Mann 2015 - Review of - Landscape and Interaction: The Troodos Archaeological and Environmental...

14
Field Notes: A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology Volume 7

Transcript of Mann 2015 - Review of - Landscape and Interaction: The Troodos Archaeological and Environmental...

Field Notes

A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology

Volume 7

Field Notes

A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology

Volume 7 Number 1 June 2015

Published by the Anthropology Student Union (ASU)

at the University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee

Editors-in-Chief

Lara Ghisleni

Lindsey Jo Helms Thorson

Jessica Skinner

Editorial Board

William Balco Matt Dalstrom

Benjamin Campbell Jen-Li Ko

Amy Samuelson

Editorial Committee

Faculty Advisor

Kalman Applbaum

Cover Design

Jessica Skinner

Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology

University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee

Department of Anthropology

3413 N Downer Ave

390 Sabin Hall

Milwaukee WI 53211

4142294175

fldnotesuwmedu

httpwww4uwmeduStudentOrgasuField_Noteshtm

Lindsay Barone

Sarah Boncal

Maisie Buntin

Audree Espada

Abby Forster

Shannon Freire

Adrienne Frie

Kevin Garstki

Susan Hill

Katinka Hooyer

Anika Jones

Alexis Jordan

Hannah King

Krista-Lee Malone

Barbara McClendon

Aurora Prehn

Cheri Price

Helen Werner

Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology

June 2015 Volume 7(1)

Table of Contents

About the Contributors 5

Articles

Vulture Scavenging of Pig Remains at Varying Grave Depths 8

Aryn A Klein Texas State UniversityndashSan Marcos

History Violence and Legitimacy in Uganda An Anthropological 20

Analysis of Post-Colonial Politics and ICC Intervention

Todd Jonathan Ebling University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee

The Boundaries of Watchdog Journalism at the Milwaukee 36

Journal Sentinel

Aras Coskuntuncel American University

Current Debates

Neanderthal Behavioral Modernity and Symbolic Capabilities 60

Liam McGill Harvard University Harvard College

Book Reviews

Eugene Raikhel and William Garriott (eds) ndash Addiction 76

Trajectories 2013

Tara Gallagher University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee

Marilyn Johnson ndash Lives in Ruins Archaeologists and 82

the Seductive Lure of Human Rubble 2014

A Espada University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee

Haidy Geismar ndash Treasured Possessions Indigenous 86

Interventions into Cultural and Intellectual Property Law 2013

Liam Murphy University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee

Michael Given Arthur Bernard Knapp Jay S Noller 90

Luke Sollars and Vasiliki Kassianidou ndash Landscape and Interaction

The Troodos Archaeological and Environmental Survey Project

Cyprus vols 1 amp 2 2013

Justin Mann East Carolina University

Contributors 5

Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology

June 2015 Volume 7(1)

About the Contributors

Aras Coskuntuncel is a graduate student at American University working

toward his PhD in communication His focus is on the commodification of

information surveillance and the struggle over control of the flow of

information in the digital era and how these processes are playing out in

Turkey He graduated with his Masterrsquos degree from the University of

WisconsinndashMilwaukeersquos media studies program In his Masterrsquos thesis he

conducted an ethnographic study of the Milwaukee Journal Sentinelrsquos unique

transition from a general-purpose newspaper to a watchdog-centric journal

Before coming to the United States he was the diplomacy and foreign news

editor at the Hurriyet Daily News an English-language newspaper in Istanbul

Turkey

Todd Jonathan Ebling is a second year PhD student in cultural anthropology at

the University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee He received his Master of Arts

degree in International Economic Development and worked for a malaria

control program in Uganda in 2011 While in the anthropology graduate

program at UWndashMilwaukee his geographic focus has shifted from Sub-

Saharan Africa to South Asia He is currently studying non-profit organizations

and issues of social justice and community development in northern India

A Espada is a Masterrsquos student at the University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee

Her research interests include personal ornament in prehistory archaeology

and politics museum studies and cultural resource management She has

worked on numerous archaeological research projects in California Nevada

England and Spain

Tara Gallagher is a biological anthropology MS student at the University of

WisconsinndashMilwaukee studying neuroanthroplogy She previously earned her

Bachelors degree in anthropology theatre amp film and molecular biosciences

from the University of Kansas Her interests are with the intersection between

mental health and socio-cultural issues Taras primary research includes the

neuroscience of addiction emotional embodiment and brain development

6 Contributors

Aryn A Klein received her Masterrsquos degree from Texas State UniversityndashSan

Marcos Her areas of interest include forensic anthropology skeletal biology

and skeletal trauma Her current research concerns fracture patterning within

subadult populations

Justin Mann is a second year Masterrsquos student at East Carolina University He

received his BS in anthropology and history from the University of Wisconsinndash

Oshkosh His thesis research focuses on the medieval-Ottoman landscapes of

Cyprus and diachronic ceramic distributions among different villages located

in the Troodos region Additionally Justin maintains interests in Byzantine

archaeology ethnicity in the archaeological record and survey methodology

Liam McGill is an AB candidate at Harvard College who intends to study

anthropology He is currently interested in exploring the intersection of social

and biological anthropology

Liam Murphy is a graduate student at the University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee

He is pursuing a Masterrsquos degree in anthropology alongside a professional

certificate in museum studies Liam is particularly interested in museum

archaeology material culture studies and the history of archaeology His

thesis is investigating 19th century Smithsonian curator Carl Raursquos

contributions to the Smithsonian Institutionrsquos European archaeology

collection

Book Reviews

Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology 7(1)90ndash96 (June 2015) Copyright copy 2015 by Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology

Landscape and Interaction The Troodos

Archaeological and Environmental Survey Project

Cyprus vols 1 amp 2

Michael Given Arthur Bernard Knapp Jay S Noller Luke

Sollars and Vasiliki Kassianidou Oxford The Council for

British Research in the Levant and Oxbow Books 2013 696 pp

ISBN 9781782971870 (vol 1) $9000pound4800 9781782971887 (vol 2) $7600pound3800 Justin Mann East Carolina University

Landscape and Interaction is the culmination of a five-year study in

Cyprus conducted by Michael Given et al that endeavors to combine

regional survey methodology with ideas of landscape theory At the core of

the methodology employed is the framework of commotion collaboration

and conviviality concepts laid out by Given in a concurrently published paper

(Given 20133) In essence these terms refer to the constant movement of

human and natural agents (commotion) how they combine to change the

landscape (collaboration) and how connections between agents on the

landscape are formed (conviviality) Given and associates synthesize these

data from the Troodos Archaeological Environmental Survey Project

(TAESP) into a two-volume set Volume 1 Methodology Analysis amp

Interaction provides the methodological theoretical and raw data framework

for the TAESP survey Volume 2 The TAESP Landscape applies these

methods and data to the survey area while also incorporating historical

records and ethnographic evidence In short volume 1 functions as an

extended introduction to the methods and survey area while volume 2

presents conclusions drawn from the survey data in a geographical manner

The TAESP project is partly an extension of a previous survey the

Sydney Cyprus Survey Project (SCSP) conducted by the authors from 1992ndash

1997 in an adjacent region of northwestern Cyprus (Given and Knapp 2003)

Given et al apply much of the same methodology in both the SCSP survey

and the TAESP survey Rather than searching for sites or focusing on a

particular chronological period the authors use a regional perspective to

understand the interaction between people and the landscape This regional

focus is part of a ldquosecond waverdquo (Given 20135) of theoretically minded large

