MEAs 3rd draft.Proceedingsdoc - UNITAR

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PROCEEDINGS

Of the Regional Workshop for the Integrated Implementation of the Basel, Stockholm and Rotterdam Conventions

Pretoria, South Africa

17-19 September 2003 Hosted by the Government of South Africa, Basel Convention Regional Centre with

the financial assistance of the Secretariat of the Basel Convention

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CONTENTS PAGE List of participants 4 Abbreviations 17 Introduction 19 Agenda and timetable 21 PART 1- PRACTICAL SESSIONS Plenary I – The integrated management of chemicals and wastes Introduction and presentation by Sibusiso Gamede 23 The integrated implementation of the Basel, Rotterdam and Stockholm Conventions: the Swiss experience, by Gabriela Low 36 Analysis of advance questionnaires submitted by workshop participants, by Andreas Arlt 43 Plenary II – A brief introduction to the Conventions A brief introduction to the Bamako Convention, by Foday Bojang 59 A brief introduction to the Basel Convention, by Vincent Jugault 62 A brief introduction to the Stockholm Convention, by Fatou Ouane 71 A brief introduction to the Rotterdam Convention, by Sheila Logan 100 Plenary III – The life-cycle approach in practice African stockpiles, by Mark Davis 105 Guidance for the Working Groups 121 Outcomes of Working Group discussions 123

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Plenary IV – The life-cycle approach in practice PCBs, by Nelson Manda 128 The coordinated implementation of the Conventions, by Vincent Jugault, Sheila Logan and Fatou Ouane 130 Plenary V National experiences of several participants 146 Plenary VI Report from the working groups on the second session 167 Plenary VII Assessment of the workshop and next steps, by Jan Goede 175 Plenary VIII Discussion of the final workshop report 183 PART II – OPENING SESSION Welcome address by Gabriela Low 186 Welcome and introduction to the workshop by Michael Williams 188 Welcome address, by Thembisile Kumalo 189

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LIST OF PARTICIPANTS BOTSWANA Mr Enoch Naane Department of Sanitation and Waste Management Private Bag B.O. 323 Gaborone Tel: + 267 3911802 Fax: + 267 390 99 53 E-mail: [email protected] Ms. Rebecca Kgosi Plant Protection Division of Ministry of Agriculture P/Bag 0091 Gaborone Tel: + 267 3928745/6 Fax: + 267 3928768 Email: [email protected] Mr. Tuelo Nkwane National Conservation Strategy Coordinative Agency P/BAG 0068 Gaborone Tel: + 267 390 2050 Fax: + 267 390 2051 Email: [email protected] ETHIOPIA Mr. Mengisteab W. Aregay Head, Drug Control & Abuse Prevention Department Drug Administration & Control Authority Addis Ababa Tel: + 251 1 524118 Fax: + 251 1 521392 Email: [email protected] Mr. Fikre Markos Department of Agriculture Ministry of Rural Development P.O Box 27435/1000 Addis Ababa Tel: + 251 1 557811 Fax. + 251 1 552030 Email: [email protected]

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Mr. Meskir Tesfaye Pollution Control Department Environmental Protection Authority P.O. Box 12760 Addis Ababa Tel: + 251 1 464877 Fax: + 251 1 464876 Email: [email protected],et KENYA Mr. Fredrick Njiru Muchiri Senior Inspector Pest Control Products Board P.O. Box 13794, 00800 Nairobi Tel: +254 020 4446115 Fax :+254 020 4449072 Email: [email protected] [email protected] Mr. Muitungu Mwai National Environment Management Authority Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources & Wild Life P.O. Box 67839 Nairobi Tel: + 254 2 609694 Fax: + 254 2 3760461 Email: [email protected] Mr. Francis Kihumba Njuguna Coordinator NEMA - Kenya POPs Project Office P.O. Box 67839 Nairobi Tel: + 254 2 3760461 Fax : +254 2 3760461 Email: [email protected]; [email protected] LESOTHO Mr. Lira Molapo Senior Environment Officer National Environment Secretariat P.O. Box 10993

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Maseru Tel: +266 311767 Fax: + 266 22 311139/321505 Email: [email protected] Ms. Makhiba Tjela National Environment Secretariat P.O. Box 10993 Maseru Tel: +266 22 320406 Fax: +266 22 31139 Email: [email protected] Ms. Maloela Peete Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security P.O. Box 7260 Maseru Tel: +266 22 324827 Fax: +266 22 310517 Email: MALAWI Mr. Evans Kapeya Pesticides Control Board P.O. Box 51300 Limbe Tel: + 265 1 471 312 Fax: + 265 1 471 312 Email: [email protected] Mr. Hlale Kelvin Nyangulu Occupational Safety & Health P/Bag 344 Lilongwe 3 Tel: + 265 1 773 277 Fax: + 265 1 77 3805 Email: [email protected] MAURITIUS Mr. Ramchurn Seenauth Department of Environment Ministry of Environment Barracks Street Port Louis

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Tel:+ 230 2123363 Fax:+230 2119086/2126671 Email. [email protected] Ms. G. Makoondlall Solid Waste Management Unit Principal Assistant Secretary Ministry of Local Government & Rodriques Emanuel Augeutil Building, Intendance Street Port Louis Tel: + 230 2011219 Fax: +230 2013381 Email: [email protected] Dr. Sheela S. Stvasubramania Ministry of Health and Quality of Life Atchia Building, Cnr Suffren & MgrGronin Street Port Louis Tel: + 230 2112847 / 210 6649 Fax: +230 211 9928 Email: [email protected] MOZAMBIQUE Mr. José Varimelo Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development P.O. Box 3658 Maputo Tel: + 258 1 460591/460195 Fax: + 258 1 460591/460195 Email: [email protected] Mr. Háfido Abacassamo Ministry for Co-ordination of Environment Affairs P.O. Box 2020 Maputo Tel: + 258 1 466245 Fax: + 258 1 466262 Email: [email protected] NAMIBIA Mr Desmond Tshikesho Ministry of Agriculture Water & Rural Development P/BAG 13184 Windhoek Tel: + 264 61 2087477

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Fax: +264 61 2087786 [email protected] Ms. Paulina Shiyelekeni Ministry of Agriculture Water & Rural Development P/BAG 13184 Windhoek Tel: + 264 61 2087463 Fax: +264 61 2087786 [email protected] ; [email protected] NIGERIA Mr. Ibrahim Barau Danbatta Federal Ministry of Environment Maitama District Abuja Tel: +234 9 413 13 94 Fax: +234 9 413 13 94/, Tel/Fax +234 9524119 94136317 Email:[email protected] Ms. Iniobong. Abiola-Awe Senior Environmental Scientist Federal Ministry of Environment Games Village, Suruiere Lagos Tel: 231 1 5851570 Fax: + 231 1 5851517 Email: [email protected] Ms. Modupe Agunbiade Chief Environment Scientist Federal Ministry of Environment Aguyi Ironsi Way Abuja Tel/Fax +234 9524119/94136317) Tel: +234 9 4131394 Fax: + 234 9 4135971/5234014 Email: [email protected] NIGERIA Prof. O.A. Afolabi Director Pollution Control & Environment Health Federal Ministry of Environment Plot 444, Aguiyi Ironsi Street

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Maitama District Abuja Tel: +234 9 413 63 17 Fax: +234 9 523 40 14/523 41 19 Email: [email protected] Dr. O. O. Dada Assistant Director Environment Health Federal Ministry of Environment Plot 444, Aguiyi Ironsi Street Maitama District Abuja Tel: +234 9 413 63 17 Fax: +234 9 523 40 14/523 41 19 Email: [email protected] SEYCHELLES Ms. Hilda Miriam Bertin Project Officer Pollution Prevention and Control Section Ministry of Environment Mt Fleur, Mahe Tel: + 248 224644 Fax: Email: [email protected] Mr Mervin Harriba Ministry of Environment (SWAC) Victoria, Mahe, Seychelles Tel: + 248 225114 Fax: + 248 225114 Email: [email protected] Dr. Patrick Herminie Ministry of Health Mont Fleur, Mahe, Seyechelles Tel: + 248 388000 Fax: + 248 224792 Email: SENEGAL Mr. Doucoure Djibril IAGU/BCRC

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Liberte VI Extention no5 BP 7263 Dakar Tel:+ 221 827 2200 Fax:+ 221 827 2813 Email: [email protected]/[email protected] SOUTH AFRICA Ms. Zini Manana Department of Environmental Affairs Private Bag X-447 Pretoria Tel: + 27 12 310 3668 Fax: + 2712 320 0024 Email: [email protected] Mr. Thembisile Kumalo Department Environmental Affairs & Tourism P/Bag X-447 Pretoria Tel: + 27 12 310 3567 Fax: +27 12 320 0024 Email: [email protected] Ms Qaphile Gcwensa Department of Health Pretoria Tel: + 27 12 310 3567 Fax: +27 12 320 0024 SWAZILAND Ms. Tilly Zondi Environmental Analyst Ministry Tourism Environment and Communications P.O. Box 2652 Mbabane Tel: + 404 6420 Fax: + 404 1719/6438 Email: [email protected] [email protected] Mr. Ronald Dlamini Senior Environmental Health Officer Ministry of Health & Social Welfare

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P.O. Box 5 Mbabane Tel: + 268 4042431 Fax: +268 4041719 Email: [email protected] Mr. Morrison Mbuli Plant Protection Officer Ministry of Agriculture & Cooperatives P.O. Box 501 Manzini Tel: + 268 5052051 Fax: + 268 5052775 Email: [email protected] TANZANIA Mr. Jonathan Akhabuhaya Tropical Pesticides Research Institute P.O. Box 3024 Arusha Tel: + 255 27 250 5871 Fax: + 255 27 250 58 71 [email protected] Mr. I Mangilili Senior Environmental Officer Division of Environment, Vice President’s Office P. O Box 5380 Dar es salaam Tel: + 225 22 211 3983 Fax: + 225 51 212 5297 / 211 3856 / 211 3082 [email protected] [email protected]; [email protected] Mr. E.J. Mwasubila Senior Environmental Engineer Division of Environment, Vice President’s Office P. O Box 5380 Dar es salaam Tel: + 225 22 2113983 / 211 8416 Fax: + 225 22 212 5297 / 211 3856 [email protected] [email protected]

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UGANDA Mr. Robert Wabunoha Senior Legal Counsel National Environment Management Authority P:O. Box 22255 Kampala Tel: + 256 41 251064 Fax: + 256 41 247521 Email: [email protected] Mr. Andrew Othieno Senior Environment Inspector National Environment Management Authority P:O. Box 22255 Kampala Tel: + 256 41 251064/5/8 Fax: + 256 41 247521 Email: [email protected] Mr. Michael Odong Principal Agricultural Inspector of Pesticides Ministry of Agricultural Inspector of Pesticides P.O. Box 102 Entebbe Tel: +256 41 320115/077 592265 Fax: +256 41 320642 Email: [email protected] ZAMBIA Mr. Joseph Sakala Acting Principal Inspector Environmental Council of Zambia P.O. Box 71302 Ndola Tel: +260 2 621048 / 612036 Fax: + 260 2 621048 Email: [email protected] ; [email protected]

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Mr. Cliff Ngwata Acting Chief Inspector-Pollution Control Environmental Council of Zambia P.O. Box 35131 Lusaka Tel: + 260 1 254 130/1 Fax: + 260 1 254 164 Email: [email protected] Mr. Nelson Manda Environmental Council of Zambia, P.O. Box 35131 Lusaka Tel: + 260 1 254 023 / 59 Fax: +260 1 254 164 E-Mail: [email protected] ZIMBABWE Mr. Alexander Mangwiro Ministry of Health; Hazardous Substances Department P.O. Box CY1122 Harare Tel: +263 4 793095 Fax: +263 4 793095 Email: [email protected] Dr. Cames Mguni Plant Protection Research Institute P.O. Box CY 550 Harare Tel: + 263 4 704531 / 700339 Fax: + 263 4 73 7193 / 700339 Email: [email protected] ; [email protected] Mrs. Jocylyn Kututwa Ministry of Environment & Tourism Department of Natural Resources P.O. Box 385 Causeway Harare Tel: +263 4 705661-4 Fax: +263 4 793123 Email: [email protected]; [email protected]

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BASEL CONVENTION REGIONAL CENTRE Dr John Mbogoma Basel Convention Regional Centre Tel: +27 12 352 4108 Fax: +27 12 320 5759 Email: [email protected] CONFERENCE SECRETARIAT Mrs Annelize Jooste – [email protected] Mrs Christinah Hutton – [email protected] Ms Nomphelo Daniel – [email protected] Mrs Lene Ecroignard – EXPERTS & OBSERVERS Mr Vincent Jugault Programme Officer Secretariat of the Basel Convention Tel: (+41) 22 917 8221 Fax: (+41) 22 797 3454 Email: [email protected] ; [email protected] Ms Sheila Logan Scientific Affairs Officer Rotterdam Convention UNEP Chemicals Tel: (+41) 22 917 8511 Fax: (+41) 22 797 3460 Email: [email protected] Ms Fatou Ouane Stockholm Convention UNEP Chemicals Tel: 09 41 22 917 8296 Fax: 09 41 22 797 3460 Email: Ms Gabriella Löw Swiss Agency for the Environment, Forests and Landscape Tel: Fax: Email:

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Mr Andreas Arlt Associate Expert UNEP Chemicals / Interim Secretariat of the Stockholm Convention Tel: (+41) 22 917 8667 Fax: (+41) 22 797 3460 Email: [email protected] ; [email protected] Mr Michael Williams UNEP Chemicals & GEN Tel: Fax: Email: Mr Mark Davis African Stockpiles Programme (ASP) Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN Tel: 09 44 72 74 8895 Fax: 09 44 77 49 0841 Email: [email protected] Mr Foday Bojang Secretariat of the Bamako Convention Dr Anne-Marie de Buman Swiss Embassy Mr Sibusiso Gamede Boitumelong Environmental Consultants Tel: (+27) 11 786 7923 Email: [email protected] Mr J.F. Goede Principal Environmental Engineer Sasol SHE Centre Tel: (+27) 11 344 0145 Fax: (+27) 11 522 1298 Email: fred.goede@sasol. com Mr Henry Rene Diouf Pesticide Action Network (PAN) Africa Tel: (+221) 825 4914 Fax: (+221) 825 1443 Email: [email protected] [email protected]

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Mr Tutu United Nations Economic Commission for Africa Tel: Fax: Addis Ababa ETHIOPIA WORKSHOP RAPORTEURS Ms N Daniel (Pretoria BCRC) Ms L Ecroignard (Pretoria BCRC) Mr G F Molelekwa (Pretoria BCRC)

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ABBREVIATIONS BAT Best Available Technology BCRC Basel Convention Regional Centre CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species COP Conference of the Parties DGD Decision Guidance Document DNA Designated National Authority ESM Environmentally Sound Management FAO Food and Agriculture Organization GEF Global Environment Facility HCB Hexachlorobenzene ICRC International Chemical Review Committee IMS Integrated Management System IEG International Environmental Governance INC International Negotiation Committee LCM Life cycle management MEA Multilateral Environmental Agreement MOU Memorandum of Understanding NIP National Implementation Plan OAU Organization of African Union PAN Pesticides Action Network PCB Polychlorinated bi-phenyl PCT Polychlorinated triphenyl

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PIC Prior Informed Consent POPs Persistent Organic Pollutants SAEFL Swiss Agency for the Environment Forests and Landscape

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INTRODUCTION Background Basel Convention on the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes The Basel Convention is a global treaty that regulates and controls transboundary movement of hazardous wastes and their disposal. This convention was adopted on 22 May 1989 by 116 States in Basel, Switzerland and it came into force on 5 May 1992. The Convention has already set up a framework for controlling the transboundary movements of waste, based on prior written notification for each transaction. It has also developed criteria for environmentally sound management. Hazardous wastes pose a potential threat to human health and the environment, one of the guiding principles of the Basel convention is that, in order to minimise the threat, hazardous wastes should be dealt with as close as possible to the point of generation, in an environmentally sound manner. In the absence of technology to treat and dispose of the waste, then a transboundary movement can be considered. The exporting state should provide a written notification to the state of import and the transit. Further to this, there are outright bans on the export of these wastes to certain countries. Stockholm Convention on the Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) UNEP Governing Council Decision 19/13C, adopted in February 1997, called for international action to protect human health and the environment through measures to reduce and /or eliminate releases of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The decision called on UNEP to prepare for and convene an Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) to prepare a legally binding instrument on POPs. A series of Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee meetings were subsequently held, and Countries at a Conference of Plenipotentiaries held in Stockholm in May 2001 endorsed a draft treaty. This was the birth of the Stockholm Convention. Within the framework of the Stockholm Convention and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Governing Council decision 19/13C adopted in 1997 on international actions to reduce/eliminate releases of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), UNEP Chemicals has since been organizing regional and sub-regional workshops focusing on management and replacement of POPs Rotterdam Convention The Conference of the Plenipotentiaries which took place in Rotterdam, 10-11 September 1998, adopted the Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent (PIC) procedure for certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade. The final act of the Conference was signed by 73 Nations. The Convention was then opened for signature at the United Nations Headquarters in New York from 12 September 1998 to 10

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September 1999. The convention will enter into force when 50 instruments of ratification have been deposited. A resolution on interim arrangements was adopted at the Conference of Plenipotentiaries by which the voluntary PIC procedure was modified and aligned with the procedure established by the Convention. The interim PIC procedure will be in place until entry into force of the Convention. As a first among the multilateral environmental agreements, the Governments have agreed to continue to implement the voluntary PIC procedure using the new procedures of the Convention until the Convention formally enters into force and there is a clear indication of the importance Governments attach to this Convention. Scope of coverage by the three conventions Basel Convention covers hazardous wastes that are explosive, flammable, poisonous, infectious, corrosive, toxic or ecotoxic. The Basel Convention calls for controlled imports and exports; it entails a prior consent procedure. The Technical Working Group of the Convention is preparing guidelines on Environmentally Sound Management of POPs at the request of the Stockholm Convention. The Rotterdam Convention covers 22 pesticides and formulations of others, and five industrial chemicals. This Convention is evaluating and regulating new and existing chemicals. The Convention calls for control of imports and exports. The Stockholm Convention covers 9 pesticides, 3 industrial chemicals and bi-products. Most POPs are covered by all the three conventions. This Convention is evaluating and regulating new and existing chemicals. The Convention restricts imports and exports of the POPs substances. Imports and exports are only allowed for purposes of environmentally sound disposal or for an exempted use by the importing party. Also, the three conventions require that parties communicate hazard information to the secretariat, other parties and / or the public.

