METALLOGRAPHIC PREPARATION - Anamet

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C O N S U M A B L E S

Copyright DRP Ventures Inc. 2012

METALLOGRAPHIC PREPARATION

SECTIONING

Abrasive Cut-Off Wheels. 1 Small Abrasive Cut-Off Wheels. 8 Diamond Cut-Off Wheels. 9 Wafering Diamond Wheels. 10 Cubic Boron Nitride. 11 Sectioning Accessories. 12

MOUNTING

Compression Mounting. 13 Ambient Mounting. 16 Castable Mounting Accessories. 21

GRINDING

Abrasive Belts. 24 Abrasive Rolls. 25 Abrasive Strips. 25 Abrasive Sheets. 26 Abrasive Discs. 27 Double Sided Adhesive. 30 Magnetic Disc System. 31 Diamond Discs. 32 Diamond Spot Discs. 33 Cameo © Grinding System 34 Dressing sticks for Diamond Discs. 34

POLISHING

Polishing Powders. 35 Polishing Suspensions. 36 Abrasive Powders. 38 Diamond Extenders. 40 Diamond Pastes. 41 Diamond Suspensions. 42 Diamond Suspensions (Oil base ). 44 Polishing Cloths. 45

FIELD METALLOGRAPHY Sampling. 56 Abrasive Discs. 57 Polishing Cloths. 58

HARDNESS TESTING ACCESSORIES

Indenters. 58 Test Blocks. 59

TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE Sectioning. 60 Compression Mounting. 61 Ambient Mounting. 62 Grinding and Polishing. 62

CONVERSION TABLES 64

T A B L E O F C O N T E N T

ORDERING INFORMATION ON THE NEXT PAGE

Sales / Service.

The majority of the products in our catalogue are in inventory and can be shipped within 24 hours. Rush orders receive special attention and are processed immediately.

Technical Service.

Specialists are available to answer your questions and advise you in selecting the products best suited to your requirements.

Customer Service.

ANAMET seeks to improve customer service and products. If, for any reason, you are not satisfied with our service or products, please advise us, so corrective measures can be taken. ○ PHONE : 450.646.1290 ○ FAX : 450.646.4309 ○ MAIL: A N A M E T / D R P V E N T U R E S I N C . C P 5 3 8 Boucherville, Québec Canada J4B 6Y2 ○ E-MAIL: [email protected]

Quantity Discount.

Many items can be discounted when purchased in quantity. Please contact us with your specific requirements. Blanket orders are welcomed.

Minimum Orders.

ANAMET has a minimum order of $100.00 in Canadian currency.

O R D E R I N G I N F O R M A T I O N ANAMET is committed to providing finest products and services to its customers.

Shipments.

Unless you request a specific shipping carrier, our staff will determine the most expedient and efficient means of transportation. Appropriate charges for freight, insurance and forwarding costs will be added to the invoice, unless paid directly by the customer. A handling charge will be added to the invoice when shipping "Hazardous material" and “Controlled temperature products".

Claims.

Your order will be filled, verified and packaged with care. Should damages occur please inform the carrier and ANAMET. If the packaged material arrives damaged, please retain the packing carton and packing material for inspection by the carrier (if requested).

Important notice to purchaser:

Terms and Conditions of Sale. The acceptance of any order is on the understanding that the purchaser agrees to the following terms and conditions of sale: Prices: Prices are subject to change without notice.

Quotations : Quotations are valid for 30 days. ANAMET retains the right to amend any accidental errors or omissions on quotations.

Delivery : Every effort is made to adhere to delivery dates, no liability can be accepted in the case of non-delivery or delayed delivery.

Amendments or Cancellations:

Every effort is made to meet customer's individual requirements. Amendment or cancellation of an order or any part of an order is allowed only after acceptance by ANAMET. A restocking charge of 25% is mandatory.

Terms of Payment:

Terms are 30 days with established credit. All accounts are for settlement within 30 days of invoice date.

All statements, technical information and/or recommendations contained herein are based on tests we believe to be reliable, but the accuracy or completeness thereof is not guaranteed, and the following is made in lieu of all warranties, expressed or implied. Sellers' and manufacturers' only obligation shall be to replace such quantity of the product proven to be defective. Neither the seller nor manufacturer shall be liable for any injury, loss or damage, direct or consequential, arising from the use or the inability to use the product. Before using, user shall determine the suitability of the product for his intended use, and user assumes all risk and liability whatsoever in connection therein. No statement or recommendation not contained herein shall have any force or effect unless in an agreement signed by officers of seller or manufacturer.

O R D E R I N G I N F O R M A T I O N ANAMET is committed to providing finest products and services to its customers.

ANAMET / DRP Ventures Inc. • Tel: 450.646.1290 • Fax: 450.646.4309 • E-mail: [email protected]

A "Soft" wheel is used for cutting hard and brittle materials. It provides new surfaces of cutting abrasives more rapidly while the bond breaks down. The "Hard” wheel has a slower break down bond rate, which is suitable for soft and ductile materials. Adequate cooling is required to remove debris and avoid thermal damages to the sample. The careful combination of particle type, particle size and wheel hardness helps prevent burns and distortions, yet provide maximum useful life. Cutting requires a sufficient amount of pressure to be applied to the abrasive wheel while cutting, excessive pressure will cause the abrasive wheel to stall or break. Cut-off wheels with aluminum oxide as the abrasive are generally used for cutting ferrous samples, alloys and most other metals. Silicon carbide is recommended for non-ferrous and other non-metallic materials.

APPLICATIONS

9" (229mm)

10" (254mm)

12" (305mm)

14" (355mm)

PRODUCT NUMBERS HRC60+ Carburized Steel, Tool Steel. 110-9 110-10 110-12 110-14

HRC50-65 Hard Steel. CW09-6010 CW10-6010 CW12-6010 CW14-6010

HRC45-60, Hard Steel. 112-9 112-10 112-12 112-14

HRC35-50, Soft or Annealed Steel. CW09-3510 CW10-3510 CW12-3510 CW14-3510

HRC30-45, Medium Hard Steel. 116-9 116-10 116-12 116-14

HRC up to 35. CW09-1010 CW10-1010 CW12-1010 CW14-1010

HRC20-35, Soft or Annealed Steel. 120-9 120-10 120-12 120-14

Ultrathin, Delicate. 114-9 114-10 114-12

Hard Non-Ferrous, Glass, Mineral. 111-9 111-10 111-12 111-14

Med. Non-Ferrous, Uranium, Titanium, Zirconium. 113-9 113-10 113-12 113-14

Med. Non-Ferrous, Titanium, Zirconium. CW09-Ti10 CW10-Ti10 CW12-Ti10 CW14-Ti10

Soft Non-Ferrous, Aluminum, Brass. 115-9 115-10 115-12 115-14

Soft Non-Ferrous, Aluminum, Brass. CW09-NF10 CW10-NF10 CW12-NF10 CW14-NF10

Ferrous, HRC50+. 118A-12

Ferrous, HRC50- . 118B-12

Non-Ferrous. 118C-12

C U T - O F F W H E E L S

The first step in metallographic sample preparation consists in sectioning a sample from a larger given piece to obtain a representative cross-section. Sectioning a material without causing structural changes defines the perfect cut. Abrasive cut-off wheels are made of abrasive particles bonded with a resin, a resin/rubber or a rubber matrix. They are designed to wear away, continuously exposing sharp new abrasive particles.

1


VERY HARD Stock, HRC 60 and higher.

RECOMMENDED USE: Carburized Steel, Tool Steel.

ARBOR HOLE: 1.25 inch (32mm) BOND: Resin-Rubber ABRASIVE: Al2O3

QUANTITY: 10/box

PRODUCT NUMBER SIZE THICKNESS

110- 9 9" (229mm) 0.070" (1.8mm)

110-10 10" (254mm) 0.075" (1.9mm)

110-12 12" (305mm) 0.093" (2.3mm)

110-14 14" (355mm) 0.093" (2.3mm)

HARD Stock, HRC 50 - 65.

RECOMMENDED USE: Hard Steel. ARBOR HOLE: 1.25 inch (32mm) BOND: Resin ABRASIVE: Al2O3

QUANTITY: 10/box

PRODUCT NUMBER SIZE THICKNESS COLOR

CW09-6010 9" (229mm) 0.070" (1.8mm) Yellow

CW10-6010 10" (254mm) 0.075" (1.9mm) Yellow

CW12-6010 12" (305mm) 0.093" (2.3mm) Yellow

CW14-6010 14" (355mm) 0.093" (2.3mm) Yellow

HARD Stock, HRC 45 - 60.

RECOMMENDED USE: Hard Steel.


QUANTITY: 10/box


112- 9 9" (229mm) 0.070" (1.8mm)

112-10 10" (254mm) 0.075" (1.9mm)

112-10RE 10" (254mm) 0.075" (1.9mm)

112-12 12" (305mm) 0.093" (2.3mm)

112-12A 12" (305mm) 0.062" (1.5mm)

112-14 14" (355mm) 0.093" (2.3mm)

2


MEDIUM Stock, HRC 35 - 50.

RECOMMENDED USE: Medium to Hard Steel.

ARBOR HOLE: 1.25 inch (32mm) BOND: Resin ABRASIVE: Al2O3

QUANTITY: 10/box


CW09-3510 9" (229mm) 0.070" (1.8mm) Orange

CW10-3510 10" (254mm) 0.075" (1.9mm) Orange

CW12-3510 12" (305mm) 0.093" (2.3mm) Orange

CW14-3510 14" (355mm) 0.093" (2.3mm) Orange

MEDIUM Stock, HRC 30 - 45.

RECOMMENDED USE: Medium to Hard Steel.


QUANTITY: 10/box


116- 9 9" (229mm) 0.070" (1.8mm)

116-10 10" (254mm) 0.075" (1.9mm)

116-12 12" (305mm) 0.093" (2.3mm)

116-14 14" (355mm) 0.093" (2.3mm)

SOFT Stock, HRC up to 35.

RECOMMENDED USE: Soft Steel.

ARBOR HOLE: 1.25 inch (32mm) BOND: Resin ABRASIVE: Al2O3

QUANTITY: 10/box


CW09-1010 9" (229mm) 0.070" (1.8mm) Red

CW10-1010 10" (254mm) 0.075" (1.9mm) Red

CW12-1010 12" (305mm) 0.093" (2.3mm) Red

CW14-1010 14" (355mm) 0.093" (2.3mm) Red

3


SOFT Stock, HRC 20 - 35.

RECOMMENDED USE: Soft or Annealed Steel.

ARBOR HOLE: 1.25 inch (32mm) BOND: Resin/Rubber ABRASIVE: Al2O3 QUANTITY: 10/box


120- 9 9" (229mm) 0.063" (1.6mm)

120-10 10" (254mm) 0.063" (1.6mm)

120-12 12" (305mm) 0.063" (1.6mm)

120-14 14" (355mm) 0.093" (2.3mm)

ULTRATHIN, DELICATE.

RECOMMENDED USE: Delicate Cutting.

ARBOR HOLE: 1.25 inch (32mm) BOND: Rubber ABRASIVE: Al2O3

QUANTITY: 10/box


114- 9 9" (229mm) 0.032" (0.8mm)

114-10 10" (254mm) 0.032" (0.8mm)

114-12 12" (305mm) 0.045" (1.1mm)

HARD NON - FERROUS.

RECOMMENDED USE: Glass, Mineral.

ARBOR HOLE: 1.25 inch (32mm) BOND: Rubber ABRASIVE: SiC QUANTITY: 10/box


111- 9 9" (229mm) 0.063" (1.6mm)

111-10 10" (254mm) 0.063" (1.6mm)

111-12 12" (305mm) 0.063" (1.6mm)

111-14 14" (355mm) 0.093" (2.3mm)

4


MEDIUM NON - FERROUS.

RECOMMENDED USE: Uranium, Titanium, Zirconium.