-scale survey projects throughout the Mediterranean world (Given and Knapp

2003 Tartaron et al 2006 cf Watrous et al 2004)

Mann 91

Volume 1 is divided into six chapters and begins with an informative

introduction providing the historical and archaeological contexts of the survey

area as well as the grouprsquos research aims The reader is introduced to the long

history of Cyprus ranging from the islandrsquos first inhabitants in the

Epipaleolithic to modern-day Cypriot communities In addition the authors

provide the theoretical underpinnings for TAESP in the first chapter

The theoretical framework of the TAESP survey is largely

constructed upon Ian Hodderrsquos (1999 2000) concept of ldquothe siterdquo wherein a

site is a collection of meanings or associations to a past or present group

(Given et al 2013 vol 110) In this mode of thinking the site is moved

beyond a geographically bounded collection of material culture (artifacts) to

an area of human interaction with shifting contexts which the archaeologist

must interpret This interpretation of ldquothe siterdquo goes hand in hand with

Givenrsquos commotion collaboration and conviviality in that data (eg sites

artifacts) are not objective remains that reflect a particular behavior but are

the byproduct of human motion across and interaction with the landscape

This theory drives the way the TAESP team collected data (siteless) and how

they interpreted the data (deciphering human-landscape interaction) As

Johnson states ldquowe [archaeologists] can never confront theory and data in-

stead we see data through a cloud of theoryrdquo (1999102) Commotion collab-

oration and conviviality make up the cloud through which the TAESP team

saw the data

The idea of the siteless survey is not new to Mediterranean survey

as Caraher (2006) has pointed out and this method has been utilized in past

surveys Proponents of this artifact-level data dense style of survey argue that

it more accurately reflects the material landscape of the survey universe The

adherence to a siteless survey methodology is manifested in the TAESP

survey through its hyper-intensive data collection strategies in addition to the

absence of ldquositesrdquo in the more traditional sensemdashie geographically bounded

feature or artifact rich units with excavation potential (eg a tomb) The

TAESP directors reconcile this lack of sites by instead choosing to focus the

survey on the artifact-level as opposed to site-level In doing so extreme

amounts of data were collected to form interpretive conclusions from the

resulting artifact carpets (artifact densities mapped onto the survey universe)

in an attempt to contextualize the landscape

The TAESP team presents the methodology for achieving this

siteless aim in ch 2 Their goal was to produce interdisciplinary and

regionally orientated data sets that project a more accurate representation of

the survey universe Field crews covered an area of 164 km2 performing

pedestrian transects in areas of high archaeological potential using a stratified

sampling method that divided the survey universe into Intensive Survey

92 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction

Zones (ISZs) and extensive zones The ISZs comprising areas of higher

archaeological potential were more frequently transected than the extensive

zones The authors then plot ldquovariation in artifact density function and date

across the entire landscape rather than centering analysis around specific

lsquositesrsquo or lsquodots on the maprsquordquo again rejecting the essentialism of the site

(Given et al 2013 vol 120) Instead Given and associates use the term

Places of Special Interest (POSIs) A POSI which in many ways is what

would normally constitute an archaeological ldquositerdquo is ldquoany location where

there was good reason whether cultural or natural for carrying out more

detailed recordingrdquo (Given et al 2013 vol 126) Architectural remains

including farmsteads mills churches mosques and villages are generally

listed as Places of Special Interest (POSIs) or Building Units (BUs) (Given et

al 2013 vol 1261ndash277) An admirable 30721 ceramic sherds were collected

and analyzed during the course of the survey (Given et al 2013 vol 125)

Specialists also directed crews to collect data on geomorphology

archaeometallurgy and geobotany As a measure of methodological integrity

the TAESP directors initiated a seeding experiment (Given et al 2013 vol

135) to ensure consistency in artifact collection by field crews This addition

of a quality control test aids in establishing the overall effectiveness of

TAESPrsquos field collection methods Overall the tried-and-true transect method

is appropriate and the inclusion of specialty fields (eg paleogeology

paleobotany) help to further the comprehensiveness of the survey

In addition to their siteless methodology Given et al undertake the

task of ldquoflattening the hierarchyrdquo of terrestrial survey (Given et al 2013 vol

111) This ldquoflatteningrdquo seeks to place the job of interpretation into the hands

of all who are walking the landscape The benefit to choosing this method is

imprecise as the opinions of those ldquoencounteringrdquo the landscape in the 21st

century no doubt bear little resemblance to the mindset of those in the 1st

century Landscape and Interaction cites the example of how a field crew

designated two hills as POSIs in spite of the absence of material remains

because of their integral nature to the landscape (Given et al 2013 vol 112)

It is implied that from fieldwalker to director integration was practiced in

interpreting the landscape It is unclear however how impactful this decision

was as analysis was carried out by those in directorate positions This hyper-

interpretative approach as classified by Fleming (2006) seeks to incorporate

an experiential element to the field survey This is much in line with the

surveyrsquos phenomenological approach to landscape analysis

The four main chronological sequences identified on the TAESP

landscape are presented chronologically in ch 3 Prehistoric Iron Age

Hellenistic-Roman and Medieval-Modern For ceramics a distinction is made

between fine-wares and utility wares and their geographical origin is noted

Mann 93

when possible Detailed ceramic lithic and special finds catalogues are

included in this chapter (Given et al 2013 vol 180ndash227) Defining village

or POSI boundaries was not a concern once again in keeping with the

theoretical framework of the survey This method of collection affects

potential analyses for instance conducting a comparative analysis between

features within specific POSIs is difficult due to the lack of detail provided

(outside of artifact assemblages found on transects)

The landscapendashhuman interaction and its influence on the material

culture found within the TAESP survey region is synthesized within chs 5ndash

6 The authors present in chronological order the settlement patterns

communication networks and subsistence strategies of the inhabitants of the

TAESP landscape viewed through the ideas presented in ch 1 (Given et al

2013 vol 1321) This chronology begins with the Epipaleolithic and ends

with the British colonial period Working with a landscape contextualized

through the siteless field methodology the authors focus here on reconciling

processualist-rooted data collection (field and collection methods) with post-

processual interpretation (commotion collaboration and conviviality) The

conclusions drawn are therefore interpreted from the data to understand the

diachronically changing dynamic of humanndashenvironment interaction These

chapters (5ndash6) are the most representative of the TAESP teamrsquos theoretical

framework Inferences are made as to human experience on and interaction

with the landscape This is opposed to the other chapters in volumes 1 and 2

which largely serve to establish methodology and organize data (often

geographically) with arguably less interpretative influence

The authors end volume 1 by offering an array of sites (defined in

the more traditional sense) for further investigation displaying a hope for

work to continue in the region This recommendation as well as the

subsequent declaration that to find sites was not TAESPrsquos intent are passive

concessions for the volumersquos lack of focus on traditional archaeological sites

and appear aimed at the archaeologist who is searching for TAESPrsquos

contribution to understanding the Cypriot landscape through the discovery

and analysis of traditional ldquositesrdquo

The authors organize volume 2 into four geographic sections the

plains the Karkotis Valley the Lagoudhera Valley and the mountains They

use this geographic layout to present the ldquorelationship between people and

their landscaperdquo (Given et al 2013 vol 22) Volume 2 primarily functions as

the results and discussion section for Landscape and Interaction as the

authors organize the various types of data (ie survey archaeometallurgical

botanical) to form diachronic conclusions of the TAESP landscape

The plains which encompass the Atsas Mandres and Koutraphas

geographic zones compose the first locale discussed in volume 2 (Given et al

94 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction

2013 vol 26ndash48) This ecological zone contains occupations dating from the

Epipaleolithic to the British colonial period (Given et al 2013 vol 27) Of

note is the Roman farmstead at Vrysi tou Haji Christophi and the Medieval-

Modern villages scattered throughout The Karkotis Valley the second

geographical zone presented exhibits continual occupation for over six

millennia (Given et al 2013 vol 251) This occupational history is in large

part due to the prime agricultural land located within the valley Several

tombs are also present dating from the pre-Bronze Age and Roman periods

within the Karkotis Valley at Laonarka and Pano Limna respectively

Occupation within the Troodos Mountains ecological zone is decidedly

narrower reaching only from the Late Roman period to the Byzantine-

Modern (Given et al 2013 vol 2205) The nature of Roman activity remains

unclear however it is clear that it differs from the farm steading occurring in

the plains ecological zone (Given et al 2013 vol 2211) An extensive

Byzantine-Modern component can be found in the Troodos The Asinou

church and monastery are exquisitely preserved examples of late 11th century

religious architecture that speak to this component (Given et al 2013 vol

2214)

