Nguyenibacter vanlangensis gen. nov., sp. nov., an unusual acetic acid bacterium in the...

Short Communication

　The genus Gluconacetobacter corrig. Yamada et al. 1998 was recently divided into two genera (Yamada and Yukphan, 2008; Yamada et al., 2012a, b, 2013). One is the genus Gluconacetobacter, in which the type species is retained as Gluconacetobacter liquefa-ciens (Asai 1935) Yamada et al. 1998, and the other is the genus Komagataeibacter Yamada et al. 2013, in which the type species is newly designated as Komaga-taeibacter xylinus (Brown 1898) Yamada et al. 2013. In the genus Gluconacetobacter, seven species are now-adays accommodated (Franke et al., 1999; Fuentes-Ramírez et al., 2001; Gillis et al., 1989; Tazato et al., 2012; Yamada and Yukphan, 2008).

　In the systematic and ecological studies of acetic acid bacteria, the present authors found that a certain strain isolated from the natural environment of Vietnam was located in a unique phylogenetic position, name-ly, outside of the Gluconacetobacter cluster (Yamada et al., 2012b).　This paper describes Nguyenibacter vanlangensis gen. nov., sp. nov., for isolate TN01LGIT as well as iso-late VTH-AC01. The former was isolated from the rhi-zosphere of Asian rice collected at Long Thanh Trung Commune, Hoa Thanh District, Tay Ninh Province, Vietnam on March 6, 2011, and the latter was isolated from the root of Asian rice collected at Hoc Mon Dis-trict, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam on November 12, 2011.　The two isolates were obtained by an enrichment culture approach using nitrogen-free LGI medium that contained 10.0% sucrose w/v, 0.06% KH2PO4 w/v, 0.02% K2HPO4 w/v, 0.02% MgSO4 w/v, 0.002% CaCl2 w/v. 0.001% FeCl3 w/v, and 0.0002% Na2MoO4 w/v, pH 6.0 (Cavalcante and Döbereiner, 1988). When mi-crobial growth was seen in the LGI medium, the cul-

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., 59, 153‒166 (2013)

Key Words—acetic acid bacteria; Acetobacteraceae; Acidomonas; Gluconacetobacter; Komaga-taeibacter; Nguyenibacter vanlangensis gen. nov., sp. nov.

　* Corresponding author: Dr. Yuzo Yamada, 2‒3‒21 Seinan-cho, Fujieda, Shizuoka 426‒0063, Japan.　Tel/Fax: +81‒54‒635‒2316　E-mail: [email protected]　** JICA Senior Overseas Volunteer, Japan International Co-operation Agency, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151‒8558, Japan; Profes-sor Emeritus, Shizuoka University, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shi-zuoka 422‒8529, Japan.

Nguyenibacter vanlangensis gen. nov., sp. nov., an unusual acetic acid bacterium in the α-Proteobacteria

Huong Thi Lan Vu,1 Pattaraporn Yukphan,2 Winai Chaipitakchonlatarn,2 Taweesak Malimas,2 Yuki Muramatsu,3 Uyen Thi Tu Bui,1 Somboon Tanasupawat,4 Kien Cong Duong,1

Yasuyoshi Nakagawa,3 Ho Thanh Pham,1 and Yuzo Yamada2,*,**

1 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University-HCM City, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Ward 4, District 5, Hochiminh City, Vietnam

2 BIOTEC Culture Collection (BCC), National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park,

Phaholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand3 NITE Biological Resource Center, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, Kisarazu, Chiba 292‒0818, Japan

4 Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand

(Received October 4, 2012; Accepted January 17, 2013)

154 Vol. 59VU et al.

ture was transferred to pH-3.5 medium that contained 1.0% D-glucose w/v, 1.0% ethanol v/v, 0.3% peptone w/v, and 0.2% yeast extract w/v. One loop of the pH-3.5 medium showing microbial growth was streaked onto an agar plate comprised of 2.0% D-glucose w/v, 0.5% ethanol v/v, 0.3% peptone w/v, 0.3% yeast extract w/v, 0.7% calcium carbonate w/v, and 1.5% agar w/v, and the resulting colonies that dissolved calcium car-bonate on the agar plate were picked up and exam-ined again for growth at pH 3.5 (Yamada and Yukphan, 2008).　Gluconacetobacter liquefaciens NBRC 12388T, Glu-conacetobacter diazotrophicus LMG 7603T, Komaga-taeibacter xylinus NBRC 15237T, Komagataeibacter han-senii NBRC 14820T, Acidomonas methanolica NRIC 0498T, and Acetobacter aceti NBRC 14818T were used as reference strains.　The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two isolates were determined, as described previously (Murama- tsu et al., 2009; Yamada et al., 2000; Yukphan et al., 2004, 2011). Gene fragments for 16S rRNA gene-encoding regions were amplified by PCR with the follow-ing two primers; 20F (5′-GAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3′, positions 9‒27) and 1500R (5′-GTTACCTTGTTACGACT- T-3′, positions 1509‒1492) (the numbering of positions was based on the Escherichia coli numbering system, Brosius et al., 1978, 1981; accession number V00348). Amplified 16S rRNA genes were sequenced with the four primers, 27F (5′-AGAGTTTGATCMTGGCTCAG-3′, posi-tions 8‒27), 1492R (5′- TACGGYTACCTTGTTACGACT- T-3′, positions 1513-1492), 518F (5′-CCAGCAGCCGC- GGTAATACG-3′, positions 518‒537), and 800R (5′-TAC-CAGGGTATCTAATCC-3′, positions 802‒785). Other 16S rRNA gene sequences were cited from the GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ databases.　Multiple sequence alignments were made with the program Clustal X (version 1.81) (Thompson et al., 1997). Sequence gaps and ambiguous bases were excluded. Distance matrices were calculated by the two-parameter method of Kimura (1980). Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences of 1,216 bases were constructed by the neighbor-joining meth-od (Saitou and Nei, 1987), the maximum parsimony method (Felsenstein, 1983), and the maximum likeli-hood method (Felsenstein, 1981) using the program MEGA 5 (version 5.05, Tamura et al., 2011). In the phylo-genetic trees constructed, the type strain of Acidocella facilis was designated as an outgroup. The confidence values of individual branches in the phylogenetic trees

