Note from the Chairman

On Governance, Leadership and Citizenryin Africa

Governance, leadership and democracy areon the march in Africa. This is great news butthere is still a long way to go, and no room forcomplacency.

Participation in the democratic process is oneof the most improved areas measured by theIbrahim Index of African Governance. Butaccording to current available data,democratic participation is still mainlyassessed by the ability to hold “free and fairexecutive elections”. This is not enoughanymore. In this world of global, immediateinformation, of growing social networks, ofuprisings and street occupations, we must,together, think about offering new,contemporary versions of democracy, whichare not simply confined to elections and theculture of “winner takes all”.

A few months ago the Ibrahim PrizeCommittee chose to award the 2014 Prize forAchievement in African Leadership toNamibian President Hifikepunye Pohamba.Commenting on its choice, the Committeedescribed a quiet and humble leader whowisely chose to deepen and widen democracyand development in a young country justcoming out of transition and the fight forfreedom. President Pohamba takes his placealongside a strong cohort of role models forour young continent. In Mandela, Africa canclaim one of the outstanding leaders of ourtime. Joaquim Chissano, Festus Mogae and

Pedro Pires, all former winners of the IbrahimPrize, can each also point to their support fordemocracy, concern for their people and aremarkable record of achievement in mostdifficult circumstances. But there are stillsome leaders who do not govern in theinterest of their citizens, who rig elections orrefuse to step down at the end of theconstitutional term, who have blood on theirhands or have diverted national wealth intotheir own bank accounts.

In this march to strengthen democracy andgovernance we also need to close the gapbetween young people and their leaders.Africa’s greatest resource is the energy andtalents of its youth. The young generation isbecoming the overwhelming majority, theone that is going to vote… or not. We mustnot let it lose faith in “democracy”. Here liesone of our greatest challenges for the future.All too often, our young people findthemselves devoid of economic prospects andpolitical voice. Political power lies in thehands of ageing leaders with little knowledgeor understanding of the ambitions andconcerns of younger generations. In manycountries, if young people find themselvesincreasingly locked out of decision-makingand debate, the danger is they will turn theirbacks on the political process. Frustration canthen easily turn to anger and violence.

We need to find ways of listening to ouryoung people, our citizens’ majority. It is theirpotential, after all, which will decide ourcontinent’s future. Let’s not waste it.

May 2015 Issue 6

l Ibrahim Index l Ibrahim Prize and Laureates l Ibrahim Forum l Ibrahim Fellows and Scholars lAfrica News

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MO IBRAHIM FOUNDATION NEWSLETTERA periodic, informative post on the activities and findings of The Mo Ibrahim Foundation

MIF Board and Prize Committee highlights

Abdoulie Jannehdelivered a presentationon “African Integration:A Factor in theEmergence of Africa“at the 15th Forum ofBamako which took place19 - 21 February.

Mo Ibrahim participated in the 2015 Africa CEOForum 15 - 17 March in Geneva. The panel “Doingbusiness in Africa: keys to radical change”explored reforms needed to bring about economicprogress in Africa.

Mary Robinson led adebate on climate changehosted by the OverseasDevelopment Institute(ODI) on 20 March inLondon.

The Ibrahim Index of African Governance (IIAG)Advisory Council held a meeting on 15 April inLusaka to discuss the 2015 IIAG which will belaunched on 5 October.

MIF, in partnership with the Government ofZambia and UNDP Zambia Office, also hosted aparallel National Forum on the “State ofGovernance in Africa”, with focus on Zambia.

Spotlight | 2014 IIAG: Namibia performance during President Pohamba's tenure

Established in 2007, the IIAG is the most comprehensive collection of quantitative data on governance in Africa.Compiled in partnership with experts from a number of the continent's institutions, it provides an annualassessment of governance in every African country. The IIAG provides a framework for citizens, governments,institutions and business to assess the delivery of public goods and services, and policy outcomes across Africa.

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Ibrahim Index of African Governance (IIAG)

• President Hifikepunye Pohamba, the 2014 Ibrahim Laureate, served twopresidential terms, from 2005 to 2014. The 2014 IIAG captures Namibia'sperformance during his tenure.

• In the 2014 IIAG, Namibia scores 70.3 (out of 100) at the overall governancelevel and ranks 6th on the continent.

• Between 2005 and 2013 Namibia showed improvement of +3.0 points at theoverall governance level.