The Lagoudhera Valley was an area of copper mining and extraction

within the survey universe and although smaller than Skouriotissa it

comprises a representative manifestation of the TAESP teamrsquos methodology

and interpretation practices Many of the conclusions drawn from the

Lagoudhera Valley are a product of the authorsrsquo contextualizationmdashie focus

on the off-site rather than the ldquositerdquomdashof the landscape POSIs created

through the ldquoflattening of the hierarchyrdquomdashsuch as the hills noted by survey

teamsmdashas well as artifact presence are used to trace the motion of people

across the landscape (commotion) The authors use these data to give an

interpretive view of the human activity and the social setting surrounding the

extraction of copper and its subsequent impact on the landscape (Given et al

2013 vol 2202) In sum whereas volume 1 details the material culture of the

TAESP survey universe and attempts to address the teamrsquos primary research

goals (eg humanndashlandscape interaction) volume 2 synthesizes the results of

the TAESP survey on an area-by-area basis that address explicit research

questions (eg copper production in the Upper Lagoudhera Valley) while

incorporating the work of interdisciplinary team members

Overall the work produced by Given et al in Landscape and

Interaction contains a wealth of data beneficial to its intended audience of

European and North American archaeologists interested in advancing

archaeology in the eastern Mediterranean basin as well as archaeologists

interested in landscape theory This is greatly enhanced by the publishing of

the TAESP as well as the SCSP data onlinei However the choice of the

Mann 95

TAESP team not to delimit and detail POSIs beyond geographical setting is

problematic ldquoVerbingrdquo humanndashenvironmental interactionmdashie describing

human actions through survey data rather than imposed rigid categories

(Given et al 2013 vol 1344)mdashsolely through artifact presenceabsence

across the landscape seems incomplete without including the context and

nature of ldquositesrdquo or POSIs in greater detail For example the TAESP teamrsquos

decision not to bound or GPS significant features within POSIs does not

allow for comparison study between the POSIs If significant features

differentiate POSIs from other areas of the transect it seems that defining

these spaces through a more traditional concept of ldquositerdquo would offer further

analytical potential Rather than undermining the siteless methodology

detailing the specifics that form within POSIs would provide more avenues

for archaeologists to analyze the data collected While conducting a siteless

survey has its benefits especially in a culturally diffuse landscape the

TAESP authors could strengthen their interpretations through the inclusion of

more POSI detail to allow for greater analysis of variation amongst the

ldquoknotsrdquo that form through commotion

Furthermore regarding the teamrsquos attempt to ldquoflatten the hierarchyrdquo

their employed methods lay the groundwork for further experimentation with

this concept Perhaps something akin to American cultural resource

managementrsquos use of tribal cultural surveys could benefit future research

wherein the goal of the transect is solely to understand sacred landscapes

through an emic perspective This emic approach could have been applied

through greater local participation on the survey itself especially in the case

of the Ottoman-Modern landscape due to its historical continuity with the

current population

Nevertheless the value of Landscape and Interaction is

unmistakable Its data collection strategies are innovative and the breadth of

data collected and published is enormous Regardless of theoretical

orientation the data offer a wealth of information relevant to a wide variety of

research questions ranging from settlement patterns to social archaeology

Attempting to unite processual methods with post-processual interpretation is

a noble cause that deserves further refinement (Bintliff 1996) This is

especially the case with the ideas of commotion collaboration and

conviviality which provide an interesting tool for understanding the enormity

of data collected from the study of humanndashlandscape interaction

Theoretically driven survey seeks to answer broader anthropological

questions and the TAESP survey has made strides in furthering this aim

Overall the volumes are a model of large-scale siteless survey field

methodology within a multi-component landscape and are of use to both

students learning about and archaeologists conducting regional survey

96 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction

Notes

i httpintarchacukjournalissue204pottfindcfm

References

Bintliff John

1996 Interactions of Theory Methodology and Practice Archaeological

Dialogues 3(2)246ndash255

Caraher William

2006 Siteless Survey and Intensive Data Collection in an Artifact-Rich

Environment Case Studies from the Eastern Corinthia Greece

Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 3(2)246ndash255

Fleming Andrew

2006 Post-Processual Landscape Archaeology A Critique Cambridge

Archaeological Journal 16(3)267ndash280

Given Michael

2013 Commotion Collaboration Conviviality Mediterranean Survey and

the Interpretation of Landscape Journal of Mediterranean

Archaeology 26(1)3ndash26

Given Michael and Arthur Bernard Knapp

2003 The Sydney Cyprus Survey Project Social Approaches to Regional

Archaeological Survey Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of

Archaeology

Hodder Ian

1999 The Archaeological Process An Introduction Oxford Blackwell

2000 Developing a Reflexive Method in Archaeology In Towards

Reflexive Method in Archaeology The Example at Ccedilatalhoumlyuumlk Ian

Hodder ed Pp 3ndash14 Cambridge McDonald Institute

Johnson Matthew

1999 Archaeological Theory An Introduction Oxford Blackwell

Tartaron Thomas F

2006 The Eastern Korinthia Archaeological Survey Integrated Methods

for a Dynamic Landscape Hisperia 75(1)435ndash505

Watrous LV Desponia Hadzi-Vallianou and Harriet Blitzer

2004 The Plains of Phaistos Cycles of Social Complexity in the Mesara

Region of Crete Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of Archaeology

  • FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-Frontmatter
  • FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-BookReviews
  • Mann-FN-Vol7(1)-2015-REVIEWS-LandscapeAndInteractionTheTroodosArchaeologicalAndEnvironmentalSurveyProjectCyprusVols1amp2

Field Notes

A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology

Volume 7 Number 1 June 2015

Published by the Anthropology Student Union (ASU)

at the University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee

Editors-in-Chief

Lara Ghisleni

Lindsey Jo Helms Thorson

Jessica Skinner

Editorial Board

William Balco Matt Dalstrom

Benjamin Campbell Jen-Li Ko

Amy Samuelson

Editorial Committee

Faculty Advisor

Kalman Applbaum

Cover Design

Jessica Skinner

Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology

University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee

Department of Anthropology

3413 N Downer Ave

390 Sabin Hall

Milwaukee WI 53211

4142294175

fldnotesuwmedu

httpwww4uwmeduStudentOrgasuField_Noteshtm

Lindsay Barone

Sarah Boncal

Maisie Buntin

Audree Espada

Abby Forster

Shannon Freire

Adrienne Frie

Kevin Garstki

Susan Hill

Katinka Hooyer

Anika Jones

Alexis Jordan

Hannah King

Krista-Lee Malone

Barbara McClendon

Aurora Prehn

Cheri Price

Helen Werner

Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology

June 2015 Volume 7(1)

