Discourse Workshop

in Heidelberg

4.-5.12.2104

State of the Artin climate engineering

discourse research

Mag. Nils MatznerInstitut für Technik- und Wissenschaftsforschung (STS)

AAU Klagenfurt

Introduction to

the state of the art

of discourse and CE

4

5

responsibility: 294

governance: 1,891 government: 1,730assessment: 1,776

policy: 2,162

moral: 202hubris: 47

risk: 3,619

uncertainty: 1,477

potential: 3,683

discourse: 91

6

A broader debate

7 13

35

89

191

0 0 0

48

139

1 0 1 16 161 0 0 15

54

2 0 2 11

32

1977-1999 2000-2005 2006-2008 2009-2011 2012-2014

publications per domain

Science Social Science Economics Philosophy Law

7

Discourse analysis is popular

7

144

18

26

Social studies linked to discourse analysis

Other "Discourse" Discourse Analysis

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1. Used to say „discussion“

2. Conversation with all modalities and context (pragmatism and linguistics)

3. Ideal speech situation for open deleberation (Habermas)

4. Largescale construction of power and knowledge (Foucault)

Common ground: Discourse is about

language and politics, knowledge and validity, reality and construction…

Discours analysis? Discours analysis!

Overview of discourse analysis

of climate engineering

10

Different kinds of discourse analyses of CE

1. Culture, media and narration analysis

▪ Researching: media representation, cultural acceptability

▪ Using: cultural studies and Critical Discourse Analysis

2. Metaphor analysis

▪ Researching: metaphors of control

▪ Using: language and metaphor theory

3. Pragmatic and linguistic analysis

▪ Researching: language usage, frames

▪ Using: linguistic and frame theory

4. Argumentative mapping

▪ Researching: theoretical argument structure

▪ Using: analytical philosophy

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Bildanalyse (Curvelo 2012)

“[…] [T]he full meaning of geoengineering

debates can only be perceived if it is connected

with the larger social imaginary of science

and technology in which geoengineering

narratives are rooted.”

Curvelo, Paula (2012): Exploring the Ethics of Geoengineering through Images. In: The International Journal of the Image 2 (2), S. 177–198.

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Metaphor analysis by Nerlich and Jaspal (2012)

▪ Analysis of 91 newspaper articles

▪ From 1988 to 2010

▪ Searching for “fundamental” metaphors

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Metaphor analysis by Nerlich and Jaspal (2012)

„We focus here on metaphor which enables us to see and understand one thing as

another or one thing in terms of another. In some respects metaphor, a tool we use

to think and act with, is a linguistic technology that needs as much ethical oversight

as the technologies we “see through” it, such as geoengineering. Metaphors are the

mind’s eyes and society’s tools. They provide us with visions of the world and

instruments to change it.“ (133)

Metaphors and arguments found:

1. Geoengineering as a techno-fix

2. Geoengineering as a medical fix

3. Geoengineering as plan B

14

Metaphor analysis by Nerlich and Jaspal (2012)

The planet is a

(a) body

(b) patient

(c) machine

15

Quntification of framings by Scholte et al. (2013)

▪ Analysis of 181 newspaper articles

▪ From 2006 to 2011

▪ Coding of texts with framings

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Quntification of framings by Scholte et al. (2013)

▪ Risks and uncertainties▪ Scientific discoveries▪ Catastrophe▪ Ambivalence▪ Mitigation▪ Call for science▪ Current approach is failure▪ Benefits for science▪ Necessity▪ Ethical principles▪ No trust in science▪ Governance▪ Afraid of science▪ Out of propotion▪ Man can change natur▪ Conflict▪ Economic prospect▪ Last resort▪ Science fiction▪ Climate is complex▪ Political risk▪ It‘s serious

reduction

▪ Ambivalence▪ Avoiding catastrophe▪ Pragmatism▪ Norms and values▪ Benefits for society▪ Controversy▪ Techno-fix▪ Governance▪ Out of proportion

17

Quntification of framings by Scholte et al. (2013)

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Diskursive Bewertung (Luokkanen, et al. 2013)

Luokkanen, Matti; Huttunen, Suvi; Hilden, Mikael (2013): Geoengineering, news media and metaphors: Framing the controversial. In: Public Understanding of Science. DOI: 10.1177/0963662513475966.

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Literature: CE discourse analysis

▪ Anshelm, Jonas; Hansson, Anders (2014): Battling Promethean dreams and Trojan horses: Revealing the

critical discourses of geoengineering. In Energy Research & Social Science 2, pp. 135–144. DOI

10.1016/j.erss.2014.04.001.

▪ Anshelm, Jonas; Hansson, Anders (2014): The Last Chance to Save the Planet? An Analysis of the

Geoengineering Advocacy Discourse in the Public Debate. In Environmental Humanities 5, pp. 101–123.

▪ Bellamy, Rob; Chilvers, Jason; Vaughan, Naomi E.; Lenton, Timothy M. (2013): ‘Opening up’

geoengineering appraisal: Multi-Criteria Mapping of options for tackling climate change. In Global

Environmental Change 23 (5), pp. 926–937. DOI 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.07.011.

▪ Borick, Christopher; Rabe, Barry (2012): Americans Cool on Geoengineering. Approaches to Addressing

Climate Change. Brookings. Washington, D.C. (Governance Studies, 47). Available online at

http://www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2012/05/30-geo-engineering-rabe-borick.