Indicator level

Top 10 2013 Score

Cross-border Tensions 100.0

Effective Power to Govern 100.0

Gender Equality 100.0

Government Involvement in Armed Conflict 100.0

Internally Displaced People 100.0

Judicial Process 100.0

Legislation on Violence Against Women 100.0

Sanctions 100.0

Political Refugees 98.6

Antiretroviral Treatment Provision 96.8

Sub-category improvements and deteriorations between 2005-2013

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You can explore Namibia country results and indicator metadata in detail using the 2014 IIAG Data Portal. You can also explore results using the new IIAG App available for download here.

Namibia2014 Ibrahim Index of African Governance

Overall GovernanceScore/100 Rank/52

70.3 6th

2013 category scoresCategory level

• During President Pohamba's time in office Namibia registered improvement in three out of thefour IIAG categories: Safety & Rule of Law (+0.4 points), Sustainable Economic Opportunity(+7.5 points) and Human Development (+4.7 points).

• In Sustainable Economic Opportunity, the category in which Namibia has improved the most,the country has shown improvement in all sub-categories: Public Management (+3.9 points),Business Environment (+3.9 points), Infrastructure (+9.9 points) and Rural Sector (+12.2 points).

• Namibia showed a slight deterioration in Participation & Human Rights (-0.4 points) duringPresident Pohamba's time in office.

• This deterioration is driven by a decline in score in the Participation (-3.3 points) and Gender(-2.9 points) sub-categories.

Sub-category level

• During President Pohamba’s tenure, Namibia registered improvement in 10 out of the 14 sub-categories.

• Namibia showed the largest sub-category improvement in Health(+13.1 points).

• The largest sub-category deterioration was in Rule of Law (-7.4 points).

Safety & Rule of Law g

Participation & Human Rights g

Sustainable Economic Opportunity g

Human Development g

ChangeMost improved 2013 Score since 2005

Legislation on Violence Against Women 100.0 +40.0

Immunisation (Measles, DPT & Hepatitis B) 79.5 +28.7

Digital Connectivity 57.3 +28.4

Agricultural Research & Extension Services 65.1 +27.9

Cross-border Tensions 100.0 +25.0

Public Sector Corruption Bodies 50.0 +25.0

Safety of the Person 50.0 +25.0

Police Services 52.0 +23.9

Budget Management 88.9 +22.2

Fiscal Policy 88.9 +22.2

1 other indicator also improved by 22.2

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“It is with deep humility that I accept the MoIbrahim African Leadership Award. I do so onbehalf of the people of Namibia and theircommitment to the maintenance of peaceand stability. The seed for this award wasplanted 25 years ago when Namibiaachieved her independence from apartheidSouth Africa through democratic elections.Guided by the principles enshrined in ourdemocratic constitution, the SWAPOGovernment embarked on an intensiveprogramme of national reconciliation toheal a deeply wounded country.

This process necessitated that the country’sleaders institutionalise a governanceframework that promotes a culture ofrespect for human rights, accountability andgood governance. This leadership approachhas been the mantra of Namibian politicalculture and of all my actions and decisionsbenefited from a supportive administrativeand social environment. My leadershipethics are inextricably linked to the highemphasis the Namibian nation places ongood governance. Thus, the award is asmuch an endorsement of Namibia as a

peaceful and stable country over which Ihave presided during the past ten years.

After serving two terms as President, one ofmy last tasks as President of the Republic ofNamibia was to prepare for a peacefultransition of power to incoming President ofNamibia, Dr. Hage Geingob, who garnered87% of the electoral vote. My first task asFormer President is to allow the newPresident to apply his vast knowledge andskill without my interference.

I am mindful that there have been times thisleadership award has been deferred due to aperceived lack of suitable candidates. I haveworked closely with many current Africanleaders who have displayed the type ofleadership the continent yearns for. In thisround there were many worthy Presidentsand I salute their leadership as they tooembody the virtues of the new Africanleader. While leadership virtues areuniversal, there is an argument to be madefor leadership in an African context and theNew African leader is one who uses theirtime in office effecting their contractualobligations to the people by maintainingpeace, unity and equitable development andwhen this contract reaches its constitutionalterm limit, this leader leaves the country in abetter condition than how he/she found it.

The selection panel comprises of eminentAfrican and international leaders and to beregarded by them as a worthy recipient ofthis prestigious award humbles me. Icommend the Mo Ibrahim Foundation forthis noble initiative as it incentivises Africanleaders to do the right thing and serve theircontinent and people with the dignity anddedication they deserve. This award willindeed enable me to further pursue theobjectives of the Hifikepunye PohambaFoundation which will occupy my timeduring my retirement.”