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AGENDA AND TIMETABLE Wednesday, 17 September 2003 8:30-9:30 Registration of participants OPENING Chair: Dr J Mbogoma 9:30-10:30 OPENING PLENARY

•International Affairs Division, Swiss Agency for the Environment, Forests and Landscape Ms G Low

•United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and Geneva Environment Network Mr M Williams •Representative of the Government of South Africa Ms T Kumalo

•Introduction of participants and expectations Dr J Mbogoma 10:30 – 11:00 Coffee Break 11:00-13:00 Plenary I

•The integrated management of chemicals and wastes : an Introduction, by Sibusiso Gamede, Boitumelong Environmental Consultants (South Africa) •The integrated implementation of the Basel, Rotterdam and Stockholm Conventions: the Swiss experience, by Gabriela Low, Swiss Agency for the Environment, Forests and Landscape

•Analysis of advance questionnaires submitted by workshop participants, by Andreas Arlt, UNEP Chemicals 13:00-14:30 Lunch 14:30-16:00 Plenary II

•A brief introduction to the Conventions, by Foday Bojang, Secretariat of the Bamako Convention,; Vincent Jugault, Secretariat of the Basel Convention; Sheila Logan, UNEP Chemicals and interim Secretariat of the Rotterdam Convention; and Fatou Ouane, UNEP Chemicals and interim secretariat of the Stockholm Convention 16:00-16:30 Coffee Break 16:30-17:30 Plenary III

•The life cycle approach in practice: Africa Stock Piles, by Mark Davis, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

•Guidance for the Working Groups

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17:30 Close Thursday, 18 September 8:30-11:30 Working Group discussions – first session 11:30-13:00 Plenary IV

•The life-cycle approach in practice, by Nelson Manda, Coordinator, UNEP/Basel Convention Regional PCB Project in SADC

•The coordinated implementation of the Conventions, by Vincent Jugault, Sheila Logan and Fatou Ouane 13:00-14:30 Lunch 14:30-16:15 Plenary V

•Reports from the Working Groups on their first session

•National experiences of several participants 16:15-16:30 Coffee Break 16:30-18:30 Working Group discussions – second session 18:30 Close Friday, 19 Septe mber 8:30-9:30 Working Group discussions – second session continued 9:30-10:30 Plenary VI

•Reports from the Working Groups on their second session 10:30-11:00 Coffee Break 11:00-12:30 Plenary VII

•Assessment of the workshop and next steps, moderated by J F Goede, Environmental Advisor, SASOL Ltd. 12:30-14:00 Lunch 14:00-14:45 Plenary VIII

•Discussion of final workshop report 14:45 Close

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INTEGRATED CHEMICALS AND WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS SIBUSISO GAMEDE

BOITUMELONG ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS INTRODUCTION

• Implementation of the Chemical/Waste MEA’s in Africa • Administrative measures • Legislative • Infrastructure • Institutions • Human capacity • Financial Resources • Technology

Gaps and Weaknesses

• Fragmented Ministerial Responsibilities • Different ministries or department entrusted with the function of managing

chemicals and wastes • Fragmentation is horizontally across ministries and vertical amongst different

levels of government • Ministries and departments have different mandates • Lack of coordination • Amongst different ministries and departments • Across different levels of government • E.g. import and export • Custom Excise • Department of Transport • Department of Environment • Department of Health etc. • Lack of information sharing • Discrepancies in information collected by diffe3rent departments • Lack of information exchange • No standardised mechanisms for information exchange amongst the relevant

bodies • Different formats used in information collection • Experts in different departments may be unknown to each other, thus reducing the

opportunity for networking and information sharing

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• Lack of human and financial resources • Skills and expertise • Institutional capacity • Infrastructure • Financial resources • Legal Challenges • Fragmented policy and legislative framework • Legislative measures are dispersed under numerous sectoral laws (e.g. agriculture,

transport, health, environment etc) • This makes implementation, enforcement and compliance difficult • Duplication of effort and inefficient use of resources • Inconsistencies in the interpretation, implementation and enforcement of the laws

Integrated Chemicals Management Systems

• Requires a shift in the national policy from reacting to environmental and health effects towards prevention of such effects at source

• Integrated management approach based on the life cycle management-LCM focuses on the management of environmental impacts of a product over its entire life- from cradle to grave.

Techniques of the Integrated Management System

• Policy and regulatory framework that promotes • Technical assistance and compliance monitoring • Minimisation, Reuse and recycling • Economic incentives and disincentives • Training • Innovation in product design and production • Environmental sound technologies

Techniques for an Integrated Management System

• Process changes • Cleaner production • Creating effective information systems • Life cycle analysis • Partnerships • Awareness raising • Changes in behaviour etc

Benefits of an IMS

• Minimise and/or avoid creation of toxic chemicals and wastes • Minimise and/or avoid the transfer of toxic pollutants from one medium to

another • Accelerate the reduction and/or the elimination of toxic chemicals and wastes • Minimise environmental and health risks

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• Promotes development of pollution prevention technologies • Minimise the need for costly enforcement • Limit future liability with greater certainty • Promote a more competitive economy

Requirements for the Implementation of the IMS

• Recognition of toxic chemicals and waste as a primary source of pollution • Integrated and phased approach dealing with minimisation (source control),

secondly with impact management and lastly with remediation • Training and capacity building of all sectors • Developing effective national information systems and information exchange

mechanisms • Strengthening national awareness raising and education and strengthening

national capacities • Developing and implementing policy and legislative frameworks that foster

integrated and comprehensive approach to chemicals and waste management and that addresses all stages of the product life cycle.

• Establishing an overall coordination mechanism for implementing the integrated system (e.g. interdepartmental Committee)

• Institutional strengthening and capacity building amongst concerned ministries and authorities in all environmental matters

• Harmonisation of chemicals and waste polices and legislative frameworks • Development of integrated national action plans

Role of International Convention Secretariats

• Promote synergies and cooperation in the implementation of the MEA’s • Enhancing the human and institutional capacities of African countries • Strengthening public and political support

Role of the International MEA’s Secretariats

• Fostering regional and sub regional cooperation • Building network of regional centres of excellence • Providing technical and financial assistance • Mobilizing international resources • Technology transfer

The international environmental regime Shortcomings of the present international environmental regime:

• Fragmentation of the regime • Proliferation of meetings • Lack of coherence • Inadequate implementation

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Aims of IEG-Process (International Environmental Governance) • To increase cooperation between processes • To promote synergies and linkages, including pilot project for a chemicals /waste

cluster • To encourage co-location of MEA secretariats; • To avoid proliferation of meetings

The three Chemical Conventions - Tasks and Goals Common concerns of the Basel, PIC and POPs Conventions

• Dealing with hazardous materials (products or wastes) • Seeking to protect human life and the environment • Aiming to reduce hazardous components in materials • Preventing unnecessary trade in toxic materials • Promoting international cooperation, partnership; and • Capacity-building

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Slide 1

INTGRATED CHEMICALS AND

WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

INTGRATED INTGRATED CHEMICALS AND CHEMICALS AND

WASTE MANAGEMENT WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMSSYSTEMSSIBUSISO GAMEDESIBUSISO GAMEDE

BOITUMELONG ENVIRONMENTAL BOITUMELONG ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTSCONSULTANTS

Slide 2

INTRODUCTION• Implementation of the Chemical/Waste

MEA’s in Africa– Administrative measures– Legislative– Infrastructure– Institutions– Human capacity– Financial Resources– Technology

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Slide 3

Gaps and Weaknesses• Fragmented Ministerial Responsibilities

– Different ministries or department entrusted with the function of managing chemicals and wastes

– Fragmentation is horizontally across ministries and vertical amongst different levels of government

– Ministries and departments have different mandates

Slide 4

Gaps and Weaknesses• Lack of coordination

– Amongst different ministries and departments– Across different levels of government– E.g. import and export

• Custom Excise• Department of Transport• Department of Environment• Department of Health etc.

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Slide 5

Gaps and Weaknesses• Lack of information sharing

– Discrepancies in information collected by diffe3rent departments

– Lack of information exchange– No standardised mechanisms for information exchange

amongst the relevant bodies– Different formats used in information collection – Experts in different departments may be unknown to

each other, thus reducing the opportunity for networking and information sharing

Slide 6

Gaps and Weaknesses• Lack of human and financial

resources– Skills and expertise– Institutional capacity– Infrastructure– Financial resources

30

Slide 7

Legal Challenges• Fragmented policy and legislative framework• Legislative measures are dispersed under

numerous sectoral laws (e.g. agriculture, transport, health, environment etc)

• This makes implementation, enforcement and compliance difficult

• Duplication of effort and inefficient use of resources

• Inconsistencies in the interpretation, implementation and enforcement of the laws

Slide 8

Integrated chemicals Management Systems

• Requires a shift in the national policy from reacting to environmental and health effects towards prevention of such effects at source

• Integrated management approach based on the life cycle management-LCM focuses on the management of environmental impacts of a product over its entire life-from cradle to grave.

31

Slide 9

Techniques of the Integrated Management

System• Policy and regulatory framework that

promotes– Technical assistance and compliance monitoring– Minimisation, Reuse and recycling– Economic incentives and disincentives– Training– Innovation in product design and production– Environmental sound technologies

Slide 10

Techniques for an Integrated management

system– Process changes– Cleaner production– Creating effective information systems– Life cycle analysis– Partnerships– Awareness raising – Changes in behaviour etc

32

Slide 11

Benefits of an IMS• Minimise and/or avoid creation of toxic

chemicals and wastes• Minimise and/or avoid the transfer of

toxic pollutants from one medium to another

• Accelerate the reduction and/or the elimination of toxic chemicals and wastes

• Minimise environmental and health risks

Slide 12

Benefits cont.• Promotes development of pollution

prevention technologies• Minimise the need for costly

enforcement• Limit future liability with greater

certainty• Promote a more competitive economy

33

Slide 13

Requirements for the Implementation of the IMS• Recognition of toxic chemicals and waste

as a primary source of pollution• Integrated and phased approach dealing

with minimisation (source control), secondly with impact management and lastly with remediation

• Training and capacity building of all sectors

Slide 14

Requirements for the Implementation of the

IMS• Developing effective national information systems

and information exchange mechanisms• Strengthening national awareness raising and

education and strengthening national capacities• Developing and implementing policy and legislative

frameworks that foster integrated and comprehensive approach to chemicals and waste management and that addresses all stages of the product life cycle.

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Slide 15

Requirements for the Implementation of the

IMS• Establishing an overall coordination mechanism

for implementing the integrated system (e.g. interdepartmental Committee)

• Institutional strengthening and capacity building amongst concerned ministries and authorities in all environmental matters

• Harmonisation of chemicals and waste polices and legislative frameworks

• Development of integrated national action plans

Slide 16

Role of International Convention Secretariats

• Promote synergies and cooperation in the implementation of the MEA’s

• Enhancing the human and institutional capacities of African countries

• Strengthening public and political support

35

Slide 17

Role of the International MEA’s Secretariats

• Fostering regional and sub regional cooperation

• Building network of regional centres of excellence

• Providing technical and financial assistance• Mobilizing international resources• Technology transfer

Slide 18

THANK YOU

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Implementation scheme of the PIC Convention in Switzerland PIC Convention INC INC 10 17-21.11.2003 in Geneva ICRC Switzerland member since 2000 Secretariat Industrial chemicals section ⇒ UNEP chemicals, Geneva Pesticide section ⇒ FAO, Rome Switzerland Swiss Agency for the Environment Forests and Landscape Substances, Soil and Biotechnology Division Designated National Authority (DNA) responsible for industrial chemicals and pesticides (e.g.. - Import decisions Export notification notifications to the Secretariat) International Affairs Division Summary of the common aspects of the Swiss implementation for Basel, PIC and POPs Implementation only through SAEFL Political input/decisions ⇒ International Affairs Division Technical input/decisions ⇒ BC - Waste Division ⇒ PIC and POPs - Substances, Soil an Biotechnology Division Centralized model of co- location Political and technical decisions are coordinated in between the three Conventions

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Slide 1

1

Integrated implementation of the Basel, Rotterdam and Integrated implementation of the Basel, Rotterdam and Stockholm Conventions:Stockholm Conventions:

The Swiss Experience

by Gabriela Löw

Swiss Agency for the Environment, Forests and Landscape

Slide 2

2

The international environmental regime

Biodiversity Ozone Layer

Biosafety ClimateChange

POPs

PIC Basel Dumping

UNCLOS HNS(dangeroussubstances)

CITES:endangeredspecies

Ramsar:wetlands

CLC

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Slide 3

3

Shortcomings of the present

international environmental regime:

• Fragmentation of the regime• Proliferation of meetings• Lack of coherence• Inadequate implementation

Slide 4

4

Aims of IEG-Process (International Environmental Governance)

• To increase cooperation between processes• To promote synergies and linkages, including pilot project

for a chemicals/waste cluster• To encourage co-location of MEA secretariats; • To avoid proliferation of meetings

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Slide 5

5

The three Chemical Conventions - tasks and goals

Basel

PIC

POPs

• regulates and controls transboundary movementsof hazardous and other wastes

• aims to protect developing and transition countriesfrom imports of unwanted chemicals and pesticidesthrough a prior informed consent procedure

• prohibits production and use, imports and exports,and regulates for the environmentally soundmanagement of twelve POPs (dirty dozen)

Slide 6

6

Common concerns ofthe Basel, PIC and POPs Conventions

• Dealing with hazardous materials (products or wastes)

• Seeking to protect human life and the environment

• Aiming to reduce hazardous components in materials

• Preventing unnecessary trade in toxic materials

• Promoting international cooperation, partnership and

capacity-building

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Slide 7

7

Board State SecretaryP. Roch, Director

Vice-Director Vice-Director Vice-Director

International Affairs

Political decisions on BC, PIC, POPs

CommunicationsDivision

Swiss Forest Agency

Nature and Landscape

Water Protection and Fischeries

Coordination and Resources

Legal Division

Waste Mangement

Focal Point Basel Convention (technical decisions)

Noise Abatement

Air Pollution Control

Substances, Soil and Biotechnology

Focal Point PIC/POPs Convention (technical decisions)

Economics and Research

Contaminated Land and Tank Installations

Safety of Installations

Organisation Chart SAEFL

Slide 8

8

Basel Convention (BC)

Basel Convention

•COP– working groups

•Secretariat BC– Bureau– BC Regional Centers

Switzerland

• Swiss Agency for the Environment, Forests and Landscape (SAEFL)

- Focal Point ⇒ International Affairs Division

- Competent Authority ⇒ Waste Management Division

Other Parties to the BCExport - Import - Transit countries

Industry & Commerce

Direct co-operation and information exchange

41

Slide 9

9

PIC ConventionINC• INC 10, 17.- 21.11.03 in Geneva

ICRC• Switzerland member since 2000

Secretariat

• Industrial chemicals section

⇒ UNEP chemicals, Geneva• Pesticide section

⇒ FAO, Rome

SwitzerlandSwiss Agency for the Environment Forests and Landscape

• Substances, Soil and Biotechnology Division– Designated National Authority (DNA)– responsible for industrial chemicalsand pesticides (e.g.. - Import decisions

- Export notification- notifications to the Secretariat)

• International Affairs Division

Implementation scheme of the PIC Convention in Switzerland

Swiss Industry Association „Code of Conduct for Exports“ (1994)

Voluntary procedure since 1989


Slide 10

10

Implementation of the POPs Convention in Switzerland

POPs ConventionINC

• INC 7, 14. – 18.7.03, in Geneva

Secretariat in Geneva

POPROC (Art 19 para 6)

SwitzerlandSwiss Agency for the Environment, Forests and Landscape

• Substances, Soil and Biotechnology Division

NIP(Art.7)

Reporting on technical data (Art.15)

• International Affairs Division

GEFInterim financial mechanism

Industry and commerce


42

Slide 11

11

Summary of the common aspects of the Swiss implementation for Basel, PIC and POPs

• Implementation only trough SAEFL• Political input/decisions ⇒ International Affairs Division• Technical input/decisions

⇒ BC - Waste Division ⇒ PIC and POPs - Substances, Soil an Biotechnology Division

• Centralized model of co-location• political and technical decisions are coordinated in between the three

Conventions

Slide 12

12

• Synergies• Efficiency• Cost saving

Joint implementation of Chemical Convention in Switzerland

Why is it the best solution for Switzerland

43

Coordinated Implementation of Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) in Africa – Analysis of Advance Questionnaires Presentation by Andreas Arlt, Associate Expert UNEP Chemicals Signatures and Ratifications of the Bamako Convention in Africa Future Ratification Status of the Bamako Convention in Africa Signatures and Ratifications of the Basel Convention in Africa Future Ratification Status of the Basel Convention in Africa Signatures and Ratifications of the Rotterdam Convention in Africa Future Ratification Status of the Rotterdam Convention in Africa Signatures and Ratifications of the Stockholm Convention in Africa Future Ratification Status of the Stockholm Convention in Africa General Information on Survey Question 3: Designated National Focal Points or National Authorities Question 4/5: Legal and Regulatory Framework for Management of Hazardous Chemicals/Wastes Question 6/7: Institutions involved in implementation and enforcement Question 8: Sufficient Institutional Capacity for the Implementation/Enforcement of the MEAs Question 9: Existing Arrangements for Inter- institut. Implementation/Enforcement of the MEAs Question 10/11: Status of NIPs and Strategies for Hazardous Chemicals/Wastes Question 12: Arrangements in Place for Data Collection, Monitoring and Reporting Question 13: Provision of Financial and Technical Assistance for MEA Implementation from International Financial Institutions and Donors Question 14: Activities/ Projects Addressing Objectives of two or more Haz. Chemicals/Wastes related MEAs Question 15: Stakeholders Involved in the Management of Hazardous Chemicals and Wastes Question 16: Types of Contacts with Stakeholders as a Focal Point for the MEAs Question 17: Reasons for no Contacts with Stakeholders Question 18: Sufficient Information on other MEAs Question 19: Cooperation with Focal Points of other MEAs on the Execution of Activities Question 20: Sufficient information on the Complementarity of the four Hazardous Chemicals/Wastes MEAs Question 21: Potential Benefits of the Coordinated Implementation of these MEAs Question 22: Activities with Relevance to other MEAs while Implementing one of the MEAs Question 23: Generation of information/expertise/infrastructure during the implementation of other MEAs Question 24: Additional Support Needed for Enhancing the Integrated Implementation

44

Slide 1

Pretoria, South Africa, 17-19 September 2003

1

Coordinated Implementation of Multilateral Environmental

Agreements (MEAs) in Africa –Analysis of Advance

Questionnaires

Andreas ArltAssociate ExpertUNEP Chemicals

Slide 2

Pretoria, South Africa, 17 -19 September 2003 2

Signatures and Ratifications of the Bamako Convention in Africa

PartiesSignatoriesNo Signatories or Parties

45

Slide 3


Future Ratification Status of the Bamako Convention in Africa


Slide 4


Signatures and Ratifications of the Basel Convention in Africa


46

Slide 5


Future Ratification Status of the Basel Convention in Africa


Slide 6


Signatures and Ratifications of the Rotterdam Convention in Africa


47

Slide 7


Future Ratification Status of the Rotterdam Convention in Africa


Slide 8


Signatures and Ratifications of the Stockholm Convention in Africa


48

Slide 9


Future Ratification Status of the Stockholm Convention in Africa


Slide 10


General Information on SurveyIssue: Implementation status of the chemicals’ related

Conventions in African countries1. Bamako Convention 2. Basel Convention3. Rotterdam Convention4. Stockholm Convention

Countries participating in the survey:Botswana, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Senegal, Seychelles, South Africa,Swaziland, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Number of Participating Countries: 18Number of Responses: 16

49

Slide 11


Question 3: Designated National Focal Points or National Authorities

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Basel Bamako Rotterdam Stockholm

Nu

mb

er o

f Co

un

trie

s

Slide 12


Question 4/5: Legal and Regulatory Framework for Management of Hazardous Chemicals/Wastes

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Legi

slat

ion

inp

lace

Leg

isla

tion

un

der

dev

elo

pm

ent

Gen

eral

envi

ron

men

tal

legi

slat

ion

Agr

o-C

hem

ical

s

Was

te

Hea

lth

an

dD

rugs

Pol

lutio

nC

ontr

ol

Tra

de/

Cus

tom

s

Nu

mb

er o

f co

un

trie

s

Regulations under development

Act/Law under development

Reguations in place

Act/Law in place

15 out of 18 countries responded

50

Slide 13


Question 6/7: Institutions involved in implementation and enforcement

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

M. Agri

cultu

re

M. Heal

th

M. Env

ironm

ent

M. Trad

e, Indu

stry, Tr

ansp

ort

M. Lab

or, Pu

blic S

ervice

Dep./A

uth. fo

r Wast

e

Dep./ A

uth. fo

r Envi

ronment

Dep./ A

uth. fo

r Indu

stry

Dep./A

uth. fo

r Drug

s and

Health

Dep./A

uth. fo

r Agri

cultu

re, Pe

st Con

trol

Dep./A

uth. fo

r Trad

e, Cus

toms, T

ransp

ortLoc

al Gov.

