and green feed were also sup¬

plied to each lot.

L. H. Hanlan,

Dominion Experimental Station,

Kapuskasing, Out.

Woman’s Work “And how is your husband keep¬

ing?”

“ ’E ain’t keepiii’; ’e’s on strike, and

Tin doin’ the keepin’.”

Insult to Injury “Tips, tips, nozziiig but tips!” cried

the Frenehnian, on his first visit to

New York. “Firs ze vater, zen ze

maid, zen ze portair!”

He was about fed up. In one place,

where he went to wish his hands, he

saw the sign:

“Please tip the basin.”

“T vill not do eet, ” he fumed, an¬

grily. “I vill go dirtee first, yes.”

Public Spirited Soul Lecturer (in loud voice) : “I venture

to assert there isn’t a man in this au¬

dience who has ever done anvthing to

prevent the destruction of our vast

forests. ’ ’

Man in Audience (timidly) : “I’ve

shot woodpeckers.” -

Certainly Not Abie Budne took his eight-year bid

nephew to a show the other day and

purchased only one ticket.

“You will have to have a ticket for

the boy,” said the doorkeeper.

“Meester,” answered Abie, “I giff

you my void as a gentleman, he vont

look!”

vin THE 0. A. C. KEHlUtV.

Preparing Cream for Churning Preparing cream for churning

consists in developing the proper

sourness and getting the temper¬

ature just right. No fresh cream should

be added for at least twelve hours before

churning. If the cream is sweet at

churning time 5 to 10 per cent of clean

flavoured sour skim-milk may be added

and the cream kept at churning temper¬

ature for 12 hours. When ready to

churn the cream should appear smooth

and glossy and pour like thick syrup.

It should smell and taste slightly sour.

The temperature of the cream at churn¬

ing time is very important. Too high

a temperature will result in a greasy

butter with too much buttermilk. Too

low a temperature is also undesirable.

The best rule is to h'ave such a temper¬

ature that the churning will be completed

in from 25 to 30 minutes.

It is very difficult to give definitely

exact temperature at which churning

should be done as this temperature var¬

ies considerably. According to a Domin¬

ion government bulletin on Buttermak¬

ing on the Farm, it depends on the rich¬

ness of the cream, the length of time the

cows have been milking, and the breed

and feed of the cow. When the cream

is very rich, is from the milk of fresh

cows, is from Holsteins or Ayrshires, or

is from the milk of cows receiving lin¬

seed meal, gluten feeds, soya bean meal

and succulent feed such as fresh past¬

ure and clover, a low churning temper¬

ature from 54 to 62 degrees F. is re¬

quired. A comparatively high temper¬

ature, from 64 to 75 degrees, is necessary

when the cream is very thin, when the

cows have been a long time in milk,

when the cream is from Jersey or Guern¬

sey cows, and when it is from the milk

of cows fed cotton-seed meal, potatoes,

cornmeal, corn silage, sweet corn fodder,

wheat bran, sugar beets, and dry feed

such as hay, straw and dry pasture. The

bulletin, which covers the entire process

of buttermaking may be obtained from

the Publications Branch, Department of

Agriculture, Ottawa.

Youthful Logic A doctor who was superintendent of

the iSniiday School in a small village

asked one of the boys this question:

“Willie, will you tell me what we

must do in order to get to heavenP’

Baid Willie, “We must die.”

“Very true,” replied the doctor,

“but tell line what we must do before

we die.”

“We must get sick,” said Willie,

“and send for vou.” t/

Good Night ! The President of a small bank had

received his appointment more oil ac¬

count of his wealth than his ability,

and when dictating, was not at all sure

of his ground. Turning to his steno¬

grapher one day, he said: “Let’s see,

do you retire a loan?” The dreamy

stenographer, with thoughts miles

away, answered, “No, sir, I sleep with

my mamma.”

Rehearsing The cub reporter saw a hearse start

away from a house at the head of a

funeral procession.

“Who’s dead?” he enquired of the

corner grocer, who was watching from his door.

“Chon Schmidt.”

“Jo-hn Smith,” explained the cub.

'‘You don’t mean to say John Smith is dead?”

“Veil, by golly,” said the grocer,

“vot you dink dey doing mit him-- bractising?”

THE 0. A. C. REVIEW IX

STUDENTS Please Note!

We now ha,Te only one drug store, our original main store, next Post Office.

Dispensing Prescriptions for 35 years.

There is no substituting at this store.

ALEX STEWART CHEMIST

Next Post Office

Chilean Nitrate of Soda

The Quiek-Aeting Nitrogenous Fertil¬ izer that has proved its Superiority for nearly a Century.

Many Farmers, Market Gardeners and Orchardists are p<roclaiming the Merits of Nitrate, this year.

An Agricultural Demonstrator states that in his territory the only Apple Orchards with a full crop are those in which Nitrate was used.

On several Illustration Stations the yield of Hay has heen more than doubled by an application of 125 lbs. of Nitrate of Soda per acre.