were calculated by use of the bootstrap analysis of Felsenstein (1985) based on 1,000 replications. The pair-wise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were calculated for 1,403 bases.　In a 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogenetic tree constructed by the neighbor-joining method, the two isolates that formed a small cluster with a bootstrap value of 100% were located on the outside but not on the inside of the Gluconacetobacter cluster, and the resulting cluster formed a large cluster along with the type strains of Komagataeibacter species (Fig. 1). The large cluster was then connected to the type strain of Acidomonas methanolica. The calculated bootstrap value at the branching point of the two clusters was 65%. The data obtained indicated that the two isolates were not very tightly coupled to the type strains of Glu-conacetobacter species phylogenetically.　In a 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogenetic tree constructed by the maximum parsimony method, the two isolates constituted a cluster first along with the type strain of Acidomonas methanolica, and then the resulting cluster was connected to the Gluconaceto-bacter cluster (Fig. 2). The calculated bootstrap values at the respective branching points were 41 and 16%. The data obtained indicated that the two isolates were related phylogenetically to the Acidomonas cluster rather than the Gluconacetobacter cluster.　In a 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogenetic tree constructed by the maximum likelihood method, the two isolates were located on the outside but not on the inside of the Gluconacetobacter cluster, as found in the phylo-genetic tree constructed by the neighbor-joining method (Fig. 3). The calculated bootstrap value was 27%.　The calculated pair-wise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of isolate TN01LGIT were 97.9, 97.7, 96.5, 96.9, 95.5, 94.1, 96.2, 96.0, 95.6, 92.0, 96.3, 95.1, 96.2, 97.1, and 94.0% respectively to the type strains of Glu-conacetobacter liquefaciens, Gluconacetobacter diaz-otrophicus, Acidomonas methanolica, Komagataeibacter xylinus, Acetobacter aceti, Gluconobacter oxydans, Asaia bogorensis, Kozakia baliensis, Swaminathania salitoler-ans, Saccharibacter floricola, Neoasaia chiangmaiensis, Granulibacter bethesdensis, Tanticharoenia sakaeraten-sis, Ameyamaea chiangmaiensis, and Neokomagataea thailandica. Between the two isolates, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity was 99.9%. On the other hand, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity was 98.5% between the type strains of Gluconacetobacter liquefaciens and Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus.

2013 155Nguyenibacter vanlangensis gen. nov., sp. nov.

Fig. 1.　Phylogenetic relationships of Nguyenibacter vanlangensis gen. nov., sp. nov. (1).　The phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences was construct-ed by the neighbor-joining method. The type strain of Acidocella facilis was used as an outgroup. The numer-als at the nodes of the respective branches indicate bootstrap values (%) derived from 1,000 replications.


Fig. 2.　Phylogenetic relation-ships of Nguyenibacter vanlan-gensis gen. nov., sp. nov. (2).　The phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences was constructed by the maxi-mum parsimony method. The type strain of Acidocella facilis was used as an outgroup. The phylogenetic relationships were represented by tree #1 out of 28 most parsimonious trees. The fi-nal data set had a total of 1,216 positions (bases), of which 660 were parsimony informative. Consistency index=0.328, re-tention index=0.804, composite index=0.264, homoplasy index =0.672. The numerals at the nodes of the respective branches indicate bootstrap values (%) de-rived from 1,000 replications.


Fig. 3.　Phylogenetic relationships of Nguy-enibacter vanlangensis gen. nov., sp. nov. (3).　The phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences was constructed by the maxi-mum likelihood method. The type strain of Ac-idocella facilis was used as an outgroup. The numerals at the nodes of the respective branch-es indicate bootstrap values (%) derived from 1,000 replications.


　A phylogenetic tree based on the so-called partial 16S rRNA gene 800R-region sequences of 562 bases (positions 139‒739) was constructed by the neighbor-joining method (Saitou and Nei, 1987). The confidence values of individual branches in the phylogenetic tree were calculated by use of the bootstrap analysis of Felsenstein (1985), as described above. The type strain of Acetobacter aceti was used as an outgroup. Se-quence gaps and ambiguous bases were excluded as well. The pair-wise partial 16S rRNA gene 800R-region sequence similarities were calculated for 659 bases (positions 26‒739).　In a phylogenetic tree based on the so-called partial 16S rRNA gene 800R-region sequences constructed by the neighbor-joining method, the two isolates formed a cluster with the type strain of Acidomonas methanoli-ca, but not with the type strains of Gluconacetobacter species (Fig. 4). The calculated bootstrap value was 65%. The cluster including the two isolates and the type strain of Acidomonas methanolica was connected to the cluster of Gluconacetobacter species with a bootstrap value of 36%, and then to the Komagataei-bacter cluster. The calculated pair-wise partial 16S rRNA gene 800R-region sequence similarities of iso-late TN01LGIT were 96.9, 97.8, 96.0, and 96.6% re-spectively to the type strains of Gluconacetobacter lique-faciens, Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, Acidomonas

methanolica, and Komagataeibacter xylinus. Between isolates TN01LGIT and VTH-AC01, between the type strains of Gluconacetobacter liquefaciens and Gluco-nacetobacter diazotrophicus, between the type strains of Gluconacetobacter liquefaciens and Komagataei-bacter xylinus, and between the type strains of Gluco-nacetobacter liquefaciens and Acidomonas methanol-ica, the calculated pair-wise sequence similarities were respectively 100, 98.6, 96.3, and 95.2%. The data obtained indicated that the two isolates were phyloge-netically not very similar and not very related to the type strains of Gluconacetobacter species in the so-called partial 16S rRNA gene 800R-region sequences.　Extraction and isolation of chromosomal DNA were made by use of the modified method of Marmur (1961) (Ezaki et al., 1983; Saito and Miura, 1963). DNA base composition was determined by the method of Tama-oka and Komagata (1984).　The DNA G+C contents of isolates TN01LGIT and VTH-AC01 were respectively 69.4 and 68.1 mol%, with a range of 1.3 mol%. The data obtained indicated that the DNA base compositions of the two isolates were much higher than those of the type strains of Glucona-cetobacter species (58.0‒65 mol% with a range of 7 mol%; Yamada et al., 2012b) as well as the type strain of Acidomonas methanolica (62 mol%; Yamashi-ta et al., 2004). The calculated differences in the DNA

Fig. 4.　Phylogenetic relationships of Nguyenibacter vanlangensis gen. nov., sp. nov. (4).　The phylogenetic tree based on the so-called partial 16S rRNA gene 800R-region sequenc-es of 562 bases (positions 139‒739) was constructed by the neighbor-joining method. The type strain of Acetobacter aceti was used as an outgroup. The numerals at the nodes of the respective branches indicate bootstrap values (%) derived from 1,000 replications.