Established in 2007, the Ibrahim Prize celebrates excellence in African leadership. It is awarded to a formerExecutive Head of State or Government by an independent Prize Committee composed of eminent figures,including two Nobel Laureates.

Ibrahim Prize and Laureates

President Hifikipunye Pohamba, 2014 Laureate - Letter of acceptance

Dr Salim Salim, chair of the Prize Committee, announcing President Pohamba as the 2014 Laureate, Nairobi 2 March 2015

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The Ibrahim Forum is an annual high-level discussion forum tackling issues of critical importance to Africa. Thisevent convenes prominent African political and business leaders, representatives from civil society, multilateral andregional institutions as well as Africa’s major international partners to identify specific policy challenges andpriorities for action.

The 2015 Ibrahim Forum will take place in Accra, Ghana on Sunday 22 November. This year’s topic will be African Cities. It will be a platform to identifykey stakeholders and explore trends, issues and solutions that are crucial to unlocking the potential of Africa’s urban centres as engines of sustainable andequitable growth and development.

In order to facilitate the discussion, this year’s Facts & Figures report will explore the specific scale and nature of urbanisation on the African continent. Itwill address the associated challenges and opportunities that require strong governance and leadership in order to secure sustainable progress anddevelopment. The report will take into consideration different regional contexts and experiences as examples of best practice.

Ibrahim Forum: African Cities

Africa’s “Cities of Opportunity”• The recent PwC report, published in March 2015, entitled “Into Africa -

The Continent’s cities of opportunity” details 20 African cities on the rise.• Using four indicators (Infrastructure, Human Capital, Economics, and

Society & Demographics) and 29 variables, cities are scored and ranked.• Overall, four of the top five cities listed are North African: Cairo, Tunis,

Casablanca and Algiers.• Johannesburg in South Africa is the only Southern African city featured in

the top five.• Beyond the top five cities, many cities have become regional hubs in a

variety of sectors:• Ports: Dar es Salaam and Douala.• Telecommunications: Accra.• Culture: Lagos.• Financial Services: Nairobi.

Gauging Opportunity: Another perspective on African urbanisationWithin the report, PwC conducted a separate piece of research whereby an “opportunity indicator” was constructed using only five of the original 29variables. These variables were deemed to represent the best estimation of those cities that currently display the strongest trajectory in purelyinvestment terms. This “opportunity indicator” shows how cities that are still developing, mainly in infrastructure and social well-being, arecompetitive against more developed cities.

Rank Overall Infrastructure Human Capital Economics Society & Demographics1 Cairo Cairo Tunis Casablanca Kampala2 Tunis Tunis Johannesburg Tunis Cairo3 Johannesburg Addis Ababa Cairo Johannesburg Dar es Salaam4 Casablanca Johannesburg Algiers Cairo Nairobi/Accra5 Algiers Casablanca Casablanca Accra/Lagos Addis Ababa

Rate of real Ease of doing Attracting City middle-class Population ScoreGDP growth business FDI growth growth

20 Dar es Salaam ggggggg 20 ggg 9 ggg 8 gggggg 15 gggggggg 19 7119 Lusaka gggggg 16 gggggg 16 gggg 11 gggg 10 gggggggg 17 7018 Nairobi ggg 9 gggg 12 ggggggg 20 ggggg 13 ggggg 14 6817 Lagos gggg 11 ggg 8 ggggggg 18 ggggggg 18 ggggg 13 6816 Accra ggg 8 gggggggg 17 gggggggg 19 gggg 12 gggg 11 6715 Abidjan ggggggg 18 gg 5 ggggg 14 ggggggg 20 ggg 8 6514 Kigali ggggg 13 ggggggg 20 ggg 9 gg4 gggggg 15 6113 Addis Ababa gggggggg 17 ggggg 14 gg 6 gggggggg 17 gg 6 6012 Kampala ggggg 14 gggg 11 gg 5 ggg 9 ggggggg 20 5911 Cairo g 2 ggggg 13 gggggg 16 gggggggg 19 gg 3 5310 Kinshasa gggggggg 19 gg1 g 2 gggggg 16 gggg 12 509 Johannesburg gg 3 gggggggg 19 ggggggg 18 gg 6 gg1 478 Douala gggggg 15 gg4 gg 3 ggggg 14 gggg 10 467 Casablanca gg 5 gggggg 15 gggggg 16 ggg 7 g 2 456 Maputo gggg 12 gggg 10 gggg 11 gg 5 ggg 7 455 Luanda gggg 10 g 2 gg4 gggg 11 gggggg 16 434 Tunis gg1 ggggggg 18 ggggg 14 gg1 gg4 383 Dakar ggg 7 gg 3 ggg 8 ggg 8 ggg 9 352 Antananarivo gg 6 ggg 7 gg1 gg 3 ggggggg 18 351 Algiers gg4 gg 6 ggggg 14 g 2 gg 5 31

g High g Medium g Low gggg Highest Rank in each variable The full report can be accessed here