113- 9 9" (229mm) 0.063" (1.6mm)

113-10 10" (254mm) 0.063" (1.6mm)

113-12 12" (305mm) 0.063" (1.6mm)

113-14 14" (355mm) 0.093" (2.3mm)

MEDIUM NON - FERROUS.

RECOMMENDED USE: Titanium, Zirconium.

ARBOR HOLE: 1.25 inch (32mm) BOND: Resin ABRASIVE: SiC

QUANTITY: 10/box


CW09-Ti10 9" (229mm) 0.070" (1.8mm)

CW10- Ti10 10" (254mm) 0.075" (1.9mm)

CW12- Ti10 12" (305mm) 0.093" (2.3mm)

CW14- Ti10 14" (355mm) 0.093" (2.3mm)

SOFT NON - FERROUS.

RECOMMENDED USE: Aluminum, Brass.



115- 9 9" (229mm) 0.063" (1.6mm)

115-10 10" (254mm) 0.063" (1.6mm)

115-12 12" (305mm) 0.063" (1.6mm)

115-14 14" (355mm) 0.093" (2.3mm)

5


SOFT NON – FERROUS.

RECOMMENDED USE: Aluminum, Brass.

ARBOR HOLE: 1.25 inch (32mm) BOND: Resin ABRASIVE: SiC QUANTITY: 10/box


CW09- NF10 9" (229mm) 0.070" (1.8mm) Green

CW10- NF10 10" (254mm) 0.075" (1.9mm) Green

CW12- NF10 12" (305mm) 0.093" (2.3mm) Green

CW14- NF10 14" (355mm) 0.093" (2.3mm) Green

FERROUS, HRC50 +.

RECOMMENDED USE: Super and Ferrous Alloys.


QUANTITY: 10/box


118A- 12 12" (305mm) 0.100" (2.5mm)

FERROUS, HRC50 -.

RECOMMENDED USE: Ferrous Alloys below HRC50. ARBOR HOLE: 1.38 inch (35mm) BOND: Resin-Rubber ABRASIVE: Al2O3

QUANTITY: 10/box


118B-12 12" (305mm) 0.100" (2.5mm)

6


NON - FERROUS.

RECOMMENDED USE: Non-ferrous Alloys.

ARBOR HOLE: 1.38 inch (35mm) BOND: Resin-Rubber ABRASIVE: SiC QUANTITY: 10/box


118C-12 12" (305mm) 0.100" (2.5mm)

NOTES:

7


SMALL WHEELS. Aluminum oxide

ARBOR HOLE: 0.5 inch (12.7mm) BOND: Resin-Rubber ABRASIVE: Al2O3

QUANTITY: 10/box


145-4 4" (102mm) 0.03" (0.76mm)

145-5 5" (127mm) 0.03" (0.76mm)

145-6 6" (152mm) 0.03" (0.76mm)

145-7 7" (178mm) 0.03" (0.76mm)

145-8 8" (203mm) 0.03" (0.76mm)

147-7 7" (178mm) 0.06" (1.5 mm)

SMALL WHEELS. Silicon carbide

ARBOR HOLE: 0.5 inch (12.7mm) BOND: Rubber ABRASIVE: SiC QUANTITY: 10/box


146-4 4" (102mm) 0.03" (0.76mm)

146-5 5" (127mm) 0.03" (0.76mm)

146-6 6" (152mm) 0.03" (0.76mm)

146-7 7" (178mm) 0.03" (0.76mm)

146-8 8" (203mm) 0.03" (0.76mm)

148-7 7" (178mm) 0.06" (1.5 mm)

SELECTION OF

SMALL ABRASIVE CUT-OFF WHEELS Blade size Aluminum Oxide Silicon Carbide

4" x 0.030" x 0.5" 145-4 146-4 5" x 0.030" x 0.5" 145-5 146-5 6" x 0.030" x 0.5" 145-6 146-6 7" x 0.030" x 0.5" 145-7 146-7 7" x 0.060" x 0.5" 147-7 148-7 8" x 0.030" x 0.5" 145-8 146-8

8


DIAMOND WHEELS. RESIN BOND

ARBOR HOLE: 1.25 inch (32mm) QUANTITY: Each

PRODUCT NUMBER

PRODUCT NUMBER

PRODUCT NUMBER DIAMETER THICKNESS

140R- 8 141R- 8 142R- 8 8" (203mm) 0.035" (1.14mm)

140R-10 141R-10 142R-10 10" (254mm) 0.05" (1.27mm)

140R-12 141R-12 142R-12 12" (305mm) 0.07" (1.78mm)

DIAMOND WHEELS. METAL BOND

ARBOR HOLE: 1.25 inch (32mm) QUANTITY: Each

PRODUCT NUMBER

PRODUCT NUMBER


140M- 8 141M- 8 142M- 8 8" (203mm) 0.035" (1.14mm)

140M-10 141M-10 142M-10 10" (254mm) 0.05" (1.27mm)

140M-12 141M-12 142M-12 12" (305mm) 0.07" (1.78mm)

SELECTION OF

DIAMOND WHEELS

Wheel size Resin Bond

Diamond concentration Metal Bond

Diamond concentration

High Medium Low High Medium Low 8" x 0.035" x 1.25" 140R- 8 142R- 8 141R- 8 140M- 8 142M- 8 141M- 8

10" x 0.050" x 1.25" 140R-10 142R-10 141R-10 140M-10 142M-10 141M-10 12" x 0.070" x 1.25" 140R-12 142R-12 141R-12 140M-12 142M-12 141M-12

Diamond wheels are available in resin or metal bond. The wheels have diamond particles bonded on the matrix along outside diameter. The metal bond wheel is recommended for brittle material. The resin bond is usually recommended for sintered material.

9


METAL BOND . Wafering diamond wheels

ARBOR HOLE: 0.5 inch (12.7mm) QUANTITY: Each.

PRODUCT NUMBER

PRODUCT NUMBER


140M-3 141M-3 142M-3 3" ( 76mm) 0.006" (0.15mm)

140M-4 141M-4 142M-4 4" (102mm) 0.012" (0.30mm)

140M-5 141M-5 142M-5 5" (127mm) 0.015" (0.38mm)

140M-6 141M-6 142M-6 6" (152mm) 0.020" (0.50mm)

140M-7 141M-7 142M-7 7" (178mm) 0.025" (0.60mm)

140M-8 141M-8 142M-8 8" (203mm) 0.045" (0.70mm)

SELECTION OF

WAFERING DIAMOND WHEELS

Wheel size Metal Bond

Diamond concentration Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN)

High Medium Low 3" x 0.006" x 0.5" 140M-3 142M-3 141M-3 144-3 4" x 0.012" x 0.5" 140M-4 142M-4 141M-4 144-4 5" x 0.015" x 0.5" 140M-5 142M-5 141M-5 144-5 6" x 0.020" x 0.5" 140M-6 142M-6 141M-6 144-6 7" x 0.025" x 0.5" 140M-7 142M-7 141M-7 144-7 8" x 0.045" x 0.5" 140M-8 142M-8 141M-8 144-8

Wafering blades made of metal have diamond particles bound along the rim of the blade. The diamond blades are available in a resin or a metal bond. For sectioning with a wafering blade, a 50-5000 rpm speed and an adequate coolant should be selected. The pressure to the wheel/sample contact point should not be applied with excessive force. To remove any metal debris, it is recommended to dress the wafering blade using a dressing stick. Metal Bond blades are recommended for alumina, ceramics, nitrides, zirconia, electronic packaging and soft metal base alloys. The Cubic Boron Nitride blades are considered to be a long term wheel and are designed for ferrous and nickel-based super-alloys.

10


CUBIC BORON NITRIDE. Wheels

ARBOR HOLE: 0.5 inch (12.7mm) QUANTITY: Each.

Cubic Boron Nitride is second in hardness only to the Diamond. With very high thermal stability and resistance to Chemical attack, CBN is widely used for cutting a variety of ferrous materials.

PRODUCT NUMBER SIZE THICKNESS 144-3 3" ( 76mm) 0.006" (0.15mm)

144-4 4" (102mm) 0.012" (0.30mm)

144-5 5" (127mm) 0.015" (0.38mm)

144-6 6" (152mm) 0.020" (0.50mm)

144-7 7" (178mm) 0.025" (0.60mm)

NOTES:

11


DRESSING STICKS

Dressing sticks are formulated from silicon carbide or alumina oxide and are usually used for dressing diamond wheels. To make sure the diamond particles are exposed properly, the wheel must be dressed frequently.

PRODUCT NUMBER DESCRIPTION SIZE UNIT

151 Diamond Dressing Stick, SiC 0.5" x 0.5" x 6" 1

152 Diamond Dressing Stick, Al2O3 0.5" x 0.5" x 6" 1

151- 1 Diamond Dressing Stick, SiC 1" x 1" x 6" 1

152- 1 Diamond Dressing Stick, Al2O3 1" x 1" x 6" 1

CUTTING SOLUTIONS

There are two recommended cutting solutions sectioning. Rust/Coolant Inhibitor is used when sectioning samples using large loads at high speeds. The coolant should be directed at the contact point between the section being cut and the abrasive wheel. The flow should be uniform on both sides of the wheel. Cutting oil is used when performing precision sectioning at low speeds.

PRODUCT NUMBER DESCRIPTION METRIC UNIT

150- 32 Cutting Oil.

0.95 L 32 oz.

150-128 3.8 L 1 gal.

166- 32

Rust/Coolant Inhibitor.

0.95 L 32 oz.

166-128 3.8 L 1 gal.

166-640 19 L 5 gal.

SELECTION OF

SECTIONING ACCESSORIES

Dressing sticks. Cutting solutions.

12


Metallographic samples are mounted to protect edges of fragile materials and to prepare multiple samples of uniform size. Compression mounting is carried out using a mounting press where the sample and the selected mounting media material are inserted in the mounting cylinder. Heat and pressure are simultaneously applied during the mounting cycle of the sample. The two types of mounting media are available: There are Thermoplastic and thermosetting powders. Thermoplastic mounting material remains fluid at elevated molding temperatures and hardens during cooling. This resin can be used for fragile materials. Pressure can be applied when resin is in the molten state. A useful property of the thermoplastic resin is its transparency once cooled. It is much easier to detect the area of interest. Thermosetting mounting material is wood flour filled with phenolic compound that cures at elevated temperature and pressure. The available thermosetting powders are phenolic, diallyl phthalate and epoxies. The phenolic powder in the form of powders or preforms is the more commonly used. The diallyl phthalate is available with mineral or fiberglass filler. The edge retention of the glass filled is better than phenolic powder. The epoxies provide the best edge retention with low shrinkage. The selection of the type of compression mounting powder to use will depend on the abrasion rate of the media and the sample being mounted. Normally, one would choose a mounting medium with an abrasion rate comparable to that of the sample.

Compression mounting

Resin Form Type Molding Temperature

Properties

Epoxy Powder Thermosetting 356 °F/180 °C

Very hard. Edge retention. Low shrinkage. Resistant to chemical attack.

Phenolic Powder

Preforms

Thermosetting 350°F/175 °C

General mounting. Rapid. High shrinkage. Fair edge retention. Not resistant to chemical attack.

Diallyl Phthalate Powder Thermosetting 280 °F/138 °C

Good edge retention. Resistant to chemical attack. Low shrinkage.

Thermoplastic Powder Thermoplastic 341 °F/172 °C Transparent mounts. Slow cure. Not resistant to chemical attack.

Technotherm© 3000 Powder Thermosetting 335 °F/170 °C

Adheres to copper. Electrically conductive. Not resistant to chemical attack.

M O U N T I N G

13


PHENOLIC Powders

PRODUCT NUMBER COLOR UNIT

199- 5 BROWN

2.3 kg. / 5 lbs.

200- 5 RED

2.3 kg. / 5 lbs. 200-20 9.1 kg. / 20 lbs. 200-55 25 kg. / 55 lbs. 201- 5

GREEN 2.3 kg. / 5 lbs.