Num

ber

of c

ount

ries


Slide 14


Question 8: Sufficient Institutional Capacity for the Implementation/Enforcement of the MEAs

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

YES NO

Insuff

icient

Tech

nical,

Materia

l Cap

acitie

s

Insuff

icient

Finan

cial C

apac

ities

Insuff

icient

Organiz

ation

al Cap

acitie

s

Insuff

icient

Infras

tructu

re

Insuff

icient

Legis

lation

Insuff

icien

t Cap

acity

Buildin

g

Insuffi

cient I

nvolv

emen

t of Pr

ivate S

ector

Insuff

icient

Traini

ng/Ex

pertis

e

Insuff

icient

Human

Resou

rces

Capa

cities

unde

r Deve

lopmen

t

Nu

mb

er o

f co

un

trie

s 15 out of 18 countries responded

51

Slide 15


Question 9: Existing Arrangements for Inter-institut. Implementation/Enforcement of the MEAs

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

YES NO

Inter-m

inister

ial WG on

(Che

mical) W

astes

Stand

ards a

nd En

forcem

ent C

ommitte

e

Nationa

l Env

ironm

ental

Commiss

ion

Commiss

ion on

Pestic

ide Re

gulati

on

Nation

al Che

mical S

afety C

ommitte

e

in plac

e, how

ever to

o insu

fficien

t

Num

ber

of c

ount

ries 16 out of 18 countries responded

Slide 16


Question 10/11: Status of NIPs and Strategies for Hazardous Chemicals/Wastes

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

YES

NO

Bas

el S

trat

egic

Pla

n

NIP

fo

rS

tock

ho

lmC

on

ven

tio

n

Nat

ion

al P

lan

on

En

v./H

ealt

h

So

lid/H

azar

do

us

Was

teM

anag

emen

tP

lan

Ch

emic

als

Man

agem

ent

Pla

n

Gen

eral

Aw

aren

ess

Rai

sin

g P

lan

Num

ber

of c

ount

ries

Under DevelopmentEstablished


52

Slide 17


Question 12: Arrangements in Place for Data Collection, Monitoring and Reporting

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

YES NO UnderDevelopment

Partiallyestablished

Collectionsectoral and

ad hoc

DataCollection in

Place

Reporting/Monitoring in

Place

Nu

mb

er o

f co

un

trie

s


Slide 18


Question 13: Provision of Financial and Technical Assistance for MEA Implementation from International

Financial Institutions and Donors

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

YES NO AfricanStockpiles

Project

StockholmConvention

EnablingActivities

Under BaselConvention

UNDP/ UNEP Lack ofFunds for

FutureActivities

Nu

mb

er o

f co

un

trie

s


53

Slide 19


Question 14: Activities/ Projects Addressing Objectives of two or more Haz. Chemicals/Wastes related MEAs

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

YES NO

Develop

ment o

f NIPs

(und

er SC

)

Montre

al Prot

ocol

Chemica

l Infor

mation N

etwork

(CIEN

)

Hazardo

us Wast

e Mana

gement

and D

isposa

l

African

Stoc

kpiles

Proje

ct/ Pe

sticide

s Man

agem

ent

Capacity

Building

Trainin

g of C

ommun

ities o

n Haza

rdous

Wastes

Develop

ment of

Env. L

aw

Nu

mb

er o

f co

un

trie


Slide 20


Question 15: Stakeholders Involved in the Management of Hazardous Chemicals and Wastes

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Answer

Ministry

of Agri

cultu

re

Ministry

of Heal

th

Ministry

of En

vironm

ent

Ministry

of Tra

de, In

dustry

, Tran

sport

Ministry

of La

bor, P

ublic

Servic

e

Departm

ent/Auth

ority fo

r Wast

e

Depart

ment/ A

uthori

ty for

Enviro

nmen

t

Departm

ent/ A

uthorit

y for In

dustry

Depart

ment/ A

uthori

ty for

Drugs a

nd Heal

th

Depart

ment/ A

uthori

ty for

Agricu

lture,

Pest C

ontro

l

Depart

ment/ A

uthori

ty for

Trade

, Cus

toms, T

ransp

ort, S

tatistic

s

Local

Govern

ments

Indus

try (Che

micals,

Power),

Agricultu

re

NGOs

Researc

h Instit

utions

Nu

mb

er o

f co

un

trie


54

Slide 21


Question 16: Types of Contacts with Stakeholders as a Focal Point for the MEAs

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Answer

Meeting

s

Inform

ation E

xchan

ge Trainin

g

Nu

mb

er o

f co

un

trie

s


Workshops, Training,

Field Visits

Website, Newsletter, Magazines,

Talks

Workshops, Seminars,

Discussions

Slide 22


Question 17: Reasons for no Contacts with Stakeholders

• Lack of resources (personal, financial)• Early stage• No conventions ratified

55

Slide 23


Question 18: Sufficient Information on other MEAs

02468

10121416

YES NO

From Con

tacts w

ith Fo

cal Po

ints...

In the

public

literat

ure Interne

t

Interna

tional M

eeting

s

Regula

r Circu

lars

Rotterda

m Secre

tariat

UN Public

ations

Worksh

ops

Nu

mb

er o

f co

un

trie


Slide 24


Question 19: Cooperation with Focal Points of other MEAs on the Execution of Activities

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

YES NO

Meeting

s

Inform

ation E

xchang

e Trainin

g

Joint

Activitie

s/Proj

ects Othe

r

Nu

mb

er o

f co

un

trie

s


56

Slide 25


Question 20: Sufficient information on the Complementarity of the four Hazardous

Chemicals/Wastes MEAs

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

YES NO

Nu

mb

er o

f co

un

trie

s


Slide 26


Question 21: Potential Benefits of the Coordinated Implementation of these MEAs

• Exchange/sharing of data, information, facilities

• Efficient use of resources (manpower, funds, etc.), e.g. no duplication of work

• Harmonization of prevention and control activities, research activities,

• Public awareness

• Ease of implementation through proper legislation, policies, technical capacity, better coordination of stakeholders

• Maximized use of the available experts

• Subsume Rotterdam and Stockholm Convention under Basel Convention

57

Slide 27


Question 22: Activities with Relevance to other MEAs while Implementing one of the MEAs

• Review of existing legislation and development of appropriate new legislation (regulations, guidelines, criteria, etc.)

• Inventories (of hazardous chemicals)

• Trainings

• Awareness raising (stakeholders, public)• Fund raising and project development

• Chemical Information Exchange Network

• Import/Export notifications• Development of National Implementation Plans

• Development of facilities, infrastructure, equipment, disposal technologies

Slide 28


Question 23: Generation of information/expertise/infrastructure during the

implementation of other MEAs

• Data collection and exchange (statistical data, information on the chemicals, etc.)

• Updated information (on available equipment, expertise, infrastructure, data basis, inventories, import, export)

• Experience in (co-)disposal of hazardous chemicals• Trained personnel• Equipment, infrastructure in place, e.g. laboratories, regional

centres, etc.• Amendment of legislation• Regional and national networks in place• Awareness among stakeholders

58

Slide 29


Question 24: Additional Support Needed for Enhancing the Integrated Implementation

• Technical support (database, website, internet access, monitoring equipment,

• Financial support (for NIPs, legislation development, dissemination of information)

• Networking of Focal Points, field officers, stakeholders, experts

• Information exchange• Development of infrastructure, e.g. for waste management

• Further development of (harmonised) legislation

• Training of personal, academic qualification • Bilateral cooperation for export of hazardous wastes for the

purpose of environmentally sound disposal

59

Plenary II OVERVIEW OF THE BAMAKO CONVENTION ON THE BAN OF THE IMPORT INTO AFRICA AND THE CONTROL OF THE TRANSBOUNDARY MOVEMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF HAZARDOUS WASTE WITHIN AFRICA. Foday Bojang (African Union) Background During the latter part of the 1980s and the first half of the 1990s, Africa was the target of many Industrial companies for the dumping of hazardous wastes. Many African countries were offered payment if they would accept the disposal of these wastes in their territory. Indeed some of these wastes were reportedly disposed of in some countries with or without the knowledge of the relevant authorities. The period 1980 - 1990 coincided with heightened international awareness as regards the human and environmental risks associated with the uncoordinated and unsafe disposal of hazardous wastes. The successful negotiation and subsequent adoption of the Basel Convention in 1989 is one of the outcomes of such awareness and concern. Similar consciousness in Africa was behind the negotiation of the 'Bamako Convention on the Ban of the Import into Africa and the Control of Transboundary Movement and Management of Hazardous Wastes within Africa' in 1991. Aside from the increasing threat of illegal disposal of hazardous wastes that African countries were faced with, it was realized that the Basel Convention does not adequately cover the particularly concern of the region as regards the risk of dumping, since the Basel Convention stopped short of banning the export of hazardous wastes to the region. The Bamako Convention was therefore negotiated to provide for the banning of the import of hazardous wastes into the continent. Objectives In accordance with the relevant provisions of the Charter of the Organization of African Unity, the Abuja Treaty and the Lagos Plan of Action, the principal objective of the Bamako Convention is to protect human and environmental health in the region from hazards related to the transboundary movement and disposal of hazardous wastes. Furthermore, the Convention seeks to ensure that the generator takes responsibility for the transport and disposal of wastes. Scope of the Convention Annex I of the Convention defines many types of wastes as hazardous wastes including redionuclides, medical wastes, wastes from the production of pharmaceutical and phytopharmaceutical products, wastes from industrial processes, new and unidentified wastes amongst many others. The convention also covers those wastes and chemicals banned and or controlled by national legislation. Provisions. The Bamako Convention provides for many preventive measures including: the ban of the import of hazardous wastes as defined in its Annex I; information exchange

60

between parties and the Secretariat of the Convention; control of the movement of hazardous wastes; ban of dumping in internal waters, territorial seas, exclusive economic zones etc; Prior consent mechanism; designation of competent authorities; limitation of ports and points of entry; notification procedures; and promotion of clean production processes among other measures. Organs of the Convention Article 15 of the Convention provides for a Conference of the Parties (COP) of Ministers responsible for the environment. The first COP of the Convention was anticipated within the first year of the entry into force of he Convention. The COP could establish such subsidiary bodies, as it deems fit, to facilitate the implementation of the Convention. Entry into Force Article 25 of the Convention provides for its entry into force on the ninetieth day after the deposit of the tenth instrument of ratification from parties signatory to it. Consequently, the Convention entered into force in April 1998. Secretariat The Secretariat of the Organization of African Unity was designated as the interim Secretariat of the Convention until the establishment of a permanent arrangement by the Conference of the Parties at its first session. Funding of the Convention. The Conference of the Parties would establish a scale of contribution for the Parties to the Convention. Provision has also been made in the Convention for the establishment of a revolving fund to assist Parties deal with emergencies. Implementation of the Convention Country Parties to the Convention, through the interim Secretariat, have been implementing the Convention by way of information exchange on the movement of suspected carriers of hazardous wastes in territorial or international waters. The interim Secretariat of the Convention attempted to organize a first Conference of the Parties in 1999. Technical assistance was received from the Secretariat of the Basel Convention for the preparatory works including preparation of Conference documents. The Conference could however not materialize due to lack of follow-up by the Basel Convention on its promise of financial assistance and the restructuring of the OAU at the time, as well as the transition process from the OAU to the African Union that the OAU was engaged in. It is hoped that some time from 2004, when the Union would have started operating on a regular budget, arrangements could be made to hold the first Conference of the Parties. This however presupposes that the Convention will be adopted a Convention of the Union.

61

As at now, as a result of the OAU/UA inability to hold the first Conference of the Parties, the scale of contribution of Country Parties has yet to be determined. Consequently, no revolving fund has been established as anticipated under the Convention.

62

Slide 1

Secretariat of the Basel Convention

The Basel Convention – A General Overview

Sub-Regional Workshop on the Coordinated Implementation of the Basel, Rotterdam and Stockholm Conventions

Pretoria, 17-19 September 2003

Slide 2


1. Introduction

2. Waste controlled under the Convention

3. The Control System

4. Environmentally sound management of hazardous wastes

5. LCM of POPs chemicals and wastes

6. The African context

Presentation

63

Slide 3


Unregulated transboundary movements of hazardous wastes between countries, in particular, from “developed countries”

to “developing countries or countries with economies in transition”

•1985 Preliminary work of UNEP •1987 Adoption of the “Cairo Guidelines”•1989 Adoption of the Basel Convention •1992 Entry into force, 5th May 1992•2003 Total number of Parties, 157

(Status, 1st August 2003)

1 – Background

Slide 4


Main objectives:

•Reduce transboundary movements of hazardous wastes to a minimum consistent with their ESM,

•Dispose of hazardous wastes as close as possible to their sources of generation,

•Minimize generation of hazardous wastes in terms of quantity andhazardousness,

Fundamental themes:

•Regulation of the Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes,

•Environmentally Sound Management of Hazardous Wastes,

1 - Key Objectives and main themes

64

Slide 5


Technical Scope

•Article 1.1.a of the Convention (Annex I and Annex III): Pesticides, mining wastes, hospital wastes, industrial wastes, E.O.L equipments (e/wastes, ships, ulab, ), construction wastes, etc,

•Article 1.1b of the Convention: nickel w., PVCs, used tyres, etc,

•Articles 1.2 of the Convention (other wastes): municipal wastes, ashes from incineration of municipal wastes

•Annex VIII (Haz.) and Annex IX (non Haz.)

2 - Wastes controlled under the Convention

Slide 6


Basel Convention Rotterdam Convention Stockholm Convention

PCB Y10 - A1180/A3180 1336-36-3 YesPCT Y10 - A1180/A3180 61788-33-8 -PBB Y10 - A1180/A3180 36355-01-8 (hexa-) -

27858-07-7 (octa-)13654-09-6 (deca-)

Dioxins and FuransY 43 / Y 44 - A 4110 - Yes10 other POPs A4140 yes yes

other POPs A4140 no (not yet ?)

2 –Technical scope

65

Slide 7


3 – The Control System for Transboundary Movements

•1989 The Control System (Art.6 - Art.9),

•1995 Ban Amendment adopted by Decision of the COP ( < 40 ratifications, needs 62)

•1999 Protocol on Liability and Compensation (COP5)

Slide 8


. Prior written consent procedure (exporter is liable)

. Re-import obligations / Take back scheme

. Prohibitions and restrictions

. Definition and prevention of illegal traffic

. Documentation: notification, Doc. Movement

. Contract between the exporter and the disposer

. Insurance/financial garanties

. International transport rules and regulations

. Environmentally sound management of wastes

3 – The Control System (1989)

66

Slide 9


The Ban Amendment - Article 4A (adopted in 1995)•Prohibit export of hazardous wastes destined for final

disposal from states members to the Annex VII to States not listed in Annex VII.

•Prohibit export of hazardous wastes destined for recovery and recycling from states members to the Annex VII to States

not listed in Annex VII (31.12.97)

Annex VII: Parties and other States which are members of OECD, EC, and Liechtenstein

3 – The Control System

Slide 10


4 – Environmentally Sound Management• General Obligations of the BC (Art.4, ..),

• Basel Ministerial Declaration (COP5),

• Strategic Action Plan (COP6),

• 1995 Framework Document for the preparation of national& regional strategies for ESM of hazardous wastes

• 1995 Technical Guidelines for the ESM of PCBs, PCT, PBB;

• draft Revised Technical Guidelines on PCB, for

adoption at COP7, Oct. 04 AND draft TG for ESM

of POPs Wastes, for adoption at COP7, Oct. 04.

• Guidance Manuals and Database (PCBs)

67

Slide 11


‘First level’ activities

§ Strengthening/up-grading of the legal framework ;

§ Set up of a control system for the monitoring & control of transboundary movements of hazardous wastes ;

§Development of hazardous waste management strategy (Action Plan) ;

§National reporting ;

4 – Environmentally Sound Management

Slide 12


§ Progressive phase out of PCBs in electrical equipments and maintenance of equipments in use until the end of their life cycle;

§ Prevention of future discharges of PCBs in the environment;

§ Prevention of imports of PCB containing equipments in Africa (retrofilled transformers);

§ Strengthening of the national capacity

for ESM and maintenance, training ;

§Coordination/integration of environmental

policies on PCB management through (sub)regional planning;

4 – ESM Principles for PCBs

68

Slide 13


Set up of sound storage facilities through national consultation with stakeholders (short term, medium term);

§ In-country decontamination of equipments after their useful life (no equipments should be exported for decontamination);

§ Local ESM solutions for low concentrations of PCBs in oil (affordable, env. sound, socially acceptable);

§ Exports of high conc. of PCBs only for disposal

(if no other solution available);

§Marking of contaminated used oils (coloration);

4 – ESM Principles for PCBs

Slide 14


GenerationTrade in Products

Use(Maintenance)

ESM of Wastes(incl. Tr. Mvts, D)

Stockholm

LCM

- - - -- - - - - - - - - -

Rotterdam

Stockholm

Basel

Basel

5 – Life Cycle Management of PCBs

PCTs

PBBs- - - - - -

PCBs

69

Slide 15


Trade in Products Generation & Use ESM of Wastes(incl. Tr. Mvts, D)

Basel

StockholmLCM

Rott.

Re-Use

Non- POPs pesticides

- - - - - -

POPs pesticides

Rotterdam

5 – Life Cycle Management of Pesticides

- - - - -

Stockholm

Slide 16


6 – The African contextPolitical mandate

The First Continental Conference for Africa on the ESM of Unwanted Stocks of Hazardous Wastes and their Prevention, Rabat, Morocco, 8-12 Janvier 2001 (Pesticides, PCBs, used oils);

Rabat Declaration; Programme of Action for Africa; Steering Committee for Implementation

POA related activities in Africa• Pesticides: African Stockpile Project

• PCBs: National/pilot programmes, methodologies, databases for inventories, draft regulations, training material, regional management plans (SADC countries), implementation of disposal plan ?

• Used Oil: Global Partnership with oil companies

70

Slide 17


Other activities

• Health care wastes: pilot national projects (Nigeria, C.I), preparation of regional health care waste management strategy,

• Asbestos, dismantling/wrecking of ships,

• Strengthening of BCRCs,

• Coordinated implementation with chemicals conventions,

• Development of new partnerships: local authorities, industry, NGOs,

6 – The African context

Slide 18


Visit the Basel Convention’s website:

http://www.basel.int/

For more information

Ratification To date, despite reminders sent to member States, only eighteen have ratified the Bamako Convention. This is reason for grave concern in the Commission of the African Union considering that the Convention was adopted in 1991.