Table of Contents

About the Contributors 5

Articles

Vulture Scavenging of Pig Remains at Varying Grave Depths 8

Aryn A Klein Texas State UniversityndashSan Marcos

History Violence and Legitimacy in Uganda An Anthropological 20

Analysis of Post-Colonial Politics and ICC Intervention

Todd Jonathan Ebling University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee

The Boundaries of Watchdog Journalism at the Milwaukee 36

Journal Sentinel

Aras Coskuntuncel American University

Current Debates

Neanderthal Behavioral Modernity and Symbolic Capabilities 60

Liam McGill Harvard University Harvard College

Book Reviews

Eugene Raikhel and William Garriott (eds) ndash Addiction 76

Trajectories 2013

Tara Gallagher University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee

Marilyn Johnson ndash Lives in Ruins Archaeologists and 82

the Seductive Lure of Human Rubble 2014

A Espada University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee

Haidy Geismar ndash Treasured Possessions Indigenous 86

Interventions into Cultural and Intellectual Property Law 2013

Liam Murphy University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee

Michael Given Arthur Bernard Knapp Jay S Noller 90

Luke Sollars and Vasiliki Kassianidou ndash Landscape and Interaction

The Troodos Archaeological and Environmental Survey Project

Cyprus vols 1 amp 2 2013

Justin Mann East Carolina University

Contributors 5

Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology

June 2015 Volume 7(1)

About the Contributors

Aras Coskuntuncel is a graduate student at American University working

toward his PhD in communication His focus is on the commodification of

information surveillance and the struggle over control of the flow of

information in the digital era and how these processes are playing out in

Turkey He graduated with his Masterrsquos degree from the University of

WisconsinndashMilwaukeersquos media studies program In his Masterrsquos thesis he

conducted an ethnographic study of the Milwaukee Journal Sentinelrsquos unique

transition from a general-purpose newspaper to a watchdog-centric journal

Before coming to the United States he was the diplomacy and foreign news

editor at the Hurriyet Daily News an English-language newspaper in Istanbul

Turkey

Todd Jonathan Ebling is a second year PhD student in cultural anthropology at

the University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee He received his Master of Arts

degree in International Economic Development and worked for a malaria

control program in Uganda in 2011 While in the anthropology graduate

program at UWndashMilwaukee his geographic focus has shifted from Sub-

Saharan Africa to South Asia He is currently studying non-profit organizations

and issues of social justice and community development in northern India

A Espada is a Masterrsquos student at the University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee

Her research interests include personal ornament in prehistory archaeology

and politics museum studies and cultural resource management She has

worked on numerous archaeological research projects in California Nevada

England and Spain

Tara Gallagher is a biological anthropology MS student at the University of

WisconsinndashMilwaukee studying neuroanthroplogy She previously earned her

Bachelors degree in anthropology theatre amp film and molecular biosciences

from the University of Kansas Her interests are with the intersection between

mental health and socio-cultural issues Taras primary research includes the

neuroscience of addiction emotional embodiment and brain development

6 Contributors

Aryn A Klein received her Masterrsquos degree from Texas State UniversityndashSan

Marcos Her areas of interest include forensic anthropology skeletal biology

and skeletal trauma Her current research concerns fracture patterning within

subadult populations

Justin Mann is a second year Masterrsquos student at East Carolina University He

received his BS in anthropology and history from the University of Wisconsinndash

Oshkosh His thesis research focuses on the medieval-Ottoman landscapes of

Cyprus and diachronic ceramic distributions among different villages located

in the Troodos region Additionally Justin maintains interests in Byzantine

archaeology ethnicity in the archaeological record and survey methodology

Liam McGill is an AB candidate at Harvard College who intends to study

anthropology He is currently interested in exploring the intersection of social

and biological anthropology

Liam Murphy is a graduate student at the University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee

He is pursuing a Masterrsquos degree in anthropology alongside a professional

certificate in museum studies Liam is particularly interested in museum

archaeology material culture studies and the history of archaeology His

thesis is investigating 19th century Smithsonian curator Carl Raursquos

contributions to the Smithsonian Institutionrsquos European archaeology

collection

Book Reviews

Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology 7(1)90ndash96 (June 2015) Copyright copy 2015 by Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology

Landscape and Interaction The Troodos

Archaeological and Environmental Survey Project

Cyprus vols 1 amp 2

Michael Given Arthur Bernard Knapp Jay S Noller Luke

Sollars and Vasiliki Kassianidou Oxford The Council for

British Research in the Levant and Oxbow Books 2013 696 pp

ISBN 9781782971870 (vol 1) $9000pound4800 9781782971887 (vol 2) $7600pound3800 Justin Mann East Carolina University

Landscape and Interaction is the culmination of a five-year study in

Cyprus conducted by Michael Given et al that endeavors to combine

regional survey methodology with ideas of landscape theory At the core of

the methodology employed is the framework of commotion collaboration

and conviviality concepts laid out by Given in a concurrently published paper

(Given 20133) In essence these terms refer to the constant movement of

human and natural agents (commotion) how they combine to change the

landscape (collaboration) and how connections between agents on the

landscape are formed (conviviality) Given and associates synthesize these

data from the Troodos Archaeological Environmental Survey Project

(TAESP) into a two-volume set Volume 1 Methodology Analysis amp

Interaction provides the methodological theoretical and raw data framework

for the TAESP survey Volume 2 The TAESP Landscape applies these

methods and data to the survey area while also incorporating historical

records and ethnographic evidence In short volume 1 functions as an

extended introduction to the methods and survey area while volume 2

presents conclusions drawn from the survey data in a geographical manner

The TAESP project is partly an extension of a previous survey the

Sydney Cyprus Survey Project (SCSP) conducted by the authors from 1992ndash

1997 in an adjacent region of northwestern Cyprus (Given and Knapp 2003)

Given et al apply much of the same methodology in both the SCSP survey

and the TAESP survey Rather than searching for sites or focusing on a

particular chronological period the authors use a regional perspective to

understand the interaction between people and the landscape This regional

focus is part of a ldquosecond waverdquo (Given 20135) of theoretically minded large

-scale survey projects throughout the Mediterranean world (Given and Knapp

2003 Tartaron et al 2006 cf Watrous et al 2004)

Mann 91

Volume 1 is divided into six chapters and begins with an informative

introduction providing the historical and archaeological contexts of the survey

area as well as the grouprsquos research aims The reader is introduced to the long

history of Cyprus ranging from the islandrsquos first inhabitants in the

Epipaleolithic to modern-day Cypriot communities In addition the authors

provide the theoretical underpinnings for TAESP in the first chapter

The theoretical framework of the TAESP survey is largely

constructed upon Ian Hodderrsquos (1999 2000) concept of ldquothe siterdquo wherein a

