ii

DECLARATION

I, Kristopher A. Mushi declare that this paper on the

assessment of the physical and social economic contribution

of minerals for the well being of people particularly in

Simanjiro submitted to Tumaini University Makumira, Faculty

of Humanities and Social Sciences has never been submitted

to any other University for a similar award.

Candidate’s signature: ………………………..

Candidate’s Registration number:………………………….

Date…………………………

iii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I will not be loyal if I do not express my sincere

thanks and heartfelt appreciation to God for the tender care

and health; He provided me all the time long up to the

completion of this research. I am owed the topmost gratitude

to my supervisor Mr. Onesmo Kivuyo for his great help to me

and his tireless effort of guiding, teaching, reading and

suggesting improvements at various stages of this study.

Thanks to my Parents Mr. and Mrs. Asser A Mushi for their

good care and support up now my sincere thanks go to my

brother Mr. Godlight Mushi for his advices. Also thanks to

my lovely friend Miss Gabriella John, who kept praying for

me all the time of conducting this research and giving me

material and moral support. I also thank my friend Mr

Malima .F with his friend Miss Masawe H. Also I acknowledge

iv

Mr. Chacha. M. TUMA so president 2012-2013 for his support

without forgot Mr Mrosso F. and Rev. Masawe C. for their

encouragement and material support and many others for the

same consideration for the contribution on completing my

research work.

TABLE OF CONTENTSDECLARATION....................................................iiACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..............................................iii

TABLE OF CONTENT…………………………………………………….……………………………………………………….iv

LIST OF TABLE.................................................vi

LIST OF FIGURES...............................................vii

v

ABSTRACT.....................................................viiiLIST OF ABBREVIATION...........................................ix

CHAPTER ONE;....................................................1ITRODUCTION.....................................................1

1.1. Background of the Problem..................................11.2. Definition of the Terms....................................3

1.3. Statement of the Problem...................................41.4. Purposes of the Study.....................................5

1.5. Research Objectives........................................61.6. Research Question..........................................6

1.7. Significant of the Problem.................................61.8. Delimitation (scope) of the Study......................7

CHAPHER TWO.....................................................82.1. LITERATURE REVIEW..........................................8

2.1. ITRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………82.2 .Research Gap..............................................10

CHAPTER THREE,.................................................113.1. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY...........................11

Introduction...................................................113.2 Research Design..........................................11

3.3. Qualitative Design........................................123.4. Quantitative Design.......................................12

3.5. Method of Data Collection.................................123.6. Questionnaire Method for Data Collection..................12

3.6.2. Interview Method for Data Collection....................133.8. Area of the Study.........................................13

3.9. Population/Sampling.......................................133.9. Data Analysis Procedures..................................14

3.10. Limitation of the Study..................................15

vi

CHAPTER FOUR...................................................161. DATA ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION DISCUSSION AND PRESENTATION...16

4.1. Introduction..............................................164.2.The meaning of sustainable, physical and social economy....17

4.2.1 Knowledge about sustainable in mining contribution to physical and social economy for the well being of the people...17

4.2. Contribution of mineral to the physical and social economy 184.4. The advice about mineral contribution to the physical and social economy.................................................19CHAPTER FIVE...................................................21

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS........................215.1. SUMMARY...................................................21

5.2. CONCLUSION................................................225.3. RECOMMENDATION...........................................22

REFERENCE......................................................23APENDICIES……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……25

vii

LIST OF TABLES

Table 01.Table to show the respected data resources and the

respondents…………….14

Table 2.Table to show the responses of the respondents.

………………………………16

Table 3.Table to show answer of the respondents.

……………………………………..13

Table 4. Table to show the result of respondents..

……………………………………...19

viii

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1…………………………………………………………………………18

Figure 2………………………………………………………………………....20

ix

x

ABSTRACT

The study looked on assessment of physical and social

economic contribution of mineral to sustainability for the

well being of the people the case of Simanjiro district. The

exploitation of natural resources can lead to the positive

and negative impact to the current and feature generation;

the researcher used both qualitative and quantitative

approaches; Questionnaires and Interview methods were used

for data collection. The problem of the research study was

on the extraction of mineral at Simanjiro district for the

present time and the need of the society in future

generation. This study was conducted at Simanjiro district

in Mirerani area. In order to fulfill the need of this

study in accurate manner the study collaborated with the

larger scale mining extraction investors and small scale

mining extraction investors as well as the district energy

and mineral department and also the society within the

recommended area. The study paved a way to the nation and

xi

society to be aware on the contribution of mineral in the

physical and social economy for the well being of the people

in a sustainable way. This study showed the level of society

and the national on how they involved in insuring mining

utilization for the well being of the people in the current

and future generation

LIST OF ABBREVIATION

1. Research on Poverty Alleviation…………………………..……….…….REPOA

2. Non-Governmental Organization …………………………………….….NGO

3. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural

Organization …….UNESCO

xii

4. United Nations Environment Programme …………………………....…

UNEP

5. World Wide Fund………………………………………..………………WWF

6. Ukrainian Television and Radio,…………………………………..…….URT

7. World bank……….………………………………………………………WB

1

CHAPTER ONE;

INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background of the Problem

The study was about the assessment of physical and

society economy contribution of mineral sustainable for the

well being of the people in Simajiro district. Mining

activities is part of traditional economy for many

communities living near or in areas where minerals were

discovered.