North AfricaCairo 1stTunis 2ndCasablanca 4thAlgiers 5th

West AfricaAccra 6thLagos 8thDakar 11thAbidjan 12th

East AfricaNairobi 7thAddis Ababa 9thKampala 10thKigali 13thDar es Salaam 15thAntananarivo 17th

Central AfricaDouala 16thKinshasa 19thLuanda 20th

Southern AfricaJohannesburg 3rdLusaka 14thMaputo 18th

The Mo Ibrahim Foundation announced the 2015 Ibrahim Leadership Fellows on 20 April. The candidates, chosen from among a pool of over 1,000applicants, each take up a post at one of three multilateral organisations - the UN Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), the African DevelopmentBank (AfDB) and the International Trade Centre (ITC).

The three become part of a broader alumni network of Ibrahim Fellows which will hold their first meeting in Dubai alongside a Foundation Board meetingin June.

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Established in 2010, the Ibrahim Leadership Fellowships form a selective programme designed to identify andsupport potential African leaders of the future. The Ibrahim Leadership Fellows receive mentoring from the currentleaders of these key multilateral institutions - African Development Bank, United Nations EconomicCommission for Africa and the International Trade Centre.

Ibrahim Fellows and Scholars

The 2015 Ibrahim Fellows

2015 SOAS GDiA Residential School in London

The annual residential school is part of theGovernance for Development in Africa (GDiA)

programme that SOAS runs in collaborationwith the Mo Ibrahim Foundation.

This year, the GDiA residential school took placeat SOAS, University of London on 23-27 March.The annual event welcomed 21 participants -policy makers, academics, researchers and civilsociety representatives fromAfrica who havegained, through this training, new ideas andknowledge on the broad issue of governanceand development.

Open Lecture - Why Governance MattersThis year, Mo Ibrahim delivered an open lecture,followed by a Q&A session, as part of theoverall programme. In the session, chaired byProfessor Christopher Cramer, Mo shared hisjourney in setting up the Foundation.

Commenting on the mission of the Mo IbrahimFoundation Mo said: "When Africans hug theconcept of governance... we have arrived".

Tshepelayi Kabata (DRC) is joining UNECA. Hewas recently working as a Research andAdministrative Project Assistant at Pinecrest-Queensway Health Community Center inOttawa. Over the last seven years, Tshepelayiworked as a Post-Doctoral Researcher and aGraduate Research Assistant at the University ofNebraska-Lincoln and as a research analyst atSterling Merchant Finance in Washington, DC.

Malango Mughogho (Malawi) is joining theAfDB. She was the WWF South Africa’sProgramme Manager in Sustainable Finance.Malango managed the organisation’s strategyengagement to reduce the ecological footprintof financial sector activities, particularly inrelation to climate change, water andbiodiversity impacts.

Vivienne Katjiuongua (Malawi) is joining theITC. She was the Legal Advisor and CompanySecretary of the Business and IntellectualProperty Rights Authority of Namibia. Prior tothat, Vivienne was Director at the NamibianCompetition Commission, heading theRestrictive Business Practices Division whereshe was responsible for providing strategicdirection and coordination for the division toensure compliance to all policies andprocedures.The 2016 application timeline

• Application process opens – July 2015• Deadline for submissions – September 2015• Notification of successful candidate – January 2016

• The SOAS AfricanDevelopment Forum 2015took place on 14 March onthe theme of “African SocialEnterprise: Developmentfrom Within”.

• The 8th Joint AU-ECAConference of Ministersof Finance, Planning andEconomic Developmentwas held in Addis Ababa,25-31 March, on the theme“Implementing Agenda2063 - Planning, Mobilisingand Financing forDevelopment”.

• The 2015 World Bank IMFSpring Meetings tookplace 17-19 April.Discussions addressedclimate change, financingfor development, the post-2015 development agendaand the Ebola crisis.

• The World Bank releasedthe 2014 Global Findexdatabase, the world’s mostcomprehensive set of dataon how people save,borrow, make paymentsand manage risk.

