NOSE: Nomenclature for sources of emissions : Manual

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eurostat NOSE

Nomenclature for sources of emissions Manual

eurostat

STATISTISCHES AMT DER EUROPÄISCHEN GEMEINSCHAFTEN STATISTICAL OFFICE OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES OFFICE STATISTIQUE DES COMMUNAUTÉS EUROPÉENNES

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NOSE

Nomenclature for sources of emissions Manual

Version 1.0 Luxembourg 25 May 1998

Theme Environment

Series Studies and research

8

STATISTICAL DOCUMENT

A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa.eu.int).

Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication

Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1998

ISBN 92-828-4333-5

©European Communities, 1998

Printed in Luxembourg

PRINTED ON WHITE CHLORINE-FREE PAPER

FOREWORD

This is the first published version of the NOSE Manual, which is being made available by Eurostat for use in the testing and further development of NOSE.

NOSE, the proposed standard nomenclature for sources of emissions, combines the standard European nomenclature for economic activities (NACE) with a nomenclature of emission-generating processes, the NOSE Process List, which is a development of the SNAP nomenclature used in the CORINAIR project.

NOSE provides a complete framework for recording, disseminating and analyzing information on emissions from all kinds of sources. The NOSE Manual describes the principles of NOSE, together with the NOSE Process List, as well as providing guidelines for the use of NOSE.

It should be made clear that NOSE has been developed as a common tool for a range of projects and activities concerned with emission data. It does not define a set of data which have to be collected; rather, it provides a framework which can be used to organize any emission data. As with other standard statistical classifications, the use of NOSE can help to ensure that data from different sources are consistent, thereby helping to achieve the goals of cost-effectiveness and harmonization in the collection of statistics.

NOSE is being developed by Eurostat, in collaboration with the European Environment Agency and DG XI, and supported by the NOSE Task Force. The following people and organizations participated in the NOSE Task Force during 1996-1997:

Bulgaria

Finland

France

Germany

Italy

Norway

Sweden

United Kingdom

EU

Stefan Tzonev

Kari Grönfors Jukka Muukkonen

Nadine Allemand

Joachim Thomas

Angelica Tudini

Kristin Rypdal

Jan Grünberger Inger Öhman Eiwor Höglund Dávila Sara Ribacke

Bernt Rondell Margaretha Stackerud

Jeff Barron

John Allen Danny Delcambre Maila Puolamaa

Leopoldo Rubinacci

André Jol

National Statistical Institute

Statistics Finland

C I T E P A

Statistisches Bundesamt

ISTAT

Statistics Norway

Statistics Sweden

Swedish Environmental Protection Agency

Office for National Statistics

Eurostat, European Commission

DG XI, European Commission

European Environment Agency

Eurostat acknowledges the large contributions made by participants in the Task Force, on which this Manual is based, it should be noted, however, that participation in the Task Force does not imply official endorsement of NOSE by the participating organizations.

Special thanks are also due to Statistics Sweden, which acted as host for the meetings of the Task Force.

Further information on NOSE can be obtained from Eurostat:

Maila Puolamaa telephone: fax: Internet: X400: post:

Environment Statistics Unit (+352) 4301 35364 or 37286 (+352)4301 37316 [email protected] c=be; a=rtt; p=cec; o=eurostat; s=puolamaa; g=maila Eurostat, L-2920 Luxembourg

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Version history:

1.0 first published version, completed May 1998

a few new headings added to NOSE Process List

moved NOSE Process List to Annex 2

corrected minor errors

added foreword

added new examples in Table 2.1 and moved this table to Chapter 3

added new Annex 3 with correspondence table SNAP94-NOSE-P

added new section on territorial definition in Chapter 5

added new Figure 6.1

0.3 version prepared for Environment Statistics Working Group, October 1997

changed main NOSE-P groups to 3 digits to allow future addition of new groups

created reserved codes for possible future split of NOSE-P 101

corrected various errors

0.2 version discussed at 2 n d NOSE Task Force meeting, June 1997

NOSE Manual -4-

Contents 1 Introduction 7

Objectives and background 7 Definitions 8 Functions of emission inventories 8 Kinds of nomenclatures needed 8 Principles for nomenclatures 9 Source nomenclature 9 Process nomenclature 10 Nomenclature for geocoding of sources 10 Pollutant nomenclature 10 Other nomenclatures 10 Fuel 10 Determination method 10 Destination of emissions 11 Developing the NOSE Manual 11

2 NOSE 13 Emissions reporting by enterprises 13 Measurement and estimation of emissions 15 Presentation ofinformation on emissions 15 Analysis and assessment of emissions information 15

3 The NOSE Process List 17 Classification of production processes 19

4 The treatment of NOSE-P headings with multiple NACE associations 25 General methodologies 25 Stationary combustion 26 Transport 28 Solvents and other product use 33 Other 34

5 Business registers and statistical units 35 Business registers 35 Statistical units 37 Territorial definition 37

6 The use of NACE within NOSE 39 Reporting of emissions by installations 39 Presentation and analysis of emission data 39

7 Issues and recommendations 45 8 References 47 Annex 1: Glossary 48 Annex 2: NOSE Process List 49 Annex 3: SNAP94 to NOSE-P correspondence table 61

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List of Tables

Table 3.1 High-level NOSE-P Groups 18

Table 3.2 Examples of presentation of emissions for a single NACE branch, showing breakdown by process, for typical pollutants 21

Table 4.1 Energy use in commercial and institutional plants: general importance of branches (all stationary fuel use); distribution of the consumption of kerosene and heavy fuel oil for stationary use between branches 27

Table 4.2 Calculation of petrol consumption in branch 60.2 29

Table 4.3 Consumption of petrol for road transport: allocation to NACE branches using survey

data/calculations and data from the national accounts input-output tables 30

Table4.4 Calculation of diesel consumption in branch 60.2 31

Table 4.5 Directly emission generating products (other than fuels) specified in the Norwegian national accounts input-output tables 33

Table 5.1 Minimum set of variables to be included in a statistical business register under Council Regulation 2186/93 36

Table 6.1 Proposed classification of economic activities and final consumption by households, based on NACE Rev 1 40

List of Figures

Figure 1.1 Emissions sources categorized by NACE branch and by process 12

Figure 2.1 Typical data for an installation 14

Figure 5.1 Conceptual model for information in statistical business registers 36

Figure 6.1 Typical processes by NACE branch 43

NOSE Manual

Introduction

1 INTRODUCTION

Objectives and background 1.01 The NOSE (Nomenclature for Sources of Emissions) project provides a classification for emissions

sources which is linked directly to NACE Revision 1 1 , the European counterpart of the international ISIC classification of economic activities.

1.02 Standard statistical classifications are needed in order to ensure that statistical data collected at different times, for different purposes, and in different countries, can be used together. The main internationally-recognized statistical classifications cover economic activities and products (see Figure 1, Rainer 1995).

1.03 Emissions registers and inventories are important tools for the formulation and monitoring of pollution control policies. At the EU level, two new initiatives are under development:

• the Pollutant Emission Register (PER) which is foreseen under the Directive on Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC), adopted by the Council in September 1996. The PER will include reported emissions of a list of specified pollutants from a group of large industrial installations. The design of the PER, including the specification of information to be reported will have to be agreed upon by an ad hoc Committee established under the IPPC Directive, which will meet for the first time in late 1997.

• the Integrated Emission inventory (IEI) which is included in the work programme of the European Environment Agency (EEA). The IEI is still in the planning stage, but it will probably be a development of the well-established CORINAIR air emission inventory, extended to cover emissions to other media such as water and land. It will aim at a complete inventory of emissions, for a smaller list of pollutants than the PER. These emissions fall into two categories:

a) "large point sources", for which the inventory will be based on data on individual installations (such as the data included in the PER);

b) "diffuse sources", such as smaller industrial installations, agriculture, households, transport, etc, for which aggregated emissions are estimated.

1.04 In order to promote the common use of data among projects on emissions, DG XI, Eurostat and the EEA agreed to work together on common classifications of pollutants and emissions sources. These classifications would provide descriptors which could in principle allow sharing of data between the PER and the IEI. It should be emphasized, however, that any use of NOSE in the PER exercise will have to be agreed by the ad hoc Committee established under the IPPC Directive (see above) as part of the overall technical specification for the PER.

1.05 NOSE is also relevant to other current projects in Eurostat and the national statistical offices, particularly projects in the areas covered by the Commission's 1994 Communication on Environmental indicators and green national accounting, which are intended to provide new information on the relationship between economic development and the environment. The present version of the NOSE manual draws on the experience of the national statistical offices and of Eurostat in:

• the development of NAMEAs (National Accounting Matrices with Environmental Accounts);

• the Environmental Pressure Information System (EPIS).

1.06 Comprehensive guidelines for estimating and reporting air emissions have already been developed during the CORINAIR project (Mclnnes 1996) and these are used extensively within NOSE to ensure the fullest possible compatibility with existing practices in air emission inventories.

1.07 This chapter reviews the background to issues involved in developing and using nomenclatures for emission inventories and registers. Many points are discussed in much greater detail in Briggs

1 All references to NACE in this document refer to the NACE Revision 1 as adopted in Council Regulation (EEC) N° 3037/90 of 9 October 1990 on the statistical classification of economic activities in the European Community (OJ L293, 24.10.1990), and subsequent amending legislation.

NOSE Manual

Introduction

(1993), Bouscaren (1994) and Mclnnes (1996). Additional ideas come from descriptions of national inventories, notably that of the Netherlands (Berdowski and van der Most 1994).

Definitions

1.08 For the purposes of this document, the following definitions are suggested:

1.09 Emission: the direct or indirect release of substances, vibrations, heat or noise from individual or diffuse sources into the air, water or land. (IPPC Directive)

1.10 Emission inventory, a list of sources of emissions of one or more pollutants, together with the amount of each pollutant generated by each listed source.

1.11 Emissions register: a kind of emission inventory in which the sources are identifiable economic units (for example, enterprises, households) which are under a legal obligation to report their emissions.

1.12 Source: the origin of an emission, which may be a physical entity or process (factory, machine, animal...) which generates emissions of pollutants, or a set of such entities or processes defined according to some common characteristic (for example, power plants, agricultural sources). Such a set of sources is sometimes referred to as a source sector.

1.13 Pollutant: a material emitted by a source, which has some negative impact on the environment, and which is to be included in an emission inventory or register. In this context, wastes are pollutants. Other examples are SOx, C02, Pb...

1.14 Certain terms are deliberately avoided here because their use gives rise to confusion; notably, the term activity, which has been used both for economic activities, (as classified according to NACE and ISIC) as well as for processes generating emissions. Other definitions are provided in the draft IPPC Directive.

Functions of emission inventories

1.15 Emission inventories are inherently multi-purpose tools which can serve many different policy objectives (see Briggs 1993). Typical functions of inventories are in the areas of:

• development of technical and regulatory measures to reduce emissions: in other words, to reduce emissions one needs detailed information on where they come from;

• monitoring of measures already in force;

• scientific studies of local, regional and global air pollution;

• analysis of the relationships between emissions and economic factors (production, investment, employment), in the context both of the development of regulatory measures and of assessment of the impact of existing measures;

• providing information to the public generally.

1.16 In order to fulfill all possible functions, emission inventories necessarily contain very detailed data. However, for many purposes these data must be aggregated, perhaps in several different ways. In addition, for presentation and analysis, the aggregated emissions data have to be placed alongside other kinds of economic data, for example data on employment, investment or environmental protection expenditures.

Kinds of nomenclatures needed

1.17 The basic definition of an emission inventory given above implies that nomenclatures are needed for

• sources • geocoding of sources • pollutants

1.18 In addition, nomenclatures may also be needed for:

• fuels

• determination method

• destination of emission

NOSE Manual

Introduction

1.19 It should be clearly understood that each of these nomenclatures is used separately within the inventory: that is, each nomenclature corresponds to one "dimension" in an n-dimensional space containing the detailed inventory data. In other words, each nomenclature describes a set of permissible alternative values for one field in a "record" of data for one observation unit. This record exists if there is an emission corresponding to that combination of source and pollutant; however, many possible combinations will be absent. To illustrate this further: suppose there are 5000 headings in a source nomenclature and 200 headings in an pollutant nomenclature, this does not mean that one is inventing a new nomenclature with 105 headings.

Principles for nomenclatures

1.20 Some general principles should be observed when developing nomenclatures for emission inventories:

• existing standard statistical or technical nomenclatures should be used where relevant. This saves work, and makes it possible to use the information in emission inventories alongside other kinds of information. For example, emissions from specified industrial sectors may be linked to employment and investment data for those industries;

• where new nomenclatures are required, they should as far as possible be constructed using the headings and definitions of appropriate levels of existing nomenclatures;

• all nomenclatures should be independent of the methods used to construct the emission inventories, which may need to combine information obtained in various ways: calculations using emissions factors, material balance calculations, direct measurements, surveys etc;

• nomenclatures should be accompanied by appropriate definitions and explanatory material to enable their use by non-specialists in an operational context. It may be useful, in some nomenclatures, to provide an additional level of detail in order to indicate the coverage of the headings at the next higher level.

Source nomenclature

1.21 The source nomenclature must:

• be capable of identifying all emissions sources included in the inventory.

• permit whatever aggregations of the sources as are needed to fulfil the functions of the inventory.

1.22 The EU standard statistical nomenclature for economic activities (NACE) is a necessary component of a source nomenclature. Any economically active entity can be assigned to a NACE category, and since NACE is also the basis for economic statistics, emissions data can be aggregated in ways which correspond to economic data, thereby facilitating the function of emission inventories in analyzing the relationships between emissions and economic factors (see §1.15). However, NACE is not by itself sufficient to identify sources at the level of detail required for most inventories, for the following reasons:

• a NACE category will include multiple entities (enterprises, factories, households) which may need to be separately identified in an inventory. This is a fairly trivial question since individual entities may be identified by assigning a unique identification code. For enterprises (and local units of enterprises), a unique code will normally already exist in the national business register (see Chapter 5).

• an economically active entity (such as an enterprise) will always be classifiable in one NACE category (if necessary, following the principle of main activity), but will usually contain multiple emissions sources. For the technical, regulatory and monitoring functions of emission inventories (see §115), these sources must also be separately identifiable and capable of aggregation independently of NACE, in order to give emissions corresponding to source sectors such as "industrial combustion".

1.23 It is therefore likely that a full identification of sources will require a two-dimensional nomenclature:

[economic entity][emission-generating process]

where

[economic entity] can be coded as [NACE code][unique identification code]

NOSE Manual

Introduction

and

[emission-generating process] means any process, operation or machine.

These dimensions are illustrated in Figure 1.1.

Process nomenclature

1.24 It was envisaged that further work would be needed to elaborate the nomenclature for emission-generating processes but there is already a well-developed proposal (ACCOR) by Bouscaren (1994), building on the experience with the SNAP nomenclature used in CORINAIR (which is essentially a process nomenclature). The ACCOR proposal treats processes in three levels as follows:

[emission-generating process] = [operation][machine][fuel or product]

Draft classifications for operations and machines are included in the ACCOR proposal. For products, use of the PRODCOM and CAS (Chemical Abstract System) codes is suggested.

1.25 Additional ideas on the linking of NACE to SNAP are discussed in Hawthorn (1993).

Nomenclature for geocoding of sources

1.26 The geographical location of sources can be recorded either as coordinates (latitude and longitude) or in terms of administrative regions (NUTS codes). Coordinates can be converted to NUTS codes, but not vice-versa. In practice, data may initially be recorded for addresses and postcodes which can be converted afterwards to coordinates or NUTS codes.

Pollutant nomenclature

1.27 The pollutant nomenclature poses greater difficulties than the source nomenclature. Emission inventories such as CORINAIR have covered few pollutants and no explicit pollutant nomenclature was needed; a short list of pollutants was simply defined in chemical terms (SOx, NOx, CO, C02, CH4, non-methane VOC, N20, NH3). At the same time, waste nomenclatures have been developed, notably the European Waste Catalogue, which are not directly useable as general-purpose pollutant nomenclatures for emission inventories, although necessary for regulatory and management purposes.

1.28 The essential difficulty posed by pollutant nomenclatures is that pollutants cannot always be defined in chemical terms. This works for the main air pollutants, but there are other important classes of pollutants which are complex and variable mixtures of chemical species. For such mixtures, it might be possible to quantify the content of a limited set of chemical elements and compounds. However, data based on such a nomenclature would not satisfy some of the functions of an emission inventory, notably in the case of waste. However, the alternative strategy of classifying pollutants by linking them to a particular category of source, though useful for management purposes, is unsatisfactory for some inventories, since several different categories of sources may generate the same pollutants.

1.29 A pollutant nomenclature is currently being developed by the European Environment Agency. It is designed to be used in conjunction with NOSE. The two nomenclatures constitute part of the set of common tools for emission inventories foreseen in EEA project SG1.