There are different types of mineral according to its

origin such as metal and non metal like fuel, gases, and

silver and gold. mineral can contribute in large amount of

economy to the nation, community as well as the individual

wealth but mining also contribute in huge amount in physical

change. From early 15th century when feudalism mode of

production was changed to capitalism mode of production in

the first stage of mercantilisms period mineral was very

2

precious issue especial silver and gold to any nation all

over the world because it lead to rise the national income

and its evidenced that mineral is among of the issue which

lead the rise of European nation,

According to African Economic Outlook (2007) a

publication of the African Development Bank (ADB), African

countries have been able to sustain an average Gross

Domestic Product (GDP) rate of 5.4 percent over the past

five years. This growth has been largely driven by a surge

in prices extractive resources, especially aluminum, copper,

gold and crude oil. However, political stability, good

economic management policies and an improved institutional

environment, have catalyzed the growth process in some

countries. In spite of all these economic growth trends, the

scourge of poverty is still having a major impact on the

African continent. The prospects of achieving the Millennium

Development Goals (MDGs) in Sub-Saharan Africa by the target

year 2015 remain bleak. Africa is by far the poorest region

of the world. There are some 400 million people who live on

less than $2 a day, and this figure is expected to rise to

3

some 600 million by 2015. Approximately 210 million people

live on less than $1 a day. On other side mineral lead the

among of the reach nation in Africa like south Africa,

Libya, Nigeria and other which is developing one it was

change from poverty to become reach nation.

Moreover the lives of any nation depend on natural

resources for both the present and future generations on the

economy. The world endowed with significant natural

resources, which include mineral. The depletion of these

resources will positively undermine the ecological

sustainability of economic activity. It is well-documented

that Tanzania is endowed with a number of minerals,

including Tanzanite which are found in Tanzania only in the

world. The mining sector was recently prioritized by the

Government of the United Republic of Tanzania due to its

recognized potential in playing a huge part in the

development and rapid economic growth of the country.

The purpose of conducting this study is to assess of

physical and social economic contribution of mineral to

4

sustainable for the well being of the people in Simanjiro

district for the dynamics within gold and Tanzanite mining

communities in Mererani area in Tanzania. Mineral extraction

in Mererani Simanjiro also contribute in the large amount

for the wealth of the nation, community and the individual

people within the surrounded area and in physical feature

mining also contribute to change it.

Researchers like Chachage et al (1993; P.77), Butler

(2004), Phillips et al (2001), Kulindwa and others) have

found that the Tanzania mining industry indicate influx of

foreign investors and increased contribution of industry to

Gross Domestic Product, (GDP) and revenues amid challenges

at local level, affecting communities and artisanal small-

scale minerals, (ASM).

Darimani (2001); Bank of Ghana (2003). Critics of the

trickle-down orthodox argue that based on evidence growth

alone is not sufficient enough to guarantee poverty

reduction and sustainable development. Campbell at al (2003;

P. 2). These effects provoke varying reactions and feeling

5

depending on the nature of investment, Sectors and community

dynamics.

1.2. Definition of the terms

Joy (1998;P. 60) The idea of sustainable development

was first used in an international forum in the world

conservation strategy (1980) the strategy published in

March 1980 was a document only 70 pages long representing

the work of some 700 scientist and specialist advisers and

450 government agencies and conservation organization. It

was the result of more than two years of intensive

preparation by IUCN with the financial backing and support

of the WWF, UNESCO, UNEP and United nation food and

agriculture organization (FAO, 1980).

Keller (2007) Sustainability is a term that has gained

popularity recently speaking general, it means that a

resources is used in such a way that it continues to be

available or it as ensuring that future generation have

equal opportunities to access the resources that our planet

offer.