• 24 May Ethiopia GeneralElection

• 26 May Burundi NationalAssembly elections

• 26 June Burundi GeneralElection

• August Central AfricanRepublic PresidentialElection

• 11 October Burkina FasoGeneral Election

• 11 October GuineaPresidential Election

• 25 October Côte d’IvoirePresidential Election

• 25 October TanzaniaGeneral Election

• The World Bank Group published GlobalEconomic Prospects: Having Fiscal Spaceand Using It in January. The report found thatwhile growth in sub-Saharan Africa is projectedto improve, the economic outlook is subject todownside risks arising from a renewed spreadof the Ebola epidemic, violent insurgencies,lower commodity prices and volatile globalfinancial conditions.

• The World Economic Situation and Prospects2015, published by the UN Department ofEconomic and Social Affairs in January,forecast that Africa’s growth will accelerate in2015 to 4.6%, up from 3.5% in 2014.

• UNESCO released its Global Report on Out-of-School Children in January, noting that 22million children aged 10-15 years are out ofschool in sub-Saharan Africa.

• The World Economic Forum’s Global Risks2015 report, released in January, highlightedthe top five global risks in terms of likelihood –interstate conflict, extreme weather events,failure of national governance, state collapse orcrisis and unemployment or underemployment– and impact – water crises, spread ofinfectious diseases, weapons of massdestruction, interstate conflict and failure ofclimate-change adaptation.

• The 2015 Freedom in the World report fromFreedom House, released in January, found anoverall decline in freedom for the ninthconsecutive year, with more declines than gainsin freedom since 2013 in Africa.

• The High Level Panel on Illicit FinancialFlows, established by UNECA and chaired byThabo Mbeki, released its final report inFebruary, containing key recommendationsaimed at combating illicit financial flows fromthe continent.

• Amnesty International’s International AnnualReport, released in February, noted a trend of

repression and shrinking of political space inmany African countries, both in those ruled byauthoritarian governments and those in theprocess of preparing for political transition.

• The OECD report States of Fragility 2015,released in March, classified 28 Africancountries as fragile according to theassessment criteria of violence, access tojustice, accountable and inclusive institutions,economic inclusion and stability, and capacityto prevent and adapt to social, economic andenvironmental shocks and disasters.

• UNECA released the latest edition of theEconomic Report on Africa in March, on thetheme “Industrialising through trade”.

• IFPRI’s Global Food Policy Report, launchedin March, looks at the renewed focus in Africaon the role of agriculture in broad economicgrowth, poverty reduction and food andnutrition security.

• Africa is the horizon, the 2015 AfricanBusiness Outlook Survey from the EconomistCorporate Network released in March,highlighted Africa as one of the brightest areasof opportunity on the commercial horizon.

• The April edition of Africa in Fact from GoodGovernance Africa focused on issues in publicfinance, including fuel subsidy reform,sovereign wealth funds and corruption fatigue.

• ODI launched its report “The data revolution:finding the missing millions” in April. Thereport sets out the evidence that substantialdata gaps, caused by intermittent householdsurveys, are hindering governments andcitizens from solving problems of poverty,inequality and environmental sustainability.

• Securing livelihoods for all: Foresight foraction, a report from OECD released in April,noted increasing inequality, jobless growth andthe growing youth population in sub-SaharanAfrica as “worrying global trends”.

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Highlights from recent research papers, a calendar of upcoming elections and news from other institutions and partners.

Africa News

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Upcoming events• The Legatum Institute will hold the 2015 Africa Prosperity Summit:

Promoting Wealth and Wellbeing on 20 May in Dar es Salaam.• The African Development Bank will hold its Annual Meetings 25-29 May in

Abidjan. The Meetings will see the election of a new President, and mark the50th anniversary of the Bank.

• The World Economic Forum on Africa 2015, on the theme “Then and Now:Reimagining Africa’s Future”, will be held in Cape Town, 3-5 June.

• The third International Conference on Financing for Development will beheld in Addis Ababa, 13-16 July.

• The Sustainable Development Goals will be adopted at the UN Summit toadopt the post-2015 development agenda in New York 25-27 September.

• The African Union Agenda 2063 framework document, the vision for Africaover the next 50 years, was adopted in January at the 24th Session of theSummit of the African Union.

• The third annual Africa CEO Forum took place in Geneva, 17-19 March.Discussions focused on the development priorities of African business,including Africa’s economic outlook, competitiveness and urban explosion.

• The Financial Times launched the Analyse Africa service, a digital databaseproviding macroeconomic data on Africa from leading global sources,including the IIAG.

• The Cartagena Data Festival, a three day event in Colombia, 20-22 April,focused on solving critical gaps in coverage, access and analysis of data in lightof the post-2015 agenda.

Research updatesUpcoming elections

Overview

Institutions and partners