Mann 2015 - Review of - Landscape and Interaction: The Troodos Archaeological and Environmental...
Transcript of Mann 2015 - Review of - Landscape and Interaction: The Troodos Archaeological and Environmental...
Field Notes
A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology
Volume 7
Field Notes
A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology
Volume 7 Number 1 June 2015
Published by the Anthropology Student Union (ASU)
at the University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee
Editors-in-Chief
Lara Ghisleni
Lindsey Jo Helms Thorson
Jessica Skinner
Editorial Board
William Balco Matt Dalstrom
Benjamin Campbell Jen-Li Ko
Amy Samuelson
Editorial Committee
Faculty Advisor
Kalman Applbaum
Cover Design
Jessica Skinner
Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology
University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee
Department of Anthropology
3413 N Downer Ave
390 Sabin Hall
Milwaukee WI 53211
4142294175
fldnotesuwmedu
httpwww4uwmeduStudentOrgasuField_Noteshtm
Lindsay Barone
Sarah Boncal
Maisie Buntin
Audree Espada
Abby Forster
Shannon Freire
Adrienne Frie
Kevin Garstki
Susan Hill
Katinka Hooyer
Anika Jones
Alexis Jordan
Hannah King
Krista-Lee Malone
Barbara McClendon
Aurora Prehn
Cheri Price
Helen Werner
Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology
June 2015 Volume 7(1)
Table of Contents
About the Contributors 5
Articles
Vulture Scavenging of Pig Remains at Varying Grave Depths 8
Aryn A Klein Texas State UniversityndashSan Marcos
History Violence and Legitimacy in Uganda An Anthropological 20
Analysis of Post-Colonial Politics and ICC Intervention
Todd Jonathan Ebling University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee
The Boundaries of Watchdog Journalism at the Milwaukee 36
Journal Sentinel
Aras Coskuntuncel American University
Current Debates
Neanderthal Behavioral Modernity and Symbolic Capabilities 60
Liam McGill Harvard University Harvard College
Book Reviews
Eugene Raikhel and William Garriott (eds) ndash Addiction 76
Trajectories 2013
Tara Gallagher University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee
Marilyn Johnson ndash Lives in Ruins Archaeologists and 82
the Seductive Lure of Human Rubble 2014
A Espada University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee
Haidy Geismar ndash Treasured Possessions Indigenous 86
Interventions into Cultural and Intellectual Property Law 2013
Liam Murphy University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee
Michael Given Arthur Bernard Knapp Jay S Noller 90
Luke Sollars and Vasiliki Kassianidou ndash Landscape and Interaction
The Troodos Archaeological and Environmental Survey Project
Cyprus vols 1 amp 2 2013
Justin Mann East Carolina University
Contributors 5
Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology
June 2015 Volume 7(1)
About the Contributors
Aras Coskuntuncel is a graduate student at American University working
toward his PhD in communication His focus is on the commodification of
information surveillance and the struggle over control of the flow of
information in the digital era and how these processes are playing out in
Turkey He graduated with his Masterrsquos degree from the University of
WisconsinndashMilwaukeersquos media studies program In his Masterrsquos thesis he
conducted an ethnographic study of the Milwaukee Journal Sentinelrsquos unique
transition from a general-purpose newspaper to a watchdog-centric journal
Before coming to the United States he was the diplomacy and foreign news
editor at the Hurriyet Daily News an English-language newspaper in Istanbul
Turkey
Todd Jonathan Ebling is a second year PhD student in cultural anthropology at
the University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee He received his Master of Arts
degree in International Economic Development and worked for a malaria
control program in Uganda in 2011 While in the anthropology graduate
program at UWndashMilwaukee his geographic focus has shifted from Sub-
Saharan Africa to South Asia He is currently studying non-profit organizations
and issues of social justice and community development in northern India
A Espada is a Masterrsquos student at the University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee
Her research interests include personal ornament in prehistory archaeology
and politics museum studies and cultural resource management She has
worked on numerous archaeological research projects in California Nevada
England and Spain
Tara Gallagher is a biological anthropology MS student at the University of
WisconsinndashMilwaukee studying neuroanthroplogy She previously earned her
Bachelors degree in anthropology theatre amp film and molecular biosciences
from the University of Kansas Her interests are with the intersection between
mental health and socio-cultural issues Taras primary research includes the
neuroscience of addiction emotional embodiment and brain development
6 Contributors
Aryn A Klein received her Masterrsquos degree from Texas State UniversityndashSan
Marcos Her areas of interest include forensic anthropology skeletal biology
and skeletal trauma Her current research concerns fracture patterning within
subadult populations
Justin Mann is a second year Masterrsquos student at East Carolina University He
received his BS in anthropology and history from the University of Wisconsinndash
Oshkosh His thesis research focuses on the medieval-Ottoman landscapes of
Cyprus and diachronic ceramic distributions among different villages located
in the Troodos region Additionally Justin maintains interests in Byzantine
archaeology ethnicity in the archaeological record and survey methodology
Liam McGill is an AB candidate at Harvard College who intends to study
anthropology He is currently interested in exploring the intersection of social
and biological anthropology
Liam Murphy is a graduate student at the University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee
He is pursuing a Masterrsquos degree in anthropology alongside a professional
certificate in museum studies Liam is particularly interested in museum
archaeology material culture studies and the history of archaeology His
thesis is investigating 19th century Smithsonian curator Carl Raursquos
contributions to the Smithsonian Institutionrsquos European archaeology
collection
Book Reviews
Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology 7(1)90ndash96 (June 2015) Copyright copy 2015 by Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology
Landscape and Interaction The Troodos
Archaeological and Environmental Survey Project
Cyprus vols 1 amp 2
Michael Given Arthur Bernard Knapp Jay S Noller Luke
Sollars and Vasiliki Kassianidou Oxford The Council for
British Research in the Levant and Oxbow Books 2013 696 pp
ISBN 9781782971870 (vol 1) $9000pound4800 9781782971887 (vol 2) $7600pound3800 Justin Mann East Carolina University
Landscape and Interaction is the culmination of a five-year study in
Cyprus conducted by Michael Given et al that endeavors to combine
regional survey methodology with ideas of landscape theory At the core of
the methodology employed is the framework of commotion collaboration
and conviviality concepts laid out by Given in a concurrently published paper
(Given 20133) In essence these terms refer to the constant movement of
human and natural agents (commotion) how they combine to change the
landscape (collaboration) and how connections between agents on the
landscape are formed (conviviality) Given and associates synthesize these
data from the Troodos Archaeological Environmental Survey Project
(TAESP) into a two-volume set Volume 1 Methodology Analysis amp
Interaction provides the methodological theoretical and raw data framework
for the TAESP survey Volume 2 The TAESP Landscape applies these
methods and data to the survey area while also incorporating historical
records and ethnographic evidence In short volume 1 functions as an
extended introduction to the methods and survey area while volume 2
presents conclusions drawn from the survey data in a geographical manner
The TAESP project is partly an extension of a previous survey the
Sydney Cyprus Survey Project (SCSP) conducted by the authors from 1992ndash
1997 in an adjacent region of northwestern Cyprus (Given and Knapp 2003)
Given et al apply much of the same methodology in both the SCSP survey
and the TAESP survey Rather than searching for sites or focusing on a
particular chronological period the authors use a regional perspective to
understand the interaction between people and the landscape This regional
focus is part of a ldquosecond waverdquo (Given 20135) of theoretically minded large
-scale survey projects throughout the Mediterranean world (Given and Knapp
2003 Tartaron et al 2006 cf Watrous et al 2004)
Mann 91
Volume 1 is divided into six chapters and begins with an informative
introduction providing the historical and archaeological contexts of the survey
area as well as the grouprsquos research aims The reader is introduced to the long
history of Cyprus ranging from the islandrsquos first inhabitants in the
Epipaleolithic to modern-day Cypriot communities In addition the authors
provide the theoretical underpinnings for TAESP in the first chapter
The theoretical framework of the TAESP survey is largely
constructed upon Ian Hodderrsquos (1999 2000) concept of ldquothe siterdquo wherein a
site is a collection of meanings or associations to a past or present group
(Given et al 2013 vol 110) In this mode of thinking the site is moved
beyond a geographically bounded collection of material culture (artifacts) to
an area of human interaction with shifting contexts which the archaeologist
must interpret This interpretation of ldquothe siterdquo goes hand in hand with
Givenrsquos commotion collaboration and conviviality in that data (eg sites
artifacts) are not objective remains that reflect a particular behavior but are
the byproduct of human motion across and interaction with the landscape
This theory drives the way the TAESP team collected data (siteless) and how
they interpreted the data (deciphering human-landscape interaction) As
Johnson states ldquowe [archaeologists] can never confront theory and data in-
stead we see data through a cloud of theoryrdquo (1999102) Commotion collab-
oration and conviviality make up the cloud through which the TAESP team
saw the data
The idea of the siteless survey is not new to Mediterranean survey
as Caraher (2006) has pointed out and this method has been utilized in past
surveys Proponents of this artifact-level data dense style of survey argue that
it more accurately reflects the material landscape of the survey universe The
adherence to a siteless survey methodology is manifested in the TAESP
survey through its hyper-intensive data collection strategies in addition to the
absence of ldquositesrdquo in the more traditional sensemdashie geographically bounded
feature or artifact rich units with excavation potential (eg a tomb) The
TAESP directors reconcile this lack of sites by instead choosing to focus the
survey on the artifact-level as opposed to site-level In doing so extreme
amounts of data were collected to form interpretive conclusions from the
resulting artifact carpets (artifact densities mapped onto the survey universe)
in an attempt to contextualize the landscape
The TAESP team presents the methodology for achieving this
siteless aim in ch 2 Their goal was to produce interdisciplinary and
regionally orientated data sets that project a more accurate representation of
the survey universe Field crews covered an area of 164 km2 performing
pedestrian transects in areas of high archaeological potential using a stratified
sampling method that divided the survey universe into Intensive Survey
92 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction
Zones (ISZs) and extensive zones The ISZs comprising areas of higher
archaeological potential were more frequently transected than the extensive
zones The authors then plot ldquovariation in artifact density function and date
across the entire landscape rather than centering analysis around specific
lsquositesrsquo or lsquodots on the maprsquordquo again rejecting the essentialism of the site
(Given et al 2013 vol 120) Instead Given and associates use the term
Places of Special Interest (POSIs) A POSI which in many ways is what
would normally constitute an archaeological ldquositerdquo is ldquoany location where
there was good reason whether cultural or natural for carrying out more
detailed recordingrdquo (Given et al 2013 vol 126) Architectural remains
including farmsteads mills churches mosques and villages are generally
listed as Places of Special Interest (POSIs) or Building Units (BUs) (Given et
al 2013 vol 1261ndash277) An admirable 30721 ceramic sherds were collected
and analyzed during the course of the survey (Given et al 2013 vol 125)
Specialists also directed crews to collect data on geomorphology
archaeometallurgy and geobotany As a measure of methodological integrity
the TAESP directors initiated a seeding experiment (Given et al 2013 vol
135) to ensure consistency in artifact collection by field crews This addition
of a quality control test aids in establishing the overall effectiveness of
TAESPrsquos field collection methods Overall the tried-and-true transect method
is appropriate and the inclusion of specialty fields (eg paleogeology
paleobotany) help to further the comprehensiveness of the survey
In addition to their siteless methodology Given et al undertake the
task of ldquoflattening the hierarchyrdquo of terrestrial survey (Given et al 2013 vol
111) This ldquoflatteningrdquo seeks to place the job of interpretation into the hands
of all who are walking the landscape The benefit to choosing this method is
imprecise as the opinions of those ldquoencounteringrdquo the landscape in the 21st
century no doubt bear little resemblance to the mindset of those in the 1st
century Landscape and Interaction cites the example of how a field crew
designated two hills as POSIs in spite of the absence of material remains
because of their integral nature to the landscape (Given et al 2013 vol 112)
It is implied that from fieldwalker to director integration was practiced in
interpreting the landscape It is unclear however how impactful this decision
was as analysis was carried out by those in directorate positions This hyper-
interpretative approach as classified by Fleming (2006) seeks to incorporate
an experiential element to the field survey This is much in line with the
surveyrsquos phenomenological approach to landscape analysis
The four main chronological sequences identified on the TAESP
landscape are presented chronologically in ch 3 Prehistoric Iron Age
Hellenistic-Roman and Medieval-Modern For ceramics a distinction is made
between fine-wares and utility wares and their geographical origin is noted
Mann 93
when possible Detailed ceramic lithic and special finds catalogues are
included in this chapter (Given et al 2013 vol 180ndash227) Defining village
or POSI boundaries was not a concern once again in keeping with the
theoretical framework of the survey This method of collection affects
potential analyses for instance conducting a comparative analysis between
features within specific POSIs is difficult due to the lack of detail provided
(outside of artifact assemblages found on transects)
The landscapendashhuman interaction and its influence on the material
culture found within the TAESP survey region is synthesized within chs 5ndash
6 The authors present in chronological order the settlement patterns
communication networks and subsistence strategies of the inhabitants of the
TAESP landscape viewed through the ideas presented in ch 1 (Given et al
2013 vol 1321) This chronology begins with the Epipaleolithic and ends
with the British colonial period Working with a landscape contextualized
through the siteless field methodology the authors focus here on reconciling
processualist-rooted data collection (field and collection methods) with post-
processual interpretation (commotion collaboration and conviviality) The
conclusions drawn are therefore interpreted from the data to understand the
diachronically changing dynamic of humanndashenvironment interaction These
chapters (5ndash6) are the most representative of the TAESP teamrsquos theoretical
framework Inferences are made as to human experience on and interaction
with the landscape This is opposed to the other chapters in volumes 1 and 2
which largely serve to establish methodology and organize data (often
geographically) with arguably less interpretative influence
The authors end volume 1 by offering an array of sites (defined in
the more traditional sense) for further investigation displaying a hope for
work to continue in the region This recommendation as well as the
subsequent declaration that to find sites was not TAESPrsquos intent are passive
concessions for the volumersquos lack of focus on traditional archaeological sites
and appear aimed at the archaeologist who is searching for TAESPrsquos
contribution to understanding the Cypriot landscape through the discovery
and analysis of traditional ldquositesrdquo
The authors organize volume 2 into four geographic sections the
plains the Karkotis Valley the Lagoudhera Valley and the mountains They
use this geographic layout to present the ldquorelationship between people and
their landscaperdquo (Given et al 2013 vol 22) Volume 2 primarily functions as
the results and discussion section for Landscape and Interaction as the
authors organize the various types of data (ie survey archaeometallurgical
botanical) to form diachronic conclusions of the TAESP landscape
The plains which encompass the Atsas Mandres and Koutraphas
geographic zones compose the first locale discussed in volume 2 (Given et al
94 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction
2013 vol 26ndash48) This ecological zone contains occupations dating from the
Epipaleolithic to the British colonial period (Given et al 2013 vol 27) Of
note is the Roman farmstead at Vrysi tou Haji Christophi and the Medieval-
Modern villages scattered throughout The Karkotis Valley the second
geographical zone presented exhibits continual occupation for over six
millennia (Given et al 2013 vol 251) This occupational history is in large
part due to the prime agricultural land located within the valley Several
tombs are also present dating from the pre-Bronze Age and Roman periods
within the Karkotis Valley at Laonarka and Pano Limna respectively
Occupation within the Troodos Mountains ecological zone is decidedly
narrower reaching only from the Late Roman period to the Byzantine-
Modern (Given et al 2013 vol 2205) The nature of Roman activity remains
unclear however it is clear that it differs from the farm steading occurring in
the plains ecological zone (Given et al 2013 vol 2211) An extensive
Byzantine-Modern component can be found in the Troodos The Asinou
church and monastery are exquisitely preserved examples of late 11th century
religious architecture that speak to this component (Given et al 2013 vol
2214)
The Lagoudhera Valley was an area of copper mining and extraction
within the survey universe and although smaller than Skouriotissa it
comprises a representative manifestation of the TAESP teamrsquos methodology
and interpretation practices Many of the conclusions drawn from the
Lagoudhera Valley are a product of the authorsrsquo contextualizationmdashie focus
on the off-site rather than the ldquositerdquomdashof the landscape POSIs created
through the ldquoflattening of the hierarchyrdquomdashsuch as the hills noted by survey
teamsmdashas well as artifact presence are used to trace the motion of people
across the landscape (commotion) The authors use these data to give an
interpretive view of the human activity and the social setting surrounding the
extraction of copper and its subsequent impact on the landscape (Given et al
2013 vol 2202) In sum whereas volume 1 details the material culture of the
TAESP survey universe and attempts to address the teamrsquos primary research
goals (eg humanndashlandscape interaction) volume 2 synthesizes the results of
the TAESP survey on an area-by-area basis that address explicit research
questions (eg copper production in the Upper Lagoudhera Valley) while
incorporating the work of interdisciplinary team members
Overall the work produced by Given et al in Landscape and
Interaction contains a wealth of data beneficial to its intended audience of
European and North American archaeologists interested in advancing
archaeology in the eastern Mediterranean basin as well as archaeologists
interested in landscape theory This is greatly enhanced by the publishing of
the TAESP as well as the SCSP data onlinei However the choice of the
Mann 95
TAESP team not to delimit and detail POSIs beyond geographical setting is
problematic ldquoVerbingrdquo humanndashenvironmental interactionmdashie describing
human actions through survey data rather than imposed rigid categories
(Given et al 2013 vol 1344)mdashsolely through artifact presenceabsence
across the landscape seems incomplete without including the context and
nature of ldquositesrdquo or POSIs in greater detail For example the TAESP teamrsquos
decision not to bound or GPS significant features within POSIs does not
allow for comparison study between the POSIs If significant features
differentiate POSIs from other areas of the transect it seems that defining
these spaces through a more traditional concept of ldquositerdquo would offer further
analytical potential Rather than undermining the siteless methodology
detailing the specifics that form within POSIs would provide more avenues
for archaeologists to analyze the data collected While conducting a siteless
survey has its benefits especially in a culturally diffuse landscape the
TAESP authors could strengthen their interpretations through the inclusion of
more POSI detail to allow for greater analysis of variation amongst the
ldquoknotsrdquo that form through commotion
Furthermore regarding the teamrsquos attempt to ldquoflatten the hierarchyrdquo
their employed methods lay the groundwork for further experimentation with
this concept Perhaps something akin to American cultural resource
managementrsquos use of tribal cultural surveys could benefit future research
wherein the goal of the transect is solely to understand sacred landscapes
through an emic perspective This emic approach could have been applied
through greater local participation on the survey itself especially in the case
of the Ottoman-Modern landscape due to its historical continuity with the
current population
Nevertheless the value of Landscape and Interaction is
unmistakable Its data collection strategies are innovative and the breadth of
data collected and published is enormous Regardless of theoretical
orientation the data offer a wealth of information relevant to a wide variety of
research questions ranging from settlement patterns to social archaeology
Attempting to unite processual methods with post-processual interpretation is
a noble cause that deserves further refinement (Bintliff 1996) This is
especially the case with the ideas of commotion collaboration and
conviviality which provide an interesting tool for understanding the enormity
of data collected from the study of humanndashlandscape interaction
Theoretically driven survey seeks to answer broader anthropological
questions and the TAESP survey has made strides in furthering this aim
Overall the volumes are a model of large-scale siteless survey field
methodology within a multi-component landscape and are of use to both
students learning about and archaeologists conducting regional survey
96 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction
Notes
i httpintarchacukjournalissue204pottfindcfm
References
Bintliff John
1996 Interactions of Theory Methodology and Practice Archaeological
Dialogues 3(2)246ndash255
Caraher William
2006 Siteless Survey and Intensive Data Collection in an Artifact-Rich
Environment Case Studies from the Eastern Corinthia Greece
Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 3(2)246ndash255
Fleming Andrew
2006 Post-Processual Landscape Archaeology A Critique Cambridge
Archaeological Journal 16(3)267ndash280
Given Michael
2013 Commotion Collaboration Conviviality Mediterranean Survey and
the Interpretation of Landscape Journal of Mediterranean
Archaeology 26(1)3ndash26
Given Michael and Arthur Bernard Knapp
2003 The Sydney Cyprus Survey Project Social Approaches to Regional
Archaeological Survey Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of
Archaeology
Hodder Ian
1999 The Archaeological Process An Introduction Oxford Blackwell
2000 Developing a Reflexive Method in Archaeology In Towards
Reflexive Method in Archaeology The Example at Ccedilatalhoumlyuumlk Ian
Hodder ed Pp 3ndash14 Cambridge McDonald Institute
Johnson Matthew
1999 Archaeological Theory An Introduction Oxford Blackwell
Tartaron Thomas F
2006 The Eastern Korinthia Archaeological Survey Integrated Methods
for a Dynamic Landscape Hisperia 75(1)435ndash505
Watrous LV Desponia Hadzi-Vallianou and Harriet Blitzer
2004 The Plains of Phaistos Cycles of Social Complexity in the Mesara
Region of Crete Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of Archaeology
- FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-Frontmatter
- FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-BookReviews
- Mann-FN-Vol7(1)-2015-REVIEWS-LandscapeAndInteractionTheTroodosArchaeologicalAndEnvironmentalSurveyProjectCyprusVols1amp2
-
Field Notes
A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology
Volume 7 Number 1 June 2015
Published by the Anthropology Student Union (ASU)
at the University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee
Editors-in-Chief
Lara Ghisleni
Lindsey Jo Helms Thorson
Jessica Skinner
Editorial Board
William Balco Matt Dalstrom
Benjamin Campbell Jen-Li Ko
Amy Samuelson
Editorial Committee
Faculty Advisor
Kalman Applbaum
Cover Design
Jessica Skinner
Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology
University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee
Department of Anthropology
3413 N Downer Ave
390 Sabin Hall
Milwaukee WI 53211
4142294175
fldnotesuwmedu
httpwww4uwmeduStudentOrgasuField_Noteshtm
Lindsay Barone
Sarah Boncal
Maisie Buntin
Audree Espada
Abby Forster
Shannon Freire
Adrienne Frie
Kevin Garstki
Susan Hill
Katinka Hooyer
Anika Jones
Alexis Jordan
Hannah King
Krista-Lee Malone
Barbara McClendon
Aurora Prehn
Cheri Price
Helen Werner
Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology
June 2015 Volume 7(1)
Table of Contents
About the Contributors 5
Articles
Vulture Scavenging of Pig Remains at Varying Grave Depths 8
Aryn A Klein Texas State UniversityndashSan Marcos
History Violence and Legitimacy in Uganda An Anthropological 20
Analysis of Post-Colonial Politics and ICC Intervention
Todd Jonathan Ebling University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee
The Boundaries of Watchdog Journalism at the Milwaukee 36
Journal Sentinel
Aras Coskuntuncel American University
Current Debates
Neanderthal Behavioral Modernity and Symbolic Capabilities 60
Liam McGill Harvard University Harvard College
Book Reviews
Eugene Raikhel and William Garriott (eds) ndash Addiction 76
Trajectories 2013
Tara Gallagher University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee
Marilyn Johnson ndash Lives in Ruins Archaeologists and 82
the Seductive Lure of Human Rubble 2014
A Espada University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee
Haidy Geismar ndash Treasured Possessions Indigenous 86
Interventions into Cultural and Intellectual Property Law 2013
Liam Murphy University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee
Michael Given Arthur Bernard Knapp Jay S Noller 90
Luke Sollars and Vasiliki Kassianidou ndash Landscape and Interaction
The Troodos Archaeological and Environmental Survey Project
Cyprus vols 1 amp 2 2013
Justin Mann East Carolina University
Contributors 5
Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology
June 2015 Volume 7(1)
About the Contributors
Aras Coskuntuncel is a graduate student at American University working
toward his PhD in communication His focus is on the commodification of
information surveillance and the struggle over control of the flow of
information in the digital era and how these processes are playing out in
Turkey He graduated with his Masterrsquos degree from the University of
WisconsinndashMilwaukeersquos media studies program In his Masterrsquos thesis he
conducted an ethnographic study of the Milwaukee Journal Sentinelrsquos unique
transition from a general-purpose newspaper to a watchdog-centric journal
Before coming to the United States he was the diplomacy and foreign news
editor at the Hurriyet Daily News an English-language newspaper in Istanbul
Turkey
Todd Jonathan Ebling is a second year PhD student in cultural anthropology at
the University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee He received his Master of Arts
degree in International Economic Development and worked for a malaria
control program in Uganda in 2011 While in the anthropology graduate
program at UWndashMilwaukee his geographic focus has shifted from Sub-
Saharan Africa to South Asia He is currently studying non-profit organizations
and issues of social justice and community development in northern India
A Espada is a Masterrsquos student at the University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee
Her research interests include personal ornament in prehistory archaeology
and politics museum studies and cultural resource management She has
worked on numerous archaeological research projects in California Nevada