Send for Free copies of our Illustrated Bulletins

Chilean Nitrate Committee (Director: B. Leslie Emslie, Member

• of C.IS.T.A.)

Beford Building, Toronto 2.

®hr O^urlnh iUrrruru Gives All the News

Of College Activities

Social, Sporting, Academic

READ IT FOR THE STORE

ADVERTISEMENTS

OBTAINABLE AT HILL’S TUCK SHOP AND

ALL NEWS STANDS. OR DELIVERED FOR

15 CENTS PER WEEK.

Please mention the O. A. C. REVIEW when answering Advertisements

X THE 0. A. C. REVIEW

The New Studio [Next to Mason and Risch]

UPPER WYNDHAM ST.

NOW OPEN

Day or Evening Sittings

The O’Keeffes Photographers

Sawdust as a Bedding Material

AWDUST and fine shavings

make a clean and satisfactory

bedding material for all kinds of

animals.

When the supply of straw—the bed¬

ding material almost universally t'sed

on the farm—is short it may be supple¬

mented with sawdust, or the latter may

he used alone. Dry sawdust will ab¬

sorb from two to three times as much

liquid as ordinary straw, hence it must

be considered an excellent material to

soak up liquid excreta, the most valuable

part of the manure.

Manure from stables and cowbarns

in which sawdust has been used as a lit¬

ter has been found to be of good qual¬

ity and suitable for application to most

soils, more particularly for heavy loams.

The suspicion that this type of manure

is injurious to the land is apparently

without foundation since enquiries made

both in Canada and the United States

have failed to reveal any instances in

which such injury has resulted. How¬

ever, if an excessive amount of sawdust

has been employed the resulting manure

might be of poor quality and possibly

unsuitable for application to light sandy

loams, under dry seasonal conditions.

Horse manure from stables using saw¬

dust heat very rapidly when left in the

])ile and the excessive fermentation that

takes place will result in a loss of nitro¬

gen—a valuable plant food. It is there¬

fore advisable either to mix such man¬

ure with that from the cowbarn keep¬

ing the pile moist and compact, or to

spread and incorporate it at once in the soil.

Frank T. Shutt,

Dominion Chemist.

THE 0. A. C. REVIEW XI

Its

Ice Cream We have it

High Class Specialties for the

Party, Club and Home

Gordon St. Phone 799

YOUR EYES

and

YOUR STUDIES

You can accomplish more study in a shorter time if your eyes are free from strain. You can’t be sure they are right unless you have them ex¬ amined. Why not have it done to¬ day; there is no charsfe. Phone 1659J for your appointment.

Model Dairy 6eo. $. Pringle OPTOMETRIST OPTICIAN

139 Upper Wyndham St., Guelph, Ont.

ROYAL CITY DRUG STORE Your Nearest Drug Store

TRY US FIRST We specialize in all lines of Toilet

Articles

KODAKS

Bring in your films. 8 hour Service in Developing and Printing

Bninswick Records, Cigars, Cigar¬ ettes and Tobacco

An added feature to our business is the Soda Fountain

You Will Like Our Sodas

Moir’s and Neilson’s Chocolates

- The -

ROYAL CITY DRUG STORE Cor. Wyndham and Macdonnell

Phone 1800

WE’LL SEND IT

For the Future Bride

After she has made you happy with one little word, make her happy by choosing the cherish¬ ed token from our special dis¬ play, of Engagement Rings.

$25 to $500

Savage & Co. Leading Jewelers

GUELPH

Please mention the O. A. C. REVIEW when aosweriD^ AdTcrtisements

Xll THE O. A. C. REVIEW

Castle Theatre Notable Screen Presentations

3 SHOWS DAILY 3 2.30, 7.00 and 9.00 o’clock

Entire Change of Pictures

Monday, Wednesday and Friday

EACH WEEK

December 21st-22nd—“Body and

Soul,” with Pringle and Kerry.

\

December ,23rd-24th—“Nomads of the

North,” with Lon Chaney.

December 26th-27th—“The Gorilla,” All Star Cast. . ,

December 28th-29th—“13th Hour,” All Star Cast,

December 30th-31st—“Silver Valley,” Tom Mix.

^ Mrs. Cat—“I’m dying to know what Mrs. De Puyster did before she married a millionaire. She is yery secretive about her past.”

. I • , i

Kitty-^“Oh, ,I know; she told me the other day.” ) Mrs. Cat—“Told you!”

■ Kitty—“Yes, I asked her where $he lived and she said: ‘One ni-yun jthr-ree Harrison Drive.’ ”

“Maud says her husband disgraced her on their honeymoon.”

“How?” “On the steamer she wanted the

other passengers to think the ocean trip was an old story to them, but almost as socn as they went on board he pointed to a row of life¬ buoys, and asked the captain what was the idea of all the extra tires.”