201-20 9.1 kg. / 20 lbs. 201-55 25 kg. / 55 lbs. 202- 5

BLACK 2.3 kg. / 5 lbs.

202-20 9.1 kg. / 20 lbs.

202-55 25 kg. / 55 lbs.

PHENOLIC Preforms

Diameter: 1.00 inch ( 25 mm )

PRODUCT NUMBER COLOR UNIT

200-1-100

RED 100

200-1-500 500

200-1-1000 1000

201-1-100

GREEN 100

201-1-500 500

201-1-1000 1000

202-1-100 BLACK

100

202-1-500 500 202-1-1000 1000

Diameter: 1.25 inch ( 32 mm ) Diameter: 1.50 inch ( 38 mm )

200-1.25-100

RED 100 200-1.50-100

RED 100

200-1.25-500 500 200-1.50-500 500

200-1.25-1000 1000 200-1.50-1000 1000

201-1.25-100

GREEN 100 201-1.50-100

GREEN 100

201-1.25-500 500 201-1.50-500 500

201-1.25-1000 1000 201-1.50-1000 1000

202-1.25-100

BLACK 100 202-1.50-100

BLACK 100

202-1.25-500 500 202-1.50-500 500

202-1.25-1000 1000 202-1.50-1000 1000

14


DIALLYL PHTHALATE Powders

SHORT GLASS FIBER MINERAL

PRODUCT NUMBER

UNIT PRODUCT NUMBER

UNIT

203- 1 0.45 kg. / 1 lb. 204- 1 0.45 kg. / 1 lb. 203- 5 2.3 kg. / 5lbs. 204- 5 2.3 kg. / 5lbs. 203-20 9.1 kg. / 20 lbs. 204-20 9.1 kg. / 20 lbs.

EPOXY Powders

PRODUCT NUMBER UNIT

211- 1 0.45 kg. / 1 lb. 211- 5 2.3 kg. / 4lbs. 211-20 9.1 kg. / 20 lbs. 211-50 23 kg. / 50 lbs.

THERMOPLASTIC Powders

PRODUCT NUMBER UNIT

213- 1 0.45 kg. / 1 lb. 213- 5 2.3 kg. / 5lbs. 213-20 9.1 kg. / 20 lbs. 213-50 23 kg. / 50 lbs.

TECHNOTHERM © 3000

PRODUCT NUMBER UNIT

231-L 1.0 kg. / 2.2 lbs.

Technotherm© 3000 is an electrically conductive resin in the Technotherm line. The graphite-filled resin has an outstanding electronically conductive property. It can be used in SEM without a built charge. This type of mounting medium can also be used for electro polishing.

15


Ambient mounting

Ambient mounting technique is a suitable method when a specimen may be sensitive to pressure and heat evolved during compression mounting. The most common systems for cold mounting materials are Epoxies, Acrylics and Polyesters. These systems are all made of two or three components consisting of resins and hardeners. Epoxies are slow curing and have low shrinkage properties, suitable for ceramic and mineral samples. Acrylics have a short polymerization time and give a clear transparent mount. Polyester resin is fast curing and provides an opaque white mount.

Name of Product Groups Curing

time Exothermic

Peak Properties

Epoxy Epoxy

24 hrs. .

190 0F / 90 0C

• Cures slowly. • Transparent. • Excellent edge retention. • Excellent abrasion resistance.

Technovit 4000 © Polyester 8 min. 230 0F / 110 0C

• Cures rapidly. • White opaque. • Excellent edge retention. • Excellent abrasion resistance.

Technovit 4002 © Polyester 15 min. 230 0F / 110 0C

• Cures rapidly. • White. • Excellent edge retention. • Excellent abrasion resistance.

Technovit 4004 © Acrylic 6 min.

212 0F / 100 0C

• Cures rapidly. • Good edge retention. • Clear yellow. • Some shrinkage.

Technovit 4006 © Acrylic 8 min.

212 0F / 100 0C

• Cures rapidly. • Good edge retention. • High clear. • Reduced the polymerization heat by 10%. • Reduced shrinkage.

Technovit 4071 © Acrylic 5 min. 220 0F / 105 0C

• Cures rapidly. • General purpose. • Green translucent.. • Some shrinkage.


• Conductive. • Cures rapidly. • Good edge retention. • Suitable for use in SEM. • Some shrinkage. • Resistant to chemical attack.


• Cures rapidly. • General purpose. • Green translucent. • Some shrinkage. • Dissolves in acetone

Formula 1 © Acrylic 9 min. 70 0F / 21 0C

• Cures rapidly. • Good edge retention. • Clear white. • Some shrinkage.

16


EPOXY Systems

EPOXY System Curing time: 24 hours.

Epoxy resins are usually two part system consisting of a resin and a hardener. The nominal mixing Ratio is from 10 parts resin to 1 part hardener. The polymerization is 24 hours. The advantage of using an epoxy system is that it has a low shrinkage, is transparent, a low exothermic temperature, excellent edge retention and is resistant to chemical attack.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION QUANTITY KIT LIQUID POWDER

EPOXY, Kit. 1 Kit. 233-L Hazardous product, extra handling and shipping fee.

ACRYLIC Systems

Technovit 4004 © System

A clear yellow two-component system based on methyl methacrylate in the form of powder and liquid. This system is recommended for all samples where the user needs to inspect the sample through the embedding media during the sample preparation. This system can be used in a variety of ways and is suitable for routine work procedures on account of its rapid polymerization time. It can be mixed at ratios 1:1 to 3:1 of powder and liquid. The ratio selected would depend on the respective requirements and flow properties. We recommend a ratio of 2:1 when used at room temperature.


Technovit 4004, Large Kit. Powder, 2.0 kg.

235-L

Liquid, 1000 ml.

Technovit 4004, Powder. 2.0 kg. 235-2000R

Technovit 4004, Liquid. 1000 ml. 235-1000H

Hazardous product, extra handling and shipping fee.

17



A crystal clear two-component system based on methyl methacrylate in the form of powder and liquid. The integrated adhesion primer allows a very gap reduced bond to the sample. The material is mixed in a ratio of 2 parts powder and 1 part liquid. The material polymerizes in approximately 8 minutes. Technovit 4006 would require the use of pressure vessel system.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION QUANTITY KIT LIQUID POWDER Technovit 4006, Large Kit. Powder, 2.0 kg.

234-L

Liquid, 1000 ml.





The green-transparent two-component system based on methyl methacrylate in the form of powder and liquid. The system is a fast universal embedding system. The advantages of this material are the ease of use and high flexibility regarding mixing ratios, its excellent flow ability and its fast polymerization time, which is less than 5 minutes.



237-L

Liquid, 1000 ml.





The Technovit 5000 is a conductive polymer based on modified methyl methacrylate. Its conductive elements consist of dendritic copper particles. Due to the good and homogeneous conductivity of the polymer, electric contact can be established in all parts on the material.





18



Just like the Technovit 4071, the green-transparent two-component system is based on methyl methacrylate in the form of powder and liquid. The system is a fast universal embedding system. The advantages of this material are the ease of use and high flexibility regarding mixing ratios, its excellent flow ability and its fast polymerization time, which is less than 5 minutes. The Technovit 5071 can be dissolved with acetone, trichloroethylene and dichloromethane. It can also be used for SEM work.



238-L

Liquid, 500 ml.



Hazardous product, an extra handling and shipping fee will be charged.

Formula 1 © System

A clear white two-component system based on methyl methacrylate in the form of powder and liquid. This system recommended for all samples where the user need to inspect the sample through the embedding media during the sample preparation. This system can be suitable for routine work procedures on account of its rapid polymerization time. We recommend a ratio of 2:1 when used at room temperature.


Formula 1, Large Kit. Powder, 2.3 kg

206-L

Liquid 1.9 L

Formula 1, Powder. 2.3 kg / 5.0 lbs. 206-R

Formula 1, Liquid. 1.9 L/64 oz. 206-H


19


Polyester Systems


Technovit 4000 is a fast curing, cold polymerizing, three components system based on modified polyester, and is available in the form of powder, syrup 1 and syrup 2. The mixing ration is 2:2:1 (powder, syrup 1 and syrup 2). The syrups are mixed together first and the powder is mixed last. The Technovit 4000 is distinguished by its low shrinkage when polymerizing and its perfect margin fit. Due to its excellent flow characteristics, Technovit 4000 guarantees that geometrically demanding samples are optimally embedded.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION QUANTITY KIT


232-L Liquid I, 1000 ml. Liquid II, 500 ml.

Technovit 4000, Liquid I. 1000 ml. 232-Liquid I

Technovit 4000, Liquid II . 500 ml. 232-Liquid II



Technovit 4002 is based on modified polyester and consists of a powder and liquid.. This two component polymer has been specifically developed for embedding without any shrinkage or leaving gasps. Technovit 4002 has a curing time of 15 minutes. The system is mixed by weight in a ratio 2:1. By volume, the ratio is 3:1.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION QUANTITY KIT

Technovit 4002, Large Kit. Powder, 1.0 kg. 228-L Liquid, 500 ml.

Technovit 4002, Powder. Powder, 1.0 kg. 228-1000R



20


Plastic mounting cups.

PRODUCT NUMBER DESCRIPTION UNIT

214-1 Mounting Cups, 1 " (25 mm). 10

214-1.25 Mounting Cups, 1.25 " (32 mm). 10

214-1.5 Mounting Cups, 1.5 "" (38 mm). 10

Silicon rubber molds. 21


216-1 Silicone Rubber Molds, 1 " (25 mm). 1 216-1.25 Silicone Rubber Molds, 1.25 " (32 mm). 1

216-1.5 Silicone Rubber Molds, 1.5 " (38 mm). 1 216-2 Silicone Rubber Molds, 2 " (51 mm). 1

Spray adhesive


217-17 Spray Adhesive. 17 oz. Hazardous product, an extra handling and shipping fee will be charged.

Castable Mounting Accessories

Plastic covers.


212-1 Plastic Covers, 1 " (25 mm). 50 212-1.25 Plastic Cover, 1.25 “(32 mm). 50

212-1.5 Plastic Cover, 1.5 " (38 mm). 50

21


Mold release.


230-19 Spray Mold Release. 19 oz. 230-WAX Release Wax Powder. 12 oz.

Hazardous product, an extra handling and shipping fee will be charged.

Specimen lacquer spray.


240-12 Specimen Lacquer Spray. 12 oz. Hazardous product, an extra handling and shipping fee will be charged.

Stirring sticks, paper cups.


250-1 Stirring Sticks. 500 252-5 Paper Cups, 5 oz. 100

Sample clips.


270-1 Spring Clips, Metal. 100 270-500 Spring Clips, Metal. 500 270-1000 Spring Clips, Metal. 1000 270-6-100 Spring Clips, Metal, 6mm. 100 270-9-100 Spring Clips, Metal, 9mm. 100 272-100 Spring Clips, Plastic, white. 100 272-500 Spring Clips, Plastic, white. 500 272-1000 Spring Clips, Plastic, white. 1000 275-200M Multisample Clips with Support. 200 275-100U Plastic Clips with Support. 100 276-1-100 Multisample Clips, 1mm. 100 276-2-100 Multisample Clips, 2mm. 100 276-3-100 Multisample Clips, 3mm. 100

22


NOTES:

23


G R I N D I N G ABRASIVE Belts

Abrasive belts are generally used to remove scale burrs and any deformation produced during sectioning. Constructed of X weight cloth, a heavy backing material, the abrasive belts can be used wet or dry. To make the most effective use of the abrasive belts the choice of correct joint is very important. These belts have a special butt splice, reinforced with a strong plastic film to prevent specimen "bump" where the ends meet. Silicon carbide abrasive, the most frequently used in a materials laboratory, with a hardness of 9.6, is a brittle mineral used for a wide range of ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Aluminum oxide abrasive has a hardness of 9.4, is also a mineral that is tough and durable. Zirconia-alumina abrasive, with a hardness of 8.5, a very hard alloy mineral of aluminum and zirconium oxide, is very effective for coarse grade stock removal. All the above-mentioned abrasives have very wedge-shaped grains.