England and Spain
Tara Gallagher is a biological anthropology MS student at the University of
WisconsinndashMilwaukee studying neuroanthroplogy She previously earned her
Bachelors degree in anthropology theatre amp film and molecular biosciences
from the University of Kansas Her interests are with the intersection between
mental health and socio-cultural issues Taras primary research includes the
neuroscience of addiction emotional embodiment and brain development
6 Contributors
Aryn A Klein received her Masterrsquos degree from Texas State UniversityndashSan
Marcos Her areas of interest include forensic anthropology skeletal biology
and skeletal trauma Her current research concerns fracture patterning within
subadult populations
Justin Mann is a second year Masterrsquos student at East Carolina University He
received his BS in anthropology and history from the University of Wisconsinndash
Oshkosh His thesis research focuses on the medieval-Ottoman landscapes of
Cyprus and diachronic ceramic distributions among different villages located
in the Troodos region Additionally Justin maintains interests in Byzantine
archaeology ethnicity in the archaeological record and survey methodology
Liam McGill is an AB candidate at Harvard College who intends to study
anthropology He is currently interested in exploring the intersection of social
and biological anthropology
Liam Murphy is a graduate student at the University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee
He is pursuing a Masterrsquos degree in anthropology alongside a professional
certificate in museum studies Liam is particularly interested in museum
archaeology material culture studies and the history of archaeology His
thesis is investigating 19th century Smithsonian curator Carl Raursquos
contributions to the Smithsonian Institutionrsquos European archaeology
collection
Book Reviews
Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology 7(1)90ndash96 (June 2015) Copyright copy 2015 by Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology
Landscape and Interaction The Troodos
Archaeological and Environmental Survey Project
Cyprus vols 1 amp 2
Michael Given Arthur Bernard Knapp Jay S Noller Luke
Sollars and Vasiliki Kassianidou Oxford The Council for
British Research in the Levant and Oxbow Books 2013 696 pp
ISBN 9781782971870 (vol 1) $9000pound4800 9781782971887 (vol 2) $7600pound3800 Justin Mann East Carolina University
Landscape and Interaction is the culmination of a five-year study in
Cyprus conducted by Michael Given et al that endeavors to combine
regional survey methodology with ideas of landscape theory At the core of
the methodology employed is the framework of commotion collaboration
and conviviality concepts laid out by Given in a concurrently published paper
(Given 20133) In essence these terms refer to the constant movement of
human and natural agents (commotion) how they combine to change the
landscape (collaboration) and how connections between agents on the
landscape are formed (conviviality) Given and associates synthesize these
data from the Troodos Archaeological Environmental Survey Project
(TAESP) into a two-volume set Volume 1 Methodology Analysis amp
Interaction provides the methodological theoretical and raw data framework
for the TAESP survey Volume 2 The TAESP Landscape applies these
methods and data to the survey area while also incorporating historical
records and ethnographic evidence In short volume 1 functions as an
extended introduction to the methods and survey area while volume 2
presents conclusions drawn from the survey data in a geographical manner
The TAESP project is partly an extension of a previous survey the
Sydney Cyprus Survey Project (SCSP) conducted by the authors from 1992ndash
1997 in an adjacent region of northwestern Cyprus (Given and Knapp 2003)
Given et al apply much of the same methodology in both the SCSP survey
and the TAESP survey Rather than searching for sites or focusing on a
particular chronological period the authors use a regional perspective to
understand the interaction between people and the landscape This regional
focus is part of a ldquosecond waverdquo (Given 20135) of theoretically minded large
-scale survey projects throughout the Mediterranean world (Given and Knapp
2003 Tartaron et al 2006 cf Watrous et al 2004)
Mann 91
Volume 1 is divided into six chapters and begins with an informative
introduction providing the historical and archaeological contexts of the survey
area as well as the grouprsquos research aims The reader is introduced to the long
history of Cyprus ranging from the islandrsquos first inhabitants in the
Epipaleolithic to modern-day Cypriot communities In addition the authors
provide the theoretical underpinnings for TAESP in the first chapter
The theoretical framework of the TAESP survey is largely
constructed upon Ian Hodderrsquos (1999 2000) concept of ldquothe siterdquo wherein a
site is a collection of meanings or associations to a past or present group
(Given et al 2013 vol 110) In this mode of thinking the site is moved
beyond a geographically bounded collection of material culture (artifacts) to
an area of human interaction with shifting contexts which the archaeologist
must interpret This interpretation of ldquothe siterdquo goes hand in hand with
Givenrsquos commotion collaboration and conviviality in that data (eg sites
artifacts) are not objective remains that reflect a particular behavior but are
the byproduct of human motion across and interaction with the landscape
This theory drives the way the TAESP team collected data (siteless) and how
they interpreted the data (deciphering human-landscape interaction) As
Johnson states ldquowe [archaeologists] can never confront theory and data in-
stead we see data through a cloud of theoryrdquo (1999102) Commotion collab-
oration and conviviality make up the cloud through which the TAESP team
saw the data
The idea of the siteless survey is not new to Mediterranean survey
as Caraher (2006) has pointed out and this method has been utilized in past
surveys Proponents of this artifact-level data dense style of survey argue that
it more accurately reflects the material landscape of the survey universe The
adherence to a siteless survey methodology is manifested in the TAESP
survey through its hyper-intensive data collection strategies in addition to the
absence of ldquositesrdquo in the more traditional sensemdashie geographically bounded
feature or artifact rich units with excavation potential (eg a tomb) The
TAESP directors reconcile this lack of sites by instead choosing to focus the
survey on the artifact-level as opposed to site-level In doing so extreme
amounts of data were collected to form interpretive conclusions from the
resulting artifact carpets (artifact densities mapped onto the survey universe)
in an attempt to contextualize the landscape
The TAESP team presents the methodology for achieving this
siteless aim in ch 2 Their goal was to produce interdisciplinary and
regionally orientated data sets that project a more accurate representation of
the survey universe Field crews covered an area of 164 km2 performing
pedestrian transects in areas of high archaeological potential using a stratified
sampling method that divided the survey universe into Intensive Survey
92 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction
Zones (ISZs) and extensive zones The ISZs comprising areas of higher
archaeological potential were more frequently transected than the extensive
zones The authors then plot ldquovariation in artifact density function and date
across the entire landscape rather than centering analysis around specific
lsquositesrsquo or lsquodots on the maprsquordquo again rejecting the essentialism of the site
(Given et al 2013 vol 120) Instead Given and associates use the term
Places of Special Interest (POSIs) A POSI which in many ways is what
would normally constitute an archaeological ldquositerdquo is ldquoany location where
there was good reason whether cultural or natural for carrying out more
detailed recordingrdquo (Given et al 2013 vol 126) Architectural remains
including farmsteads mills churches mosques and villages are generally
listed as Places of Special Interest (POSIs) or Building Units (BUs) (Given et
al 2013 vol 1261ndash277) An admirable 30721 ceramic sherds were collected
and analyzed during the course of the survey (Given et al 2013 vol 125)
Specialists also directed crews to collect data on geomorphology
archaeometallurgy and geobotany As a measure of methodological integrity
the TAESP directors initiated a seeding experiment (Given et al 2013 vol
135) to ensure consistency in artifact collection by field crews This addition
of a quality control test aids in establishing the overall effectiveness of
TAESPrsquos field collection methods Overall the tried-and-true transect method
is appropriate and the inclusion of specialty fields (eg paleogeology
paleobotany) help to further the comprehensiveness of the survey
In addition to their siteless methodology Given et al undertake the
task of ldquoflattening the hierarchyrdquo of terrestrial survey (Given et al 2013 vol
111) This ldquoflatteningrdquo seeks to place the job of interpretation into the hands
of all who are walking the landscape The benefit to choosing this method is
imprecise as the opinions of those ldquoencounteringrdquo the landscape in the 21st
century no doubt bear little resemblance to the mindset of those in the 1st
century Landscape and Interaction cites the example of how a field crew
designated two hills as POSIs in spite of the absence of material remains
because of their integral nature to the landscape (Given et al 2013 vol 112)
It is implied that from fieldwalker to director integration was practiced in
interpreting the landscape It is unclear however how impactful this decision
was as analysis was carried out by those in directorate positions This hyper-
interpretative approach as classified by Fleming (2006) seeks to incorporate
an experiential element to the field survey This is much in line with the
surveyrsquos phenomenological approach to landscape analysis
The four main chronological sequences identified on the TAESP
landscape are presented chronologically in ch 3 Prehistoric Iron Age
Hellenistic-Roman and Medieval-Modern For ceramics a distinction is made
between fine-wares and utility wares and their geographical origin is noted
Mann 93
when possible Detailed ceramic lithic and special finds catalogues are
included in this chapter (Given et al 2013 vol 180ndash227) Defining village
or POSI boundaries was not a concern once again in keeping with the
theoretical framework of the survey This method of collection affects
potential analyses for instance conducting a comparative analysis between
features within specific POSIs is difficult due to the lack of detail provided
(outside of artifact assemblages found on transects)
The landscapendashhuman interaction and its influence on the material
culture found within the TAESP survey region is synthesized within chs 5ndash
6 The authors present in chronological order the settlement patterns
communication networks and subsistence strategies of the inhabitants of the
TAESP landscape viewed through the ideas presented in ch 1 (Given et al
2013 vol 1321) This chronology begins with the Epipaleolithic and ends
with the British colonial period Working with a landscape contextualized
through the siteless field methodology the authors focus here on reconciling
processualist-rooted data collection (field and collection methods) with post-
processual interpretation (commotion collaboration and conviviality) The
conclusions drawn are therefore interpreted from the data to understand the
diachronically changing dynamic of humanndashenvironment interaction These
chapters (5ndash6) are the most representative of the TAESP teamrsquos theoretical
framework Inferences are made as to human experience on and interaction
with the landscape This is opposed to the other chapters in volumes 1 and 2
which largely serve to establish methodology and organize data (often
geographically) with arguably less interpretative influence
The authors end volume 1 by offering an array of sites (defined in
the more traditional sense) for further investigation displaying a hope for
work to continue in the region This recommendation as well as the
subsequent declaration that to find sites was not TAESPrsquos intent are passive
concessions for the volumersquos lack of focus on traditional archaeological sites
and appear aimed at the archaeologist who is searching for TAESPrsquos
contribution to understanding the Cypriot landscape through the discovery
and analysis of traditional ldquositesrdquo
The authors organize volume 2 into four geographic sections the
plains the Karkotis Valley the Lagoudhera Valley and the mountains They
use this geographic layout to present the ldquorelationship between people and
their landscaperdquo (Given et al 2013 vol 22) Volume 2 primarily functions as
the results and discussion section for Landscape and Interaction as the
authors organize the various types of data (ie survey archaeometallurgical
botanical) to form diachronic conclusions of the TAESP landscape
The plains which encompass the Atsas Mandres and Koutraphas
geographic zones compose the first locale discussed in volume 2 (Given et al
94 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction
2013 vol 26ndash48) This ecological zone contains occupations dating from the
Epipaleolithic to the British colonial period (Given et al 2013 vol 27) Of
note is the Roman farmstead at Vrysi tou Haji Christophi and the Medieval-
Modern villages scattered throughout The Karkotis Valley the second
geographical zone presented exhibits continual occupation for over six
millennia (Given et al 2013 vol 251) This occupational history is in large
part due to the prime agricultural land located within the valley Several
tombs are also present dating from the pre-Bronze Age and Roman periods
within the Karkotis Valley at Laonarka and Pano Limna respectively
Occupation within the Troodos Mountains ecological zone is decidedly
narrower reaching only from the Late Roman period to the Byzantine-
Modern (Given et al 2013 vol 2205) The nature of Roman activity remains
unclear however it is clear that it differs from the farm steading occurring in
the plains ecological zone (Given et al 2013 vol 2211) An extensive
Byzantine-Modern component can be found in the Troodos The Asinou
church and monastery are exquisitely preserved examples of late 11th century
religious architecture that speak to this component (Given et al 2013 vol
2214)
The Lagoudhera Valley was an area of copper mining and extraction
within the survey universe and although smaller than Skouriotissa it
comprises a representative manifestation of the TAESP teamrsquos methodology
and interpretation practices Many of the conclusions drawn from the
Lagoudhera Valley are a product of the authorsrsquo contextualizationmdashie focus
on the off-site rather than the ldquositerdquomdashof the landscape POSIs created
through the ldquoflattening of the hierarchyrdquomdashsuch as the hills noted by survey
teamsmdashas well as artifact presence are used to trace the motion of people
across the landscape (commotion) The authors use these data to give an
interpretive view of the human activity and the social setting surrounding the
extraction of copper and its subsequent impact on the landscape (Given et al
2013 vol 2202) In sum whereas volume 1 details the material culture of the
TAESP survey universe and attempts to address the teamrsquos primary research
goals (eg humanndashlandscape interaction) volume 2 synthesizes the results of
the TAESP survey on an area-by-area basis that address explicit research
questions (eg copper production in the Upper Lagoudhera Valley) while
incorporating the work of interdisciplinary team members
Overall the work produced by Given et al in Landscape and
Interaction contains a wealth of data beneficial to its intended audience of
European and North American archaeologists interested in advancing
archaeology in the eastern Mediterranean basin as well as archaeologists
interested in landscape theory This is greatly enhanced by the publishing of
the TAESP as well as the SCSP data onlinei However the choice of the
Mann 95
TAESP team not to delimit and detail POSIs beyond geographical setting is
problematic ldquoVerbingrdquo humanndashenvironmental interactionmdashie describing
human actions through survey data rather than imposed rigid categories
(Given et al 2013 vol 1344)mdashsolely through artifact presenceabsence
across the landscape seems incomplete without including the context and
nature of ldquositesrdquo or POSIs in greater detail For example the TAESP teamrsquos
decision not to bound or GPS significant features within POSIs does not
allow for comparison study between the POSIs If significant features
differentiate POSIs from other areas of the transect it seems that defining
these spaces through a more traditional concept of ldquositerdquo would offer further
analytical potential Rather than undermining the siteless methodology
detailing the specifics that form within POSIs would provide more avenues
for archaeologists to analyze the data collected While conducting a siteless
survey has its benefits especially in a culturally diffuse landscape the
TAESP authors could strengthen their interpretations through the inclusion of
more POSI detail to allow for greater analysis of variation amongst the
ldquoknotsrdquo that form through commotion
Furthermore regarding the teamrsquos attempt to ldquoflatten the hierarchyrdquo
their employed methods lay the groundwork for further experimentation with
this concept Perhaps something akin to American cultural resource
managementrsquos use of tribal cultural surveys could benefit future research
wherein the goal of the transect is solely to understand sacred landscapes
through an emic perspective This emic approach could have been applied
through greater local participation on the survey itself especially in the case
of the Ottoman-Modern landscape due to its historical continuity with the
current population
Nevertheless the value of Landscape and Interaction is
unmistakable Its data collection strategies are innovative and the breadth of
data collected and published is enormous Regardless of theoretical
orientation the data offer a wealth of information relevant to a wide variety of
research questions ranging from settlement patterns to social archaeology
Attempting to unite processual methods with post-processual interpretation is
a noble cause that deserves further refinement (Bintliff 1996) This is
especially the case with the ideas of commotion collaboration and
conviviality which provide an interesting tool for understanding the enormity
of data collected from the study of humanndashlandscape interaction
Theoretically driven survey seeks to answer broader anthropological
questions and the TAESP survey has made strides in furthering this aim
Overall the volumes are a model of large-scale siteless survey field
methodology within a multi-component landscape and are of use to both
students learning about and archaeologists conducting regional survey
96 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction
Notes
i httpintarchacukjournalissue204pottfindcfm
References
Bintliff John
1996 Interactions of Theory Methodology and Practice Archaeological
Dialogues 3(2)246ndash255
Caraher William
2006 Siteless Survey and Intensive Data Collection in an Artifact-Rich
Environment Case Studies from the Eastern Corinthia Greece
Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 3(2)246ndash255
Fleming Andrew
2006 Post-Processual Landscape Archaeology A Critique Cambridge
Archaeological Journal 16(3)267ndash280
Given Michael
2013 Commotion Collaboration Conviviality Mediterranean Survey and
the Interpretation of Landscape Journal of Mediterranean
Archaeology 26(1)3ndash26
Given Michael and Arthur Bernard Knapp
2003 The Sydney Cyprus Survey Project Social Approaches to Regional
Archaeological Survey Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of
Archaeology
Hodder Ian
1999 The Archaeological Process An Introduction Oxford Blackwell
2000 Developing a Reflexive Method in Archaeology In Towards
Reflexive Method in Archaeology The Example at Ccedilatalhoumlyuumlk Ian
Hodder ed Pp 3ndash14 Cambridge McDonald Institute
Johnson Matthew
1999 Archaeological Theory An Introduction Oxford Blackwell
Tartaron Thomas F
2006 The Eastern Korinthia Archaeological Survey Integrated Methods
for a Dynamic Landscape Hisperia 75(1)435ndash505
Watrous LV Desponia Hadzi-Vallianou and Harriet Blitzer
2004 The Plains of Phaistos Cycles of Social Complexity in the Mesara
Region of Crete Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of Archaeology
- FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-Frontmatter
- FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-BookReviews
- Mann-FN-Vol7(1)-2015-REVIEWS-LandscapeAndInteractionTheTroodosArchaeologicalAndEnvironmentalSurveyProjectCyprusVols1amp2
-
Editorial Committee
Faculty Advisor
Kalman Applbaum
Cover Design
Jessica Skinner
Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology
University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee
Department of Anthropology
3413 N Downer Ave
390 Sabin Hall
Milwaukee WI 53211
4142294175
fldnotesuwmedu
httpwww4uwmeduStudentOrgasuField_Noteshtm
Lindsay Barone
Sarah Boncal
Maisie Buntin
Audree Espada
Abby Forster
Shannon Freire
Adrienne Frie
Kevin Garstki
Susan Hill
Katinka Hooyer
Anika Jones
Alexis Jordan
Hannah King
Krista-Lee Malone
Barbara McClendon
Aurora Prehn
Cheri Price
Helen Werner
Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology
June 2015 Volume 7(1)
Table of Contents
About the Contributors 5
Articles
Vulture Scavenging of Pig Remains at Varying Grave Depths 8
Aryn A Klein Texas State UniversityndashSan Marcos
History Violence and Legitimacy in Uganda An Anthropological 20
Analysis of Post-Colonial Politics and ICC Intervention
Todd Jonathan Ebling University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee
The Boundaries of Watchdog Journalism at the Milwaukee 36
Journal Sentinel
Aras Coskuntuncel American University
Current Debates
Neanderthal Behavioral Modernity and Symbolic Capabilities 60
Liam McGill Harvard University Harvard College
Book Reviews
Eugene Raikhel and William Garriott (eds) ndash Addiction 76
Trajectories 2013
Tara Gallagher University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee
Marilyn Johnson ndash Lives in Ruins Archaeologists and 82
the Seductive Lure of Human Rubble 2014
A Espada University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee
Haidy Geismar ndash Treasured Possessions Indigenous 86
Interventions into Cultural and Intellectual Property Law 2013
Liam Murphy University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee
Michael Given Arthur Bernard Knapp Jay S Noller 90
Luke Sollars and Vasiliki Kassianidou ndash Landscape and Interaction
The Troodos Archaeological and Environmental Survey Project
Cyprus vols 1 amp 2 2013
Justin Mann East Carolina University
Contributors 5
Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology
June 2015 Volume 7(1)
About the Contributors
Aras Coskuntuncel is a graduate student at American University working
toward his PhD in communication His focus is on the commodification of
information surveillance and the struggle over control of the flow of
information in the digital era and how these processes are playing out in
Turkey He graduated with his Masterrsquos degree from the University of
WisconsinndashMilwaukeersquos media studies program In his Masterrsquos thesis he
conducted an ethnographic study of the Milwaukee Journal Sentinelrsquos unique
transition from a general-purpose newspaper to a watchdog-centric journal
Before coming to the United States he was the diplomacy and foreign news
editor at the Hurriyet Daily News an English-language newspaper in Istanbul
Turkey
Todd Jonathan Ebling is a second year PhD student in cultural anthropology at
the University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee He received his Master of Arts
degree in International Economic Development and worked for a malaria
control program in Uganda in 2011 While in the anthropology graduate
program at UWndashMilwaukee his geographic focus has shifted from Sub-
Saharan Africa to South Asia He is currently studying non-profit organizations
and issues of social justice and community development in northern India
A Espada is a Masterrsquos student at the University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee
Her research interests include personal ornament in prehistory archaeology
and politics museum studies and cultural resource management She has
worked on numerous archaeological research projects in California Nevada
England and Spain
Tara Gallagher is a biological anthropology MS student at the University of
WisconsinndashMilwaukee studying neuroanthroplogy She previously earned her
Bachelors degree in anthropology theatre amp film and molecular biosciences
from the University of Kansas Her interests are with the intersection between
mental health and socio-cultural issues Taras primary research includes the
neuroscience of addiction emotional embodiment and brain development
6 Contributors
Aryn A Klein received her Masterrsquos degree from Texas State UniversityndashSan
Marcos Her areas of interest include forensic anthropology skeletal biology
and skeletal trauma Her current research concerns fracture patterning within
subadult populations
Justin Mann is a second year Masterrsquos student at East Carolina University He
received his BS in anthropology and history from the University of Wisconsinndash
Oshkosh His thesis research focuses on the medieval-Ottoman landscapes of
Cyprus and diachronic ceramic distributions among different villages located
in the Troodos region Additionally Justin maintains interests in Byzantine
archaeology ethnicity in the archaeological record and survey methodology
Liam McGill is an AB candidate at Harvard College who intends to study
anthropology He is currently interested in exploring the intersection of social
and biological anthropology
Liam Murphy is a graduate student at the University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee
He is pursuing a Masterrsquos degree in anthropology alongside a professional
certificate in museum studies Liam is particularly interested in museum
archaeology material culture studies and the history of archaeology His
thesis is investigating 19th century Smithsonian curator Carl Raursquos
contributions to the Smithsonian Institutionrsquos European archaeology
collection
Book Reviews
Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology 7(1)90ndash96 (June 2015) Copyright copy 2015 by Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology
Landscape and Interaction The Troodos
Archaeological and Environmental Survey Project
Cyprus vols 1 amp 2
Michael Given Arthur Bernard Knapp Jay S Noller Luke
Sollars and Vasiliki Kassianidou Oxford The Council for
British Research in the Levant and Oxbow Books 2013 696 pp
ISBN 9781782971870 (vol 1) $9000pound4800 9781782971887 (vol 2) $7600pound3800 Justin Mann East Carolina University
Landscape and Interaction is the culmination of a five-year study in
Cyprus conducted by Michael Given et al that endeavors to combine
regional survey methodology with ideas of landscape theory At the core of
the methodology employed is the framework of commotion collaboration
and conviviality concepts laid out by Given in a concurrently published paper
(Given 20133) In essence these terms refer to the constant movement of
human and natural agents (commotion) how they combine to change the
landscape (collaboration) and how connections between agents on the
landscape are formed (conviviality) Given and associates synthesize these
data from the Troodos Archaeological Environmental Survey Project
(TAESP) into a two-volume set Volume 1 Methodology Analysis amp
Interaction provides the methodological theoretical and raw data framework
for the TAESP survey Volume 2 The TAESP Landscape applies these
methods and data to the survey area while also incorporating historical
records and ethnographic evidence In short volume 1 functions as an
extended introduction to the methods and survey area while volume 2
presents conclusions drawn from the survey data in a geographical manner
The TAESP project is partly an extension of a previous survey the
Sydney Cyprus Survey Project (SCSP) conducted by the authors from 1992ndash
1997 in an adjacent region of northwestern Cyprus (Given and Knapp 2003)
Given et al apply much of the same methodology in both the SCSP survey
and the TAESP survey Rather than searching for sites or focusing on a
particular chronological period the authors use a regional perspective to
understand the interaction between people and the landscape This regional
focus is part of a ldquosecond waverdquo (Given 20135) of theoretically minded large
-scale survey projects throughout the Mediterranean world (Given and Knapp
2003 Tartaron et al 2006 cf Watrous et al 2004)
Mann 91
Volume 1 is divided into six chapters and begins with an informative
introduction providing the historical and archaeological contexts of the survey
area as well as the grouprsquos research aims The reader is introduced to the long
history of Cyprus ranging from the islandrsquos first inhabitants in the
Epipaleolithic to modern-day Cypriot communities In addition the authors
provide the theoretical underpinnings for TAESP in the first chapter