Other nomenclatures

Fuel

1.30 This nomenclature is needed where emissions result from the use of fuels, in order that emissions estimates can be calculated consistently from energy statistics, and, if necessary, total emissions can be broken down by fuel used. The NAPFUE nomenclature developed for CORINAIR should be useable for any future inventories, perhaps with minor revisions to ensure its compatibility with official energy statistics from Eurostat and IEA.

Determination method

1.31 Determination method is one item of information explicitly requested by the draft PER text (CEC 1994), which lists 4 possibilities. This list might be extended and included in other inventories.

NOSE Manual -10-

Introduction

Destination of emissions 1.32 This may be an important element of several emission inventories. Annex 111 of the draft PER text

(CEC1994) lists 13 possible destinations but this list would probably need to be extended and revised to be useful in other contexts. In particular, a full nomenclature of waste treatment options would need to be developed.

Developing the NOSE Manual 1.33 The general approach outlined above was presented at the Working Group on Environment Statistics

in June 1995. Seven countries (Finland, France, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, UK and Bulgaria) offered to participate in the development of NOSE, although in the end the Netherlands and the UK were unable to participate in the first NOSE Task Force meeting which was held in Stockholm in February 1996.

1.34 The countries which were present at the Task Force meeting agreed to examine the process lists used in their national emission inventories and registers, with the aim of identifying processes which might need to be added to SNAP, both to guarantee complete coverage of air emissions and also to cover emissions to other media. In order to make this review of the national process nomenclatures, it was suggested that countries should check the national nomenclatures and SNAP against emission sources broken down by NACE branches, since this would be the most effective way of checking that all economic branches were in fact covered. The result was a series of study reports which being used by Eurostat in the preparation of the first version of the NOSE Process List (see Chapter 3). These studies also covered national experiences in the use of statistical business registers in the context of emissions data (see Chapter 5) and in the allocation of aggregated emissions to NACE branches (see Chapter 4). The NOSE Manual therefore provides not only the NOSE Process List but also guidance on related statistical issues.

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Combustion processes

Production processes

Processes specific to

extraction and distribution

of fossil fuels etc

Processes involving use of solvents and other products

Processes specific to waste treatment and disposal operations

Processes specific to

agriculture and forestry

Processes specific to the nuclear power industry

Road vehicles

Other mobile sources and

machinery

Stationary

sources

Mobile

sources

Processes in

nature —

Agriculture

01 Agriculture

02 Forestry

05 Fishing

10 Mining of coal and lignite

15 Manufacture of food products, beverages

24 Manufacture of chemicals

271 Manufacture of basic iron and steel

34 Manufacture of motor vehicles

40 Electricity, gas, steam and hot water supply

Services

Households

50 Sale, maintenance, repair of motor vehicles

55 Hotels and restaurants

60 Land transport (enterprises)

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NOSE

2 NOSE

2.01 This section describes the principles of NOSE. It explains the concept of using two separate classifications - NACE and the "NOSE Process List" (NOSE-P) - in the context of:

• Emissions reporting by enterprises

• Measurement and estimation of emissions

• Presentation of information on emissions

• Analysis and assessment of emissions information

2.02 The NOSE project aims at producing practical tools for the description of sources of emissions within an emission inventory or register. It should be clearly understood that NOSE covers the use of two independent classifications which serve as descriptors in a database: NACE (following the normal rules for classification of local units and local kind-of-activity units (KAU), as defined in the Council Regulation on statistical units (see Chapter 5) and the NOSE Process List which is defined in technical terms. It should be clearly understood that the novel part of NOSE is the NOSE Process List, which is quite separate from the use of NACE, which has in principle already been used to classify a local unit or local KAU in the statistical business registers.

Emissions reporting by enterprises

2.03 Typically, the NOSE descriptors (NACE and the NOSE Process List) will be used within a database to describe the emissions from multiple specific processes within an industrial installation. They can also be used to aggregate emissions data either in terms of economic branches (using NACE) or in terms of processes (using the NOSE Process List).

Figure 2.1 gives an example of the information which might be stored in such a database.

2.04 The concept of an installation is fundamental for recording emissions, since it is the entity for which a permit to operate is granted by the national regulatory authority. In physical terms, it will typically correspond to a factory or other industrial site. In statistical terms, this will probably equate to a local unit containing one or more local KAUs.

2.05 Two basic assumptions of NOSE are

• that such a local unit (and its component local KAUs) is already classified by NACE and that this information, which is already included within existing statistical business registers, should always be recorded alongside the emissions data;

• that emission-generating processes should also be recorded in the emissions database, but that these processes should be defined in a technical way, with reference to the industry branch only to the extent that this affects the technical characteristics of the process.

2.06 The core of NOSE is therefore the NOSE Process List, which will be a list of technically-defined processes capable of giving rise to emissions of any of a wide range of pollutants, into any medium (air, water, land etc). The NOSE Process List is described in Chapter 3. The NOSE Process List can be used at different levels of detail. For the reporting of emissions at the level of the installation, it is desirable to provide a breakdown of emissions at the first (3-digit) level of the NOSE Process List. This breakdown provides information which is needed for the presentation of emissions information aggregated by process.

2.07 The breakdown of emissions by process, according to the NOSE Process List, will also act as a "check list", ensuring that the emissions registered for an installation cover the full range of processes taking place at the installation. For example, in addition to emissions which originate directly in production processes, many installations will also need to record emissions from boilers (for on-site heat or electricity production).

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NOSE

Installation data

Name of installation

Address of installation

Postcode

Latitude

Longitude

Business Register Identification Code

NACE Code (from Business Register)

Emissions data

Process

NOSE-P code

01

02

01

02

03

04

01

02

03

04

Pollutant

Pollutant code

Emission

Quantity Unit

Figure 2.1 Typical data for an installation

NOSE Manual -14-

NOSE

Measurement and estimation of emissions

2.08 At the installation level, data on emissions is usually obtained either by direct measurement or by estimation, for each of the different production processes which take place in the installation. For air emissions, the EMEP/CORINAIR Air Emission Inventory Guidebook (Mclnnes 1996) provides comprehensive information as well as references to other information sources. This information is structured according to the coding system of SNAP94 at the most detailed (6-digit) level. The NOSE Process List also structures processes at this level of detail, and in fact includes almost all of the processes defined in SNAP94 at the 6-digit level (see Chapter 3). NOSE-P can therefore, like SNAP94, be used to structure the process of compiling emissions information, following the recommendations of the existing Guidebook for those process codes which are inherited from SNAP94. For the new processes which have been added to NOSE-P because they give rise to emissions into other media (or of air pollutants not covered by CORINAIR), the Guidebook would need to be expanded.

2.09 Under NOSE, non-point source emissions will normally be estimated, as in CORINAIR, by reference to processes, structured according to the NOSE Process List. However, it is recommended that where the estimates are based on activity data structured by NACE branch, the emissions database should store the estimate for each NACE branch, in order to facilitate a branch-oriented analysis of the data (see Chapter 6).

Presentation of information on emissions

2.10 An emission database structured according to NOSE allows emission data to be presented in three ways:

• breakdown by process, according to the 1 or 3-digit level of NOSE-P (see Table 3.1). For some purposes, a partial or complete breakdown to the 5-digit level of NOSE-P may provide useful additional information; for example, on the relative contribution of different sizes of combustionn plants. It should be noted that presentation of emissions data for NOSE-P Groups 104 and 105 (Production processes) broken down to the 5-digit level of risks confusion with a full breakdown by NACE branch. However, when presenting data for a single NACE branch, it may be of interest to show the breakdown by process; some examples of such a breakdown are shown in Table 3.2. In such a breakdown, it must be remembered that installations assigned to a NACE branch may have recorded emissions under NOSE-P headings which are not characteristic processes for this branch.

• breakdown by NACE branch; for some important kinds of analysis, emissions should be broken down by NACE branch, in order to show the relationship between economic variables (output, investment, employment etc) and emissions. This point is discussed below (see §2.1 Iff). The appropriate level of breakdown is discussed in Chapter 6.

• mixed breakdown; the present EMEP and IPCC reporting guidelines specify that emissions are broken down partly by process and partly by economic activity. Such mixed breakdowns remain useful for a concise presentation of emissions data, and an emissions database structured according to NOSE can be used to generate such a breakdown with no special difficulty. However, in such presentations it is important to make clear whether or not the emissions broken down by industry branch include or exclude emissions from "common processes" such as combustion and road transport. It should be remembered that in a strictly NACE-oriented breakdown, transport processes may account for the major part of the emissions for some branches (for example, NACE Divisions 50 and 51, covering wholesale and retail trade); if these emissions are excluded, the pattern of emissions across branches will be somewhat different (see Chapter 4).

Analysis and assessment of emissions information

2.11 Emissions data are increasingly being used as a tool in the development and monitoring of environmental policies directed towards economic actors, as in the EU Fifth Environmental Action Programme (5EAP). This requires that emissions can be calculated for sectors and branches defined in the same way as for economic statistics such output, investment, employment, and labour costs. A number of countries have started to incorporate emissions data into national accounting frameworks, for example, the Dutch NAMEA (De Haan and Keuning 1995. Following the European Commission's

-15- NOSE Manual

NOSE

1994 Communication on Environmental Indicators and Green National Accounting, Eurostat is working with national statistical services to develop NAMEA-type systems in all Member States.

2.12 The requirements of NAMEA-type framework can be satisfied by a full disaggregation of emissions to NACE branches, as described above. This disaggregation is facilitated by the use of an emissions database structured according to NOSE. Recommendations for the use of NACE in this context are included in Chapter 6 while Chapter 4 provides guidelines for the disaggregation of emissions from processes which are common to many NACE branches, notably combustion and transport processes.

2.13 It should be noted that the "target sectors" used in the 5EAP do not correspond in a straightforward way to NACE branches; for example, "transport" in the 5EAP corresponds to transport processes in NOSE-P and not to the NACE Divisions 60-63 covering the transport industry. However, an emissions database structured according to NOSE can be used to provide information on emissions disaggregated according to the 5EAP target sectors.

NOSE Manual -16-

The NOSE Process List

3 T H E NOSE PROCESS LIST

3.01 The NOSE Process List (NOSE-P) is the core of NOSE. It provides a set of descriptors which can be used to categorize the processes giving rise to emissions of any of a wide range of pollutants, into any medium (air, water, land).

3.02 There are three broad classes of processes to be included in NOSE-P:

• processes which occur in ail types of installations. Examples are combustion processes for heat and/or electricity generation;

• processes which are normally specific to installations in one industry branch. Examples are the various processes involved in pulp and paper manufacture;

• processes which occur in installations in several industry branches, but which are essentially subsidiary parts of complex manufacturing procedures and do not usually define the branch into which the installation falls. An example of such a process would be paint application, which is an important source of solvent emissions. Paint application occurs within many different kinds of manufacturing installations, as well as in construction and in households.

Many installations will have processes falling into all three classes.

3.03 The current NOSE Process List is derived directly from the SNAP nomenclature which was developed for the CORINAIR project and is now an established standard for air emissions data at international level, being used for example in national submissions under the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution. Although SNAP is a "mixed classification", referring both to economic branches and to processes, NOSE uses only the process descriptions within SNAP to provide a process list which is essentially complete for the processes giving rise to air emissions of a wide range of pollutants.

3.04 Three sources of information were used to construct the first version of the NOSE Process List:

• the complete SNAP94 classification as well as the "rubric codes" which provide additional detail for some process categories;

• lists of additional processes found in some national emission inventories and registers;

• technical process classifications already used in international databases. For example, the IAEA database on nuclear power stations provides a classification of reactor types.

3.05 Some important changes have been made to the high-level structure of SNAP, in order to strengthen the process orientation of NOSE-P.

3.06 The first digit level of NOSE-P is used to distinguish 3 broad groups of processes, in stationary sources, mobile sources and natural sources.

3.07 The SNAP codes from groups 01, 02 and 03 (SNAP94: 0301) which refer to combustion for heat and electricity production were combined into a single category (NOSE-P: 101). There is no process-related distinction between these categories, and the EMEP/CORINAIR Atmospheric Emission Inventory Guidebook (Mclnnes 1996) covers all such combustion plants under one chapter. However, the NOSE-P group codes 102 and 103 have been reserved for future use in case it proves useful to split up group 101.

3.08 The remaining parts of SNAP group 03 (SNAP94: 0302 and 0303), which refer to industrial processes with combustion, form NOSE-P group 104 "Production processes involving fuel combustion". This group has been separated in this version of NOSE-P because some international inventories separate fuel combustion related emissions, even when these form part of an industrial production process.

Production processes not involving fuel combustion have (SNAP group 04) form the NOSE-P group 105 (see below).

-17- NOSE Manual


Table 3.1 High-level NOSE-P Groups

NOSE-P Section

1

2

3

NOSE-P Group

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

201

202

301

Process category

Stationary processes

Combustion processes (production of heat and electricity)

(code reserved for future use)

(code reserved for future use)

Production processes involving fuel combustion

Production processes not involving fuel combustion

Processes specific to the extraction and distribution of fossil fuels and geothermal energy


Processes specific to nuclear power generation

Waste treatment and disposal operations

Processes specific to agriculture and forestry

Processes characteristic of service branches

Processes common to all branches

Mobile processes

Road transport

Other mobile sources and machinery

Processes in nature

Processes in nature

SNAP94 Common to all NACE branches plus households

Characteristic of one NACE branch

01,02,03 (part)

03 (part)

04

05

06

09

10

Found in several NACE branches

07

08

09

11

NOSE Manual -18-


3.09 SNAP groups 05 and 06 have been retained as NOSE-P groups 106 "Processes specific to the extraction and distribution of fossil fuels and geothermal energy" and 107 "Processes involving use of solvents and other products". It could be argued that the Group 107 processes could be considered simply as another set of industrial production processes, but in order to maintain continuity with SNAP these processes are for the time being placed in separate NOSE-P groups.

3.10 NOSE-P Group 108 is a completely new group, "Processes specific to nuclear power generation": It is included here as an example of the application of the logic of NOSE-P to create a new set of process codes based on existing practice for a particular type of process technology. In this case, the proposed process codes are based on the reactor types listed in the IAEA nuclear power station database, each of which has a distinctive technology with a distinctive pattern of emissions.

3.11 SNAP Groups 09 and 10 have been retained as NOSE-P Groups 109 "Waste treatment and disposal operations" and 110 "Processes specific to agriculture and forestry". The Group 111 processes are technically distinctive but are found across many NACE branches.

3.12 The Group 110 processes are characteristic of NACE Divisions 01 and 02, but are technically distinct and should be maintained as a separate group in NOSE-P. It should be noted that much of Group 110 (NOSE-P: 110.13.09-110.13.17) refers to processes which are important for carbon balances rather than for pollutant emissions in the normal sense; they are retained here to maintain continuity with SNAP.

3.13 NOSE-P codes 111 and 112 are assigned to "Processes characteristic of service branches" and "Processes common to all branches" respectively. In both cases combustion processes for heat and electricity production, as well as mobile sources, are excluded, since these are explicitly present elsewhere in NOSE-P. However, it is assumed that as the range of pollutants widens, it will be necessary to identify more processes under these headings.

3.14 SNAP Groups 07 and 08 have been retained as NOSE-P Groups 201 "Road transport" and 202 "Other mobile sources and machinery".

3.15 The high-level NOSE-P groups are summarized in Table 3.1.

3.16 The complete NOSE Process List is presented in Annex 2.. The lower-level NOSE-P groups have retained as far as possible the structure of the corresponding SNAP groups, and additional processes have been inserted into the list in the most appropriate places. In certain cases it was found necessary to create additional lower-level headings.

Classification of production processes

3.17 The most complex parts of the NOSE Process List are Groups 104 and 105, covering production processes. For many purposes emissions from production processes will be presented and used with a disaggregation by NACE branch. However, a detailed breakdown by process is also required, both for estimation of emissions and for analysing the contribution of different processes.

3.18 In this version of NOSE-P, most of the production process codes have been inherited from SNAP94. When the SNAP94 list was checked against the process lists provided by countries participating in the NOSE Task Force (see §1.34), it was found that for air emissions only a few processes needed to be added.

3.19 For emissions to water it appeared that the national lists of processes were less well developed than those for air emissions, except for the list used by the French "Financial Basin Agencies".

3.20 In order both to maximize compatibility with existing national inventories, and also to facilitate the incorporation of new process codes, it was decided to structure the list of production processes according to the NACE branches for which they are characteristic, after a group of general-purpose processes. NOSE-P Groups 104.01 and 105.01 therefore cover general-purpose industrial processes, which are found in several kinds of industries; more codes need to be added under this heading. NOSE-P Groups 104.02 to 104.16 and 105.02 to 105.16 cover processes which are characteristic of different industry branches,

3.21 It must be emphasized that the headings in NOSE-P Groups 104 and 105 are used only as a convenient way of structuring the list of production processes. They are principle independent of the assignment of a NACE code to the installation. It is to be expected, in practice, that an installation assigned to one NACE branch in the national statistical business register will record emissions for

-19- NOSE Manual


processes which are listed in NOSE-P as characteristic of other NACE branches. When recording emissions for an installation, all NOSE-P headings should be checked to ensure that all kinds of processes are taken into account and not just those that are listed as characteristic for the branch to which the installation is formally assigned. Chapter 6 gives further information on the application of NACE in this context.

