Nanomaterials for Industrial Wastewater - DAIS Analytic

Nanomaterials for Industrial Wastewater

Materials Moving Molecules 14 March 2018 – Slide 1© 2018 Dais Analytic Corporation. All rights reserved. www.daisanalytic.com

Dais: An Overview

Aqualyte™: The Foundation of Dais

NanoClear™: The Future of Clean Water


Materials Moving Molecules © 2018 Dais Analytic Corporation. All rights reserved. www.daisanalytic.com 14 March 2018 – Slide 2

Dais AnalyticExperienced nanotechnology innovation company

A world leader in nanotechnology polymer materials Invented/commercialized a disruptive family of nanomaterials (Aqualyte™)

Headquarters outside of Tampa, Florida, USA

22 patents issued or pending

History of Dais Incorporated in 1999, 16 employees

Developed Aqualyte as a PEM fuel cell membrane

Commercialized ConsERV energy recovery ventilator for HVAC in 2004

Added NanoClear product line in 2017

Our business model Entrepreneurial, product-based outlook

Focus on membrane and value-added components featuring the membrane

License and supply to partners who engineer and sell complete systems

Tampa, FL

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Incorporation ConsERV commercialization NanoClear development begins NanoClear commercializationNanoClear product development and testing

Innovative nanotechnology materials and processes addressing global needs in energy and water.

The unique, proven features of the Aqualyte™ family of

nanomaterials allow Dais to offer disruptive, first-in-a-generation

technology that keeps our air cleaner, conserves our energy, and

provides incredibly clean water. The employees of Dais believe

that as our company profits, so too should our planet and our

people.

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Patented polymer with carefully tailored properties

Dense, nonporous material Blocks passage of most gases and volatile compounds

Highly selective Strongly favors water molecules while rejecting most

contaminants

High flux Transfer water molecules readily via pervaporation

Fully commercialized Proven durability over 15 years

Modified block copolymer self-organizes Polar functional groups make polymer partially hydrophilic

“Like” blocks solidify beside each other

Nanoscale structure results (see TEM image)

5 – 20 nm wide region

Membrane cross-section (TEM)

Dark areas in image are solid regions of hydrophilic polymer

Conceptual image of a hydrated Aqualyte membrane (drawing is not to scale)

Hydrophobic region

Hydrophobic region

Hydrophobic region

Hydrophilic region

Hydrophilic regionPolymer swells with water molecules

Hydrophobic regions provide structure

Hydrophilic region

Hydrophilic region

Hydrophobic region

Provides a “superhighway” for water molecules to permeate through the polymer at high speed.

NanoClear™ OverviewFouling-resistant treatment of concentrated water



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Selective membrane Strong rejection of ions & nonpolar molecules

TDS to 250,000 mg/L

COD to 50,000 mg/L

pH 2 - 11

Product water < 10 mg/L TDS; independent of wastewater input

Capture 60 – 99% of wastewater

Varying transmission of polar molecules

Size, volatility are also parameters

Pervaporation membrane distillation Water molecules permeate and evaporate

Vapor is condensed to product water

Membrane flux ≥ microporous materials

Vapor pressure difference drives transfer between surfaces

Thermal ProcessingFundamentally different from most membranes

Low pressure evaporation Driven by thermal gradient

Energy requirement is independent of TDS

Approximately 2350 kJ per kg evaporated

External heat maintains gradient Evaporative cooling reduces wastewater temperature

Circulation flow >> product flow

High volume, low pressure flow

Batch or continuous

Today’s membrane evaporator is part of a larger product line Maximizes driving force for recovery from high concentration water

Multiple effect evaporators (2H 2018 release) re-use external heat

Membrane-enhanced MVR will operate without external heat



Concentrate

Heat Source

Membrane Evaporator

Warm Wastewater

Circulation Flow

Heated Wastewater

Makeup Water

Vacuum Pump

Condenser

Produced Water

Cooling Loop

Heat Sink

Water Vapor

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Specializing in Harsh EnvironmentsSurface structure & chemistry reduce fouling, product excels with high TDS water

No pores

Strongly hydrophilic materials create an exclusion zone (see images ) Hydrogen bonding organizes “sheath” of water molecules that help keep material from fouling

Foulants that make it to the surface find little purchase and are easily swept away in cross-flow

Biofouling resistant Smooth surface, acidic environment

Little pretreatment required Remove suspended solids > 20 μm

Minimal maintenance

Image from Zheng, Jian-ming and Gerald Pollack. "Long-range forces extending from polymer-gel surfaces." Physical Review E (2003): 0314081-0314088

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Bacteria

Polymer Cross Section

5 - 20 nm domains

500 nm

How Small is a Nanometer?