The theoretical framework of the TAESP survey is largely
constructed upon Ian Hodderrsquos (1999 2000) concept of ldquothe siterdquo wherein a
site is a collection of meanings or associations to a past or present group
(Given et al 2013 vol 110) In this mode of thinking the site is moved
beyond a geographically bounded collection of material culture (artifacts) to
an area of human interaction with shifting contexts which the archaeologist
must interpret This interpretation of ldquothe siterdquo goes hand in hand with
Givenrsquos commotion collaboration and conviviality in that data (eg sites
artifacts) are not objective remains that reflect a particular behavior but are
the byproduct of human motion across and interaction with the landscape
This theory drives the way the TAESP team collected data (siteless) and how
they interpreted the data (deciphering human-landscape interaction) As
Johnson states ldquowe [archaeologists] can never confront theory and data in-
stead we see data through a cloud of theoryrdquo (1999102) Commotion collab-
oration and conviviality make up the cloud through which the TAESP team
saw the data
The idea of the siteless survey is not new to Mediterranean survey
as Caraher (2006) has pointed out and this method has been utilized in past
surveys Proponents of this artifact-level data dense style of survey argue that
it more accurately reflects the material landscape of the survey universe The
adherence to a siteless survey methodology is manifested in the TAESP
survey through its hyper-intensive data collection strategies in addition to the
absence of ldquositesrdquo in the more traditional sensemdashie geographically bounded
feature or artifact rich units with excavation potential (eg a tomb) The
TAESP directors reconcile this lack of sites by instead choosing to focus the
survey on the artifact-level as opposed to site-level In doing so extreme
amounts of data were collected to form interpretive conclusions from the
resulting artifact carpets (artifact densities mapped onto the survey universe)
in an attempt to contextualize the landscape
The TAESP team presents the methodology for achieving this
siteless aim in ch 2 Their goal was to produce interdisciplinary and
regionally orientated data sets that project a more accurate representation of
the survey universe Field crews covered an area of 164 km2 performing
pedestrian transects in areas of high archaeological potential using a stratified
sampling method that divided the survey universe into Intensive Survey
92 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction
Zones (ISZs) and extensive zones The ISZs comprising areas of higher
archaeological potential were more frequently transected than the extensive
zones The authors then plot ldquovariation in artifact density function and date
across the entire landscape rather than centering analysis around specific
lsquositesrsquo or lsquodots on the maprsquordquo again rejecting the essentialism of the site
(Given et al 2013 vol 120) Instead Given and associates use the term
Places of Special Interest (POSIs) A POSI which in many ways is what
would normally constitute an archaeological ldquositerdquo is ldquoany location where
there was good reason whether cultural or natural for carrying out more
detailed recordingrdquo (Given et al 2013 vol 126) Architectural remains
including farmsteads mills churches mosques and villages are generally
listed as Places of Special Interest (POSIs) or Building Units (BUs) (Given et
al 2013 vol 1261ndash277) An admirable 30721 ceramic sherds were collected
and analyzed during the course of the survey (Given et al 2013 vol 125)
Specialists also directed crews to collect data on geomorphology
archaeometallurgy and geobotany As a measure of methodological integrity
the TAESP directors initiated a seeding experiment (Given et al 2013 vol
135) to ensure consistency in artifact collection by field crews This addition
of a quality control test aids in establishing the overall effectiveness of
TAESPrsquos field collection methods Overall the tried-and-true transect method
is appropriate and the inclusion of specialty fields (eg paleogeology
paleobotany) help to further the comprehensiveness of the survey
In addition to their siteless methodology Given et al undertake the
task of ldquoflattening the hierarchyrdquo of terrestrial survey (Given et al 2013 vol
111) This ldquoflatteningrdquo seeks to place the job of interpretation into the hands
of all who are walking the landscape The benefit to choosing this method is
imprecise as the opinions of those ldquoencounteringrdquo the landscape in the 21st
century no doubt bear little resemblance to the mindset of those in the 1st
century Landscape and Interaction cites the example of how a field crew
designated two hills as POSIs in spite of the absence of material remains
because of their integral nature to the landscape (Given et al 2013 vol 112)
It is implied that from fieldwalker to director integration was practiced in
interpreting the landscape It is unclear however how impactful this decision
was as analysis was carried out by those in directorate positions This hyper-
interpretative approach as classified by Fleming (2006) seeks to incorporate
an experiential element to the field survey This is much in line with the
surveyrsquos phenomenological approach to landscape analysis
The four main chronological sequences identified on the TAESP
landscape are presented chronologically in ch 3 Prehistoric Iron Age
Hellenistic-Roman and Medieval-Modern For ceramics a distinction is made
between fine-wares and utility wares and their geographical origin is noted
Mann 93
when possible Detailed ceramic lithic and special finds catalogues are
included in this chapter (Given et al 2013 vol 180ndash227) Defining village
or POSI boundaries was not a concern once again in keeping with the
theoretical framework of the survey This method of collection affects
potential analyses for instance conducting a comparative analysis between
features within specific POSIs is difficult due to the lack of detail provided
(outside of artifact assemblages found on transects)
The landscapendashhuman interaction and its influence on the material
culture found within the TAESP survey region is synthesized within chs 5ndash
6 The authors present in chronological order the settlement patterns
communication networks and subsistence strategies of the inhabitants of the
TAESP landscape viewed through the ideas presented in ch 1 (Given et al
2013 vol 1321) This chronology begins with the Epipaleolithic and ends
with the British colonial period Working with a landscape contextualized
through the siteless field methodology the authors focus here on reconciling
processualist-rooted data collection (field and collection methods) with post-
processual interpretation (commotion collaboration and conviviality) The
conclusions drawn are therefore interpreted from the data to understand the
diachronically changing dynamic of humanndashenvironment interaction These
chapters (5ndash6) are the most representative of the TAESP teamrsquos theoretical
framework Inferences are made as to human experience on and interaction
with the landscape This is opposed to the other chapters in volumes 1 and 2
which largely serve to establish methodology and organize data (often
geographically) with arguably less interpretative influence
The authors end volume 1 by offering an array of sites (defined in
the more traditional sense) for further investigation displaying a hope for
work to continue in the region This recommendation as well as the
subsequent declaration that to find sites was not TAESPrsquos intent are passive
concessions for the volumersquos lack of focus on traditional archaeological sites
and appear aimed at the archaeologist who is searching for TAESPrsquos
contribution to understanding the Cypriot landscape through the discovery
and analysis of traditional ldquositesrdquo
The authors organize volume 2 into four geographic sections the
plains the Karkotis Valley the Lagoudhera Valley and the mountains They
use this geographic layout to present the ldquorelationship between people and
their landscaperdquo (Given et al 2013 vol 22) Volume 2 primarily functions as
the results and discussion section for Landscape and Interaction as the
authors organize the various types of data (ie survey archaeometallurgical
botanical) to form diachronic conclusions of the TAESP landscape
The plains which encompass the Atsas Mandres and Koutraphas
geographic zones compose the first locale discussed in volume 2 (Given et al
94 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction
2013 vol 26ndash48) This ecological zone contains occupations dating from the
Epipaleolithic to the British colonial period (Given et al 2013 vol 27) Of
note is the Roman farmstead at Vrysi tou Haji Christophi and the Medieval-
Modern villages scattered throughout The Karkotis Valley the second
geographical zone presented exhibits continual occupation for over six
millennia (Given et al 2013 vol 251) This occupational history is in large
part due to the prime agricultural land located within the valley Several
tombs are also present dating from the pre-Bronze Age and Roman periods
within the Karkotis Valley at Laonarka and Pano Limna respectively
Occupation within the Troodos Mountains ecological zone is decidedly
narrower reaching only from the Late Roman period to the Byzantine-
Modern (Given et al 2013 vol 2205) The nature of Roman activity remains
unclear however it is clear that it differs from the farm steading occurring in
the plains ecological zone (Given et al 2013 vol 2211) An extensive
Byzantine-Modern component can be found in the Troodos The Asinou
church and monastery are exquisitely preserved examples of late 11th century
religious architecture that speak to this component (Given et al 2013 vol
2214)
The Lagoudhera Valley was an area of copper mining and extraction
within the survey universe and although smaller than Skouriotissa it
comprises a representative manifestation of the TAESP teamrsquos methodology
and interpretation practices Many of the conclusions drawn from the
Lagoudhera Valley are a product of the authorsrsquo contextualizationmdashie focus
on the off-site rather than the ldquositerdquomdashof the landscape POSIs created
through the ldquoflattening of the hierarchyrdquomdashsuch as the hills noted by survey
teamsmdashas well as artifact presence are used to trace the motion of people
across the landscape (commotion) The authors use these data to give an
interpretive view of the human activity and the social setting surrounding the
extraction of copper and its subsequent impact on the landscape (Given et al
2013 vol 2202) In sum whereas volume 1 details the material culture of the
TAESP survey universe and attempts to address the teamrsquos primary research
goals (eg humanndashlandscape interaction) volume 2 synthesizes the results of
the TAESP survey on an area-by-area basis that address explicit research
questions (eg copper production in the Upper Lagoudhera Valley) while
incorporating the work of interdisciplinary team members
Overall the work produced by Given et al in Landscape and
Interaction contains a wealth of data beneficial to its intended audience of
European and North American archaeologists interested in advancing
archaeology in the eastern Mediterranean basin as well as archaeologists
interested in landscape theory This is greatly enhanced by the publishing of
the TAESP as well as the SCSP data onlinei However the choice of the
Mann 95
TAESP team not to delimit and detail POSIs beyond geographical setting is
problematic ldquoVerbingrdquo humanndashenvironmental interactionmdashie describing
human actions through survey data rather than imposed rigid categories
(Given et al 2013 vol 1344)mdashsolely through artifact presenceabsence
across the landscape seems incomplete without including the context and
nature of ldquositesrdquo or POSIs in greater detail For example the TAESP teamrsquos
decision not to bound or GPS significant features within POSIs does not
allow for comparison study between the POSIs If significant features
differentiate POSIs from other areas of the transect it seems that defining
these spaces through a more traditional concept of ldquositerdquo would offer further
analytical potential Rather than undermining the siteless methodology
detailing the specifics that form within POSIs would provide more avenues
for archaeologists to analyze the data collected While conducting a siteless
survey has its benefits especially in a culturally diffuse landscape the
TAESP authors could strengthen their interpretations through the inclusion of
more POSI detail to allow for greater analysis of variation amongst the
ldquoknotsrdquo that form through commotion
Furthermore regarding the teamrsquos attempt to ldquoflatten the hierarchyrdquo
their employed methods lay the groundwork for further experimentation with
this concept Perhaps something akin to American cultural resource
managementrsquos use of tribal cultural surveys could benefit future research
wherein the goal of the transect is solely to understand sacred landscapes
through an emic perspective This emic approach could have been applied
through greater local participation on the survey itself especially in the case
of the Ottoman-Modern landscape due to its historical continuity with the
current population
Nevertheless the value of Landscape and Interaction is
unmistakable Its data collection strategies are innovative and the breadth of
data collected and published is enormous Regardless of theoretical
orientation the data offer a wealth of information relevant to a wide variety of
research questions ranging from settlement patterns to social archaeology
Attempting to unite processual methods with post-processual interpretation is
a noble cause that deserves further refinement (Bintliff 1996) This is
especially the case with the ideas of commotion collaboration and
conviviality which provide an interesting tool for understanding the enormity
of data collected from the study of humanndashlandscape interaction
Theoretically driven survey seeks to answer broader anthropological
questions and the TAESP survey has made strides in furthering this aim
Overall the volumes are a model of large-scale siteless survey field
methodology within a multi-component landscape and are of use to both
students learning about and archaeologists conducting regional survey
96 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction
Notes
i httpintarchacukjournalissue204pottfindcfm
References
Bintliff John
1996 Interactions of Theory Methodology and Practice Archaeological
Dialogues 3(2)246ndash255
Caraher William
2006 Siteless Survey and Intensive Data Collection in an Artifact-Rich
Environment Case Studies from the Eastern Corinthia Greece
Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 3(2)246ndash255
Fleming Andrew
2006 Post-Processual Landscape Archaeology A Critique Cambridge
Archaeological Journal 16(3)267ndash280
Given Michael
2013 Commotion Collaboration Conviviality Mediterranean Survey and
the Interpretation of Landscape Journal of Mediterranean
Archaeology 26(1)3ndash26
Given Michael and Arthur Bernard Knapp
2003 The Sydney Cyprus Survey Project Social Approaches to Regional
Archaeological Survey Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of
Archaeology
Hodder Ian
1999 The Archaeological Process An Introduction Oxford Blackwell
2000 Developing a Reflexive Method in Archaeology In Towards
Reflexive Method in Archaeology The Example at Ccedilatalhoumlyuumlk Ian
Hodder ed Pp 3ndash14 Cambridge McDonald Institute
Johnson Matthew
1999 Archaeological Theory An Introduction Oxford Blackwell
Tartaron Thomas F
2006 The Eastern Korinthia Archaeological Survey Integrated Methods
for a Dynamic Landscape Hisperia 75(1)435ndash505
Watrous LV Desponia Hadzi-Vallianou and Harriet Blitzer
2004 The Plains of Phaistos Cycles of Social Complexity in the Mesara
Region of Crete Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of Archaeology
- FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-Frontmatter
- FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-BookReviews
- Mann-FN-Vol7(1)-2015-REVIEWS-LandscapeAndInteractionTheTroodosArchaeologicalAndEnvironmentalSurveyProjectCyprusVols1amp2
-
Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology
June 2015 Volume 7(1)
Table of Contents
About the Contributors 5
Articles
Vulture Scavenging of Pig Remains at Varying Grave Depths 8
Aryn A Klein Texas State UniversityndashSan Marcos
History Violence and Legitimacy in Uganda An Anthropological 20
Analysis of Post-Colonial Politics and ICC Intervention
Todd Jonathan Ebling University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee
The Boundaries of Watchdog Journalism at the Milwaukee 36
Journal Sentinel
Aras Coskuntuncel American University
Current Debates
Neanderthal Behavioral Modernity and Symbolic Capabilities 60
Liam McGill Harvard University Harvard College
Book Reviews
Eugene Raikhel and William Garriott (eds) ndash Addiction 76
Trajectories 2013
Tara Gallagher University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee
Marilyn Johnson ndash Lives in Ruins Archaeologists and 82
the Seductive Lure of Human Rubble 2014
A Espada University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee
Haidy Geismar ndash Treasured Possessions Indigenous 86
Interventions into Cultural and Intellectual Property Law 2013
Liam Murphy University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee
Michael Given Arthur Bernard Knapp Jay S Noller 90
Luke Sollars and Vasiliki Kassianidou ndash Landscape and Interaction
The Troodos Archaeological and Environmental Survey Project
Cyprus vols 1 amp 2 2013
Justin Mann East Carolina University
Contributors 5
Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology
June 2015 Volume 7(1)
About the Contributors
Aras Coskuntuncel is a graduate student at American University working
toward his PhD in communication His focus is on the commodification of
information surveillance and the struggle over control of the flow of
information in the digital era and how these processes are playing out in
Turkey He graduated with his Masterrsquos degree from the University of
WisconsinndashMilwaukeersquos media studies program In his Masterrsquos thesis he
conducted an ethnographic study of the Milwaukee Journal Sentinelrsquos unique
transition from a general-purpose newspaper to a watchdog-centric journal
Before coming to the United States he was the diplomacy and foreign news
editor at the Hurriyet Daily News an English-language newspaper in Istanbul
Turkey
Todd Jonathan Ebling is a second year PhD student in cultural anthropology at
the University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee He received his Master of Arts
degree in International Economic Development and worked for a malaria
control program in Uganda in 2011 While in the anthropology graduate
program at UWndashMilwaukee his geographic focus has shifted from Sub-
Saharan Africa to South Asia He is currently studying non-profit organizations
and issues of social justice and community development in northern India
A Espada is a Masterrsquos student at the University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee
Her research interests include personal ornament in prehistory archaeology
and politics museum studies and cultural resource management She has
worked on numerous archaeological research projects in California Nevada
England and Spain
Tara Gallagher is a biological anthropology MS student at the University of
WisconsinndashMilwaukee studying neuroanthroplogy She previously earned her
Bachelors degree in anthropology theatre amp film and molecular biosciences
from the University of Kansas Her interests are with the intersection between
mental health and socio-cultural issues Taras primary research includes the
neuroscience of addiction emotional embodiment and brain development
6 Contributors
Aryn A Klein received her Masterrsquos degree from Texas State UniversityndashSan
Marcos Her areas of interest include forensic anthropology skeletal biology
and skeletal trauma Her current research concerns fracture patterning within
subadult populations
Justin Mann is a second year Masterrsquos student at East Carolina University He
received his BS in anthropology and history from the University of Wisconsinndash
Oshkosh His thesis research focuses on the medieval-Ottoman landscapes of
Cyprus and diachronic ceramic distributions among different villages located
in the Troodos region Additionally Justin maintains interests in Byzantine
archaeology ethnicity in the archaeological record and survey methodology
Liam McGill is an AB candidate at Harvard College who intends to study
anthropology He is currently interested in exploring the intersection of social
and biological anthropology
Liam Murphy is a graduate student at the University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee
He is pursuing a Masterrsquos degree in anthropology alongside a professional
certificate in museum studies Liam is particularly interested in museum
archaeology material culture studies and the history of archaeology His
thesis is investigating 19th century Smithsonian curator Carl Raursquos
contributions to the Smithsonian Institutionrsquos European archaeology
collection
Book Reviews
Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology 7(1)90ndash96 (June 2015) Copyright copy 2015 by Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology
Landscape and Interaction The Troodos
Archaeological and Environmental Survey Project
Cyprus vols 1 amp 2
Michael Given Arthur Bernard Knapp Jay S Noller Luke
Sollars and Vasiliki Kassianidou Oxford The Council for
British Research in the Levant and Oxbow Books 2013 696 pp
ISBN 9781782971870 (vol 1) $9000pound4800 9781782971887 (vol 2) $7600pound3800 Justin Mann East Carolina University
Landscape and Interaction is the culmination of a five-year study in
Cyprus conducted by Michael Given et al that endeavors to combine
regional survey methodology with ideas of landscape theory At the core of
the methodology employed is the framework of commotion collaboration
and conviviality concepts laid out by Given in a concurrently published paper
(Given 20133) In essence these terms refer to the constant movement of
human and natural agents (commotion) how they combine to change the
landscape (collaboration) and how connections between agents on the
landscape are formed (conviviality) Given and associates synthesize these
data from the Troodos Archaeological Environmental Survey Project
(TAESP) into a two-volume set Volume 1 Methodology Analysis amp
Interaction provides the methodological theoretical and raw data framework
for the TAESP survey Volume 2 The TAESP Landscape applies these
methods and data to the survey area while also incorporating historical
records and ethnographic evidence In short volume 1 functions as an
extended introduction to the methods and survey area while volume 2
presents conclusions drawn from the survey data in a geographical manner
The TAESP project is partly an extension of a previous survey the
Sydney Cyprus Survey Project (SCSP) conducted by the authors from 1992ndash
1997 in an adjacent region of northwestern Cyprus (Given and Knapp 2003)
Given et al apply much of the same methodology in both the SCSP survey
and the TAESP survey Rather than searching for sites or focusing on a
particular chronological period the authors use a regional perspective to
understand the interaction between people and the landscape This regional
focus is part of a ldquosecond waverdquo (Given 20135) of theoretically minded large
-scale survey projects throughout the Mediterranean world (Given and Knapp
2003 Tartaron et al 2006 cf Watrous et al 2004)
Mann 91
Volume 1 is divided into six chapters and begins with an informative
introduction providing the historical and archaeological contexts of the survey
area as well as the grouprsquos research aims The reader is introduced to the long
history of Cyprus ranging from the islandrsquos first inhabitants in the
Epipaleolithic to modern-day Cypriot communities In addition the authors
provide the theoretical underpinnings for TAESP in the first chapter
The theoretical framework of the TAESP survey is largely
constructed upon Ian Hodderrsquos (1999 2000) concept of ldquothe siterdquo wherein a
site is a collection of meanings or associations to a past or present group
(Given et al 2013 vol 110) In this mode of thinking the site is moved
beyond a geographically bounded collection of material culture (artifacts) to
an area of human interaction with shifting contexts which the archaeologist
must interpret This interpretation of ldquothe siterdquo goes hand in hand with
Givenrsquos commotion collaboration and conviviality in that data (eg sites
artifacts) are not objective remains that reflect a particular behavior but are
the byproduct of human motion across and interaction with the landscape
This theory drives the way the TAESP team collected data (siteless) and how
they interpreted the data (deciphering human-landscape interaction) As
Johnson states ldquowe [archaeologists] can never confront theory and data in-
stead we see data through a cloud of theoryrdquo (1999102) Commotion collab-
oration and conviviality make up the cloud through which the TAESP team
saw the data
The idea of the siteless survey is not new to Mediterranean survey
as Caraher (2006) has pointed out and this method has been utilized in past
surveys Proponents of this artifact-level data dense style of survey argue that
it more accurately reflects the material landscape of the survey universe The
adherence to a siteless survey methodology is manifested in the TAESP
survey through its hyper-intensive data collection strategies in addition to the
absence of ldquositesrdquo in the more traditional sensemdashie geographically bounded
feature or artifact rich units with excavation potential (eg a tomb) The
TAESP directors reconcile this lack of sites by instead choosing to focus the
survey on the artifact-level as opposed to site-level In doing so extreme
amounts of data were collected to form interpretive conclusions from the
resulting artifact carpets (artifact densities mapped onto the survey universe)
in an attempt to contextualize the landscape
The TAESP team presents the methodology for achieving this
siteless aim in ch 2 Their goal was to produce interdisciplinary and
regionally orientated data sets that project a more accurate representation of
the survey universe Field crews covered an area of 164 km2 performing
pedestrian transects in areas of high archaeological potential using a stratified
sampling method that divided the survey universe into Intensive Survey
92 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction
Zones (ISZs) and extensive zones The ISZs comprising areas of higher
archaeological potential were more frequently transected than the extensive
zones The authors then plot ldquovariation in artifact density function and date
across the entire landscape rather than centering analysis around specific
lsquositesrsquo or lsquodots on the maprsquordquo again rejecting the essentialism of the site
(Given et al 2013 vol 120) Instead Given and associates use the term
Places of Special Interest (POSIs) A POSI which in many ways is what
would normally constitute an archaeological ldquositerdquo is ldquoany location where
there was good reason whether cultural or natural for carrying out more
detailed recordingrdquo (Given et al 2013 vol 126) Architectural remains
including farmsteads mills churches mosques and villages are generally
listed as Places of Special Interest (POSIs) or Building Units (BUs) (Given et
al 2013 vol 1261ndash277) An admirable 30721 ceramic sherds were collected
and analyzed during the course of the survey (Given et al 2013 vol 125)
Specialists also directed crews to collect data on geomorphology
archaeometallurgy and geobotany As a measure of methodological integrity
the TAESP directors initiated a seeding experiment (Given et al 2013 vol
135) to ensure consistency in artifact collection by field crews This addition
of a quality control test aids in establishing the overall effectiveness of
TAESPrsquos field collection methods Overall the tried-and-true transect method
is appropriate and the inclusion of specialty fields (eg paleogeology
paleobotany) help to further the comprehensiveness of the survey
In addition to their siteless methodology Given et al undertake the
task of ldquoflattening the hierarchyrdquo of terrestrial survey (Given et al 2013 vol
111) This ldquoflatteningrdquo seeks to place the job of interpretation into the hands
of all who are walking the landscape The benefit to choosing this method is
imprecise as the opinions of those ldquoencounteringrdquo the landscape in the 21st
century no doubt bear little resemblance to the mindset of those in the 1st
century Landscape and Interaction cites the example of how a field crew
designated two hills as POSIs in spite of the absence of material remains
because of their integral nature to the landscape (Given et al 2013 vol 112)
It is implied that from fieldwalker to director integration was practiced in
interpreting the landscape It is unclear however how impactful this decision
was as analysis was carried out by those in directorate positions This hyper-
interpretative approach as classified by Fleming (2006) seeks to incorporate
an experiential element to the field survey This is much in line with the
surveyrsquos phenomenological approach to landscape analysis
The four main chronological sequences identified on the TAESP