6

Palmer (1998; p 60) the idea of sustainable development

was first in an international forum in the world

conservation strategy published in march 1980 was documented

only70 pages long represent the work of same 700 scientist

and specialist advises and 450 government organization it is

the result of more than two years of intensive preparation

by UNC with the financial backing and support of the WWF,

UNESCO, UNEP and United Nation Food organization

Miller (2007; P. 341) A mineral is an element or

inorganic compound that occur natural and is solid with a

regular internal crystalline structure .A few element

consist at a single element such as gold ,silver and

diamonds(carbon). But most at the more than 2,000 identified

mineral occurs as inorganic compound formed by various

combination at element example include salt (sodium

chloride) and quartz (silicon dioxides or SiO2)

1.3. Statement of the Problem

The study is about assessment of physical and social

economic contribution of mineral to sustainably in Manyara

7

region at Simanjiro district Mining extraction in Simanjiro

district is the one of activity which conducted for the

benefit of the people surrounded mining discovered area. The

problem of the study was to assess the mining contribution

in physical and social economy sustainably for the well

being of the people in Mirerani. Hence mining activities

does meet the need of presence and future generation on the

issue of physical and the social economy? This study looked

mining extraction if they meet the need of the future

generation by studying on how the activity was conducted in

Mirerani area.

Core nature of this study was due to extraction of mineral

in this time as well as the land erosion and degradation of

land coursed by mining activities in Mererani and the

economy of the society in the sustainable for the well being

of the people.

The merit of the study was to provide awareness to the

individual and the public about the use of land for the

current and future generation.

8

Moreover the study facilitated the national and

mistrial to formulate the policy about the sustainable

mining extraction on the issue of physical condition. The

study also assisted the alternative way of land management

during the extraction of the mining in the mining discovered

area.

This study had related with different issues. In

recent years, policy statements by the Ministry of Energy

and Minerals have highlighted the importance of ensuring

equitable policies to address concerns about land use

competition, displacement, large-scale/small-scale

partnerships, and other issues.

1.4. Purposes of the Study

The aim of the study was to assess the physical and

economic contribution of mineral sustainably for the well

being of the people in Simanjiro district. Mererani is the

core sources or to what extent mineral contribute social

economic of the society and physical features for the

sustainable for the well being of the people.

9

1.5. Research Objectives

The objectives of the study are as follows;

To explain the meaning of the sustainability to the

mining owner and the government concerning about

physical and social economy issue.

To identify the relationship between mineral, physical

features and the social economy sustainable for the

well being of the people.

To give an advice on the issue of physical and social

economy in the area of mineral extraction in order to

insure the possibility benefit in economy and physical

now and for future generation to meet their needs.

1.6. Research Question

10

The following are the questions used during

the research;

Is there any relationship between mining extraction,

land management and conservation to sustainable to the

social economic development?

Does the society have any advice concerning with mining

contribution in physical and economy of the society in

sustainable ways?

Do the mining owners (small scale and large scale) and

the government take attention and understand about

sustainable on physical and social economy to the

mining extraction for the well being of the people?

1.7. Significant of the Problem

The study concerning with assessment of physical and

social economic contribution of mineral sustainably for the

11

well being of the people in Simanjiro District, it has the

following significances,

The study enforced the government to introduce

Education and training programmes to reduce land degradation

and address environmental health risks as needed to be

accompanied by long-term measures to empower mineworkers to

access and adopt enhanced technologies.

Initiatives to tackle effect which caused by the mining

activity to take into account and meet other community

priorities, specifically to ensure that marginalized groups

locally defined priorities are addressed.

It helped to identify and address community priorities

by promoting local planning and to design interventions

through a bottom-up participatory approach.

1.8. Delimitation (scope) of the Study

The researcher conducted the research at Mereran area

Simanjiro district in Manyara Tanzania as the sample of the

mining activities area, the data was obtained through

12

collaboration with large scale mining administrator and

weaker also the study looked on the small scale mining

owners as well as the surrounding society within the mining

discovery area and mining administration sector in

Simanjiro district.

CHAPHER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. Introduction

Literature review refers to the text information of the

previous writing which related to the need of the current

conducted information.

A report by Hayes (2008) A number of strategies could

be used, including technology assistance, training, land

allocation, and other mechanisms, with an effort to expand

the capacities of the government to respond directly to the

concerns of marginalized mining groups in contested areas.

13

Miller (2007; P 341) A mineral is an element or

inorganic compound that occur natural and is solid with a

regular internal crystalline structure.

According to the United Nations Economic Commission for

Africa, indicators of overall sustainability encompassing

economic, environmental and institutional dimensions show

that African economies are less sustainable today than they

were 25 years ago . At the end of 2000 more than half the

population of the 38 countries assessed lived in economies

with low overall sustainability. Loss of productive land,

surface and groundwater pollution, and soil contamination

are part of the legacies of oil and mineral exploration..