SILICON CARBIDE ( WET or DRY )

Dimensions: 4 " x 36 " (102 mm x 914 mm) PRODUCT NUMBER GRIT UNIT

300-60 60 10

300-80 80 10

300-120 120 10

300-180 180 10

300-240 240 10

300-320 320 10

300-400 400 10

300-600 600 10

ALUMINUM OXYDE ( WET or DRY ) ZIRCONIA - ALUMINIA ( WET or DRY )

Dimensions: 4 " x 36 " (102 mm x 914 mm) Dimensions: 4 " x 36 " (102 mm x 914 mm)

PRODUCT NUMBER GRIT UNIT PRODUCT NUMBER GRIT UNIT

310-60 60 10 320-60 60 5

310-80 80 10 320-120 120 5

310-100 100 10 320-180 180 5

310-150 150 10 320-220 220 5

310-180 180 10

310-240 240 10

310-320 320 10

24


Abrasive Rolls

Abrasive Rolls, Sheets and Strips made of silicon carbide are used for hand grinding. These products are a careful combination of abrasive type, resin system, and backing material designed to meet the specifications of the Metallurgist. These products can be used wet or dry.


Dimensions: 3 “ (76 mm) C-weight PRODUCT NUMBER GRIT UNIT

350-240 240 75’

350-320 320 75’

350-400 400 75’

350-600 600 75’


Dimensions: 3 7/8 " (88 mm) C-weight

PRODUCT NUMBER GRIT UNIT

352-240 240 75’

352-320 320 75’

352-400 400 75’

352-600 600 75’

Abrasive Strips

.


Dimensions: 3" x 11 " (76 mm x 279 mm) PSA, C-weight. PRODUCT NUMBER GRIT UNIT

365-240 240 100

365-320 320 100

365-400 400 100

365-600 600 100

25


NOTES:

Abrasive Sheets


Dimensions: 9" x 11 " (229 mm x 279 mm) Plain back. C-weight. PRODUCT NUMBER GRIT UNIT

360-120 120 50

360-180 180 50

360-240 240 50

360-320 320 50

360-400 400 50

360-600 600 50

26


Abrasive Discs

Coarse grinding removes any deformed surfaces resulting from sectioning and minimizes any new deformations. Abrasive discs such as Silicon Carbide, Aluminum Oxide, Zirconia and Diamond discs are used for this process. The selection will depend on the hardness and type of the material. The Aluminum Oxide abrasive discs are recommended for ferrous material. Silicon Carbide abrasive discs are used for non-ferrous and soft steel materials. Water is recommended as a coolant to prevent overheating of the sample and to remove abrasion debris. The metallographic specimen is treated from the coarser to finer grits of abrasive. The C-weight abrasive discs are available with either Plain Back or with Pressure Sensitive Adhesive.


Diameter: 2” 7/8 (73 mm). PSA, C-weight. PRODUCT NUMBER GRIT UNIT

423-60 60 100

423-120 120 100

423-180 180 100

423-240 240 100

423-320 320 100

423-400 400 100

423-600 600 100

423-800 800 100

423-1200 1200 100

SILICON CARBIDE ( WET or DRY ) SILICON CARBIDE ( WET or DRY ) Diameter: 8” (203 mm). Diameter: 8” (203 mm).

Plain Back, C-weight. PSA, C-weight.


400- 60 60 100 410- 60 60 100

400- 80 80 100 410- 80 80 100

400-120 120 100 410-120 120 100

400-180 180 100 410-180 180 100

400-240 240 100 410-240 240 100

400-320 320 100 410-320 320 100

400-400 400 100 410-400 400 100

400-600 600 100 410-600 600 100

400-800 800 100 410-800 800 100

400-1200 1200 100 410-1200 1200 100

27


SILICON CARBIDE ( WET or DRY ) SILICON CARBIDE ( WET or DRY ) Diameter: 9” (229 mm) Diameter: 9” (229 mm)

Plain Back, C-weight. PSA, C-weight. PRODUCT NUMBER GRIT UNIT PRODUCT NUMBER GRIT UNIT 409- 60 60 100 419- 60 60 100

409-120 120 100 419-120 120 100 409-180 180 100 419-180 180 100 409-240 240 100 419-240 240 100 409-320 320 100 419-320 320 100 409-400 400 100 419-400 400 100 409-600 600 100 419-600 600 100 409-800 800 100 419-800 800 100 409-1200 1200 100 419-1200 1200 100

SILICON CARBIDE ( WET or DRY ) SILICON CARBIDE ( WET or DRY )

Diameter: 10” (254 mm). Diameter: 10” (254 mm).

Plain Back, C-weight. PSA, C-weight. PRODUCT NUMBER GRIT UNIT PRODUCT NUMBER GRIT UNIT 403- 60 60 100 413- 60 60 100 403-120 120 100 413-120 120 100 403-180 180 100 413-180 180 100 403-240 240 100 413-240 240 100 403-320 320 100 413-320 320 100 403-400 400 100 413-400 400 100 403-600 600 100 413-600 600 100 403-800 800 100 413-800 800 100 403-1200 1200 100 413-1200 1200 100

SILICON CARBIDE ( WET or DRY ) SILICON CARBIDE ( WET or DRY )


Plain Back, C-weight. PSA, C-weight. PRODUCT NUMBER GRIT UNIT PRODUCT NUMBER GRIT UNIT

402- 60 60 100 412- 60 60 100

402- 80 80 100 412- 80 80 100

402-120 120 100 412-120 120 100

402-180 180 100 412-180 180 100

402-240 240 100 412-240 240 100

402-320 320 100 412-320 320 100

402-400 400 100 412-400 400 100

402-600 600 100 412-600 600 100

402-800 800 100 412-800 800 100

402-1200 1200 100 412-1200 1200 100

28


SILICON CARBIDE SILICON CARBIDE ( WET or DRY ) Diameter: 14” (356 mm) Diameter: 14” (356 mm)

Plain Back, C-weight. PSA, C-weight. PRODUCT NUMBER GRIT UNIT PRODUCT NUMBER GRIT UNIT

404- 60 60 100 414- 60 60 100 404-120 120 100 414-120 120 100 404-180 180 100 414-180 180 100 404-240 240 100 414-240 240 100 404-320 320 100 414-320 320 100 404-400 400 100 414-400 400 100 404-600 600 100 414-600 600 100

*Minimum of 5 boxes per grit size.

*Minimum of 5 boxes per grit size.

ALUMINUM OXIDE ( WET or DRY )

ALUMINUM OXIDE ( WET or DRY )


Plain Back, C-weight. Plain Back, C-weight. PRODUCT NUMBER GRIT UNIT PRODUCT NUMBER GRIT UNIT

450-120 120 100 452-120 120 100 450-240 240 100 452-240 240 100 450-320 320 100 452-320 320 100 450-400 400 100 452-400 400 100 450-600 600 100 452-600 600 100

ZIRCONIUM OXIDE ( WET or DRY )

Diameter: 12” (305 mm).

PSA, Cloth backing. PRODUCT NUMBER GRIT UNIT

453- 36 36 1 453- 60 60 1 453- 80 80 1

453-120 120 1 453-180 180 1 453-220 220 1

29


NOTES:

Double-sided adhesives Discs

The double-sided adhesive is a re-usable adhesive to attach non-adhesive abrasive papers to the metal plate. It can also be used between the polishing pads and the wheel to provide an additional barrier. The uniform thickness preserves the flatness of any material applied.

PRODUCT NUMBER DIAMETER UNIT

760- 8 8” (203 mm) 10

760-10 10” (254 mm) 10

760-12 12” (305 mm) 10

760-14 14” (356 mm) 10

30


NOTES:

Magnetic Disc system

The Magnetic Support Disc is a PSA magnetic rubber disc available in 8, 10 and 12 inch diameters. To change the old platen to a magnetic system is to peel the PSA side of the Magnetic Support Disc and apply it to the platen. The Magnetic Support Disc can be used on any conventional system. Once the platen is equipped with the Magnetic Support Disc, place the metallic side of the disc on the rubber surface of the platen. The Magnetic Disc System is recommended to metallography lab technicians dealing with the preparation of a wide range of products or having to use a wide array of abrasive discs or polishing cloths.

RUBBER DISCS

Magnetic rubber discs.

Use in conjunction with PSA cloths or abrasive discs.

PRODUCT NUMBER DIAMETER UNIT

805-008 8” (200 mm) 1

805-010 10” (254 mm) 1

805-012 12” (300 mm) 1

31


DIAMOND GRINDING discs DIAMOND GRINDING discs


Resin Bond -- PSA. Resin Bond -- PSA. PRODUCT NUMBER MICRONS UNIT PRODUCT NUMBER MICRONS UNIT

471- 6 6 1 471- 45 45 1 471- 9 9 1 471- 60 60 1 471-15 15 1 471-160 160 1 471-30 30 1 471-300 300 1

DIAMOND GRINDING discs DIAMOND GRINDING discs


Metal Bond -- PSA. Metal Bond -- PSA. PRODUCT NUMBER MICRONS UNIT PRODUCT NUMBER MICRONS UNIT

470- 15 15 1 476- 15 15 1

470- 30 30 1 476- 30 30 1

470- 45 45 1 476- 45 45 1

470- 60 60 1 476- 60 60 1

470-160 160 1 476-160 160 1

Diamond Discs

Diamond discs consist of a layer of carefully graded diamonds securely bonded to a 1/16 inch flat metal plate. Two bond types are available, metal bond and resin bond. Metal bond diamond discs consist of diamond particles electroplated to a 1/16 inch flat plate with a nickel bond. This process provides maximum bond strength, an aggressive cutting action and extends disc life. Resin bonded diamond discs use a resin matrix to bond the diamond particles to a flat aluminum backing. This results in a less aggressive cutting action but a finer finish. Both types of diamond discs are intended for ceramics, carbides and carbide alloys, nitrides, zirconia and other hardened metals. Regulating pressure and lubricant flow can control the texture of the finish obtained.

32


DIAMOND SPOT discs DIAMOND SPOT discs


Resin Bond -- PSA. Resin Bond -- PSA. PRODUCT NUMBER MICRONS PRODUCT NUMBER MICRONS

461-10 10 465-10 10 461-30 30 465-30 30 461-75 75 465-75 75

DIAMOND SPOT discs DIAMOND SPOT discs


Metal Bond -- PSA. Metal Bond -- PSA.

PRODUCT NUMBER PRODUCT NUMBER MICRONS 460- 10 10 464- 10 10 460- 20 20 464- 20 20 460- 40 40 464- 40 40 460- 75 75 464- 75 75

460-125 125 464-125 125

Diamond Spot Discs

Diamond spot discs consist of spot diamond electroplating through a color-coded nylon mesh substrate. This application procedure gives a longer life to the diamond spot disc, providing an aggressive material removal rate. The quality of the sample surface obtained will be dependent on the flatness of the substrate on which it is used. Since the fixed diamonds are much harder than the specimen and mounting material, the diamond spot discs will cut both at the same rate. This characteristic produces specimen edges with distinct sharpness. Diamond spot discs will prove most effective on hard non-ferrous metals, ceramic, carbides, zirconia alloys, cobalt super alloys, high-speed steels and titanium.

33


CAMEO © GRINDING system

The first step that is undertaken when samples are to be prepared is to planerize the sample surface. The pre-grinding is performed usually with Silicon Carbide abrasives. The CAMEO-PLATINUM disc provides a system that saves time and ensures the removal of the stock material is done evenly. There are four different types of PLATINUM discs:

• Type 1 corresponds to grit size 60 to 120 Cami. • Type 2 corresponds to grit size 240 to 280 Cami. • Type 3 corresponds to grit size 320 Cami. • Type 4 corresponds to grit size 600 Cami.