landscape are presented chronologically in ch 3 Prehistoric Iron Age
Hellenistic-Roman and Medieval-Modern For ceramics a distinction is made
between fine-wares and utility wares and their geographical origin is noted
Mann 93
when possible Detailed ceramic lithic and special finds catalogues are
included in this chapter (Given et al 2013 vol 180ndash227) Defining village
or POSI boundaries was not a concern once again in keeping with the
theoretical framework of the survey This method of collection affects
potential analyses for instance conducting a comparative analysis between
features within specific POSIs is difficult due to the lack of detail provided
(outside of artifact assemblages found on transects)
The landscapendashhuman interaction and its influence on the material
culture found within the TAESP survey region is synthesized within chs 5ndash
6 The authors present in chronological order the settlement patterns
communication networks and subsistence strategies of the inhabitants of the
TAESP landscape viewed through the ideas presented in ch 1 (Given et al
2013 vol 1321) This chronology begins with the Epipaleolithic and ends
with the British colonial period Working with a landscape contextualized
through the siteless field methodology the authors focus here on reconciling
processualist-rooted data collection (field and collection methods) with post-
processual interpretation (commotion collaboration and conviviality) The
conclusions drawn are therefore interpreted from the data to understand the
diachronically changing dynamic of humanndashenvironment interaction These
chapters (5ndash6) are the most representative of the TAESP teamrsquos theoretical
framework Inferences are made as to human experience on and interaction
with the landscape This is opposed to the other chapters in volumes 1 and 2
which largely serve to establish methodology and organize data (often
geographically) with arguably less interpretative influence
The authors end volume 1 by offering an array of sites (defined in
the more traditional sense) for further investigation displaying a hope for
work to continue in the region This recommendation as well as the
subsequent declaration that to find sites was not TAESPrsquos intent are passive
concessions for the volumersquos lack of focus on traditional archaeological sites
and appear aimed at the archaeologist who is searching for TAESPrsquos
contribution to understanding the Cypriot landscape through the discovery
and analysis of traditional ldquositesrdquo
The authors organize volume 2 into four geographic sections the
plains the Karkotis Valley the Lagoudhera Valley and the mountains They
use this geographic layout to present the ldquorelationship between people and
their landscaperdquo (Given et al 2013 vol 22) Volume 2 primarily functions as
the results and discussion section for Landscape and Interaction as the
authors organize the various types of data (ie survey archaeometallurgical
botanical) to form diachronic conclusions of the TAESP landscape
The plains which encompass the Atsas Mandres and Koutraphas
geographic zones compose the first locale discussed in volume 2 (Given et al
94 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction
2013 vol 26ndash48) This ecological zone contains occupations dating from the
Epipaleolithic to the British colonial period (Given et al 2013 vol 27) Of
note is the Roman farmstead at Vrysi tou Haji Christophi and the Medieval-
Modern villages scattered throughout The Karkotis Valley the second
geographical zone presented exhibits continual occupation for over six
millennia (Given et al 2013 vol 251) This occupational history is in large
part due to the prime agricultural land located within the valley Several
tombs are also present dating from the pre-Bronze Age and Roman periods
within the Karkotis Valley at Laonarka and Pano Limna respectively
Occupation within the Troodos Mountains ecological zone is decidedly
narrower reaching only from the Late Roman period to the Byzantine-
Modern (Given et al 2013 vol 2205) The nature of Roman activity remains
unclear however it is clear that it differs from the farm steading occurring in
the plains ecological zone (Given et al 2013 vol 2211) An extensive
Byzantine-Modern component can be found in the Troodos The Asinou
church and monastery are exquisitely preserved examples of late 11th century
religious architecture that speak to this component (Given et al 2013 vol
2214)
The Lagoudhera Valley was an area of copper mining and extraction
within the survey universe and although smaller than Skouriotissa it
comprises a representative manifestation of the TAESP teamrsquos methodology
and interpretation practices Many of the conclusions drawn from the
Lagoudhera Valley are a product of the authorsrsquo contextualizationmdashie focus
on the off-site rather than the ldquositerdquomdashof the landscape POSIs created
through the ldquoflattening of the hierarchyrdquomdashsuch as the hills noted by survey
teamsmdashas well as artifact presence are used to trace the motion of people
across the landscape (commotion) The authors use these data to give an
interpretive view of the human activity and the social setting surrounding the
extraction of copper and its subsequent impact on the landscape (Given et al
2013 vol 2202) In sum whereas volume 1 details the material culture of the
TAESP survey universe and attempts to address the teamrsquos primary research
goals (eg humanndashlandscape interaction) volume 2 synthesizes the results of
the TAESP survey on an area-by-area basis that address explicit research
questions (eg copper production in the Upper Lagoudhera Valley) while
incorporating the work of interdisciplinary team members
Overall the work produced by Given et al in Landscape and
Interaction contains a wealth of data beneficial to its intended audience of
European and North American archaeologists interested in advancing
archaeology in the eastern Mediterranean basin as well as archaeologists
interested in landscape theory This is greatly enhanced by the publishing of
the TAESP as well as the SCSP data onlinei However the choice of the
Mann 95
TAESP team not to delimit and detail POSIs beyond geographical setting is
problematic ldquoVerbingrdquo humanndashenvironmental interactionmdashie describing
human actions through survey data rather than imposed rigid categories
(Given et al 2013 vol 1344)mdashsolely through artifact presenceabsence
across the landscape seems incomplete without including the context and
nature of ldquositesrdquo or POSIs in greater detail For example the TAESP teamrsquos
decision not to bound or GPS significant features within POSIs does not
allow for comparison study between the POSIs If significant features
differentiate POSIs from other areas of the transect it seems that defining
these spaces through a more traditional concept of ldquositerdquo would offer further
analytical potential Rather than undermining the siteless methodology
detailing the specifics that form within POSIs would provide more avenues
for archaeologists to analyze the data collected While conducting a siteless
survey has its benefits especially in a culturally diffuse landscape the
TAESP authors could strengthen their interpretations through the inclusion of
more POSI detail to allow for greater analysis of variation amongst the
ldquoknotsrdquo that form through commotion
Furthermore regarding the teamrsquos attempt to ldquoflatten the hierarchyrdquo
their employed methods lay the groundwork for further experimentation with
this concept Perhaps something akin to American cultural resource
managementrsquos use of tribal cultural surveys could benefit future research
wherein the goal of the transect is solely to understand sacred landscapes
through an emic perspective This emic approach could have been applied
through greater local participation on the survey itself especially in the case
of the Ottoman-Modern landscape due to its historical continuity with the
current population
Nevertheless the value of Landscape and Interaction is
unmistakable Its data collection strategies are innovative and the breadth of
data collected and published is enormous Regardless of theoretical
orientation the data offer a wealth of information relevant to a wide variety of
research questions ranging from settlement patterns to social archaeology
Attempting to unite processual methods with post-processual interpretation is
a noble cause that deserves further refinement (Bintliff 1996) This is
especially the case with the ideas of commotion collaboration and
conviviality which provide an interesting tool for understanding the enormity
of data collected from the study of humanndashlandscape interaction
Theoretically driven survey seeks to answer broader anthropological
questions and the TAESP survey has made strides in furthering this aim
Overall the volumes are a model of large-scale siteless survey field
methodology within a multi-component landscape and are of use to both
students learning about and archaeologists conducting regional survey
96 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction
Notes
i httpintarchacukjournalissue204pottfindcfm
References
Bintliff John
1996 Interactions of Theory Methodology and Practice Archaeological
Dialogues 3(2)246ndash255
Caraher William
2006 Siteless Survey and Intensive Data Collection in an Artifact-Rich
Environment Case Studies from the Eastern Corinthia Greece
Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 3(2)246ndash255
Fleming Andrew
2006 Post-Processual Landscape Archaeology A Critique Cambridge
Archaeological Journal 16(3)267ndash280
Given Michael
2013 Commotion Collaboration Conviviality Mediterranean Survey and
the Interpretation of Landscape Journal of Mediterranean
Archaeology 26(1)3ndash26
Given Michael and Arthur Bernard Knapp
2003 The Sydney Cyprus Survey Project Social Approaches to Regional
Archaeological Survey Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of
Archaeology
Hodder Ian
1999 The Archaeological Process An Introduction Oxford Blackwell
2000 Developing a Reflexive Method in Archaeology In Towards
Reflexive Method in Archaeology The Example at Ccedilatalhoumlyuumlk Ian
Hodder ed Pp 3ndash14 Cambridge McDonald Institute
Johnson Matthew
1999 Archaeological Theory An Introduction Oxford Blackwell
Tartaron Thomas F
2006 The Eastern Korinthia Archaeological Survey Integrated Methods
for a Dynamic Landscape Hisperia 75(1)435ndash505
Watrous LV Desponia Hadzi-Vallianou and Harriet Blitzer
2004 The Plains of Phaistos Cycles of Social Complexity in the Mesara
Region of Crete Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of Archaeology
- FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-Frontmatter
- FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-BookReviews
- Mann-FN-Vol7(1)-2015-REVIEWS-LandscapeAndInteractionTheTroodosArchaeologicalAndEnvironmentalSurveyProjectCyprusVols1amp2
-
Contributors 5
Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology
June 2015 Volume 7(1)
About the Contributors
Aras Coskuntuncel is a graduate student at American University working
toward his PhD in communication His focus is on the commodification of
information surveillance and the struggle over control of the flow of
information in the digital era and how these processes are playing out in
Turkey He graduated with his Masterrsquos degree from the University of
WisconsinndashMilwaukeersquos media studies program In his Masterrsquos thesis he
conducted an ethnographic study of the Milwaukee Journal Sentinelrsquos unique
transition from a general-purpose newspaper to a watchdog-centric journal
Before coming to the United States he was the diplomacy and foreign news
editor at the Hurriyet Daily News an English-language newspaper in Istanbul
Turkey
Todd Jonathan Ebling is a second year PhD student in cultural anthropology at
the University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee He received his Master of Arts
degree in International Economic Development and worked for a malaria
control program in Uganda in 2011 While in the anthropology graduate
program at UWndashMilwaukee his geographic focus has shifted from Sub-
Saharan Africa to South Asia He is currently studying non-profit organizations
and issues of social justice and community development in northern India
A Espada is a Masterrsquos student at the University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee
Her research interests include personal ornament in prehistory archaeology
and politics museum studies and cultural resource management She has
worked on numerous archaeological research projects in California Nevada
England and Spain
Tara Gallagher is a biological anthropology MS student at the University of
WisconsinndashMilwaukee studying neuroanthroplogy She previously earned her
Bachelors degree in anthropology theatre amp film and molecular biosciences
from the University of Kansas Her interests are with the intersection between
mental health and socio-cultural issues Taras primary research includes the
neuroscience of addiction emotional embodiment and brain development
6 Contributors
Aryn A Klein received her Masterrsquos degree from Texas State UniversityndashSan
Marcos Her areas of interest include forensic anthropology skeletal biology
and skeletal trauma Her current research concerns fracture patterning within
subadult populations
Justin Mann is a second year Masterrsquos student at East Carolina University He
received his BS in anthropology and history from the University of Wisconsinndash
Oshkosh His thesis research focuses on the medieval-Ottoman landscapes of
Cyprus and diachronic ceramic distributions among different villages located
in the Troodos region Additionally Justin maintains interests in Byzantine
archaeology ethnicity in the archaeological record and survey methodology
Liam McGill is an AB candidate at Harvard College who intends to study
anthropology He is currently interested in exploring the intersection of social
and biological anthropology
Liam Murphy is a graduate student at the University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee
He is pursuing a Masterrsquos degree in anthropology alongside a professional
certificate in museum studies Liam is particularly interested in museum
archaeology material culture studies and the history of archaeology His
thesis is investigating 19th century Smithsonian curator Carl Raursquos
contributions to the Smithsonian Institutionrsquos European archaeology
collection
Book Reviews
Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology 7(1)90ndash96 (June 2015) Copyright copy 2015 by Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology
Landscape and Interaction The Troodos
Archaeological and Environmental Survey Project
Cyprus vols 1 amp 2
Michael Given Arthur Bernard Knapp Jay S Noller Luke
Sollars and Vasiliki Kassianidou Oxford The Council for
British Research in the Levant and Oxbow Books 2013 696 pp
ISBN 9781782971870 (vol 1) $9000pound4800 9781782971887 (vol 2) $7600pound3800 Justin Mann East Carolina University
Landscape and Interaction is the culmination of a five-year study in
Cyprus conducted by Michael Given et al that endeavors to combine
regional survey methodology with ideas of landscape theory At the core of
the methodology employed is the framework of commotion collaboration
and conviviality concepts laid out by Given in a concurrently published paper
(Given 20133) In essence these terms refer to the constant movement of
human and natural agents (commotion) how they combine to change the
landscape (collaboration) and how connections between agents on the
landscape are formed (conviviality) Given and associates synthesize these
data from the Troodos Archaeological Environmental Survey Project
(TAESP) into a two-volume set Volume 1 Methodology Analysis amp
Interaction provides the methodological theoretical and raw data framework
for the TAESP survey Volume 2 The TAESP Landscape applies these
methods and data to the survey area while also incorporating historical
records and ethnographic evidence In short volume 1 functions as an
extended introduction to the methods and survey area while volume 2
presents conclusions drawn from the survey data in a geographical manner
The TAESP project is partly an extension of a previous survey the
Sydney Cyprus Survey Project (SCSP) conducted by the authors from 1992ndash
1997 in an adjacent region of northwestern Cyprus (Given and Knapp 2003)
Given et al apply much of the same methodology in both the SCSP survey
and the TAESP survey Rather than searching for sites or focusing on a
particular chronological period the authors use a regional perspective to
understand the interaction between people and the landscape This regional
focus is part of a ldquosecond waverdquo (Given 20135) of theoretically minded large
-scale survey projects throughout the Mediterranean world (Given and Knapp
2003 Tartaron et al 2006 cf Watrous et al 2004)
Mann 91
Volume 1 is divided into six chapters and begins with an informative
introduction providing the historical and archaeological contexts of the survey
area as well as the grouprsquos research aims The reader is introduced to the long
history of Cyprus ranging from the islandrsquos first inhabitants in the
Epipaleolithic to modern-day Cypriot communities In addition the authors
provide the theoretical underpinnings for TAESP in the first chapter
The theoretical framework of the TAESP survey is largely
constructed upon Ian Hodderrsquos (1999 2000) concept of ldquothe siterdquo wherein a
site is a collection of meanings or associations to a past or present group
(Given et al 2013 vol 110) In this mode of thinking the site is moved
beyond a geographically bounded collection of material culture (artifacts) to
an area of human interaction with shifting contexts which the archaeologist
must interpret This interpretation of ldquothe siterdquo goes hand in hand with
Givenrsquos commotion collaboration and conviviality in that data (eg sites
artifacts) are not objective remains that reflect a particular behavior but are
the byproduct of human motion across and interaction with the landscape
This theory drives the way the TAESP team collected data (siteless) and how
they interpreted the data (deciphering human-landscape interaction) As
Johnson states ldquowe [archaeologists] can never confront theory and data in-
stead we see data through a cloud of theoryrdquo (1999102) Commotion collab-
oration and conviviality make up the cloud through which the TAESP team
saw the data
The idea of the siteless survey is not new to Mediterranean survey
as Caraher (2006) has pointed out and this method has been utilized in past
surveys Proponents of this artifact-level data dense style of survey argue that
it more accurately reflects the material landscape of the survey universe The
adherence to a siteless survey methodology is manifested in the TAESP
survey through its hyper-intensive data collection strategies in addition to the
absence of ldquositesrdquo in the more traditional sensemdashie geographically bounded
feature or artifact rich units with excavation potential (eg a tomb) The
TAESP directors reconcile this lack of sites by instead choosing to focus the
survey on the artifact-level as opposed to site-level In doing so extreme
amounts of data were collected to form interpretive conclusions from the
resulting artifact carpets (artifact densities mapped onto the survey universe)
in an attempt to contextualize the landscape
The TAESP team presents the methodology for achieving this
siteless aim in ch 2 Their goal was to produce interdisciplinary and
regionally orientated data sets that project a more accurate representation of
the survey universe Field crews covered an area of 164 km2 performing
pedestrian transects in areas of high archaeological potential using a stratified
sampling method that divided the survey universe into Intensive Survey
92 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction
Zones (ISZs) and extensive zones The ISZs comprising areas of higher
archaeological potential were more frequently transected than the extensive
zones The authors then plot ldquovariation in artifact density function and date
across the entire landscape rather than centering analysis around specific
lsquositesrsquo or lsquodots on the maprsquordquo again rejecting the essentialism of the site
(Given et al 2013 vol 120) Instead Given and associates use the term
Places of Special Interest (POSIs) A POSI which in many ways is what
would normally constitute an archaeological ldquositerdquo is ldquoany location where
there was good reason whether cultural or natural for carrying out more
detailed recordingrdquo (Given et al 2013 vol 126) Architectural remains
including farmsteads mills churches mosques and villages are generally
listed as Places of Special Interest (POSIs) or Building Units (BUs) (Given et
al 2013 vol 1261ndash277) An admirable 30721 ceramic sherds were collected
and analyzed during the course of the survey (Given et al 2013 vol 125)
Specialists also directed crews to collect data on geomorphology
archaeometallurgy and geobotany As a measure of methodological integrity
the TAESP directors initiated a seeding experiment (Given et al 2013 vol
135) to ensure consistency in artifact collection by field crews This addition
of a quality control test aids in establishing the overall effectiveness of
TAESPrsquos field collection methods Overall the tried-and-true transect method
is appropriate and the inclusion of specialty fields (eg paleogeology
paleobotany) help to further the comprehensiveness of the survey
In addition to their siteless methodology Given et al undertake the
task of ldquoflattening the hierarchyrdquo of terrestrial survey (Given et al 2013 vol
111) This ldquoflatteningrdquo seeks to place the job of interpretation into the hands
of all who are walking the landscape The benefit to choosing this method is
imprecise as the opinions of those ldquoencounteringrdquo the landscape in the 21st
century no doubt bear little resemblance to the mindset of those in the 1st
century Landscape and Interaction cites the example of how a field crew
designated two hills as POSIs in spite of the absence of material remains
because of their integral nature to the landscape (Given et al 2013 vol 112)
It is implied that from fieldwalker to director integration was practiced in
interpreting the landscape It is unclear however how impactful this decision
was as analysis was carried out by those in directorate positions This hyper-
interpretative approach as classified by Fleming (2006) seeks to incorporate
an experiential element to the field survey This is much in line with the
surveyrsquos phenomenological approach to landscape analysis
The four main chronological sequences identified on the TAESP
landscape are presented chronologically in ch 3 Prehistoric Iron Age
Hellenistic-Roman and Medieval-Modern For ceramics a distinction is made
between fine-wares and utility wares and their geographical origin is noted
Mann 93
when possible Detailed ceramic lithic and special finds catalogues are
included in this chapter (Given et al 2013 vol 180ndash227) Defining village
or POSI boundaries was not a concern once again in keeping with the
theoretical framework of the survey This method of collection affects
potential analyses for instance conducting a comparative analysis between
features within specific POSIs is difficult due to the lack of detail provided
(outside of artifact assemblages found on transects)
The landscapendashhuman interaction and its influence on the material
culture found within the TAESP survey region is synthesized within chs 5ndash
6 The authors present in chronological order the settlement patterns
communication networks and subsistence strategies of the inhabitants of the
TAESP landscape viewed through the ideas presented in ch 1 (Given et al
2013 vol 1321) This chronology begins with the Epipaleolithic and ends
with the British colonial period Working with a landscape contextualized
through the siteless field methodology the authors focus here on reconciling
processualist-rooted data collection (field and collection methods) with post-
processual interpretation (commotion collaboration and conviviality) The
conclusions drawn are therefore interpreted from the data to understand the
diachronically changing dynamic of humanndashenvironment interaction These
chapters (5ndash6) are the most representative of the TAESP teamrsquos theoretical
framework Inferences are made as to human experience on and interaction
with the landscape This is opposed to the other chapters in volumes 1 and 2
which largely serve to establish methodology and organize data (often
geographically) with arguably less interpretative influence
The authors end volume 1 by offering an array of sites (defined in
the more traditional sense) for further investigation displaying a hope for
work to continue in the region This recommendation as well as the
subsequent declaration that to find sites was not TAESPrsquos intent are passive
concessions for the volumersquos lack of focus on traditional archaeological sites
and appear aimed at the archaeologist who is searching for TAESPrsquos
contribution to understanding the Cypriot landscape through the discovery
and analysis of traditional ldquositesrdquo
The authors organize volume 2 into four geographic sections the
plains the Karkotis Valley the Lagoudhera Valley and the mountains They
use this geographic layout to present the ldquorelationship between people and
their landscaperdquo (Given et al 2013 vol 22) Volume 2 primarily functions as
the results and discussion section for Landscape and Interaction as the
authors organize the various types of data (ie survey archaeometallurgical
botanical) to form diachronic conclusions of the TAESP landscape
The plains which encompass the Atsas Mandres and Koutraphas
geographic zones compose the first locale discussed in volume 2 (Given et al
94 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction
2013 vol 26ndash48) This ecological zone contains occupations dating from the
Epipaleolithic to the British colonial period (Given et al 2013 vol 27) Of
note is the Roman farmstead at Vrysi tou Haji Christophi and the Medieval-
Modern villages scattered throughout The Karkotis Valley the second
geographical zone presented exhibits continual occupation for over six
millennia (Given et al 2013 vol 251) This occupational history is in large
part due to the prime agricultural land located within the valley Several
tombs are also present dating from the pre-Bronze Age and Roman periods
within the Karkotis Valley at Laonarka and Pano Limna respectively
Occupation within the Troodos Mountains ecological zone is decidedly
narrower reaching only from the Late Roman period to the Byzantine-
Modern (Given et al 2013 vol 2205) The nature of Roman activity remains
unclear however it is clear that it differs from the farm steading occurring in
the plains ecological zone (Given et al 2013 vol 2211) An extensive
Byzantine-Modern component can be found in the Troodos The Asinou
church and monastery are exquisitely preserved examples of late 11th century
religious architecture that speak to this component (Given et al 2013 vol
2214)
The Lagoudhera Valley was an area of copper mining and extraction
within the survey universe and although smaller than Skouriotissa it
comprises a representative manifestation of the TAESP teamrsquos methodology
and interpretation practices Many of the conclusions drawn from the
Lagoudhera Valley are a product of the authorsrsquo contextualizationmdashie focus
on the off-site rather than the ldquositerdquomdashof the landscape POSIs created
through the ldquoflattening of the hierarchyrdquomdashsuch as the hills noted by survey
teamsmdashas well as artifact presence are used to trace the motion of people
across the landscape (commotion) The authors use these data to give an
interpretive view of the human activity and the social setting surrounding the
extraction of copper and its subsequent impact on the landscape (Given et al
2013 vol 2202) In sum whereas volume 1 details the material culture of the
TAESP survey universe and attempts to address the teamrsquos primary research
goals (eg humanndashlandscape interaction) volume 2 synthesizes the results of
the TAESP survey on an area-by-area basis that address explicit research
questions (eg copper production in the Upper Lagoudhera Valley) while
incorporating the work of interdisciplinary team members
Overall the work produced by Given et al in Landscape and
Interaction contains a wealth of data beneficial to its intended audience of
European and North American archaeologists interested in advancing
archaeology in the eastern Mediterranean basin as well as archaeologists
interested in landscape theory This is greatly enhanced by the publishing of
the TAESP as well as the SCSP data onlinei However the choice of the
Mann 95
TAESP team not to delimit and detail POSIs beyond geographical setting is
problematic ldquoVerbingrdquo humanndashenvironmental interactionmdashie describing
human actions through survey data rather than imposed rigid categories
(Given et al 2013 vol 1344)mdashsolely through artifact presenceabsence
across the landscape seems incomplete without including the context and
nature of ldquositesrdquo or POSIs in greater detail For example the TAESP teamrsquos
decision not to bound or GPS significant features within POSIs does not
allow for comparison study between the POSIs If significant features
differentiate POSIs from other areas of the transect it seems that defining
these spaces through a more traditional concept of ldquositerdquo would offer further