site is a collection of meanings or associations to a past or present group

(Given et al 2013 vol 110) In this mode of thinking the site is moved

beyond a geographically bounded collection of material culture (artifacts) to

an area of human interaction with shifting contexts which the archaeologist

must interpret This interpretation of ldquothe siterdquo goes hand in hand with

Givenrsquos commotion collaboration and conviviality in that data (eg sites

artifacts) are not objective remains that reflect a particular behavior but are

the byproduct of human motion across and interaction with the landscape

This theory drives the way the TAESP team collected data (siteless) and how

they interpreted the data (deciphering human-landscape interaction) As

Johnson states ldquowe [archaeologists] can never confront theory and data in-

stead we see data through a cloud of theoryrdquo (1999102) Commotion collab-

oration and conviviality make up the cloud through which the TAESP team

saw the data

The idea of the siteless survey is not new to Mediterranean survey

as Caraher (2006) has pointed out and this method has been utilized in past

surveys Proponents of this artifact-level data dense style of survey argue that

it more accurately reflects the material landscape of the survey universe The

adherence to a siteless survey methodology is manifested in the TAESP

survey through its hyper-intensive data collection strategies in addition to the

absence of ldquositesrdquo in the more traditional sensemdashie geographically bounded

feature or artifact rich units with excavation potential (eg a tomb) The

TAESP directors reconcile this lack of sites by instead choosing to focus the

survey on the artifact-level as opposed to site-level In doing so extreme

amounts of data were collected to form interpretive conclusions from the

resulting artifact carpets (artifact densities mapped onto the survey universe)

in an attempt to contextualize the landscape

The TAESP team presents the methodology for achieving this

siteless aim in ch 2 Their goal was to produce interdisciplinary and

regionally orientated data sets that project a more accurate representation of

the survey universe Field crews covered an area of 164 km2 performing

pedestrian transects in areas of high archaeological potential using a stratified

sampling method that divided the survey universe into Intensive Survey

92 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction

Zones (ISZs) and extensive zones The ISZs comprising areas of higher

archaeological potential were more frequently transected than the extensive

zones The authors then plot ldquovariation in artifact density function and date

across the entire landscape rather than centering analysis around specific

lsquositesrsquo or lsquodots on the maprsquordquo again rejecting the essentialism of the site

(Given et al 2013 vol 120) Instead Given and associates use the term

Places of Special Interest (POSIs) A POSI which in many ways is what

would normally constitute an archaeological ldquositerdquo is ldquoany location where

there was good reason whether cultural or natural for carrying out more

detailed recordingrdquo (Given et al 2013 vol 126) Architectural remains

including farmsteads mills churches mosques and villages are generally

listed as Places of Special Interest (POSIs) or Building Units (BUs) (Given et

al 2013 vol 1261ndash277) An admirable 30721 ceramic sherds were collected

and analyzed during the course of the survey (Given et al 2013 vol 125)

Specialists also directed crews to collect data on geomorphology

archaeometallurgy and geobotany As a measure of methodological integrity

the TAESP directors initiated a seeding experiment (Given et al 2013 vol

135) to ensure consistency in artifact collection by field crews This addition

of a quality control test aids in establishing the overall effectiveness of

TAESPrsquos field collection methods Overall the tried-and-true transect method

is appropriate and the inclusion of specialty fields (eg paleogeology

paleobotany) help to further the comprehensiveness of the survey

In addition to their siteless methodology Given et al undertake the

task of ldquoflattening the hierarchyrdquo of terrestrial survey (Given et al 2013 vol

111) This ldquoflatteningrdquo seeks to place the job of interpretation into the hands

of all who are walking the landscape The benefit to choosing this method is

imprecise as the opinions of those ldquoencounteringrdquo the landscape in the 21st

century no doubt bear little resemblance to the mindset of those in the 1st

century Landscape and Interaction cites the example of how a field crew

designated two hills as POSIs in spite of the absence of material remains

because of their integral nature to the landscape (Given et al 2013 vol 112)

It is implied that from fieldwalker to director integration was practiced in

interpreting the landscape It is unclear however how impactful this decision

was as analysis was carried out by those in directorate positions This hyper-

interpretative approach as classified by Fleming (2006) seeks to incorporate

an experiential element to the field survey This is much in line with the

surveyrsquos phenomenological approach to landscape analysis

The four main chronological sequences identified on the TAESP

landscape are presented chronologically in ch 3 Prehistoric Iron Age

Hellenistic-Roman and Medieval-Modern For ceramics a distinction is made

between fine-wares and utility wares and their geographical origin is noted

Mann 93

when possible Detailed ceramic lithic and special finds catalogues are

included in this chapter (Given et al 2013 vol 180ndash227) Defining village

or POSI boundaries was not a concern once again in keeping with the

theoretical framework of the survey This method of collection affects

potential analyses for instance conducting a comparative analysis between

features within specific POSIs is difficult due to the lack of detail provided

(outside of artifact assemblages found on transects)

The landscapendashhuman interaction and its influence on the material

culture found within the TAESP survey region is synthesized within chs 5ndash

6 The authors present in chronological order the settlement patterns

communication networks and subsistence strategies of the inhabitants of the

TAESP landscape viewed through the ideas presented in ch 1 (Given et al

2013 vol 1321) This chronology begins with the Epipaleolithic and ends

with the British colonial period Working with a landscape contextualized

through the siteless field methodology the authors focus here on reconciling

processualist-rooted data collection (field and collection methods) with post-

processual interpretation (commotion collaboration and conviviality) The

conclusions drawn are therefore interpreted from the data to understand the

diachronically changing dynamic of humanndashenvironment interaction These

chapters (5ndash6) are the most representative of the TAESP teamrsquos theoretical

framework Inferences are made as to human experience on and interaction

with the landscape This is opposed to the other chapters in volumes 1 and 2

which largely serve to establish methodology and organize data (often

geographically) with arguably less interpretative influence

The authors end volume 1 by offering an array of sites (defined in

the more traditional sense) for further investigation displaying a hope for

work to continue in the region This recommendation as well as the

subsequent declaration that to find sites was not TAESPrsquos intent are passive

concessions for the volumersquos lack of focus on traditional archaeological sites

and appear aimed at the archaeologist who is searching for TAESPrsquos

contribution to understanding the Cypriot landscape through the discovery

and analysis of traditional ldquositesrdquo

The authors organize volume 2 into four geographic sections the

plains the Karkotis Valley the Lagoudhera Valley and the mountains They

use this geographic layout to present the ldquorelationship between people and

their landscaperdquo (Given et al 2013 vol 22) Volume 2 primarily functions as

the results and discussion section for Landscape and Interaction as the

authors organize the various types of data (ie survey archaeometallurgical

botanical) to form diachronic conclusions of the TAESP landscape

The plains which encompass the Atsas Mandres and Koutraphas

geographic zones compose the first locale discussed in volume 2 (Given et al

94 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction

2013 vol 26ndash48) This ecological zone contains occupations dating from the

Epipaleolithic to the British colonial period (Given et al 2013 vol 27) Of

note is the Roman farmstead at Vrysi tou Haji Christophi and the Medieval-

Modern villages scattered throughout The Karkotis Valley the second

geographical zone presented exhibits continual occupation for over six

millennia (Given et al 2013 vol 251) This occupational history is in large

part due to the prime agricultural land located within the valley Several

tombs are also present dating from the pre-Bronze Age and Roman periods

within the Karkotis Valley at Laonarka and Pano Limna respectively

Occupation within the Troodos Mountains ecological zone is decidedly

narrower reaching only from the Late Roman period to the Byzantine-

Modern (Given et al 2013 vol 2205) The nature of Roman activity remains

unclear however it is clear that it differs from the farm steading occurring in

the plains ecological zone (Given et al 2013 vol 2211) An extensive

Byzantine-Modern component can be found in the Troodos The Asinou

church and monastery are exquisitely preserved examples of late 11th century

religious architecture that speak to this component (Given et al 2013 vol

2214)