Fundamentally DifferentLow-pressure thermal process doesn’t act like pressure-based filtration

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NanoClear Reverse Osmosis (RO)

Technology SummaryHot wastewater passes over membrane;

water vapor transferred via vapor pressure differential

Water forced through membrane by overcoming osmotic pressure

Operational Pressures < 35 kPa 1000 – 7000 kPa

Membrane Fouling Little or no fouling Susceptible

Wastewater Treatment Little or no pretreatment Pre- and post-treatment required

High Saline Content25% salinity with no membrane damage or

energy increaseDifficult to exceed 6 – 8% salinity because

of increase in energy usage

Recovery 60 – 99% 20 – 70%

Product Water Quality (TDS) 0 – 5 ppm 100 – 400 ppm



Market PositionNanoClear benefits vs. conventional technology

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PrefiltrationUF 1 and UF 2

$0.23/m3 OPEX RO 1 and RO 2

$0.50 - $1.50/m3 OPEX

PrefiltrationNanoClear

$0.30 - $0.40/m3Sand / ClayUndissolved Organics SolidsSuspended SolidsColloidal SolutionsOil EmulsionsMacromoleculesBacterial / CellsVirusesProteinsLow MW Organic CompoundsMultivalent IonsMonovalent IonsFilter NanoClear

Membrane

Waste Water Product

Water

Waste Water

Product Water

NanoClear OPEX assumes access to waste heat at zero cost

The NanoClear process reduces OPEX up to 77%

UF Membrane UF Membrane RO Membrane RO Membrane

OPEX =$0.30 -

$0.40/m3

OPEX =$0.73 -

$1.73/m3

Filter

Simpler process Simple filtration to 20 μm suspended solids

OPEX With freely available waste heat, OPEX = $0.30 -

$0.40/m3

Two passes of UF + RO can easily cost 3X more

CAPEX CAPEX equal to or up to 2X greater than

competition today

Optimization, design for manufacturing will bring price within 10% at scale

High quality output from concentrated brine



Why NanoClear?Materials and process yield many advantages

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NanoClear Impact Parameters Customer Experience

Clean contaminated water no one else can clean as well

Industrial waste, high salinity brine Opens new markets

Produce high purity water 100X cleaner than the US EPA drinking water standard Product is potable water

Reduce pre-treatment 20 µm suspended solids filtration Reduces CAPEX, OPEX

Capture waste heat Low-grade waste heat to maintain 50 – 75 °C Reduces OPEX

Low water pressure required Plastic piping instead of stainless or titanium Reduces CAPEX, OPEX

Replace multiple processes with one 1 NanoClear pass = 2 x UF + 2 x RO Lower operating cost

Capture more clean water Up to 98% capture rates Less effluent, lower operating costs

Reduce biofouling ASTM G-21 and G-22 antimicrobial and antifungal testing Higher up-time and lower costs



Case StudyShanghai, China

1 m3/day

Waste heat provided

Objective Evaluate with high-salinity wastewater

Currently feeds to four-step nanofiltration process

Motivation Seeking cost-effective method to export salts

Unhappy with current technology limits

NanoClear to increase concentration

Results Test data covers 2017/12/12 to 2018/02/01

CAPEX = $18,129

OPEX = $0.59/m3 vs $0.84/m3 for existing process

Reduced TDS by 99.99%

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Test Parameter Unit Value

Average Flux L/hr-m2 10.3

Initial Wastewater Conductivity μS/cm 86,000

Concentrated Wastewater Conductivity μS/cm 205,000

Product Water Conductivity μS/cm 4



Commercial ProductsNanoClear membrane evaporators are currently being shipped

Evaporators are modular Connect in parallel to achieve increased capacity

Commercial evaporator capacities from 100 – 500 L/hr

Initial test units available from 4- 20 L/hr

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SubstanceBefore (mg/L)

After (mg/L)

Percent Reduction

Calcium 3,100 0.219 100%

Cesium 5,000 0.0012 100%

Chloride 132,000 4 100%

COD 50,300 13 100%

Fluoride 167 0.19 99.9%

Iron 199 0.116 99.9%

Lead 8,830 8 99.9%

Magnesium 8,820 5.93 99.9%

Potassium 1,500 2.07 99.9%

Sodium 79,600 65.2 99.9%

Sulfate 15,100 17.8 99.9%

TDS 230,000 8 100%

Third party test results show excellent product water quality

APPLICATIONS: Onsite industrial water

Implement ZLD with re-use of water

Heat sources become water resources Use power plants, incinerators, etc. to turn wastewater into potable



Present and FutureNumerous NanoClear pilots, advancing engineering

NanoClear status Reclaimed water field trial since 2013

Customer water evaluation since 2017

Customer pilots coming online in China

Salt production brine

Coal chemical waste

Lithium battery waste

Petrochemical wastewater

Desulphurization water

15 pilot units in total

Next gen NanoClear engineering Multiple effects to improve GOR

Vapor compression: Eliminate need for external heat

Wider application

Multiple Effect Membrane Evaporation

Multiple Effect Membrane Vapor Compression

Single Effect Membrane Evaporation

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Engineering optimization will manage heat better to expand markets


Materials Moving Molecules 14 March 2018 – Slide 13© 2018 Dais Analytic Corporation. All rights reserved. www.daisanalytic.com

Dais believes that “waste” heat is a valuable commodity to be used productively as it travels to the environment.

Our Aqualyte membrane uses heat to reduce wastewater discharges and produce high-purity potable water for onsite re-use.

Thank you for the chance to share these exciting products.

Dais Analytic Corporation

11552 Prosperous Drive

Odessa, FL 33556 USA

www.daisanalytic.com

USA: +1-727-375-8484

China: +86 156 5263 9206

Nanomaterials for Industrial Wastewater - DAIS Analytic

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