analytical potential Rather than undermining the siteless methodology
detailing the specifics that form within POSIs would provide more avenues
for archaeologists to analyze the data collected While conducting a siteless
survey has its benefits especially in a culturally diffuse landscape the
TAESP authors could strengthen their interpretations through the inclusion of
more POSI detail to allow for greater analysis of variation amongst the
ldquoknotsrdquo that form through commotion
Furthermore regarding the teamrsquos attempt to ldquoflatten the hierarchyrdquo
their employed methods lay the groundwork for further experimentation with
this concept Perhaps something akin to American cultural resource
managementrsquos use of tribal cultural surveys could benefit future research
wherein the goal of the transect is solely to understand sacred landscapes
through an emic perspective This emic approach could have been applied
through greater local participation on the survey itself especially in the case
of the Ottoman-Modern landscape due to its historical continuity with the
current population
Nevertheless the value of Landscape and Interaction is
unmistakable Its data collection strategies are innovative and the breadth of
data collected and published is enormous Regardless of theoretical
orientation the data offer a wealth of information relevant to a wide variety of
research questions ranging from settlement patterns to social archaeology
Attempting to unite processual methods with post-processual interpretation is
a noble cause that deserves further refinement (Bintliff 1996) This is
especially the case with the ideas of commotion collaboration and
conviviality which provide an interesting tool for understanding the enormity
of data collected from the study of humanndashlandscape interaction
Theoretically driven survey seeks to answer broader anthropological
questions and the TAESP survey has made strides in furthering this aim
Overall the volumes are a model of large-scale siteless survey field
methodology within a multi-component landscape and are of use to both
students learning about and archaeologists conducting regional survey
96 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction
Notes
i httpintarchacukjournalissue204pottfindcfm
References
Bintliff John
1996 Interactions of Theory Methodology and Practice Archaeological
Dialogues 3(2)246ndash255
Caraher William
2006 Siteless Survey and Intensive Data Collection in an Artifact-Rich
Environment Case Studies from the Eastern Corinthia Greece
Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 3(2)246ndash255
Fleming Andrew
2006 Post-Processual Landscape Archaeology A Critique Cambridge
Archaeological Journal 16(3)267ndash280
Given Michael
2013 Commotion Collaboration Conviviality Mediterranean Survey and
the Interpretation of Landscape Journal of Mediterranean
Archaeology 26(1)3ndash26
Given Michael and Arthur Bernard Knapp
2003 The Sydney Cyprus Survey Project Social Approaches to Regional
Archaeological Survey Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of
Archaeology
Hodder Ian
1999 The Archaeological Process An Introduction Oxford Blackwell
2000 Developing a Reflexive Method in Archaeology In Towards
Reflexive Method in Archaeology The Example at Ccedilatalhoumlyuumlk Ian
Hodder ed Pp 3ndash14 Cambridge McDonald Institute
Johnson Matthew
1999 Archaeological Theory An Introduction Oxford Blackwell
Tartaron Thomas F
2006 The Eastern Korinthia Archaeological Survey Integrated Methods
for a Dynamic Landscape Hisperia 75(1)435ndash505
Watrous LV Desponia Hadzi-Vallianou and Harriet Blitzer
2004 The Plains of Phaistos Cycles of Social Complexity in the Mesara
Region of Crete Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of Archaeology
- FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-Frontmatter
- FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-BookReviews
- Mann-FN-Vol7(1)-2015-REVIEWS-LandscapeAndInteractionTheTroodosArchaeologicalAndEnvironmentalSurveyProjectCyprusVols1amp2
-
6 Contributors
Aryn A Klein received her Masterrsquos degree from Texas State UniversityndashSan
Marcos Her areas of interest include forensic anthropology skeletal biology
and skeletal trauma Her current research concerns fracture patterning within
subadult populations
Justin Mann is a second year Masterrsquos student at East Carolina University He
received his BS in anthropology and history from the University of Wisconsinndash
Oshkosh His thesis research focuses on the medieval-Ottoman landscapes of
Cyprus and diachronic ceramic distributions among different villages located
in the Troodos region Additionally Justin maintains interests in Byzantine
archaeology ethnicity in the archaeological record and survey methodology
Liam McGill is an AB candidate at Harvard College who intends to study
anthropology He is currently interested in exploring the intersection of social
and biological anthropology
Liam Murphy is a graduate student at the University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee
He is pursuing a Masterrsquos degree in anthropology alongside a professional
certificate in museum studies Liam is particularly interested in museum
archaeology material culture studies and the history of archaeology His
thesis is investigating 19th century Smithsonian curator Carl Raursquos
contributions to the Smithsonian Institutionrsquos European archaeology
collection
Book Reviews
Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology 7(1)90ndash96 (June 2015) Copyright copy 2015 by Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology
Landscape and Interaction The Troodos
Archaeological and Environmental Survey Project
Cyprus vols 1 amp 2
Michael Given Arthur Bernard Knapp Jay S Noller Luke
Sollars and Vasiliki Kassianidou Oxford The Council for
British Research in the Levant and Oxbow Books 2013 696 pp
ISBN 9781782971870 (vol 1) $9000pound4800 9781782971887 (vol 2) $7600pound3800 Justin Mann East Carolina University
Landscape and Interaction is the culmination of a five-year study in
Cyprus conducted by Michael Given et al that endeavors to combine
regional survey methodology with ideas of landscape theory At the core of
the methodology employed is the framework of commotion collaboration
and conviviality concepts laid out by Given in a concurrently published paper
(Given 20133) In essence these terms refer to the constant movement of
human and natural agents (commotion) how they combine to change the
landscape (collaboration) and how connections between agents on the
landscape are formed (conviviality) Given and associates synthesize these
data from the Troodos Archaeological Environmental Survey Project
(TAESP) into a two-volume set Volume 1 Methodology Analysis amp
Interaction provides the methodological theoretical and raw data framework
for the TAESP survey Volume 2 The TAESP Landscape applies these
methods and data to the survey area while also incorporating historical
records and ethnographic evidence In short volume 1 functions as an
extended introduction to the methods and survey area while volume 2
presents conclusions drawn from the survey data in a geographical manner
The TAESP project is partly an extension of a previous survey the
Sydney Cyprus Survey Project (SCSP) conducted by the authors from 1992ndash
1997 in an adjacent region of northwestern Cyprus (Given and Knapp 2003)
Given et al apply much of the same methodology in both the SCSP survey
and the TAESP survey Rather than searching for sites or focusing on a
particular chronological period the authors use a regional perspective to
understand the interaction between people and the landscape This regional
focus is part of a ldquosecond waverdquo (Given 20135) of theoretically minded large
-scale survey projects throughout the Mediterranean world (Given and Knapp
2003 Tartaron et al 2006 cf Watrous et al 2004)
Mann 91
Volume 1 is divided into six chapters and begins with an informative
introduction providing the historical and archaeological contexts of the survey
area as well as the grouprsquos research aims The reader is introduced to the long
history of Cyprus ranging from the islandrsquos first inhabitants in the
Epipaleolithic to modern-day Cypriot communities In addition the authors
provide the theoretical underpinnings for TAESP in the first chapter
The theoretical framework of the TAESP survey is largely
constructed upon Ian Hodderrsquos (1999 2000) concept of ldquothe siterdquo wherein a
site is a collection of meanings or associations to a past or present group
(Given et al 2013 vol 110) In this mode of thinking the site is moved
beyond a geographically bounded collection of material culture (artifacts) to
an area of human interaction with shifting contexts which the archaeologist
must interpret This interpretation of ldquothe siterdquo goes hand in hand with
Givenrsquos commotion collaboration and conviviality in that data (eg sites
artifacts) are not objective remains that reflect a particular behavior but are
the byproduct of human motion across and interaction with the landscape
This theory drives the way the TAESP team collected data (siteless) and how
they interpreted the data (deciphering human-landscape interaction) As
Johnson states ldquowe [archaeologists] can never confront theory and data in-
stead we see data through a cloud of theoryrdquo (1999102) Commotion collab-
oration and conviviality make up the cloud through which the TAESP team
saw the data
The idea of the siteless survey is not new to Mediterranean survey
as Caraher (2006) has pointed out and this method has been utilized in past
surveys Proponents of this artifact-level data dense style of survey argue that
it more accurately reflects the material landscape of the survey universe The
adherence to a siteless survey methodology is manifested in the TAESP
survey through its hyper-intensive data collection strategies in addition to the
absence of ldquositesrdquo in the more traditional sensemdashie geographically bounded
feature or artifact rich units with excavation potential (eg a tomb) The
TAESP directors reconcile this lack of sites by instead choosing to focus the
survey on the artifact-level as opposed to site-level In doing so extreme
amounts of data were collected to form interpretive conclusions from the
resulting artifact carpets (artifact densities mapped onto the survey universe)
in an attempt to contextualize the landscape
The TAESP team presents the methodology for achieving this
siteless aim in ch 2 Their goal was to produce interdisciplinary and
regionally orientated data sets that project a more accurate representation of
the survey universe Field crews covered an area of 164 km2 performing
pedestrian transects in areas of high archaeological potential using a stratified
sampling method that divided the survey universe into Intensive Survey
92 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction
Zones (ISZs) and extensive zones The ISZs comprising areas of higher
archaeological potential were more frequently transected than the extensive
zones The authors then plot ldquovariation in artifact density function and date
across the entire landscape rather than centering analysis around specific
lsquositesrsquo or lsquodots on the maprsquordquo again rejecting the essentialism of the site
(Given et al 2013 vol 120) Instead Given and associates use the term
Places of Special Interest (POSIs) A POSI which in many ways is what
would normally constitute an archaeological ldquositerdquo is ldquoany location where
there was good reason whether cultural or natural for carrying out more
detailed recordingrdquo (Given et al 2013 vol 126) Architectural remains
including farmsteads mills churches mosques and villages are generally
listed as Places of Special Interest (POSIs) or Building Units (BUs) (Given et
al 2013 vol 1261ndash277) An admirable 30721 ceramic sherds were collected
and analyzed during the course of the survey (Given et al 2013 vol 125)
Specialists also directed crews to collect data on geomorphology
archaeometallurgy and geobotany As a measure of methodological integrity
the TAESP directors initiated a seeding experiment (Given et al 2013 vol
135) to ensure consistency in artifact collection by field crews This addition
of a quality control test aids in establishing the overall effectiveness of
TAESPrsquos field collection methods Overall the tried-and-true transect method
is appropriate and the inclusion of specialty fields (eg paleogeology
paleobotany) help to further the comprehensiveness of the survey
In addition to their siteless methodology Given et al undertake the
task of ldquoflattening the hierarchyrdquo of terrestrial survey (Given et al 2013 vol
111) This ldquoflatteningrdquo seeks to place the job of interpretation into the hands
of all who are walking the landscape The benefit to choosing this method is
imprecise as the opinions of those ldquoencounteringrdquo the landscape in the 21st
century no doubt bear little resemblance to the mindset of those in the 1st
century Landscape and Interaction cites the example of how a field crew
designated two hills as POSIs in spite of the absence of material remains
because of their integral nature to the landscape (Given et al 2013 vol 112)
It is implied that from fieldwalker to director integration was practiced in
interpreting the landscape It is unclear however how impactful this decision
was as analysis was carried out by those in directorate positions This hyper-
interpretative approach as classified by Fleming (2006) seeks to incorporate
an experiential element to the field survey This is much in line with the
surveyrsquos phenomenological approach to landscape analysis
The four main chronological sequences identified on the TAESP
landscape are presented chronologically in ch 3 Prehistoric Iron Age
Hellenistic-Roman and Medieval-Modern For ceramics a distinction is made
between fine-wares and utility wares and their geographical origin is noted
Mann 93
when possible Detailed ceramic lithic and special finds catalogues are
included in this chapter (Given et al 2013 vol 180ndash227) Defining village
or POSI boundaries was not a concern once again in keeping with the
theoretical framework of the survey This method of collection affects
potential analyses for instance conducting a comparative analysis between
features within specific POSIs is difficult due to the lack of detail provided
(outside of artifact assemblages found on transects)
The landscapendashhuman interaction and its influence on the material
culture found within the TAESP survey region is synthesized within chs 5ndash
6 The authors present in chronological order the settlement patterns
communication networks and subsistence strategies of the inhabitants of the
TAESP landscape viewed through the ideas presented in ch 1 (Given et al
2013 vol 1321) This chronology begins with the Epipaleolithic and ends
with the British colonial period Working with a landscape contextualized
through the siteless field methodology the authors focus here on reconciling
processualist-rooted data collection (field and collection methods) with post-
processual interpretation (commotion collaboration and conviviality) The
conclusions drawn are therefore interpreted from the data to understand the
diachronically changing dynamic of humanndashenvironment interaction These
chapters (5ndash6) are the most representative of the TAESP teamrsquos theoretical
framework Inferences are made as to human experience on and interaction
with the landscape This is opposed to the other chapters in volumes 1 and 2
which largely serve to establish methodology and organize data (often
geographically) with arguably less interpretative influence
The authors end volume 1 by offering an array of sites (defined in
the more traditional sense) for further investigation displaying a hope for
work to continue in the region This recommendation as well as the
subsequent declaration that to find sites was not TAESPrsquos intent are passive
concessions for the volumersquos lack of focus on traditional archaeological sites
and appear aimed at the archaeologist who is searching for TAESPrsquos
contribution to understanding the Cypriot landscape through the discovery
and analysis of traditional ldquositesrdquo
The authors organize volume 2 into four geographic sections the
plains the Karkotis Valley the Lagoudhera Valley and the mountains They
use this geographic layout to present the ldquorelationship between people and
their landscaperdquo (Given et al 2013 vol 22) Volume 2 primarily functions as
the results and discussion section for Landscape and Interaction as the
authors organize the various types of data (ie survey archaeometallurgical
botanical) to form diachronic conclusions of the TAESP landscape
The plains which encompass the Atsas Mandres and Koutraphas
geographic zones compose the first locale discussed in volume 2 (Given et al
94 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction
2013 vol 26ndash48) This ecological zone contains occupations dating from the
Epipaleolithic to the British colonial period (Given et al 2013 vol 27) Of
note is the Roman farmstead at Vrysi tou Haji Christophi and the Medieval-
Modern villages scattered throughout The Karkotis Valley the second
geographical zone presented exhibits continual occupation for over six
millennia (Given et al 2013 vol 251) This occupational history is in large
part due to the prime agricultural land located within the valley Several
tombs are also present dating from the pre-Bronze Age and Roman periods
within the Karkotis Valley at Laonarka and Pano Limna respectively
Occupation within the Troodos Mountains ecological zone is decidedly
narrower reaching only from the Late Roman period to the Byzantine-
Modern (Given et al 2013 vol 2205) The nature of Roman activity remains
unclear however it is clear that it differs from the farm steading occurring in
the plains ecological zone (Given et al 2013 vol 2211) An extensive
Byzantine-Modern component can be found in the Troodos The Asinou
church and monastery are exquisitely preserved examples of late 11th century
religious architecture that speak to this component (Given et al 2013 vol
2214)
The Lagoudhera Valley was an area of copper mining and extraction
within the survey universe and although smaller than Skouriotissa it
comprises a representative manifestation of the TAESP teamrsquos methodology
and interpretation practices Many of the conclusions drawn from the
Lagoudhera Valley are a product of the authorsrsquo contextualizationmdashie focus
on the off-site rather than the ldquositerdquomdashof the landscape POSIs created
through the ldquoflattening of the hierarchyrdquomdashsuch as the hills noted by survey
teamsmdashas well as artifact presence are used to trace the motion of people
across the landscape (commotion) The authors use these data to give an
interpretive view of the human activity and the social setting surrounding the
extraction of copper and its subsequent impact on the landscape (Given et al
2013 vol 2202) In sum whereas volume 1 details the material culture of the
TAESP survey universe and attempts to address the teamrsquos primary research
goals (eg humanndashlandscape interaction) volume 2 synthesizes the results of
the TAESP survey on an area-by-area basis that address explicit research
questions (eg copper production in the Upper Lagoudhera Valley) while
incorporating the work of interdisciplinary team members
Overall the work produced by Given et al in Landscape and
Interaction contains a wealth of data beneficial to its intended audience of
European and North American archaeologists interested in advancing
archaeology in the eastern Mediterranean basin as well as archaeologists
interested in landscape theory This is greatly enhanced by the publishing of
the TAESP as well as the SCSP data onlinei However the choice of the
Mann 95
TAESP team not to delimit and detail POSIs beyond geographical setting is
problematic ldquoVerbingrdquo humanndashenvironmental interactionmdashie describing
human actions through survey data rather than imposed rigid categories
(Given et al 2013 vol 1344)mdashsolely through artifact presenceabsence
across the landscape seems incomplete without including the context and
nature of ldquositesrdquo or POSIs in greater detail For example the TAESP teamrsquos
decision not to bound or GPS significant features within POSIs does not
allow for comparison study between the POSIs If significant features
differentiate POSIs from other areas of the transect it seems that defining
these spaces through a more traditional concept of ldquositerdquo would offer further
analytical potential Rather than undermining the siteless methodology
detailing the specifics that form within POSIs would provide more avenues
for archaeologists to analyze the data collected While conducting a siteless
survey has its benefits especially in a culturally diffuse landscape the
TAESP authors could strengthen their interpretations through the inclusion of
more POSI detail to allow for greater analysis of variation amongst the
ldquoknotsrdquo that form through commotion
Furthermore regarding the teamrsquos attempt to ldquoflatten the hierarchyrdquo
their employed methods lay the groundwork for further experimentation with
this concept Perhaps something akin to American cultural resource
managementrsquos use of tribal cultural surveys could benefit future research
wherein the goal of the transect is solely to understand sacred landscapes
through an emic perspective This emic approach could have been applied
through greater local participation on the survey itself especially in the case
of the Ottoman-Modern landscape due to its historical continuity with the
current population
Nevertheless the value of Landscape and Interaction is
unmistakable Its data collection strategies are innovative and the breadth of
data collected and published is enormous Regardless of theoretical
orientation the data offer a wealth of information relevant to a wide variety of
research questions ranging from settlement patterns to social archaeology
Attempting to unite processual methods with post-processual interpretation is
a noble cause that deserves further refinement (Bintliff 1996) This is
especially the case with the ideas of commotion collaboration and
conviviality which provide an interesting tool for understanding the enormity
of data collected from the study of humanndashlandscape interaction
Theoretically driven survey seeks to answer broader anthropological
questions and the TAESP survey has made strides in furthering this aim
Overall the volumes are a model of large-scale siteless survey field
methodology within a multi-component landscape and are of use to both
students learning about and archaeologists conducting regional survey
96 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction
Notes
i httpintarchacukjournalissue204pottfindcfm
References
Bintliff John
1996 Interactions of Theory Methodology and Practice Archaeological
Dialogues 3(2)246ndash255
Caraher William
2006 Siteless Survey and Intensive Data Collection in an Artifact-Rich
Environment Case Studies from the Eastern Corinthia Greece
Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 3(2)246ndash255
Fleming Andrew
2006 Post-Processual Landscape Archaeology A Critique Cambridge
Archaeological Journal 16(3)267ndash280
Given Michael
2013 Commotion Collaboration Conviviality Mediterranean Survey and
the Interpretation of Landscape Journal of Mediterranean
Archaeology 26(1)3ndash26
Given Michael and Arthur Bernard Knapp
2003 The Sydney Cyprus Survey Project Social Approaches to Regional
Archaeological Survey Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of
Archaeology
Hodder Ian
1999 The Archaeological Process An Introduction Oxford Blackwell
2000 Developing a Reflexive Method in Archaeology In Towards
Reflexive Method in Archaeology The Example at Ccedilatalhoumlyuumlk Ian
Hodder ed Pp 3ndash14 Cambridge McDonald Institute
Johnson Matthew
1999 Archaeological Theory An Introduction Oxford Blackwell
Tartaron Thomas F
2006 The Eastern Korinthia Archaeological Survey Integrated Methods
for a Dynamic Landscape Hisperia 75(1)435ndash505
Watrous LV Desponia Hadzi-Vallianou and Harriet Blitzer
2004 The Plains of Phaistos Cycles of Social Complexity in the Mesara
Region of Crete Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of Archaeology
- FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-Frontmatter
- FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-BookReviews
- Mann-FN-Vol7(1)-2015-REVIEWS-LandscapeAndInteractionTheTroodosArchaeologicalAndEnvironmentalSurveyProjectCyprusVols1amp2
-
Book Reviews
Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology 7(1)90ndash96 (June 2015) Copyright copy 2015 by Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology
Landscape and Interaction The Troodos
Archaeological and Environmental Survey Project
Cyprus vols 1 amp 2
Michael Given Arthur Bernard Knapp Jay S Noller Luke
Sollars and Vasiliki Kassianidou Oxford The Council for
British Research in the Levant and Oxbow Books 2013 696 pp
ISBN 9781782971870 (vol 1) $9000pound4800 9781782971887 (vol 2) $7600pound3800 Justin Mann East Carolina University
Landscape and Interaction is the culmination of a five-year study in
Cyprus conducted by Michael Given et al that endeavors to combine
regional survey methodology with ideas of landscape theory At the core of
the methodology employed is the framework of commotion collaboration
and conviviality concepts laid out by Given in a concurrently published paper
(Given 20133) In essence these terms refer to the constant movement of
human and natural agents (commotion) how they combine to change the
landscape (collaboration) and how connections between agents on the
landscape are formed (conviviality) Given and associates synthesize these
data from the Troodos Archaeological Environmental Survey Project
(TAESP) into a two-volume set Volume 1 Methodology Analysis amp
Interaction provides the methodological theoretical and raw data framework
for the TAESP survey Volume 2 The TAESP Landscape applies these
methods and data to the survey area while also incorporating historical
records and ethnographic evidence In short volume 1 functions as an
extended introduction to the methods and survey area while volume 2
presents conclusions drawn from the survey data in a geographical manner
The TAESP project is partly an extension of a previous survey the
Sydney Cyprus Survey Project (SCSP) conducted by the authors from 1992ndash
1997 in an adjacent region of northwestern Cyprus (Given and Knapp 2003)
Given et al apply much of the same methodology in both the SCSP survey
and the TAESP survey Rather than searching for sites or focusing on a
particular chronological period the authors use a regional perspective to
understand the interaction between people and the landscape This regional
focus is part of a ldquosecond waverdquo (Given 20135) of theoretically minded large
-scale survey projects throughout the Mediterranean world (Given and Knapp
2003 Tartaron et al 2006 cf Watrous et al 2004)
Mann 91
Volume 1 is divided into six chapters and begins with an informative
introduction providing the historical and archaeological contexts of the survey
area as well as the grouprsquos research aims The reader is introduced to the long
history of Cyprus ranging from the islandrsquos first inhabitants in the
Epipaleolithic to modern-day Cypriot communities In addition the authors
provide the theoretical underpinnings for TAESP in the first chapter
The theoretical framework of the TAESP survey is largely
constructed upon Ian Hodderrsquos (1999 2000) concept of ldquothe siterdquo wherein a
site is a collection of meanings or associations to a past or present group
(Given et al 2013 vol 110) In this mode of thinking the site is moved
beyond a geographically bounded collection of material culture (artifacts) to
an area of human interaction with shifting contexts which the archaeologist
must interpret This interpretation of ldquothe siterdquo goes hand in hand with
Givenrsquos commotion collaboration and conviviality in that data (eg sites
artifacts) are not objective remains that reflect a particular behavior but are
the byproduct of human motion across and interaction with the landscape
This theory drives the way the TAESP team collected data (siteless) and how
they interpreted the data (deciphering human-landscape interaction) As
Johnson states ldquowe [archaeologists] can never confront theory and data in-
stead we see data through a cloud of theoryrdquo (1999102) Commotion collab-
oration and conviviality make up the cloud through which the TAESP team
saw the data
The idea of the siteless survey is not new to Mediterranean survey
as Caraher (2006) has pointed out and this method has been utilized in past
surveys Proponents of this artifact-level data dense style of survey argue that
it more accurately reflects the material landscape of the survey universe The
adherence to a siteless survey methodology is manifested in the TAESP
survey through its hyper-intensive data collection strategies in addition to the
absence of ldquositesrdquo in the more traditional sensemdashie geographically bounded
feature or artifact rich units with excavation potential (eg a tomb) The
TAESP directors reconcile this lack of sites by instead choosing to focus the
survey on the artifact-level as opposed to site-level In doing so extreme
amounts of data were collected to form interpretive conclusions from the
resulting artifact carpets (artifact densities mapped onto the survey universe)
in an attempt to contextualize the landscape
The TAESP team presents the methodology for achieving this