G+C contents were almost 4‒10 mol%.　DNA-DNA hybridization was carried out by the pho-tobiotin-labeling method using microplate wells, as described by Ezaki et al. (1989). Percent similarities in DNA-DNA hybridization were determined colorimetri-cally (Verlander, 1992). The color intensity was mea-sured at A450 on a model VersaMax microplate reader (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, California, USA). Iso-lated, single-stranded, and labeled DNAs were hybrid-ized with DNAs from test strains in 2×SSC containing 50% formamide at 48.0°C for 15 h. The highest and lowest values obtained in each sample were excluded, and the mean of the remaining three values was taken as a similarity value.　A single-stranded and labeled DNA from isolate TN-01LGIT represented 100, 86, 26, 31, 3, 11, 10, and 4% similarity respectively to isolates TN01LGIT and VTH-AC01 and the type strains of Gluconacetobacter lique-faciens, Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, Komagataei-bacter xylinus, Komagataeibacter hansenii, Acidomonas methanolica, and Acetobacter aceti, which was used as a negative control. On the other hand, isolate VTH-AC01 represented 94, 100, 23, 24, 3, 9, 9, and 2%, and the type strain of Gluconacetobacter liquefaciens rep-resented 26, 15, 100, 22, 2, 7, 12, and 5% as well. The data obtained indicated that the two isolates constitute a single species and are at least differentiated at the species level from the above-mentioned species of the genera Gluconacetobacter, Acidomonas, and Kom-agataeibacter.　The cellular fatty acid composition of the two iso-lates was determined, as described previously (Yuk-phan et al., 2011). Isolates TN01LGIT and VTH-AC01 contained 63.6 and 62.3% monounsaturated fatty acid of C18:1ω7c, respectively, as the major fatty acid (Table 1). Others were minor components of cellular fatty ac-ids; for example, straight chain fatty acids of C14:0, C16:0, and C19:0cycloω8c, and hydroxy fatty acids of C14:02OH, C16:02OH, C16:03OH, C18:03OH, and C18:12OH were found. Differing from the type strain of Gluconaceto-bacter liquefaciens, the two isolates contained a con-siderable amount of hydroxy fatty acid of C18:12OH. The two isolates were different from the type strain of Acidomonas methanolica in no finding of hydroxy fatty acid of C10:03OH.　The phenotypic characteristics were determined by the methods of Asai et al. (1964), Yamada et al. (1976, 1999, 2000), Swings et al. (1992), Navarro and Koma-gata (1999), Katsura et al. (2001, 2002), Lisdiyanti et al.

(2000, 2002, 2006), Yukphan et al. (2004, 2011), and Kommanee et al. (2011). Electron microscopy was done, as described previously (Kommanee et al., 2011). Major ubiquinone homologue determination was made by the method of Yamada et al. (1969).　The phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features of the two isolates are given in the genus and the species descriptions of Nguyenibacter vanlangensis gen. nov., sp. nov.　Phylogenetically, the two isolates occupied unique positions. When a phylogenetic tree was constructed by the neighbor-joining method, the two isolates con-stituted a cluster along with the type strains of Gluco-nacetobacter species. However, the position of the two isolates was not on the inside, but on the outside of the cluster. The calculated bootstrap value showing 65% indicated that the two isolates were not very tightly coupled phylogenetically to the type strains of Gluco-nacetobacter species. On the other hand, the two iso-lates constituted a cluster firstly with the type strain of Acidomonas methanolica, when a phylogenetic tree was constructed by the maximum parsimony method. The phylogenetic data obtained above suggested the possibility that the two isolates are necessarily accom-modated to neither the genus Gluconacetobacter nor the genus Acidomonas.　In the so-called partial 16S rRNA gene 800R-region sequence phylogenetic tree constructed by the neigh-bor-joining method, the two isolates formed a cluster with the type strain of Acidomonas methanolica, but not with the type strains of Gluconacetobacter spe-cies. The phylogenetic data obtained above support-ed that the two isolates are not very closely related to and not simply accommodated in the genus Glucona-cetobacter.　In the yeast systematics, Yamada and Kawasaki (1989) once examined basidiomycetous yeasts for three sets of partial 18S and 26S rRNA sequence de-terminations. In the experiment, the three dendro-grams obtained showed similar patterns in the three regions. Among the yeasts examined, similar patterns were not necessarily seen in the three dendrograms (Jindamorakot et al., 2012; Yamada and Nagahama, 1991; Yamada and Nogawa, 1995). Recently, the so-called D1/D2 region sequences of the large subunit of rRNA or 26S rRNA genes have been widely used in yeast systematics (Fell, 1993; Kurtzman and Robnett, 1998; Kurtzman et al., 2011). In future, the so-called partial 16S rRNA gene 800R-region sequences men-

160 Vol. 59VU et al.Ta

ble

1.　

Cel

lula

r fa

tty a

cid

com

posi

tion

of th

e ge

nus

Ngu

yeni

bact

er.