PRODUCT NUMBER DESCRIPTION (type) SIZE UNIT

495-200 Platinum Type 1 200 mm 1












Dressing Sticks for Diamond Discs

PRODUCT NUMBER DESCRIPTION SIZE UNIT

151-1 Diamond Dressing Stick, SiC 1" x 1" x 6" 1

152-1 Diamond Dressing Stick, Al2O3 1" x 1" x 6" 1

34


High Purity Alumina Powders

Polishing Powders are used in the rough and final polishing steps for many materials. At this step the surface damaged of the sample needs to be removed and the flatness maintained. Alumina Oxide is available in either levigated or as a high purity synthetic (powder or suspension). The particle size and crystal structure are temperature dependent. The Gamma type is of low temperature form and is sized 0.05 micron. The Alpha is of high temperature form and is sized at 0.3 and 1 micron.

NON DEAGGLOMERATED FORM PRODUCT NUMBER DESCRIPTION MICRON UNIT METRIC

5501-1 Alpha C, Hexagonal

1 1 lb. 0.45 kg. 5501-5 1 5 lbs. 2.30 kg. 5503-1

Alpha C, Hexagonal 0.3 1 lb. 0.45 kg.

5503-5 0.3 5 lbs. 2.30 kg. 5505-1 Gamma B,

Cubic 0.05 1 lb. 0.45 kg.

5505-5 0.05 5 lbs. 2.30 kg. 5509-1

Levigated 9 1 lb. 0.45 kg.

5509-5 9 5 lbs. 2.30 kg. 5550-1


5550-5 5 5 lbs. 2.30 kg.

DEAGGLOMERATED FORM

PRODUCT NUMBER DESCRIPTION MICRON UNIT METRIC

5601-1 Alpha C, Hexagonal

1 1 lb. 0.45 kg. 5601-5 1 5 lbs. 2.30 kg. 5603-1 Alpha C,

Hexagonal 0.3 1 lb. 0.45 kg.

5603-5 0.3 5 lbs. 2.30 kg. 5605-1 Gamma B,

Cubic 0.05 1 lb. 0.45 kg.

5605-5 0.05 5 lbs. 2.30 kg. 5609-1


5609-5 9 5 lbs. 2.30 kg. 5612-1


5612-5 12 5 lbs. 2.30 kg. 5620-1


5620-5 20 5 lbs. 2.30 kg. 5650-1


5650-5 5 5 lbs. 2.30 kg.

P O L I S H I N G

35


High Purity Alumina

DEAGGLOMERATED SUSPENSION

The aggregated Alumina is maintained in suspensions by a surfactant agent. The polishing cloths recommended are Imperial, Final Finish I, Final Finish II and Black Star.

PRODUCT NUMBER DESCRIPTION MICRON UNIT METRIC 5601S- 8 Alpha C,

Hexagonal 1 8 oz. 0.24 l.

5601S-128 1 1 gal. 3.80 l. 5603S- 8 Alpha C,

Hexagonal 0.3 8 oz. 0.24 l.

5603S-128 0.3 1 gal. 3.80 l. 5605S- 8 Gamma B,

Cubic 0.05 8 oz. 0.24 l.

5605S-128 0.05 1 gal. 3.80 l. Temperature controlled substance

CERIUM Suspension

The Cerium suspension is recommended for the final polishing step of soft materials such as copper, aluminum and lead. It gives an optical finish. PRODUCT NUMBER MICRON UNIT METRIC

5911S- 8 0.5 8 oz. 0.24 l. 59011-128 0.5 1 gal. 3.80 l. 5911S- 8 1 8 oz. 0.24 l. 5911S-128 1 1 gal. 3.80 l. 5913S- 8 3 8 oz. 0.24 l. 5913S-128 3 1 gal. 3.80 l.

Temperature controlled substance

COLLOIDAL SILICA Suspension

The Colloidal Silica suspension is composed of a slow crystallizing formula, which is recommended for the final stage of polishing for ceramics, composites, and non-ferrous materials. The recommended polishing cloths are Black Star, Imperial, Final Finish I and Final Finish II. PRODUCT NUMBER MICRON UNIT METRIC

5904S- 32 0.05 32 oz. 0.95 l. 5904S- 64 0.05 64 oz. 1.90 l. 5904S-128 0.05 1 gal. 3.80 l. 5904S-640 0.05 5 gal. 19.00 l.

Temperature controlled substance.

36


NOTES:

STARDUST © COLLOIDAL SILICA Suspension

STARDUST is non-crystallizing suspension. It is recommended for the final stage of polishing for ceramics, composites, and non-ferrous materials. The recommended polishing cloths are Black Star, Imperial, Final Finish I and Final Finish II. PRODUCT NUMBER MICRON UNIT METRIC

FACW- 16 0.02 16 oz. 0.47 l. FACW- 32 0.02 32 oz. 0.95 l. FACW-128 0.02 128 oz. 3.80 l. FACW -640 0.02 5 gal. 19.00 l.


COLLOIDAL ALUMINA Suspension

The mixture of colloidal silica and high purity Alumina suspension is recommended for the final polishing of non-ferrous and ferrous materials. The recommended polishing cloths are Black Star, Imperial, Final Finish I and Final Finish II. PRODUCT NUMBER MICRON UNIT METRIC

5905S- 16 0.05 16 oz. 0.47 l. 5905S- 32 0.05 32 oz. 0.95 l. 5905S- 64 0.05 64 oz. 1.89 l. 5905S-128 0.05 1 gal. 3.80 l. 5905S -640 0.05 5 gal. 19.00 l.


37


ALUMINUM OXIDE Powder

Aluminum powder is an alternate method for coarse and fine grinding. The powder is dissolved in demineralized water.

PRODUCT NUMBER MICRON UNIT METRIC

5703- 1 3 1 lb. 0.45 kg. 5703- 5 3 5 lbs. 2.3 kg. 5703-25 3 25 lbs. 11.3 kg.

5703-OPTIC 3 25 lbs. 11.3 kg. 5705- 1 5 1 lb. 0.45 kg. 5705- 5 5 5 lbs. 2.3 kg. 5705-25 5 25 lbs. 11.3 kg. 5709- 1 9 1 lb. 0.45 kg. 5709- 5 9 5 lbs. 2.3 kg. 5709-25 9 25 lbs. 11.3 kg. 5713- 1 13 1 lb. 0.45 kg. 5713- 5 13 5 lbs. 2.3 kg. 5713-25 13 25 lbs. 11.3 kg. 5715- 1 15 1 lb. 0.45 kg. 5715- 5 15 5 lbs. 2.3 kg. 5715-25 15 25 lbs. 11.3 kg. 5718- 1 18 1 lb. 0.45 kg. 5718- 5 18 5 lbs. 2.3 kg. 5718-25 18 25 lbs. 11.3 kg. 5720- 1 20 1 lb. 0.45 kg. 5720- 5 20 5 lbs. 2.3 kg. 5720-25 20 25 lbs. 11.3 kg. 5723- 1 23 1 lb. 0.45 kg. 5723- 5 23 5 lbs. 2.3 kg. 5723-25 23 25 lbs. 11.3 kg. 5725- 1 25 1 lb. 0.45 kg. 5725- 5 25 5 lbs. 2.3 kg. 5725-25 25 25 lbs. 11.3 kg.

ALUMINUM OXIDE Powder

PRODUCT NUMBER GRIT UNIT METRIC

57240- 5 240 5 lbs. 2.3 kg. 57240-25 240 25 lbs. 11.3 kg. 57400- 5 400 5 lbs. 2.3 kg. 57400-25 400 25 lbs. 11.3 kg. 57600- 5 600 5 lbs. 2.3 kg. 57600-25 600 25 lbs. 11.3 kg.

38


NOTES:

SILICON CARBIDE Powder

Silicon carbide powder is also an alternate method for coarse grinding. The powder is dissolved in demineralized water.

PRODUCT NUMBER MICRON UNIT METRIC

58060- 1 60 1 lb. 0.45 kg. 58060- 5 60 5 lbs. 2.3 kg. 58060-25 60 25 lbs. 11.3 kg. 58120- 1 120 1 lb. 0.45 kg. 58120- 5 120 5 lbs. 2.3 kg. 58120-25 120 25 lbs. 11.3 kg. 58240- 1 240 1 lb. 0.45 kg. 58240- 5 240 5 lbs. 2.3 kg. 58240-25 240 25 lbs. 11.3 kg. 58320- 1 320 1 lb. 0.45 kg. 58320- 5 320 5 lbs. 2.3 kg. 58320-25 320 25 lbs. 11.3 kg. 58400- 1 400 1 lb. 0.45 kg. 58400- 5 400 5 lbs. 2.3 kg. 58400-25 400 25 lbs. 11.3 kg. 58600- 1 600 1 lb. 0.45 kg. 58600- 5 600 5 lbs. 2.3 kg. 58600-25 600 25 lbs. 11.3 kg. 58800- 1 800 1 lb. 0.45 kg. 58800- 5 800 5 lbs. 2.3 kg. 58800-25 800 25 lbs. 11.3 kg. 581000- 1 1000 1 lb. 0.45 kg. 581000- 5 1000 5 lbs. 2.3 kg. 581000-25 1000 25 lbs. 11.3 kg. 581200- 1 1200 1 lb. 0.45 kg. 581200- 5 1200 5 lbs. 2.3 kg. 581200-25 1200 25 lbs. 11.3 kg.

39


DIAMOND extenders

The diamond extender either with, water, oil or alcohol base can be applied by squirt or spray. The type of diamond extender to be used will depend on the material to be polished. The extenders maximize the cutting action of the diamond product and maintain an even dispersion of the diamond abrasive over the entire polishing cloth. An alcohol base extender is recommended for high stock removal rate, requiring a high cooling. A low viscosity extender is used for low cooling and low stock removal. Excessive volume of diamond extender during polishing can result in loss of diamond abrasive.

WATER Base RED

PRODUCT NUMBER UNIT METRIC 542- 16 16 oz. 0.47 l. 542- 32 32 oz. 0.95 l. 542-128 1 gal. 3.78 l. 542-640 5 gal. 19.00 l.

OIL Base CLEAR

PRODUCT NUMBER UNIT METRIC 543- 32 32 oz. 0.95 l. 543-128 1 gal. 3.78 l.

ALCOHOL Base BLUE

PRODUCT NUMBER UNIT METRIC 544S- 32 32 oz. 0.95 l. 544S- 64 64 oz. 1.89 l. 544S-128 1 gal. 3.78 l. 544S-640 5 gal. 19.00 l.

Hazardous products, extra handling and shipping fee

NOTES:

40


DIAMOND abrasives

Diamond is the hardest mineral to be used as a polishing medium. The structure of the diamond is cubic. There are two types of diamond particles: Monocrystalline and polycrystalline. They are available in the form of paste and suspension. The carrier vehicle can be water, alcohol and oil.

DIAMOND pastes Water soluble

MONOCRYSTALLINE

POLYCRYSTALLINE PRODUCT NUMBER MICRONS GRAMS PRODUCT NUMBER MICRON GRAMS

5.1-MW*- 5 0.1 5 5.1-PW*- 5 0.1 5 5.25-MW*- 5 0.25 5 5.25-PW*- 5 0.25 5 5.5-MW*- 5 0.5 5 5.5-PW*- 5 0.5 5 501-MW*- 5 1 5 501-PW*- 5 1 5 503-MW*- 5 3 5 503-PW*- 5 3 5 506-MW*- 5 6 5 506-PW*- 5 6 5 509-MW*- 5 9 5 509-PW*- 5 9 5 515-MW*- 5 15 5 515-PW*- 5 15 5

MONOCRYSTALLINE POLYCRYSTALLINE

PRODUCT NUMBER MICRONS GRAMS PRODUCT NUMBER MICRON GRAMS

5.1-MW*- 18 0.1 18 5.1-PW*- 18 0.1 18 5.25-MW*- 18 0.25 18 5.25-PW*- 18 0.25 18 5.5-MW*- 18 0.5 18 5.5-PW*- 18 0.5 18 501-MW*- 18 1 18 501-PW*- 18 1 18 503-MW*- 18 3 18 503-PW*- 18 3 18 506-MW*- 18 6 18 506-PW*- 18 6 18 509-MW*- 18 9 18 509-PW*- 18 9 18 515-MW*- 18 15 18 515-PW*- 18 15 18

DIAMOND pastes Oil soluble

MONOCRYSTALLINE

POLYCRYSTALLINE PRODUCT NUMBER MICRONS GRAMS PRODUCT NUMBER MICRON GRAMS

501-MO*- 25 1 25 501-PO*- 25 1 25 503-MO*- 25 3 25 503-PO*- 25 3 25 506-MO*- 25 6 25 506-PO*- 25 6 25 509-MO*- 25 9 25 509-PO*- 25 9 25 515-MO*- 25 15 25 515-PO*- 25 15 25

NOTE : When ordering replace the "*" in product number by "M" for medium, "S" for standard, "H" for heavy diamond concentration.