siteless aim in ch 2 Their goal was to produce interdisciplinary and
regionally orientated data sets that project a more accurate representation of
the survey universe Field crews covered an area of 164 km2 performing
pedestrian transects in areas of high archaeological potential using a stratified
sampling method that divided the survey universe into Intensive Survey
92 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction
Zones (ISZs) and extensive zones The ISZs comprising areas of higher
archaeological potential were more frequently transected than the extensive
zones The authors then plot ldquovariation in artifact density function and date
across the entire landscape rather than centering analysis around specific
lsquositesrsquo or lsquodots on the maprsquordquo again rejecting the essentialism of the site
(Given et al 2013 vol 120) Instead Given and associates use the term
Places of Special Interest (POSIs) A POSI which in many ways is what
would normally constitute an archaeological ldquositerdquo is ldquoany location where
there was good reason whether cultural or natural for carrying out more
detailed recordingrdquo (Given et al 2013 vol 126) Architectural remains
including farmsteads mills churches mosques and villages are generally
listed as Places of Special Interest (POSIs) or Building Units (BUs) (Given et
al 2013 vol 1261ndash277) An admirable 30721 ceramic sherds were collected
and analyzed during the course of the survey (Given et al 2013 vol 125)
Specialists also directed crews to collect data on geomorphology
archaeometallurgy and geobotany As a measure of methodological integrity
the TAESP directors initiated a seeding experiment (Given et al 2013 vol
135) to ensure consistency in artifact collection by field crews This addition
of a quality control test aids in establishing the overall effectiveness of
TAESPrsquos field collection methods Overall the tried-and-true transect method
is appropriate and the inclusion of specialty fields (eg paleogeology
paleobotany) help to further the comprehensiveness of the survey
In addition to their siteless methodology Given et al undertake the
task of ldquoflattening the hierarchyrdquo of terrestrial survey (Given et al 2013 vol
111) This ldquoflatteningrdquo seeks to place the job of interpretation into the hands
of all who are walking the landscape The benefit to choosing this method is
imprecise as the opinions of those ldquoencounteringrdquo the landscape in the 21st
century no doubt bear little resemblance to the mindset of those in the 1st
century Landscape and Interaction cites the example of how a field crew
designated two hills as POSIs in spite of the absence of material remains
because of their integral nature to the landscape (Given et al 2013 vol 112)
It is implied that from fieldwalker to director integration was practiced in
interpreting the landscape It is unclear however how impactful this decision
was as analysis was carried out by those in directorate positions This hyper-
interpretative approach as classified by Fleming (2006) seeks to incorporate
an experiential element to the field survey This is much in line with the
surveyrsquos phenomenological approach to landscape analysis
The four main chronological sequences identified on the TAESP
landscape are presented chronologically in ch 3 Prehistoric Iron Age
Hellenistic-Roman and Medieval-Modern For ceramics a distinction is made
between fine-wares and utility wares and their geographical origin is noted
Mann 93
when possible Detailed ceramic lithic and special finds catalogues are
included in this chapter (Given et al 2013 vol 180ndash227) Defining village
or POSI boundaries was not a concern once again in keeping with the
theoretical framework of the survey This method of collection affects
potential analyses for instance conducting a comparative analysis between
features within specific POSIs is difficult due to the lack of detail provided
(outside of artifact assemblages found on transects)
The landscapendashhuman interaction and its influence on the material
culture found within the TAESP survey region is synthesized within chs 5ndash
6 The authors present in chronological order the settlement patterns
communication networks and subsistence strategies of the inhabitants of the
TAESP landscape viewed through the ideas presented in ch 1 (Given et al
2013 vol 1321) This chronology begins with the Epipaleolithic and ends
with the British colonial period Working with a landscape contextualized
through the siteless field methodology the authors focus here on reconciling
processualist-rooted data collection (field and collection methods) with post-
processual interpretation (commotion collaboration and conviviality) The
conclusions drawn are therefore interpreted from the data to understand the
diachronically changing dynamic of humanndashenvironment interaction These
chapters (5ndash6) are the most representative of the TAESP teamrsquos theoretical
framework Inferences are made as to human experience on and interaction
with the landscape This is opposed to the other chapters in volumes 1 and 2
which largely serve to establish methodology and organize data (often
geographically) with arguably less interpretative influence
The authors end volume 1 by offering an array of sites (defined in
the more traditional sense) for further investigation displaying a hope for
work to continue in the region This recommendation as well as the
subsequent declaration that to find sites was not TAESPrsquos intent are passive
concessions for the volumersquos lack of focus on traditional archaeological sites
and appear aimed at the archaeologist who is searching for TAESPrsquos
contribution to understanding the Cypriot landscape through the discovery
and analysis of traditional ldquositesrdquo
The authors organize volume 2 into four geographic sections the
plains the Karkotis Valley the Lagoudhera Valley and the mountains They
use this geographic layout to present the ldquorelationship between people and
their landscaperdquo (Given et al 2013 vol 22) Volume 2 primarily functions as
the results and discussion section for Landscape and Interaction as the
authors organize the various types of data (ie survey archaeometallurgical
botanical) to form diachronic conclusions of the TAESP landscape
The plains which encompass the Atsas Mandres and Koutraphas
geographic zones compose the first locale discussed in volume 2 (Given et al
94 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction
2013 vol 26ndash48) This ecological zone contains occupations dating from the
Epipaleolithic to the British colonial period (Given et al 2013 vol 27) Of
note is the Roman farmstead at Vrysi tou Haji Christophi and the Medieval-
Modern villages scattered throughout The Karkotis Valley the second
geographical zone presented exhibits continual occupation for over six
millennia (Given et al 2013 vol 251) This occupational history is in large
part due to the prime agricultural land located within the valley Several
tombs are also present dating from the pre-Bronze Age and Roman periods
within the Karkotis Valley at Laonarka and Pano Limna respectively
Occupation within the Troodos Mountains ecological zone is decidedly
narrower reaching only from the Late Roman period to the Byzantine-
Modern (Given et al 2013 vol 2205) The nature of Roman activity remains
unclear however it is clear that it differs from the farm steading occurring in
the plains ecological zone (Given et al 2013 vol 2211) An extensive
Byzantine-Modern component can be found in the Troodos The Asinou
church and monastery are exquisitely preserved examples of late 11th century
religious architecture that speak to this component (Given et al 2013 vol
2214)
The Lagoudhera Valley was an area of copper mining and extraction
within the survey universe and although smaller than Skouriotissa it
comprises a representative manifestation of the TAESP teamrsquos methodology
and interpretation practices Many of the conclusions drawn from the
Lagoudhera Valley are a product of the authorsrsquo contextualizationmdashie focus
on the off-site rather than the ldquositerdquomdashof the landscape POSIs created
through the ldquoflattening of the hierarchyrdquomdashsuch as the hills noted by survey
teamsmdashas well as artifact presence are used to trace the motion of people
across the landscape (commotion) The authors use these data to give an
interpretive view of the human activity and the social setting surrounding the
extraction of copper and its subsequent impact on the landscape (Given et al
2013 vol 2202) In sum whereas volume 1 details the material culture of the
TAESP survey universe and attempts to address the teamrsquos primary research
goals (eg humanndashlandscape interaction) volume 2 synthesizes the results of
the TAESP survey on an area-by-area basis that address explicit research
questions (eg copper production in the Upper Lagoudhera Valley) while
incorporating the work of interdisciplinary team members
Overall the work produced by Given et al in Landscape and
Interaction contains a wealth of data beneficial to its intended audience of
European and North American archaeologists interested in advancing
archaeology in the eastern Mediterranean basin as well as archaeologists
interested in landscape theory This is greatly enhanced by the publishing of
the TAESP as well as the SCSP data onlinei However the choice of the
Mann 95
TAESP team not to delimit and detail POSIs beyond geographical setting is
problematic ldquoVerbingrdquo humanndashenvironmental interactionmdashie describing
human actions through survey data rather than imposed rigid categories
(Given et al 2013 vol 1344)mdashsolely through artifact presenceabsence
across the landscape seems incomplete without including the context and
nature of ldquositesrdquo or POSIs in greater detail For example the TAESP teamrsquos
decision not to bound or GPS significant features within POSIs does not
allow for comparison study between the POSIs If significant features
differentiate POSIs from other areas of the transect it seems that defining
these spaces through a more traditional concept of ldquositerdquo would offer further
analytical potential Rather than undermining the siteless methodology
detailing the specifics that form within POSIs would provide more avenues
for archaeologists to analyze the data collected While conducting a siteless
survey has its benefits especially in a culturally diffuse landscape the
TAESP authors could strengthen their interpretations through the inclusion of
more POSI detail to allow for greater analysis of variation amongst the
ldquoknotsrdquo that form through commotion
Furthermore regarding the teamrsquos attempt to ldquoflatten the hierarchyrdquo
their employed methods lay the groundwork for further experimentation with
this concept Perhaps something akin to American cultural resource
managementrsquos use of tribal cultural surveys could benefit future research
wherein the goal of the transect is solely to understand sacred landscapes
through an emic perspective This emic approach could have been applied
through greater local participation on the survey itself especially in the case
of the Ottoman-Modern landscape due to its historical continuity with the
current population
Nevertheless the value of Landscape and Interaction is
unmistakable Its data collection strategies are innovative and the breadth of
data collected and published is enormous Regardless of theoretical
orientation the data offer a wealth of information relevant to a wide variety of
research questions ranging from settlement patterns to social archaeology
Attempting to unite processual methods with post-processual interpretation is
a noble cause that deserves further refinement (Bintliff 1996) This is
especially the case with the ideas of commotion collaboration and
conviviality which provide an interesting tool for understanding the enormity
of data collected from the study of humanndashlandscape interaction
Theoretically driven survey seeks to answer broader anthropological
questions and the TAESP survey has made strides in furthering this aim
Overall the volumes are a model of large-scale siteless survey field
methodology within a multi-component landscape and are of use to both
students learning about and archaeologists conducting regional survey
96 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction
Notes
i httpintarchacukjournalissue204pottfindcfm
References
Bintliff John
1996 Interactions of Theory Methodology and Practice Archaeological
Dialogues 3(2)246ndash255
Caraher William
2006 Siteless Survey and Intensive Data Collection in an Artifact-Rich
Environment Case Studies from the Eastern Corinthia Greece
Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 3(2)246ndash255
Fleming Andrew
2006 Post-Processual Landscape Archaeology A Critique Cambridge
Archaeological Journal 16(3)267ndash280
Given Michael
2013 Commotion Collaboration Conviviality Mediterranean Survey and
the Interpretation of Landscape Journal of Mediterranean
Archaeology 26(1)3ndash26
Given Michael and Arthur Bernard Knapp
2003 The Sydney Cyprus Survey Project Social Approaches to Regional
Archaeological Survey Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of
Archaeology
Hodder Ian
1999 The Archaeological Process An Introduction Oxford Blackwell
2000 Developing a Reflexive Method in Archaeology In Towards
Reflexive Method in Archaeology The Example at Ccedilatalhoumlyuumlk Ian
Hodder ed Pp 3ndash14 Cambridge McDonald Institute
Johnson Matthew
1999 Archaeological Theory An Introduction Oxford Blackwell
Tartaron Thomas F
2006 The Eastern Korinthia Archaeological Survey Integrated Methods
for a Dynamic Landscape Hisperia 75(1)435ndash505
Watrous LV Desponia Hadzi-Vallianou and Harriet Blitzer
2004 The Plains of Phaistos Cycles of Social Complexity in the Mesara
Region of Crete Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of Archaeology
- FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-Frontmatter
- FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-BookReviews
- Mann-FN-Vol7(1)-2015-REVIEWS-LandscapeAndInteractionTheTroodosArchaeologicalAndEnvironmentalSurveyProjectCyprusVols1amp2
-
Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology 7(1)90ndash96 (June 2015) Copyright copy 2015 by Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology
Landscape and Interaction The Troodos
Archaeological and Environmental Survey Project
Cyprus vols 1 amp 2
Michael Given Arthur Bernard Knapp Jay S Noller Luke
Sollars and Vasiliki Kassianidou Oxford The Council for
British Research in the Levant and Oxbow Books 2013 696 pp
ISBN 9781782971870 (vol 1) $9000pound4800 9781782971887 (vol 2) $7600pound3800 Justin Mann East Carolina University
Landscape and Interaction is the culmination of a five-year study in
Cyprus conducted by Michael Given et al that endeavors to combine
regional survey methodology with ideas of landscape theory At the core of
the methodology employed is the framework of commotion collaboration
and conviviality concepts laid out by Given in a concurrently published paper
(Given 20133) In essence these terms refer to the constant movement of
human and natural agents (commotion) how they combine to change the
landscape (collaboration) and how connections between agents on the
landscape are formed (conviviality) Given and associates synthesize these
data from the Troodos Archaeological Environmental Survey Project
(TAESP) into a two-volume set Volume 1 Methodology Analysis amp
Interaction provides the methodological theoretical and raw data framework
for the TAESP survey Volume 2 The TAESP Landscape applies these
methods and data to the survey area while also incorporating historical
records and ethnographic evidence In short volume 1 functions as an
extended introduction to the methods and survey area while volume 2
presents conclusions drawn from the survey data in a geographical manner
The TAESP project is partly an extension of a previous survey the
Sydney Cyprus Survey Project (SCSP) conducted by the authors from 1992ndash
1997 in an adjacent region of northwestern Cyprus (Given and Knapp 2003)
Given et al apply much of the same methodology in both the SCSP survey
and the TAESP survey Rather than searching for sites or focusing on a
particular chronological period the authors use a regional perspective to
understand the interaction between people and the landscape This regional
focus is part of a ldquosecond waverdquo (Given 20135) of theoretically minded large
-scale survey projects throughout the Mediterranean world (Given and Knapp
2003 Tartaron et al 2006 cf Watrous et al 2004)
Mann 91
Volume 1 is divided into six chapters and begins with an informative
introduction providing the historical and archaeological contexts of the survey
area as well as the grouprsquos research aims The reader is introduced to the long
history of Cyprus ranging from the islandrsquos first inhabitants in the
Epipaleolithic to modern-day Cypriot communities In addition the authors
provide the theoretical underpinnings for TAESP in the first chapter
The theoretical framework of the TAESP survey is largely
constructed upon Ian Hodderrsquos (1999 2000) concept of ldquothe siterdquo wherein a
site is a collection of meanings or associations to a past or present group
(Given et al 2013 vol 110) In this mode of thinking the site is moved
beyond a geographically bounded collection of material culture (artifacts) to
an area of human interaction with shifting contexts which the archaeologist
must interpret This interpretation of ldquothe siterdquo goes hand in hand with
Givenrsquos commotion collaboration and conviviality in that data (eg sites
artifacts) are not objective remains that reflect a particular behavior but are
the byproduct of human motion across and interaction with the landscape
This theory drives the way the TAESP team collected data (siteless) and how
they interpreted the data (deciphering human-landscape interaction) As
Johnson states ldquowe [archaeologists] can never confront theory and data in-
stead we see data through a cloud of theoryrdquo (1999102) Commotion collab-
oration and conviviality make up the cloud through which the TAESP team
saw the data
The idea of the siteless survey is not new to Mediterranean survey
as Caraher (2006) has pointed out and this method has been utilized in past
surveys Proponents of this artifact-level data dense style of survey argue that
it more accurately reflects the material landscape of the survey universe The
adherence to a siteless survey methodology is manifested in the TAESP
survey through its hyper-intensive data collection strategies in addition to the
absence of ldquositesrdquo in the more traditional sensemdashie geographically bounded
feature or artifact rich units with excavation potential (eg a tomb) The
TAESP directors reconcile this lack of sites by instead choosing to focus the
survey on the artifact-level as opposed to site-level In doing so extreme
amounts of data were collected to form interpretive conclusions from the
resulting artifact carpets (artifact densities mapped onto the survey universe)
in an attempt to contextualize the landscape
The TAESP team presents the methodology for achieving this
siteless aim in ch 2 Their goal was to produce interdisciplinary and
regionally orientated data sets that project a more accurate representation of
the survey universe Field crews covered an area of 164 km2 performing
pedestrian transects in areas of high archaeological potential using a stratified
sampling method that divided the survey universe into Intensive Survey
92 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction
Zones (ISZs) and extensive zones The ISZs comprising areas of higher
archaeological potential were more frequently transected than the extensive
zones The authors then plot ldquovariation in artifact density function and date
across the entire landscape rather than centering analysis around specific
lsquositesrsquo or lsquodots on the maprsquordquo again rejecting the essentialism of the site
(Given et al 2013 vol 120) Instead Given and associates use the term
Places of Special Interest (POSIs) A POSI which in many ways is what
would normally constitute an archaeological ldquositerdquo is ldquoany location where
there was good reason whether cultural or natural for carrying out more
detailed recordingrdquo (Given et al 2013 vol 126) Architectural remains
including farmsteads mills churches mosques and villages are generally
listed as Places of Special Interest (POSIs) or Building Units (BUs) (Given et
al 2013 vol 1261ndash277) An admirable 30721 ceramic sherds were collected
and analyzed during the course of the survey (Given et al 2013 vol 125)
Specialists also directed crews to collect data on geomorphology
archaeometallurgy and geobotany As a measure of methodological integrity
the TAESP directors initiated a seeding experiment (Given et al 2013 vol
135) to ensure consistency in artifact collection by field crews This addition
of a quality control test aids in establishing the overall effectiveness of
TAESPrsquos field collection methods Overall the tried-and-true transect method
is appropriate and the inclusion of specialty fields (eg paleogeology
paleobotany) help to further the comprehensiveness of the survey
In addition to their siteless methodology Given et al undertake the
task of ldquoflattening the hierarchyrdquo of terrestrial survey (Given et al 2013 vol
111) This ldquoflatteningrdquo seeks to place the job of interpretation into the hands
of all who are walking the landscape The benefit to choosing this method is
imprecise as the opinions of those ldquoencounteringrdquo the landscape in the 21st
century no doubt bear little resemblance to the mindset of those in the 1st
century Landscape and Interaction cites the example of how a field crew
designated two hills as POSIs in spite of the absence of material remains
because of their integral nature to the landscape (Given et al 2013 vol 112)
It is implied that from fieldwalker to director integration was practiced in
interpreting the landscape It is unclear however how impactful this decision
was as analysis was carried out by those in directorate positions This hyper-
interpretative approach as classified by Fleming (2006) seeks to incorporate
an experiential element to the field survey This is much in line with the
surveyrsquos phenomenological approach to landscape analysis
The four main chronological sequences identified on the TAESP
landscape are presented chronologically in ch 3 Prehistoric Iron Age
Hellenistic-Roman and Medieval-Modern For ceramics a distinction is made
between fine-wares and utility wares and their geographical origin is noted
Mann 93
when possible Detailed ceramic lithic and special finds catalogues are
included in this chapter (Given et al 2013 vol 180ndash227) Defining village
or POSI boundaries was not a concern once again in keeping with the
theoretical framework of the survey This method of collection affects
potential analyses for instance conducting a comparative analysis between
features within specific POSIs is difficult due to the lack of detail provided
(outside of artifact assemblages found on transects)
The landscapendashhuman interaction and its influence on the material
culture found within the TAESP survey region is synthesized within chs 5ndash
6 The authors present in chronological order the settlement patterns
communication networks and subsistence strategies of the inhabitants of the
TAESP landscape viewed through the ideas presented in ch 1 (Given et al
2013 vol 1321) This chronology begins with the Epipaleolithic and ends
with the British colonial period Working with a landscape contextualized
through the siteless field methodology the authors focus here on reconciling
processualist-rooted data collection (field and collection methods) with post-
processual interpretation (commotion collaboration and conviviality) The
conclusions drawn are therefore interpreted from the data to understand the
diachronically changing dynamic of humanndashenvironment interaction These
chapters (5ndash6) are the most representative of the TAESP teamrsquos theoretical
framework Inferences are made as to human experience on and interaction
with the landscape This is opposed to the other chapters in volumes 1 and 2
which largely serve to establish methodology and organize data (often
geographically) with arguably less interpretative influence
The authors end volume 1 by offering an array of sites (defined in
the more traditional sense) for further investigation displaying a hope for
work to continue in the region This recommendation as well as the
subsequent declaration that to find sites was not TAESPrsquos intent are passive
concessions for the volumersquos lack of focus on traditional archaeological sites
and appear aimed at the archaeologist who is searching for TAESPrsquos
contribution to understanding the Cypriot landscape through the discovery
and analysis of traditional ldquositesrdquo
The authors organize volume 2 into four geographic sections the
plains the Karkotis Valley the Lagoudhera Valley and the mountains They
use this geographic layout to present the ldquorelationship between people and
their landscaperdquo (Given et al 2013 vol 22) Volume 2 primarily functions as
the results and discussion section for Landscape and Interaction as the
authors organize the various types of data (ie survey archaeometallurgical
botanical) to form diachronic conclusions of the TAESP landscape
The plains which encompass the Atsas Mandres and Koutraphas
geographic zones compose the first locale discussed in volume 2 (Given et al
94 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction
2013 vol 26ndash48) This ecological zone contains occupations dating from the
Epipaleolithic to the British colonial period (Given et al 2013 vol 27) Of
note is the Roman farmstead at Vrysi tou Haji Christophi and the Medieval-
Modern villages scattered throughout The Karkotis Valley the second
geographical zone presented exhibits continual occupation for over six
millennia (Given et al 2013 vol 251) This occupational history is in large
part due to the prime agricultural land located within the valley Several
tombs are also present dating from the pre-Bronze Age and Roman periods
within the Karkotis Valley at Laonarka and Pano Limna respectively
Occupation within the Troodos Mountains ecological zone is decidedly
narrower reaching only from the Late Roman period to the Byzantine-
Modern (Given et al 2013 vol 2205) The nature of Roman activity remains
unclear however it is clear that it differs from the farm steading occurring in
the plains ecological zone (Given et al 2013 vol 2211) An extensive
Byzantine-Modern component can be found in the Troodos The Asinou
church and monastery are exquisitely preserved examples of late 11th century
religious architecture that speak to this component (Given et al 2013 vol
2214)
The Lagoudhera Valley was an area of copper mining and extraction
within the survey universe and although smaller than Skouriotissa it
comprises a representative manifestation of the TAESP teamrsquos methodology
and interpretation practices Many of the conclusions drawn from the
Lagoudhera Valley are a product of the authorsrsquo contextualizationmdashie focus
on the off-site rather than the ldquositerdquomdashof the landscape POSIs created
through the ldquoflattening of the hierarchyrdquomdashsuch as the hills noted by survey
teamsmdashas well as artifact presence are used to trace the motion of people
across the landscape (commotion) The authors use these data to give an
interpretive view of the human activity and the social setting surrounding the
extraction of copper and its subsequent impact on the landscape (Given et al
2013 vol 2202) In sum whereas volume 1 details the material culture of the
TAESP survey universe and attempts to address the teamrsquos primary research
goals (eg humanndashlandscape interaction) volume 2 synthesizes the results of
the TAESP survey on an area-by-area basis that address explicit research
questions (eg copper production in the Upper Lagoudhera Valley) while
incorporating the work of interdisciplinary team members
Overall the work produced by Given et al in Landscape and
Interaction contains a wealth of data beneficial to its intended audience of
European and North American archaeologists interested in advancing
archaeology in the eastern Mediterranean basin as well as archaeologists
interested in landscape theory This is greatly enhanced by the publishing of
the TAESP as well as the SCSP data onlinei However the choice of the
Mann 95
TAESP team not to delimit and detail POSIs beyond geographical setting is
problematic ldquoVerbingrdquo humanndashenvironmental interactionmdashie describing
human actions through survey data rather than imposed rigid categories
(Given et al 2013 vol 1344)mdashsolely through artifact presenceabsence
across the landscape seems incomplete without including the context and
nature of ldquositesrdquo or POSIs in greater detail For example the TAESP teamrsquos
decision not to bound or GPS significant features within POSIs does not
allow for comparison study between the POSIs If significant features
differentiate POSIs from other areas of the transect it seems that defining
these spaces through a more traditional concept of ldquositerdquo would offer further
analytical potential Rather than undermining the siteless methodology
detailing the specifics that form within POSIs would provide more avenues
for archaeologists to analyze the data collected While conducting a siteless
survey has its benefits especially in a culturally diffuse landscape the