71

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs ) Fatoumata KEITA-OUANE Coordinator Stockholm Convention NIPs UNEP Chemicals Stockholm Convention-what is it? A legally binding treaty to protect human health and the environment from POPs. Background: What are POPs? organic (carbon-based) compounds natural or anthropogenic origin resist degradation in environment low water + high fat solubility bioaccumulate in fatty tissues semi-volatile + occur in air, water & soil regional and global distribution toxic to humans and wildlife POPs – why are they a concern? Stockholm Convention Adopted in Stockholm on 22 May 2001 by 127 countries As of 10 September 2003, 151 signatories 37 Parties Signatures and Ratifications The Initial 12 POPs Convention Provisions Four 4 main areas of Convention: General obligations Control provisions: Intentionally Produced POPs Unintentionally Produced POPs Stockpiles and Wastes Procedure for adding new POPs Financial and technical assistance

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Intentionally Produced POPs Goal is the elimination of production and use of production and use eliminated or restricted and, in each case, trade will be restricted elimination (Annex A) - 9 chemicals restriction (Annex B)- DDT (“acceptable purpose” in disease vector control) Intentionally Produced POPs: PCBs All Parties must: cease production of new PCBs immediately (entry into force) eliminate use of in-place PCB equipment by 2025 achieve the ESM of PCB wastes ASAP and by 2028 report to the COP every 5 years on their progress The COP: will review progress on 2025 & 2028 targets every 5 years Intentionally Produced POPs: DDT All Parties shall: eliminate production and use except for disease vector control programs: special public DDT register reporting and other obligations promote research and development for DDT alternatives The COP will: review at its first meeting, and every 3 years thereafter, the ongoing need for DDT for disease vector control (i.e., are technically and economically feasible alternative products, practices or processes available?) Intentionally Produced POPs: Exemptions Exemptions available for: uses identified in Annex A and B PCB DDT Intentionally Produced POPs: Trade Issues trade will be restricted for all POPs in Annexes A and B Imports/exports between Parties limited to shipments: intended for environmentally sound disposal, or to Parties with: “specific exemptions” under Annex A or B, or “acceptable purposes” under Annex B exports to non-Parties may take place but there are:

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conditions on both Non-Party and Party, and accountability requirements (use & disposal of POPs) Intentionally Produced POPs Parties with regulatory and assessment schemes for industrial chemicals and pesticides, shall, in conducting assessments of: new substances, take “measures to regulate with the aim of preventing the produc tion and use” of new POPs in-use substances, consider the screening criteria for candidates for addition to Convention (Annex D) These provisions will allow the identification of possible POPs as soon as possible in these assessment programs Unintentionally Produced POPs Goal is continuing minimization and, where feasible, ultimate elimination of total releases of chemicals in Annex C derived from anthropogenic sources (dioxins, furans, HCB, PCBs) Parties must: develop action plans within 2 years of entry into force, and implement their plans promote application of available, feasible and practical measures to achieve realistic and meaningful levels of release reduction or source elimination promote development and, where appropriate, require use of substitute or modified materials, products and processes to prevent formation and release of POPs Unintentionally Produced POPs For sources with the potential for comparatively high formation & release of POPs to the environment (including but not limited to the industrial source categories listed in Annex C Part II), Parties must: for new sources: promote and, as provided for in an action plan, require use of best available techniques (BAT), and phase in any BAT requirements as soon as practicable but no later than 4 years after Convention enters into force promote use of best environmental practices (BEP) for existing sources, promote use of BAT & BEP Unintentionally Produced POPs For other industrial source categories listed in Annex C, Part III, Parties must promote use of BAT & BEP for new and existing sources: variety of combustion sources chemical production processes releasing unintentionally produced POPs

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waste recovery and disposal practices textile & leather dying & finishing motor vehicles destruction of animal carcasses crematoria POPs in Stockpiles & Wastes Goal is environmentally sound management (ESM) of stockpiles, wastes, and products and articles upon becoming wastes that consist of, contain or are contaminated by POPs Parties must: develop and implement strategies to identify stockpiles, products and articles in use, and wastes containing POPs manage stockpiles in a safe, efficient and ESM until they are deemed to be wastes take measures to handle, collect, transport and store wastes in ESM and dispose of wastes in a way that destroys POP content, or otherwise in ESM taking into account international rules, standards and guidelines POPS in Stockpiles & Wastes Parties must: not allow recovery, recycle, reclamation, direct reuse or alternative uses of POPs not transport these materials across international boundaries without taking into account international rules (e.g., Basel Convention) develop strategies for identifying contaminated sites and, if remediation is attempted, do it in an environmentally sound manner Adding New POPs Agreed process will be used to evaluate candidates nominated by Parties application of scientific criteria “precaution” is incorporated all Parties have the opportunity for full hearing on any nominated candidate Transparent process. Financial & Technical Assistance Developing countries and countries with economies in transition will need technical and financial assistance Regional and subregional centres will be established for capacity building and transfer of technology to assist countries in need Developed countries have undertaken to provide technical assistance and new and additional financial resources to meet agreed full incremental implementation costs Global Environment Facility (GEF) has been named as the principal entity of the interim financial mechanism to fund capacity building and other related activities

75

Financial & Technical Assistance Period prior to ratification: Projects to enable developing countries to prepare to meet the ir future convention requirements UNEP-World Bank MOU Canada Fund and other sources Available Funds GEF will provide funds to cover the agreed full cost, for enabling activities Expedited procedure up to US$500,000 per country. Requests for more than US$500,000 will be considered on a case-by-case basis General Obligations Develop, implement and update an implementation plan Designate a National Focal Point Promote and facilitate a wide range of public information, awareness and education measures Encourage/undertake research, development, monitoring and cooperation on all aspects of POPs and their alternatives Report to the COP on: measures taken by Party and their effectiveness data/estimates for total quantities of POPs in Annex A and B that are traded, and list of States involved Article 7: Implementation Plans Parties shall: develop & endeavour to implement an implementation plan submit plan to COP within 2 years of entry into force of Convention for the Party review and update plan on a periodic basis, in a manner to be specified by COP cooperate with other Parties directly, or through intergovernmental organizations, and consult stakeholders in all these actions endeavour to utilize and integrate these plans in national sustainable development strategies Article 7: Implementation Plans As part of its implementation plan under Article 7: Party in the DDT Register shall develop national DDT action plan to: [Annex B Part II] confine use of DDT to disease vector control explore alternatives to DDT, and take measures to strengthen health care and reduce incidence of disease

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Party shall develop an action plan within 2 years of entry into force to identify, characterize and address releases of unintentionally produced POPs in Annex C and facilitate implementation of the requirements of Article 5 Why Ratify the Convention? Access to technical assistance to assess and manage POPs Access to funding for POPs related projects Ensure that trade in chemicals does not compromise health and environment Ability to shape the Convention in future Implementing sustainable development Other Provisions Enters into force 90 days after 50th ratification COP must review effectiveness 4 years after entry into force UNEP to provide Secretariat Exemptions Intentionally produced POPs Article 3 Annexes A and B Exemptions Specific Exemptions: production and/or use of 8 (of 10) chemicals register established for Annex A&B chemicals a State on becoming a Party may register by informing secretariat (public register of countries) duration = 5 years, unless Party specifies an earlier date extension = 5 years, if Party requests and COP approves may be withdrawn by a Party at any time Parties using “specific exemptions” or “acceptable purposes” provisions must take measures to prevent or minimize human exposure and releases to the environment Exemptions Exemptions Exemptions Exemptions Exemptions Exemptions Exemptions Exemptions

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Some exemptions are not time-limited laboratory-scale research reference standards unintentiona l trace contaminants in products and articles constituents of articles manufactured or already in use before or on date of entry into force of an obligation concerning that chemical: IMPORTANT FEATURES Life Cycle Production (by-products & intentional) Art 3(1)+5 Storage (stockpiles) Art 6 Transport (Import/Export) Art 3(2)+6 Processing (Unintentional) Art 3(1)+5 Final use Art 3(1)+5 Recycling Art 3(1)+5 Waste Art 6 IMPORTANT FEATURE Precaution Four references Preamble: Article 1 – Objective Article 8 - Listing of chemicals in Annexes A, B and C (paragraph 9) Annex C (Article 5) SC Convention related activities

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Slide 1

Pretoria 17-19 September 2003 1

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs )

Fatoumata KEITA-OUANECoordinator Stockholm Convention NIPs UNEP Chemicals

Slide 2

Pretoria 17 -19 September 20032

Stockholm Convention-what is it?

• A legally binding treaty to protect human health and the environment from POPs

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Slide 3


Background: What are POPs?

• organic (carbon-based) compounds• natural or anthropogenic origin• resist degradation in environment• low water + high fat solubility

• bioaccumulate in fatty tissues• semi-volatile + occur in air, water & soil

• regional and global distribution• toxic to humans and wildlife

Slide 4


POPs – why are they a concern?

• Toxic

• resist degradation in environment

• low water + high lipid solubility

• bioaccumulate in fatty tissues

• semi-volatile + multi-media

• mobile - regional and global distribution

• continued release

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Slide 5


Stockholm Convention

• Adopted in Stockholm on 22 May 2001 by 127 countries

• As of 10 September 2003, 151 signatories • 37 Parties

Slide 6


Signatures and Ratifications

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Slide 7


The Initial 12 POPs

+Furans

+Dioxins

++PCBs

+++Hexachlorobenzene

+Toxaphene

+Mirex

+Heptachlor

+Endrin

+Dieldrin

+DDT

+Chlordane

+Aldrin

By-ProductIndustrial Chemical

PesticideChemical

Slide 8


Convention Provisions

Four 4 main areas of Convention:• General obligations• Control provisions:

– Intentionally Produced POPs– Unintentionally Produced POPs– Stockpiles and Wastes

• Procedure for adding new POPs• Financial and technical assistance

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Slide 9


Intentionally Produced POPs

• Goal is the elimination of production and use of

• production and use eliminated or restricted and, in each case, trade will be restricted

• elimination (Annex A) - 9 chemicals • restriction (Annex B)- DDT (“acceptable

purpose” in disease vector control)

Slide 10


Intentionally Produced POPs:PCBs

All Parties must:• cease production of new PCBs immediately (entry into

force)• eliminate use of in-place PCB equipment by 2025• achieve the ESM of PCB wastes ASAP and by 2028• report to the COP every 5 years on their progress

The COP:• will review progress on 2025 & 2028 targets every 5

years

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Slide 11


Intentionally Produced POPs: DDTAll Parties shall:

• eliminate production and use except for disease vector control programs:

• special public DDT register• reporting and other obligations

• promote research and development for DDT alternatives

The COP will:• review at its first meeting, and every 3 years thereafter,

the ongoing need for DDT for disease vector control (i.e., are technically and economically feasible alternative products, practices or processes available?)

Slide 12


Intentionally Produced POPs: Exemptions

Exemptions available for:• uses identified in Annex A and B• PCB • DDT

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Slide 13


Intentionally Produced POPs: Trade Issues

• trade will be restricted for all POPs in Annexes A and B• Imports/exports between Parties limited to shipments:

• intended for environmentally sound disposal, or• to Parties with:

– “specific exemptions” under Annex A or B, or– “acceptable purposes” under Annex B

• exports to non-Parties may take place but there are:• conditions on both Non-Party and Party, and• accountability requirements (use & disposal of

POPs)

Slide 14


Intentionally Produced POPs

Parties with regulatory and assessment schemes for industrial chemicals and pesticides, shall, in conducting assessments of:• new substances, take “measures to regulate with the

aim of preventing the production and use” of new POPs

• in-use substances, consider the screening criteria for candidates for addition to Convention (Annex D)

These provisions will allow the identification of possible POPs as soon as possible in these assessment programs

85

Slide 15


Unintentionally Produced POPs

Goal is continuing minimization and, where feasible, ultimate elimination of total releases of chemicals in Annex C derived from anthropogenic sources (dioxins, furans, HCB, PCBs)Parties must:

• develop action plans within 2 years of entry into force, and implement their plans

• promote application of available, feasible and practical measures to achieve realistic and meaningful levels of release reduction or source elimination

• promote development and, where appropriate, require use of substitute or modified materials, products and processes to prevent formation and release of POPs

Slide 16


Unintentionally Produced POPsFor sources with the potential for comparatively high formation & release of POPs to the environment (including but not limited to the industrial source categories listed in Annex C Part II), Parties must:• for new sources:

• promote and, as provided for in an action plan, require use of best available techniques (BAT), and

• phase in any BAT requirements as soon as practicable but no later than 4 years after Convention enters into force

• promote use of best environmental practices (BEP)

• for existing sources, promote use of BAT & BEP

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Slide 17


Unintentionally Produced POPs

For other industrial source categories listed in Annex C, Part III, Parties must promote use of BAT & BEP for new and existing sources:

• variety of combustion sources• chemical production processes releasing unintentionally produced POPs• waste recovery and disposal practices• textile & leather dying & finishing• motor vehicles• destruction of animal carcasses• crematoria

Slide 18


POPs in Stockpiles & Wastes

Goal is environmentally sound management (ESM) of stockpiles, wastes, and products and articles upon becoming wastes that consist of, contain or are contaminated by POPsParties must:

• develop and implement strategies to identify stockpiles, products and articles in use, and wastes containing POPs

• managestockpiles in a safe, efficient and ESM until they are deemed t o be wastes

• take measures to handle, collect, transport and store wastes in ESM and dispose of wastes in a way that destroys POP content, or otherwise in ESM taking into account international rules, standards and guidelines

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Slide 19


POPS in Stockpiles & Wastes

Parties must:

• not allow recovery, recycle, reclamation, direct reuse or alternative uses of POPs

• not transport these materials across international boundaries without taking into account international rules (e.g., Basel Convention)

• develop strategies for identifying contaminated sites and, if remediation is attempted, do it in an environmentally sound manner

Slide 20


Adding New POPs

Agreed process will be used to evaluate candidates nominated by Parties• application of scientific criteria• “precaution” is incorporated• all Parties have the opportunity for full hearing on any nominated candidate• Transparent process.

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Slide 21


Financial & Technical Assistance

Developing countries and countries with economies in transition will need technical and financial assistance • Regional and subregional centres will be established for

capacity building and transfer of technology to assist countries in need

• Developed countries have undertaken to provide technical assistance and new and additional financial resources to meet agreed full incrementalimplementation costs

• Global Environment Facility (GEF) has been named as the principal entity of the interim financial mechanism to fund capacity building and other related activities

Slide 22


Financial & Technical Assistance

Period prior to ratification:• Projects to enable developing countries to

prepare to meet their future convention requirements

• UNEP-World Bank MOU• Canada Fund and other sources

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Slide 23


Available Funds

• GEF will provide funds to cover the agreed full cost, for enabling activities

• Expedited procedure up to US$500,000 per country .

• Requests for more than US$500,000 will be considered on a case-by-case basis

Slide 24


General Obligations

• Develop, implement and update an implementation plan• Designate a National Focal Point• Promote and facilitate a wide range of public information,

awareness and education measures• Encourage/undertake research, development, monitoring

and cooperation on all aspects of POPs and their alternatives

• Report to the COP on:• measures taken by Party and their effectiveness• data/estimates for total quantities of POPs in Annex A

and B that are traded, and list of States involved

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Slide 25


Article 7: Implementation Plans

Parties shall:• develop & endeavour to implement an implementation

plan • submit plan to COP within 2 years of entry into force of

Convention for the Party • review and update plan on a periodic basis, in a manner to

be specified by COP• cooperate with other Parties directly, or through

intergovernmental organizations, and consult stakeholders in all these actions

• endeavour to utilize and integrate these plans in national sustainable development strategies

Slide 26


Article 7: Implementation Plans

As part of its implementation plan under Article 7:• Party in the DDT Register shall develop national DDT

action plan to: [Annex B Part II]• confine use of DDT to disease vector control• explore alternatives to DDT, and• take measures to strengthen health care and reduce

incidence of disease• Party shall develop an action plan within 2 years of entry

into force to identify, characterize and address releases of unintentionally produced POPs in Annex C and facilitate implementation of the requirements of Article 5

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Slide 27


Why Ratify the Convention?

• Access to technical assistance to assess and manage POPs• Access to funding for POPs related projects• Ensure that trade in chemicals does not compromise health

and environment• Ability to shape the Convention in future• Implementing sustainable development

Slide 28


Other Provisions

• Enters into force 90 days after 50th ratification• COP must review effectiveness 4 years after entry

into force• UNEP to provide Secretariat

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Slide 29


Exemptions

• Intentionally produced POPs• Article 3• Annexes A and B

Slide 30


ExemptionsSpecific Exemptions:

• production and/or use of 8 (of 10) chemicals • register established for Annex A&B chemicals • a State on becoming a Party may register by informing

secretariat (public register of countries)• duration = 5 years, unless Party specifies an earlier date• extension = 5 years, if Party requests and COP approves• may be withdrawn by a Party at any time

Parties using “specific exemptions” or “acceptable purposes” provisions must take measures to prevent or minimize human exposure and releases to the environment

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Slide 31


Exemptions

Chemical Activity Specific Exemption Production None Aldrin

Use Local ectoparasiticide Insecticide

Production As allowed for the Parties listed in the Register

Chlordane

Use Local ectoparasiticide Insecticide Termiticide Termiticide in buildings and dams Termiticide in roads Additive in plywood adhesives

Slide 32


Exemptions

Chemical Activity Specific Exemption Production None Dieldrin

Use In agricultural operations

Production None Endrin

Use None

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Slide 33


Exemptions

Chemical Activity Specific Exemption Production None Heptachlor

Use Termiticide Termiticide in structures of houses Termiticide (subterranean) Wood treatment In use in underground cable boxes

Production As allowed for the Parties listed in the Register

Hexachlorobenzene

Use Intermediate Solvent in pesticide Closed system site-limited intermediate

Slide 34


Exemptions

Chemical Activity Specific Exemption Production As allowed for the Parties listed in the

Register Mirex

Use Termiticide

Production None Toxaphene

Use None

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Slide 35


Exemptions

Chemical Activity Specific Exemption Production None PCBs

Use Articles in use in accordance with the provisions of Part II of Annex A

Note (iv): All Parties are entitled to the PCB specific exemption N.B. Parties using the PCB specific exemption wil l not be listed in the register [Article 4, para. 1]

Slide 36


Exemptions

heptachlor as a termiticide as well as in underground cable boxes chlordane as a termiticide in roads and buildings and as an additive in plywood adhesiveshexachlorobenzene as a solvent in pesticides

Eritrea

aldrin as a local ectoparasiticide and insecticidechlordane as a local ectoparasiticide and insecticide

Comoroschlordane as a termiticide in roadsBotswanaSpecific exemption or acceptable purposeCountry

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Slide 37


Exemptions

chlordane as a termiticide in buildings, dams and roads

Zinbwabwe

chlordane in roads and buildings as a termiticideZambia

chlordane as a termiticideMozambique

chlordane as a termiticideMalawi

hexachlorobenzene as solvent in pesticides PCBs in electrical equipment

Madagascar

Specific exemption or acceptable purposeCountry

Slide 38


Exemptions

Some exemptions are not time-limited• laboratory-scale research• reference standards• unintentional trace contaminants in products and

articles• constituents of articles manufactured or already in use

before or on date of entry into force of an obligation concerning that chemical:

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Slide 39


IMPORTANT FEATURES

Life Cycle • Production (by-products & intentional) Art 3(1)+5• Storage (stockpiles) Art 6• Transport (Import/Export) Art 3(2)+6• Processing (Unintentional) Art 3(1)+5• Final use Art 3(1)+5• Recycling Art 3(1)+5• Waste Art 6

Slide 40


IMPORTANT FEATURE

PrecautionPrecautionFour references• Preamble:• Article 1 – Objective• Article 8 - Listing of chemicals in Annexes A,

B and C (paragraph 9)• Annex C (Article 5)

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Slide 41


SC Convention related activities

SC NIPs

ASP

PCBs

Slide 42


Distribution of Projects 2 for the POPs Enabling Activities by GEF Implementing Agency / Executing Agency as at August 26, 2003

FAO0%

UNEP31%

UNDP12%

UNIDO20% None

35%

IBRD / World Bank2%

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Slide 43


Notes:1. Total number of possible countries: 194 (100%). Total states par ticipating in the Restructured GEF: 175

(details and eligibility criteria have been included at the end of the excel worksheet)2. Total number of countries in which EA Proposals have already bee n distributed among different GEF

Implementing Agency / Executing Agency is 125 (64,43%). This total includes countries in which EA Proposal are under development, review or have already been approved.