41


DIAMOND suspensions

Polycrystalline and monocrystalline diamond suspensions are used to remove the material while minimizing shallow scratch depth. Polycrystalline diamonds are blockier in shape providing a large number of cutting edges. Monocrystalline diamonds have less diamond facets and are designed for all-purpose polishing.

DIAMOND suspensions Water soluble

MONOCRYSTALLINE

POLYCRYSTALLINE PRODUCT NUMBER MICRONS UNIT PRODUCT NUMBER MICRON UNIT

5.5-MDS- 8 0.5

8 oz. 5.5-PDS- 8 0.5

8 oz. 5.5-MDS- 16 16 oz. 5.5-PDS- 16 16 oz. 5.5-MDS-128 128 oz. 5.5-PDS-128 128 oz. 501-MDS- 8

1 8 oz. 501-PDS- 8

1 8 oz.

501-MDS- 16 16 oz. 501-PDS- 16 16 oz. 501-MDS-128 128 oz. 501-PDS-128 128 oz. 503-MDS- 8

3 8 oz. 503-PDS- 8

3 8 oz.


6 8 oz. 506-PDS- 8

6 8 oz.


9 8 oz. 509-PDS- 8

9 8 oz.


15 8 oz. 515-PDS- 8

15 8 oz.

515-MDS- 16 16 oz. 515-PDS- 16 16 oz. 515-MDS-128 128 oz. 515-PDS-128 128 oz.

530-MDS- 8 30

8 oz. 530-PDS- 8 30

8 oz. 530-MDS- 16 16 oz. 530-PDS- 16 16 oz. 530-MDS-128 128 oz. 530-PDS-128 128 oz. 545-MDS- 8

45 8 oz. 545-PDS- 8

45 8 oz.

545-MDS- 16 16 oz. 545-PDS- 16 16 oz. 545-MDS-128 128 oz. 545-PDS-128 128 oz.

42


NOTES:

DIAMOND suspensions

DIAMOND suspensions Alcohol base

MONOCRYSTALLINE

POLYCRYSTALLINE PRODUCT NUMBER MICRONS UNIT PRODUCT NUMBER MICRONS UNIT

5.5-MAS- 8 0.5

8 oz. 5.5-PAS- 8 0.5

8 oz. 5.5-MAS- 16 16 oz. 5.5-PAS- 16 16 oz. 5.5-MAS-128 128 oz. 5.5-PAS-128 128 oz. 501-MAS- 8

1 8 oz. 501-PAS- 8

1 8 oz.

501-MAS- 16 16 oz. 501-PAS- 16 16 oz. 501-MAS-128 128 oz. 501-PAS-128 128 oz. 503-MAS- 8

3 8 oz. 503-PAS- 8

3 8 oz.


6 8 oz. 506-PAS- 8

6 8 oz.


9 8 oz. 509-PAS- 8

9 8 oz.


15 8 oz. 515-PAS- 8

15 8 oz.

515-MAS- 16 16 oz. 515-PAS- 16 16 oz. 515-MAS-128 128 oz. 515-PAS-128 128 oz.

43


DIAMOND suspensions Water soluble HEAVY CONCENTRATION POLYCRYSTALLINE PRODUCT

UNIT

PRODUCT NUMBER MICRON UNIT 5.5-HDS- 8

0.5 8 oz.

5.5-HDS- 16 16 oz. 5.5-HDS-128 128 oz. 501-HDS- 8

1 8 oz.

501-HDS- 16 16 oz. 501-HDS-128 128 oz. 503-HDS- 8

3 8 oz.

503-HDS- 16 16 oz. 503-HDS-128 128 oz. 506-HDS- 8

6 8 oz.

506-HDS- 16 16 oz. 506-HDS-128 128 oz. 509-HDS- 8

9 8 oz.

509-HDS- 16 16 oz. 509-HDS-128 128 oz. 515-HDS- 8

15 8 oz.

515-HDS- 16 16 oz. 515-HDS-128 128 oz.

DIAMOND suspensions Oil soluble

MONOCRYSTALLINE

POLYCRYSTALLINE

PRODUCT NUMBER MICRON UNIT PRODUCT NUMBER MICRON UNIT 5.5-MO*- 16 0.5 16 oz. 5.5-PO*- 16 0.5 16 oz. 501-MO*- 16 1 16 oz. 501-PO*- 16 1 16 oz. 503-MO*- 16 3 16 oz. 503-PO*- 16 3 16 oz. 506-MO*- 16 6 16 oz. 506-PO*- 16 6 16 oz. 509-MO*- 16 9 16 oz. 509-PO*- 16 9 16 oz. 515-MO*- 16 15 16 oz. 515-PO*- 16 15 16 oz. 530-MO*- 16 30 16 oz. 530-PO*- 16 30 16 oz. 545-MO*- 16 45 16 oz. 545-PO*- 16 45 16 oz.

NOTE : When ordering replace the "*" in product number by "M" for medium, "S" for standard, "H" for heavy diamond concentration.

44


Nylon ©

A synthetic napless cloth with a dense, controlled weave recommended for intermediate polishing for hard material. Produces and maintains flatness. . Available in plain back or PSA.

PLAIN BACK

PSA PRODUCT NUMBER

CLOTH DIM.

WHEEL SIZE UNIT PRODUCT

NUMBER CLOTH

DIM. WHEEL

SIZE UNIT

605-10 254 mm. 8 " 10 606- 2.87 73 mm. 2 7/8 " 25

605-12 305 mm. 10 " 10 606- 8 203 mm. 8 " 10

605-14 356 mm. 12 " 10 606-10 254 mm. 10 " 10

606-12 305 mm. 12 " 10

MAGNETIC PRODUCT NUMBER

CLOTH DIM.

WHEEL SIZE UNIT

606-M008 203 mm. 8 " 5

606-M010 254 mm. 10 " 5

606-M012 305 mm. 12 " 5

Polishing cloths

Rough polishing is considered to be one of the important stages in the entire metallographic preparation sequence. The type of cloth and abrasive selected is critical. It is important to keep relief between the different constituents in the sample to a minimum. The use of a napless cloth, such as nylon, cotton, silk, etc. will minimize the possibility of relief and take full advantage of the cutting edge of the abrasive. The type of cloth selected usually depends on the hardness of the material to polish. Napped cloths are usually used for final polishing. This type of cloth has long that are compressible. The softer phases will have a higher rate of removal than the harder phases. The polishing cloths are available in several diameters in plain back or pressure sensitive adhesive backings.

NOTE : Most of the polishing cloths offered in this catalogue are available in other diameters than those listed in the tables below. They are also available as rolls, strips or sheets. Contact the order desk for prices.

45


Alaska ©

A synthetic napless cloth with a dense, controlled weave recommended for intermediate polishing. Produces and maintains flatness. Available with PSA back.

PSA


CLOTH DIM.


NUMBER CLOTH

DIM. WHEEL

SIZE UNIT

609- 2 .87 73 mm. 2 7/8 " 25 609M- 8 203 mm. 8 " 5

609- 8 203 mm. 8 " 10 609M-10 254 mm. 10 " 5

609-10 254 mm. 10 " 10 609M-12 305 mm. 12 " 5

609-12 305 mm. 12 " 10

Silk ©

Silk is a napless cloth recommended for intermediate polishing. The weave pattern is more open than nylon. It is a very good at maintaining edge retention. It is available in plan back discs.

PLAIN BACK

PRODUCT NUMBER CLOTH DIM. WHEEL SIZE UNIT

608-10 254 mm. 8 " 10

608-12 305 mm. 10 " 10

608-14 356 mm. 12 " 10

Canvas ©

Canvas is a woven cloth that exhibits a loosely woven pattern with numerous free ends. It is recommended for intermediate polishing using Alumina 0xide or Silicon Carbide powders.

PLAIN BACK


610-10 254 mm. 8 " 10

610-12 305 mm. 10 " 10

610-14 356 mm. 12 " 10

46


Selvyt ©

A high quality imported cotton cloth of medium nap. It is recommended for intermediate polishing

PLAIN BACK


612-10 254 mm. 8 " 10

612-12 305 mm. 10 " 10

612-14 356 mm. 12 " 10

Cotlap ©

Cotton cloth with practically no nap. For use with diamond polishing compounds in the rough polishing stages. Can also be used with polishing Alumina.

PLAIN BACK


617-10 254 mm. 8 " 10

617-12 305 mm. 10 " 10

617-14 356 mm. 12 " 10

Velvet ©

A high nap synthetic cloth consisting of long, smooth vertical fibers. Recommended for final polishing of soft metals where its softness helps produce deformation free, scratch free surfaces. Good for suspension and skid polishing.

PLAIN BACK


618-10 254 mm. 8 " 10

618-12 305 mm. 10 " 10

618-14 356 mm. 12 " 10

47


Final Finish I ©

A soft synthetic long napped rayon cloth. It is recommended to be used in the final step of polishing with the Colloidal silica, Alumina suspension and Diamond products. It is available in plain back and PSA.

PLAIN BACK

PSA PRODUCT NUMBER

CLOTH DIM.


NUMBER CLOTH

DIM. WHEEL

SIZE UNIT

620-10 254 mm. 8 " 10 621- 2.87 73 mm. 2 7/8 " 10

620-12 305 mm. 10 " 10 621- 8 203 mm. 8 " 10

620-14 356 mm. 12 " 10 621-10 254 mm. 10 " 10

621-12 305 mm. 12 " 10


CLOTH DIM.

WHEEL SIZE UNIT

621-M008 203 mm. 8 " 5

621-M010 254 mm. 10 " 5

621-M012 305 mm. 12 " 5

Final Finish II ©

A soft synthetic medium napped rayon cloth in which fibers are bonded to woven cotton backing. It is recommended for use with Colloidal silica, Alumina suspensions and diamond products.

PSA


CLOTH DIM.

WHEEL SIZE UNIT

PRODUCT NUMBER

CLOTH DIM.

WHEEL SIZE UNIT

619-8 203 mm. 8 " 10 619M-8 203 mm. 8 " 5

619-10 254 mm. 10 " 10 619M-10 254 mm. 10 " 5

619-12 305 mm. 12 " 10 619M-12 305 mm. 12 " 5

48


Imperial ©

A 20-mil rayon flock electrostatically coated onto a 3 mil polyester film. A soft short napped cloth. Recommended for final polishing of most materials using Colloidal Silica and Alumina suspension and Diamond polishing compounds.

PSA


CLOTH DIM.

WHEEL SIZE UNIT

PRODUCT NUMBER

CLOTH DIM.

WHEEL SIZE UNIT

631- 2.87 73 mm. 2 7/8 " 25

631- 8 203 mm. 8 " 10 631-M008 203 mm. 8 " 5

631-10 254 mm. 10 " 10 631-M010 254 mm. 10 " 5

631-12 305 mm. 12 " 10 631-M012 305 mm. 12 " 5

Red Felt ©

A tightly woven 100 % virgin wool colorfast fabric. The pile is plucked rather than sheared. It stands up to repeated usage. It is recommended for intermediate polishing using Silicon carbide and Aluminum oxide powders.