The Lagoudhera Valley was an area of copper mining and extraction

within the survey universe and although smaller than Skouriotissa it

comprises a representative manifestation of the TAESP teamrsquos methodology

and interpretation practices Many of the conclusions drawn from the

Lagoudhera Valley are a product of the authorsrsquo contextualizationmdashie focus

on the off-site rather than the ldquositerdquomdashof the landscape POSIs created

through the ldquoflattening of the hierarchyrdquomdashsuch as the hills noted by survey

teamsmdashas well as artifact presence are used to trace the motion of people

across the landscape (commotion) The authors use these data to give an

interpretive view of the human activity and the social setting surrounding the

extraction of copper and its subsequent impact on the landscape (Given et al

2013 vol 2202) In sum whereas volume 1 details the material culture of the

TAESP survey universe and attempts to address the teamrsquos primary research

goals (eg humanndashlandscape interaction) volume 2 synthesizes the results of

the TAESP survey on an area-by-area basis that address explicit research

questions (eg copper production in the Upper Lagoudhera Valley) while

incorporating the work of interdisciplinary team members

Overall the work produced by Given et al in Landscape and

Interaction contains a wealth of data beneficial to its intended audience of

European and North American archaeologists interested in advancing

archaeology in the eastern Mediterranean basin as well as archaeologists

interested in landscape theory This is greatly enhanced by the publishing of

the TAESP as well as the SCSP data onlinei However the choice of the

Mann 95

TAESP team not to delimit and detail POSIs beyond geographical setting is

problematic ldquoVerbingrdquo humanndashenvironmental interactionmdashie describing

human actions through survey data rather than imposed rigid categories

(Given et al 2013 vol 1344)mdashsolely through artifact presenceabsence

across the landscape seems incomplete without including the context and

nature of ldquositesrdquo or POSIs in greater detail For example the TAESP teamrsquos

decision not to bound or GPS significant features within POSIs does not

allow for comparison study between the POSIs If significant features

differentiate POSIs from other areas of the transect it seems that defining

these spaces through a more traditional concept of ldquositerdquo would offer further

analytical potential Rather than undermining the siteless methodology

detailing the specifics that form within POSIs would provide more avenues

for archaeologists to analyze the data collected While conducting a siteless

survey has its benefits especially in a culturally diffuse landscape the

TAESP authors could strengthen their interpretations through the inclusion of

more POSI detail to allow for greater analysis of variation amongst the

ldquoknotsrdquo that form through commotion

Furthermore regarding the teamrsquos attempt to ldquoflatten the hierarchyrdquo

their employed methods lay the groundwork for further experimentation with

this concept Perhaps something akin to American cultural resource

managementrsquos use of tribal cultural surveys could benefit future research

wherein the goal of the transect is solely to understand sacred landscapes

through an emic perspective This emic approach could have been applied

through greater local participation on the survey itself especially in the case

of the Ottoman-Modern landscape due to its historical continuity with the

current population

Nevertheless the value of Landscape and Interaction is

unmistakable Its data collection strategies are innovative and the breadth of

data collected and published is enormous Regardless of theoretical

orientation the data offer a wealth of information relevant to a wide variety of

research questions ranging from settlement patterns to social archaeology

Attempting to unite processual methods with post-processual interpretation is

a noble cause that deserves further refinement (Bintliff 1996) This is

especially the case with the ideas of commotion collaboration and

conviviality which provide an interesting tool for understanding the enormity

of data collected from the study of humanndashlandscape interaction

Theoretically driven survey seeks to answer broader anthropological

questions and the TAESP survey has made strides in furthering this aim

Overall the volumes are a model of large-scale siteless survey field

methodology within a multi-component landscape and are of use to both

students learning about and archaeologists conducting regional survey

96 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction

Notes

i httpintarchacukjournalissue204pottfindcfm

References

Bintliff John

1996 Interactions of Theory Methodology and Practice Archaeological

Dialogues 3(2)246ndash255

Caraher William

2006 Siteless Survey and Intensive Data Collection in an Artifact-Rich

Environment Case Studies from the Eastern Corinthia Greece

Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 3(2)246ndash255

Fleming Andrew

2006 Post-Processual Landscape Archaeology A Critique Cambridge

Archaeological Journal 16(3)267ndash280

Given Michael

2013 Commotion Collaboration Conviviality Mediterranean Survey and

the Interpretation of Landscape Journal of Mediterranean

Archaeology 26(1)3ndash26

Given Michael and Arthur Bernard Knapp

2003 The Sydney Cyprus Survey Project Social Approaches to Regional

Archaeological Survey Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of

Archaeology

Hodder Ian

1999 The Archaeological Process An Introduction Oxford Blackwell

2000 Developing a Reflexive Method in Archaeology In Towards

Reflexive Method in Archaeology The Example at Ccedilatalhoumlyuumlk Ian

Hodder ed Pp 3ndash14 Cambridge McDonald Institute

Johnson Matthew

1999 Archaeological Theory An Introduction Oxford Blackwell

Tartaron Thomas F

2006 The Eastern Korinthia Archaeological Survey Integrated Methods

for a Dynamic Landscape Hisperia 75(1)435ndash505

Watrous LV Desponia Hadzi-Vallianou and Harriet Blitzer

2004 The Plains of Phaistos Cycles of Social Complexity in the Mesara

Region of Crete Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of Archaeology

  • FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-Frontmatter
  • FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-BookReviews
  • Mann-FN-Vol7(1)-2015-REVIEWS-LandscapeAndInteractionTheTroodosArchaeologicalAndEnvironmentalSurveyProjectCyprusVols1amp2

Editorial Committee

Faculty Advisor

Kalman Applbaum

Cover Design

Jessica Skinner

Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology

University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee

Department of Anthropology

3413 N Downer Ave

390 Sabin Hall

Milwaukee WI 53211

4142294175

fldnotesuwmedu

httpwww4uwmeduStudentOrgasuField_Noteshtm

Lindsay Barone

Sarah Boncal

Maisie Buntin

Audree Espada

Abby Forster

Shannon Freire

Adrienne Frie

Kevin Garstki

Susan Hill

Katinka Hooyer

Anika Jones

Alexis Jordan

Hannah King

Krista-Lee Malone

Barbara McClendon

Aurora Prehn

Cheri Price

Helen Werner

Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology

June 2015 Volume 7(1)

Table of Contents

About the Contributors 5

Articles

Vulture Scavenging of Pig Remains at Varying Grave Depths 8

Aryn A Klein Texas State UniversityndashSan Marcos

History Violence and Legitimacy in Uganda An Anthropological 20

Analysis of Post-Colonial Politics and ICC Intervention

Todd Jonathan Ebling University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee

The Boundaries of Watchdog Journalism at the Milwaukee 36

Journal Sentinel

Aras Coskuntuncel American University

Current Debates

Neanderthal Behavioral Modernity and Symbolic Capabilities 60

Liam McGill Harvard University Harvard College

Book Reviews

Eugene Raikhel and William Garriott (eds) ndash Addiction 76

Trajectories 2013

Tara Gallagher University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee

Marilyn Johnson ndash Lives in Ruins Archaeologists and 82

the Seductive Lure of Human Rubble 2014

A Espada University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee

Haidy Geismar ndash Treasured Possessions Indigenous 86

Interventions into Cultural and Intellectual Property Law 2013

Liam Murphy University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee

Michael Given Arthur Bernard Knapp Jay S Noller 90

Luke Sollars and Vasiliki Kassianidou ndash Landscape and Interaction

The Troodos Archaeological and Environmental Survey Project

Cyprus vols 1 amp 2 2013

Justin Mann East Carolina University

Contributors 5

Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology

June 2015 Volume 7(1)