Please mention the O. A C REVIEW when answering Advertisements,

THB 0. A. C. REVIEW xiii

You can always Depend on getting

the Very Best in

FURNITURE

at the

LOWEST PRICES

at

SMITH’S FURNITURE STORE

John Armstrong Limited

dry^'goods

The Store Handy to the Street Car

Murphy & Jones Betty Brown Candies Fresh

Daily All the Popular Magazines

and Papers

Next to Bond’s Phone 2019

Domi nion Cafe 98 Wyndham Street

A

THE MOST UP-TO-DATE CAFE

AND BANQUET HALL IN THE

CITY.

CENTRAL ONTARIO

Sporting Goods WHOLESALE AND RETAIL

SHARPENING Oil Stone Finish Riveting Repairing

HOCKEY Skates Hoots Sticks St raps Felts Laces

HOCKEY SWEATERS

T. F. McKKIVlVA 158 Wyndham St. Phone 2108F

Next to Castle Theatre

LET US SHOW YOU OUR

Eversharp Pencils and Waterman Pens

We have a nice selection of these from 75 cents to $10.00.

SMITH & MAHONEY Watches, Clocks, Jewelry, China,

Silverware and Glass

75 Quebec St. Phone 1754J

r

Jackson Bros.i Lower AV^yiidham St., - Guelph, Ont.

Our Prices the Cowest For the Quality We Give

OUR GROCERIES AND FRUIT AL¬ WAYS THE BEST

THE LONG STORE .WITH THE SHORT PRICES

Hguiitiam Unu The Most Popular Rendezvous in

Town

AFTERNOON TEA , SUPPER Special attention given to College

Teas, Dinners, Dances

Dancing every Wednesday even¬ ing to the Georgian Orchestra

9-10-12

Please menlion the O. A. 0. REVIEW when answering Advertisements

XIV THE 0. A. C. REVIEW

M en! YOU SHOULD SEE

'"The Snappy "

O’COATS

Powell's

ARE SHOWING

at

- $25 -

- $30 -

- and $35 -

THEY’RE GREAT

Powell’s 20 Lower Wyndham Street

Get Your SHOES AND SPORTING GOODS

Repaired at

GEO. STOVEL^S 52 cork st. e. (Next door to Mr. Baulk’s Tobacco Store)

If We Please You, Tell Others. v.

COMPOSITION IN PHOTOGRAPHY

(Continued from page 108)

It may be said that the basis of all

pictorial endeavor lies in a keen percep¬

tion and pleasure in observing nature

in her many aspects.

As ;Schiler puts it—“Go search for

nature, and arrive at Art.”

While summer is looked upon as the

ideal time for photography, we should

impress upon ourselves and others that

the whole year should be, and is, “pho¬

tography time.” Each season, with its

own charms, beckons to those who

would understand its mood.

I remember seeing, some time ago,

a few lines that are well known to

manv of von:—

“To everyone there opened

A high way and a low.

The high soul seeks the high way.

The low soul gropes the low,

While in between on the misty flats,

The rest drift to and fro.”

It may be that through a proper ap¬

preciation of composition in photo¬

graphy we shall arrive at that perfec¬

tion which shall raise us above the

“misty flats” of mediocrity to the

“high way” of artistic attainment.

The first sandwich was said to have been made in the seventeenth century. Replicas of the original are exhibited in glass cases at all railway stations.

Please mention the 0. A. C. REVIEW when answering Advertisements

THE O. A. C. REVIEW xvu

HALES’ MEAT MARKET

You Can^t Beat Our Quality

Phones 238-239

We Deliver

The Peacock ■ Candy Shop ' .

for

HOT iDRINKS, CANDIES AND BEVERAGES

Meals Good Eats

107 Wyndham Street Phone 888 Guelph

College Cafeteria OPEN EVERY NIGHT FROM

8 TILL 11

Lunches, Afternoon Teas and Parties by Arrangement only.

TELEPHONE 1913

‘INViCTUS’ and ‘WELLINGTON BRAND

The Best in Men^s Shoes

$4.00 $5.00 $6.00 & $7.00

J. D. McArthur THE BIG SHOE STORE

Programmes Letterheads and Envelopes, Cards,

Invitations, Menus, etc., artisti¬ cally designed and neatly

printed

Kelso Printing Co. Fine Job Printers

TOVELL’S BLOCK GUELPH

Che of Baby Beef

Dad rnnton's meat market

£a$h and Delivery

Phone 631-632 Carden Street

COLE BROS. & SCOTT 29 and 31 Wyndham St.

Headquarters for Men’s High Class Ready-to-Wear Clothing and

Furnishings.

Ordered Clothing a Specialty •also General Dry Goods

High Grade Printing

For Society and Social Functions P,

Artistic and Unique Designs _ _ »

Commercial and Book Printers

GIVE US A CALL

The Wallace Printing Co. Ltd. GUELPH 45-47 Cork Street

Phone 458

Please mention the O. A. O. REVIEW ’when answering Advertisements

XVlll THE O. A. C. REVIEW

(Shjuckks Qaitdies

Produced to an Ideal — THE HIGHEST

60c a pound

Right at Post Office

AH Smiles’ll Chuckles Bars ABE QUALITY BARS

GUELPH and ONTARIO INVESTMENT and SAVINGS

SOCIETY Incorporated A. D. 1876

We invite you to open an account in our Savings Department.