Keller (2007; P 595) the mining and processing mineral

resources generally have a considerable impact on land,

water, air and biological resources. Furthermore as it

become necessary to use ores of lower and lower grater

negative effect on the environment land to become greater

problem

14

United Republic of Tanzania (2012; P 105) Poverty and

Human Development at reports 2011(MKUKUTA)-Publisher REPOA,

National Strategy for Growth and Refection at Poverty. Given

the important at the sustainable exploitation at natural

resource for reducing poverty in Tanzania, strengthened

system at monitoring natural resources extraction

Palmer (1998; P 83).The need for development is

obvious. We live in a world where a minority of the world’s

popularities lives with practices at unsustainable wasteful

consumerism whilst the majorities at the citizen at the

planet live in circumstances that do not provide for basic

human need. Numerous writers Wallace (1990) blame the

current ecological crisis on the working at the capitalist

world economy.

Pearce at al (1989) advances three themes that

characterize sustainable development. The first is the need

and value of the environment properly. We cannot manage

resources in a suitable way until their “true” price has

been recognize and paid by their benefiting from them. The

15

need to set realistic short medium and long term timescales

or frameworks for implement desired changes. The third theme

blue print for a green economy concerns intra generational

equity.

Miller (2007; P 6) There is growing evidence that

exponential growth in human activities such as burning

fossil fuels, clearing forest and mining extraction will

play an increasingly significant role in the changing the

earth climate during this century.

Andrew (2009; P 71) Human economic activities may lead to

rise in the number at examples of a particular habitat which

can lead to an expansion in the distribution of certain

species through often human have prompted a contraction in

the range of a particular species because of the removal or

modification of its preferred habitat.

2.2 .Research Gap

Many researchers which are ready conduct the research

about mineral contribution was looking on the positive

16

impact of mining to the economy without to trace on physical

distraction and social economy sustainable for the well

being of the people due to mining activities,”

United Republic of Tanzania (2012) Poverty and Human

Development at reports 2011(MKUKUTA)-Publisher REPOA. Page

105-106 National Strategy for Growth and Refection at

Poverty. The most recent data for the mining sector come

from 2010/11 budget speech at the Minister at energy and

minerals. In 2010.the Mining sector contributed 2.4% at the

National Revenue” hence that was not come across on how

does that mining activities also lead the negative effect

on the environment mostly on the land , mining activities

contribute for the large amount in physical degradation,

17

CHAPTER THREE,

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

3.1. Introduction

Macmillan English dictionary (2006; P 896) define

methodology as the method and principle used for doing

particular kind of work especially scientific or academic

research. This chapter aimed at explaining the study design,

area of study, targeted population, and sample selection

method for data collection instrument which used during

research and analysis procedures.

Longman dictionary (2003) defines methodology as the

methods and principles used for doing a particular kind of

work especially scientific or academic research

Kothari (2004; P 08) says, research methodology is

various steps that are generally adopted by a researcher in

studying his research problem along with the logic behind

them.

18

3.2 Research Design

Kathori (1990; P 31) define research design as the

arrangement of condition for collection and analysis of data

in a manner that aims to combine relevance to research

purpose with economy in procedure. The study was conducted

by using both qualitative and quantitative designs for data

collection, the methods used to collect data were

questionnaires observation and interview.

3.3. Qualitative Design.

According to Cresswell (1994) A qualitative study is

defined as an inquiry process of understanding a social or

human problem, based on building a complex, holistic

picture, formed with words, reporting detailed views of

informants, and conducted in a natural setting.

3.4. Quantitative Design

The quantitative method also was used in this study as

the research design due to the type of the data which

19

collected in the study and that is because the quantitative

method helps to present data in numerical form and to

simplify the presentation of data.

3.5. Method of Data Collection

This research used questionnaires, observation, and

interview as the methods used to collection data about the

assessment of mineral extraction on the issue of mineral

contribution in physical and social economy to sustainable

development in Mererani, Simanjiro district in Manyara

Tanzania. The following are the descriptions of the methods

being used,

3.6. Questionnaires method for data collection

According to Hornsby (2006; P 955), the term

questionnaire can be defined as written list of questions

that are answered by number of the people so that

Information can be collected from the answers. The

researcher used both open- ended and closed-ended

question to address the stakeholders and give them a

20

wide range of explaining themselves on the topic

asked and answer the questions.

Koul (1984) questionnaires consist of question in a

listed form with some physiological, social and education

topics to an individual or group of individual with the

objective of obtaining data regard to problem under

investigation.

3.6.2. Interview Method for Data Collection

Kothari (2004; P 97) says, the interview method of

collecting data involves presentation of oral-verbal stimuli

and reply in terms of oral-verbal responses. During the

study some members of the society were interviewed.

3.8. Area of the Study

According to Maccimillan dictionary (2006; P,5) defines

area of study as the particular place or part of a country

or town. The area where the research was conducted is

21

Mirerani Simanjoro district located in Manyara region

northern part of Tanzania.

3.9. Population/Sampling

Sampling technique is a procedure that a research used

to gather people or thing to study. Or it is the process of

selecting a population such that the selected group contains

element representative of the characteristic found in the

entire group (Kombo and Tromp 2006). The researcher chose

participants in four categories as shown in the table below,

Table 1: Table used to elutriate the respected respondent inthe field.