PLAIN BACK

PSA PRODUCT NUMBER

CLOTH DIM.


NUMBER CLOTH

DIM. WHEEL

SIZE UNIT

650-10 254 mm. 8 " 10 651- 2.87 73 mm. 2 7/8 " 25

650-12 305 mm. 10 " 10 651- 8 203 mm. 8 " 10

650-14 356 mm. 12 " 10 651-10 254 mm. 10 " 10

651-12 305 mm. 12 " 10


CLOTH DIM.

WHEEL SIZE UNIT

651-M008 203 mm. 8 " 5

651-M010 254 mm. 10 " 5

651-M012 305 mm. 12 " 5

49



CLOTH DIM.

WHEEL SIZE UNIT

656-M008 203 mm. 8 " 5

656-M010 254 mm. 10 " 5

656-M012 305 mm. 12 " 5

Perforated Pellon ©

Hard non-woven perforated cloth. It is recommended for rough polishing of hard material. It maximizes removal rate while producing a uniform flat finish.

PSA


CLOTH DIM.

WHEEL SIZE

UNIT PRODUCT NUMBER

CLOTH DIM.

WHEEL SIZE

UNIT

659- 2.87 73 mm. 2 7/8 " 25 659-M008 203 mm. 8 " 5

659- 8 203 mm. 8 " 10 659-M010 254 mm. 10 " 5

659-10 254 mm. 10 " 10 659-M012 305 mm. 12 " 5

659-12 305 mm. 12 " 10

Billiard ©

The finest quality 21 oz., 100 % virgin wool fabric with uniform sheared pile, is recommended for rough polishing with Silicon carbide or Aluminum oxide powders

PLAIN BACK

PSA PRODUCT NUMBER

CLOTH DIM.

WHEEL SIZE

UNIT PRODUCT NUMBER

CLOTH DIM.

WHEEL SIZE

UNIT

655-10 254 mm. 8 " 10 656- 8 203 mm. 8 " 10

655-12 305 mm. 10 " 10 656-10 254 mm. 10 " 10

655-14 356 mm. 12 " 10 656-12 305 mm. 12 " 10

50


Jay ©

This cloth is made of chemo textile material. Has a high cutting rate when used with diamond products. It has an excellent edge and inclusion retentions.

PSA


CLOTH DIM.

WHEEL SIZE UNIT

PRODUCT NUMBER

CLOTH DIM.

WHEEL SIZE UNIT

667- 2.87 73 mm. 2 7/8 " 25 667-M008 203 mm. 8 " 5

667- 8 203 mm. 8 " 10 667-M010 254 mm. 10 " 5

667-10 254 mm. 10 " 10 667-M012 305 mm. 12 " 5

667-12 305 mm. 12 " 10

Victor ©

A very dense synthetic silk cloth with no nap. For use with diamond polishing abrasives in the intermediate and final stages. Good for polishing most materials.

PSA


CLOTH DIM.

WHEEL SIZE UNIT

PRODUCT NUMBER

CLOTH DIM.

WHEEL SIZE UNIT

662- 2.87 73 mm. 2 7/8 " 25 662-M008 203 mm. 8 " 5

662- 8 203 mm. 8 " 10 662-M010 254 mm. 10 " 5

662-10 254 mm. 10 " 10 662-M012 305 mm. 12 " 5

662-12 305 mm. 12 " 10

Technotron, MM414 © (White)

A natural silk cloth with practically no nap. For use with diamond polishing abrasives in the rough and intermediate stages. Good for polishing most materials. Excellent edge and inclusion retention. .

PSA


CLOTH DIM.


NUMBER CLOTH

DIM. WHEEL

SIZE UNIT

663- 8 203 mm. 8 " 5 663-M008 203 mm. 8 " 5

663-10 254 mm. 10 " 5 663-M010 254 mm. 10 " 5

663-12 305 mm. 12 " 5 663-M012 305 mm. 12 " 5

51


Technotron, MM431 © (Red)

A silk cloth with medium nap. For use with diamond polishing abrasives in the rough and intermediate stages. Good for polishing medium to soft materials. (M: Magnetic).

PSA


CLOTH DIM.

WHEEL SIZE UNIT

PRODUCT NUMBER

CLOTH DIM.

WHEEL SIZE UNIT

664- 8 203 mm. 8 " 5 664-M008 203 mm. 8 " 5

664-10 254 mm. 10 " 5 664-M010 254 mm. 10 " 5

664-12 305 mm. 12 " 5 664-M012 305 mm. 12 " 5

Technotron, MM421 © (Gold)

An acetate silk cloth with medium nap. It is recommended to be used with diamond abrasives for the intermediate and final steps. Good for polishing medium to soft materials

PSA


CLOTH DIM.


NUMBER CLOTH

DIM. WHEEL

SIZE UNIT

665- 8 203 mm. 8 " 5 665-M008 203 mm. 8 " 5

665-10 254 mm. 10 " 5 665-M010 254 mm. 10 " 5

665-12 305 mm. 12 " 5 665-M012 305 mm. 12 " 5

Black star ©

The cloth is a porous neoprene, non woven and no nap. The spongy structure of the cloth has a high degree of chemical resistance. It is ideal with colloidal silica and colloidal alumina suspensions. It provides excellent final polishing for all materials.

PSA


CLOTH DIM.

WHEEL SIZE UNIT

PRODUCT NUMBER

CLOTH DIM.

WHEEL SIZE UNIT

PCBS-008 203 mm. 8 " 10 PCBS-M008 203 mm. 8 " 5

PCBS-010 254 mm. 10 " 10 PCBS-M010 254 mm. 10 " 5

PCBS-012 305 mm. 12 " 10 PCBS-M012 305 mm. 12 " 5

52


NOTES :

Cameo discs © (Silver)

The pattern of the Cameo surface guarantees a continuous removal of material during the stages of grinding and polishing. It is recommended to use with diamond products (6 – 15 microns). It is ideal for materials that have a medium too hard in hardness.

PSA


490-200 200 mm. 8 " 1

480-250 250 mm. 10 " 1

490-300 300 mm. 12 " 1

Cameo discs © (Gold)

For use with diamond polishing abrasives in the rough and intermediate stages. Good for polishing soft and non-ferrous materials. The diamond suspension to be used is between 3 to 6 microns)

PSA


480-200 200 mm. 8 " 1

480-250 250 mm. 10 " 1

480-300 300 mm. 12 " 1

53


Pellon I

Made of textile material produced chemically. This sheet has a high sampling rate when used with abrasives. Excellent to minimize the physical / coating and prevent the posting of inclusions. (M: Magnetic).

PSA


CLOTH DIM.

WHEEL SIZE

UNIT PRODUCT NUMBER

CLOTH DIM.

WHEEL SIZE

UNIT

61-2.87 73 mm. 2 7/8 " 25 661-M008 203 mm. 8 " 5

661-8 203 mm. 8 " 10 661-M010 254 mm. 10 " 5

661-10 254 mm. 10 " 10 661-M012 305 mm. 12 " 5

661-12 305 mm. 12 " 10

Arctic ©

This cloth is made from a synthetic silk cloth that has no nap. . It is recommended to use with diamond products. It is ideal for materials that have a medium too hard in hardness.

PSA


CLOTH DIM.


NUMBER CLOTH

DIM. WHEEL

SIZE UNIT

669N- 2.87 73 mm. 2 7/8 " 10 669N-M008 203 mm. 8 " 5

669N- 8 203 mm. 8 " 10 669N-M010 254 mm. 10 " 5

669N-10 254 mm. 10 " 10 669N-M012 305 mm. 12 " 5

669N-12 305 mm. 12 " 10

54


F I E L D M E T A L L O G R A P H Y

Field metallography is a non destructive inspection technique that is helpful in determining the microstructural of the area of work. The procedure is done out in the field without removal of the sample. Field metallography begins with the very rough grinding of the selected area, usually with a 60 grit abrasive. Thick scale and rust must be removed over an area larger than the ultimate spot. Each area worked should be smaller than that worked in the previous step. This reduces the opportunity of dragging large particles across the prepared area. After rough grinding, there is a sequence of fine grinding steps. The use of an etchant after polishing is often required to bring out the relevant microstructure. Analysis and documentation are the final steps in field metallography. This can be achieved with either the Provil novo method or the cellulose acetate tape. The equipment used in field metallography is very diverse. For rough grinding, right angle grinders or portable belt sanders are popular. Fine grinding and polishing can be accomplished with variable speed drills or Dremel tools.

REPLICA Tape

Cellulose acetate is one of the products that are used to perform a replica of a structure.


290-1 Clear, 1 MIL, 1 inch x 25 feet roll. 1 290-5 Clear, 5 MIL, 1 inch x 25 feet roll. 1

REPLICA Gun & accessories

The Provil novo can be used to replicate surfaces with such precision that deviations are kept lower than 0.1 micron. Due to its excellent resilience Provil novo makes it possible to take impressions in difficult areas. PRODUCT NUMBER DESCRIPTION UNIT

280-GUN Dispensing Gun for Provil Novo Light C.D. 1

280-MIX Mixing Cannula Provil Novo Light C.D. 24 280-TIP Tips for dispensing Provil Novo Light 48

280-CART Provil Novo Light C.D. (100 ml). 1

280-Putty-R Two components compound Provil Putty Regular 900 ml.

280-Putty-S Two components compound Provil Putty Soft 900 ml.

55


ABRASIVE discs

Silicon Carbide

Diameter: 1.00 inch ( 25 mm ) PSA

PRODUCT NUMBER GRIT UNIT

441- 60 60 100

441-120 120 100

441-180 180 100

441-240 240 100

441-320 320 100

441-400 400 100

441-600 600 100

441-800 800 100

441-1200 1200 100

Diameter: 1.25 inch ( 32 mm ) PSA Diameter: 2.0 inch ( 51 mm ) PSA


443- 60 60 100 444- 60 60 100

443-120 120 100 444-120 120 100

443-180 180 100 444-180 180 100

443-240 240 100 444-240 240 100

443-320 320 100 444-320 320 100

443-400 400 100 444-400 400 100

443-600 600 100 444-600 600 100

443-800 800 100 444-800 800 100

443-1200 1200 100 444-1200 1200 100

PSA Disc holder

The disc holder is one of the tools that are used in sample preparation. It is used from rough grinding to final polishing.


441-0.125 1 inch diameter holder with 1/8 in. shaft. 1

441-0.25 1 inch diameter holder with 1/4 in. shaft. 1

441-2 2 inch diameter holder with 1/4 in. shaft. 1

56


POLISHING cloths

For final polishing.

Diameter: 1.00 inch ( 25 mm ) PSA

PRODUCT NUMBER TYPE UNIT

606-1 Nylon 25

615-1 Kitten 25

621-1 Final Finish I 25

619-1 Final Finish II 25

631-1 Imperial 25

651-1 Red Felt 25

661-1 Pellon I 25

663-1 Technotron 10

Diameter: 1.25 inch ( 32 mm ) PSA Diameter: 2.0 inch ( 51 mm ) PSA

PRODUCT NUMBER TYPE UNIT PRODUCT NUMBER TYPE UNIT

606-32 Nylon 25 606-2 Nylon 25

615-32 Kitten 25 615-2 Kitten 25

621-32 Final Finish I 25 621-2 Final Finish I 25

619-32 Final Finish II 25 619-2 Final Finish II 25

631-32 Imperial 25 631-2 Imperial 25

651-32 Red Felt 25 651-2 Red Felt 25

661-32 Pellon I 25 661-2 Pellon I 25

663-32 Technotron 10 663-2 Technotron 10

NOTES :

57


INDENTERS Diamonds Balls

PRODUCT NUMBER DESCRIPTION SCALE

Diam-C Diamond. "C" Diam-A Diamond. "A"

900-Ball- 1/16 Ball Penetrator. 1/16" 900-Ball- 1/8 Ball Penetrator 1/8 " 900-Ball- 1/4 Ball Penetrator 1/4" 900-Ball- 1/2 Ball Penetrator. 1/2" Ball- 1/16 Balls. (6/set ) 1/16"

Ball- 1/8 Balls . (6/set) 1/8" Ball- 1/4 Balls. (6/set) 1/4" Ball- 1/2 Balls . (6/set) 1/2"

Specify if you would like a steel or carbide ball.