We pay THREE AND ONE- HALF PER CENT, per annum on deposits and our customers have the privilege of making cheque with¬ drawals.

Georoe D. Forbes J. M. Purcell President Managing Director

Office: Corner Wyndham and Cork Streets.

Safety Deposit Boxes to Rent at Moderate Rates.

His Two Great Moments

Not since the day of his wedding has James Stanziola been so sup¬ remely happy as on Saturday when his valuable cow, mourned as stolen, bellowed at the back gate.

Daily Holdups Might Help

Mrs. Farmer (who takes summer boarders)—“We have a speak-easy in the woodshed, and a night club in the barn, and the hired girl takes a bath in the dining room twice a week. We want New York guests to feel at home.”

So Inconsiderate

Voice over wire—“Madame, your husband has been run over by a truck.”

“Good Heavens! On the afternoon of my bridge party.”

Please mention the O. A. G. REVIEW when answering Advertisements

THE 0. A. C. REVIEW XIX

PHONE 1400 PHONE 1400

SHIER’S TAXI THREE NEW CARS

CHRYSLER 70 HUP—STRAIGHT EIGHT

OAKLAND 80

The Royal city press

Printers

53 MACDONALD STREET PHONE 1414

SKATE NOTICE See US for your Hockey Skates and

Shoes. Skate Grinding and Repairs Hockey Sticks, Gramaphones Repairing. C. C. M. Bicycles and Accessories.

BROWN'S BICYCLE STORE 49 CORK STREET

FOR XMAS GIFTS

We suggest Magnifiers, Field Glasses, Diminishing Glasses, and

Barometers

TAIT OPTICAL CO. 110 Wyndham St. - GUELPH

Next to Loblaw’s. Phone 210J

EARL FRID Right opposite the Post Office, near

Royal Bank

FRUITS, FLOWERS AND FUNERAL DESIGNS

Phone 1121 We Deliver Everywhere

GEO. HIPWELL WATCHMAKER

Right Behind the Postoffice

The man who really does understand watch repairing.

Dr. MJ. RUDELL DENTIST

X-RAY NITROUS OXIDE GAS Over Guelph Trust Co.

Corner Wyndham and Cork Sts. Phone 16

i THURSTONS AVe handle Slater and Church Shoes

Try Us for Your Next Pair

101 UPPER WYNDHAM ST.

STATIONARY GIFT BOOKS

LATEST BOOKS CHINA FOUNTAIN PENS

(S. Attitpraon and €o. St- George’s Sq.

w. R McCartney Manufacturers of

HIGH GRADE SWEATER COATS

Made in any weight up to 4 pounds each. No cut seams. The shape is knit into the garments. Known as full fashioned. Opera Block.

CARDEN STREET On the way home. Boots and Shoes of all kinds for sale and repaired. Reasonable prices.

ENCHIN THE SHOE MAN

STUDENTS’ BARBER SHDP In Basement of Dining Hall

TOBACCO AND CIGARETTES Save Time and Money

CITY BATTERY SERVICE THE HOME OF ALL MAKES

OF BATTERIES

Official Delco, Lemy and Bosch Service

Phone 1641 F 169 Woolwich St. HOWARD E. BOLTON Propriktor

“Say It With Flowers”

ARTISTIC FLORAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR EVERY NEED

®tlrl|nnCs IPInuiFr #l|[0|jpe Member of

Florists’ Telegraph Association Phone 436_St. George’s Square

Anything in

SHEET METAL WORK roofing

HEATING AND VENTILATING

H. OCCOMORE 80 Norfolk St. Guelph

Wong’s O.K. Laundry RIGHT OPPOSITE FIRE HALL Our work and prices are right,

Give us a trial.


XX THE O. A. C. REVIEW

THE HISTORY AND FUTURE OF SILVER FOX INDUSTRY


ver fox fur has been used entirely as

an individual neck piece. As the supply

becomes meater the fur trade will un-

doubtedly find a more extensive use for

it. This has already taken place with

certain low-grade silver fox pelts, which

have been used extensively for trim¬

mings, and accordingly during the last

year or so these pelts have increased

fourfold in price. It must be remem¬

bered that among the higher grades of

fir the silver fox pelt is a relatively

large and economic pelt.

(5) The number of good silver fox

pelts coming upon the market at the

present time has been extremely small;

altogether too few really to interest the

fur trade. It is a well-recognized fact

that the supply of really high-class and

select silver fox pelts has not been suf¬

ficient to meet the actual demand that

exists in a single leading city, such as

London, Paris and N,ew York, without

taking into consideration the demand

which exists in other large centres

throughout the world.