Seriousnumber

Types ofthe research methods

Categories of the Respondent

Number of the respondent

Parentage %Male Fema

leTotal

1Questionnaire

DistrictAdministration Officer

5 5 10 83

2 questionnaire

Workerinlargerscale

10 5 15 12

22

mining

3 questionnaire

Workerin smallscalemining

5 5 10 3

questionnaire

company 5 5 10 22

4 Interview Society 20 20 40 9.7 Total

45 40 85 11

Therefore the total sampling population of the district

study area was 85 people among of approximately 724 people

the sampling cover 11% of the total population.

3.9. Data Analysis Procedures

Kothari (1990; P 102) explains data analysis as the

process which involves a number of closely related

operations which are performed with the purpose of

summarizing the collected data and organizing them in such

that they answered the research questions. Data collection

in study involved both quantitative and qualitative

approach. Also Kumar (1996; P 11) Argues, editing consists

of scrutinizing the completed research information to

23

identify and minimize as far as possible errors,

incompleteness, misclassification and gaps in the

information obtained from the respondents are concerned.

3.10. Limitation of the Study

Transport was the one of the limiting factors during

the data collection. The type of transport system was only

motorcycles according the road problem even though cars were

present but was not a standard. The issue of money also was

among of the limiting factors during data collection as the

distributed amount for conducting a research was not enough

for completing all activities of data collection. Also poor

responses from some of the addressed respondents were not

responding positively. Most of the respondents feared when

they recognized that you want to question them. Lastly it

can be stated that there was poor collaboration as well as

cooperation among the respondents.

24

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0. DATA ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION DISCUSSION

4.1. Introduction

Data analysis involved a number of closely related

operations which are performed with the purpose of

summarizing the collected data and organizing them in such a

way that they answer research questions. It is observed that

the relationship between economy for the well being of the

people and physical features to the mineral resources

contribution is a complex one, and the significant negative

relationship is attributed due to the data collected. The

following analysis shows the respected respondent during

research.

25

Table 02.Table to show the respected data resources andthe respondent

Seriousnumber

Types ofthe research methods

Categories ofthe respondent

Number ofthe respondent

Percentage%

Male

Female

Total

1

Questionnaire

District Administration Officer

5 5 10 83

2 Questionnaire

Worker in largescale mining

10 5 15 12

Questionnaire

Worker in smallscale mining

5 5 10 3

Questionnaire

company 5 5 10 22

2 Interview Society 20 20 40 9.7 Total

45 40 85 11

Source: Field Data, May 2013

The questionnaires that were sent to the respondents were

935. The returned respondents represented a response rate of

54%.The description of the respondents was described as

follows according to the research objectives.

26

4.2. The meaning of Sustainable, Physical and Social Economy.

In the research objectives which needed to explain the

meaning of the sustainable about physical and social economy

for the well being of the people, the research aimed at

investigating to what extent the societies have the

knowledge about those objectives.

4.2.1 Knowledge about sustainable in mining contribution to

physical and social economy for the well being of the people

The researcher asked addressed respondents if they had

a knowledge about sustainable in mineral contribution in

social economy and physical future. The replay was as

follows:-

Table 3.Table to show answer of the respondent

Sn Types ofrespondent

Quantity ofanswer

Total%

Yes Percentage

No Percentage 100

1 Districtadministration

5 71.4. 2 28.6

2 Worker 14 63.6 8 36.4 1003 Company 4 57 3 42 1004 Society 20 66 10 44 100

27

Source: Field Data, May 2013

As the result from the society responses, 66% of people

responded positively understanding the mining out 100%

whereby only 44% they did not have the knowledge of it. The

description showed the reality that more than 50% of people

knew the meaning of mining contribution in physical and

social economy for the well being of the people.

4.2. Contribution of Mineral to the Physical and Social Economy

The objective of this study was concerned with

identification on contribution of mineral resources for the

sustainable in physical features and social economy for the

well being of the people.

The response descriptions used the word ‘Yes’ for the

positive contribution of minerals to the physical and

economy in the society and ‘No’ for the negative

contribution of minerals to the society hence 17:49

observed, which means negative contribution of minerals to

the physical and economy for the well being of the people

in Mirerani 49% responded negatively and 17% positively on

28

the contribution. The graph bellow also describes the

results,

Figure 1: Graph showing the results on contribution ofminerals to physical an economy

020406080

100

Keyyespersentagenopersentage

RESPONDENT

RESP

ONSE

S

Source: Field Data, May 2013

The response was negative as the graph shown, hence the

research results proved that minerals also had not only

positive effect to the economy but also there had many

negative to the economy and physical in present. And this

could affect future generation in economy of the society

and the physical condition.