3. Total of countries with CEO Approval: 109 (56,19% of the total o f countries). 4. Remain countries for possible action: 69 (35,57%), although ther e are ideas of who is working where.5. UNEP: Sixty (60) countries have developed EA Proposals under UNEP. Thi s figure includes the twelve

(12) Pilot Countries. A total of 83,33% of those proposals have already been approved. 5% is under review, 10% is either under development or drafting and 1.67% has been r ejected (Brunei Darussalam).

6. UNIDO: Thirty-eight (38) countries have developed EA Proposal under UNIDO. For China (UNIDO/IBRD) has been taken as the GEF Implementing Agency / Executing Agency. For Tunisia (UNEP/UNIDO), UNEP has been considered as the GEF Implementing Agency / Executing Agency.

7. UNDP: Twenty-tree (24) countries have developed EA Proposal under UNDP.8. IBRD and World Bank: The World Bank counts with 3 countries. These countries include Colombia

(IBRD/World Bank), the Republic of Moldova (IBRD/World Bank), an d Mexico (World Bank).9. FAO is working with Peru (UNEP/FAO), however, this country has been taken into consideration under

UNEP.

10. Waiting for GEF Weekly PM Update August 18-22, 2003 in order to take response and request under further consideration Updated by JFCR

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Overview of the Rotterdam Convention Objective of the Convention To promote shared responsibility and cooperative efforts among Parties in the international trade of certain hazardous chemicals in order to protect human health and the environment from potential harm and to contribute to their environmentally sound use. Objective of the Convention How? by facilitating information exchange about chemicals and their characteristics, and by providing for a national decision-making process on their import and export. Background 1985 FAO Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use of Pesticides (Amended 1989 and 2002) 1987 UNEP London Guidelines for the Exchange of Information on Chemicals in International Trade (Amended 1989) 1989 – 1998 UNEP/FAO Joint Program on the PIC Procedure Background The Negotiation Process UNCED (Rio 1992) Mandate from the governing bodies of UNEP and FAO (1995) Intergovernmental Negotiation (1996 – 1998) Convention and its Final Act Adopted (1998) What the Convention Achieves Early warning system Keeps chemicals-related problems from getting worse Empowers developing countries Ensures labeling and hazard communication Promotes communication and information exchange among countries Scope of the Convention Applies to: Banned or severely restricted chemicals, and Severely hazardous pesticide formulations. Scope of the Convention Does not apply to:

101

Narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances Radioactive materials Wastes Chemical weapons Chemicals used as food additives Food Chemicals in small quantities for research and analysis How It Works – Key Elements PIC Procedure: means to formally obtain and circulate the decisions of importing countries as to whether they wish to receive future shipments of chemicals specifically subject to the Convention and to ensure compliance with these decisions by exporting countries How It Works – Key Elements Information Exchange provisions for the exchange of information among Parties about a very broad range of potentially hazardous chemicals that may be exported and imported How It Works – Key Elements Information Exchange provisions include: Informing Parties about national bans or severe restrictions Informing Parties prior to export of a chemical banned or severely restricted in your territory inclusion of a safety data sheet with exported chemicals opportunities for notifying problems caused by a severely hazardous pesticide formulation under conditions of use in their territory; and labelling requirements for chemicals subject to the PIC procedures Country Responsibilities All Countries Nominate a DNA Provide notifications of final regulatory actions to ban or severely restrict a chemical Submit proposals of severely hazardous pesticide formulations (Dev. Countries and EIT) Country Responsibilities Exporting Countries: Communicate import decisions to exporters, industry and other relevant authorities within their country Ensure that exports do not occur contrary to the decisions of importing countries Provide Export Notifications to importing countries

102

Assist importing countries as required Country Responsibilities Importing Countries: Provide import responses (either interim or final), ensuring they apply equally to import from ALL exporters and to any domestic manufacture Acknowledge receipt of Export Notifications Ensure that importers, relevant authorities and, where possible, users are informed of notifications received Key Players Designated National Authorities Conference of the Parties Chemical Review Committee Secretariat Designated National Authorities (DNAs) Focal Point for operation of the PIC procedure Responsible for the administrative functions required by the Convention May cover pesticides, or chemicals, or both As of 1 September 259 DNAs from 169 states Conference of the Parties (COP) Highest Authority of the Convention Countries that have become Parties oversee implementation Interim procedure – Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) Just over 100 countries now participate Decides on inclusion of chemicals, establishes subsidiary bodies, defines PIC Regions, etc.

103

Chemical Review Committee (CRC) Expert Committee Review notifications and proposals from Parties Make recommendations to COP/INC on chemicals to be added to the Convention 29 Members from 7 “PIC Regions” Africa, Asia, Europe, Near East, Latin America, North America, Southwest Pacific Interim procedure – interim Chemical Review Committee (iCRC) Secretariat Provided by UNEP and FAO jointly Service Parties, eg, convene COP/INC and CRC/iCRC meetings Facilitate some aspects of procedures Collect and review notifications Maintain registers, eg, DNA lists Communicate to Parties Assist Parties in Convention implementation Coordinate with other secretariats Other functions as specified in the Convention Supporting Documentation PIC Circular Notification of Control Action form Severely Hazardous Pesticide Formulation Report form Decision Guidance Document (DGD) Import Response form Interim Arrangements The resolution on interim arrangements: Brings the voluntary PIC procedure in line with the Convention (interim procedure) Asks the INC to oversee the implementation of the interim procedure and prepare for the Conference of the Parties; All chemicals in Annex III of the convention are subject to the interim procedure, as well as chemicals added by the INC in accordance with the provision of the Convention; Technical Assistance Parties shall cooperate in promoting technical assistance for the development of the infrastructure and the capacity necessary to manage chemicals to enable implementation of the Convention; Parties with more advanced programs for regulating chemicals should provide technical assistance to other Parties in developing their infrastructure and capacity to manage chemicals.

104

Current Status 27 chemicals listed in Convention: 17 pesticides 5 severely hazardous pesticide formulations 5 industrial chemicals Five new pesticides added to the interim PIC procedure Regional support for implementation workshops being held More chemicals to be considered at INC 10, 17-21 November 2003 AVAILABILITY OF DOCUMENTATION Rotterdam Convention Website: WWW.PIC.INT

105

Plenary III

Africa Stockpiles Programme by Mark Davis

Introduction What is ASP trying to achieve? How does ASP relate to the family of chemical conventions? Ensuring synergy ASP Objectives Eliminate all obsolete pesticide stocks Prevent recurrence of the problem Ensure synergy with relevant initiatives The Conventions Stockholm Rotterdam Basel Bamako Dieldrin in Mali Stockholm Stop production of POPs Replace POPs in use Manage POPs waste in an environmentally sound manner Prevent production of by-product POPs Hazard communication ASP & Stockholm 9 of the 12 POPs are pesticides Dispose of POPs and other obsolete pesticides Support replacement of POPs pesticides Destruction in compliance with Stockholm Movement of repackaged obsolete pesticides Basel Basel requires each Party: to minimize waste generation and to ensure, if possible, availability of disposal facilities within its own territory Environmentally sound management (“ESM”) of hazardous wastes Hazard communication ASP & Basel Identification of existing waste stockpiles Export for destruction Strategies for minimization of waste generation Review of national/regional waste management capacity

106

Repackaged obsolete pesticides Bamako Hazardous waste import ban Ban on marine & inland water dumping ESM & minimization of hazardous waste ASP & Bamako Waste export & regional movement ESM of all ASP project waste Implementing “Return to Sender” concept Supporting local waste management strategies (but no capital investment) Misuse of pesticides Rotterdam Control trade in hazardous chemicals Covers 22 pesticides Prior Informed Consent procedure Probable entry into force 2003 ASP & Rotterdam Obsolete pesticide stockpiles include many PIC chemicals ASP requires ratification of Rotterdam Rotterdam is an important prevention tool Ensuring synergy Identify links with Conventions (and other relevant initiatives) Stockholm NIPs; involvement in national projects Use of guidance Ensuring synergy Basel International movement of hazardous waste ESM of hazardous waste Following technical guidelines Regional centres Ensuring synergy Rotterdam Controlling imports Effective regulation & enforcement Eliminating the most hazardous pesticides Sharing information about hazards Obsolete pesticides in Ethiopia Case study: Ethiopia Identification of stocks Export & destruction of obsolete pesticides

107

Capacity building Prevention through: Regulation Improved management Sustainable agriculture Case study: Ethiopia Basel ratification for waste export Stockholm ratification for ASP engagement Rotterdam ratification for effective prevention Focal point for 3 conventions on project steering group NIP inventory included in project inventory FAO Roles Interim joint secretariat for Rotterdam Obsolete pesticides programme Pesticides management programme Code of Conduct EMPRES migratory pest programme Global IPM Facility Technical support focus for ASP Summary ASP is a major chemicals (pesticides) management initiative for African countries Supports implementation of 3 chemical conventions Synergy with existing convention activities FAO plays a key role

108

Slide 1

Slide 2

Eliminating Obsolete Pesticides

Preventing Future Toxic Threats

Protecting Human Health and the Environment

109

Slide 3

Introduction

• What is ASP trying to achieve?• How does ASP relate to the family of

chemical conventions?• Ensuring synergy

Slide 4

ASP Objectives

• Eliminate all obsolete pesticide stocks

• Prevent recurrence of the problem• Ensure synergy with relevant

initiatives

110

Slide 5

The Conventions

• Stockholm• Rotterdam• Basel• Bamako

Slide 6

Dieldrin in Mali

111

Slide 7

Stockholm

• Stop production of POPs• Replace POPs in use• Manage POPs waste in an

environmentally sound manner• Prevent production of by-product

POPs• Hazard communication

Slide 8

ASP & Stockholm

• 9 of the 12 POPs are pesticides• Dispose of POPs and other obsolete

pesticides• Support replacement of POPs

pesticides• Destruction in compliance with

Stockholm

112

Slide 9

Movement of repackaged obsolete pesticides

Slide 10

Basel

• Basel requires each Party:– to minimize waste generation and– to ensure, if possible, availability of

disposal facilities within its own territory

• Environmentally sound management (“ESM”) of hazardous wastes

• Hazard communication

113

Slide 11

ASP & Basel

• Identification of existing waste stockpiles

• Export for destruction• Strategies for minimization of waste

generation• Review of national/regional waste

management capacity

Slide 12

Repackaged obsolete pesticides

114

Slide 13

Bamako

• Hazardous waste import ban• Ban on marine & inland water

dumping• ESM & minimization of hazardous

waste

Slide 14

ASP & Bamako

• Waste export & regional movement• ESM of all ASP project waste• Implementing “Return to Sender”

concept• Supporting local waste management

strategies (but no capital investment)

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Slide 15

Misuse of pesticides

Slide 16

Rotterdam

• Control trade in hazardous chemicals• Covers 22 pesticides• Prior Informed Consent procedure• Probable entry into force 2003

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Slide 17

ASP & Rotterdam

• Obsolete pesticide stockpiles include many PIC chemicals

• ASP requires ratification of Rotterdam

• Rotterdam is an important prevention tool

Slide 18

Ensuring synergy

• Identify links with Conventions (and other relevant initiatives)

• Stockholm – NIPs; – involvement in national projects– Use of guidance

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Slide 19

Ensuring synergy

• Basel – International movement of hazardous

waste– ESM of hazardous waste– Following technical guidelines– Regional centres

Slide 20

Ensuring synergy

• Rotterdam– Controlling imports– Effective regulation & enforcement– Eliminating the most hazardous

pesticides– Sharing information about hazards

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Slide 21

Obsolete pesticides in Ethiopia

Slide 22

Case study: Ethiopia

• Identification of stocks• Export & destruction of obsolete

pesticides• Capacity building• Prevention through:

– Regulation– Improved management– Sustainable agriculture

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Slide 23

Case study: Ethiopia

• Basel ratification for waste export• Stockholm ratification for ASP engagement• Rotterdam ratification for effective

prevention• Focal point for 3 conventions on project

steering group• NIP inventory included in project inventory

Slide 24

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Slide 25

FAO Roles

• Interim joint secretariat for Rotterdam

• Obsolete pesticides programme• Pesticides management programme• Code of Conduct• EMPRES migratory pest programme• Global IPM Facility• Technical support focus for ASP

Slide 26

Summary

• ASP is a major chemicals (pesticides) management initiative for African countries

• Supports implementation of 3 chemical conventions

• Synergy with existing convention activities

• FAO plays a key role

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Group work Session 1 Seminar of the Coordinated Implementation of the Chemical/Wastes Multilateral Environmental Agreements Pretoria, 17-19 September 2003 Terms of Reference for breakout session I: 1. ORGANIZATION The participants will be divided into two/three groups to propose an appropriate solution to the current case. Each group will select a rapporter. The groups will be requested to discuss briefly the suggested questions and respond to them, taking into consideration different country situations (if fundamentally different approaches are revealed, there may be a value to provide them separately) 2. OBJECTIVES This session in intended to assess the current situation in countries in terms of coordinated chemical management and identify possible ways to solve a chemical related problem calling on the provisions of the conventions. 3. CASE DESCRIPTION A stock of chemicals is found near the northern border of your country. The information has been disclosed by the press and the government is now calling the departments to take appropriate actions to find more about the stock and handle it. 4. ISSUES TO CONSIDER/ADDRESS It is suggested to recognize and define the problem on the basis of countries’ experience.

o Could such a stockpile be present in the country without knowledge about the stockpile?

4.1 If no (the country has already identified all stockpiles) what department will have information?

o Would such information be available to all 3 focal points under normal conditions?

o After the announcement what actions may be taken considering the 3 conventions?

§ To confirm the stockpile composition § To find the current regulatory status of the product § To contain the stock

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§ To dispose of the stock (transportation, disposal etc…) 4.2 If yes what steps would be taken in most countries to address the problem? Institutional aspects

o Government agency that will be mandated o Is there a set procedure that will be taken up? o Does this procedure include all convention focal points?

Technical aspects

o Evaluation of the stock (how/who) o Identify the product (how/who) o Tracing the origins (how/who)

§ Has a notification been filed that could enlighten the undertakings? § Is there a procedure with border control that enables to find information? § Others?

o Providing recommendation to the authorities (how/who)

4.3 What steps could be taken to prevent build up of such a stock in the future? • Consider regulatory schemes or registration schemes to permit uses of chemicals • Use of the MEAs to prevent chemicals coming in.etc. 5. SUGGESTED OUTPUT OF WORKING GROUP The working group reports should contain a list of identified approaches, problems and coordination deficiencies that may exist in countries.

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Group 1 Members: Botswa na; Ethiopia; Nigeria; Tanzania and Uganda Proposed outline of strategies for coordinated implementation of chemicals & wastes/MEAs Critical Issues Strategies Activities I. National Level 1 Weak institutional arrangement.

Enhance/establish Institutional Arrangement

Carry Institutional analysis. Identifying/locate appropriate focal point or contact person. Institutional & human Resources capacity building. National Committee of Stakeholders.

2.Inadequate legislation Develop/up-date/amend Review the existing laws in light to the MEAs. Draft/enact. Promote/popularize capacity building. develop regulations/ directives/guidelines. Enforcement/compliance. Public awareness. Training of enforcement Officers. Promotion of self compliance.

3.Inadequate of technical capacity

Introduce/enhance capacity building of ESM

Training. Increase awareness. Seek/provide technical assistance. develop & put in place guidelines for different media. Undertake risk assessment. Develop chemical profile. Adopt/adapt CP, BAT & BEP activities.

4. Poor reporting & access to information

Develop national harmonized reporting/information system.

Review existing system. Develop & implement guidelines & reporting. Improve/develop

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reporting/information system

infrastructure for information, collection & dissemination. develop information materials. Increase public awareness

5. Insufficient financial Resources

Resource mobilization Program

Set –up waste/chemical funds. lobbing govt. to allocate fund for environmental program. Cost recovery scheme/taxes. Fund raising fund from industry/public. Co-finance. Seek donor funding. Tax Instrument on chemical

Inadequate Research & Development (R&D)

Develop/enhance R & D Review R & D. Develop Comprehensive R & D program. Document, Apply & disseminate R & D. Implemented result oriented enumeration for R & D.

II. Sub regional Level 1. Poor sub regional coordination

Improve collaboration Harmonization of laws/policy. Establish regional focal point. Improve exchange information, expertise & experiences. Creation of sub-regional websites. News letter, email, video, conferences. sensitization of policy makers. Develop programs / project.

III. International level Lack of coordination & collaboration

Improve coordination & collaboration. Promote ratification & Implementation of Conventions

Integration of activities at international level for the four conventions. Improve exchange of information. Integrated capacity building & training. Seek donor assistance for implementation.

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Group 2 Group members: Zimbabwe, Zambia, Seychelles, Kenya, Namibia National Level 1. Short term Initiate ratification of all three conventions Regular meeting of the task force Develop national chemical profile Review of existing legal framework Administrative arrangement Embark on chemical information exchange network SADC-PCB program Framework for donor support for environmental projects Identify regulatory control mechanism Creating public private partnerships for cooperation with respect to chemical safety and hazardous waste management National Level Medium term NIP’s program Domestication of the conventions Review of existing legal framework Framework for donor support for env. Projects Identify regulatory control mechanism National Level Long term Review of the institutional arrangement Framework for donor support for env. Projects Identify regulatory control mechanism Innovative awareness programs for stakeholders & decision makers Sub-regional Level Harmonization of legislations Harmonization and enforcement of present customs agreement Capacity building Regular feedback to regional centers (these can apply to short, medium and long term) International Assistance Financial assistance for small enterprises to deal with ESM Capacity building; awareness and education; technology transfer Cleaner production / technology transfer Speedy implementation of the recommendations of the NIPs

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Assist developing countries to implement the 10year strategic plan of the Base convention in term of both expertise and finance Strengthen regional centers for improved networking in the regions To enhance emergency preparedness and response nationally and regionally Capacity building nationally & regionally Group 3 Members: Malawi; Mauritius; Mozambique; South Africa; Swaziland; Lesotho Case study A stock off chemicals is found near the northern boarder of your country. The press has disclosed the information and government is now calling the departments to take actions to find more about the stock and handle it. Questions Issues Responses Could such stockpile be present in the country without knowledge about it

Notification Inventory or database Regulatory systems

Most countries answered Yes One country namely, Mauritius responded by saying NO

Would such information be available to all focal points – Mauritius Experience

Coordination Information exchange at national level Existence of register of hazardous pesticides

Customs personnel will know Ministry of health will also know since they issue permits The law on pesticides is in place Storage facilities for the pesticides due to be exported for purposes of environmentally sound disposal are there

If Yes, what steps would be taken in most countries to address the problem?