It may be argued that the silver fox

fur is solely a luxury, but it must be

remembered that a very large percentage

of the world’s commerce is confined to

luxury demanded by the female popu¬

lation. The careful study of the whole

aspect of the silver fox industry would

indicate that when a larger number of

high-class select silvci- fox pelts are be¬

ing properly placed upon the market,

the industry would he on a much bet¬

ter basis and higher prices would be ex-

j)ected both for select pelts and breed¬

ing stock. '

The silver fox industry has reached

the stage at which it is obvious that it

is only possible to make a success by

ranching foxes of high-class and desir¬

able qualities. Ranching low-grade sil¬

ver foxes is not a paying proposition,

and financial success can only be expect¬

ed with first-class foundation stock. On

the other hand, ranching silver foxes

undoubtedly give better returns than any

other branch of live stock, if there has

been wise and careful selection of the

breeding stock and the foxes are ranch¬

ed under proper conditions.

With confidence and belief in the fin¬

ancial and economic possibilities of sil¬

ver fox ranching, the Canadian National

Silver Fox Breeders’ Association have

at a great expense established a modern

ranch in the centre of the silver fox in¬

dustry—at Summerside, Prince Edward

Island,—foj* studying the various prob¬

lems connected with the silver fox in¬

dustry. This experimental ranch has

accommodation for seventy pens, with

adequate space for further expansion.

The breeding pens have been equipped

with all modern and up-to-date improve¬

ments ; and the ranch has been stocked

with high-class, registered pedigree sil¬

ver foxes, which have been supplied by

the fox breeders in the vicinity of Sum¬

merside. Realising the importance of

developing the silver fox industry and

eliminating unnecessary wastage and

losses, the Dominion Department of Ag¬

riculture have made it a part of their

policy to nurse this industry, and they

have undertaken to operate this ranch,

which has been incorporated as part of

the Experimental Farm System of the

Department of Agriculture. A large lab¬

oratory building has been constructed on

the ranch property which will be equip¬

ped in order to control.the operations of

the ranch, and enable the investigation o

of all the biochemical, physiological and^

anatomical phrases regarding the life'

history of the silver fox. There have

(Continued on page xxii)

THE O. A. C. REVIEW XXI

“The moving finger writes

and having writ....’’ Just over the horizon another year beckons. Does it hold uncertainty for

you? Or have you definitely plotted your course after graduation.

As the largest greenhouse concern in the world—one that has seen and shared in the success of many a college man who elected to grow green-stuff' under glass—we would like to turn your attention to the great possibilities of such a life work.

Any questions you like to ask will be promptly and completely answered. We are entirely at your service.

lUnited

Builders of Greenhouses and Makers of Boilers

Main Sales Office: Harbour Commission Building, Toronto.

920 Castle Building, Montreal, Que. Head Office and Factory: St. Catharines, Ont.

Pianos, Player Pianos, Violins, Guitars, Banjos,

Ukuleles, Sheet Music, Etc.

Orthophonic Victrolas

The Greatest Singers, the Greatest Bands, the Greatest Orchestras. Their music reproduced as was never dreamed possible before the Orthophonic. This most

wonderful of all phonographs brings out instruments that hitherto were never

heard with a purity of sound that cannot be duplicated by any other talking

machine.

vici£^

105 Wyndham St. GUELPH

‘‘^^itst^bove the Post Office”

Please mention the O. A. O REVIEW when answering: Advertisements

XXll THE O. A. C. REVIEW

FASHION-CBAFT CUSTOM¬ IZED CLOTHES

Want a

BLUE SUIT? that will give you service

—that won’t lose its color or its shape or its appearance

A suit with style (Art Silk Lined)

—and comfort and utility —and hardwearhility

AND a value such as you never thought possible in a blue suit before?

OK.O Blue Serge {Our Knockout) *■

Tailored by FASHION CBAFT

$34.50 Pure botany cloth and guaran¬

teed under all climatic conditions.

ROLLIE HEWER (City Hall Square)

THE HISTOKY AND FUTURE OF SILVER FOX INDUSTRY

(Continued from page xx)

been some wonderful achievements made

in the development of other branches

of live stock under domestication—the

milking qualities of dairy cattle, the

laying qualities and plumage of poultry,

the speed of trotting horses, the develop¬

ment of draft horses, etc., etc.,—and it

is hoped and believed that what has been

achieved with these different branches

of live stock can be attained by sound

practical methods and good judgment

with the development of the silver fox;

and eventually in captivity will be ev¬

olved a species of animal with inherent

fir and other qualities vastly superior

to its wild-caught ancestors.

BREEDING! HUNTERS


ditary unsoundness/’ to register them

and to issue certificates to the get of

such registered sires and dams. Later

tlie^^ will advocate subsidizing the

breeding of registered stock by paying

the keeper of the sire a bonus for every

i*egistered mare served, on condition

that the owner of the mare be charged

a smaller fee for the service. The

Society further hopes to encourage the

showing of young hunter stock at local

fairs, so that buyers and breeders may

more readily get together and the

better colts be sold at better prices.