About the Contributors

Aras Coskuntuncel is a graduate student at American University working

toward his PhD in communication His focus is on the commodification of

information surveillance and the struggle over control of the flow of

information in the digital era and how these processes are playing out in

Turkey He graduated with his Masterrsquos degree from the University of

WisconsinndashMilwaukeersquos media studies program In his Masterrsquos thesis he

conducted an ethnographic study of the Milwaukee Journal Sentinelrsquos unique

transition from a general-purpose newspaper to a watchdog-centric journal

Before coming to the United States he was the diplomacy and foreign news

editor at the Hurriyet Daily News an English-language newspaper in Istanbul

Turkey

Todd Jonathan Ebling is a second year PhD student in cultural anthropology at

the University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee He received his Master of Arts

degree in International Economic Development and worked for a malaria

control program in Uganda in 2011 While in the anthropology graduate

program at UWndashMilwaukee his geographic focus has shifted from Sub-

Saharan Africa to South Asia He is currently studying non-profit organizations

and issues of social justice and community development in northern India

A Espada is a Masterrsquos student at the University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee

Her research interests include personal ornament in prehistory archaeology

and politics museum studies and cultural resource management She has

worked on numerous archaeological research projects in California Nevada

England and Spain

Tara Gallagher is a biological anthropology MS student at the University of

WisconsinndashMilwaukee studying neuroanthroplogy She previously earned her

Bachelors degree in anthropology theatre amp film and molecular biosciences

from the University of Kansas Her interests are with the intersection between

mental health and socio-cultural issues Taras primary research includes the

neuroscience of addiction emotional embodiment and brain development

6 Contributors

Aryn A Klein received her Masterrsquos degree from Texas State UniversityndashSan

Marcos Her areas of interest include forensic anthropology skeletal biology

and skeletal trauma Her current research concerns fracture patterning within

subadult populations

Justin Mann is a second year Masterrsquos student at East Carolina University He

received his BS in anthropology and history from the University of Wisconsinndash

Oshkosh His thesis research focuses on the medieval-Ottoman landscapes of

Cyprus and diachronic ceramic distributions among different villages located

in the Troodos region Additionally Justin maintains interests in Byzantine

archaeology ethnicity in the archaeological record and survey methodology

Liam McGill is an AB candidate at Harvard College who intends to study

anthropology He is currently interested in exploring the intersection of social

and biological anthropology

Liam Murphy is a graduate student at the University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee

He is pursuing a Masterrsquos degree in anthropology alongside a professional

certificate in museum studies Liam is particularly interested in museum

archaeology material culture studies and the history of archaeology His

thesis is investigating 19th century Smithsonian curator Carl Raursquos

contributions to the Smithsonian Institutionrsquos European archaeology

collection

Book Reviews

Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology 7(1)90ndash96 (June 2015) Copyright copy 2015 by Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology

Landscape and Interaction The Troodos

Archaeological and Environmental Survey Project

Cyprus vols 1 amp 2

Michael Given Arthur Bernard Knapp Jay S Noller Luke

Sollars and Vasiliki Kassianidou Oxford The Council for

British Research in the Levant and Oxbow Books 2013 696 pp

ISBN 9781782971870 (vol 1) $9000pound4800 9781782971887 (vol 2) $7600pound3800 Justin Mann East Carolina University

Landscape and Interaction is the culmination of a five-year study in

Cyprus conducted by Michael Given et al that endeavors to combine

regional survey methodology with ideas of landscape theory At the core of

the methodology employed is the framework of commotion collaboration

and conviviality concepts laid out by Given in a concurrently published paper

(Given 20133) In essence these terms refer to the constant movement of

human and natural agents (commotion) how they combine to change the

landscape (collaboration) and how connections between agents on the

landscape are formed (conviviality) Given and associates synthesize these

data from the Troodos Archaeological Environmental Survey Project

(TAESP) into a two-volume set Volume 1 Methodology Analysis amp

Interaction provides the methodological theoretical and raw data framework

for the TAESP survey Volume 2 The TAESP Landscape applies these

methods and data to the survey area while also incorporating historical

records and ethnographic evidence In short volume 1 functions as an

extended introduction to the methods and survey area while volume 2

presents conclusions drawn from the survey data in a geographical manner

The TAESP project is partly an extension of a previous survey the

Sydney Cyprus Survey Project (SCSP) conducted by the authors from 1992ndash

1997 in an adjacent region of northwestern Cyprus (Given and Knapp 2003)

Given et al apply much of the same methodology in both the SCSP survey

and the TAESP survey Rather than searching for sites or focusing on a

particular chronological period the authors use a regional perspective to

understand the interaction between people and the landscape This regional

focus is part of a ldquosecond waverdquo (Given 20135) of theoretically minded large

-scale survey projects throughout the Mediterranean world (Given and Knapp

2003 Tartaron et al 2006 cf Watrous et al 2004)

Mann 91

Volume 1 is divided into six chapters and begins with an informative

introduction providing the historical and archaeological contexts of the survey

area as well as the grouprsquos research aims The reader is introduced to the long

history of Cyprus ranging from the islandrsquos first inhabitants in the

Epipaleolithic to modern-day Cypriot communities In addition the authors

provide the theoretical underpinnings for TAESP in the first chapter

The theoretical framework of the TAESP survey is largely

constructed upon Ian Hodderrsquos (1999 2000) concept of ldquothe siterdquo wherein a

site is a collection of meanings or associations to a past or present group

(Given et al 2013 vol 110) In this mode of thinking the site is moved

beyond a geographically bounded collection of material culture (artifacts) to

an area of human interaction with shifting contexts which the archaeologist

must interpret This interpretation of ldquothe siterdquo goes hand in hand with

Givenrsquos commotion collaboration and conviviality in that data (eg sites

artifacts) are not objective remains that reflect a particular behavior but are

the byproduct of human motion across and interaction with the landscape

This theory drives the way the TAESP team collected data (siteless) and how

they interpreted the data (deciphering human-landscape interaction) As

Johnson states ldquowe [archaeologists] can never confront theory and data in-

stead we see data through a cloud of theoryrdquo (1999102) Commotion collab-

oration and conviviality make up the cloud through which the TAESP team

saw the data

The idea of the siteless survey is not new to Mediterranean survey

as Caraher (2006) has pointed out and this method has been utilized in past

surveys Proponents of this artifact-level data dense style of survey argue that

it more accurately reflects the material landscape of the survey universe The

adherence to a siteless survey methodology is manifested in the TAESP

survey through its hyper-intensive data collection strategies in addition to the

absence of ldquositesrdquo in the more traditional sensemdashie geographically bounded

feature or artifact rich units with excavation potential (eg a tomb) The

TAESP directors reconcile this lack of sites by instead choosing to focus the

survey on the artifact-level as opposed to site-level In doing so extreme

amounts of data were collected to form interpretive conclusions from the

resulting artifact carpets (artifact densities mapped onto the survey universe)

in an attempt to contextualize the landscape

The TAESP team presents the methodology for achieving this

siteless aim in ch 2 Their goal was to produce interdisciplinary and

regionally orientated data sets that project a more accurate representation of

the survey universe Field crews covered an area of 164 km2 performing

pedestrian transects in areas of high archaeological potential using a stratified

sampling method that divided the survey universe into Intensive Survey

92 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction

Zones (ISZs) and extensive zones The ISZs comprising areas of higher

archaeological potential were more frequently transected than the extensive

zones The authors then plot ldquovariation in artifact density function and date

across the entire landscape rather than centering analysis around specific

lsquositesrsquo or lsquodots on the maprsquordquo again rejecting the essentialism of the site