4.2.1 The relationship between mineral contribution in

physical feature and the social economy

Another objective which the researcher looked on it

29

was, to identify the relationship between minerals

contribution in physical features and the social economy to

the people in sustainably for the well being of the people.

The results of the respondents implied that there was a

relationship.

Table 4 .Table to show the participation of the respondent

Sn

Types ofrespondent

Quantity ofanswer

Total%

Yes Percentage

No Percentage

1001 Districtadministration

7 100 0 0

2 Worker 8 72.7 3 27 1003 Company 4 100 0 0 1004 Society 28 93.3 2 6,6 100

Sources: Field Data, May 2013

The table shown above illustrate on how did the community

was aware on the relationship between minerals contribution

to the physical and social economy for the well being of

the people in the sustainable manner whereby in the

district administration 100% responded positively, 72.7% of

workers in mining area, administration in mining company

100%, and 93.3% within the society also responded

positively, hence the study implied that the society was

30

aware on relation of mining for the physical and economy of

the society for the well being in sustainable way.

4.4. The advice about mineral contribution to the physical

and social economy

As objective stated that give an advice on the issue of

physical and social economy in the area of mineral

extraction in order to insure the possibility benefit in

economy and physical in present and for future generation

to meet their needs the responses looked as follows.

Figure 2: Contribution of Respondents

worker37%

society51%

administration10%

company2%

Source: Field Data, May 2013

31

The research findings due to the figure above shows that

51% of the respondents in the society participated to give

advices,37% workers,10% from administration and 2% members

of the company had given out the advices on the mining

contribution in social economy and physical for the well

being of the people to the description the study revealed

that respondents had enough idea about benefit in economy

and physical in mining contribution in present time and

future generation.

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1. SUMMARYThe research was conducted at Mirerani in Simanjiro

district, the research was conducted for the purpose of

assessing the contribution of mineral in physical and

economic contribution sustainably for the well being of the

people. There were three objectives which used by the

32

researcher as the guide categories in the data collection

which were:- To explain the meaning of the sustainable

development to the mining owners and the government

concerning with physical and social economic issues. To

identify the contribution of mineral resources for the

sustainable in physical feature and social economy. To give

an advice on the issue of physical and social economy in the

area of mineral extraction in order to insure the

possibility benefit in economy and physical. According to

that objective the research was addressed some questions to

the respondents in order to prove the research objectives.

The respected respondents were 85. And the questions

prepared were 935 and among of the respected respondents

were 63 who participated which is 85.% by doing that the

purposive need of the research had fulfilled the

requirements of intended goals. The research conducted used

the questionnaires guide that addressed to the company,

district administration and workers in mining area and

interview guide to the society which surrounded the mining

area as the method of data collection.

33

The research designs of the study were both qualitative and

quantitative. Probably the researcher observed that after

fifty years at Mirerani area the physical condition will be

total exhausted if the there are no measures to be taken to

maintain effects which cause by mining activities and not

only that but also well being of the people will be in

danger.

5.2. CONCLUSION

The purpose of the study was to assess the mineral

contribution on the issues of physical and economy for the

well being of the people and report showed that minerals

contribute not only positive contribution but also many

negative contribution within the society in well being the

study showed that minerals activities which conducted at

Mirerani contributed in land degradation the issue of soil

erosion, air pollution and water and mineral led conflict

within the society such as land conflicts. The impact of

conflict led to set back of the production, as well as the

destruction of some other resources, like forests and water

34

resources. As the study observed there were no good

management of mineral recourses at Mirerani and that causes

the degradation of the economy.

5.3. RECOMMENDATION The research was conducted and observed the

contribution of minerals in physical and economy sustainably

for the well being of the people, the study showed that

there were negative and positive contribution of minerals in

physical and economy for the well being of the people. The

negative impact seemed to be the one which take a huge part

within the research area hence it showed all parts of mining

activity area in Tanzania have the same impacts and that is

a problem, what are recommended for that are

Education on the environmental management and conservation

for the sustainable development in school curriculum it

better to be the one of the all education level within the

country, that is to ensure every person from childhood to

adulthood.

35

To insure equal distribution of resources, no matter the

place have production but it is better to distribute the

available resources from another place. The introduction and

implementation of policies about land and management

conservation and protection of physical in sustainable

manner. Probably the policies were there but the

implementation and piloting is poor so it must have more

forums on it.

36

REFERENCE

Botkin Keller (2007) Environment Sciences, Sixth Edition’

Publisher John Wiley Sons

USAL .Koul (2006)Methodology Of Education

Research .Third Edition, Vikas

Publishing House.PVT ltd. New Delhi.