▪ Buck, Holly Jean (2013): Climate engineering: spectacle, tragedy or solution? A content analysis of news

media framing. In Chris Methmann, Delf Rothe, Benjamin Stephan (Eds.): Interpretive approaches to global

climate governance. Deconstructing the greenhouse. New York: Routledge (Interventions), pp. 166–181.

▪ Cairns, Rose C.; Stirling, Andrew (2014): ‘Maintaining planetary systems’ or ‘concentrating global power?’

High stakes in contending framings of climate geoengineering. In Global Environmental Change 28, pp. 25–

38. DOI 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.04.005.

▪ Corner, Adam; Pidgeon, Nick (2014): Like artificial trees? The effect of framing by natural analogy on public

perceptions of geoengineering. In Climatic Change. DOI 10.1007/s10584-014-1148-6.

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▪ Edney, Kingsley; Symons, Jonathan (2013): China and the blunt temptations of geoengineering. The role of

solar radiation management in China’s strategic response to climate change. (forthcoming). In The Pacific

Review 26 (4), pp. 1–26. DOI 10.1080/09512748.2013.807865.

▪ Edvardsen, Hanne M.; Puškaric, Staša (2012): Voluntary Support of Scientific Research: A Road to a more

Sustainable Future. In RIThink 1 (1), pp. 33–38. Available online at

http://rithink.hr/brochure/pdf/hanne%20puskaric.pdf.

▪ Hiller, Sylvia; Renn, Ortwin (2012): Public Perception of Geoengineering. In S+F (Sicherheit und

Frieden/Security and Peace) 30 (4), pp. 215–220.

▪ Horton, Zach (2014): Collapsing Scale: Nanotechnology and Geoengineering as Speculative Media. In

Kornelia Konrad, Christopher Coenen, A. B. Dijkstra, Colin Milburn, Harro van Lente (Eds.): Shaping

emerging technologies. Governance, innovation, discourse: IOP Press (Studies of new and emerging

technologies / S.NET, 004), pp. 203–218.

▪ Janich, Nina; Simmerling, Anne (2013): „Nüchterne Forscher träumen…“. Nichtwissen im Klimadiskurs

unter deskriptiver und kritischer diskursanalytischer Betrachtung. In Ulrike Hanna Meinhof, Martin Reisigl,

Ingo H. Warnke (Eds.): Diskurslinguistik im Spannungsfeld von Deskription und Kritik. Berlin: Akademie

Verlag Berlin (Diskursmuster - Discourse Patterns, 1), pp. 65–100.

▪ Kniebes, Carola; Merk, Christine; Pönitzsch, Gert; Rehdanz, Katrin; Schmidt, Ulrich (2014): Informed and

Uninformed Opinions on New Measures to Address Climate Change. Edited by Kiel Earth Institut. Kiel

(Working Paper, 1936). Available online at https://www.ifw-members.ifw-kiel.de/publications/informed-

and-uninformed-opinions-on-new-measures-to-address-climate-change.

▪ Luokkanen, Matti; Huttunen, Suvi; Hilden, Mikael (2013): Geoengineering, news media and metaphors:

Framing the controversial. In Public Understanding of Science. DOI 10.1177/0963662513475966.

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▪ Macnaghten, Phil; Szerszynski, Bronislaw (2013): Living the global social experiment. An analysis of public

discourse on solar radiation management and its implications for governance. In Global Environmental

Change 23 (2), pp. 465–474. DOI 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.12.008.

▪ Markusson, Nils (2013): Tensions in framings of geoengineering: Constitutive diversity and ambivalence

(CGG Working Papers, 003). Available online at http://geoengineering-governance-

research.org/perch/resources/workingpaper3-markussontensions-inframingsofgeoengineering.pdf.

▪ Markusson, Nils; Ginn, Franklin; Singh Ghaleigh, Navraj; Scott, Vivian (2013): ‘In case of emergency press

here’: framing geoengineering as a response to dangerous climate change. (online first). In WIREs Clim

Change, pp. n/a. DOI 10.1002/wcc.263.

▪ Nerlich, Brigitte; Jaspal, Rusi (2012): Metaphors We Die By? Geoengineering, Metaphors, and the

Argument From Catastrophe. In Metaphor and Symbol 27 (2), pp. 131–147.

▪ Oldham, P.; Szerszynski, Bronislaw; Stilgoe, Jack; Brown, Casey; Eacott, B.; Yuille, A. (2014): Mapping the

landscape of climate engineering. In Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 372 (2031). DOI

10.1098/rsta.2014.0065.

▪ Porter, Kate Elizabeth; Hulme, Mike (2013): The emergence of the geoengineering debate in the UK print

media: a frame analysis. In The Geographical Journal 179 (4), pp. 342–355. DOI 10.1111/geoj.12003.

▪ Scholte, Samantha; Vasileiadou, Eleftheria; Petersen, Arthur C. (2013): Opening up the societal debate on

climate engineering: how newspaper frames are changing. In Journal of Integrative Environmental

Sciences, pp. 1–16. DOI 10.1080/1943815X.2012.759593.

▪ Sikka, Tina (2012): A critical discourse analysis of geoengineering advocacy. In Critical Discourse Studies 9

(2), pp. 163–175. DOI 10.1080/17405904.2012.656377.

▪ Wright, Malcolm J.; Teagle, Damon A. H.; Feetham, Pamela M. (2014): A quantitative evaluation of the

public response to climate engineering. In Nature Climate change (4), pp. 106–110.