Lead agency Existence of procedure Cooperation between focal points

Most countries indicated that the ministry of environment will take the lead In some countries POPs and Basel Convetionsare under the same ministry while PIC is under the ministry of Agriculture. In Mauritius, Ministry of Health is the one coordinating PIC In few countries, the three conventions are being coordinated by one ministry, namely environment

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In one country, there exist committees that are charged with the responsibility of coordinating issues pertaining to chemicals and wastes as well as POPs, PIC and Basel Since the polluter pays principle is enshrined in the laws of most of the countries, the culprit if traced will be charged One country does not have legislation dealing with chemicals and wastes The group concluded that the procedures are in place, although they are not yet formalized in some countries

Technical aspects Identification Evaluation Reporting

Ministry of environment as the lead agency will facilitate identification by collecting samples and sending them to research centers or universities for analysis If the chemical is found to be a pesticide, the evaluation and reporting will be carried out by the ministry of agriculture, according to some countries While in some countries the ministry of environment carries out all the tasks including report writing In case where inter-ministerial committees are in existence, they prepare a report with recommendations as appropriate

Tracing the origin Notification systems Data storage and retrieval Involvement of customs officials

In some countries where regulatory systems are in place, it is possible to trace the origin. However, in the case of obsolete pesticides, it may not be possible to trace it. While in some especially those which

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do not have legislation it would not be possible to trace it Classification codes used by customs officials are mostly generic and as such could make tracing difficult

What steps could be taken to prevent build up of such a stock in future?

Regulatory systems Cooperation between neighbouring states MEAs

Development of regulatory systems in countries which lacks them Training of customs officials Enforcement of existing laws Networking among focal points nationally and regionally Inter-ministerial committees be established Ratification of /accession to relevant MEAs e.g. Rotterdam Convention be done asap

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The Life-cycle approach in Practice Coordinated Implementation of Multilateral Environmental Agreements on Chemicals and Wastes in Africa, September 17-19,2003, Pretoria Major Provisions in related chemical conventions 1. Import and Export Control (R, S & B) 2. Disposal (R&B) 3. Environmental releases (S) CONSULTATION PROCESS National Regional Intergovernmental Organizations OBJECTIVES OF THE PCB PROJECT Train government officials and owners Collect information and Develop databases Assist development of NIPs Coordinate NIPs into sub regional plans GUIDING PRINCIPLES Progressive phase out of PCBs Prevent further release of PCBs Improve operating conditions Prevent further imports of PCBs Evaluate viable disposal options Sub-regional integration NATIONAL APPROACH Formation of National Committee Regulatory,organizational and technical review Import and export controls Disposal Hazard Communication NEEDS Technical capacity Institutional Capacity Infrastructure Legal framework Financial resources EXPECTED OUTPUTS Inventories of PCBs (Stocks, equipment) Identified and registered stocks of PCBs safely stored Draft regulations Trained govt. officers and owners Regional harmonization Decision making instruments developed

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EXAMPLES OF HARMONISATION Inter Governmental Forum on Chemical safety (IFCS) Inter-organization program for the sound Management of chemicals (IOMC) BENEFITS Pool of expertise Leveraging of financial resources Harmonized approach Good example of synergies Inventories Disposal of PCBs Policy development Plenary IV Relationship of the Stockholm, Basel and Rotterdam Conventions : By: Vincent Jugault, Sheila Logan, and Fatou Ouane Opportunities to work together Overview Presentation will outline the common elements of the three Conventions Present common themes and potential interactions Aim of chemical management is to provide good ‘cradle-to-grave’ management Conventions cover production, use and destruction, and can cover lifecyle management Rotterdam Convention Chemicals that are banned or severely restricted by governments for health or environment reasons Severely Hazardous Pesticide Formulations causing problems in conditions of use in developing countries Information sharing on candidate chemicals promotes awareness Once chemicals are included, countries can decide to refuse imports based on their national decision Only covers movement of chemicals between Parties Stockholm Convention Covers chemicals identified as persistent organic pollutants. Actions on chemicals include elimination of production, use and release of POPs Trade limitations apply between Parties and non-Parties

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Basel Convention Broad coverage of wastes, including those classified as explosive, flammable, poisonous, infectious, corrosive and toxic Movement of chemicals only permitted between Parties Scope and coverage of the Conventions Candidate Chemicals – evaluation/regulation (PIC and POPS) Import/export control (PIC, POPs and Basel) Disposal (POPs and Basel) Hazard communications (PIC, POPs and Basel) Environmental releases (POPs) Other links, eg regional treaties Candidate chemicals PIC – Chemicals banned or severely restricted for health or environment reasons are notified, and if 2 valid notifications from 2 regions meet the criteria, the chemical can be included in the Convention POPs – assessment of chemicals must consider potential for them to be POPs against criteria (persistence, bioaccumulation, potential for long range transport and adverse effects) Import/Export controls Rotterdam Convention is a first line of defence Potentially large number of chemicals included Expect future POPs would be included in Rotterdam Convention following initial national bans enforces national decisions on import on a selection of hazardous chemicals only applies between Parties Import/Export controls (2) Stockholm Convention controls a smaller number of chemicals, but export controls are more stringent Only covers persistent organic pollutants (initially 12 chemicals) Parties cannot send chemicals to non-Parties Import/Export Control (3) Basel Convention covers movement of hazardous wastes Rotterdam Convention may ‘catch’ wastes packaged and labelled as chemicals Both work to prevent and reduce stockpiles Try to fight illegal traffic Help support national customs programmes, but don’t eliminate the need for national programmes Import/Export Control (4) Three conventions should be implemented consistently. Some monitoring of international movement may be possible with harmonised customs codes

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Waste management (1) Rotterdam Convention may minimise waste generation by stopping import of unwanted or unusable chemicals Stockholm aims to destroy POPs as a priority Important to use destruction techniques which do not produce more POPs – environmentally sound disposal Technical guidelines needed for management of POPs wastes – currently under development in Basel Convention Waste Management (2) Important to prevent creation of POPs (dioxins and furans) in normal waste management Sources include: Waste incinerators (municipal, hazardous, medical, sewage sludge) Cement kilns firing hazardous waste Open burning of waste Waste management (3) Basel Convention is developing technical guidelines covering: PCBs Dioxins Furans Other hazardous wastes These may be used in Stockholm Convention Common features Technical Assistance Technology Transfer Financial Mechanisms Regional Centres National Implementation Plans General policy development Technical assistance/Technology transfer PIC – Article 16 Parties cooperate in providing assistance, including capacity building POPs bilateral technical assistance Other technical assistance as agreed by the COP Technology transfer Regional Centres Financial mechanism Rotterdam Convention informal Stockholm Convention GEF

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Other sources of funds Basel Convention Technical Cooperation Trust Fund Financial Mechanism A way of leveraging resources Funding provided in POPs for control of production, import and use, disposal and waste disposal technologies Funds also available for national implementation plans Can include elements of implementing Rotterdam Convention in the NIP. Regional Centres Established by the Basel Convention Required by the Stockholm Convention Not required for Rotterdam Convention Possibility in the interim period to access Basel Centres for the Stockholm Convention Basel Regional Centres Working together General international support for related conventions to look for opportunities to work together ‘Chemicals and Waste Cluster’ identified Agreement to encourage conventions to work together taken in Cartagena (GMEF), February 2001 Endorsed by WSSD First steps include looking at administrative and policy linkages Working together (2) Practical activities already underway Common workshops on the 3 Conventions Consistent information from Secretariats Workshops on each Convention include information on coordinated implementation NIPs guidance reference Rotterdam and Basel Conventions and encourages implementation Summary Framework for life cycle management Leveraged resources Strengthened programmes for chemicals management Global/regional/national levels Sharing experience and information Efficient resource use

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Slide 1

Session 2 1

Relationship of the Stockholm, Basel and Rotterdam

Conventions:

Opportunities to work together

Slide 2

Session 2 2

Overview

• Presentation will outline the commonelements of the three Conventions– Present common themes and potential interactions

• Aim of chemical & waste management is to provide good ‘cradle-to-grave’ management

• Conventions cover the environmentally soundlife cycle management from production, shipping as product, use, shipping as wasteand destruction

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Slide 3

Session 2 3

Rotterdam Convention

• Chemicals that are banned or severely restricted by governments for health or environment reasons

• Severely Hazardous Pesticide Formulations causingproblems in conditions of use in developing countries

• Information sharing on candidate chemicals promotesawareness

• Once chemicals are included, countries can decide to refuse imports based on their national decision

• Only covers movement of chemicals between Parties

Slide 4

Session 2 4

Stockholm Convention

• Covers chemicals identified as persistent organic pollutants.

• Actions on chemicals include eliminationof production, use and release of POPs

• Trade limitations apply between Parties and non-Parties

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Slide 5

Session 2 5

Basel Convention

• Broad coverage of wastes, including those classified as explosive, flammable, poisonous, infectious, corrosive and toxic

• Movement of chemicals only permittedbetween Parties

Slide 6

Session 2 6

Scope and coverage of the Conventions

• Candidate Chemicals (PIC, POPs, Basel)• Import/export control (PIC, POPs and

Basel)• ESM (POPs and Basel)• Hazard communications (PIC, POPs and

Basel)• Environmental releases (POPs)• Other links, eg regional treaties

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Slide 7

Session 2 7

Candidate chemicals

• PIC – Chemicals banned or severely restricted for health or environment reasons are notified, and if 2 valid notifications from 2 regions meet the criteria, the chemical can be included in the Convention

• POPs – assessment of chemicals must considerpotential for them to be POPs against criteria(persistence, bioaccumulation, potential for long range transport and adverse effects)

• Basel – all PIC and POPs chemicals as waste are covered by Basel

Slide 8

Session 2 8

Import/Export controls

• Rotterdam Convention is a first line ofdefence– Potentially large number of chemicals included– Expect future POPs would be included in

Rotterdam Convention following initial national bans

– enforces national decisions on import on a selection of hazardous chemicals

– only applies between Parties

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Slide 9

Session 2 9

Import/Export controls (2)

• Stockholm Convention controls a smaller number of chemicals, but export controls are more stringent– Only covers persistent organic pollutants

(initially 12 chemicals)– Parties cannot send chemicals to non-

Parties

Slide 10

Session 2 10

Import/Export Control (3)

• Basel Convention covers movement ofhazardous wastes

• Rotterdam Convention may ‘catch’ wastespackaged and labelled as chemicals

• Both work to prevent and reduce stockpiles• Prevention of illegal traffic• Help support national customs programmes,

but don’t eliminate the need for national programmes

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Slide 11

Session 2 11

Import/Export Control (4)

• Three conventions should be implemented consistently and in a coordinated manner,

• The monitoring of international movements ofthe three MEAs chemicals and wastes may bepossible through the use of the harmonisedsystem of the WCO (however not universal)

Slide 12

Session 2 12

ESM (1)

• Rotterdam Convention may minimise wastegeneration by stopping import of unwantedor unusable chemicals

• Stockholm aims to destroy POPs as a priority– Obligations to use destruction techniques which

do not produce more POPs – environmentallysound disposal

• Technical guidelines needed for esm of POPswastes – currently under development in Basel Convention

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Slide 13

Session 2 13

ESM (2)

• Important to prevent creation of POPs(dioxins and furans) in normal wastemanagement

• Sources include:– Waste incinerators (municipal, hazardous,

medical, sewage sludge)– Cement kilns firing hazardous waste– Open burning of waste

Slide 14

Session 2 14

ESM (3)

• Basel Convention is developing technicalguidelines covering:– PCBs– Pesticides– Dioxins and Furans– Other hazardous wastes

• These may be used in Stockholm Convention

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Slide 15

Session 2 15

Common features

• Technical Assistance• Technology Transfer• Financial Mechanisms• Regional Centres• National Implementation Plans• General policy development

Slide 16

Session 2 16

Technical assistance/Technology transfer• PIC – Article 16

– Parties cooperate in providing assistance, including capacity building

• POPs– bilateral technical assistance– Other technical assistance as agreed by the COP– Technology transfer– Regional Centres

• Basel– Parties cooperate in providing assistance including

capacity building, in particular to BCRCs andemergency fund

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Slide 17

Session 2 17

Financial mechanism

• Rotterdam Convention– informal

• Stockholm Convention– GEF– Other sources of funds

• Basel Convention– Technical Cooperation Trust Fund

Slide 18

Session 2 18

Financial Mechanism

• A way of leveraging resources• Funding provided in POPs for control of

production, import and use, disposaland waste disposal technologies

• Funds also available for national implementation plans– Can include elements of implementing

Rotterdam Convention in the NIP.

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Slide 19

Session 2 19

Regional Centres

• Established by the Basel Convention• Required by the Stockholm Convention• Not required for Rotterdam Convention• Possibility in the interim period to

access Basel Centres for the Stockholm Convention

Slide 20

Session 2 20

Basel Regional Centres

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Slide 21

Session 2 21

Working together

• General international support for relatedconventions to look for opportunities to worktogether

• ‘Chemicals and Waste Cluster’ identified• Agreement to encourage conventions to work

together taken in Cartagena (GMEF), February 2001

• Endorsed by WSSD• First steps include looking at administrative

and policy linkages

Slide 22

Session 2 22

Working together (2)

• Practical activities already underway– Common workshops on the 3 Conventions– Consistent information from Secretariats– Workshops on each Convention include

information on coordinated implementation– NIPs guidance reference Rotterdam and

Basel Conventions and encourages implementation

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Slide 23

Session 2 23

Summary

• Framework for life cycle management• Leveraged resources• Strengthened programmes for

chemicals management• Global/regional/national levels

– Sharing experience and information– Efficient resource use

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Plenary V COORDINATED IMPLEMENTATION OF MULTILATERAL ENVIRONMENT AGREEMENTS ON CHEMICALS & WASTES NIGERIA COUNTRY REPORT Prepared for the Sub-Regional Workshop on the Co-coordinated Implementation on Multilateral Environment Agreements (MEAs) on Chemicals & Wastes, held in Pretoria, South Africa; 17-19 September 2003. MAIN ISSUES

• Adoption of an integrated approach to the implementation of the chemicals-related meas

• Mechanism of promoting cooperation and coordination amongst focal point of the respective conventions

• Procedure for identification of opportunities for developing pilot projects on esm of hazardous chemicals and wastes in selected countries

Relevant MEAs and status of Nigeria

• Stockholm convention on pops – signed in 2001 • Basel convention on the control of transboundary movements of hazardous

wastes and their disposal – ratified in 1991 • Rotterdam convention on the prior informed consent procedure for certain

hazardous chemicals and pesticides in international trade – ratified in 2001 The scope and coverage of the conventions though varied, have similar areas such as POPs and many other pesticides. In view of the cross sectoral issues and the inter-relatedness of the MEAs therefore, the need for a synergistic and coordinated approach in the implementation of the three MEAs has become paramount.

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Elements of an integrated approach to the implementation of the MEAs Contact person for each convention. Focal Point should be institution-based Adoption of life-cycle principle as instrument of planning and management of chemical products & hazardous waste An autonomous agency or secretariat to coordinate activities relating to the implementation of MEAs Setting up national coordination committee Existing regional coordinating centers in Nigeria, South Africa, Senegal & Egypt to facilitate the coordination of the three MEAs Domestication of the MEAs Harmonization of classification and labelling of chemicals Strengthening of information exchange network on chemicals & waste management Setting up a network system at national and subregional levels for the prevention and monitoring of chemical products & waste management. Promoting cooperation amongst focal points of MEAs Designation of contact persons in each focal point Institution and formulation of thematic workgroups among the focal points in a region Establishment of website with satellite and designation of thematic groups to serve as filters and to give authenticity and reliability on information pertaining to chemicals management Develop joint projects and activities addressing the objectives of at least two MEAs Regular meetings and arrangements of study tours among focal points to faclitate exchange of ideas International support for building the capacity of enforcement/regulatory officers involved in the implementation of the MEAs in the subregion Provide infrastructure and sufficient resources to support DNAs and focal points Challenges in developing pilot projects • Identify priority needs • Focus on activities with spill-over and multiplier effects • Obtain information on on-going/planned activities of other international actors • Consider various funding agencies • Access information exchange network on capacity building Chemicals management in Nigeria Chemicals management. in Nigeria is guided by international and national legal instruments e.g. international chemical conventions

• Stockholm Convention on POPs – signed in 2001 • Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of

Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal – ratified in 1991

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• Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent (PIC) Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade – ratified in 2001

• Bamako Convention on the Ban of the Import into Africa and the Control of Trans boundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes within Africa – adopted in 1991 and is currently in the process of ratification

NATIONAL LEGAL INSTRUMENTS INCLUDE: • Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) Decree 58 of 1988 (as

amended by Decree 59 of 1992 ) • National Food and Drug Administration Control (NAFDAC) Decree 15 of

1993 (as amended by Decree 19 of 1999) • NAFDAC S.I. 10 OF 1996 for Pesticides Registration Regulation

Regulations S.I. 8 and S.I.9 of 1999 which are the National Effluent Regulations and Pollution Abatement in Industries and Facility Generating Wastes Regulations. These regulations make it mandatory for facilities to install anti-pollution equipment. These regulations also deal with the release of toxic substances, monitoring of pollution limits, unusual accidental discharges, contingency plan machinery for combating pollution, permissible limits, safety workers, sample application for waste disposal/discharge permits. Regulations S.I.15 of 1991 for the management of Solid and Hazardous Wastes. The regulation contains the functions of relevant government institutions and industries in ensuring environmentally-sound management of hazardous wastes.

• National Guidelines and Standards for Environmental Pollution Control in Nigeria, 19991.

• Factories Act 1990, Occupational Health and Safety • Customs & Excise Act. 1990 • Guidelines on Underground injection of wastes, 1999 • Decree 86 on EIA • Petroleum Act, 1990

Institutional framework The management of chemicals in Nigeria is cross-sectoral with the following four organisations being the major players;

• Federal Ministry of Environment (FMENV) • National agency for food and drug administration and control (NAFDAC) • Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, and Federal Ministry of Health

Similar organizations exist at the state and local government levels with similar responsibilities.

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The federal institutions have state or zonal offices through which their activities are taken to the states and l.g.as. INSTITUTIONAL ROLES FEDERAL MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT

• Lead Ministry in charge of protecting the Country’s environment against chemical- induced and other risks and has the following mandates, amongst others;

• Designated National Authority(DNA) and focal point for the three MEAs; and Intergovernmental Forum on Chemical Safety(IFCS)

NAFDAC Has full legal responsibility to control and regulate food, drugs, cosmetics, medical devices, bottled water and chemicals including pesticides FMARD Responsible for collecting and disseminating information on pesticide management to farmers, through its Livestock and Pest Control Department FMH Responsible for Public Health Issues including vector control related to malaria and other domestic pests LABORATORIES The main laboratories with analytical chemistry capability which conduct residue analysis, identify unknown substances and monitor for possible adverse effects are in some government ministries, industries, universities and private entities. SOME NATIONAL PROGRAMMES CHEMICAL TRACKING PROGRAMME which uses the ‘Cradle to Grave’ strategy to ensure the safe handling, storage and disposal of imported chemicals. It involves a tracking procedure, which includes physical examination, sampling and analysis of imported chemicals into the country, to prevent banned and expired chemicals/ pesticides and hazardous wastes.

• Industrial compliance monitoring • Management of locally generated solid and hazardous waste • Environmental impact assessment • Eenvironmental information management • Interministerial committees and coordinating mechanisms • Standing committee on PIC import decisions

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• National committee on ozone depleting substances, and National council on environment

• Various NGOs e.g. Agroman, Weed Science of Nigeria, Farmer’s Council of Nigeria, National Industrial Safety Council also play important roles in the management and effective use of chemicals including pesticides in Nigeria.

Some barriers to the coordinated implementation of the MEAs

• Lack of specific & harmonised chemicals legislation • Overlapping functions amongst agencies • Poor information exchange network • Poor enforcement due to inadequate financial and technical capacity • Inadequate coordination among institutions, NGOs etc.

SPECIFIC ACTION POINTS TO ENHANCE THE COORDINATED IMPLEMENTATION OF THE THREE MEAs IN NIGERIA

• Re-enforce our vigilance at the country’s entry points to monitor illegal trafficking and transboundary movement of POPs and hazardous substances.