Fatty

aci

dN

guye

niba

cter

Gluconacetobacter

Acidomonas

Komagataeibacter

Acetobacter

Gluconobacter

Asaia

Kozakia

Swaminathania

Saccharibacter

Neoasaia

Granulibacter

Tanticharoenia

Ameyamaea

Neokomagataea

1a2a

34

5a6

78

910

1112

1314

1516

Sat

urat

ed fa

tty a

cid

　C

14:0

0.6

0.8

4.9

0.4

2.6

1.7

0.6

1.2

1.3

2.1

2.0

1.3

1.0

0.7

0.8

　C

16:0

10.1

10.6

9.4

8.3

12.2

16.8

8.8

9.5

16.1

13.0

20.0

14.4

17.6

11.1

8.6

15.6

　C

17:0

0.2

0.4

0.8

0.3

0.4

1.1

　C

18:0

3.2

4.4

1.6

1.4

1.2

4.8

2.2

1.0

3.2

1.2

1.5

1.3

1.8

5.0

1.0

6.1

　C

19:0

cycl

oω8c

1.1

0.7

4.3

1.2

1.8

1.6

1.0

0.7

1.8

3.4

34.3

1.7

2.2

1.0

1.6

Hyd

roxy

fatty

aci

d

　C

10:0

3OH

1.2

　C

14:0

2OH

0.9

1.0

4.6

1.5

6.7

5.5

10.1

4.6

4.2

9.8

0.4

5.5

2.1

3.6

2.2

　C

16:0

2OH

5.5

6.2

6.8

5.2

10.4

4.9

2.6

7.5

5.5

9.1

5.9

10.7

1.1

8.1

5.7

3.6

　C

16:0

3OH

1.9

1.9

2.3

2.1

1.6

1.6

1.5

3.0

1.7

3.1

2.1

3.1

2.1

2.5

1.9

2.9

　C

18:0

3OH

1.0

1.0

0.9

0.9

0.2

2.1

1.4

1.1

0.7

1.1

1.6

1.1

1.0

0.5

3.5

　C

18:1

2OH

7.5

7.9

8.3

1.9

0.7

0.4

2.7

10.2

1.2

4.8

14.4

Mo

no

un

saru

rate

d fa

tty a

cid

　C

17:1

ω6c

0.2

0.2

0.6

0.6

1.5

　C

18:1

ω7c

63.6

62.3

61.1

65.8

60.6

58.7

69.6

66.0

61.8

52.6

30.7

53.2

57.4

64.1

68.0

48.9

Sum

med

feat

ure

2b1.

41.

41.

82.

10.

41.

52.

12.

31.

62.

80.

22.

42.

21.

51.

41.

8

　Th

e ta

ble

was

cite

d fro

m Y

ukph

an e

t al.

(201

1) w

ith s

light

mod

ifica

tions

.　

Abb

revi

atio

ns: 1

, Ngu

yeni

bact

er v

anla

ngen

sis

isol

ate

TN01

LGIT ; 2

, Ngu

yeni

bact

er v

anla

ngen

sis

isol

ate

VTH

-AC

01; 3

, Glu

cona

ceto

bact

er li

quef

acie

ns N

BR

C 1

2388

T ; 4, A

c-id

omon

as m

etha

nolic

a N

RIC

049

8T ; 5, K

omag

atae

ibac

ter x

ylin

us J

CM

764

4T ; 6, A

ceto

bact

er a

ceti

NB

RC

148

18T ; 7

, Glu

cono

bact

er o

xyda

ns N

BR

C 1

4819

T ; 8, A

saia

bog

oren

sis

NB

RC

165

94T ; 9

, Koz

akia

bal

iens

is N

BR

C 1

6664

T ; 10,

Sw

amin

atha

nia

salit

oler

ans

stra

in P

A51

T ; 11,

Sac

char

ibac

ter

floric

ola

stra

in S

-877

T ; 12,

Neo

asai

a ch

iang

mai

ensi

s st

rain

A

C28

T ; 13

, G

ranu

libac

ter

beth

esde

nsis

CG

DN

IH1T ;

14,

Tant

icha

roen

ia s

akae

rate

nsis

str

ain

AC

37T ;

15,

Am

eyam

aea

chia

ngm

aien

sis

stra

in A

C04

T ; 16

, N

eoko

mag

atae

a th

ai-

land

ica

AH

11T .

　a E

xam

ined

new

ly fo

r ce

llula

r fa

tty a

cid

com

posi

tion;

b com

pris

ed a

lde-

C12

:0 a

cid

and/

or u

nkno

wn

acid

s.　

Unk

now

n fa

tty a

cids

bel

ow 0

.5%

wer

e no

t lis

ted.


tioned above may be utilized for bacterial systematics as well.　As described above, the two isolates were indepen-dent phylogenetically from the type strains of species of the related genera, Gluconacetobacter, Acidomo-nas, and Komagataeibacter.　Morphologically, the two isolates had peritrichous flagellation (Fig. 5), which was identical especially with that of strains assigned to the genus Gluconaceto-bacter, but different from polar flagellation of strains assigned to the genus Acidomonas (Table 2). Physio-logically/biochemically, the two isolates oxidized ace-tate but not lactate. Such an oxidation pattern of ace-tate/lactate was, on the other hand, identical especially with that of the genus Acidomonas, but different from that of the genus Gluconacetobacter, in which both acetate and lactate were oxidized to carbon dioxide and water. The two isolates differed from strains of the genus Acidomonas in production of a water-soluble brown pigment and 2,5-diketo-D-gluconate and in no growth on methanol as a sole source of carbon. Che-motaxonomically, the two isolates differed from the type strain of Gluconacetobacter liquefaciens by showing a considerable amount of hydroxy fatty acid of C18:12OH and from the type strain of Acidomonas methanolica by showing no hydroxy fatty acid of C10:03OH. The phenotypic data of the two isolates were therefore as-sumed to reflect a phylogenetic intermediary position between the genera Gluconacetobacter and Acidomo-nas. In addition, no production of acetic acid from ethanol being found in the two isolates decisively dif-

ferentiated them from the strains of the two genera. The calculated G+C contents of the two isolates also sup-ported such a differentiation genetically.　It is quite unique that the production of acetic acid from ethanol was not found in the two isolates, just as in most strains of Asaia species. It differentiated the two isolates from strains of any other genera except for the genus Asaia, which is discriminated by no produc-tion of a water-soluble brown pigment as well as 2,5-diketo-D-gluconate (Table 2). In the acetate/lactate oxidation pattern mentioned above, the two isolates were somewhat similar to strains of the genus Ameya-maea. However, the two isolates were also discrimi-nated by forming peritrichous but not polar flagellation and by production of a water-soluble brown pigment and 2,5-diketo-D-gluconate as well.　The two isolates, TN01LGIT and VTH-AC01, are thus distinguished at the generic level from strains of 14 genera of acetic acid bacteria phylogenetically, genet-ically, chemotaxonomically, morphologically, physio-logically, and biochemically, and are appropriately clas-sified under a separate new genus (Table 2). The name of Nguyenibacter vanlangensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is therefore introduced for the two isolates.