3.22 The practical advantage of structuring NOSE-P Groups 104 and 105 by branches is that where no specific process code exists, emissions can still be given a meaningful code of the form 104.xx.99 or 105.xx.99, where the code 99 signifies emissions from processes specific to the branch, but not explicitly specified in the current version of NOSE-P. As the number of pollutants increases, there will probably be an increasing number of processes for which codes have not yet been assigned; this coding system ensures that such emissions are recorded in a way which facilitates the use of the data.

3.23 Although the present list of processes, largely inherited from SNAP94, provides complete coverage for emissions to air of the major pollutants, the countries participating in the NOSE Task Force signalled a number of cases in which the detailed breakdown of processes for a particular industry is not appropriate for recording emissions from that industry. Many such cases are already noted in the EMEP/CORINAIR Atmospheric Emission Inventory Guidebook. It should be expected that the NOSE Process List, like other standard international classifications, will be subject to a continous process of revision. Significant changes are therefore likely to the process codes available for recording emissions from some industries which are major pollution sources, for example the pulp and paper industry. For such industries, some countries have expressed a preference for a slightly more detailed set of process codes which refer to the different stages of the production process ("sub-processes"). However, it can also be argued that such sub-processes can best be specified at a local level, and do not need to be visible in an international classification. The present version of the NOSE Process List has not attempted to change the level of detail in process descriptions from that found in SNAP94, which varies considerably between industries, reflecting the consensus of opinion among the national experts who have developed SNAP94.

NOSE Manual -20-


Table 3.2 Examples of presentation of emissions for a single NACE branch, showing breakdown by process, for typical pollutants

(a) NACE 01: agriculture, hunting and related service activities

Emissions for NACE Division: 01 : agriculture, hunting and related service activities

Pollutant:

NOSE-P

101

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

201

202

301

01.03

01 .xx

04.01



of which

Drying processes

Production processes, not involving fuel combustion



of which

Paint application



of which

Waste water treatment in industry




Road transport

Other mobile sources

Processes in nature

TOTAL EMISSIONS FOR THE BRANCH

Emissions (t/year)

++

++

++

-

" +

+

-

++

++

-

-

++

++

++

-

++

Notes: ++ : important emissions likely under these headings + : some emissions likely under these headings - : probably no emissions likely under these headings

-21- NOSE Manual


Table 3.2 (continued) (b) NACE 21: manufacture of pulp, paper and paper products

Emissions for NACE Division: 21 : manufacture of pulp, paper and paper products

Pollutant:

NOSE-P

101

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

201

202

301

01.02

07.01

07.01

07.02

07.03

07.06

04.01



of which

Lime (includ. iron and steel and paper pulp industr.)

Drying processes

Production processes in industry, not involving fuel combustion

of which

Paper pulp (kraft process)

Paper pulp (acid sulphite process)

Paper pulp (neutral sulphite semi-chemical process)

Processing of waste paper and paperboard





of which

Waste water treatment in industry




Road transport


Processes in nature


Emissions (t/year)

++

++

++

++

++

++

++

++

++

"

+

-

++

++

-

-

++

++

++

-

++


NOSE Manual -22-


Table 3.2 (continued) (a) NACE 62: air transport

Emissions for NACE Division: 62: air transport

Pollutant:

NOSE-P

101

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

201

202

301

01 .xx

202.04






of which

Paint application






Road transport


of which

Air traffic

Processes in nature


Emissions (t/year)

+

-

-

" +

+

-

-

-

-

++

++

++

++

-

++


-23- NOSE Manual


Table 3.2 (continued) (a) NACE Section J: Financial intermediation (65+66+67)

Emissions for NACE Section J: Financial intermediation (65+66+67)

Pollutant:

NOSE-P

101

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

201

202

301

112.01











of which

Photocopying machines

Road transport


Processes in nature


Emissions (t/year)

++

-

-

-

-

-

-

-++

+ +

-

-

++


NOSE Manual -24-

The treatment of NOSE-P headings with multiple NACE associations

4 T H E TREATMENT OF NOSE-P HEADINGS WITH MULTIPLE NACE ASSOCIATIONS

The reader should note that the examples given in this chapter were originally based on SNAP94, but are in principle valid for the corresponding NOSE-P codes.

4.01 For most NOSE-P (or SNAP) codes there is a clear correspondence to a NACE code. NOSE-P is a list of processes, but the processes often relate to a certain branch. For some NOSE-P codes, however, the activities will take place in a large number of branches. Transport is the most important example, but this also applies to parts of stationary combustion and solvent and other product use. This means that further calculations will be required to link the emissions to NACE. Possible methodologies will be reviewed in this chapter, which is taken from the report by Statistics Norway (1996).

General methodologies

4.02 There are two main types of methodologies for calculating emissions: "top down" and "bottom up". In the top down methodologies a total (eg total fuel or solvent use) is known and is distributed between processes or branches. The top down methodologies are often based on material balances (fuel use, product use) which give a reasonably accurate total consumption. The data giving the distribution between branches (often called surrogate data) may be more or less correlated with the actual consumption/emissions. Examples of surrogate data are employment statistics, population statistics and national accounts input-output table expenditures. This methodology is very useful if there are many individually small emission sources.

4.03 In a bottom up methodology emissions are calculated individually for each emission source and are summed to give a total emission. This methodology is only feasible when the number of emission sources is not too large and they all are known. In cases where the total is known and there are some big sources, top down and bottom up methodologies may be combined. Data sources needed in bottom up methodologies will be direct information from registers or special surveys. Often a bottom up study will be based on data for individual plants (point sources). Though bottom up studies often are recommended, the sum should always be checked against a true or approximate total. Very often, at least when the statistics on most sources is reasonably good, the largest consumption group may be determined as a residual. This residual should, at least occasionally, be checked against independent data sources.

4.04 Often the surrogate data, or direct survey data, give the distribution of commodity use (eg fuel) and nor the emissions. This may cause problems as for most pollutants the relative emissions (emission factors) will vary between branches as different technologies are used in different branches.

4.05 As many emissions are related to energy use, an energy balance will be the obvious starting point and will in most cases determine the total consumption of fuels. However, the branch split in the energy balance will usually not be detailed enough. Some countries have developed energy accounts with a detailed branch split. Such an energy account will of course be a superior data source for distributing emissions between branches. The problem is that the energy accounts usually contain no information on how the energy is used.

4.06 In the National Accounts, expenditures for various commodities are given for each branch in the input-output tables. The commodity classification used in the national accounts is often not detailed enough to be useful. This is because the classification has been developed for other purposes than environmental issues. An important feature of the Norwegian national accounts input-output tables is that they do not always distinguish between oils for transport and oils for heating. The quality of the data are variable, examples of this are given below. Another problem is that the consumption distribution does not equal the expenditure distribution because different branches face different prices of a given commodity; Norwegian pilot surveys show discounts up to 40%. The relative prices are, however, often unknown, but corrections should be made where possible. The national accounts input-output tables do not distinguish between consumption as a raw material (transferred to a product) and consumption leading to waste or emissions. In utilising data from the national accounts this distinction must be made, often based on expert judgements. Moreover there is use of commodities not well covered in the national accounts input-output tables, like non-market fuels (eg fuel wood) and internal fuel use in a plant (fuel produced and consumed in the same plant).

-25- NOSE Manual


Stationary combustion 4.07 Stationary combustion (NOSE-P 101) covers combustion in the energy branches (SNAP 01) as well

as commercial and institutional plants, residential plants and plants in agriculture, forestry and aquaculture (SNAP 02) and combustion for electricity and heat production in industry (part of SNAP 03).

4.08 Emissions from combustion in the energy branches (for example, emissions from power stations) are usually recorded separately and do not need to be reallocated to NACE branches.

4.09 Residential plants are to be connected with the household branch. Plants in agriculture, forestry and aquaculture are to be distributed between NACE 01 agriculture, 02 forestry and 05 fishing. If direct sample surveys on energy use are not available, it may, however, be assumed that most stationary energy will be consumed in branch 01 agriculture. Commercial and institutional plants (SNAP 0201) will have to be distributed between several branches (45-93). Typical for most branches are small units and usually little information on energy use. Sample surveys of energy use will be useful for these branches, but these are very time demanding. A list of priorities is given in Table 4.1. Energy use per employee can be used to extrapolate the survey data to eg branches not covered by surveys. Another possibility is to calculate the energy use from the building space occupied. This requires statistics on building area use (absolute or per employee) and data on the average energy intensity per unit area.

4.10 Information in the national accounts input-output tables may be used, if detailed enough, to specify stationary fuel use. Examples with kerosene and heavy fuel oil are given below (Table 4.1). The distribution given from the national accounts input-output tables and direct surveys are unfortunately quite different. The consumption in these branches is, however, small and hence uncertain. Light fuel oil (with higher consumption) would have been a better test example, but can, unfortunately, not be distinguished from diesel and gas oil for mobile use in the Norwegian national accounts input-output tables.

4.11 The variation in emission factors between branches does not cause large problems for these branches, but the distribution ought to be corrected if this variation is known.

4.12 Combustion in industry for specific industrial processes (NOSE-P 104.xx; SNAP 0302 and 0303) may be directly connected to the correct economic branch. Combustion in boilers, gas turbines and stationary engines (NOSE-P 101; SNAP 0301) will in principle take place in all industrial branches. Activities covering the larger boilers and gas turbines should in CORINAIR be treated as point sources, and each point source is easily allocated to an economic branch. It is highly recommended for these branches to base the calculations on survey data, as a good knowledge of who is using the energy in any case will be needed to distribute the energy use by technology to produce the most accurate emission estimate (as the emission factors will vary significantly with technology). Differences in energy intensities between branches do not facilitate simplifications and generalisations. However, if survey data are not available every year, changes in production, combined with knowledge on changes in sale, may be used to estimate data for the year of interest.

4.13 Expenditures specified in the National Accounts input-output tables have, of course, the same limitations as described above as far as low relevance of commodities is concerned. In addition lack of information on bio-fuels and internal fuel use (as by-product gases) is very serious for NOSE-P 101 (SNAP 0301). Large consumers will get discounts on fuels, which also must be taken into account. However, the national accounts input-output table data will probably generally be of better quality for the industrial branches than for the commercial branches.

NOSE Manual -26-


Table 4.1 Energy use in commercial and institutional plants: general importance of branches (all stationary fuel use); distribution of the consumption of kerosene and heavy fuel oil for stationary use between branches.

NACE Revision 1 group

45 Construction

50 Sale, maintenance and repair of motor vehicles

51 Wholesale trade and commission trade

52 Retail trade

55 Hotels and restaurants

60 Land transport

61 Water transport

62 Air transport

63 Supporting and auxiliary transport activities

64 Post and telecommunications


66 Insurance and pension funding

67 Activities auxiliary to financial intermediation

70 Real estate activities

71 Renting of machinery and equipment

72 Computer and related activities

73 Research and development

74 Other business activities

75 Public administration and defence

80 Education

85 Health and social work

90 Sewage and refuse disposal

91 Activities of membership organisations

92 Recreational, cultural and sporting activities

93 Other service activities

* The survey data have been generalised

General

importance

XX

XXX

XX

XX

XX

X

X

X

X

X

XX

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

XXX

XX

XXX

XXX

XX

X

X

and extrapo

Distribution of consumption (%)

Kerosene

National accounts

0

1.1

3.3

1.1

0.0

12.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

35.9

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

3.3

30.4

0.0

0.0

12.0

1.1

ated.

Survey data*

8.6

48.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.4

0.0

2.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

1.8

4.1

8.7

17.6

0.0

0.3

3.9

4.3

Heavy oil

National Survey accounts data*

0.0

0.0

0.6

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

91.0**

0.0

6.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

2.4

0.0

17.7

0.0

0.0

0.4

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

81.9

'* This figure is due to an error in the national accounts.

= Very little importance, χ = Some importance, xx = Important, xxx = Very important

-27- NOSE Manual


Transport

4.14 Transport occurs in almost every branch, but the transport branches and private households are most important. Road transport is reported under NOSE-P 201 (SNAP 07) with a further technology split. Other mobile sources and machinery are reported under NOSE-P 202 (SNAP 08). For machinery, a rough split into agriculture, forestry, industry and household and gardening is given in CORINAIR.

4.15 There are several energy commodities relevant for transport, the most important being petrol, kerosene, diesel, gas oil and heavy fuel oil.

NOSE-P 201 (SNAP 07)

4.16 Various techniques may be used to distribute the emissions, or most favourable, a combination of techniques.

4.17 Petrol consumption: a physical account of petrol use should be made by combining survey data and calculations from the level of activity.

4.18 Manufacturing industries: Statistics Norway makes calculations from survey data, but such data are not likely to be available in all countries. If a full set of survey data not is available, calculations may be performed on the basis of consumption per employee in similar branches. It is possible that small amounts of petrol are used for non-road purposes in these branches. This may usually be neglected if data not is available.

4.19 Agriculture and forestry: in Norway consumption data are based on surveys. If surveys on energy use in physical units not are available, expenditures often are. Calculations may also be based on activity statistics combined with specific consumption factors; kilometres driven by car, amount of timber produced etc. A fraction of the petrol used in this branch will be used in motorised tools. About 15% of the petrol is used for non-road purposes in agriculture in Norway. For forestry it is assumed that everything is used off-road. The amount used off-road should be subtracted as the corresponding emissions are reported under NOSE-P 201 (SNAP 08).

4.20 Construction: the petrol consumption is best determined in surveys. Generalisations may be made from the yearly variations in the number of employees. The consumption may also be calculated, if relevant activity data and corresponding specific consumption factors are available. Petrol in this branch may be used for both tools and transport. Norwegian survey data indicates that about 1 % is used in tools.

4.21 Service branches, except road transport branches: surveys of fuel use in the service branches are often not available, and they are expensive to perform as there is a large number of small units. If surveys are partly available generalisations may be made based on the energy use per employee in similar branches. Norwegian data show a variation of 0.1-1 tonne per employee, branch 55 and 90 being in the lower end of the scale and 50 and 64 at the upper end. Activity data, the annual mileage, are not likely to be available, but will be very useful for calculating the consumption if they are.

4.22 Road transport branches (in NACE 60): calculations should be activity based and made for all types of vehicles used in the various activities in these branches. Calculation example based on Norwegian data: The average fuel consumption is derived from the type of cars used, ranging from 0.085 to 0.2 l/km. The annual mileage is taken from surveys for taxis (62 400 km), but is estimated for the remaining. The number of vehicles is taken from the Norwegian car register. The calculation is shown in Table 4.2.

NOSE Manual -28-


Table 4.2 Calculation of petrol consumption in branch 60.2

Scheduled driving

Taxis

Cars for rent, passenger

Cars for rent, other

Consumption (l/km)

0.120

0.100

0.085

0.200

Annual mileage (1000 km)

13.0

62.4

20.0

20.0

Number of cars (1000)

0.4

2.3

6.4

0.7

Calculated consumption (1000 tonnes)

0.4

10.8

8.0

2.1

4.23 Household branch: annual mileage driven is a parameter generally available. 13 700 km is used in Norway. The specific fuel consumption will depend on the vehicle fleet (age, average size); a factor of 0.085 l/km is used in Norway. The number of vehicles is generally available. Input models to CORINAIR, like COPERT, should be used to determine these parameters. The result has been tested against a consumer survey asking for the consumption and expenditures of petrol as well as a residual calculation. The results of all methods are in excellent agreement.

4.24 Data from the national accounts input-output tables on expenditures for energy use may very well be used in this case. All branches pay about the same price for petrol, except maybe some large transport companies.

4.25 A comparison between the two methods of distributing petrol between branches is given in Table 4.3. The methodologies give very similar results.

4.26 It is a reasonable assumption that the emissions in each NOSE-P heading 201.01-201.03 + 201.06 (SNAP 07 01-07 03 + 07 06) originating from use of petrol are distributed between branches according to the petrol consumption (subtracted petrol used for motorcycles and mopeds - see next paragraph). Some petrol is used for other purposes than road traffic, but this causes only minor problems. It may also be assumed that all branches use vehicles with the same technology. This is probably not quite true, but a reasonable approximation as data on the age and type of cars in the various branches probably are not available. Hence, the fuel use may be the key to distribute also the emissions.

4.27 Emissions in the NOSE-P headings 201.04 and 201.05 (SNAP 07 04 and 07 05) (mopeds and motorcycles) may be allocated to private households only, if data on use in other branches (eg used by the police) can not be obtained.

-29- NOSE Manual


Table 4.3 Consumption of petrol for road transport: allocation to NACE branches using survey data/calculations and data from the national accounts input-output tables.