They also hope to encourage the'giving

of prizes to the dams of the winners,

in order to call attention to the suc¬

cessful dams and remunerate the breed¬

ers.—By the courtesy of the Canadian

Hunter, Saddle and Light Horse Im¬

provement Society.


THB O. A. C. REVIEW xxiii

, THE EASIEST WAY

MOTOR-DRIVEN BALL BEARING McCormick-Deering Cream Separator

Connect the motor-driven McCorinick-Deering ball¬ bearing cream separator to a light socket—push the but¬ ton and immediately the smooth running, completely enclosed motor brings the bowl up to speed. It is true that all McCormick-Deering cream separators are easy to turn due to the ball bearings, but where electricity is available a motor driven machine is the EASIEST AND QUICKEST WAY.

Before investing in a cream separator, allow^ the local McCormick-Deering agent to assist you in your selection by demonstrating either the hand operiated, motor driven or power drive McCormick-Deering cream separator on your farm. He will be glad to show it, and you will be under no obligations.

International Harvester Company HAMILTON of Canada, Ltd. CANADA

Please mention the O. A, C. REVIEW when answering Advertisements

XXIV THE O. A. C. REVIEW

AGNEW’S Smart Footwear

for

Holiday Occasions For the informal, seini-for-

mal or formal affair we have the effective shoe—the shoe that goes with the costume for each occasion.

■ill, ■''ii'

Our ladies' stock includes patent leather, soft kid, Skin- ner^s satin, silver fabric, silver kid and black velvet, made up in an imposing array of pumps and straps.

Our gents’ stock includes a snappy patent dress oxford, ‘‘court dress,” and many styles, in black calf and vici kid ox¬ fords, which can be used on any occasion.

ivishijng: one and all a

BRIGHT, HAPPY AND PROS¬

PEROUS NEW YEAR.

Agnew’s BOOT SHOP

Canada’s Largest Shoenien

21 Stores Phone 1787

N. E. C. U. S. NOTES


will have its final report on this

matter before the coming Confer¬

ence.

Membership

(5) Full membership in the

Federation at date of writing in¬

cludes the following: Universities of

British Columbia

Alberta Saskatchewan

Manitoba

Ontario Agricultural College

Western Ontario

Queen’s

McMaster

Toronto

McGill

Macdonald College

Bishop’s College

Acadia

New Brunswick

The following universities have

the nicatter under consideration:

Dalhousie

Montreal

Laval

St. Framcis Xavier College

Mount Allison

First Litigant—“I’ll follow you to

the District Court.” Second Litigant—“Oh, I’ll be

there.”

First Litigant—“I’ll follow you to

the Supreme Court.”

Second Litigant—“Oh, I’ll be there

too.”

■ First Litigamt—“I’ll follow you to

hell if I have to.”

Second Litigant—“Well, in that

case, my lawyer will be there.”


THE O. A. C. REVIEW XXV

Phone 808 Phone 400

W. V. Bagg TAILOR

CLEANER & PRESSER

Suits and O’Coats MADE TO YOUR MEASURE

TUXEDOS $27.00 #

49 Quebec St. S4 Cork St,

THE TRUTH ABOUT YOUR EYES! WHEN you come here for glasses

you get the plain, undecorated truth about your eyes. Truth ex¬ pressed in language free from foggy technicalities.

If the examination reveals that glasses are unnecessary, as optomet¬ rists we will rejoice with you in your good forti ne. If the need of glasses is evident you can rest assured' they will fit correctly and comfortably.

And remember :Savage Optical iSer- vice is economical because it pays to make it pay you to come here!

Ask about Soft-Lite Lenses for Im¬ proved Vision and Constant Protect¬ ion.

f

KENNEDY’S Where for over twenty years discrim¬ inating students have been photo¬

graphed.

Portraits easily solve the

Gift problem, and someone some¬ where wants your photograph.

PRICES REDUCED TO

STUDENTS

PHONE 498

FOR AN APPOINTMENT.

R. M. KENNEDY PORTRAIT PHOTOGRAPHER

^

Please mention the O. A. O. BEVIEW when auswering Advertisements

XXVI THE O. A. C. REVIEW

Your Musical Wants are

Satisfied at

All the new Records and

Popular Songs

Musical Instruments of Every

Kind

ALUMNI


delivered an interesting address on

the Mineral Wealth of Ontario; no

stocks, however, were sold. It has

also been since reported that no in¬

surance sales were made either. This

may indicate the preparation of car¬

goes for ‘'the good ship Matrimony.”

While at this point it may be well

to mention that Rev. W. A. Young,

next year, will be offering special rates

to members of ’26.

Omar Lemieux appears to be pre¬

paring himself for the presidency of

our Agricultural College, and is mak¬

ing marked progress wearing his

“bowler.”

W. C. Fisher is back from a hur¬

ried trip to “Nan Yowff,” sound in

mind, but suffering from sunburnt

tonsils and a stiff neck, from star gaz¬

ing, we are told.

When the roll was called, those an¬

swering yea, were:

“Walt” Reynolds.