• Develop technical capacity of our security agencies on permitting requirements, and classification of hazardous substances

• Strengthen/upgrade public and private sector analytical facility to identify these substances.

• Develop/enhance our national information systems and information exchange network amongst the stakeholders.

• Develop, strengthen and update our national data base on industrial hazardous chemicals.

• Sensitize decision makers to develop political will and commitment for the attainment of the objectives of the conventions.

• Provide infra-structural facilities for effective disposal of hazardous chemicals

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CHEMICAL CONVENTIONS AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (SD) By Kwadwo Tutu, UN Economic Commission for Africa, Addis Ababa. Purpose of Conventions: The main objective of these conventions is to have a sound management of the chemicals by countries. Countries are expected to ratify the Conventions not for their own sake but because they are necessary. A sound management of the chemical is a necessary condition for the sustainable development of countries. In building synergies and coordination among these related conventions, efficiency is obtained and resources are optimised. Sustainable Development Definition: It is development that ensures that future generations are not affected adversely so that development can be ensured perpetually. This means that any development strategy that impacts negatively on future development will not be sustainable because it will be lower than the current rate of development. This concept pertains more importantly to development that depends upon the use of natural resources, especially the ones that are depletable. The reason is that the resources are not adequately costed. For Sustainable Development to occur, at least two conditions must exist:

• That we maximize enough returns in the utilization of resources using current technology. An example is minerals, such as gold. If depletable gold reserves are exploited, it is necessary to ensure that enough processing is done to create employment and earn more revenues. If this is not done, then maximum returns are not reaped to achieve sustainability.

• Part of the net revenues must be invested in profitable ventures for future

growth. If part of the net returns is not invested and all of them are consumed then the activity is not sustainable since there will not be resources to assure same development in the future when the resources would have been depleted.

For development to be sustainable, therefore, it is necessary to ensure economic, social and environmental sustainability. Reasons why Sustainable Development is seen in the light of the Social, Economic and Environmental. Social sustainability is important because if economic growth leads to more poverty, as it happened with the Structural Adjustment Programs, then in future, people cannot produce as much as they are producing now, 20 years in the future. There could be other costs

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resulting from poverty, such as, ill-health, children becoming social misfits because poor parents cannot educate them. Environmental: Most of the environmental costs of our actions today occur in the future. Deforestation or impact of arsenic poisoning now would occur in the next 10-20 years time. If part of net returns is not set aside then when these impacts occur, there will be no planned resources to take care of them. Sometimes, the extent of these impacts may not have been properly factored into the current activity and hence not properly budgeted. So although part of the net returns might be set aside, they will not be enough to take care of the future impacts and SD will not occur. Why Concept of SD has been important? Poverty Increase: African countries undertook Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) in the 1980s and 1990s which did not end in sustained development. Some countries experienced economic growth but the recent replacement of SAPs by Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) is an admission that poverty increased during the period. It means there was growth but the distribution of the growth was skewed, hence no development. Few people benefited from the growth. Environmental Degredation: Also it was recognised that the growth in most countries was spearheaded by increased utilization of natural resources such as land, minerals, forests and energy causing fast deple tion of resources due to lack of processing, degradation including deforestation, pollution of air and water. The reason why lack of prudent Environmental management is not sustainable is that in most cases, the cost of environmental degradation as itemised above far outweighs the current returns to those economic activities, especially if they were not already factored into the strategy. Hence there will be less resources in the future to ensure current rates of growth. Chemicals management: The WSSD in Johannesburg stressed the issue of prudent chemical management to be paramount to the Sustainable Development for Africa. The reason is that in Africa, chemicals are not properly managed and consequently, there is misapplication of chemicals. Also considerable quantities of stockpiles of obsolete chemicals exist in Africa while sometimes dumping of toxic chemicals occurs. Impact of chemical mismanagement Apart from the dumping of obsolete toxic chemicals in African countries that has an immediate negative environmental and health impacts, the misuse of chemicals also have some negative impacts. There are two impacts of mismanagement of chemicals.

• Most of these chemicals pollute receiving media, such as water, air and soils.

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• Since the chemicals cost money, mismanagement also implies that resources are not efficiently utilized.

Chemicals that pollute the soils have two impacts:

• They go through the food chain and depending upon the degree of toxicity and extent of pollution would cause ill-health to humans and other biodiversity. This will reduce the productive capacity of the people and cost money in addressing the ill-health. Addressing the pollution will also cost money and will reduce the extent of production

• If the pollution is such that land is rendered useless for agricultural activity, that also will reduce total production and hence output.

Chemicals that pollute air and water will also cause ill-health depending on the degree of toxicity. This will reduce total output as argued above. Importance of proper chemical management: The conventions are meant to ensure adequate management of chemicals to minimize the adverse financial, environmental and health impact. They will then ensure sustainable development

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FIELD EXPERIENCE IN IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MULTILATERAL ENVIRONMENTAL AGREEMENTS (MEAs) ON CHEMICALS AND WASTES IN TANZANIA By Mr. Issaria M Mangalili, Division of Environment, Vice President’s Office MEAs RATIFICATION STATUS SUCCESSES IN IMPLEMENTATION OF MEAs ACTIVITIES DONE PRIOR TO RATIFICATION OF BASEL AND BAMAKO CONVENTION

• Inventory of industrial waste in Dar es Salaam • Incineration of DNOC through Cement kiln • Inventory of hospital hazardous waste management, Dar es Salaam • Inventory of Obsolete pesticides and veterinary waste • Assessment of feasibility and viability of using cement kiln in incinerating

of Hazardous Waste. ACTIVITIES DONE PRIOR TO RATIFICATION OF BASEL AND BAMAKO CONVENTION

• Cleaner Production Initiatives • Organize Seminar on Hazardous Waste Management for the Parliamentary

Committee for Environment and Senior Government Officials • Organize regional training seminar on transboundary Movement of

Hazardous Waste for Customs, Port and Law Enforcement Officers ACTIVITIES DONE PRIOR TO RATIFICATION OF ROTTERDAM CONVENTION

• Assessment and review of National Profile of chemicals • Development of the new Industrial and Consumer Chemicals (Management

and Control) Act 2003 • Review of Plant Protection Act of 1997 • Establishment of DNAs for Pesticides and for Industrial & Consumer

Chemicals • Establishment of Emergence Response Committee

ACTIVITIES DONE PRIOR TO SIGNING OF STOCKHOLM CONVENTION NIP development

• Inception Workshop • Training on POPs inventory procedures • Establishment of a National Coordination Committee • Conduct countrywide inventories of POPs

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• Review of POPs inventory report by UNIDO experts • Conduct POPs validation workshop (POPs priority assessment)

ISSUES TO BE CONSIDERED IN RATIFYING MEAs

• Institutional Capacity • Effective use of resources • Scientific information of exchange • Ease implementation of MEAs obligations • Formulate and / review of legislations • Formulate guidelines for management of hazardous chemicals and wastes

CONSTRAINTS, BARRIERS AND CHALLENGE AHEAD

• Some of decision makers, customs officers, industrial workers, Storekeepers, agricultural workers and community at large are unaware of health hazards of the chemicals they exposed to

• Insufficient capacity of the Designated National Authorities for the implementation and enforcement of the MEAs

• There is inadequacy of legislation for Municipal solid waste as well as hazardous waste management

• Lack of financial resources for assisting monitoring and enforcement of existing sectoral legislation

RECOMMENDATIONS AND FUTURE PLANS

• Legal framework for environment management study is underway • To build technical capacity in hazardous waste management for different

levels of personnel • To conduct a comprehensive inventory of waste streams • To develop waste management data base and strategies • To review the state of Environment • Strengthen coordination mechanism for monitoring and overseeing the

implementation of MEAs

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Slide 1

FIELD EXPERIENCE IN IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MULTILATERAL ENVIRONMENTAL

AGRREEMENTS (MEAs) ON CHEMICALS AND WASTES IN TANZANIA

By Mr. Issaria M Mangalili

Division of Environment, Vice President’s Office

Slide 2

MEAs RATIFICATION STATUS

Ratified August 2002Rotterdam

Signed May 2001Stockholm

Ratified April 1993Basel

Ratified April 1993Bamako

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Slide 3

SUCCESSES IN IMPLEMENTATION OF MEAs

ACTIVITIES DONE PRIOR TO RATIFICATION OF BASEL AND BAMAKO CONVENTION

- Inventory of industrial waste in Dar es Salaam- Incineration of DNOC through Cement kiln- Inventory of hospital hazardous waste management, Dar es

Salaam- Inventory of Obsolete pesticides and veterinary waste- Assessment of feasibility and viability of using cement kiln

in incinerating of Hazardous Waste

Slide 4

ACTIVITIES DONE PRIOR TO RATIFICATION OF BASEL AND BAMAKO CONVENTION

• Cleaner Production Initiatives• Organize Seminar on Hazardous Waste Management for

the Parliamentary Committee for Environment and Senior Government Officials

• Organize regional training seminar on transboundaryMovement of Hazardous Waste for Customs, Port and Law Enforcement Officers

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Slide 5

ACTIVITIES DONE PRIOR TO RATIFICATION OF ROTTERDAM CONVENTION

• Assessment and review of National Profile of chemicals• Development of the new Industrial and Consumer

Chemicals (Management and Control) Act 2003• Review of Plant Protection Act of 1997• Establishment of DNAs for Pesticides and for Industrial &

Consumer Chemicals• Establishment of Emergence Response Committee

Slide 6

ACTIVITIES DONE PRIOR TO SIGNING OF STOCKHOLM CONVENTION

NIP development- Inception Workshop- Training on POPs inventory procedures- Establishment of a National Coordination Committee- Conduct countrywide inventories of POPs - Review of POPs inventory report by UNIDO experts- Conduct POPs validation workshop (POPs priority

assessment)

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Slide 7

ISSUES TO BE CONSIDERED IN RATIFYING MEAs

- Institutional Capacity- Effective use of resources- Scientific information of exchange- Ease implementation of MEAs obligations- Formulate and / review of legislations- Formulate guidelines for management of hazardous

chemicals and wastes

Slide 8

CONSTRAINTS, BARRIERS AND CHALLENGE AHEAD

• Some of decision makers, customs officers, industrial workers, Storekeepers, agricultural workers and community at large are unaware of health hazards of the chemicals they exposed to

• Insufficient capacity of the Designated National Authorities for the implementation and enforcement of theMEAs

• There is inadequacy of legislation for Municipal solid waste as well as hazardous waste management

• Lack of financial resources for assisting monitoring and enforcement of existing sectoral legislation

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Slide 9

RECOMMENDATIONS AND FUTURE PLANS

• Legal framework for environment management study is underway

• To build technical capacity in hazardous waste management for different levels of personnel

• To conduct a comprehensive inventory of waste streams • To develop waste management data base and strategies• To review the state of Environment • Strengthen coordination mechanism for monitoring and

overseeing the implementation of MEAs

Slide 10

THANK YOU

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Terms of Reference for Working Group II:

On the basis of discussions and reports of Working Groups I, participants are invited to develop an outline of a strategy proposal for coordinated implementation of chemicals / wastes MEAs at national and sub-regional levels. The following questions can be used as guidance: National level

1. What steps should be taken in the short and long terms to improve and enhance coordination and joint implementation of MEAs in the country?

2. How to ensure that joint activities and projects receive sufficient support from decision makers?

Subregional level

3. How could efforts of countries of the subregion be coordinated to help address their common problems (i.e. illegal trade and traffic)?

4. How to use the results and findings of the ongoing regional projects that address the objectives of two or more MEAs in other countries of the subregion? Which projects could be replicated?

5. How to improve the exchange of experiences and information in relation to the implementation of MEAs in the subregion?

International assistance

6. What are the priority areas of assistance from international organizations with a view to promoting the environmentally sound management of chemicals/wastes at national and subregional level (capacity building, training)?

7. What could be done at national levels to bring these issues to the attention of decision makers?

The group must consider the obligations of the conventions, and identify the solutions to the problems identified during working group session I (report of working session I). The following elements must be considered (please note that this list is not exhaustive):

1. Institutional arrangement a) How can focal points support each other b) Information exchange mechanism(s) to keep each other abreast of the

other conventions progress 2. Legislation

a) Amending / Drafting of regulations b) Regulatory controls (production, use, import, export, labeling, illegal

traffic, tariffs) c) Enforcement

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3. Technical issues

a) Environmentally sound management b) Risk assessment c) Cleaner production, Best Available Techniques, Best Environmental

Practices d) Technology transfer

4. Reporting and Information a) Reporting to convention secretariat b) Information dissemination c) Public awareness raising d) Listing of chemicals under the convention

5. Cross-cutting issues a) Research and Development b) Financial and technical resources c) Others

The Working Groups’ reports will be in the form of an outline of approaches for coordinated implementation of the conventions including a list of activities to be undertaken jointly. Plenary VI Report from Working Groups on the second session Proposal for Coordinated Implementation of chemicals /wastes MEA´s at National and Sub-regional levels

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Group 1 Members

1. Botswana 2. Ethiopia 3. Nigeria 4. Tanzania 5. Uganda

Proposed outline of strategies for coordinated implementation of chemicals & wastes/MEAs

I. National Level Critical Issues Strategies Activities 1 Weak institutional Enhance/establish Carryout Institutional arrangement Institutional analysis Arrangement Identifying/locate

appropriate focal point or contact person

. Institutional & human resources capacity building

. National Committee of Stakeholders

. strengthen exchange 2. Inadequate legislation Develop/up-date/amend Review the existing

laws in light to the MEAs

. Draft/enact . Implementation . Promote/popularize

. capacity building

. Develop regulations/ directives/guidelines

Enforcement/compliance Public awareness Training on enforcement Promotion of self compliance and enforcement

3. Inadequate technical Introduce / enhance . Training capacity capacity building of ESM . Increase awareness

. Seek/provide technical assistance

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. Develop & put in place guidelines for different media

. Undertake risk assessment

. Develop chemical profile

. Adopt/adapt CP, BAT & BEP activities

4. Poor reporting & Develop national harmonized Review existing system access to information reporting/information system. Develop & implement

guidelines & reporting . Improve/develop

infrastructure for information , collection & dissemination

. Develop information materials

. Increase public awareness

5. Insufficient financial Resource mobilization Set –up waste/chemical funds Resources Program lobbing govt. to allocate fund

for environmental program Cost recovery scheme/taxes

Fund raising fund from Industry / public

Co-finance Seek donor funding Tax Instrument on chemical 6. Inadequate Research Develop/enhance R & D . Review R & D & development . Develop

Comprehensive R & D program

. Document, apply & disseminate R & D

. Implemented result oriented enumeration for R & D

II. Sub regional Level Critical Issues Strategies Activities 1. Poor sub regional Improve collaboration Harmonization of laws/policy

Coordination Improve exchange information, expertise & experiences

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. Creation of subregional websites

. News letter, email, video, conferences

. Sensitization of policy makers Develop programs / project

III. International level Critical Issues Strategies Activities Lack of coordination Improve coordination Integration of & collaboration & collaboration activities at

international level for the four conventions Improve exchange of information Integrated capacity building & training

Promote ratification &

Increase awareness to policy makers

Implementation of Seek donor assistance for conventions implementation

Group 2: Zambia, Zimbabwe, Seychelles, Namibia and Kenya 1. National Steps to be taken in short and long term to improve and enhance coordination and joint implementation.

o Identify national focal points and institute and encourage coordination among the Focal Points.

o Develop National Committee of Stakeholders o Need to ratify/Accede to the three conventions. o Establish inter-ministerial committees. o Review/promulgate/harmonize/amend legislation. Develop the best mechanisms

for domestication of the 3 conventions. o Take inventories e.g stocks of obsoletes pesticides (these could be POP´s at the

same time waste.) Support ongoing SADC PCB program o Develop national chemical profile o Develop NIP´s. o Develop institutional capacity (financial, infrastructure and human resources. o Awareness raising among relevant stakeholders. o Capacity building: training, resource, research and development o Develop national harmonized reporting/information system

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o Embark on chemical information exchange network o Seek co-finance options with donor funding o Lobby decision makers to support amongst others the following initiatives:

§ Awareness campaign for decision makers/politicians . § Seek assistance from donors to lobby for support of decision

makers/politicians. § Involve all stakeholders to increase awareness.

o Creating public private partnerships for cooperation with respect to chemical safety and hazardous waste management

2. Inclusion of all the three chemical conventions at the every meeting/workshop of any of the conventions.

Sub-regional level Effort of countries of the sub region to be coordinated in order to help address problems through the

• Use of existing structures such as SADC, AU, etc. • Use of bilateral and multilateral agreements • Improvement and coordination and tracking the movement of

chemicals/hazardous wastes. • Improve the use of the results and findings of ongoing regional projects by

employing the existing information exchange mechanisms including the Basel regional centers to disseminate this information.

Improve collaboration through the following activities:

• Harmonization of laws/policy • Establish regional focal point • Improve exchange information, expertise & experiences • Creation of sub-regional websites, newsletter, email, video, conferences • Sensitization of policy makers • Develop joint programs / project

International

• Priority areas of assistance o Capacity building in terms of:

§ Training (short and long term). § Technical (research, risk assessment, etc). § Financial § Infrastructures § Cleaner production § Technology transfer

o Enabling speedy implementation of the recommendations of the NIPs o Enhancement of emergency preparedness and response nationally and

regionally o Strengthening of the regional centers for improved networking in the regions

• Awareness raising:

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o Among decision makers: Use the channels of communication applicable at national levels e.g memorandum, cabinet papers, reports, seminars/workshops etc

• Improve coordination and integration of activities at international level for the four

conventions (Basel, Bamako, Rotterdam and Stockholm) ensuring integrated national and regional delivery.

• Assist developing countries to implement the 10-year strategic plan of the Basel

convention in term of both expertise and finance.

Other Recommendations

• To support the BCRCs as regional delivery mechanisms for the SC, RC, BC and as a combination of the will of the parties.

• Encourage countries to work closely with BCRC. • Strengthen the co-ordination between the financial mechanisms of the three conventions. • To involved the AU and NEPAD in the chemical and waste management programme. • To strengthen the African network of scientists.

Group no 3 Lesotho, Mozambique, Malawi, Swaziland, South Africa, Mauritius National level

• Steps to be taken in short and long term to improve and enhance coordination and joint implementation.

• Identify national focal points, institute and coordination among the Focal Points.

• Need to ratify/Accede to the three conventions. • Establish inter-ministerial committees. • Review/promulgate/harmonize/amend legislation. • Take inventories e.g stocks of obsoletes pesticides (these could be POP´s at

the same time waste.) • Develop NIPs. • Develop institutional capacity (financial, infrastructure and human

resources. • Awareness raising among relevant stakeholders.

Sub regional level Effort of countries of the sub region to be coordinated in order to help address problems. 1. Use of existing structures such as SADC, AU, etc. 2. Use of bilateral and multilateral agreements 3. Improve and coordinate tracking the movement of chemicals/hazardous wastes. 4. How to use the results and findings of ongoing regional projects Use existing information exchange mechanisms including the use of the Basel Convention Regional Centers to disseminate this information.

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5 Create possible ways of improving information exchange e.g. internet/e-mails International Assistance Priority areas of assistance

• Capacity building • Training (short and long term). • Technical (research, risk assessment, etc). • Financial • Infrastructures

Bringing the issue to the attention of decision makers Use the channels of communication applicable at national levels e.g memorandum, cabinet papers, reports, seminars/workshops etc Intensify education and public awareness and chemicals management CONCLUSION In conclusion, the need for adequate funding of multilateral projects such as the ASP, especially to build the required national capacity and execute identified actions cannot be overemphasized. Funding has been a major constraint in the implementation of the following projects and programmes in Nigeria: Chemical Tracking and Toxic dump watch Enforcement of environmental regulations and monitoring industrial compliance Public awareness and education programmes Development of database and information exchange network.