01 Agriculture

02 Forestry 05 Fishing

10 Mining of coal and lignite

11 Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas 12 Mining of uranium and thorium ores 13 Mining of metal ores

14 Other mining and quarrying 15 Manufacture of food products and beverages 16 Manufacture of tobacco products 17 Manufacture of textiles 18 Manufacture of wearing apparel, dressing and dyeing of fur 19 Tanning and dressing of leather

20 Manufacture of wood and products of wood 21 Manufacture of pulp, paper and paper products 22 Publishing, printing and reproduction of recorded media 23 Manufacture of coke, refined petroleum products and nuclear fuel 24 Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products 25 Manufacture of rubber and plastic products 26 Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products 27 Manufacture of basic metals 28 Manufacture of fabricated metal products 29 Manufacture of machinery and equipment 30 Manufacture of office machinery and computers 31 Manufacture of electrical machinery 32 Manufacture of radio, television etc. 33 Manufacture of medical and optical instruments 34 Manufacture of motor vehicles

35 Manufacture of other transport equipment 36 Manufacture of furniture and other miscellaneous products 37 Recycling

Survey data

0.7

0.1 0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0 0.2

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0 0.0

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

National accounts

0.9

0.1 0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0 0.2

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0 0.0

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.0

36 Manufacture of furniture and other miscellaneous products 37 Recycling 40 Electricity, gas, steam and hot water supply 41 Collection, purification and distribution of water 45 Construction

50 Sale, maintenance and repair of motor vehicles 51 Wholesale trade and commission trade 52 Retail trade 55 Hotels and restaurants

60 Land transport 61 Water transport 62 Air transport

63 Supporting and auxiliary transport activities 64 Post and telecommunications


66 Insurance and pension funding

67 Activities auxiliary to financial intermediation 70 Real estate activities

71 Renting of machinery and equipment 72 Computer and related activities

73 Research and development 74 Other business activities

75 Public administration and defence 80 Education

85 Health and social work

90 Sewage and refuse disposal

91 Activities of membership organisations 92 Recreational, cultural and sporting activities 93 Other service activities

Private households

Survey data

0.0

0.0 0.2

0.0

0.7

12.2

1.3 0.0 0.0

0.2

2.1

0.8

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0 0.6

0.2

0.4

0.8

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.6

78.3

National accounts

0.0

0.0 0.2

0.0

1.7

1.1

4.7

1.9 0.5

2.0 0.0 0.0

1.2

1.4

0.3

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.0 1.8

0.3

0.4

0.7

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.2

78.6

NOSE Manual -30-


Diesel consumption

4.28 A physical account of diesel use should be made by combining survey data and calculations from the level of activity.

4.29 Manufacturing industries: it is recommended to make calculations from survey data. If a full set of survey data are not available, calculations may be performed on the basis of consumption per employee in similar branches. In some branches diesel will be used in motorised tools and not for road traffic. This amount should be subtracted consistently with the calculations and branch distribution of emissions from these tools. Important branches are mining and parts of mineral production.

4.30 Agriculture and forestry: consumption data are in Norway based on surveys. If surveys on energy use in physical units are not available, expenditures often are. Calculations may also be based on activity statistics combined with specific consumption factors, if available: hours of use of various equipment, miles driven by car, amount of timber produced etc.

An example: 4 I diesel is needed to harvest and transport 1 m3 timber with modern equipment. About 4 750 thousand m3 are produced in this way yearly. This gives a consumption of 15 960 tonnes diesel for producing timber.

The amount used off-road should be subtracted consistently with the emission calculation for off-road sources. If data are not available, it may be assumed that ail diesel in agriculture and forestry is used off-road. These emissions are reported under NOSE-P 202 (SNAP 08).

4.31 Construction: the diesel consumption is best determined in surveys. Generalisations may be made from the yearly variations in the number of employees or the building activity. If activity data and specific consumption factors are available, the consumption may be calculated. Diesel in this branch may be used for both tools and transport. Norwegian survey data indicates that about 60 % is used in tools. This amount should be subtracted as the corresponding emissions are reported under under NOSE-P 202 (SNAP 08).

4.32 Service branches except road transport branches: surveys of fuel use in the service branches are often not available, and they are resource demanding as there is a large number of small units. If surveys are partly available, generalisations may be made based on the energy use per employee in similar branches. Activity data, the annual mileage, are not likely to be available, but will be very useful for calculating the consumption if they are.

4.33 Road transport branches (in NACE 60): calculations should be made for all types of vehicles used in the various activities in these branches. The average fuel consumption is derived from the type of cars used. Input models to CORINAIR, like COPERT, should be used to determine these parameters. The annual mileage is taken from surveys for taxis (62 300 km), but is estimated for the remaining. The number of vehicles is taken from the Norwegian car register. The calculation is shown in Table 4.4. The consumption for land transport (the main part of this branch) is determined as a residual from the known total and estimated consumption in all other branches. This is justified by being the far largest consumer group of road diesel.

Table 4.4 Calculation of diesel consumption in branch 60.2

Scheduled driving

Taxis

Road transport**

Consumption (l/km)

0.34

0.11

Annual mileage (1000 km)

338 000*

62.3

Number of vehicles (1000)

-

3.638

Calculated consumption (1000 tonnes)

120

21

672

* Total mileage, passenger only. An estimate of fuel use in scheduled goods transport is added.

** Calculated as a residual

-31- NOSE Manual


4.34 Household branch: Annual mileage driven is generally longer than for petrol cars. 16 700 km is estimated for the Norwegian fleet. The fuel consumption will depend on the vehicle fleet (age, average size); a factor of 0.059 l/km is used in Norway. The number of passenger cars is generally available, but has to be corrected for cars used in other branches. Input models to CORINAIR, like COPERT, should be used to determine these parameters. The result has been tested against a consumer survey asking for the consumption and expenditures of diesel. As the results were not in agreement, the assumptions in the calculation methodology will be revised soon.

4.35 Data from the national accounts input-output tables on expenditures for energy use may very well be used in this case. In Norway, however, diesel for road traffic is accounted together with stationary fuel oil, and this methodology cannot be used. All branches pay about the same price for diesel, except maybe some large transport companies.

4.36 The emissions in each NOSE-P heading 201.01-201.03 + 201.06 (SNAP 07 01-07 03 + 07 06) originating from use of diesel may be distributed between branches according to the diesel consumption. This is, however, not quite accurate as some branches will have more heavy duty cars than others (the emission factors are different for light and heavy vehicles). Correction should consequently be made if data are available. The age of the vehicle fleet is less important than for petrol vehicles.

4.37 A large fraction of diesel is used for other purposes than road traffic and should be subtracted consistently with NOSE-P 202.05 (SNAP 08 06-08 10).

NOSE-P 202 (SNAP 08)

4.38 Military and railway are directly related to an economic branch.

4.39 Inland waterways and Maritime activities (NOSE-P 202.02 and 202.03; SNAP 08 03 and 08 04): Most of the emissions will take place in branch 61 (inland and coastal water transport) and fishing (branch 05). However, some emissions will also take place in NACE 63 (auxiliary transport activities), 75 (defence), 11 (oil and gas extraction), households and all other branches with own transport by ships. The extent of own transport will vary from country to country. Generalisations cannot be recommended, and the distribution should be made from survey data or National Account input-output table expenditure data if specified sufficiently. However another definition of domestic sea traffic is used in the national accounts input-output tables compared to emission inventories. Petrol, gas oil, diesel and heavy fuel oils are used.

4.40 Air traffic (NOSE-P 202.04; SNAP 08 05): Most of the emissions will take place in branch 62 (air transport). However, some emissions will also take place in NACE 63 (auxiliary transport activities), 75 (defence), 11 (oil and gas extraction) and all other branches with own transport by planes or helicopters. Generalisations cannot be made, and the distribution should be made from survey data or national accounts input-output table expenditure data (if specified sufficiently). Kerosene and small amounts of petrol are used.

4.41 Machinery (NOSE-P 202.05; SNAP 08 06-08 10): For machinery, a split into agriculture, forestry, industry, household and gardening and other is given in SNAP.

4.42 Agriculture and forestry are directly related to NACE.

4.43 Industry (probably including construction) needs a split. The consumption for off-road use may be determined in surveys or calculated. Determinations in surveys tend to underestimate the consumption, as all branches not are covered. Calculations from the number of units of equipment often tend to overestimate the consumption as the time in use is very uncertain. Only consumption of diesel has to be considered. Surveys in Statistics Norway indicate that the branches 13 (mining of metals), 14 (other mining), 26 (production of mineral products) and 45 (construction) have high consumption of diesel for off-road use, but all branches have unfortunately not been investigated.

4.44 Household and gardening will need a split into households, 01 (maintenance of parks) and 90 (road cleaning/blowing of snow). The consumption for off-road use may be determined in surveys or be calculated. If data are not available, all petrol should be allocated to the household branch and all diesel to branch 90.

NOSE Manual -32-


Solvents and other product use

4.45 NOSE-P 107 (SNAP 06) consists of sources referring to a branch, a process and/or use of a specific product. This structure causes some problems because it is not possible to add the emissions and get a total for processes, branches or products. Generally a top down methodology will give very good results for emissions related to product use. However, branch information is often lost in this way. Surveys in certain important branches are of course valuable, but surveys are not suited for giving an overview as there often are several small consumer groups adding up to a significant total. National accounts input-output table expenditure data gives information on use of products in branches, but the classification is often not detailed enough. Furthermore, the data are probably not very exact for several of the commodities. Table 4.5 gives an overview of the classification of relevant commodities in the Norwegian national accounts input-output tables. Furthermore, the national accounts input-output tables do not tell whether the paint used is water based or organic solvent based or whether the industries have technical installations to reduce the emissions.

Table 4.5 Directly emission generating products (other than fuels) specified in the Norwegian national accounts input-output tables.

159210 Ethanol

232003 Raw petrol, white spirits and other distillates

241410 Hydrocarbons and dérivâtes

241420 Alcohols and dérivâtes

241460 Ethers, proxides, oxides and miscellaneous

242010 Desinfection agents

243010 Paint and varnishes

243021 Sparchel and putty

243023 Inks and artistic colours

244210 Pharmaceutical products

245210 Cosmetics

246210 Glue

246632 Defreezers

246640 Other chemical products

4.46 Paint application (NOSE-P 107.01; SNAP 06 01): NOSE-P 107.01 to 107.07 (SNAP 06 0101 to 06 0107) may unambiguously be allocated to an economic branch. NOSE-P 107.08 (SNAP 06 01 08) is "Other industrial paint application" while NOSE-P 107.09 (SNAP 06 01 09) is "Other non-industrial paint application". The emissions here may take place in several branches, though the most important are covered under NOSE-P 107.01 to 107.07 (SNAP 06 0101 to 06 01 07). National accounts input-output table expenditures may be used for the distribution. If data are not available, it may be assumed that all important emissions are covered under NOSE-P 107.01 to 107.07 (SNAP 06 01 01 to 06 01 07).

4.47 Degreasing, dry cleaning and electronics (NOSE-P 107.02; SNAP 06 02): NOSE-P 107.02.01-03 (SNAP 06 02 01-03) may be allocated directly to branches. NOSE-P 107.02.04 (SNAP 06 02 04) "Other industrial cleaning": this activity may take place in several branches. Data in the national accounts input-output tables (Table 4.5) are not likely to be detailed enough to give this distribution. Data may best be determined from trade organisations or product registers of hazardous substances that exist in some countries. Surveys should include solvents likely to be used for cleaning, subtracting other applications. The use of many such solvents is regulated and under rapid change. It is consequently impossible to make generalisations from year to year or between countries (eg consumption factors per employee).

-33- NOSE Manual


4.48 Chemical products manufacturing or processing (NOSE-P 107.03; SNAP 06 03): all codes (except NOSE-P 107.03.99; SNAP 06 03 14 "Other") refer to specific industrial processes that may be allocated unambiguously to an economic branch.

4.49 Other use of solvent and related activities (NOSE-P 107.04; SNAP 06 04): NOSE-P 107.04.01-04 and 107.04.06-11 (SNAP 06 04 01-04 and 06 04 06-11) may be unambiguously connected to an economic branch. NOSE-P 107.04.05 (SNAP 06 04 05) "Application of glues and adhesives" may in principle take place in all branches. Data from the national accounts input-output tables may be used for this distribution, if specified sufficiently. NOSE-P 107.04.12 (SNAP 06 04 12) "Other..." cannot be distributed without knowledge of what is actually reported there.

4.50 Use of N20 (NOSE-P 107.05; SNAP 06 05): NOSE-P 107.05.01 (SNAP 06 05 01) "Use of N20 for anaesthesia" will take place in one branch. NOSE-P 107.05.02 (SNAP 06 05 02) "Other use of N20": this mainly consists of nitrous oxide used as an aerosol propellant. An exact distribution between branches is laborious to calculate. If no data exist, all emissions should be allocated to the household branch.

Other

4.51 Waste incineration (NOSE-P 109.01; SNAP 09 02): 09 0202 "Incineration of industrial wastes..." is the only activity that may take place in several branches. The distribution should be made from exact data (surveys, registers of permits etc.) as generalisation cannot be recommended.

4.52 Orner wasre treatment (NOSE-P 109.04; SNAP 09 10): NOSE-P 109.04.01 (SNAP 091001) "Waste water treatment in industry" may take place in several branches. The distribution should be made from exact data (surveys, registers of permits etc.) as generalisation cannot be recommended. NOSE-P 109.04.02 (SNAP 09 10 02) "Waste water treatment in residential/commercial sectors": if better data not are available, it may be assumed that the activity takes place in branch 90.

4.53 Use of pesticides in agriculture and forestry (NOSE-P 110.06; SNAP 10 06) emissions (consumption) should be distributed between agriculture and forestry. Often only the total sale is available. Direct surveys of the consumers or trade organisations may give the distribution between agriculture and forestry. If data are not available all emissions should be allocated to agriculture.

NOSE Manual -34-

Business registers and statistical units

5 BUSINESS REGISTERS AND STATISTICAL UNITS

Business registers

5.01 All Member States of the Community maintain statistical business registers. In this context, a statistical business register is defined as

a list, used for statistical purposes, of enterprises, other organisations or units whose activities contribute to the domestic product of the Member State by the exercise of control over the use of resources, including land and buildings, capital goods, goods and services purchased on current account, and labour. Control is exercised to produce goods and services for use within the organisation or sold on the market or provided free of charge to consumers. The organisation may incur liabilities and own assets. The annual accounts for its activities are generally but not invariably available.

5.02 In 1993, the Council adopted a Regulation1 which sets out the minimum standards for harmonized statistical business registers. This is intended to supplement other legal instruments aimed at harmonizing EU business statistics, including the NACE Regulation (see Chapter 6) and the Regulation on statistical units (see §5.09ff).

5.03 The conceptual model of the information for registers implicitly defined by the Community Regulation on the harmonisation of the development of national business registers for statistical purposes is very simple. It explicitly comprises three units: the enterprise, the local unit and the legal unit (see Figure 5.1).

5.04 Statistical business registers are not necessarily intended as databases for storing all information collected from enterprises, but they play an important role in linking statistical and administrative data for clearly defined units, and, once constructed, they provide a cost-effective foundation for constructing consistent databases for other purposes, such as environmental data from enterprises.

5.05 Guidelines for the practical implementation of statistical business registers have been published (Eurostat 1996a). The information in this chapter is taken from this publication, but for detailed information it is essential to consult the original publication.

5.06 Council Regulation 2186/93 specifies that each EU Member States should set up and maintain a statistical business register containing, as a minimum, the information shown in Table 5.1. In this scheme, "activity" refers to the NACE code (see Chapter 6) and size variables may include employment, turnover or (in special cases) net assets.

5.07 The minimal business register described above provides the basic information needed to set up an emission database for recording emissions for installations, with identification information and NACE coding for enterprises and local units. The maintenance procedures for the statistical business register will ensure that the basic information is kept up to date, so long as the emissions database remains linked to the main business register.

5.08 Some Member States already make much more extensive use of registers for data on enterprises. These data may include inputs (energy use, labour) and outputs (production) with regular updating on an annual or even quarterly cycle. The existence of such registers opens up several possibilities for the estimation of emissions, including the extrapolation of information obtained from a subset of installations or for the estimation of missing data (for some detailed examples, see Statistics Sweden 1997). In future, national emissions registers might be set up and maintained in the same overall framework as other business registers, with advantages in terms of reduced costs and reduced burden on enterprises.

1 Council Regulation (EEC) N° 2186/93 of 22 July 1993 on Community coordination in drawing up business registers for statistical purposes. OJ L196, 5.8.1993, p1.