United Republic of Tanzania(2002)-Poverty and Human Development

Report. Research

and Analysis working group ,The poverty

monitoring system .Publisher –

Mkuki na Nyota

G.tyler Miller,(2007).Living in the environment ,fifteen edition.

Publication Thomson

learning, Inc. in Canada

Andrew Goudie (2009) The human impact on the Natural environment,

sixth edition

publisher Blackwell British

The World Bank (2010) World development indicators. Publish

International Bank

37

U.S.A.Macmillan English

Dictionary(2006)publish at landon

Kathor C.R (2004) Research Methodology, Method And Techniques, New

Age

International Publisher. New Delhi Curtis,

APENDICIES

APPENDIX FOR WORKERSDear respondent,

I am undergraduate student at Tumaini University

Makumira doing a Research on assessing the physical and

social economic contribution of mineral sustainability for

the well being of the people case of Manyara region at

Simanjiro district. I kindly request you to join with me for

giving some information concerning mineral contribution

mostly on the case of physical and economic within the

38

society. All information will be kept confidential and be

used for academic purposes only.

Name of department …………………….. .Level of

work/position………………………

Work professional/specialization ………………………………………………………

Date…………………………………………………………………………..

Gender. M ( ), F ( )

Education level. Form six ( ) Form four

( ) Diploma ( )

University,( ),scholar ship( ),more( )

1) How long have you been working in this area? 1

YEAR( ),2YEARS ( ),3YEARS( ) MORE ( )

2) As a worker, do you know the meaning of sustainable

development?

YES ( ), NO ( )

(b)Can you defend your answer in brief

explanation…………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………….

3. Do you think there are any relationships between mineral

and physical degradation in case of

39

mineral exploitation.?

YES ( ) There are relationships

NO ( ) There are no relationships.

(b)Explain a little bit about your

answer……………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………

4. What are the methods used to get minerals?

i. By using dynamite…….. ( ), ii

Through machine…...( )

iii Hand tools……….…( ). iv All of

it above……....( )

v. If none of them mention it……………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………..

5. Do these methods have any contribution to preserve land?

YES ( ), NO ( )

Support your answer………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………….

6. What terms and conditions are used to recruit the workers

within this department of mining at there you are now?

i. According to the education……………… ( )

40

ii. According to the ability of doing work…. ( )

iii. None of the above …………………….... ( )

iv. Professional consideration……………… ( )

7. How do the agreement and terms of employment encourage

you to work.

good salary?. ( )

Poor salary ( )

Well and attractive working environment and economic

progression ( )

8. Is your salary enough to sustain your economy?

Yes ( ) No ( )

Explain little bit on your answer on number

seven……………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………

9. Do you think there is any need of conserving land for the

future to sustain the well-being of the people

i. No ( )

ii. Yes, ( )

10.With comparison to the time now and the past ten years

ago and the future of twenty years later what do you predict

41

about economic and physical due to the mining contribution.

Respond as you think

i .Land will be total destructed…………………..

…….…( )

ii. Land will still enough to be used

……………….…..…( )

iii Huge pit or holes will remain

empty……………...….. ( )

iv. Rise of land conflict………………………….……....

( )

v. Distances huge holly (pit) remaining

underground ….. ( )

vi. Nothing will happen……………………………….…. (

)

vii. All of the above……………………………………….

( )

11.When mineral is cut off at this area, will the physical

condition be suitable to be used for the well being of the

people? YES ( ) NO ( )

42

APENDIIX FOR COMPANY ADMINISTRATION

Dear respondent,

Dear respondent, I am undergraduate student at Tumaini

University Makumira doing a Research on the assessing the

physical and social economic contribution of mineral

sustainability for well being of the people the case of

Simanjiro district. I kindly request you to join with i for

giving me some information. I assure that this information

is for integrity/security for you. All information will be

kept confidential and be used for academic purposes only.

Name of department. …………………………

Work professional……………………………………………

Date……………………………………………………………..

Gender. M ( ), F ( )

Education level. Form six ( ) Form four

( ) Diploma ( )

University,( ),scholar ship( ),more( )

experience 1years

( ),2years ( )3years.,more( ),

1 .What is the total income per month due to the mineral

extraction in term of percentage?

More than 50% ( ) Less than 50 % ( )

2 Is there any amount of money from the income of mining

which is used for land conservation?

43

Yes ( ), No ( )

3. May you give elaboration of the above

answer……………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………….

4. Do you think mining activities contribute to physical

degradation in this area.

Yes ( ), No ( )

What methods are used in mineral exploitation?

i. By using dynamite………….. ( )

ii Through gigantic machine…...( )

iii Hand tools………………...…( )

iv All of the above……………...( )

5. Are the means of mineral exploitation suitable for the

physical conservation?