TAESP authors could strengthen their interpretations through the inclusion of
more POSI detail to allow for greater analysis of variation amongst the
ldquoknotsrdquo that form through commotion
Furthermore regarding the teamrsquos attempt to ldquoflatten the hierarchyrdquo
their employed methods lay the groundwork for further experimentation with
this concept Perhaps something akin to American cultural resource
managementrsquos use of tribal cultural surveys could benefit future research
wherein the goal of the transect is solely to understand sacred landscapes
through an emic perspective This emic approach could have been applied
through greater local participation on the survey itself especially in the case
of the Ottoman-Modern landscape due to its historical continuity with the
current population
Nevertheless the value of Landscape and Interaction is
unmistakable Its data collection strategies are innovative and the breadth of
data collected and published is enormous Regardless of theoretical
orientation the data offer a wealth of information relevant to a wide variety of
research questions ranging from settlement patterns to social archaeology
Attempting to unite processual methods with post-processual interpretation is
a noble cause that deserves further refinement (Bintliff 1996) This is
especially the case with the ideas of commotion collaboration and
conviviality which provide an interesting tool for understanding the enormity
of data collected from the study of humanndashlandscape interaction
Theoretically driven survey seeks to answer broader anthropological
questions and the TAESP survey has made strides in furthering this aim
Overall the volumes are a model of large-scale siteless survey field
methodology within a multi-component landscape and are of use to both
students learning about and archaeologists conducting regional survey
96 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction
Notes
i httpintarchacukjournalissue204pottfindcfm
References
Bintliff John
1996 Interactions of Theory Methodology and Practice Archaeological
Dialogues 3(2)246ndash255
Caraher William
2006 Siteless Survey and Intensive Data Collection in an Artifact-Rich
Environment Case Studies from the Eastern Corinthia Greece
Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 3(2)246ndash255
Fleming Andrew
2006 Post-Processual Landscape Archaeology A Critique Cambridge
Archaeological Journal 16(3)267ndash280
Given Michael
2013 Commotion Collaboration Conviviality Mediterranean Survey and
the Interpretation of Landscape Journal of Mediterranean
Archaeology 26(1)3ndash26
Given Michael and Arthur Bernard Knapp
2003 The Sydney Cyprus Survey Project Social Approaches to Regional
Archaeological Survey Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of
Archaeology
Hodder Ian
1999 The Archaeological Process An Introduction Oxford Blackwell
2000 Developing a Reflexive Method in Archaeology In Towards
Reflexive Method in Archaeology The Example at Ccedilatalhoumlyuumlk Ian
Hodder ed Pp 3ndash14 Cambridge McDonald Institute
Johnson Matthew
1999 Archaeological Theory An Introduction Oxford Blackwell
Tartaron Thomas F
2006 The Eastern Korinthia Archaeological Survey Integrated Methods
for a Dynamic Landscape Hisperia 75(1)435ndash505
Watrous LV Desponia Hadzi-Vallianou and Harriet Blitzer
2004 The Plains of Phaistos Cycles of Social Complexity in the Mesara
Region of Crete Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of Archaeology
- FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-Frontmatter
- FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-BookReviews
- Mann-FN-Vol7(1)-2015-REVIEWS-LandscapeAndInteractionTheTroodosArchaeologicalAndEnvironmentalSurveyProjectCyprusVols1amp2
-
Mann 91
Volume 1 is divided into six chapters and begins with an informative
introduction providing the historical and archaeological contexts of the survey
area as well as the grouprsquos research aims The reader is introduced to the long
history of Cyprus ranging from the islandrsquos first inhabitants in the
Epipaleolithic to modern-day Cypriot communities In addition the authors
provide the theoretical underpinnings for TAESP in the first chapter
The theoretical framework of the TAESP survey is largely
constructed upon Ian Hodderrsquos (1999 2000) concept of ldquothe siterdquo wherein a
site is a collection of meanings or associations to a past or present group
(Given et al 2013 vol 110) In this mode of thinking the site is moved
beyond a geographically bounded collection of material culture (artifacts) to
an area of human interaction with shifting contexts which the archaeologist
must interpret This interpretation of ldquothe siterdquo goes hand in hand with
Givenrsquos commotion collaboration and conviviality in that data (eg sites
artifacts) are not objective remains that reflect a particular behavior but are
the byproduct of human motion across and interaction with the landscape
This theory drives the way the TAESP team collected data (siteless) and how
they interpreted the data (deciphering human-landscape interaction) As
Johnson states ldquowe [archaeologists] can never confront theory and data in-
stead we see data through a cloud of theoryrdquo (1999102) Commotion collab-
oration and conviviality make up the cloud through which the TAESP team
saw the data
The idea of the siteless survey is not new to Mediterranean survey
as Caraher (2006) has pointed out and this method has been utilized in past
surveys Proponents of this artifact-level data dense style of survey argue that
it more accurately reflects the material landscape of the survey universe The
adherence to a siteless survey methodology is manifested in the TAESP
survey through its hyper-intensive data collection strategies in addition to the
absence of ldquositesrdquo in the more traditional sensemdashie geographically bounded
feature or artifact rich units with excavation potential (eg a tomb) The
TAESP directors reconcile this lack of sites by instead choosing to focus the
survey on the artifact-level as opposed to site-level In doing so extreme
amounts of data were collected to form interpretive conclusions from the
resulting artifact carpets (artifact densities mapped onto the survey universe)
in an attempt to contextualize the landscape
The TAESP team presents the methodology for achieving this
siteless aim in ch 2 Their goal was to produce interdisciplinary and
regionally orientated data sets that project a more accurate representation of
the survey universe Field crews covered an area of 164 km2 performing
pedestrian transects in areas of high archaeological potential using a stratified
sampling method that divided the survey universe into Intensive Survey
92 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction
Zones (ISZs) and extensive zones The ISZs comprising areas of higher
archaeological potential were more frequently transected than the extensive
zones The authors then plot ldquovariation in artifact density function and date
across the entire landscape rather than centering analysis around specific
lsquositesrsquo or lsquodots on the maprsquordquo again rejecting the essentialism of the site
(Given et al 2013 vol 120) Instead Given and associates use the term
Places of Special Interest (POSIs) A POSI which in many ways is what
would normally constitute an archaeological ldquositerdquo is ldquoany location where
there was good reason whether cultural or natural for carrying out more
detailed recordingrdquo (Given et al 2013 vol 126) Architectural remains
including farmsteads mills churches mosques and villages are generally
listed as Places of Special Interest (POSIs) or Building Units (BUs) (Given et
al 2013 vol 1261ndash277) An admirable 30721 ceramic sherds were collected
and analyzed during the course of the survey (Given et al 2013 vol 125)
Specialists also directed crews to collect data on geomorphology
archaeometallurgy and geobotany As a measure of methodological integrity
the TAESP directors initiated a seeding experiment (Given et al 2013 vol
135) to ensure consistency in artifact collection by field crews This addition
of a quality control test aids in establishing the overall effectiveness of
TAESPrsquos field collection methods Overall the tried-and-true transect method
is appropriate and the inclusion of specialty fields (eg paleogeology
paleobotany) help to further the comprehensiveness of the survey
In addition to their siteless methodology Given et al undertake the
task of ldquoflattening the hierarchyrdquo of terrestrial survey (Given et al 2013 vol
111) This ldquoflatteningrdquo seeks to place the job of interpretation into the hands
of all who are walking the landscape The benefit to choosing this method is
imprecise as the opinions of those ldquoencounteringrdquo the landscape in the 21st
century no doubt bear little resemblance to the mindset of those in the 1st
century Landscape and Interaction cites the example of how a field crew
designated two hills as POSIs in spite of the absence of material remains
because of their integral nature to the landscape (Given et al 2013 vol 112)
It is implied that from fieldwalker to director integration was practiced in
interpreting the landscape It is unclear however how impactful this decision
was as analysis was carried out by those in directorate positions This hyper-
interpretative approach as classified by Fleming (2006) seeks to incorporate
an experiential element to the field survey This is much in line with the
surveyrsquos phenomenological approach to landscape analysis
The four main chronological sequences identified on the TAESP
landscape are presented chronologically in ch 3 Prehistoric Iron Age
Hellenistic-Roman and Medieval-Modern For ceramics a distinction is made
between fine-wares and utility wares and their geographical origin is noted
Mann 93
when possible Detailed ceramic lithic and special finds catalogues are
included in this chapter (Given et al 2013 vol 180ndash227) Defining village
or POSI boundaries was not a concern once again in keeping with the
theoretical framework of the survey This method of collection affects
potential analyses for instance conducting a comparative analysis between
features within specific POSIs is difficult due to the lack of detail provided
(outside of artifact assemblages found on transects)
The landscapendashhuman interaction and its influence on the material
culture found within the TAESP survey region is synthesized within chs 5ndash
6 The authors present in chronological order the settlement patterns
communication networks and subsistence strategies of the inhabitants of the
TAESP landscape viewed through the ideas presented in ch 1 (Given et al
2013 vol 1321) This chronology begins with the Epipaleolithic and ends
with the British colonial period Working with a landscape contextualized
through the siteless field methodology the authors focus here on reconciling
processualist-rooted data collection (field and collection methods) with post-
processual interpretation (commotion collaboration and conviviality) The
conclusions drawn are therefore interpreted from the data to understand the
diachronically changing dynamic of humanndashenvironment interaction These
chapters (5ndash6) are the most representative of the TAESP teamrsquos theoretical
framework Inferences are made as to human experience on and interaction
with the landscape This is opposed to the other chapters in volumes 1 and 2
which largely serve to establish methodology and organize data (often
geographically) with arguably less interpretative influence
The authors end volume 1 by offering an array of sites (defined in
the more traditional sense) for further investigation displaying a hope for
work to continue in the region This recommendation as well as the
subsequent declaration that to find sites was not TAESPrsquos intent are passive
concessions for the volumersquos lack of focus on traditional archaeological sites
and appear aimed at the archaeologist who is searching for TAESPrsquos
contribution to understanding the Cypriot landscape through the discovery
and analysis of traditional ldquositesrdquo
The authors organize volume 2 into four geographic sections the
plains the Karkotis Valley the Lagoudhera Valley and the mountains They
use this geographic layout to present the ldquorelationship between people and
their landscaperdquo (Given et al 2013 vol 22) Volume 2 primarily functions as
the results and discussion section for Landscape and Interaction as the
authors organize the various types of data (ie survey archaeometallurgical
botanical) to form diachronic conclusions of the TAESP landscape
The plains which encompass the Atsas Mandres and Koutraphas
geographic zones compose the first locale discussed in volume 2 (Given et al
94 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction
2013 vol 26ndash48) This ecological zone contains occupations dating from the
Epipaleolithic to the British colonial period (Given et al 2013 vol 27) Of
note is the Roman farmstead at Vrysi tou Haji Christophi and the Medieval-
Modern villages scattered throughout The Karkotis Valley the second
geographical zone presented exhibits continual occupation for over six
millennia (Given et al 2013 vol 251) This occupational history is in large
part due to the prime agricultural land located within the valley Several
tombs are also present dating from the pre-Bronze Age and Roman periods
within the Karkotis Valley at Laonarka and Pano Limna respectively
Occupation within the Troodos Mountains ecological zone is decidedly
narrower reaching only from the Late Roman period to the Byzantine-
Modern (Given et al 2013 vol 2205) The nature of Roman activity remains
unclear however it is clear that it differs from the farm steading occurring in
the plains ecological zone (Given et al 2013 vol 2211) An extensive
Byzantine-Modern component can be found in the Troodos The Asinou
church and monastery are exquisitely preserved examples of late 11th century
religious architecture that speak to this component (Given et al 2013 vol
2214)
The Lagoudhera Valley was an area of copper mining and extraction
within the survey universe and although smaller than Skouriotissa it
comprises a representative manifestation of the TAESP teamrsquos methodology
and interpretation practices Many of the conclusions drawn from the
Lagoudhera Valley are a product of the authorsrsquo contextualizationmdashie focus
on the off-site rather than the ldquositerdquomdashof the landscape POSIs created
through the ldquoflattening of the hierarchyrdquomdashsuch as the hills noted by survey
teamsmdashas well as artifact presence are used to trace the motion of people
across the landscape (commotion) The authors use these data to give an
interpretive view of the human activity and the social setting surrounding the
extraction of copper and its subsequent impact on the landscape (Given et al
2013 vol 2202) In sum whereas volume 1 details the material culture of the
TAESP survey universe and attempts to address the teamrsquos primary research
goals (eg humanndashlandscape interaction) volume 2 synthesizes the results of
the TAESP survey on an area-by-area basis that address explicit research
questions (eg copper production in the Upper Lagoudhera Valley) while
incorporating the work of interdisciplinary team members
Overall the work produced by Given et al in Landscape and
Interaction contains a wealth of data beneficial to its intended audience of
European and North American archaeologists interested in advancing
archaeology in the eastern Mediterranean basin as well as archaeologists
interested in landscape theory This is greatly enhanced by the publishing of
the TAESP as well as the SCSP data onlinei However the choice of the
Mann 95
TAESP team not to delimit and detail POSIs beyond geographical setting is
problematic ldquoVerbingrdquo humanndashenvironmental interactionmdashie describing
human actions through survey data rather than imposed rigid categories
(Given et al 2013 vol 1344)mdashsolely through artifact presenceabsence
across the landscape seems incomplete without including the context and
nature of ldquositesrdquo or POSIs in greater detail For example the TAESP teamrsquos
decision not to bound or GPS significant features within POSIs does not
allow for comparison study between the POSIs If significant features
differentiate POSIs from other areas of the transect it seems that defining
these spaces through a more traditional concept of ldquositerdquo would offer further
analytical potential Rather than undermining the siteless methodology
detailing the specifics that form within POSIs would provide more avenues
for archaeologists to analyze the data collected While conducting a siteless
survey has its benefits especially in a culturally diffuse landscape the
TAESP authors could strengthen their interpretations through the inclusion of
more POSI detail to allow for greater analysis of variation amongst the
ldquoknotsrdquo that form through commotion
Furthermore regarding the teamrsquos attempt to ldquoflatten the hierarchyrdquo
their employed methods lay the groundwork for further experimentation with
this concept Perhaps something akin to American cultural resource
managementrsquos use of tribal cultural surveys could benefit future research
wherein the goal of the transect is solely to understand sacred landscapes
through an emic perspective This emic approach could have been applied
through greater local participation on the survey itself especially in the case
of the Ottoman-Modern landscape due to its historical continuity with the
current population
Nevertheless the value of Landscape and Interaction is
unmistakable Its data collection strategies are innovative and the breadth of
data collected and published is enormous Regardless of theoretical
orientation the data offer a wealth of information relevant to a wide variety of
research questions ranging from settlement patterns to social archaeology
Attempting to unite processual methods with post-processual interpretation is
a noble cause that deserves further refinement (Bintliff 1996) This is
especially the case with the ideas of commotion collaboration and
conviviality which provide an interesting tool for understanding the enormity
of data collected from the study of humanndashlandscape interaction
Theoretically driven survey seeks to answer broader anthropological
questions and the TAESP survey has made strides in furthering this aim
Overall the volumes are a model of large-scale siteless survey field
methodology within a multi-component landscape and are of use to both
students learning about and archaeologists conducting regional survey
96 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction
Notes
i httpintarchacukjournalissue204pottfindcfm
References
Bintliff John
1996 Interactions of Theory Methodology and Practice Archaeological
Dialogues 3(2)246ndash255
Caraher William
2006 Siteless Survey and Intensive Data Collection in an Artifact-Rich
Environment Case Studies from the Eastern Corinthia Greece
Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 3(2)246ndash255
Fleming Andrew
2006 Post-Processual Landscape Archaeology A Critique Cambridge
Archaeological Journal 16(3)267ndash280
Given Michael
2013 Commotion Collaboration Conviviality Mediterranean Survey and
the Interpretation of Landscape Journal of Mediterranean
Archaeology 26(1)3ndash26
Given Michael and Arthur Bernard Knapp
2003 The Sydney Cyprus Survey Project Social Approaches to Regional
Archaeological Survey Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of
Archaeology
Hodder Ian
1999 The Archaeological Process An Introduction Oxford Blackwell
2000 Developing a Reflexive Method in Archaeology In Towards
Reflexive Method in Archaeology The Example at Ccedilatalhoumlyuumlk Ian
Hodder ed Pp 3ndash14 Cambridge McDonald Institute
Johnson Matthew
1999 Archaeological Theory An Introduction Oxford Blackwell
Tartaron Thomas F
2006 The Eastern Korinthia Archaeological Survey Integrated Methods
for a Dynamic Landscape Hisperia 75(1)435ndash505
Watrous LV Desponia Hadzi-Vallianou and Harriet Blitzer
2004 The Plains of Phaistos Cycles of Social Complexity in the Mesara
Region of Crete Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of Archaeology
- FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-Frontmatter
- FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-BookReviews
- Mann-FN-Vol7(1)-2015-REVIEWS-LandscapeAndInteractionTheTroodosArchaeologicalAndEnvironmentalSurveyProjectCyprusVols1amp2
-
92 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction
Zones (ISZs) and extensive zones The ISZs comprising areas of higher
archaeological potential were more frequently transected than the extensive
zones The authors then plot ldquovariation in artifact density function and date
across the entire landscape rather than centering analysis around specific
lsquositesrsquo or lsquodots on the maprsquordquo again rejecting the essentialism of the site
(Given et al 2013 vol 120) Instead Given and associates use the term
Places of Special Interest (POSIs) A POSI which in many ways is what
would normally constitute an archaeological ldquositerdquo is ldquoany location where
there was good reason whether cultural or natural for carrying out more
detailed recordingrdquo (Given et al 2013 vol 126) Architectural remains
including farmsteads mills churches mosques and villages are generally
listed as Places of Special Interest (POSIs) or Building Units (BUs) (Given et
al 2013 vol 1261ndash277) An admirable 30721 ceramic sherds were collected
and analyzed during the course of the survey (Given et al 2013 vol 125)
Specialists also directed crews to collect data on geomorphology
archaeometallurgy and geobotany As a measure of methodological integrity
the TAESP directors initiated a seeding experiment (Given et al 2013 vol
135) to ensure consistency in artifact collection by field crews This addition
of a quality control test aids in establishing the overall effectiveness of
TAESPrsquos field collection methods Overall the tried-and-true transect method
is appropriate and the inclusion of specialty fields (eg paleogeology
paleobotany) help to further the comprehensiveness of the survey
In addition to their siteless methodology Given et al undertake the
task of ldquoflattening the hierarchyrdquo of terrestrial survey (Given et al 2013 vol
111) This ldquoflatteningrdquo seeks to place the job of interpretation into the hands
of all who are walking the landscape The benefit to choosing this method is
imprecise as the opinions of those ldquoencounteringrdquo the landscape in the 21st
century no doubt bear little resemblance to the mindset of those in the 1st
century Landscape and Interaction cites the example of how a field crew
designated two hills as POSIs in spite of the absence of material remains
because of their integral nature to the landscape (Given et al 2013 vol 112)
It is implied that from fieldwalker to director integration was practiced in
interpreting the landscape It is unclear however how impactful this decision
was as analysis was carried out by those in directorate positions This hyper-
interpretative approach as classified by Fleming (2006) seeks to incorporate
an experiential element to the field survey This is much in line with the
surveyrsquos phenomenological approach to landscape analysis
The four main chronological sequences identified on the TAESP
landscape are presented chronologically in ch 3 Prehistoric Iron Age
Hellenistic-Roman and Medieval-Modern For ceramics a distinction is made
between fine-wares and utility wares and their geographical origin is noted
Mann 93
when possible Detailed ceramic lithic and special finds catalogues are
included in this chapter (Given et al 2013 vol 180ndash227) Defining village
or POSI boundaries was not a concern once again in keeping with the
theoretical framework of the survey This method of collection affects
potential analyses for instance conducting a comparative analysis between
features within specific POSIs is difficult due to the lack of detail provided
(outside of artifact assemblages found on transects)
The landscapendashhuman interaction and its influence on the material
culture found within the TAESP survey region is synthesized within chs 5ndash
6 The authors present in chronological order the settlement patterns
communication networks and subsistence strategies of the inhabitants of the
TAESP landscape viewed through the ideas presented in ch 1 (Given et al
2013 vol 1321) This chronology begins with the Epipaleolithic and ends
with the British colonial period Working with a landscape contextualized
through the siteless field methodology the authors focus here on reconciling
processualist-rooted data collection (field and collection methods) with post-
processual interpretation (commotion collaboration and conviviality) The
conclusions drawn are therefore interpreted from the data to understand the
diachronically changing dynamic of humanndashenvironment interaction These
chapters (5ndash6) are the most representative of the TAESP teamrsquos theoretical
framework Inferences are made as to human experience on and interaction
with the landscape This is opposed to the other chapters in volumes 1 and 2
which largely serve to establish methodology and organize data (often
geographically) with arguably less interpretative influence
The authors end volume 1 by offering an array of sites (defined in
the more traditional sense) for further investigation displaying a hope for
work to continue in the region This recommendation as well as the
subsequent declaration that to find sites was not TAESPrsquos intent are passive
concessions for the volumersquos lack of focus on traditional archaeological sites
and appear aimed at the archaeologist who is searching for TAESPrsquos
contribution to understanding the Cypriot landscape through the discovery
and analysis of traditional ldquositesrdquo
The authors organize volume 2 into four geographic sections the
plains the Karkotis Valley the Lagoudhera Valley and the mountains They
use this geographic layout to present the ldquorelationship between people and
their landscaperdquo (Given et al 2013 vol 22) Volume 2 primarily functions as
the results and discussion section for Landscape and Interaction as the
authors organize the various types of data (ie survey archaeometallurgical
botanical) to form diachronic conclusions of the TAESP landscape
The plains which encompass the Atsas Mandres and Koutraphas
geographic zones compose the first locale discussed in volume 2 (Given et al
94 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction
2013 vol 26ndash48) This ecological zone contains occupations dating from the
Epipaleolithic to the British colonial period (Given et al 2013 vol 27) Of
note is the Roman farmstead at Vrysi tou Haji Christophi and the Medieval-
Modern villages scattered throughout The Karkotis Valley the second
geographical zone presented exhibits continual occupation for over six
millennia (Given et al 2013 vol 251) This occupational history is in large
part due to the prime agricultural land located within the valley Several
tombs are also present dating from the pre-Bronze Age and Roman periods
within the Karkotis Valley at Laonarka and Pano Limna respectively
Occupation within the Troodos Mountains ecological zone is decidedly
narrower reaching only from the Late Roman period to the Byzantine-
Modern (Given et al 2013 vol 2205) The nature of Roman activity remains
unclear however it is clear that it differs from the farm steading occurring in
the plains ecological zone (Given et al 2013 vol 2211) An extensive
Byzantine-Modern component can be found in the Troodos The Asinou
church and monastery are exquisitely preserved examples of late 11th century
religious architecture that speak to this component (Given et al 2013 vol
2214)
The Lagoudhera Valley was an area of copper mining and extraction
within the survey universe and although smaller than Skouriotissa it
comprises a representative manifestation of the TAESP teamrsquos methodology
and interpretation practices Many of the conclusions drawn from the
Lagoudhera Valley are a product of the authorsrsquo contextualizationmdashie focus
on the off-site rather than the ldquositerdquomdashof the landscape POSIs created
through the ldquoflattening of the hierarchyrdquomdashsuch as the hills noted by survey
teamsmdashas well as artifact presence are used to trace the motion of people
across the landscape (commotion) The authors use these data to give an
interpretive view of the human activity and the social setting surrounding the
extraction of copper and its subsequent impact on the landscape (Given et al
2013 vol 2202) In sum whereas volume 1 details the material culture of the
TAESP survey universe and attempts to address the teamrsquos primary research
goals (eg humanndashlandscape interaction) volume 2 synthesizes the results of
the TAESP survey on an area-by-area basis that address explicit research
questions (eg copper production in the Upper Lagoudhera Valley) while
incorporating the work of interdisciplinary team members
Overall the work produced by Given et al in Landscape and
Interaction contains a wealth of data beneficial to its intended audience of
European and North American archaeologists interested in advancing
archaeology in the eastern Mediterranean basin as well as archaeologists
interested in landscape theory This is greatly enhanced by the publishing of
the TAESP as well as the SCSP data onlinei However the choice of the
Mann 95
TAESP team not to delimit and detail POSIs beyond geographical setting is
problematic ldquoVerbingrdquo humanndashenvironmental interactionmdashie describing