-35- NOSE Manual


Table 5.1 Minimum set of variables to be included in a statistical business register under Council Regulation 2186/93

Identification variables

Identity number + external identity numbers State (situation) Name Legal form Address Stratification variables

Activity Size Institutional sector Demographic variables

Date of creation Date of incorporation in the register Date of elimination from the register Relationship variables

Date of creation of the relationship Date of termination of the relationship Description

Legal unit

(X) X X X (X)

X X X (1)

X X X

Enterprise

X

X (X)

(X)

X X X

X X X (2)

X X X

Local unit

X (X) X (X)

X

X X

X X X (3)

X X X

(1) Control links between legal units (2) Links between the enterprise and the legal unit(s) on which it is dependent (3) Links between the enterprise and its dependent local units X = obligatory information (X) = optional information

controls

Figure 5.1 Conceptual model for information in statistical business registers

NOSE Manual -36-


Statistical units

5.09 Standard definitions for statistical units are laid down in Council Regulation 696/931. These definitions are to be used to identify production units for the purposes of collecting, publishing and analyzing statistical data on the production system. This Regulation also provides detailed guidelines for the practical application of the definitions.

5.10 In practice, emissions permits are issued, and emissions recorded, for physical installations. In statistical terms, an installation corresponds to a local unit or a local kind-of-activity unit (local KAU). The following definitions are taken from Regulation 696/93, Annex, Section III:

• a local unit is an enterprise or part thereof (eg a workshop, factory, warehouse, office, mine or depot) situated in a geographically defined place;

• a local KAU is the part of a KAU which corresponds to a local unit. A KAU groups all the parts of an enterprise contributing to the performance of an activity at class level (4-digit) of NACE Rev. 1 and corresponds to one or more operational subdivisions of the enterprise. The enterprise's information system must be capable of indicating or calculating for each KAU at least the value of production, intermediate consumption, manpower costs, the operating surplus and employment and gross fixed capital formation.

5.11 In some circumstances, the local KAU is a smaller unit than a local unit or installation, since an installation may include within its physical boundaries more than one NACE activity (at the class level). The use of local KAUs will therefore give more precise economic information and might in theory relate more precisely to the pattern of emissions. In practice, however, it will probably be necessary to assume that installations are equivalent to local units, since the subdivision of installations into local KAUs may make unreasonable demands on the accounting systems of enterprises.

5.12 Information on the statistical units actually used by Member States for recording emissions was not available in the compilation of this manual.

Territorial definition

5.13 National accounts define the economy in terms of "resident units", as defined in the ESA 1995, §1.30 (Eurostat 1996b). Since resident units may have activities outside the national territory, they may be responsible for emissions outside the national territory. Conversely, emissions within the national territory may result from activities which are, in national accounting terms, part of the economy of another country. For certain types of emission-generating processes, this can lead to divergence between emissions defined on a territorial basis, as is the case with CORINAIR and with many national emission inventories, and emissions defined as part of satellite accounts to the national accounts, where the concept of resident units is applied.

5.14 When emission data are structured according to NOSE principles, it is recommended that emissions attributed to resident units should be split between emissions generated on the national territory and emissions generated outside the national territory, if these exist. In addition, data on emissions within the national territory from the activities of resident units should, whenever possible, be completed by data on emissions from the activities of non-resident units operating within the country. In practice, this issue is likely to be important mainly for emissions from transport.

1 Council Regulation (EEC) N° 696/93 of 15 March 1993 on the statistical units for the observation and analysis of the production system in the Community. OJ L76, 30.3.1993, p1.

-37- NOSE Manual

The use of NACE within NOSE

6 THE USE OF NACE WITHIN NOSE

6.01 The NOSE system includes NACE as the nomenclature for economic activities. This chapter gives recommendations for the use of NOSE in the following situations:

• reporting of emissions by installations

• presentation and analysis of emissions data.

Reporting of emissions by installations

6.02 When emissions are recorded for an installation, the 4-digit NACE code should be used. This is in principle the same code used in the statistical business register for the principle activity of the local unit which corresponds to the installation. The definition of a local unit is given in Chapter 5.

6.03 This NACE code defines the industry branch to which the local unit belongs, for the purpose of statistical data collection from local units, and for the aggregation of such data by branch. It is therefore appropriate to maintain this coding when emissions are recorded for such a local unit, and the full coding information should be stored in the emissions database.

Presentation and analysis of emission data

6.04 For the purpose of presenting or analyzing emissions in relation to economic activities, for the whole economy, it is proposed to use the classification of economic activities and household consumption in Table 6.1. This is a slightly amended version of the classification originally proposed by Eurostat in 1995 for use in the compilation of pilot NAMEAs by Member States. It is very similar to the standard branch classification used for input-output tables (Eurostat 1996b). It is based on the 2-digit (division) level of NACE Rev 1, with the following exceptions:

• NACE Groups 26.5, 27.1, 27.4, 40.1, 40.2, 40.3, 60.1, 60.2, 60.3, 61.1 and 61.2 are separated because of their importance as emission sources. Other Groups might also need to be separated;

• NACE Sections G, J and K are not broken down, since it is expected that these branches will be less important as emissions sources. It might in future be useful to break down Section G in order to separate out the transport-related activities in Division 50.

• It is extended with codes for final consumption by households, with a breakdown by transport, heating and other final consumption.

6.05 If the emissions database contains data on local units identified to the 4-digit NACE level, it will also be possible to obtain a breakdown of emissions within a branch at this level of detail. Such a breakdown could be useful for some purposes, although it would be too detailed for analysis directed at the whole economy.

6.06 Figure 6.1 illustrates the typical distribution of emission-generating processes across NACE branches.

-39- NOSE Manual


Table 6.1 Proposed classification of economic activities and final consumption by households, based on NACE Rev 1

NACE Rev 1

Section

A

Β

C

D

Division/ Group

01

02

05

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

26.5

27

27.1

27.4

28

29

30

Description

Agriculture, hunting and forestry

Agriculture, hunting and related service activities

Forestry, logging and related service activities

Fishing

Fishing, operation offish hatcheries and fish farms; service activities incidental to fishing

Mining and quarrying

Mining of coal and lignite; extraction of peat

Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas; service activities related to oil and gas extraction

Mining of uranium and thorium ores

Mining of metal ores

Other mining and quarrying

Manufacturing

Manufacture of food products and beverages

Manufacture of tobacco products

Manufacture of textiles

Manufacture of wearing apparel; dressing and dyeing of fur

Tanning and dressing of leather; manufacture of luggage, handbags, saddlery, harness and footwear

Manufacture of wood and of products of wood and cork, except furniture....

Manufacture of pulp, paper and paper products

Publishing, printing and reproduction of recorded media

Manufacture of coke, refined petroleum products and nuclear fuel

Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products

Manufacture of rubber and plastic products

Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products

Manufacture of cement, lime and plaster

Manufacture of basic metals

Manufacture of basic iron and steel and of ferro-alloys (as defined in the Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community)

Manufacture of basic precious and non-ferrous metals

Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment

Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c.

Manufacture of office machinery and computers

Proposed classification

01

02

05

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

26.5

27

27.1

27.4

28

29

30

NOSE Manual -40-


NACE Rev 1

Section

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

Division/ Group

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

40

41

45

55

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

70

40.1

40.2

40.3

60.1

60.2

60.3

61.1

61.2

Description

Manufacture of electrical machinery and apparatus n.e.c.

Manufacture of radio, television and communication equipment and apparatus

Manufacture of medical, precision and optical instruments, watches and clocks

Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers

Manufacture of other transport equipment

Manufacture of furniture; manufacturing n.e.c.

Recycling

Electricity, gas, steam and hot water supply

Electricity, gas, steam and hot water supply

Production, collection and distribution of electricity

Manufacture of gas; distribution of gaseous fuels through mains

Steam and hot water supply

Collection, purification and distribution of water

Construction

Construction

Wholesale and retail trade; repairs of motor vehicles, motorcycles and personal and household goods

Hotels and restaurants

Hotels and restaurants

Transport, storage and communication

Land transport; transport via pipelines

Transport via railways

Other land transport

Transport via pipelines

Water transport

Sea and coastal water transport

Inland water transport

Air transport

Supporting and auxilliary transport activities; activities of travel agencies

Post and telecommunications

Financial intermediation

Financial intermediation, except insurance and pension funding

Insurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security

Activities auxiliary to financial intermediation

Real estate, renting and business activities

Real estate activities


31

32

33

34

35

36

37

40

41

45

G

55

60

61

62

63

64

J

K

40.1

40.2

40.3

60.1

60.2

60.3

61.1

61.2

-41- NOSE Manual


NACE Rev 1

Section

L

M

N

O

Ρ

Q

Division/ Group

71

72

73

74

75

80

85

90

91

92

93

95

99

Description

Renting of machinery and equipment without operator and of personal and household goods

Computer and related activities

Research and development

Other business activities

Public administration and defence; compulsory social security

Public administration and defence; compulsory social security

Education

Education

Health and social work

Health and social work

Other community social and personal service activities

Sewage and refuse disposal, sanitation and similar activities

Activities of membership organization n.e.c.

Recreational, cultural and sporting activities

Other service activities

Private households with employed persons

Private households with employed persons

Extra-territorial organizations and bodies

Extra-territorial organizations and bodies

Household consumption

Household consumption

Household consumption for transport

Household consumption for heating

Household consumption n.e.c.


75

80

85

90

91

92

93

in 100

99

100

100.1

100.2

100.3

NOSE Manual -42-

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NOSE-P

101

of which

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

201

202

of which

301

NACE Branches

01-

03

10-14

15-20

21 22 23-26

27 28-

36 37

101.01

202.01

202.03

202.04

40 41 45 50-52

55 60 61 62 63-64

65-74

75-85

90 91-99

(100)

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Issues and recommendations

7 ISSUES AND RECOMMENDATIONS

7.01 Since the need for a new common framework for structuring emission data was first discussed by DG XI, Eurostat and the EEA in 1995, there has been growing acceptance of many of the principles of NOSE as described in the present manual. In particular, the need to take account of the existing classification of economic units by NACE is now seen as crucial for the useability of emission data by policy makers.

7.02 The NOSE Process List presented here is the result of a pragmatic compromise between the wish to have a consistently structured list of emission-generating processes, and the requirements both for simplicity and for a reasonable level of continuity with existing emission inventories, especially CORINAIR. This first version of the NOSE Process List is certainly an adequate operational tool, which can be put to use immediately in testing the development of emissions databases covering emissions to water and land as well as air. However, there are a number of issues where further work could be useful:

• the original intention was to structure the process list by the technical characteristics of the process. For practical reasons, many processes are ordered according to the industry branch in which they typically occur. Although this works reasonably well in practice, there is some overlap between the types of processes found in different industry branches, and it may be desirable to separate out a larger number of processes purely on common technical characteristics, as has already been done, for example, with drying processes (104.01.03) and paint application (107.01).

• additional waste-generating processes need to be integrated into the process list.

• the present list of processes is not complete, and is also less detailed overall than was originally envisaged. The reduced level of detail reflects the opinion of the NOSE Task Force that it was not necessary to codify separely all identifiable stages within a manufacturing operation, even if information on these separate processes was used to estimate emissions. However, it would now be useful to review the whole list in order to ensure that the most important processes within each industrial branch are visible in the NOSE Process List, while perhaps eliminating some excessive detail for some branches. In addition, the treatment of the residual category headings ("other processes...") needs to be made more consistent. The coding scheme for the headings was designed to facilitate modifications.

7.03 It is to be expected that the NOSE Process List will evolve over time, not only by taking on board the changes mentioned above, but also in réponse to the need to cover completely new processes, new industries and new pollutants. One of the ideas which emerged during the development of NOSE was that there is a need for a formal procedure to maintain the NOSE Process List and other nomenclatures used for emission data. Such a formal procedure would allow for the submission of proposals for changes, the expert review of such proposals, and the adoption, at regular intervals, of definitive revisions of the nomenclature. The formal maintenance of the nomenclature would also need to be linked to the publication of reference information, such as future editions of the Atmospheric emission inventory guidebook. Because of the wide variety of organizations and projects using these nomenclatures, the institutional arrangements for the formal maintenance procedure are complex and no specific proposal is made here. Nonetheless, it is evident that such a procedure would ensure that NOSE evolves to meet future needs, thereby helping to ensure that emission data can continue to be collected and structured in ways which meet the diverse needs of users.

-45- NOSE Manual

References

8 REFERENCES Berdowski, J.J.M. and P.F.J, van der Most (1994). Emission inventory in the Netherlands. Emissions to air and water in 1990. Summary. Publication series Emission inventory, No 16.

Bouscaren, R. (1994). Elaboration d'une nomenclature pour les inventaires intégrés d'émissions. CITEPA/280.

Briggs, D.J. (1993). An integrated emission inventory for Europe. Final report of a feasibility study on behalf of the European Environment Agency Task Force. Institute of Environmental and Policy Analysis, Research Report No. 93/1.

CEC (1994). Draft instrument for a Polluting Emissions Register, 6.4.94. Working document, DGXI.A.3

De Haan, M. and S.J. Keuning (1995). Taking the environment into account: the Netherlands NAMEAs for 1989, 1990 and 1991. Statistics Netherlands, National Accounts Occasional Papers N°74.

EEA (1996). Joint EMEP/CORINAIR atmospheric emission inventory guidebook.

Eurostat (1996a). Business registers for statistical purposes: methodological recommendations. Volume 1. Office for official publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg.

Eurostat (1996b). European System of Accounts (ESA 1995). Office for official publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg.

Hawthorn L.(1993). The link between SNAP 90 and NACE Rev 1: an examination of the correspondence between SNAP 90 and NACE Rev 1, and of the possibility of producing a presentational nomenclature compatible with both these nomenclatures. Eurostat internal document.

Mclnnes, G. (editor) (1996). Atmospheric emission inventory guidebook. European Environment Agency, Copenhagen.

Rainer, N. (1995). The revised system of international classifications. Eurostat working document, (originally published in German in Statistische Nachrichten, 1/1995, Austrian Central Statistical Office).

Statistics Norway (1996). Contributions to the development of NOSE by Statistics Norway. Eurostat Working Document NOSE/97/2.

Statistics Sweden (1997). Contributions to the development of NOSE by Statistics Sweden. Eurostat Working Document NOSE/97/5.

-47- NOSE Manual

Annex 1: Glossary

A N N E X 1 : G L O S S A R Y

5EAP

ACCOR

CITEPA

COPERT

CORINAIR

EEA

ESA

IAEA

IEI

IPPC

ISIC

KAU

NAMEA

PER

SNAP, SNAP94

European Community programme of policy and action in relation to the environment and sustainable development (5 t n Environmental Action Programme)

Proposed nomenclature for sources of emissions (CITEPA)

Centre Interprofessionnel Technique d'Etudes de la Pollution Atmosphérique (France)

Computer Program to calculate Emissions from Road Traffic (part of CORINAIR)

air emission inventory project managed by the EEA (originally part of the EU CORINE project)

European Environment Agency

European System of National and Regional Accounts (ESA 95)

International Atomic Energy Agency

Integrated Emission inventory

Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control

International Standard Industrial Classification of all economic activities

Kind-of-Activiry Unit

National Accounting Matrix including Environmental Accounts

Pollutant Emission Register

Selected Nomenclature for Air Pollution (1994 revision)

NOSE Manual -48-

Annex 2: NOSE Process List

ANNEX 2: NOSE PROCESS LIST

NOSE-P Process description SNAP94/other origin

101 Combustion processes (production of heat and electricity) 101.01 Combustion plants >= 300 MW (boilers) 101.02 Combustion plants >= 50 and < 300 MW (boilers) 101.03 Combustion plants < 50 MW (boilers) 101.04 Gasturbines 101.05 Stationary engines

104 Production processes in manufacturing industry, involving fuel combustion

104.01 General-purpose manufacturing processes 104.01.01 Other furnaces 104.01.02 Lime (including iron and steel and paper pulp industries) 104.01.03 Drying processes 104.04 Characteristic processes in the manufacture of textiles and textile products 104.05 Characteristic processes in the manufacture of leather and leather

products 104.06 Characteristic processes in the manufacture of wood and wood products 104.07 Characteristic processes in the maufacture of pulp, paper and paper

products, publishing and printing 104.07.01 Drying processes in paper mills 104.08 Characteristic processes in the manufacture of coke, refined petroleum

products and nuclear fuel 104.09 Characteristic processes in the manufacture of chemicals, chemical

products and man-made fibres 104.09.01 Enamel production 104.10 Characteristic processes in the manufacture of rubber and plastic products 104.11 Characteristic processes in the manufacture of other non-metallic mineral

products 104.11.01 Plaster furnaces 104.11.02 Cement 104.11.03 Concrete plants 104.11.04 Asphalt concrete plants 104.11.05 Flat glass 104.11.06 Container glass 104.11.07 Glass wool (except binding) 104.11.08 Other glass 104.11.09 Mineral wool (except binding) 104.11.10 Bricks and tiles 104.11.11 Brick furnaces 104.11.12 Fine ceramic materials 104.12 Characteristic processes in the manufacture of basic metals and fabricated

metal products 104.12.01 Blast furnace cowpers 104.12.02 Sinter plants 104.12.03 Reheating furnaces steel and iron 104.12.04 Gray iron foundries 104.12.05 Primary lead production 104.12.06 Primary zinc production 104.12.07 Primary copper production

01,02, 03 (part)

03 (part)

03 02 05 03 03 12 tEurostat

03 03 21

03 03 25

03 02 04 03 03 11 Î.FINLAND/ILMARI 03 03 13 03 03 14 03 03 15 03 03 16 03 03 17 03 03 18 03 03 19 tFINLAND/ILMARI 03 03 20

03 02 03 03 03 01 03 03 02 03 03 03 03 03 04 03 03 05 03 03 06

-49- NOSE Manual



104.12.08 Secondary lead production 104.12.09 Secondary zinc production 104.12.10 Secondary copper production 104.12.11 Secondary aluminium production 104.12.12 Alumina production 104.12.13 Alumina production 104.12.14 Magnesium production (dolomite treatment) 104.12.15 Nickel production (thermal process) 104.13 Characteristic processes in other manufacturing 104.14 Characteristic processes in recycling industries 104.15 Characteristic processes in collection, purification and distribution of water 104.16 Characteristic processes in construction

105 Production processes in manufacturing industry, not involving fuel combustion

105.01 General-purpose manufacturing processes 105.01.01 Cooling plants 105.01.02 Galvanizing 105.01.03 Electroplating 105.01.04 Wood preservation 105.01.05 Impregnation treatments (other than wood) 105.01.06 Pickling 105.01.07 Mechanical grinding 105.01.08 Drying processes 105.01.09 Stone crushing 105.01.10 Foam blowing (insulation and construction foam) 105.01.11 Laboratory processes 105.02 Characteristic processes in the mining and quarrying industry, except of

energy-producing materials 105.02.01 Extraction of mineral ores 105.02.02 Other (including asbestos production) 105.03 Characteristic processes in the manufacture of food products, beverages

and tobacco 105.03.01 Bread 105.03.02 Wine 105.03.03 Beer 105.03.04 Spirits 105.03.05 Use of ethanol in food and beverage industry 105.03.06 Alcohol production - distillation 105.03.07 Production and conditioning of wines , liquors and spirits. 105.03.08 Alsace wine 105.03.09 Beer industry 105.03.10 Production of juices of fruit for ciders and of ciders. 105.03.11 Production of grape juices 105.03.12 Production of juices of stone fruits (apricots, peaches, plums, cherries) 105.03.13 Production of tomatoe and red fruit juices 105.03.14 Production of gaseous waters and beverages with fruits excepted

nectars, including conditioning. 105.03.15 Mineral waters. 105.03.16 Sugar production from sugar beets - Sugar refinery 105.03.17 Canneries of vegetable origin products.