Description of Nguyenibacter gen. nov.　Nguyenibacter [Ngu.ye.ni.bac’ter. N. L. masc. n. Nguy-enius Nguyen (the name of a famous Vietnamese micro-biologist); N. L. masc. n. bacter, a rod; N. L. masc. n. Nguyenibacter a rod, which is named in honor of Dr. Dung Lan Nguyen, Professor, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vietnam National University-Ha-noi, Hanoi, Vietnam, who contributed to the study of microorganisms, especially of strains isolated in Viet-nam].　Gram-negative rods and motile with peritrichous fla-gella, measuring 0.6‒0.8×1.0‒1.6 µm. Colonies are entire, smooth, transparent, creamy to brownish. Cat-alase is positive, and oxidase is negative. Grows on nitrogen-free LGI medium. Oxidizes acetate to carbon dioxide and water but not lactate. Does not produce acetic acid from ethanol. Growth is weakly positive ei-ther on 30% D-glucose w/v or in the presence of 0.35% acetic acid v/v. Grows on glutamate agar and mannitol agar. Does not grow in the presence of 1.0% KNO3 w/v or 3.0% NaCl w/v. Produces a water-soluble brown pigment on glucose/yeast extract/calcium carbonate medium. Production of dihydroxyacetone from glyc-erol is negative. Levan-like polysaccharides are pro-

Fig. 5.　A transmission electron micrograph of Nguyeni-bacter vanlangensis isolate TN01LGIT.　Bacterial cells were cultivated on a glucose/ethanol/peptone/yeast extract agar plate at 30°C for 24 h. Bar, 1 µm. Isolate VTH-AC01 had peritrichous flagellation (not shown).


Cha

ract

eris

ticN

guye

niba

cter

Gluconacetobacter

Acidomonas

Komagataeibacter

Acetobacter

Gluconobacter

Asaia

Kozakia

Swaminathania

Saccharibacter

Neoasaia

Granulibacter

Tanticharoenia

Ameyamaea

Neokomagataea

12

34

56

78

910

a11

b12

c13

d14

e15

f16

g

Flag

ella

tion

per

per

per

poli

npe

rmpo

lmpe

rn

per

nn

nn

pol

nO

xida

tion

of　

Ace

tate

++

++

++

-w

ww

--

w-

+-

　La

ctat

e-

-+

-+

+-

ww

ww

-+

-w

-G

row

th o

n:　

30%

D-G

luco

se (

w/v

)w

w-

+i

nd-

-n+

w+

++

nd+

-+

　1%

D-G

luco

se (

w/v

)+

++

++

++

++

nd-

ndnd

nd+

+　

Glu

tam

ate

agar

++

+-

+-

-+

-+

-l+

+w

w+

　M

anni

tol a

gar

++

+w

+vw

++

++

++

w+

++

　R

affin

ose

++

--

nd-

w+

wnd

nd+

nd-

--

Gro

wth

in th

e pr

esen

ce o

f 　

0.35

% a

cetic

aci

d (w

/v)

ww

++

++

+-

++

-+

nd+

+-

　1%

KN

O3

(w/v

)-

--

+a

nd-

--

-+

nd-

nd-

--

Pro

duct

ion

of a

cetic

aci

d fro

m e

than

ol-

-+

++

++

-+

+w

/-+

vw+

+w

Wat

er-s

olub

le b

row

n pi

gmen

t pro

duct

ion

++

+-

--

--

-+

--

nd+

--

Pro

duct

ion

of d

ihyd

roxy

acet

one

from

gly

cero

l-

-+

-+

++

ww

+-

w-

+w

-P

rodu

ctio

n of

leva

n-lik

e po

lysa

ccha

ride

++

--

--

--

+nd

--

nd-

--

Ass

imila

tion

of a

mm

onia

c ni

trog

en o

n　

D-G

luco

se-

-+

wnd

-+

+-

nd-

-+

-vw

vw　

D-M

anni

tol

ww

+w

nd-

++

-nd

-w

nd-

vw-

　E

than

ol-

--

wnd

w-

--

nd-

-nd

-vw

vwP

rodu

ctio

n of

　2-

Ket

o-D-g

luco

nate

++

+nd

++

++

+nd

++

nd+

++

　5-

Ket

o-D-g

luco

nate

--

+nd

++

++

+nd

++

nd+

++

　2,

5-D

iket

o-D-g

luco

nate

++

+nd

--

-n-

-nd

-g-

nd+

-+

Aci

d pr

oduc

tion

from

　D-M

anni

tol

--

-w

--

++

--

+w

--

--

Tabl

e 2.　

Cha

ract

eris

tics

diffe

rent

iatin

g th

e ge

nus

Ngu

yeni

bact

er.


Cha

ract

eris

ticN

guye

niba

cter

Gluconacetobacter

Acidomonas

Komagataeibacter

Acetobacter

Gluconobacter

Asaia

Kozakia

Swaminathania

Saccharibacter

Neoasaia

Granulibacter

Tanticharoenia

Ameyamaea

Neokomagataea

12

34

56

78

910

a11

b12

c13

d14

e15

f16

g

　D-S

orbi

tol

--

--

--

++

(d)

-+

-+

(d)

--

--

　D

ulci

tol

--

--

nd-

w+

(d)

-v

-w

--

--

　G

lyce

rol

--

++

nd+

++

++

-+

w/-

+w

-　

Raf

finos

ew

w-

-nd

--

++

nd-

+nd

w-

-　

Eth

anol

--

++

++

+-

++

-+

++

+-

Maj

or is

opre

noid

qui

none

Q-1

0Q

-10

Q-1

0Q

-10

Q-1

0Q

-9Q

-10

Q-1

0Q

-10

Q-1

0Q

-10

Q-1

0Q

-10f

Q-1

0Q

-10

Q-1

0D

NA

G+

C (

mol

%)

69.4

68.1

64.5

h62

i62

.558

.6h

60.6

h60

.2j

57.2

k57

.6‒5

9.9

52.3

63.1

59.1

65.6

66.0

56.8

　Th

e ta

ble

was

cite

d fro

m Y

ukph

an e

t al.

(201

1) a

nd Y

amad

a et

al.

(201

2b)

with

slig

ht m

odifi

catio

ns.