0. McConkey.

‘ ‘ Frenchman ’ ’ Lemieux,

“Nellie” Kemp.

“Big Ben” Stewart.

Captain Kendall.

“Al” Cox.

Fred Richardson. -

Archie McGugan.

“Bill” Hamilton.

“Herb” Hannam.

Louis Schenck.

‘ ‘ Watty ’ ’ Watt.

“Frankie” Baird.

Bruce Medd.

“Walt” Fisher.


,THB 0. A. C. REVIEW xxvii

' —- —.....~ ' " •"'*

Ask Any Undergrad These keen young fellows are wise to most anything—philosophy and prize fights—books and bargains. One important thing they know is ^^Ifs the cut of your clothes that counts And undergrads everywhere will tell you that you may count on—

SOCIETY BRAND For Correct Cut

The new Fall Suits are in exclusive Society Brand fabrics— Scotch Downs, Dublin Twists, Bristol Stripes, and Majestic Serge.

$27.50 up

Society Brand Overcoats $24.50 Up

Sold Exclusively in Guelph by

D. E. Macdonald and Bros. Limited Main Store, Lower Wyndham Street—^Men’s Branch Store, Upper

Wyndham Street, Guelph

riease mention the O. A. O. REVIEW when answering Advertisementa

XXVlll run o. a. c. review

TREE PLANTING AS A SNOW SHELTER

(Continued from page 105) "

the proper close growth of the trees, up

to the height required, it is necessary

that growth be yetarcled before trees

reach a height oj iwo feet below the

final height desiredC'^or^'example, if a

fence with a final height of eight feet

the growth has reached a gihe ifhsot

is required, pruning is started when the

growth has reached a height of six feet. o

When this point'has been reached, the

p'rowth of that year on the main stein o •

only, which is easily apparent on account

of its lighter colour, is pruned off. This

will have the effect of increasing the

o-rowth of the top branches, which will

spread out and grow up to form new

topSrto the trees. When these branches

hav.e. reached the final height required

for the hedge they are kept pruned off

annually as noted above for the main

stem. Pruning has the effect of ac¬

celerating the growth of the lower

branches. The practice outlined if pro¬

perly followed forces the development

of the trees into a hedge resulting event¬

ually in>a compact and solid snow-break.

• Planting on Drifting Sands

Previous to 1916 considerable trou¬

ble was experienced on some sections

of track between Montreal and Quebec

with sand drifting. In addition to the

frequent track blearing required, hot

boxes were also a common occurence.

Protection in the form of permanent

wooden fences was found to be alto¬

gether inadequate, and in an endeavour

to eliminate the trouble, tree planting

was resorted to. Carolina Poplar cut¬

tings and two-year-old Jack Pine seed¬

lines were used, the former as a back-

efolind to act as a wind-break and the

latter to act in 'the' 'double capacity of

both wind and sand-break. The results

in growth from the former were 80 per

cent while the latter showed 100 per

cent results. To-day wooden fences are

done away with and for the past few

years the trees have been serving the

purpose for which they were planted.

Carolina Poplar is now from 35 to 40

ft. high while Jack Pine has attained a

height of from 15 to 20 ft.

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT


ten what they have, had they been born

in a modern town, for life unfolds itself

more fully in a village than it does in a

city, and a man who grows up in the

country absorbs, almost without knowing

what he is doing, a consciousness of Man

what he is doing, a consciousness of Man

a city where he may not know even the

name of his neighbour.”

O. J. Stevenson.

‘Tf you’ve spotted the fellow who

stole your car, why don’t you get it back?”

‘T’m waiting for him to put on

a new set of tires.”

A spinster encountered some boys

in the old swimming hole, minus

everything but nature’s garb, and

was horrified.

“Isn’t it against the law to bathe

without suits on, little boys?”

“Yes’m,” announced the freckled

Johnny, “but Jimmy’s father is a

policeman, so you can come in.”

“My poor man,” said the prison

visitor, “do let me send you some

cake. What kind do you prefer?”

“Any kind, ma’am,” said the con¬

vict, “so long as it’s got a file in

THE O. A. C. REVIEW XXIX

WALLIS TRACTOR NOW SOLD BY

MASSEY-HARRIS

The “Wallis” Tractor made by the J. I. Case Plow Works is now sold by Massey-Harris. The “Wallis” offers to farmers a comparatively light weight tractor 15-27 h.p. and one which has established a reputation for giving more power for more years and at less expense than any other tractor approaching it in weight and rating. The “Wallis” has a patented “U” frame which gives protection against the dust cloud which usually accompanies tractor operations, and is a source of repair expense in tractors with exposed working parts. Two excellent farming speeds are available with the “Wallis” low gear 2^/4 m.p.h., high gear 3 l-3m.p.h.

Ask the Masscy-Harrils Local Agent for full particulars.

MASSEY-HARRIS Co., Ltd. ESTABLISHER 1847—80 YEARS

J'oroiito, Montreal, Moncton, Winnipeg’, Brandon, Kegiiia, Saskatoon, Swift Current, Yorkton, Calgary, Edmonton.