03 03 07 03 03 08 03 03 09 03 03 10 03 03 22 03 03 22 03 03 23 03 03 24

03,04

04 07 04 03 07 04 03 08 tCITEPA HM/POP ÍNORWAY Í S JFINLAND/ILMARI ^Eurostat tFINLAND/ILMARI ÍNORWAY tNORWAY

04 06 16 04 06 17

04 06 05 04 06 06 04 06 07 04 06 08 tCITEPA/ethanol tCITEPA/Water tCITEPA/Water ÍCITEPAAVater tCITEPA/Water tCITEPAAA/ater ÍCITEPA/Water ÍCITEPA/Water zbCITEPA/Water tCITEPA/Water

tCITEPA/Water tCITEPA/Water tCITEPA/Water

NOSE Manual -50-



105.03.18 Yeast industry 105.03.19 Industry of amyloid products. 105.03.20 Chicory, potatoes 105.03.21 Other food industry processes based on vegetable products 105.03.22 Dairy industry 105.03.23 Slaughterhouses 105.03.24 Rendering 105.03.25 Meat processing: 105.03.26 Fish processing 105.04 Characteristic processes in the manufacture of textiles and textile products 105.04.01 Textile finishing 105.04.02 Washing, degreasing and suint removing of wool 105.04.03 Artificial and synthetic fibres manufacture 105.04.04 Steeping of flax and hemp. 105.04.05 Bleaching operations 105.04.06 Printing and dyeing operations 105.04.07 Dessing operations 105.05 Characteristic processes in the manufacture of leather and leather

products 105.05.01 Leather tanning 105.05.02 Treatment of skins and leathers 105.06 Characteristic processes in the manufacture of wood and wood products 105.06.01 Chipboard 105.06.02 Plywood manufacturing 105.06.03 Wood processing 105.07 Characteristic processes in the maufacture of pulp, paper and paper

products, publishing and printing 105.07.01 Paper pulp (kraft process) 105.07.02 Paper pulp (acid sulfite process) 105.07.03 Paper pulp (Neutral Sulphite Semi-Chemical process) 105.07.04 Paper pulp (chips) 105.07.05 Paper processing 105.07.06 Lime sludge reburning kilns 105.07.07 Soda recovery boilers 105.07.08 Processing of waste paper and paperboard 105.07.09 Printing plate manufacturing 105.08 Characteristic processes in the manufacture of coke, refined petroleum

products and nuclear fuel 105.08.01 Petroleum products processing 105.08.02 Fluid catalytic cracking - CO boiler 105.08.03 Sulphur recovery plants 105.08.04 Storage and handling of petroleum produc. in refinery 105.08.05 Other 105.09 Characteristic processes in the manufacture of chemicals, chemical

products and man-made fibres 105.09.01 Sulfuric acid 105.09.02 Nitric acid 105.09.03 Ammonia 105.09.04 Ammonium sulphate 105.09.05 Ammonium nitrate

tCITEPA/Water tCITEPA/Water tCITEPA/Water tCITEPA/Water tCITEPA/Water t-CITEPA/Water tCITEPA/Water t-Eurostat tEurostat

t-CITEPA HM/POP tCITEPA/water t-CITEPA/water tCITEPA/water tCITEPA/water T-CITEPA/water tCITEPA/water

t-CITEPA HM/POP t-CITEPA/water

04 06 01 t-CITEPA HM/POP t-CITEPA/water

04 06 02 04 06 03 04 06 04 tEurostat tEurostat Î-FINLAND/ILMARI t-FINLAND/ILMARI t-CITEPA/water t-FINLAND/ILMARI

04 01 01 04 01 02 04 01 03 04 01 04 04 01 05

04 04 01 04 04 02 04 04 03 04 04 04 04 04 05

-51- NOSE Manual



105.09.06 Ammonium phosphate 105.09.07 NPK fertilisers 105.09.08 Urea 105.09.09 Carbon black 105.09.10 Titanium dioxide 105.09.11 Graphite 105.09.12 Calcium carbide production 105.09.13 Chlorine production 105.09.14 Phosphate fertilizers 105.09.15 Storage and handling of inorganic chemical prod. 105.09.16 Zn oxides production 105.09.17 Pigment manufacture (inorganic pigments) 105.09.18 Ethylene 105.09.19 Propylene 105.09.20 1,2 dichloroethane (except 105.09.22) 105.09.21 Vinylchloride (except 105.09.22) 105.09.22 1,2 dichloroethane + vinylchloride (balanced process) 105.09.23 Polyethylene Low Density 105.09.24 Polyethylene High Density 105.09.25 Polyvinylchloride 105.09.26 Polypropylene 105.09.27 Styrene 105.09.28 Polystyrene 105.09.29 Styrene butadiene 105.09.30 Styrene-butadiene latex 105.09.31 Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) 105.09.32 Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) resins 105.09.33 Ethylene oxide 105.09.34 Formaldehyde 105.09.35 Ethylbenzene 105.09.36 Phtalic anhydride 105.09.37 Acrylonitrile 105.09.38 Adipicacid 105.09.39 Storage and handling of organic chemical products 105.09.40 Glyoxylic acid 105.09.41 Halogenated hydrocarbons production 105.09.42 Pesticide production 105.09.43 Production of persistent organic compounds 105.09.44 Other (phytosanitary,...) 105.09.45 Solvent manufacturing 105.09.46 Lead alkyl manufacturing 105.09.47 Pigment manufacture (E111 organic pigments) 105.09.48 Use of benzene in chemical processes 105.09.49 Production of industrial ethanol 105.09.50 Use of ethanol in organic chemical manufacture 105.09.51 Pb oxides production (PbO) 105.09.52 Zn oxides production 105.09.53 Ureamelamine glue manufacturing 105.09.54 Urea glue manufacturing

04 04 06 04 04 07 04 04 08 04 04 09 04 04 10 04 04 11 04 04 12 04 04 13 04 04 14 04 04 15 tCITEPA HM/POP tCITEPA HM/POP 04 05 01 04 05 02 04 05 03 04 05 04 04 05 05 04 05 06 04 05 07 04 05 08 04 05 09 04 0510 04 05 11 04 05 12 04 05 13 04 05 14 04 05 15 04 05 16 04 05 17 04 05 18 04 0519 04 05 20 04 05 21 04 05 22 04 05 23 04 05 24 04 05 25 04 05 26 04 05 27 tCITEPA HM/POP tCITEPA HM/POP tCITEPA HM/POP tCITEPA/benzene tCITEPA/ethanol tClTEPA/ethanol tCITEPA HM/POP tCITEPA HM/POP tFINLAND/ILMARI tFINLAND/ILMARI

NOSE Manual -52-



105.09.55 Explosives 105.10 Characteristic processes in the manufacture of rubber and plastic products 105.11 Characteristic processes in the manufacture of other non-metallic mineral

products 105.11.01 Roof covering with asphalt materials 105.11.02 Cement (decarbonizing) 105.11.03 Glass (decarbonizing) 105.11.04 Lime (decarbonizing) 105.11.05 glass working 105.11.06 manufacture of textile glass 105.11.07 Manufacture of asbestos and asbestos-based products 105.12 Characteristic processes in the manufacture of basic metals and fabricated

metal products 105.12.01 Coke oven (door leakage and extinction) 105.12.02 Blast furnace charging 105.12.03 Pig iron tapping 105.12.04 Solid smokeless fuel 105.12.05 Open hearth furnace steel plant 105.12.06 Basic oxygen furnace steel plant 105.12.07 Electric furnace steel plant 105.12.08 Rolling mills 105.12.09 Sinter plant (except combustion 03.03.01) 105.12.10 Other 105.12.11 Aluminium production (electrolysis) 105.12.12 Ferroalloys 105.12.13 Silicium production 105.12.14 Magnesium production (except 104.12.14) 105.12.15 Nickel production (except 104.12.15) 105.12.16 Allied metal manufacturing 105.12.17 Other 105.12.18 Cu electrolytic refining 105.12.19 Zn hydrometallurgical construction 105.12.20 Pb oxides production 105.12.21 Distillation of light oils (coke production) 105.12.22 Post treatment of casts 105.13 Characteristic processes in other manufacturing 105.13.01 Batteries manufacturing 105.14 Characteristic processes in recycling industries 105.15 Characteristic processes in collection, purification and distribution of water 105.15.01 ozonation plants in drinking water production installations 105.15.02 industrial water treatment 105.16 Characteristic processes in construction 105.16.01 Road paving with asphalt

105.16.02 Sand-blasting of buildings and related operations

106 Processes specific to the extraction and distribution of fossil fuels and geothermal energy

106.01 Extraction and 1 st treatment of solid fossil fuels 106.01.01 Open cast mining 106.01.02 Underground mining

tEurostat

04 06 10 04 0612 04 06 13 04 06 14 tCITEPA/water tCITEPA/water tEurostat

04 02 01 04 02 02 04 02 03 04 02 04 04 02 05 04 02 06 04 02 07 04 02 08 04 02 09 04 02 10 04 03 01 04 03 02 04 03 03 04 03 04 04 03 05 04 03 06 04 03 09 tCITEPA HM/POP tCITEPA HM/POP tCITEPA HM/POP tCITEPA/benzene tFINLAND/ILMARI

04 0615

tCITEPA/ozone tCITEPA/ozone

04 06 11 (also in manufacturing)

tEurostat

05

05 01 05 01 01 05 01 02

-53- NOSE Manual



106.01.03 Storage of solid fuel 106.01.04 Peat extraction 106.01.05 Pumping out water ( eau d'exhaure) 106.01.06 Shower-bath installation 106.01.07 Coal buddies with efficient décantation of waste waters 106.01.08 Others buddies 106.02 Extraction, 1 st treatment and loading of liquid fossil fuels 106.02.01 Land-based activities 106.02.02 Off-shore activities 106.02.03 Oil drilling: exhaust emissions 106.03 Extraction, 1st treatment and loading of gaseous fossil fuels 106.03.01 Land-based desulfuraron 106.03.02 Land-based activities (other than desulfuration) 106.03.03 Off-shore activities 106.03.04 Oil drilling: exhaust emissions 106.03.05 Coal gas cleaning for its public distribution 106.03.06 Natural gas cleaning 106.04 Liquid fuel distribution (except gasoline distribution) 106.04.01 Marine terminals (tankers, handling and storage) 106.04.02 Other handling and storage (including pipeline) 106.05 Gasoline distribution 106.05.01 Refinery dispatch station 106.05.02 Transport and depots (except 05.05.03) 106.05.03 Service stations (including refuelling of cars) 106.06 Gas distribution networks 106.06.01 Pipelines 106.06.02 Distribution networks 106.07 Geothermal energy extraction

107 Processes involving use of solvents and other products 107.01 Paint application 107.01.01 Paint application : manufacture of automobiles 107.01.02 Paint application : car repairing 107.01.03 Paint application : construction and buildings (except 107.01.07) 107.01.04 Paint application : domestic use (except 107.01.07) 107.01.05 Paint application : coil coating 107.01.06 Paint application : boat building 107.01.07 Paint application : wood 107.01.08 Other industrial paint application 107.01.09 Other non industrial paint application 107.02 Degreasing, dry cleaning and electronics 107.02.01 Metal degreasing 107.02.02 Dry cleaning 107.02.03 Electronic components manufacturing 107.02.04 Other industrial cleaning 107.03 Chemical products manufacturing or processing 107.03.01 Polyester processing 107.03.02 Polyvinylchloride processing 107.03.03 Polyurethane processing 107.03.04 Polystyrene foam processing

05 01 03 tFINLANDA/vater tCITEPA/Water tCITEPA/Water tCITEPA/Water tCITEPA/Water 05 02 05 02 01 05 02 02 tNORWAY 05 03 05 03 01 05 03 02 05 03 03 tNORWAY tCITEPA/Water tCITEPA/Water 05 04 05 04 01 05 04 02 05 05 05 05 01 05 05 02 05 05 03 05 06 05 06 01 05 06 03 05 07

06 06 01 06 01 01 06 01 02 06 01 03 06 01 04 06 01 05 06 01 06 06 01 07 06 01 08 06 01 09 06 02 06 02 01 06 02 02 06 02 03 06 02 04 06 03 06 03 01 06 03 02 06 03 03 06 03 04

NOSE Manual -54-



107.03.05 Rubber processing 107.03.06 Pharmaceutical products manufacturing 107.03.07 Paints manufacturing 107.03.08 Inks manufacturing 107.03.09 Glues manufacturing 107.03.10 Asphalt blowing 107.03.11 Adhesive, magnetic tapes, films and photographs 107.03.12 Textile finishing 107.03.13 Leather tanning 107.03.14 Use of ethanol in chemical product manufacture 107.03.99 Other 107.04 Other use of solvents and related activities 107.04.01 Glass wool enduction 107.04.02 Mineral wool enduction 107.04.03 Printing industry 107.04.04 Fat, edible and non edible oil extraction 107.04.05 Application of glues and adhesives 107.04.06 Preservation of wood 107.04.07 Underseal treatment and conservation of vehicles 107.04.08 Domestic solvent use (other than paint application) 107.04.09 Vehicles dewaxing 107.04.10 Pharmaceutical products manufacturing 107.04.11 Domestic use of pharmaceutical products 107.04.12 Other (preservation of seeds,...) 107.04.13 Use of benzene as solvent 107.05 UseofN20 107.05.01 Use of N20 for anaesthesia 107.05.02 Other use of N20 107.06 Use of pesticides (other than agriculture and forestry)

108 Processes specific to the nuclear power industry 108.01 Pressurised water reactors (PWR) 108.02 Boiling water reactors (BWR) 108.03 Light-water-cooled, graphite-moderated reactors (LWGR) 108.04 Advanced gas-cooled reactors (AGR) 108.05 Gas-cooled (C02), graphite-moderated reactors (GCR) 108.06 Fast-breeder reactors (FBR) 108.07 Fuel reprocessing

109 Waste treatment and disposal operations 109.01 Waste incineration 109.01.01 Incineration of domestic or municipal wastes 109.01.02 Incineration of industrial wastes (except flaring) 109.01.03 Flaring in oil refinery 109.01.04 Flaring in chemical industries 109.01.05 Incineration of sludges from waste water treatment 109.01.06 Flaring in gas and oil extraction 109.01.07 Incineration of hospital wastes 109.01.08 Incineration of waste oil 109.02 Open burning of agricultural wastes (except 10.03)