TEST Blocks

If a hardness tester is used continually, the instrument should be tested against a test block. This will give a good indication if the instrument is out of calibration or if the indenter has been damaged.

HRA90 HRA 89-92 HR15N-L HR15N Low

HRA80 HRA 79-82 HR15N-M HR15N Medium

HRA70 HRA 69-72 HR15N-H HR15N High

HRB92 HRB 90-95 HR30N-L HR30N Low

HRB85 HRB 85-90 HR30N-M HR30N Medium

HRB60 HRB 60-62 HR30N-H HR30N High

HRB50 HRB 40-59 HR15T-L HR15T Low

HRC60 HRC 60-65 HR15T-M HR15T Medium

HRC40 HRC 40-46 HR15T-H HR15T High

HRC30 HRC 30-40 HR30T-L HR30T Low

HRC20 HRC 20-30 HR30T-M HR30T Medium

HR30T-H HR30T High

H A R D N E S S A C C E S S O R I E S

Hardness testing is a valuable and widely used mechanical test for evaluating properties of a metal. O One of the purposes of hardness testing is to determine the suitability of the material. The hardness of a metal is considered the resistance to permanent indentation. The indenter is pressed onto the surface of the metal to be tested under a specific weight load for a definite time interval. The measurement is made by the size or the depth of the indentation.

58


NOTES

MICRO HARDNESS TEST Blocks

PRODUCT NUMBER SCALE PRODUCT NUMBER SCALE

100HV Vickers 100HK Knoop








59

TROUBLESHOOTING

SECTIONING

COMPRESSION MOUNTING

PROBLEM PROBABLE CAUSES POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS

Frequent wheel breakage.

• Chisel effect. • Loose specimen clamping. • Excessive initial force applied. • Missing blotters.

• Insure coolant is flowing evenly on both sides. • Rigidly clamp specimen. • Reduce applied cutting pressure. • Insert blotters. • Clean flange of surface corrosion.

Short wheel life. • Wheel wearing down too fast.

• Select harder wheel. • Reduce applied cutting pressure.

Wheel not cutting.

• Slow wheel breakdown. • Reduce coolant rate. • Choose harder or softer wheel. • Use swaying stroke.

Burning of sample.

• Incorrect cutting fluid. • Improper Cut off wheel. • Excessive initial force applied.

• Increase coolant rate. • Reduce applied cutting pressure. • Select softer wheel.

Curved cut. • Excessive force applied.

• Reduce applied cutting pressure.

Non uniform wheel wear. • Flow of coolant not uniform.

• Clean hoses from cutting debris.

Motor stalling. • Sample cut is too large. • Decrease sample size.

Excessive blade wobble

• Excessive initial force applied. • Missing blotters.

• Reduce applied cutting pressure. • Insert blotters.

Burr formation

• Excessive vibration. • Excessive initial force applied. • Missing blotters.

• Reduce applied cutting pressure. • Insert blotters.


Shrinkage. • Poor adhesion to sample surface. • Decrease molding temperature. • Cool mount before ejecting sample.

Mold cracking.

• Powders absorbed moisture. • Entrapped gases during molding. • Sample too large for mold area. • Samples have sharp corners. • High internal stress due to rapid

cooling. • Not enough mounting power added.

• Preheat powders. • Release pressure for a moment during flow

stage. • Reduce size of specimen. • Clearance between sample and mold should

be approx. 1/8". Reduce specimen size. • Allow mounts to cool more slowly.

Top die damaged. • Not enough mounting power added. • Add sufficient mounting powder.

60

TROUBLESHOOTING

COMPRESSION MOUNTING

AMBIENT (CASTABLE) MOUNTING


Mold blistering. • Not enough applied pressure. • Curing time is insufficient.

• Increase pressure. • Increase curing time.

Mounts sticking to mold cylinder. • Mold temperature too high. • Reduce molding temperature. • Apply releasing agent.

Staining and dull surfaces. • Mold temperature too high. • Reduce molding temperature.

Color of dye in the mount bleeds while rinsing in alcohol.

• Molding temperature is too low. • Insufficient curing time.

• Verify temperature. Adjust if necessary. • Increase curing time.

Unfused mount. • Molding temperature too low. • Insufficient curing time.

• Vary pressure applied. Adjust if necessary. • Lengthen curing time.

Cotton ball effect. • Mounting temperature did not reach

maximum temperature. • Curing time is not sufficient.

• Verify temperature. Adjust if necessary. • Increase curing time.


Air entrapment. • Agitation of blend between resin and

hardener is too rapid. • Improper degassing of specimen.

• Gently blend the resin and hardener. Alternative is to use pressure vessel or vacuum system.

Mold cracking.

• The proportion of resin and hardener is incorrect.

• Insuffisant air cure. • Oven curing temperature is too high.

• The reaction between the resin and hardener is too exothermic.

• Measure accurate proportions of resin and hardener.

Mounts are soft.

• Incorrect proportion of resin and hardener was used. • Poor mix between resin and

hardener.

• Increase hardener proportion to resin ratio. • Homogenize more thoroughly the mixture of

resin and hardener.

Mounts sticking to mold. • Mold temperature is too high. • Apply mold release.

Staining and dull surfaces. • Incorrect proportion of resin and

hardener. • Oxidized hardener.


• Seal hardener container.

Top of mounts sticky.

• Incorrect proportion of resin and hardener.

• Poor mix between resin and hardener.


• Homogenize more thoroughly the mixture of resin and hardener.

61

TROUBLESHOOTING

AMBIENT (CASTABLE) MOUNTING

GRINDING AND POLISHING


Poor adhesion between resin and specimen.

• Not using the appropriate medium for mounting specimen.

• Samples were not cleaned prior to mounting sample

• Mounting shrinkage.

• Clean samples thoroughly before mounting sample.

• Use mounting medium that has good adhesion and no shrinkage.

Time for polymerization is too long.

• Incorrect proportion of resin and hardener.

• Exothermic temperature is too low.


• Homogenize more thoroughly the mixture of resin and hardener.


Scratches.

• Sharp abrasive particles released from the material being used to grind or polish.

• Contamination of the previous steps in grinding or polishing.

• Repeat step until all scratch lines are uniform. • Increase the preparation time for the current

step. (Not the pressure) • Verify the cutting edge of the abrasive being

used is effective. If necessary change. • Change polishing cloth. Use a more thorough

technique in cleaning between steps. • Clean samples thoroughly in between each

step.

Smearing/Buffing.

• Surface of specimen not being cut. • pH of alumina suspension is too

high.

• Increase quantity of applied lubricant. • Use a less napped cloth. • Use a coarser grain particle. • Decrease the pH of alumina suspension.

Staining. • pH of alumina suspension is alkaline • Neutralize pH of alumina suspension.

Pull outs.

• Insufficient steps between grain sizes.

• Type of polishing cloth used. • Polishing time is too long or to short. • Excessive use of lubricant.

• Increase grain size steps. • Use a nap less polishing cloth. • Decrease the polishing time. • Possibly depending on the application, may

have to increase the polishing time. • Reduce quantity of lubricant used. • Moisten cloth with lubricant prior to applying

diamond abrasive.

Rounding of the edges.

• Samples were not mounted. • Incorrect mounting medium was

used. • Polishing times were too long. • Excess pressure applied to

specimen. • Type of polishing cloth used.

• Mount the samples. • Use mounting medium that has good

adhesion. • Keep polishing time to minimum. • Use shorter and tighter weaved polishing cloth.

Polishing relief

• Too much speed. • Mixing different hardness of

materials while polishing.

• Reduce speed. • Use a lower fiber napped cloth

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TROUBLESHOOTING GRINDING AND POLISHING


Cracks.

• From cutting the specimen. • Clamping of the sample. • Wrong mounting medium used. • Shrinkage.

• Use appropriate cut-off wheel. • Use protective layer between sample

and clamp from cut-off equipment. • Use cold mounting system with the

aid of a vacuum system or pressure vessel.

• Use mounting medium that has the least shrinkage properties.

Porosity.

• Worn out abrasive. • Type of polishing cloth used. • Type of mounting medium.

• Change abrasive discs more often. Alternative, use diamond discs.

• Use a shorter nap polishing cloth. • With cold resin, use vacuum or

pressure vessel systems.

Embedded abrasives.

• Excess pressure applied to specimen. • Type of polishing cloth used. • Excessive use of polishing abrasive. • Lubricant has low viscosity.

• Reduce pressure applied to specimen.

• Use a shorter nap cloth. • Decrease the amount of polishing

Grinding, especially for soft metals. • Use a higher viscosity lubricant.

Comet tails.

• Too much pressure. • Too much speed. • Over polishing on worn grinding cloths. • Use of same orientation during all polishing steps.

• Reduce pressure applied. • Reduce speed. • Change grinding cloth more

frequently. • Change orientation of the sample for

every step.

Scratch lines are long and dull.

• Sharp abrasive particles from the material being used to grind or polish.

• Contamination of the previous steps in grinding or polishing.

• Repeat step until all scratch lines are uniform.

• Increase the preparation time for the current step. (Not the pressure).

• Verify the cutting edge of the abrasive being used is effective.

• Change polishing cloth. Use a more thorough cleaning technique between steps.

• Clean samples thoroughly in between each step.

Machine Vibration

• Too much pressure. • Speed is too low.

• Reduce pressure applied. • Increase grinding speed.

Gaps

• Mounting does not adhere to the specimen. • Clean sample. • Select resin with little or no

shrinkage.

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CONVERSION TABLES

GRAIN SIZE COMPARISON CHART CAMI USA

FEPA EUROPEAN (P-GRADE)

AVERAGE PARTICLE SIZE

IN MICRONS

CAMI USA

FEPA EUROPEAN (P-GRADE)

AVERAGE PARTICLE SIZE

IN MICRONS *1200 P4000 5 * * 50 800 P2400 10 * P280 52.5 * P1200 15.3 240 * 53.5

600 * 16 * * 55 * P1000 18.3 * P240 58.5

500 * 19.7 * * 60 * * 20 * P220 65 * P800 21.8 220 * 66

400 * 23.6 180 P180 78 * * 25 150 * 93 * P600 25.75 * P150 97

360 * 28.8 120 * 116 * * 30 * P120 127 * P500 30.2 100 * 141 * P400 35 * P100 156

320 * 36 80 * 192 * * 40 * P80 197 * P360 40.5 * P60 260

280 * 44 60 * 268 * * 45 * P50 326 * P320 46.2 50 * 351

VOLUME

FROM / TO U.S. FLUID OZ. U.S. PINT

U.S. QUART

LITER

MILLILITER

U.S. FLUID OZ. x 1 x 0.0625 x 0.031251 x 0.0296 x 296

U.S. PINT x 16 x 1 x 0.5 x 0.4732 x 473.2 U.S. QUART x 32 x 2 x 1 x 0.9463 x 946.3

LITER x 33.815 x 2.1134 x 1.0567 x 1 x 1000 MILLILITER x 0.0338 x 0.00211 x 0.00106 x 0.001 x 1

GENERAL CONVERSIONS 1 inch = 25.4 mm = 2.54 cm 1oz. = 28 grs.

1 mm = 0.01 cm = 0.039 inch 1 g = 0.035 oz. 1 lb. = 0.45 kg = 454 grs. 1 oz. = 29.6 ml. 1 kg = 1000 grs. = 2.2 lbs. 1N = 0.22480894 lb.

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METALLOGRAPHIC PREPARATION - Anamet

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