　A

bbre

viat

ions

: pol

, pol

ar; p

er, p

eritr

icho

us; n

, non

e; +

, pos

itive

; -, n

egat

ive;

w, w

eakl

y po

sitiv

e; v

w, v

ery

wea

kly

posi

tive;

d, d

elay

ed; v

, var

iabl

e; n

d, n

ot d

eter

min

ed; 1

, Ngu

y-en

ibac

ter

vanl

ange

nsis

isol

ate

TN01

LGIT ;

2, N

guye

niba

cter

van

lang

ensi

s is

olat

e V

TH-A

C01

(=

VTC

C-B

-119

0 =

BC

C 5

4775

= N

BR

C 1

0933

7);

3, G

luco

nace

toba

cter

liqu

efa-

cien

s N

BR

C 1

2388

T ; 4, A

cido

mon

as m

etha

nolic

a N

RIC

049

8T ; 5, K

omag

atae

ibac

ter

xylin

us J

CM

764

4T ; 6, A

ceto

bact

er a

ceti

NB

RC

148

18T ; 7

, Glu

cono

bact

er o

xyda

ns N

BR

C

1481

9T ; 8,

Asa

ia b

ogor

ensi

s N

BR

C 1

6594

T ; 9,

Koz

akia

bal

iens

is N

BR

C 1

6664

T ; 10

, Sw

amin

atha

nia

salit

oler

ans

stra

in P

A51

T ; 11

, Sa

ccha

ribac

ter

floric

ola

stra

in S

-877

T ; 12

, N

eoas

aia

chia

ngm

aien

sis

stra

in A

C28

T ; 13

, G

ranu

libac

ter

beth

esde

nsis

CG

DN

IH1T ;

14,

Tant

icha

roen

ia s

akae

rate

nsis

str

ain

AC

37T ;

15,

Am

eyam

aea

chia

ngm

aien

sis

stra

in

AC

04T ; 1

6, N

eoko

mag

atae

a th

aila

ndic

a A

H11

T .　

Cite

d fro

m a

Loga

nath

an a

nd N

air

(200

4), b Jo

jima

et a

l. (2

004)

, c Yukp

han

et a

l. (2

005)

, d Gre

enbe

rg e

t al.

(200

6), e Yu

kpha

n et

al.

(200

8), f Yu

kpha

n et

al.

(200

9), g Yu

kpha

n et

al

. (20

11),

h Yam

ada

et a

l. (1

981)

, i Yam

ashi

ta e

t al.

(200

4), j Ya

mad

a et

al.

(200

0), a

nd k Li

sdiy

anti

et a

l. (2

002)

. l Acc

ordi

ng to

Joj

ima

et a

l. (2

004)

, gro

wth

was

sho

wn

at 7

% g

luta

-m

ate

w/v

but

not

at 1

% g

luta

mat

e w

/v. m

Som

e st

rain

s in

the

genu

s ar

e no

n-m

otile

. n Som

e st

rain

s in

the

genu

s ar

e po

sitiv

e.

Tabl

e 2.　

Con

tinue

d


duced, when grown on sucrose. Ammoniac nitrogen is weakly assimilated on D-mannitol, but not on D-glucose or ethanol. Produces 2-keto-D-gluconate and 2,5-dike-to-D-gluconate from D-glucose. γ-Pyrone compounds are weakly produced from either D-glucose or D-fructose. Cellular fatty acids are composed of C18:1ω7c acid as the major and C14:0, C16:0, C14:02OH, C16:02OH, C18:12OH, and other acids as the minor. A major isoprenoid qui-none is Q-10. DNA G+C contents are 68.1‒69.4 mol%, with a range of 1.3 mol%. The type species is Nguyeni-bacter vanlangensis sp. nov.

Description of Nguyenibacter vanlangensis sp. nov.　Nguyenibacter vanlangensis (van.lan.gen’sis N. L. masc. adj. vanlangensis of or pertaining to Vanlang, the old name of Vietnam).　Characteristics are the same as those described in the genus. Acid is produced from D-glucose, D-galac-tose, D-xylose, L-arabinose, D-fructose weakly, maltose, melibiose, sucrose, or raffinose weakly, but not from D-arabinose, L-rhamnose, L-sorbose, D-mannitol, D-sorbi-tol, dulcitol, meso-inositol, glycerol, lactose, or ethanol. Grows on D-glucose, D-galactose, D-xylose weakly, L-arabinose weakly, D-fructose weakly, L-sorbose weak-ly, D-mannitol weakly, D-sorbitol weakly, glycerol, malt-ose, melibiose weakly, sucrose, or raffinose, but not on D-arabinose, L-rhamnose, dulcitol, meso-inositol, lac-tose, or ethanol. The type strain is isolate TN01LGIT (= VTCC-B-1189T = BCC 54774T = NBRC 109046T), whose DNA G+C content is 69.4 mol% and which was isolated from the rhizosphere of Asian rice collected at Long Thanh Trung Commune, Hoa Thanh District, Tay Ninh Province, Vietnam.

References

Asai, T., Iizuka, H., and Komagata, K. (1964) The flagellation and taxonomy of genera Gluconobacter and Acetobacter with reference to the existence of intermediate strains. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., 10, 95‒126.

Brosius, J., Palmer, M. L., Kennedy, P. J., and Noller, H. F. (1978) Complete nucleotide sequence of a 16S ribosomal RNA gene from Escherichia coli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 75, 4801‒4805.

Brosius, J., Dull, T. J., Sleeter, D. D., and Noller, H. F. (1981) Gene organization and primary structure of a ribosomal RNA op-eron from Escherichia coli. J. Mol. Biol., 148, 107‒127.

Cavalcante, V. A. and Döbreiner, J. (1988) A new acid-tolerant nitrogen fixing bacterium associated with sugar cane. Plant Soil, 108, 23‒31.

Ezaki, T., Yamamoto, N., Ninomiya, K., Suzuki, S., and Yabuu-chi, E. (1983) Transfer of Peptococcus indolicus, Pepto-coccus asaccharolyticus, Peptococcus prevotii, and Pep-tococcus magnus to the genus Peptostreptococcus and proposal of Peptostreptococcus tetradius sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 33, 683‒698.

Ezaki, T., Hashimoto, Y., and Yabuuchi, E. (1989) Fluorometric deoxyribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization in microdilution wells as an alternative to membrane filter hybridization in which radioisotopes are used to determine genetic relatedness among bacterial strains. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 39, 224‒229.

Fell, J. W. (1993) Rapid identification of yeast species using three primers in a polymerase chain reaction. Mol. Mar. Biol. Biotechnol., 2, 174‒180.

Felsenstein, J. (1981) Evolutionary trees from DNA sequences: A maximum likelihood approach. J. Mol. Evol., 17, 368‒376.

Felsenstein, J. (1983) Parsimony in systematics: Biological and statistical issues. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 14, 313‒333.

Felsenstein, J. (1985) Confidence limits on phylogenies: An ap-proach using the bootstrap. Evolution, 39, 783‒791.

Franke, I. H., Fegan, M., Hayward, C., Leonard, G., Stacke-brandt, E., and Sly, L. I. (1999) Description of Gluconaceto-bacter sacchari sp. nov., a new species of acetic acid bac-terium isolated from the leaf sheath of sugar cane and from the pink sugar-cane mealy bug. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 49, 1681‒1693.