06 03 05 06 03 06 06 03 07 06 03 08 06 03 09 06 03 10 06 03 11 06 03 12 06 03 13 tCITEPA/ethanol 06 03 14 06 04 06 04 01 06 04 02 06 04 03 06 04 04 06 04 05 06 04 06 06 04 07 06 04 08 06 04 09 06 04 10 06 04 11 06 04 12 tCITEPA/benzene 06 05 06 05 01 06 05 02 tEurostat

tEurostat ÎIAEA tIAEA tIAEA tIAEA tIAEA tIAEA tEurostat

09 09 02 09 02 01 09 02 02 09 02 03 09 02 04 09 02 05 09 02 06 09 02 07 09 02 08 09 07

-55- NOSE Manual



109.03 Cremation 109.03.01 Incineration of corpses 109.03.02 Incineration of carcasses 109.04 Other waste treatment 109.04.01 Waste water treatment in industry 109.04.02 Waste water treatment in residential/commercial sectors 109.04.03 Sludge spreading 109.04.04 Land filling 109.04.05 Compost production from waste 109.04.06 Biogas production 109.04.07 Latrines 109.04.08 Refuse Derived Fuel production 109.04.09 Recycling of animal carcasses and animal waste

110 Processes specific to agriculture, forestry and fishing 110.01 Cultures with fertilizers (except animal manure) 110.01.01 Permanent crops 110.01.02 Arable land crops 110.01.03 Rice field 110.01.04 Market gardening 110.01.05 Grassland 110.01.06 Fallows 110.02 Cultures without fertilizers 110.02.01 Permanent crops 110.02.02 Arable land crops 110.02.03 Rice field 110.02.04 Market gardening 110.02.05 Grassland 110.02.06 Fallows 110.03 On-field burning of stubble, straw,... 110.04 Enteric fermentation 110.04.01 Dairy cows 110.04.02 Other cattle 110.04.03 Ovines 110.04.04 Fattening pigs 110.04.05 Horses 110.04.06 Mules and asses 110.04.07 Goats 110.04.08 Laying hens 110.04.09 Broilers 110.04.10 Other poultry (ducks, geese, etc.) 110.04.11 Fur animals 110.04.12 Sows 110.04.13 Camels 110.04.14 Buffalo 110.04.15 Other 110.05 Manure management 110.05.01 Dairy cows 110.05.02 Other cattle 110.05.03 Fattening pigs

09 09 09 09 01 09 09 02 09 10 09 10 01 09 10 02 0910 03 09 10 04 09 10 05 09 10 06 09 10 07

09 10 08 tEurostat

10 10 01 10 01 01 10 01 02 10 01 03 10 01 04 10 01 05 10 01 06 10 02 10 02 01 10 02 02 10 02 03 10 02 04 10 02 05 10 02 06 10 03 10 04 10 04 01 10 04 02 10 04 03 10 04 04 10 04 05 10 04 06 10 04 07 10 04 08 10 04 09 10 0410 10 0411 10 04 12 10 04 13 10 04 14 10 04 15 10 05 10 05 01 10 05 02 10 05 03

NOSE Manual -56-



110.05.04 110.05.05 110.05.06 110.05.07 110.05.08 110.05.09 110.05.10 110.05.11 110.05.12 110.05.13 110.05.14 110.05.15 110.06 110.07 110.07.01 110.07.02 110.07.03 110.08 110.09 110.09.01 110.09.02 110.09.03 110.09.04 110.09.05 110.09.06 110.09.07 110.09.08 110.09.09 110.10 110.10.01 110.10.02 110.10.03 110.11 110.11.01 110.11.02 110.11.03 110.11.04 110.11.05 110.11.06 110.11.07 110.11.08 110.11.09 110.11.10 110.12 110.12.01 110.12.02 110.12.03 110.12.04 110.12.05

Sows Ovines Horses Laying hens Broilers Other poultry (ducks, geese, etc.) Fur animals Goats Mules and asses Camels Buffalo Other

Use of pesticides in agriculture and forestry Managed deciduous forests

High isoprene emitters Low isoprene emitters Non isoprene emitters

Managed coniferous forests LUWC-Wood biomass stock change /annual growth

Tropical forests/Plantations Tropical forests/Other managed forests Tropical forests/Other Temperate forests/Plantations Temperate forests/Commercial Temperate forests/Other Boreal forests Other ecosystem types Non-forest trees

LUWC-Wood Biomass stock change /annual harvest Biomass in commercial harvest Traditional fuelwood consumed Other wood use

LUWC-Conversion /Burning aboveground biomass Tropical forests on site Tropical forests off site Temperate forests on site Temperate forests off site Boreal forests on site Boreal forests off site Grassland on site Grassland off site Other on site Other off site

LUWC-Conversion /Aboveground biomass decay Tropical forests Temperate forests Boreal forests Grassland Other

-57-

10 05 04 10 05 05 10 05 06 10 05 07 10 05 08 10 05 09 10 05 10 100511 10 05 12 10 05 13 10 05 14 10 05 15 10 06 10 07 10 07 01 10 07 02 10 07 03 10 08 1011 10 11 01 10 11 02 10 11 03 10 11 04 10 11 05 10 11 06 10 11 07 10 11 08 10 11 09 10 12 10 12 01 10 12 02 10 12 03 10 13 10 1301 10 13 02 10 13 03 10 13 04 10 13 05 10 13 06 10 13 07 10 13 08 10 13 09 10 13 10 10 14 10 14 01 10 14 02 10 14 03 1014 04 10 14 05

NOSE Manual


NOSE-P

110.13 110.13.01 110.13.02 110.13.03 110.13.04 110.13.05 110.14

110.14.01 110.14.02 110.14.03 110.14.04 110.14.05 110.15 110.15.01 110.15.02 110.15.03 110.15.04 110.15.05 110.16

110.16.01 110.16.02 110.16.03 110.16.04 110.16.05 110.17 110.17.01 110.17.02 110.17.03 110.17.04 110.17.05 110.18 110.18.01 110.18.02 110.18.03

111 111.01

112 112.01 112.02 112.03

112.04 112.05 112.06 112.06.01 112.06.02 112.06.03

Process description

LUWC-Conversion /Soil carbon release Tropical forests Temperate forests Boreal forests Grassland Other

LUWC-Managed land abandonment < 20 years /Aboveground biomass carbon uptake Tropical forests Temperate forests Boreal forests Grassland Other

LUWC-Managed land abandonment < 20years /Soil carbon uptake Tropical forests Temperate forests Boreal forests Grassland Other

LUWC-Managed land abandonment >20years /Aboveground biomass carbon uptake Tropical forests Temperate forests Boreal forests Grassland Other

LUWC-Managed land abandonment > 20years /Soil carbon uptake Tropical forests Temperate forests Boreal forests Grassland Other

Processes specific to aquaculture Rearing of crustaceans Rearing of salmonid fish species Rearing of non-salmonid fish species

Processes characteristic of service branches industrial laundries

Processes common to all branches photocopying machines UV lamps Fires: including buildings, cars, other fires: excluding agriculture and forest

fires Fire suppression Use of aerosols Leakage and spillage from equipment

Leakage/spillage of PCB closed systems Leakage/spillage of mercury thermometers Leakage/spillage of mercury vapour lamps

SNAP94/other origin

10 15 10 15 01 10 15 02 10 15 03 10 15 04 10 15 05 10 16

10 1601 10 16 02 10 16 03 10 16 04 10 16 05 10 17 101701 10 17 02 101703 10 17 04 10 17 05 10 18

10 18 01 10 18 02 10 18 03 10 18 04 10 18 05 1019 101901 10 19 02 10 19 03 10 19 04 10 19 05

tFINLANDAA/ATER tFINLAND/WATER tFINLAND/WATER

t tCITEPA/water

t tCITEPA/ozone tCITEPA/ozone tNORWAY

tNORWAY tNORWAY tEurostat tCITEPA HM/POP tCITEPA HM/POP tCITEPA HM/POP

NOSE Manual -58-



112.06.04 Leakage/spillage from air conditioning systems

201 Road transport 201.01 Passenger cars 201.01.01 Highway driving 201.01.02 Rural driving 201.01.03 Urban driving 201.02 Light duty vehicles < 3.51 201.02.01 Highway driving 201.02.02 Rural driving 201.02.03 Urban driving 201.03 Heavy duty vehicles > 3.51 and buses 201.03.01 Highway driving 201.03.02 Rural driving 201.03.03 Urban driving 201.04 Mopeds and Motorcycles < 50 cm3 201.05 Motorcycles > 50 cm3 201.05.01 Highway driving 201.05.02 Rural driving 201.05.03 Urban driving 201.06 Gasoline evaporation from vehicles 201.07 Automobile tyre and brake wear

202 Other mobile sources 202.01 Railways 202.01.01 Shunting Iocs 202.01.02 Rail-cars 202.01.03 Locomotives 202.02 Inland waterways 202.02.01 Sailing boats with auxilliary engines 202.02.02 Motorboats / workboats 202.02.03 Personal watercraft 202.02.04 Inland goods carrying vessels 202.03 Maritime activities 202.03.01 National sea traffic within EMEP area 202.03.02 National fishing 202.03.03 International sea traffic (international bunkers) 202.04 Air traffic 202.04.01 Domestic airport traffic (LTO cycles - <1000 m) 202.04.02 International airport traffic (LTO cycles - <1000 m) 202.04.03 Domestic cruise traffic (>1000 m) 202.04.04 International cruise traffic (>1000 m) 202.05 Other mobile sources and machinery

301 Processes in nature 301.01 Non-managed deciduous forests 301.01.01 High isoprene emitters 301.01.02 Low isoprene emitters 301.01.03 Non isoprene emitters 301.02 Non-managed coniferous forests 301.03 Forest fires

tNORWAY 07 07 01 07 01 01 07 01 02 07 01 03 07 02 07 02 01 07 02 02 07 02 03 07 03 07 03 01 07 03 02 07 03 03 07 04 07 05 07 05 01 07 05 02 07 05 03 07 06 07 07 08 08 02 08 02 01 08 02 02 08 02 03 08 03 08 03 01 08 03 02 08 03 03 08 03 04 08 04 08 04 02 08 04 03 08 04 04 08 05 08 05 01 08 05 02 08 05 03 08 05 04 08 01,08 06-08 10 11 11 01 11 01 01 11 01 02 11 01 03 11 02 1103

-59- NOSE Manual



301.04 Natural grassland 301.05 Wetlands (marshes - swamps) 301.05.01 Undrained and brackish marshes 301.05.02 Drained marshes 301.05.03 Raised bogs 301.06 Waters 301.06.01 Lakes 301.06.02 Shallow saltwaters 301.06.03 Ground waters 301.06.04 Drainage waters 301.06.05 Rivers 301.06.06 Ditches and canals 301.06.07 Open sea (> 6m) 301.07 Animals 301.07.01 Termites 301.07.02 Mammals 301.08 Volcanoes 301.09 Near-surface deposits

11 04 11 05 11 05 01 11 05 02 11 05 03 11 06 11 06 01 11 06 02 11 06 03 11 06 04 11 06 05 11 06 06 11 06 07 11 07 11 07 01 11 07 02 11 08 11 09

Notes: t process not found in SNAP94, added from report of national emission inventory or by Eurostat LUWC Land Use and//or Wood biomass stock Change

NOSE Manual -60-

Annex 3: SNAP94 to NOSE-P correspondence table

ANNEX 3:

SNAP94

01,02,03 (part)

03 (part)

03 02 03

03 02 04 03 02 05 03 03 01 03 03 02

03 03 03 03 03 04

03 03 05

03 03 06

03 03 07

03 03 08

03 03 09

03 03 10

03 03 11 03 03 12

03 03 13

03 03 14 03 03 15 03 03 16

03 03 17 03 03 18

03 0319 03 03 20

03 03 21

03 03 22 03 03 22 03 03 23

S N A P 9 4 TO N O S E - P CORRESPONDENCE TABLE

NOSE-P

101

104

104.12.01

104.11.01 104.01.01 104.12.02 104.12.03

104.12.04 104.12.05

104.12.06

104.12.07

104.12.08

104.12.09

104.12.10

104.12.11

104.11.02 104.01.02

104.11.04

104.11.05 104.11.06 104.11.07

104.11.08 104.11.09

104.11.10 104.11.12

104.07.01

104.12.12 104.12.13 104.12.14

Process description


Production processes in manufacturing industry, involving fuel combustion Blast furnace cowpers Plaster furnaces Other furnaces Sinter plants Reheating furnaces steel and iron Gray iron foundries Primary lead production Primary zinc production Primary copper production Secondary lead production Secondary zinc production Secondary copper production Secondary aluminium production Cement Lime (including iron and steel and paper pulp industries) Asphalt concrete plants Flat glass Container glass Glass wool (except binding) Other glass Mineral wool (except binding) Bricks and tiles Fine ceramic materials Drying processes in paper mills Alumina production Alumina production Magnesium production (dolomite treatment)

-6

SNAP94

03 03 24

03 03 25 03,04

04 01 01

04 01 02

04 01 03

04 01 04

04 01 05 04 02 01

04 02 02

04 02 03 04 02 04 04 02 05

04 02 06

04 02 07

04 02 08 04 02 09

04 02 10 04 03 01

04 03 02 04 03 03 04 03 04

04 03 05

04 03 06

04 03 07 04 03 08 04 03 09 04 04 01 04 04 02 04 04 03 04 04 04

1-

NOSE-P

104.12.15

104.09.01 105

105.08.01

105.08.02

105.08.03

105.08.04

105.08.05 105.12.01

105.12.02

105.12.03 105.12.04 105.12.05

105.12.06

105.12.07

105.12.08 105.12.09

105.12.10 105.12.11

105.12.12 105.12.13 105.12.14

105.12.15

105.12.16

105.01.02 105.01.03 105.12.17 105.09.01 105.09.02 105.09.03 105.09.04

Process description

Nickel production (thermal process) Enamel production

Production processes in manufacturing industry, not involving fuel combustion Petroleum products processing Fluid catalytic cracking - CO boiler Sulphur recovery plants Storage and handling of petroleum produc. in refinery Other Coke oven (door leakage and extinction) Blast furnace charging Pig iron tapping Solid smokeless fuel Open hearth furnace steel plant Basic oxygen furnace steel plant Electric furnace steel plant Rolling mills Sinter plant (except combustion 03.03.01) Other Aluminium production (electrolysis) Ferro alloys Silicium production Magnesium production (except 104.12.14) Nickel production (except 104.12.15) Allied metal manufacturing Galvanizing Electroplating Other Sulfuric acid Nitric acid Ammonia Ammonium sulphate

NOSE Manual


SNAP94

04 04 05 04 04 06

04 04 07 04 04 08 04 04 09

04 0410 04 04 11 04 04 12

04 04 13 04 04 14 04 04 15

04 05 01 04 05 02 04 05 03

04 05 04

04 05 05

04 05 06

04 05 07

04 05 08 04 05 09 04 0510 04 05 11 04 05 12 04 05 13

04 0514

04 05 15

04 05 16 04 05 17 04 05 18 04 05 19 04 05 20 04 05 21

04 05 22

04 05 23 04 05 24

NOSE-P

105.09.05 105.09.06

105.09.07 105.09.08 105.09.09

105.09.10 105.09.11 105.09.12

105.09.13 105.09.14 105.09.15

105.09.18 105.09.19 105.09.20

105.09.21

105.09.22

105.09.23

105.09.24

105.09.25 105.09.26 105.09.27 105.09.28 105.09.29 105.09.30

105.09.31

105.09.32

105.09.33 105.09.34 105.09.35 105.09.36 105.09.37 105.09.38

105.09.39

105.09.40 105.09.41

NOSE Manual

Process description

Ammonium nitrate Ammonium phosphate NPK fertilisers Urea Carbon black

Titanium dioxide Graphite Calcium carbide production Chlorine production Phosphate fertilizers Storage and handling of inorganic chemical prod. Ethylene Propylene 1,2 dichloroethane (except 105.09.22) Vinylchloride (except 105.09.22) 1,2 dichloroethane + vinylchloride (balanced process)

Polyethylene Low Density Polyethylene High Density Polyvinylchloride Polypropylene Styrene Polystyrene Styrene butadiene Styrene-butadiene latex Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) resins Ethylene oxide Formaldehyde Ethylbenzene Phtalic anhydride Acrylonitrile Adipic acid

Storage and handling of organic chemical products Glyoxylic acid Halogenated hydrocarbons production

-6

SNAP94

04 05 25 04 05 26

04 05 27

04 06 01 04 06 02

04 06 03

04 06 04

04 06 05 04 06 06 04 06 07 04 06 08 04 06 10

04 06 11

04 06 12

04 06 13 04 06 14 04 06 15

04 06 16

04 06 17

04 07 05

05 01

05 01 01 05 01 02 05 01 03 05 02

05 02 01 05 02 02 05 03

05 03 01

2-

NOSE-P

105.09.42 105.09.43

105.09.44

105.06.01 105.07.01

105.07.02

105.07.03

105.03.01 105.03.02 105.03.03 105.03.04 105.11.01

105.16.01

105.11.02

105.11.03 105.11.04 105.13.01

105.02.01

105.02.02

105.01.01 106

106.01

106.01.01 106.01.02 106.01.03 106.02

106.02.01 106.02.02 106.03

106.03.01

Process description

Pesticide production Production of persistent organic compounds Other (phytosanitary,...) Chipboard Paper pulp (kraft process) Paper pulp (acid sulfite process) Paper pulp (Neutral Sulphite Semi-Chemical process) Bread Wine Beer Spirits Roof covering with asphalt materials Road paving with asphalt Cement (decarbonizing)