AGENCIES EVERYWHEEE


XXX THE O. A. C. REVIEW

“WYANDOTTE” CLEANS CLEAN When dairy equipment and utensils are washed with Wyandotte Sanitary

Cleaner and Cleanser they are left truly clean.

“Wyandotte” removes all foreign and unclean matter, including casein and fatty substances, leaving nothing on washed surfaces which will in any way injure or affect dairy products.

Because “Wyandotte” does clean clean, and be¬

cause it safeguards the quality and value of dairy pro¬

ducts it is recommended by dairymen in the United

States, Canada, and leading foreign producing coun¬

tries including Denmark and New Zealand.

THE J. B. FORD COMPANY'

Offices in Principal Cities

SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF

Hotel Clerk—“Just in from Chi¬

cago, I see, Mr. Smith.”

Mr. Smith—“No; that’s a moth

hole in my lapel.”

Old Lady (stopping “double-deck”

bus in the pouring rain)—“Any sit¬

ting room?”

Cheerful Conductor—“No, ma’am,

but there’s a bath upstairs.”

A bright boy was sent to the well

with a three-gallon and a five-gal¬

lon measure, with instructions to

bring back exactly seven gallons of

water in the two measures.' How

did he do it?

The difference between a cow

chewing her cud and a flapper chew¬

ing her gum is that a cow always

looks as if she were thinking.

Irate Emperor—“Surely, Miss

Jenks, you know the King’s Eng¬

lish!”

Surprised Typist—“Of course he is —isn’t he, sir?”

Farmer—“Samanthy, do you want

me to bring you anything from the

city today?”

His Wife—“Yes, Si; you might

bring me a few jars of that traffic

jam I see advertized in the papers.”

Attracted by the sign “Nothing in

this store over 10 cents,” a Scot

entered a Woolworth store and ask¬

ed the floorwalker: “Whair, my guid

mon, is your overcoat department?”

I met my wife when I was four

years old—land up to that time I

was very happy!


THE 0. A. C. REVIEW XXXI

The LEADER

for SIXTY TEARS Barn Equipment of every kind to meet every condition. Barn Planning Ex¬ perts to advise on Layouts, Construc- tion, Ventilation, Lighting, Drainage, etc.

ADVICE FREE

LOUDEN MACHINERY CO. OF CANADA Ltd., GUELPH - - ONTARIO

Gifts from di .!A(ations

jor

Discriminating "Buyers

DIAMOrTD MERCHANTS AND

SILVERSMITHS ^ude~mrks I-, J 1 IVA. I't' E D

YONGE AND TEMPERANCE

TORONTO

Please mention the O. A C. REVIEW when answerinff Advertisements

XXXll TUB O. A. C. RBVIBW

The Dominion

Bank Established 1871

Complete Bankinp Facilities Manufacturers and business houses

carrying their accounts with the Dominion Bank are assured of effi¬ cient service.

WE INVITE ACCOUNTS OF THE STAFF AND STUDENTS

Savings Department Interest allowed on deposits and

paid or added to accounts twice a year.

GUELPH BRANCH

A. E. GIBSON, MANAGER

Ryan Block Phone 2495

GUELPH, ONTARIO

Ida Robinson

Mair Dressing — fill Branches

Marcelling, Water Waring and

Permanent Waring,

Scalp and Facial Treatments

Latest Style in Ladies’ and

Children’s Hair Cutting

and Curling.

There was an earnest conversation in

X)rogress in the village inn. Bob Bocl-

ger, the village grumbler, was com-

[)laining of the meanness of the farmer

by whom he was employed.

'‘Jarge, ” he said, as mean as

ditch water.”

‘'That’s terrible,” muttered George

slowly and thoughtfully.

‘ ‘ Yes, ’ ’ continued Bob. ‘ ‘ This moriu

irig he asked me how many more eggs

I was goin’ to eat, and I told him as

’ow I never counted ’em. ‘Well,’ he

says, ‘that last one was the seventh.’

And it made me so mad that I jest got

up and walked off to work without my

breakfast. ”

Be Consistent

“I’m worried to death, old man.

I’m losing my memory.”

“Oh, forget it!”

A Southern Delicacy

A Gentleman—“How did you en¬

joy the Mardi Gras in New Orleans?”

Another College Man—“The best

I ever ate.”

“I call my girl grapefruit.”

“Why?”

“Because every time I squeeze her

she hits me in the eye.”

There is no use to try to joke

with a woman. The other day Jones

heard a pretty good conundrum and

decided to try it on his wife.

“Do you know why I am like a

mule?” he asked her when he went

home.

“No,” she replied promptly. “I

know you are, but I don’t know

why.”

Please mention the O. A. O. REVIEW when answering Advertisements

O. A. C. Review Volume 40 Issue 4, December 1927

Documents

Transcript of O. A. C. Review Volume 40 Issue 4, December 1927