Fuentes-Ramírez, L. E., Bustillos-Cristales, R., Tapia-Hernán-dez, A., Jiménes-Salgado, T., Wang, E. T., Martínez-Rome-ro, E., and Caballero-Mellado, J. (2001) Novel nitrogen-fix-ing acetic acid bacteria, Gluconacetobacter johannae sp. nov. and Gluconacetobacter azotocaptans sp. nov., associ-ated with coffee plants. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 51, 1305‒1314.

Gillis, M., Kersters, K., Hoste, B., Janssens, D., Kroppenstedt, R. M., Stephan, M. P., Teixeira, K. R. S., Döbereiner, J., and De Ley, J. (1989) Acetobacter diazotrophicus sp. nov., a nitro-gen-fixing acetic acid bacterium associated with sugar-cane. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 39, 361‒364.

Greenberg, D. E., Porcella, S. F., Stock, F., Wong, A., Conville, P. S., Murray, P. R., Holland, S. M., and Zelazny, A. M. (2006) Granulibacter bethesdensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a distinctive pathogenic acetic acid bacterium in the family Acetobacte-raceae. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 56, 2609‒2616.

Jindamorakot, S., Yukphan, P., and Yamada, Y. (2012) Kockio-zyma gen. nov., for Zygozyma suomiensis: The phylogeny of the Lipomycetaceous yeasts. Ann. Microbiol., 62, 1831‒1840.

Jojima, Y., Mihara, Y., Suzuki, S., Yokozeki, K., Yamanaka, S., and Fudou, R. (2004) Saccharibacter floricola gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel osmophilic bacterium isolated from pol-len. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 54, 2263‒2267.

Katsura, K., Kawasaki, H., Potacharoen, W., Saono, S., Seki, T., Yamada, Y., Uchimura, T., and Komagata, K. (2001) Asaia siamensis sp. nov., an acetic acid bacterium in the


α-Proteobacteria. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 51, 559‒563.Katsura, K., Yamada, Y., Uchimura, T., and Komagata, K. (2002)

Gluconobacter asaii Mason and Claus 1989 is a junior sub-jective synonym of Gluconobacter cerinus Yamada and Aki-ta 1984. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 52, 1635‒1640.

Kimura, M. (1980) A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. J. Mol. Evol., 16, 111‒120.

Kommanee, J., Tanasupawat, S., Yukphan, P., Malimas, T., Mu-ramatsu, Y., Nakagawa, Y., and Yamada, Y. (2011) Glucono-bacter nephelii sp. nov., an acetic acid bacterium in the class Alphaproteobacteria. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 61, 2117‒2122.

Kurtzman, C. P. and Robnett, C. J. (1998) Identification and phy-logeny of ascomycetous yeasts from analysis of nuclear large subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA partial sequences. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 73, 331‒371.

Kurtzman, C. P., Fell, J. W., and Boekhout, T. (2011) Gene se-quence analyses and other DNA-based methods for yeast species recognition. In The Yeasts: A Taxonomic Study, 5th ed., Vol. 1, ed. by Kurtzman, C. P., Fell, J. W., and Boek-hout, T., Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 137‒144.

Lisdiyanti, P., Kawasaki, H., Seki, T., Yamada, Y., Uchimura, T., and Komagata, K. (2000) Systematic study of the genus Acetobacter with descriptions of Acetobacter indonesiensis sp. nov., Acetobacter tropicalis sp. nov., Acetobacter orlea-nensis (Henneberg 1906) comb. nov., Acetobacter lovanien-sis (Frateur 1950) comb. nov. and Acetobacter estunensis (Carr 1958) comb. nov. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., 46, 147‒165.

Lisdiyanti, P., Kawasaki, H., Widyastuti, Y., Saono, S., Seki, T., Yamada, Y., Uchimura, T., and Komagata, K. (2002) Kozakia baliensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel acetic acid bacterium in the α-Proteobacteria. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 52, 813‒818.

Lisdiyanti, P., Navarro, R. R., Uchimura, T., and Komagata, K. (2006) Reclassification of Gluconacetobacter hansenii strains and proposals of Gluconacetobacter sacchariv-orans sp. nov. and Gluconacetobacter nataicola sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 56, 2101‒2111.

Loganathan, P. and Nair, S. (2004) Swaminathania salitolerans gen. nov., sp. nov., a salt-tolerant, nitrogen-fixing and phos-phate-solubilizing acetic acid bacterium from wild rice (Por-teresia coarctata Tateoka). Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 54, 1185‒1190.

Marmur, J. (1961) A procedure for isolation of deoxyribonucleic acid from micro-organisms. J. Mol. Biol., 3, 208‒218.

Muramatsu, Y., Yukphan, P., Takahashi, M., Kaneyasu, M., Mali-mas, T., Potacharoen, W., Yamada, Y., Nakagawa, Y., Tanticha-roen, M., and Suzuki, K. (2009) 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis of acetic acid bacteria isolated from Thailand. Micro-biol. Cult. Coll., 25, 13‒20.

Navarro, R. R. and Komagata, K. (1999) Differentiation of Gluco-nacetobacter liquefaciens and Gluconacetobacter xylinus on the basis of DNA base composition, DNA relatedness, and oxidation products from glucose. J. Gen. Appl. Micro-

biol., 45, 7‒15.Saito, H. and Miura, K. (1963) Preparation of transforming de-

oxyribonucleic acid by phenol treatment. Biochim. Bio-phys. Acta, 72, 619‒629.

Saitou, N. and Nei, M. (1987) The neighbor-joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol. Biol. Evol., 4, 406‒425.

Swings, J., Gillis, M., and Kersters, K. (1992) Phenotypic identi-fication of acetic acid bacteria. In Identification Methods in Applied and Environmental Microbiology (The Society for Applied Bacteriology, Technical Series No. 29), ed. by Board, R. G., Jones, D., and Skinner, F. A., Blackwell Scien-tific, Oxford, pp. 103‒110.

Tamaoka, J. and Komagata, K. (1984) Determination of DNA base composition by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 25, 125‒128.

Tamura, K., Peterson, D., Peterson, N., Stecher, G., Nei, M., and Kumar, S. (2011) MEGA 5: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol. Biol. Evol., 28, 2731‒2739.