Yes ( ) No ( ) if Yes or No give reasons

………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………

6 .Is there any necessity of conserving land according

to the mining production for the

Well being of the people in future generation? YES

( ), NO ( )

44

7. Is there any program in your company prepared for the

purpose of ensuring environmental conservation due to

mineral extraction ?explain them…………

………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

8. What is your opinion about mineral contribution on

the issue of physical conservation?

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

9. What are the means used to apply for land

conservation after uploading sand from underground?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………

10.Is there any sand which is sent out side of the country

in order to separate mineral and sand yes ( ), No ( )

11.Do you think there is any need to plan the building of

industry used for separating sand and mineral in Tanzania.

Yes ( ), No ( )

12. What is the means used to recover the pity/holes

which remain after mineral extraction

activity………………………………………………………………………

13.Are there any challenges facing you due to land

management during mining extraction?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………..

45

14. Does the mineral contribute positively or negatively

to the economics of the people around your company?

Explain

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

15. How does the society benefit due to the presence of

discovered minerals within the area?

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

16. What are your views about mineral contribution to the

i. economy of the Society…………………………………….…………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………..

ii. Physical feature…………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….

17.Are these benefits assured the for well being of the

society sustainably? Give short description.

…………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………….

46

APENDIX FOR THE SOCIETY

Dear respondent,

I am undergraduate student at Tumaini University

Makumira doing a Research on the assessing the physical

and social economic contribution of mineral for the

sustainable development for to the well being of the

people case of Simanjiro . I kindly request you to join

with i for giving me some information. All information

will be kept confidential and be used for academic

purposes only

- Age under 18( ),above 18( )

-Gender male ( )female( )

- Education level class seven( ),o,

level( ),a level.

- Certificate ( )

diploma( ),degree( ), more( )non ( )

1. Do you benefit from the mining activities which are

conducted here?

Yes ( ), no ( )

2. How do you benefit by the mining production at Mererani?

Can you explain?

i………………………………………………………

47

ii……………………………………………………….

iii………………………………………………………..

3(a).Do you know about sustainable development due to the

mineral exploitation

Yes ( ),no( )

(b)Give short description on your answer…………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………

4(a).Are there any challenges facing you due to mining

activities conducted in this village?

Yes ( ) No ( )

4(b) if yes which are they…………………….…………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………….

5. Do you think there is any environmental in destruction

taking place due to the mining exploitation around your

village? No ( ), Yes ( )

6. Can you mention any physical distractions which are

caused by mining extraction?

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

6. (a) Does the mining activity conducted here contribute

to the increase of your economy?

Yes ( ), no ( )

6 (b)Give a short explanation about your answer

……………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………….

48

7. When you try to compare the development of your village

is it increasing or decreasing with regard to the presence

of mineral resources available……………………………………..

…………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

8. Is the mining activity contributing to the physical

destruction?

Yes ( ) No ( )

Defend your answer……………………………………………………………….….

…………………………………………………………………...

49

APENDIX FOR THE DISTRICT ADMINISTRATION

Dear respondent.Dear respondent, I am undergraduate student at Tumaini

University Makumira doing a Research on the assessing the

physical and social economic contribution of mineral to the

well being of the people for the sustainable development the

case of Simanjiro district. I kindly request you to join with

me for giving me some information. All information will be

kept confidentially and be used for academic purposes only

Name of department. …………………………

Work professional ……………………………………………

Date……………………………………………………………..

Gender. M ( ), F ( )

Education level. Form six ( ) Form four

( ) Diploma ( )

University,( ),,more( )

Experience 1years ( ),2 years( )3years.,more( ),

1. What is the contribution of mining to the society which

you are supervising as the district administrator?

explain

……………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………

2. What is the statistic of mineral income from 2000 to

2012 in the term of percentage at Simanjiro.

50

SN YEARS INCOME%123456789101112

3.Do you think the exploitation of minerals is suitable

for physical conservation?

…………………………………………………………………………………….

4. Do you think mining activities at Mererani contribute in

land degradation? Yes ( ) No ( ), Give a short explanation

of your answer…………………………………………..

5. Is there any process which is prepared by the district to

overcome physical degradation which caused by mining

activities? Yes ( ), No ( )

a. What is it i…………………..……………….

ii…………………………… iii……………………………

51

b. What do you think will hapen if mining extraction will

proceed for ten years, will the land used be suitable for

the well-being of the society? Yes ( ) No ( )

C .Is there any means which can be applied to ensure

sustainability on the issue of land? Which are they?

…………………………………………………………………..…….

6. How does the surrounding society benefit from the mining

income at Mererani?…………………………………………………………………………………

7. To what extent is the society participating in the mining

contracts? Explain………………………………………………………………………………

8. Are there any relationships between mining extraction and

land degradation? Explain.

………………………………………………………………………………………………9. Are there any

relationship between mining activities and land use for the

sustainable development?

Explain…………………………………………………..................................

.....…………

52