Glass (decarbonizing) Lime (decarbonizing) Batteries manufacturing Extraction of mineral

ores Other (including asbestos production) Cooling plants


Extraction and 1 st treatment of solid fossil fuels Open cast mining Underground mining Storage of solid fuel

Extraction, 1st treatment and loading of liquid fossil fuels Land-based activities Off-shore activities

Extraction, 1st treatment and loading of gaseous fossil fuels Land-based desulfuraron


SNAP94

05 03 02

05 03 03 05 04

05 04 01

05 04 02

05 05 05 05 01

05 05 02

05 05 03

05 06 05 06 01 05 06 03 05 07

06

06 01 06 01 01

06 01 02

06 01 03

06 01 04

06 01 05

06 01 06

06 01 07

06 01 08

06 01 09

06 02

06 02 01

NOSE-P

106.03.02

106.03.03 106.04

106.04.01

106.04.02

106.05 106.05.01

106.05.02

106.05.03

106.06 106.06.01 106.06.02 106.07

107

107.01 107.01.01

107.01.02

107.01.03

107.01.04

107.01.05

107.01.06

107.01.07

107.01.08

107.01.09

107.02

107.02.01

Process description

Land-based activities (other than desulfuration) Off-shore activities

Liquid fuel distribution (except gasoline distribution) Marine terminals (tankers, handling and storage) Other handling and storage (including pipeline)

Gasoline distribution Refinery dispatch station Transport and depots (except 05.05.03) Service stations (including refuelling of cars)

Gas distribution networks Pipelines Distribution networks

Geothermal energy extraction


Paint application Paint application : manufacture of automobiles Paint application : car repairing Paint application : construction and buildings (except 107.01.07) Paint application : domestic use (except 107.01.07)

Paint application : coil coating

Paint application : boat building Paint application : wood Other industrial paint application Other non industrial paint application

Degreasing, dry cleaning and electronics Metal degreasing

-6

SNAP94

06 02 02 06 02 03

06 02 04

06 03

06 03 01 06 03 02

06 03 03

06 03 04

06 03 05 06 03 06

06 03 07

06 03 08 06 03 09 06 03 10 06 03 11

06 03 12 06 03 13 06 03 14 06 04

06 04 01 06 04 02

06 04 03 06 04 04

06 04 05

06 04 06 06 04 07

06 04 08

06 04 09 06 04 10

06 04 11

3-

NOSE-P

107.02.02 107.02.03

107.02.04

107.03

107.03.01 107.03.02

107.03.03

107.03.04

107.03.05 107.03.06

107.03.07

107.03.08 107.03.09 107.03.10 107.03.11

107.03.13 107.03.14 107.03.15 107.04

107.04.01 107.04.02

107.04.03 107.04.04

107.04.05

107.04.06 107.04.07

107.04.08

107.04.09 107.04.10

107.04.11

Process description

Dry cleaning Electronic components manufacturing Other industrial cleaning

Chemical products manufacturing or processing Polyester processing Polyvinylchloride processing Polyurethane processing Polystyrene foam processing Rubber processing Pharmaceutical products manufacturing Paints manufacturing

Inks manufacturing Glues manufacturing Asphalt blowing Adhesive, magnetic tapes, films and photographs

Textile finishing Leather tanning Other

Other use of solvents and related activities Glass wool enduction Mineral wool enduction Printing industry Fat, edible and non edible oil extraction Application of glues and adhesives Preservation of wood Underseal treatment and conservation of vehicles

Domestic solvent use (other than paint application) Vehicles dewaxing Pharmaceutical products manufacturing Domestic use of pharmaceutical products

NOSE Manual


SNAP94 NOSE-P Process description

06 04 12

06 05 06 05 01

06 05 02 07 07 01 07 01 01 07 01 02 07 01 03 07 02 07 02 01 07 02 02 07 02 03 07 03

07 03 01 07 03 02 07 03 03 07 04

07 05 07 05 01 07 05 02 07 05 03 07 06

07 07

08 08 01,08

06-08 10

08 02 08 02 01 08 02 02 08 02 03 08 03 08 03 01

08 03 02

08 03 03 08 03 04

08 04 08 04 02

08 04 03

107.04.12

107.05 107.05.01

107.05.02 201 201.01 201.01.01 201.01.02 201.01.03 201.02 201.02.01 201.02.02 201.02.03 201.03

201.03.01 201.03.02 201.03.03 201.04

201.05 201.05.01 201.05.02 201.05.03 201.06

201.07

202 202.05

202.01 202.01.01 202.01.02 202.01.03 202.02 202.02.01

202.02.02

202.02.03 202.02.04

202.03 202.03.01

202.03.02

Other (preservation of seeds,...)

Use of N20 Use of N20 for anaesthesia Other use of N20

Road transport Passenger cars

Highway driving Rural driving Urban driving

Light duty vehicles < 3.51 Highway driving Rural driving Urban driving

Heavy duty vehicles > 3.51 and buses Highway driving Rural driving Urban driving

Mopeds and Motorcycles < 50 cm3

Motorcycles > 50 cm3 Highway driving Rural driving Urban driving

Gasoline evaporation from vehicles

Automobile tyre and brake wear

Other mobile sources Other mobile sources

and machinery

Railways Shunting iocs Rail-cars Locomotives

Inland waterways Sailing boats with auxilliary engines Motorboats / workboats Personal watercraft Inland goods carrying vessels

Maritime activities National sea traffic within EMEP area National fishing

SNAP94 NOSE-P Process description

NOSE Manual

08 04 04

08 05 08 05 01

08 05 02

08 05 03

08 05 04

09

09 02 09 02 01

09 02 02

09 02 03 09 02 04

09 02 05

09 02 06

09 02 07

09 02 08

09 07

09 09 09 09 01

09 09 02

09 10 09 10 01

09 10 02

09 10 03 09 10 04 09 10 05

0910 06

202.03.03

202.04 202.04.01

202.04.02

202.04.03

202.04.04

109

109.01 109.01.01

109.01.02

109.01.03 109.01.04

109.01.05

109.01.06

109.01.07

109.01.08

109.02

109.03 109.03.01

109.03.02

109.04 109.04.01

109.04.02

109.04.03 109.04.04 109.04.05

109.04.06

International sea traffic (international bunkers)

Air traffic Domestic airport traffic (LTO cycles -<1000m) International airport traffic (LTO cycles -<1000m) Domestic cruise traffic (> 1000 m) International cruise traffic (> 1000 m)


Waste incineration Incineration of domestic or municipal wastes Incineration of industrial wastes (except flaring) Flaring in oil refinery Flaring in chemical industries Incineration of sludges from waste water treatment Flaring in gas and oil extraction Incineration of hospital wastes Incineration of waste oil

Open burning of agricultural wastes (except 10.03)

Cremation Incineration of corpses Incineration of carcasses

Other waste treatment Waste water treatment in industry Waste water treatment in residential/commercia I sectors Sludge spreading Land filling Compost production from waste Biogas production

-64-


SNAP94

09 10 07 09 10 08

10

10 01

10 01 01 10 01 02 10 01 03 10 01 04 10 01 05 10 01 06 10 02

10 02 01 10 02 02 10 02 03 10 02 04 10 02 05 10 02 06

10 03

10 04

10 04 01 10 04 02 10 04 03 10 04 04 10 04 05 10 04 06 10 04 07 10 04 08 10 04 09 10 04 10

10 04 11

10 04 12 100413 10 04 14 10 0415 10 05 10 05 01 10 05 02 10 05 03 10 05 04 10 05 05 10 05 06 10 05 07 10 05 08

NOSE-P

109.04.07 109.04.08

110

110.01

110.01.01 110.01.02 110.01.03 110.01.04 110.01.05

110.01.06 110.02

110.02.01 110.02.02 110.02.03 110.02.04 110.02.05 110.02.06

110.03

110.04

110.04.01 110.04.02 110.04.03 110.04.04 110.04.05 110.04.06 110.04.07 110.04.08 110.04.09 110.04.10

110.04.11

110.04.12 110.04.13 110.04.14 110.04.15 110.05 110.05.01 110.05.02 110.05.03 110.05.04 110.05.05 110.05.06 110.05.07 110.05.08

Process description

Latrines Refuse Derived Fuel production

Processes specific to agriculture, forestry and fishing

Cultures with fertilizers (except animal manure) Permanent crops Arable land crops Rice field Market gardening Grassland

Fallows Cultures without

fertilizers

Permanent crops Arable land crops Rice field Market gardening Grassland Fallows

On-field burning of stubble, straw,...

Enteric fermentation

Dairy cows Other cattle Ovines Fattening pigs Horses Mules and asses Goats Laying hens Broilers Other poultry (ducks, geese, etc.) Fur animals

Sows Camels Buffalo Other

Manure management Dairy cows Other cattle Fattening pigs Sows Ovines Horses Laying hens Broilers

SNAP94

10 05 09

10 05 10 100511 10 05 12 10 05 13

10 05 14 100515 10 06 10 07

10 07 01

10 07 02 10 07 03 10 08

1011

10 11 01

10 11 02

10 11 03 10 11 04

10 11 05

10 11 06

10 11 07 10 11 08

10 11 09 10 12

10 12 01

10 12 02

10 12 03 10 13

101301

10 13 02

10 13 03

NOSE-P

110.05.09

110.05.10 110.05.11 110.05.12 110.05.13

110.05.14 110.05.15 110.06 110.07

110.07.01

110.07.02 110.07.03 110.08

110.09

110.09.01

110.09.02

110.09.03 110.09.04

110.09.05

110.09.06

110.09.07 110.09.08

110.09.09 110.10

110.10.01

110.10.02

110.10.03 110.11

110.11.01

110.11.02

110.11.03

Process description

Other poultry (ducks, geese, etc.) Fur animals Goats Mules and asses Camels

Buffalo Other

Use of pesticides Managed deciduous

forests High isoprene emitters

Low isoprene emitters Non isoprene emitters

Managed coniferous forests

LUWC-Wood biomass stock change /annual growth Tropical forests/Plantations Tropical forests/Other managed forests

Tropical forests/Other Temperate forests/Plantations Temperate forests/Commercial Temperate forests/Other Boreal forests Other ecosystem types Non-forest trees

LUWC-Wood Biomass stock change /annual harvest Biomass in commercial harvest Traditional fuelwood consumed Other wood use

LUWC-Conversion /Burning aboveground biomass Tropical forests on site Tropical forests off site Temperate forests on site

-65- NOSE Manual


SNAP94

10 13 04

10 13 05 10 13 06 10 13 07 10 13 08 10 13 09 10 13 10 10 14

101401 10 14 02 10 14 03 10 14 04 10 14 05 10 15

101501 10 15 02 10 15 03 10 15 04 10 15 05 10 16

101601 10 16 02 1016 03 10 16 04 10 16 05 1017

101701 10 17 02 10 17 03 10 17 04 10 17 05 10 18

10 18 01 10 18 02 10 18 03 10 1804

NOSE-P

110.11.04

110.11.05 110.11.06 110.11.07 110.11.08 110.11.09 110.11.10 110.12

110.12.01 110.12.02 110.12.03 110.12.04 110.12.05 110.13

110.13.01 110.13.02 110.13.03 110.13.04 110.13.05 110.14

110.14.01 110.14.02 110.14.03 110.14.04 110.14.05 110.15

110.15.01 110.15.02 110.15.03 110.15.04 110.15.05 110.16

110.16.01 110.16.02 110.16.03 110.16.04

Process description

Temperate forests off site Boreal forests on site Boreal forests off site Grassland on site Grassland off site Other on site Other off site

LUWC-Conversion /Aboveground biomass decay Tropical forests Temperate forests Boreal forests Grassland Other

LUWC-Conversion /Soil carbon release Tropical forests Temperate forests Boreal forests Grassland Other

LUWC-Managed land abandonment < 20 years /Aboveground biomass carbon uptake Tropical forests Temperate forests Boreal forests Grassland Other

LUWC-Managed land abandonment < 20years /Soil carbon uptake Tropical forests Temperate forests Boreal forests Grassland Other

LUWC-Managed land abandonment >20years /Aboveground biomass carbon uptake Tropical forests Temperate forests Boreal forests Grassland

SNAP94

10 18 05 10 19

101901 10 19 02 10 19 03 10 19 04 10 19 05 11 11 01

11 01 01

11 01 02 11 01 03 11 02

11 03 11 04 11 05

11 05 01

11 05 02 11 05 03 11 06 11 06 01 11 06 02 11 06 03 11 06 04 11 06 05 11 06 06 11 06 07 11 07 11 07 01 11 07 02 11 08 11 09

NOSE-P

110.16.05 110.17

110.17.01 110.17.02 110.17.03 110.17.04 110.17.05 301 301.01

301.01.01

301.01.02 301.01.03 301.02

301.03 301.04 301.05

301.05.01

301.05.02 301.05.03 301.06 301.06.01 301.06.02 301.06.03 301.06.04 301.06.05 301.06.06 301.06.07 301.07 301.07.01 301.07.02 301.08 301.09

Process description

Other LUWC-Managed land

abandonment > 20years /Soil carbon uptake Tropical forests Temperate forests Boreal forests Grassland Other

Processes in nature Non-managed deciduous

forests High isoprene emitters Low isoprene emitters Non isoprene emitters

Non-managed coniferous forests

Forest fires Natural grassland Wetlands (marshes -

swamps) Undrained and brackish marshes Drained marshes Raised bogs

Waters Lakes Shallow saltwaters Ground waters Drainage waters Rivers Ditches and canals Open sea (> 6m)

Animals Termites Mammals

Volcanoes Near-surface deposits

NOSE Manual -66-

ES Clasificación de las publicaciones de Eurostat

TEMA

f o l Diversos (rosa)

ΓΠ Estadísticas generales (azul oscuro)

Ι2Ί Economía y finanzas (violeta)

[3] Población y condiciones sociales (amarillo)

K l Energía e industria (azul claro)

151 Agricultura, silvicultura y pesca (verde)

| 6 | Comercio exterior (rojo)

ΓΗ Comercio, servicios y transportes (naranja)

LU Medio ambiente (turquesa)

\9\ Investigación y desarrollo (marrón)

SERIE

[ A | Anuarios y estadísticas anuales

|B ! Estadísticas coyunturales

ÍCi Cuentas y encuestas

IΡ i Estudios e investigación

LU Métodos

| F | Estadísticas breves

DA Klassifikation af Eurostats publikationer

EMNE

fo l Diverse (rosa)

ΓΠ Almene statistikker (markeblå)

|2 j Økonomi og finanser (violet)

| 3 l Befolkning og sociale forhold (gul)

| 4 | Energi og industri (blå)

|S | Landbrug, skovbrug og fiskeri (gran)

Γ6j Udenrigshandel (rød)

| 7 | Handel, tjenesteydelser og transport (orange)

LU Milja (turkis)

[Ol Forskning og udvikling (brun)

SERIE

|Ã| Arbager og årlige statistikker

ÍBJ Konjunkturstatistikker

[Cl Tællinger og rundspørger

|D| Undersagelser og forskning

[Ë1 Metoder

I M Statistikoversigter

DE Gliederung der Veröffentlichungen von Eurostat

THEMENKREIS

ΙΟΊ Verschiedenes (rosa) ΓΗ Allgemeine Statistik

(dunkelblau)

f U Wirtschaft und Finanzen (violett) 13] Bevölkerung und soziale Bedingungen

(gelb)

[ 4 | Energie und Industrie (blau)

LU Land- und Forstwirtschaft. Fischerei (grün)

f U Außenhandel (rot)

LU Handel, Dienstleislungen und Verkehr (orange)

LU Umwelt (türkis)

LU Forschung und Entwicklung (braun)

REIHE

[Ã| Jahrbücher und jährliche Statistiken

[ B | Konjunkturstatistiken

ÍCi Konten und Erhebungen

(DJ Studien und Forschungsergebnisse

[ H Methoden

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(gui)

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LU Statistiköversikter

European Commission

NOSE: Nomenclature for sources of emissions — Manual

Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities

1998 — 66 pp. — 21 χ 29.7 cm

ISBN 92-828-4333-5

Price (excluding VAT) in Luxembourg: ECU 11.50

The NOSE system has been developed by Eurostat to facilitate the description of emission sources in relation both to NACE Revision 1 branches and also to technical process characteristics, using the NOSE process list (NOSE-P) which has evolved from the Corinair SNAP94 nomenclature. This first version of the NOSE manual is published by Eurostat as a basis for testing of the NOSE system.

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NOSE: Nomenclature for sources of emissions : Manual

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Transcript of NOSE: Nomenclature for sources of emissions : Manual