Tazato, N., Nishijima, M., Handa, Y., Kigawa, R., Sano, C., and Sugiyama, J. (2012) Gluconacetobacter tumulicola sp. nov. and Gluconacetobacter asukensis sp. nov., isolated from the stone chamber interior of the Kitora Tumulus. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 62, 2032‒2038.

Thompson, J. D., Gibson, T. J., Plewniak, F., Jeanmougin, F., and Higgins, D. G. (1997) The CLUSTAL X windows inter-face: Flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res., 25, 4876‒4882.

Verlander, C. P. (1992) Detection of horseradish peroxidase by colorimetry. In Nonisotopic DNA Probe Techniques, ed. by Kricka, L. J., Academic Press, New York, pp. 185‒201.

Yamada, Y. and Kawasaki, H. (1989) The molecular phylogeny of the Q8-equipped basidiomycetous yeast genera Mrakia Yamada et Komagata and Cystofilobasidium Oberwinkler et Bandoni based on the partial sequences of 18S and 26S ribosomal ribonucleic acids. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., 35, 173‒183.

Yamada, Y. and Nagahama, T. (1991) The molecular phylogeny of the ascomycetous yeast genus Holleya Yamada based on the partial sequences of 18S and 26S ribosomal ribo-nucleic acids. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., 37, 199‒206.

Yamada, Y. and Nogawa, C. (1995) The phylogeny of the lipo-mycetaceous yeasts based on the partial sequences of 18S and 26S ribosomal RNAs. Bull. Fac. Agric. Shizuoka Univ., 45, 13‒23.

Yamada, Y. and Yukphan, P. (2008) Genera and species in ace-tic acid bacteria. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 125, 15‒24.

Yamada, Y., Aida, K., and Uemura, T. (1969) Enzymatic studies on the oxidation of sugar and sugar alcohol. V. Ubiquinone of acetic acid bacteria and its relation to classification of Gluconobacter and Acetobacter, especially of the so-called


intermediate strains. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., 15, 186‒196.Yamada, Y., Okada, Y., and Kondo, K. (1976) Isolation and char-

acterization of “polarly flagellated intermediate strains” in acetic acid bacteria. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., 22, 237‒245.

Yamada, Y., Ishikawa, T., Yamashita, M., Tahara, Y., Yamasato, K., and Kaneko, T. (1981) Deoxyribonucleic acid base com-position and deoxyribonucleic acid homology in acetic acid bacteria, especially in the polarly flagellated intermedi-ate strains. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., 27, 465‒475.

Yamada, Y., Hosono, R., Lisdiyanti, P., Widyastuti, Y., Saono, S., Uchimura, T., and Komagata, K. (1999) Identification of acetic acid bacteria isolated from Indonesian sources, es-pecially of isolates classified in the genus Gluconobacter. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., 45, 23‒28.

Yamada, Y., Katsura, K., Kawasaki, H., Widyastuti, Y., Saono, S., Seki, T., Uchimura, T., and Komagata, K. (2000) Asaia bog-orensis gen. nov., sp. nov., an unusual acetic acid bacteri-um in the α-Proteobacteria. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 50, 823‒829.

Yamada, Y., Yukphan, P., Vu, H. T. L., Muramatsu, Y., Ochaikul, D., and Nakagawa, Y. (2012a) Subdivision of the genus Gluconacetobacter Yamada, Hoshino and Ishikawa 1998: The proposal of Komagatabacter gen. nov., for strains ac-commodated to the Gluconacetobacter xylinus group in the α-Proteobacteria. Ann. Microbiol., 62, 849‒859.

Yamada, Y., Yukphan, P., Vu, H. T. L., Muramatsu, Y., Ochaikul,

D., Tanasupawat, S., and Nakagawa, Y. (2012b) Descrip-tion of Komagataeibacter gen. nov., with proposals of new combinations (Acetobacteraceae). J. Gen. Appl. Microbi-ol., 58, 397‒404.

Yamada, Y., Yukphan, P., Vu, H. T. L., Muramatsu, Y., Ochaikul,

D., Tanasupawat, S., and Nakagawa, Y. (2013) Validation list no. 149. List of new names and new combinations pre-

viously effectively, but not validly, published. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 63, 1‒5.

Yamashita, S., Uchimura, T., and Komagata, K. (2004) Emenda-tion of the genus Acidomonas Urakami, Tamaoka, Suzuki and Komagata 1989. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 54, 865‒870.

Yukphan, P., Potacharoen, W., Tanasupawat, S., Tanticharoen, M., and Yamada, Y. (2004) Asaia krungthepensis sp. nov., an acetic acid bacterium in the α-Proteobacteria. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 54, 313‒316.

Yukphan, P., Malimas, T., Potacharoen, W., Tanasupawat, S., Tanticharoen, M., and Yamada, Y. (2005) Neoasia chiang-maiensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel osmotolerant acetic acid bacterium in the α-Proteobacteria. J. Gen. Appl. Mi-crobiol., 51, 301‒311.

Yukphan, P., Malimas, T., Muramatsu, Y., Takahashi, M., Kaneya-su, M., Tanasupawat, S., Nakagawa, Y., Suzuki, K., Potacha-roen, W., and Yamada, Y. (2008) Tanticharoenia sakaeraten-sis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new osmotolerant acetic acid bacterium in the α-Proteobacteria. Biosci. Biotechnol. Bio-chem., 72, 672‒676.

Yukphan, P., Malimas, T., Muramatsu, Y., Takahashi, M., Kane-yasu, M., Potacharoen, W., Tanasupawat, S., Nakagawa, Y., Hamana, K., Tahara, Y., Suzuki, K., Tanticharoen, M., and Yamada, Y. (2009) Ameyamaea chiangmaiensis gen. nov., sp. nov., an acetic acid bacterium in the α-Proteobacteria. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 73, 2156‒2162.

Yukphan, P., Malimas. T., Muramatsu, Y., Potacharoen, W., Tana-supawat, S., Nakagawa, Y., Tanticharoen, M., and Yamada, Y. (2011) Neokomagataea gen. nov., with descriptions of Neokomagataea thailandica sp. nov. and Neokomagataea tanensis sp. nov., osmotolerant acetic acid bacteria of the α-Proteobacteria. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 75, 419‒426.

Nguyenibacter vanlangensis gen. nov., sp. nov., an unusual acetic acid bacterium in the...

Documents

Transcript of Nguyenibacter vanlangensis gen. nov., sp. nov., an unusual acetic acid bacterium in the...