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INFORMATION EXCHANGE ON INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS IN THE SOUTHERN AFRICAN REGION Presented by J. Goede, 17 – 19 September 2003, Pretoria, South Africa) Submitting country response slow, because:

• Industrial chemicals have no central registration/ notification process • Extensive environmental law reform in progress

Several departments involved: Trade, Health, Foreign Affairs, Water, Agriculture while Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism is the DNA Current networks in Southern Africa: SADC 14 countries have two experts SADC general information exchange project launched recently. Relevant government departments network through NEDLAC with NGO, labor, business

inputs Conferences (WSSD, 5th session on POPs) Fund for Research into Industrial Development, Growth and Equity (FRIDGE) studies with multistakeholder steering committee (Labor, NGO, Business, government) FRIDGE projects include: Socio-economic impact of Asbestos phase-out in SA - Information exchange project Globally Harmonized System. Several others: NEPAD- "Framework for the Action Plan for the Environmental Initiative" Health and Environment crosscutting theme includes Industrial waste and pollution, Pesticide poisoning, POPs and Stockpile of obsolete pesticides Governments research institutes and bodies

• Medical Research Council, Council for Scientific Industrial Research, • Agricultural Research Council • Industry associations like Chemical and Allied Industries' Association, • Petroleum Industry Association • Chamber of Mines

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Agenda Submitting country response Progress in South Africa Current networks in Southern Africa Banned restricted substances Case studies: - Crocidolite and other Asbestos - Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) Progress in South Africa

• Ratified Rotterdam Convention 2002 • Awareness raising during WSSD 2002 Johannesburg • POP's National Implementation Plan launch February 2003 • Planned NIP for PlC later 2003/4; 2003 workshop on implementation on

Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS)- South Africa and Zambia

Banned/ restricted substances South Africa or regions Aldrin- withdrawn 1992 Arsenic- inorganic: banned 1983 except citrus use Atrazine- banned 1977; industrial use 1995 Binapacryl- no registrations since 1988 Chlordane- 1993 except citrus; 2000 complete 2,4-D dimethylaminesal and esters 1991 DDT - 1983 except malaria control by government Dieldrin- banned 1983 Dinoseb- 1995 DNOC- 2001 Case study- Asbestos Existing legislation focuses on protection on worker health and safe disposal 1998: South African cabinet decision to phase-out asbestos 2001: Last asbestos mine closed in South Africa, Zimbabwe source remains 2002: Initiated socio-economic study to determine phase-out period and details 2002: Declining use- half of 8000 tpa building & construction products (40% decline from 2000) Case study: phase-out of PCB's Additive in transformer oils Market-driven process helped phase-out 011 reclamation recycling lowers rate of phase out Awareness of trade names thanks UN publication

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Many ISO 14001 management systems adopted in Industry with specific PCB phase-out targets Soil remediation remains a long term issue NEPAD- Current projects related National Implementation plans for management of POPs (Includes PCBs). Regionally-based assessment of PTS. Chemical information exchange PCB identification projects. Atmospheric issues in developing countries

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Banned/ restricted substances South Africa or provinces Endosulfan- '70; Endrin- '80; Gamma-BHC (lindane) '71; BHC '83 Heptachlor- '76; Mercury compounds '83; Monocrotophos- '97 Parathion- limited uses since '93; Phosporus containing compounds '79; 2,4,5,-T- '89 Case study- Asbestos. January 2003: Socio-econ FRIDGE study completed June 2003: Last asbestos fiber due from South Africa milled fiber stockpiles 2003: Asbestos cement (50% of use) replaced by cellulose fibers cement Selected uses probably will remain but alternatives widely available Total job loses probably few hundred; cost impact few hundred million ZAR. Several timeframes for phase-out under consideration Current PCS status PROCUREMENT: Departments/companies have procurement contracts stipulating "new" transformer' oils have ID be PCB free RECONDITIONING: Reconditioners collect recondition transformer oils in situ or on an exchange basis. Only transformer oil with PCB <10 ppm is returned ID systems RESIDUALS: Residual PCB levels in transformer oils decreasing since topping up with PCB free product from conditioned material. DISPOSAL Agreements ensure PCB containing waste material does follow Basel provisions Challenges Building capacity in Southern Africa Enhancing communication in SADC and beyond Prioritizing Industrial chemical risks Understanding socio-economic impacts . Improvement of Environment. Analytical capacity Monitor and prevent illegal trafficking in toxic/dangerous products Establishment of an Information Management System Responsible Care: a Chemical Industry foundation to strengthen the safe management of chemicals towards sustainable development goals

• Responsible Care • Global ethic • Continuous improvement in health, safety, environment • Training employees • Working with customers and communities

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Chemical Industry approach Development of global capacity building action plan

• national level • international level

Relevant national partners

• NGO's Potential international partners

• UNITAR, UNEP Conclusions

• Progress slow but under way- speed depends on level of information exchange

• Cooperation critical between all stakeholders in resource restrained environment

• (governments, industries, NGO's, Labor) • Focused capacity building project to assist countries implement interim PlC

procedure is required. Outline

• Responsible Care initiative • Chemical industry approach South African capacity building study • Pilot project • Way forward

Responsible Care:

• Implementation • Guiding principles • Adoption of title and logo • Management Practice Standards. • Quantitative Indicators of Performance • Communication with stakeholders. • Encouragement on commitment. • Independent verification

Elements of partnerships Links to Agenda 21 Complementary to Type 1 outcomes Objectives and targets. Activities Implementation strategy South African Capacity Building Study ICCA funded assessment with a view to developing a global capacity building Initiative

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ICCA to present a capacity building event during the WSSD CAIA managed the assessment for ICCA Priority areas Chemical information Information dissemination. Risk management Product stewardship. Emergency response

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Pilot project outline (1) Activities

• GHS implementation • Information dissemination -Education, training and awareness -Product

stewardship • Emergency response • Co-ordination and Implementation mechanisms

Alignment with African Action Plan Harmonization of classification and labeling Implementation of GHS Information exchange Information dissemination: support sought Links with UNEP pilot project Risk reduction programmes Poison centres Capacity building Approach to Assessment

• Compiled questionnaire • Consulted key stakeholders • .Telephonic interviews • Compiled assessment report and work shopped with stakeholders

Chemical Industry partnership: South Africa

• Links to Agenda 21 • Activities from the case study • Complementary to Type 1 outcomes . • Alignment with African Action Plan. • Implementation strategy

Complementary to Type 1 outcomes

• Ratification of Conventions • Strategic approach to chemicals management • Adoption of the Globally Harmonized System • Encouragement of partnerships • Promote efforts against Illegal trafficking. Support capacity building • Specific support for Africa

Way forward

• Develop pilot project further • Consider proposal as part of ICCA partnership initiative • Seek additional support

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• Explore possibility for Type 2 partnerships for Africa

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Plenary VIII Recommendations of the workshop concerning the coordinated implementation of the Basel convention, Rotterdam convention and the Stockholm convention At the national level Steps to be taken in short and long term to improve and enhance coordination and joint implementation.

• Identify national focal points, DNAs and encourage coordination among them,

• Seek assistance from donors for awareness campaigns for decision makers/politicians, awareness raising through the use of the channels of communication applicable at national levels e.g. memorandum, cabinet papers, reports, seminars/workshops etc

• Involve all stakeholders to increase awareness, • Start small projects for stakeholders • Set-up National multi stakeholder Committees on chemicals and waste, • Ratify/Accede to the three conventions and any other relevant MEA,

Undertake the following: • Review institutional arrangements, infrastructure and human resource

needs, • Capacity building programmes such as: training, research and development, • Develop the best mechanisms for domestication of the three conventions

and any other relevant MEAs through review/promulgation/harmonization/amendment of legislation,

• Develop national chemical profiles, NIPs, (enabling speedy implementation of the recommendations of the NIPs),

• Carry out and support field activities such as inventories e.g stocks of obsoletes pesticides

• Support the SADC PCB program. To recommend the relocation of the programme coordinator to the BCRC in Pretoria,

• Recommend BCRC, UNEP and other parties concerned to establish similar PCB programmes in other English Speaking African Countries and subregions

Information exchange: • Develop national reporting/information system, • Promote chemical and waste information exchange network, among

national institutions. • Promote co-financing mechanisms between national governments public

donors and private sector. • Promoting public private partnerships on chemical safety and hazardous

waste management

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2. At the sub-regional level Efforts of countries of the sub region to be coordinated in order to help address problems through the

• Use of existing structures/initiatives such as SADC, AU, NEPAD etc. • Harmonization of laws and policies. • Use of bilateral and multilateral cooperation, • Inclusion of discussions of the cross linkages and synergies of all the

relevant MEAs at every meeting/workshops of any of the convention, • Improve and coordinate the tracking systems of chemicals/hazardous wastes

at regional level, • To support the BCRCs as regional delivery mechanisms for the SC, RC, BC

and as a combination of the will of the parties, encourage countries to work closely with BCRC,

• Develop regional joint programs / projects and improve the use of the results and findings of ongoing regional projects by employing the existing information exchange mechanisms including the Basel regional centers to disseminate this information,

• Improve exchange information, expertise & experiences, through for instance, creation of sub-regional websites, newsletter, ema il, video, conferences,

• Enhancement of emergency preparedness and response mechanisms, • To strengthen the African network of relevant experts.

3. At the international level Key areas of support:

• Training (short and long term). • Technical resources (research, risk assessment, etc). • Infrastructures • Cleaner production • Technology transfer

• Improve coordination and integration of activities at international level for

the MEAs and ensure integrated national and regional delivery, • Assist developing countries to implement the 10-year strategic plan of the

Basel convention in term of both expertise and finance. Other Recommendations Recommend to secretariats of relevant MEAs to coordinate the technical assistance programmes, To involve the AU and NEPAD in the chemical and waste management programme,

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The future subregional projects should be coordinated / implemented through the BCRCs (this is related to implementation of MEAs.)

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Opening Statement by Gabriela Low, representative of the Swiss Government

Excellencies, Madam Chairperson I Mister Chairman, ladies and gentlemen On behalf of the Swiss Government, I would like to welcome you warmly to this subregional workshop on the coordinated implementation of multilateral environmental agreements on chemicals and wastes in Africa. let me first express my thanks to our hosts, the South African Government, and to the representatives of UNEP, the Geneva Environment Network (GEN) and the Basel Convention for their excellent preparation of this workshop. Ladies and gentlemen, this event is taking place on historical ground. In September 2002, ministers and heads of state from around the world met in Johannesburg for the World Summit to discuss and outline a path for the sustainable future development of our planet. One of the significant results of this meeting was the adoption of a Plan of Implementation. Article 23 of this document expresses a clear commitment to protect human health and the environment by supporting developing countries in strengthening their capacity for the sound management of chemicals throughout their life cycle, especially by providing technical and financial assistance. At the same time, it calls for efforts to promote the ratification and implementation of the Rotterdam (PIC) and Stockholm (POPs) Conventions in the near future. The PIC Convention is close to this goal, with 46 of the 50 Parties required for entry into force, and the first Conference of the Parties is scheduled for September 2004 in Geneva. Switzerland believes that events such as this workshop - where we will be considering the advantages and disadvantages of coordinated implementation of multilateral environmental agreements on chemicals and wastes - are precisely the type of activities that are needed to fulfil this global commitment on chemicals that was undertaken in Johannesburg. Obviously, chemicals have become an essential component of our lives all around the world, making a vital contribution to our wellbeing in sectors such as agriculture and health. We live in an age where international trade is a fact of life, and guaranteeing a free exchange of goods is a fundamental condition. However, some of the products traded have a high risk potential - for both human health and the environment for example, pesticides or industrial chemicals. Therefore, trade in hazardous chemicals and wastes needs to be governed by strict and clear international rules. In this context, the Rotterdam (or PIC) Convention, making exports of certain chemical substances conditional on the prior informed consent of the importing country, is a major milestone. Switzerland is convinced that, once fully implemented, the PIC Convention will enable international trade in dangerous substances to be monitored and controlled by giving importing countries the power to decide which chemicals they want to receive and to exclude those that they cannot manage safely.

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However, the UN chemicals regime includes not only the PIC Convention, but also the Stockholm Convention, which aims to ban 12 especially dangerous persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and the Basel Convention, which regulates transboundary movements of hazardous wastes and their final disposal. Switzerland takes the view - and we believe this view is shared by many other countries - that these three Conventions on chemicals and wastes are inextricably interlinked and mutually supportive. To illustrate this, I would like to give you a practical example: If you wanted to export a pesticide containing toxaphene, you would be intending to trade in a chemical substance that falls under the POPs Convention. At the same time, this substance is on the PIC list, which means that you need the acceptance of the importing country before the transaction can go ahead. Just in case your product is meant for final disposal in another country, you are additionally obliged to follow the rules established by the Basel Convention. This simple example clearly shows that the PIC, POPs and Basel Conventions provide a coherent, unified legal framework, which is indispensable to support environmentally sound management of hazardous chemicals and wastes worldwide. Only the entry into force and implementation of all three Conventions can guarantee that all aspects of the life cycle of a chemical are considered and appropriately managed for the sake of human health and the environment. For Switzerland's environmental foreign policy, the environmentally sound management and disposal of chemicals has always been a high priority. There are two main reasons for this. Firstly, as a leading chemical producer and exporter, we have acquired a great deal of knowledge and experience with chemicals and their possible effects on the environment. But it is also the case that, within the United Nations system, environmental and other relevant major organizations are to a large extent clustered in Geneva. My country has the privilege of hosting in Geneva the headquarters of UNEP Chemicals, the Interim PIC and POPs Secretariats, the Secretariat of the Basel Convention, the World Health Organization, the International Labour Organization, the WTO and many others. This concentration of key organizations linked to the chemicals issue ensures excellent working conditions, interaction and dialogue among all the stakeholders involved; as a result, the Secretariats of the PIC, POPs and Basel Conventions are in an ideal position to fulfil their important tasks. In view of our responsibility towards future generations, Switzerland would like to share its knowledge with all of you for the sake of a safer and cleaner world. I'm therefore very glad to work together with UNEP, GEN and Basel specialists and to make my own contribution to their important and highly appreciated work. With these words let me express my wish that this workshop may be a success for all of us, and I'm looking forward to many fruitful discussions with you over the next few days.

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Introductory remarks by Michael Williams United Nations Environment Programme Geneva Environment Network

Madame Deputy Minister, Ladies and Gentlemen, I am extremely pleased to welcome you to this workshop on behalf of the United Nations Environment Programme and the Geneva Environment Network. I work in UNEP's Division on Environmental Conventions, where we have a strong interest in promoting synergies amongst the conventions. We believe that collaboration amongst the conventions is extremely important at both the national and international levels. This will help to prevent duplication of effort, promote efficient use of limited financial and human resources and ensure that treaties are mutually supportive and complementary and their provisions and objectives do not contradict each other. It is our hope that this workshop will contribute to promoting such benefits. Thanks to partners These objectives are clearly shared by the Swiss Federal Agency for Environment, Forests and Landscape, which is financing this workshop. Because the three UNEP secretariats are co- located at the International Environment House in Geneva, some of our support for them is channelled through our Geneva Environment Network project, of which they are all members. We are also extremely fortunate to have the support of the Basel Regional Center here in Pretoria. Documents We have four documents for this meeting - the agenda, a provisionallist of participants, a list of ratifications by African countries of the four conventions, and the conclusions of a similar synergies workshop that we organized in Cotonou, Benin, last November for mostly Francophone countries, which I hope will provide a useful input for today's workshop. In addition the powerpoint presentations that will be given during the workshop will also be distributed as documents. Later on in October we will mail you a summary of the workshop conclusions.

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Part II INTEGRATED IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ROTTERDAM, BASEL AND STOCKHOLM CONVENTIONS. By Ms Thembisile Khumalo (Department of Environmental Affairs & Tourism, SA) Executive Director of the Basel Convention Regional Centre, Dr John Mbogoma, Representative of the Secretariat of the Basel Convention, Vincent Jugault, Swiss Agency for the Environment, Forests and Landscape, Gabriela Löw, Chief Information Unit for Conventions UNEP/IUC, Michael Williams, Representative of the Swiss Embassy, Dr Anne-Marie de Burman, I also acknowledge the presence of Ms Fatoumata Ouane and Andreas Arlt from UNEP, Delegates, ladies and gentlemen. Let me use this opportunity to extend my gratitude to the SBC, UNEP and for extending an invitation to me to address this meeting on behalf of the government of South Africa and to further wish to welcome all delegates present at this meeting. I wish to commend you for embracing the concept of partnership in this initiative that seeks to coordinate the implementation of the three conventions, namely: The Basel Convention on Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Waste, The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants andThe Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade. The primary objective of these conventions is to protect human health and the environment from the effects of toxic chemicals and hazardous wastes. It is therefore important to coordinate activities leading to the implementation of these conventions. The Rotterdam Convention, as you know, represents an important step towards ensuring the protection of citizens and the environment in all countries from the possible dangers resulting from trade in highly dangerous pesticides and chemicals. It will establish a first line of defence against future tragedies by preventing unwanted imports of dangerous chemicals, particularly in developing countries. It will enable the world to monitor and control the trade in very dangerous substances. It will give importing countries the power to decide which chemicals they want to trade with, receive and to exclude those they have no capacity to manage safely. If trade does take place, requirements for labelling and provision of information on potential health and environmental effects will promote the safe use of these chemicals.

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The convention will ensure obligatory detailed information exchange between countries on hazardous chemicals and pesticides allowing informed decision-making on the national use of such chemicals. Some of the chemicals identified for PIC procedure are the persistent organic pollutants targeted for immediate removal from the environment under the Stockholm Convention. These are: aldrin, chlordane, DDT, dieldrin, hexachlorobenzene, and PCBs. (There is some synergy here.) The Basel Convention aims to ensure that any transboundary movement and disposal of hazardous waste, when allowed, is strictly controlled and takes place in an environmentally sound and responsible manner. Work has already been initiated under the Basel Convention to develop technical guidelines on POPs upon becoming wastes. It has always been a great challenge for South Africa, and probably for many countries to incorporate provisions of these conventions into national legislation, and also to harmonize chemicals management within the country. There’s an additional administrative burden with each signing and ratification of conventions, which, at county level, has never been quantified. This initiative to integrate these conventions is therefore most welcomed. I am happy that this initiative coincides with the global effort to develop a strategic approach to international chemicals management (SAICM). SAICM will include all elements of chemical safety, environmental and health considerations during the life-cycle of the chemical. Issues of production, use, import, export and disposal of chemicals as waste will be considered. Improved regional and international cooperation will result in better control of toxic chemicals and hazardous waste movements under the Rotterdam and Basel Conventions and complete transparency is needed in cases where such movements do occur. It is therefore important that, amongst other things, we consider to harmonise regional enforcement mechanisms to reduce illegal traffic of chemicals and wastes identified under these conventions. I believe that in this meeting the issue of the African Stockpile Project (on removing obsolete stocks from the environment) will be discussed. (South Africa had, for the first time, hosted a meeting with all the funders, partners and Phase I recipient African countries to finalize project document. Mark Davies will present the ASP to the group). I would urge implementing agencies of these projects to involve local structures nominated by recipient countries to coordinate these projects. It builds an element of trust and accountability. I hope that you will apply yourselves diligently and assists Africa to develop solutions to these problems. I wish you a successful workshop and looking forward to celebrate the successes of this program.

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