human actions through survey data rather than imposed rigid categories
(Given et al 2013 vol 1344)mdashsolely through artifact presenceabsence
across the landscape seems incomplete without including the context and
nature of ldquositesrdquo or POSIs in greater detail For example the TAESP teamrsquos
decision not to bound or GPS significant features within POSIs does not
allow for comparison study between the POSIs If significant features
differentiate POSIs from other areas of the transect it seems that defining
these spaces through a more traditional concept of ldquositerdquo would offer further
analytical potential Rather than undermining the siteless methodology
detailing the specifics that form within POSIs would provide more avenues
for archaeologists to analyze the data collected While conducting a siteless
survey has its benefits especially in a culturally diffuse landscape the
TAESP authors could strengthen their interpretations through the inclusion of
more POSI detail to allow for greater analysis of variation amongst the
ldquoknotsrdquo that form through commotion
Furthermore regarding the teamrsquos attempt to ldquoflatten the hierarchyrdquo
their employed methods lay the groundwork for further experimentation with
this concept Perhaps something akin to American cultural resource
managementrsquos use of tribal cultural surveys could benefit future research
wherein the goal of the transect is solely to understand sacred landscapes
through an emic perspective This emic approach could have been applied
through greater local participation on the survey itself especially in the case
of the Ottoman-Modern landscape due to its historical continuity with the
current population
Nevertheless the value of Landscape and Interaction is
unmistakable Its data collection strategies are innovative and the breadth of
data collected and published is enormous Regardless of theoretical
orientation the data offer a wealth of information relevant to a wide variety of
research questions ranging from settlement patterns to social archaeology
Attempting to unite processual methods with post-processual interpretation is
a noble cause that deserves further refinement (Bintliff 1996) This is
especially the case with the ideas of commotion collaboration and
conviviality which provide an interesting tool for understanding the enormity
of data collected from the study of humanndashlandscape interaction
Theoretically driven survey seeks to answer broader anthropological
questions and the TAESP survey has made strides in furthering this aim
Overall the volumes are a model of large-scale siteless survey field
methodology within a multi-component landscape and are of use to both
students learning about and archaeologists conducting regional survey
96 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction
Notes
i httpintarchacukjournalissue204pottfindcfm
References
Bintliff John
1996 Interactions of Theory Methodology and Practice Archaeological
Dialogues 3(2)246ndash255
Caraher William
2006 Siteless Survey and Intensive Data Collection in an Artifact-Rich
Environment Case Studies from the Eastern Corinthia Greece
Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 3(2)246ndash255
Fleming Andrew
2006 Post-Processual Landscape Archaeology A Critique Cambridge
Archaeological Journal 16(3)267ndash280
Given Michael
2013 Commotion Collaboration Conviviality Mediterranean Survey and
the Interpretation of Landscape Journal of Mediterranean
Archaeology 26(1)3ndash26
Given Michael and Arthur Bernard Knapp
2003 The Sydney Cyprus Survey Project Social Approaches to Regional
Archaeological Survey Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of
Archaeology
Hodder Ian
1999 The Archaeological Process An Introduction Oxford Blackwell
2000 Developing a Reflexive Method in Archaeology In Towards
Reflexive Method in Archaeology The Example at Ccedilatalhoumlyuumlk Ian
Hodder ed Pp 3ndash14 Cambridge McDonald Institute
Johnson Matthew
1999 Archaeological Theory An Introduction Oxford Blackwell
Tartaron Thomas F
2006 The Eastern Korinthia Archaeological Survey Integrated Methods
for a Dynamic Landscape Hisperia 75(1)435ndash505
Watrous LV Desponia Hadzi-Vallianou and Harriet Blitzer
2004 The Plains of Phaistos Cycles of Social Complexity in the Mesara
Region of Crete Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of Archaeology
- FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-Frontmatter
- FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-BookReviews
- Mann-FN-Vol7(1)-2015-REVIEWS-LandscapeAndInteractionTheTroodosArchaeologicalAndEnvironmentalSurveyProjectCyprusVols1amp2
-
Mann 93
when possible Detailed ceramic lithic and special finds catalogues are
included in this chapter (Given et al 2013 vol 180ndash227) Defining village
or POSI boundaries was not a concern once again in keeping with the
theoretical framework of the survey This method of collection affects
potential analyses for instance conducting a comparative analysis between
features within specific POSIs is difficult due to the lack of detail provided
(outside of artifact assemblages found on transects)
The landscapendashhuman interaction and its influence on the material
culture found within the TAESP survey region is synthesized within chs 5ndash
6 The authors present in chronological order the settlement patterns
communication networks and subsistence strategies of the inhabitants of the
TAESP landscape viewed through the ideas presented in ch 1 (Given et al
2013 vol 1321) This chronology begins with the Epipaleolithic and ends
with the British colonial period Working with a landscape contextualized
through the siteless field methodology the authors focus here on reconciling
processualist-rooted data collection (field and collection methods) with post-
processual interpretation (commotion collaboration and conviviality) The
conclusions drawn are therefore interpreted from the data to understand the
diachronically changing dynamic of humanndashenvironment interaction These
chapters (5ndash6) are the most representative of the TAESP teamrsquos theoretical
framework Inferences are made as to human experience on and interaction
with the landscape This is opposed to the other chapters in volumes 1 and 2
which largely serve to establish methodology and organize data (often
geographically) with arguably less interpretative influence
The authors end volume 1 by offering an array of sites (defined in
the more traditional sense) for further investigation displaying a hope for
work to continue in the region This recommendation as well as the
subsequent declaration that to find sites was not TAESPrsquos intent are passive
concessions for the volumersquos lack of focus on traditional archaeological sites
and appear aimed at the archaeologist who is searching for TAESPrsquos
contribution to understanding the Cypriot landscape through the discovery
and analysis of traditional ldquositesrdquo
The authors organize volume 2 into four geographic sections the
plains the Karkotis Valley the Lagoudhera Valley and the mountains They
use this geographic layout to present the ldquorelationship between people and
their landscaperdquo (Given et al 2013 vol 22) Volume 2 primarily functions as
the results and discussion section for Landscape and Interaction as the
authors organize the various types of data (ie survey archaeometallurgical
botanical) to form diachronic conclusions of the TAESP landscape
The plains which encompass the Atsas Mandres and Koutraphas
geographic zones compose the first locale discussed in volume 2 (Given et al
94 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction
2013 vol 26ndash48) This ecological zone contains occupations dating from the
Epipaleolithic to the British colonial period (Given et al 2013 vol 27) Of
note is the Roman farmstead at Vrysi tou Haji Christophi and the Medieval-
Modern villages scattered throughout The Karkotis Valley the second
geographical zone presented exhibits continual occupation for over six
millennia (Given et al 2013 vol 251) This occupational history is in large
part due to the prime agricultural land located within the valley Several
tombs are also present dating from the pre-Bronze Age and Roman periods
within the Karkotis Valley at Laonarka and Pano Limna respectively
Occupation within the Troodos Mountains ecological zone is decidedly
narrower reaching only from the Late Roman period to the Byzantine-
Modern (Given et al 2013 vol 2205) The nature of Roman activity remains
unclear however it is clear that it differs from the farm steading occurring in
the plains ecological zone (Given et al 2013 vol 2211) An extensive
Byzantine-Modern component can be found in the Troodos The Asinou
church and monastery are exquisitely preserved examples of late 11th century
religious architecture that speak to this component (Given et al 2013 vol
2214)
The Lagoudhera Valley was an area of copper mining and extraction
within the survey universe and although smaller than Skouriotissa it
comprises a representative manifestation of the TAESP teamrsquos methodology
and interpretation practices Many of the conclusions drawn from the
Lagoudhera Valley are a product of the authorsrsquo contextualizationmdashie focus
on the off-site rather than the ldquositerdquomdashof the landscape POSIs created
through the ldquoflattening of the hierarchyrdquomdashsuch as the hills noted by survey
teamsmdashas well as artifact presence are used to trace the motion of people
across the landscape (commotion) The authors use these data to give an
interpretive view of the human activity and the social setting surrounding the
extraction of copper and its subsequent impact on the landscape (Given et al
2013 vol 2202) In sum whereas volume 1 details the material culture of the
TAESP survey universe and attempts to address the teamrsquos primary research
goals (eg humanndashlandscape interaction) volume 2 synthesizes the results of
the TAESP survey on an area-by-area basis that address explicit research
questions (eg copper production in the Upper Lagoudhera Valley) while
incorporating the work of interdisciplinary team members
Overall the work produced by Given et al in Landscape and
Interaction contains a wealth of data beneficial to its intended audience of
European and North American archaeologists interested in advancing
archaeology in the eastern Mediterranean basin as well as archaeologists
interested in landscape theory This is greatly enhanced by the publishing of
the TAESP as well as the SCSP data onlinei However the choice of the
Mann 95
TAESP team not to delimit and detail POSIs beyond geographical setting is
problematic ldquoVerbingrdquo humanndashenvironmental interactionmdashie describing
human actions through survey data rather than imposed rigid categories
(Given et al 2013 vol 1344)mdashsolely through artifact presenceabsence
across the landscape seems incomplete without including the context and
nature of ldquositesrdquo or POSIs in greater detail For example the TAESP teamrsquos
decision not to bound or GPS significant features within POSIs does not
allow for comparison study between the POSIs If significant features
differentiate POSIs from other areas of the transect it seems that defining
these spaces through a more traditional concept of ldquositerdquo would offer further
analytical potential Rather than undermining the siteless methodology
detailing the specifics that form within POSIs would provide more avenues
for archaeologists to analyze the data collected While conducting a siteless
survey has its benefits especially in a culturally diffuse landscape the
TAESP authors could strengthen their interpretations through the inclusion of
more POSI detail to allow for greater analysis of variation amongst the
ldquoknotsrdquo that form through commotion
Furthermore regarding the teamrsquos attempt to ldquoflatten the hierarchyrdquo
their employed methods lay the groundwork for further experimentation with
this concept Perhaps something akin to American cultural resource
managementrsquos use of tribal cultural surveys could benefit future research
wherein the goal of the transect is solely to understand sacred landscapes
through an emic perspective This emic approach could have been applied
through greater local participation on the survey itself especially in the case
of the Ottoman-Modern landscape due to its historical continuity with the
current population
Nevertheless the value of Landscape and Interaction is
unmistakable Its data collection strategies are innovative and the breadth of
data collected and published is enormous Regardless of theoretical
orientation the data offer a wealth of information relevant to a wide variety of
research questions ranging from settlement patterns to social archaeology
Attempting to unite processual methods with post-processual interpretation is
a noble cause that deserves further refinement (Bintliff 1996) This is
especially the case with the ideas of commotion collaboration and
conviviality which provide an interesting tool for understanding the enormity
of data collected from the study of humanndashlandscape interaction
Theoretically driven survey seeks to answer broader anthropological
questions and the TAESP survey has made strides in furthering this aim
Overall the volumes are a model of large-scale siteless survey field
methodology within a multi-component landscape and are of use to both
students learning about and archaeologists conducting regional survey
96 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction
Notes
i httpintarchacukjournalissue204pottfindcfm
References
Bintliff John
1996 Interactions of Theory Methodology and Practice Archaeological
Dialogues 3(2)246ndash255
Caraher William
2006 Siteless Survey and Intensive Data Collection in an Artifact-Rich
Environment Case Studies from the Eastern Corinthia Greece
Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 3(2)246ndash255
Fleming Andrew
2006 Post-Processual Landscape Archaeology A Critique Cambridge
Archaeological Journal 16(3)267ndash280
Given Michael
2013 Commotion Collaboration Conviviality Mediterranean Survey and
the Interpretation of Landscape Journal of Mediterranean
Archaeology 26(1)3ndash26
Given Michael and Arthur Bernard Knapp
2003 The Sydney Cyprus Survey Project Social Approaches to Regional
Archaeological Survey Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of
Archaeology
Hodder Ian
1999 The Archaeological Process An Introduction Oxford Blackwell
2000 Developing a Reflexive Method in Archaeology In Towards
Reflexive Method in Archaeology The Example at Ccedilatalhoumlyuumlk Ian
Hodder ed Pp 3ndash14 Cambridge McDonald Institute
Johnson Matthew
1999 Archaeological Theory An Introduction Oxford Blackwell
Tartaron Thomas F
2006 The Eastern Korinthia Archaeological Survey Integrated Methods
for a Dynamic Landscape Hisperia 75(1)435ndash505
Watrous LV Desponia Hadzi-Vallianou and Harriet Blitzer
2004 The Plains of Phaistos Cycles of Social Complexity in the Mesara
Region of Crete Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of Archaeology
- FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-Frontmatter
- FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-BookReviews
- Mann-FN-Vol7(1)-2015-REVIEWS-LandscapeAndInteractionTheTroodosArchaeologicalAndEnvironmentalSurveyProjectCyprusVols1amp2
-
94 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction
2013 vol 26ndash48) This ecological zone contains occupations dating from the
Epipaleolithic to the British colonial period (Given et al 2013 vol 27) Of
note is the Roman farmstead at Vrysi tou Haji Christophi and the Medieval-
Modern villages scattered throughout The Karkotis Valley the second
geographical zone presented exhibits continual occupation for over six
millennia (Given et al 2013 vol 251) This occupational history is in large
part due to the prime agricultural land located within the valley Several
tombs are also present dating from the pre-Bronze Age and Roman periods
within the Karkotis Valley at Laonarka and Pano Limna respectively
Occupation within the Troodos Mountains ecological zone is decidedly
narrower reaching only from the Late Roman period to the Byzantine-
Modern (Given et al 2013 vol 2205) The nature of Roman activity remains
unclear however it is clear that it differs from the farm steading occurring in
the plains ecological zone (Given et al 2013 vol 2211) An extensive
Byzantine-Modern component can be found in the Troodos The Asinou
church and monastery are exquisitely preserved examples of late 11th century
religious architecture that speak to this component (Given et al 2013 vol
2214)
The Lagoudhera Valley was an area of copper mining and extraction
within the survey universe and although smaller than Skouriotissa it
comprises a representative manifestation of the TAESP teamrsquos methodology
and interpretation practices Many of the conclusions drawn from the
Lagoudhera Valley are a product of the authorsrsquo contextualizationmdashie focus
on the off-site rather than the ldquositerdquomdashof the landscape POSIs created
through the ldquoflattening of the hierarchyrdquomdashsuch as the hills noted by survey
teamsmdashas well as artifact presence are used to trace the motion of people
across the landscape (commotion) The authors use these data to give an
interpretive view of the human activity and the social setting surrounding the
extraction of copper and its subsequent impact on the landscape (Given et al
2013 vol 2202) In sum whereas volume 1 details the material culture of the
TAESP survey universe and attempts to address the teamrsquos primary research
goals (eg humanndashlandscape interaction) volume 2 synthesizes the results of
the TAESP survey on an area-by-area basis that address explicit research
questions (eg copper production in the Upper Lagoudhera Valley) while
incorporating the work of interdisciplinary team members
Overall the work produced by Given et al in Landscape and
Interaction contains a wealth of data beneficial to its intended audience of
European and North American archaeologists interested in advancing
archaeology in the eastern Mediterranean basin as well as archaeologists
interested in landscape theory This is greatly enhanced by the publishing of
the TAESP as well as the SCSP data onlinei However the choice of the
Mann 95
TAESP team not to delimit and detail POSIs beyond geographical setting is
problematic ldquoVerbingrdquo humanndashenvironmental interactionmdashie describing
human actions through survey data rather than imposed rigid categories
(Given et al 2013 vol 1344)mdashsolely through artifact presenceabsence
across the landscape seems incomplete without including the context and
nature of ldquositesrdquo or POSIs in greater detail For example the TAESP teamrsquos
decision not to bound or GPS significant features within POSIs does not
allow for comparison study between the POSIs If significant features
differentiate POSIs from other areas of the transect it seems that defining
these spaces through a more traditional concept of ldquositerdquo would offer further
analytical potential Rather than undermining the siteless methodology
detailing the specifics that form within POSIs would provide more avenues
for archaeologists to analyze the data collected While conducting a siteless
survey has its benefits especially in a culturally diffuse landscape the
TAESP authors could strengthen their interpretations through the inclusion of
more POSI detail to allow for greater analysis of variation amongst the
ldquoknotsrdquo that form through commotion
Furthermore regarding the teamrsquos attempt to ldquoflatten the hierarchyrdquo
their employed methods lay the groundwork for further experimentation with
this concept Perhaps something akin to American cultural resource
managementrsquos use of tribal cultural surveys could benefit future research
wherein the goal of the transect is solely to understand sacred landscapes
through an emic perspective This emic approach could have been applied
through greater local participation on the survey itself especially in the case
of the Ottoman-Modern landscape due to its historical continuity with the
current population
Nevertheless the value of Landscape and Interaction is
unmistakable Its data collection strategies are innovative and the breadth of
data collected and published is enormous Regardless of theoretical
orientation the data offer a wealth of information relevant to a wide variety of
research questions ranging from settlement patterns to social archaeology
Attempting to unite processual methods with post-processual interpretation is
a noble cause that deserves further refinement (Bintliff 1996) This is
especially the case with the ideas of commotion collaboration and
conviviality which provide an interesting tool for understanding the enormity
of data collected from the study of humanndashlandscape interaction
Theoretically driven survey seeks to answer broader anthropological
questions and the TAESP survey has made strides in furthering this aim
Overall the volumes are a model of large-scale siteless survey field
methodology within a multi-component landscape and are of use to both
students learning about and archaeologists conducting regional survey
96 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction
Notes
i httpintarchacukjournalissue204pottfindcfm
References
Bintliff John
1996 Interactions of Theory Methodology and Practice Archaeological
Dialogues 3(2)246ndash255
Caraher William
2006 Siteless Survey and Intensive Data Collection in an Artifact-Rich
Environment Case Studies from the Eastern Corinthia Greece
Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 3(2)246ndash255
Fleming Andrew
2006 Post-Processual Landscape Archaeology A Critique Cambridge
Archaeological Journal 16(3)267ndash280
Given Michael
2013 Commotion Collaboration Conviviality Mediterranean Survey and
the Interpretation of Landscape Journal of Mediterranean
Archaeology 26(1)3ndash26
Given Michael and Arthur Bernard Knapp
2003 The Sydney Cyprus Survey Project Social Approaches to Regional
Archaeological Survey Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of
Archaeology
Hodder Ian
1999 The Archaeological Process An Introduction Oxford Blackwell
2000 Developing a Reflexive Method in Archaeology In Towards
Reflexive Method in Archaeology The Example at Ccedilatalhoumlyuumlk Ian
Hodder ed Pp 3ndash14 Cambridge McDonald Institute
Johnson Matthew
1999 Archaeological Theory An Introduction Oxford Blackwell
Tartaron Thomas F
2006 The Eastern Korinthia Archaeological Survey Integrated Methods
for a Dynamic Landscape Hisperia 75(1)435ndash505
Watrous LV Desponia Hadzi-Vallianou and Harriet Blitzer
2004 The Plains of Phaistos Cycles of Social Complexity in the Mesara
Region of Crete Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of Archaeology
- FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-Frontmatter
- FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-BookReviews
- Mann-FN-Vol7(1)-2015-REVIEWS-LandscapeAndInteractionTheTroodosArchaeologicalAndEnvironmentalSurveyProjectCyprusVols1amp2
-
Mann 95
TAESP team not to delimit and detail POSIs beyond geographical setting is
problematic ldquoVerbingrdquo humanndashenvironmental interactionmdashie describing
human actions through survey data rather than imposed rigid categories
(Given et al 2013 vol 1344)mdashsolely through artifact presenceabsence
across the landscape seems incomplete without including the context and
nature of ldquositesrdquo or POSIs in greater detail For example the TAESP teamrsquos
decision not to bound or GPS significant features within POSIs does not
allow for comparison study between the POSIs If significant features
differentiate POSIs from other areas of the transect it seems that defining
these spaces through a more traditional concept of ldquositerdquo would offer further
analytical potential Rather than undermining the siteless methodology
detailing the specifics that form within POSIs would provide more avenues
for archaeologists to analyze the data collected While conducting a siteless
survey has its benefits especially in a culturally diffuse landscape the
TAESP authors could strengthen their interpretations through the inclusion of
more POSI detail to allow for greater analysis of variation amongst the
ldquoknotsrdquo that form through commotion
Furthermore regarding the teamrsquos attempt to ldquoflatten the hierarchyrdquo
their employed methods lay the groundwork for further experimentation with
this concept Perhaps something akin to American cultural resource
managementrsquos use of tribal cultural surveys could benefit future research
wherein the goal of the transect is solely to understand sacred landscapes
through an emic perspective This emic approach could have been applied
through greater local participation on the survey itself especially in the case
of the Ottoman-Modern landscape due to its historical continuity with the
current population
Nevertheless the value of Landscape and Interaction is
unmistakable Its data collection strategies are innovative and the breadth of
data collected and published is enormous Regardless of theoretical
orientation the data offer a wealth of information relevant to a wide variety of
research questions ranging from settlement patterns to social archaeology
Attempting to unite processual methods with post-processual interpretation is
a noble cause that deserves further refinement (Bintliff 1996) This is
especially the case with the ideas of commotion collaboration and
conviviality which provide an interesting tool for understanding the enormity
of data collected from the study of humanndashlandscape interaction
Theoretically driven survey seeks to answer broader anthropological
questions and the TAESP survey has made strides in furthering this aim
Overall the volumes are a model of large-scale siteless survey field
methodology within a multi-component landscape and are of use to both
students learning about and archaeologists conducting regional survey
96 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction
Notes
i httpintarchacukjournalissue204pottfindcfm
References
Bintliff John
1996 Interactions of Theory Methodology and Practice Archaeological
Dialogues 3(2)246ndash255
Caraher William
2006 Siteless Survey and Intensive Data Collection in an Artifact-Rich
Environment Case Studies from the Eastern Corinthia Greece
Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 3(2)246ndash255
Fleming Andrew
2006 Post-Processual Landscape Archaeology A Critique Cambridge
Archaeological Journal 16(3)267ndash280
Given Michael
2013 Commotion Collaboration Conviviality Mediterranean Survey and
the Interpretation of Landscape Journal of Mediterranean
Archaeology 26(1)3ndash26
Given Michael and Arthur Bernard Knapp
2003 The Sydney Cyprus Survey Project Social Approaches to Regional
Archaeological Survey Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of
Archaeology
Hodder Ian
1999 The Archaeological Process An Introduction Oxford Blackwell
2000 Developing a Reflexive Method in Archaeology In Towards
Reflexive Method in Archaeology The Example at Ccedilatalhoumlyuumlk Ian
Hodder ed Pp 3ndash14 Cambridge McDonald Institute
Johnson Matthew
1999 Archaeological Theory An Introduction Oxford Blackwell
Tartaron Thomas F
2006 The Eastern Korinthia Archaeological Survey Integrated Methods
for a Dynamic Landscape Hisperia 75(1)435ndash505
Watrous LV Desponia Hadzi-Vallianou and Harriet Blitzer
2004 The Plains of Phaistos Cycles of Social Complexity in the Mesara
Region of Crete Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of Archaeology
- FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-Frontmatter
- FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-BookReviews
- Mann-FN-Vol7(1)-2015-REVIEWS-LandscapeAndInteractionTheTroodosArchaeologicalAndEnvironmentalSurveyProjectCyprusVols1amp2
-
96 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction
Notes
i httpintarchacukjournalissue204pottfindcfm
References
Bintliff John
1996 Interactions of Theory Methodology and Practice Archaeological
Dialogues 3(2)246ndash255
Caraher William
2006 Siteless Survey and Intensive Data Collection in an Artifact-Rich
Environment Case Studies from the Eastern Corinthia Greece
Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 3(2)246ndash255
Fleming Andrew
2006 Post-Processual Landscape Archaeology A Critique Cambridge
Archaeological Journal 16(3)267ndash280
Given Michael
2013 Commotion Collaboration Conviviality Mediterranean Survey and
the Interpretation of Landscape Journal of Mediterranean
Archaeology 26(1)3ndash26
Given Michael and Arthur Bernard Knapp
2003 The Sydney Cyprus Survey Project Social Approaches to Regional
Archaeological Survey Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of
Archaeology
Hodder Ian
1999 The Archaeological Process An Introduction Oxford Blackwell
2000 Developing a Reflexive Method in Archaeology In Towards
Reflexive Method in Archaeology The Example at Ccedilatalhoumlyuumlk Ian
Hodder ed Pp 3ndash14 Cambridge McDonald Institute
Johnson Matthew
1999 Archaeological Theory An Introduction Oxford Blackwell
Tartaron Thomas F
2006 The Eastern Korinthia Archaeological Survey Integrated Methods
for a Dynamic Landscape Hisperia 75(1)435ndash505
Watrous LV Desponia Hadzi-Vallianou and Harriet Blitzer
2004 The Plains of Phaistos Cycles of Social Complexity in the Mesara
Region of Crete Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of Archaeology
- FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-Frontmatter
- FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-BookReviews
- Mann-FN-Vol7(1)-2015-REVIEWS-LandscapeAndInteractionTheTroodosArchaeologicalAndEnvironmentalSurveyProjectCyprusVols1amp2
-