(Given et al 2013 vol 120) Instead Given and associates use the term

Places of Special Interest (POSIs) A POSI which in many ways is what

would normally constitute an archaeological ldquositerdquo is ldquoany location where

there was good reason whether cultural or natural for carrying out more

detailed recordingrdquo (Given et al 2013 vol 126) Architectural remains

including farmsteads mills churches mosques and villages are generally

listed as Places of Special Interest (POSIs) or Building Units (BUs) (Given et

al 2013 vol 1261ndash277) An admirable 30721 ceramic sherds were collected

and analyzed during the course of the survey (Given et al 2013 vol 125)

Specialists also directed crews to collect data on geomorphology

archaeometallurgy and geobotany As a measure of methodological integrity

the TAESP directors initiated a seeding experiment (Given et al 2013 vol

135) to ensure consistency in artifact collection by field crews This addition

of a quality control test aids in establishing the overall effectiveness of

TAESPrsquos field collection methods Overall the tried-and-true transect method

is appropriate and the inclusion of specialty fields (eg paleogeology

paleobotany) help to further the comprehensiveness of the survey

In addition to their siteless methodology Given et al undertake the

task of ldquoflattening the hierarchyrdquo of terrestrial survey (Given et al 2013 vol

111) This ldquoflatteningrdquo seeks to place the job of interpretation into the hands

of all who are walking the landscape The benefit to choosing this method is

imprecise as the opinions of those ldquoencounteringrdquo the landscape in the 21st

century no doubt bear little resemblance to the mindset of those in the 1st

century Landscape and Interaction cites the example of how a field crew

designated two hills as POSIs in spite of the absence of material remains

because of their integral nature to the landscape (Given et al 2013 vol 112)

It is implied that from fieldwalker to director integration was practiced in

interpreting the landscape It is unclear however how impactful this decision

was as analysis was carried out by those in directorate positions This hyper-

interpretative approach as classified by Fleming (2006) seeks to incorporate

an experiential element to the field survey This is much in line with the

surveyrsquos phenomenological approach to landscape analysis

The four main chronological sequences identified on the TAESP

landscape are presented chronologically in ch 3 Prehistoric Iron Age

Hellenistic-Roman and Medieval-Modern For ceramics a distinction is made

between fine-wares and utility wares and their geographical origin is noted

Mann 93

when possible Detailed ceramic lithic and special finds catalogues are

included in this chapter (Given et al 2013 vol 180ndash227) Defining village

or POSI boundaries was not a concern once again in keeping with the

theoretical framework of the survey This method of collection affects

potential analyses for instance conducting a comparative analysis between

features within specific POSIs is difficult due to the lack of detail provided

(outside of artifact assemblages found on transects)

The landscapendashhuman interaction and its influence on the material

culture found within the TAESP survey region is synthesized within chs 5ndash

6 The authors present in chronological order the settlement patterns

communication networks and subsistence strategies of the inhabitants of the

TAESP landscape viewed through the ideas presented in ch 1 (Given et al

2013 vol 1321) This chronology begins with the Epipaleolithic and ends

with the British colonial period Working with a landscape contextualized

through the siteless field methodology the authors focus here on reconciling

processualist-rooted data collection (field and collection methods) with post-

processual interpretation (commotion collaboration and conviviality) The

conclusions drawn are therefore interpreted from the data to understand the

diachronically changing dynamic of humanndashenvironment interaction These

chapters (5ndash6) are the most representative of the TAESP teamrsquos theoretical

framework Inferences are made as to human experience on and interaction

with the landscape This is opposed to the other chapters in volumes 1 and 2

which largely serve to establish methodology and organize data (often

geographically) with arguably less interpretative influence

The authors end volume 1 by offering an array of sites (defined in

the more traditional sense) for further investigation displaying a hope for

work to continue in the region This recommendation as well as the

subsequent declaration that to find sites was not TAESPrsquos intent are passive

concessions for the volumersquos lack of focus on traditional archaeological sites

and appear aimed at the archaeologist who is searching for TAESPrsquos

contribution to understanding the Cypriot landscape through the discovery

and analysis of traditional ldquositesrdquo

The authors organize volume 2 into four geographic sections the

plains the Karkotis Valley the Lagoudhera Valley and the mountains They

use this geographic layout to present the ldquorelationship between people and

their landscaperdquo (Given et al 2013 vol 22) Volume 2 primarily functions as

the results and discussion section for Landscape and Interaction as the

authors organize the various types of data (ie survey archaeometallurgical

botanical) to form diachronic conclusions of the TAESP landscape

The plains which encompass the Atsas Mandres and Koutraphas

geographic zones compose the first locale discussed in volume 2 (Given et al

94 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction

2013 vol 26ndash48) This ecological zone contains occupations dating from the

Epipaleolithic to the British colonial period (Given et al 2013 vol 27) Of

note is the Roman farmstead at Vrysi tou Haji Christophi and the Medieval-

Modern villages scattered throughout The Karkotis Valley the second

geographical zone presented exhibits continual occupation for over six

millennia (Given et al 2013 vol 251) This occupational history is in large

part due to the prime agricultural land located within the valley Several

tombs are also present dating from the pre-Bronze Age and Roman periods

within the Karkotis Valley at Laonarka and Pano Limna respectively

Occupation within the Troodos Mountains ecological zone is decidedly

narrower reaching only from the Late Roman period to the Byzantine-

Modern (Given et al 2013 vol 2205) The nature of Roman activity remains

unclear however it is clear that it differs from the farm steading occurring in

the plains ecological zone (Given et al 2013 vol 2211) An extensive

Byzantine-Modern component can be found in the Troodos The Asinou

church and monastery are exquisitely preserved examples of late 11th century

religious architecture that speak to this component (Given et al 2013 vol

2214)

The Lagoudhera Valley was an area of copper mining and extraction

within the survey universe and although smaller than Skouriotissa it

comprises a representative manifestation of the TAESP teamrsquos methodology

and interpretation practices Many of the conclusions drawn from the

Lagoudhera Valley are a product of the authorsrsquo contextualizationmdashie focus

on the off-site rather than the ldquositerdquomdashof the landscape POSIs created

through the ldquoflattening of the hierarchyrdquomdashsuch as the hills noted by survey

teamsmdashas well as artifact presence are used to trace the motion of people

across the landscape (commotion) The authors use these data to give an

interpretive view of the human activity and the social setting surrounding the

extraction of copper and its subsequent impact on the landscape (Given et al

2013 vol 2202) In sum whereas volume 1 details the material culture of the

TAESP survey universe and attempts to address the teamrsquos primary research

goals (eg humanndashlandscape interaction) volume 2 synthesizes the results of

the TAESP survey on an area-by-area basis that address explicit research

questions (eg copper production in the Upper Lagoudhera Valley) while

incorporating the work of interdisciplinary team members

Overall the work produced by Given et al in Landscape and

Interaction contains a wealth of data beneficial to its intended audience of

European and North American archaeologists interested in advancing

archaeology in the eastern Mediterranean basin as well as archaeologists

interested in landscape theory This is greatly enhanced by the publishing of

the TAESP as well as the SCSP data onlinei However the choice of the

Mann 95

TAESP team not to delimit and detail POSIs beyond geographical setting is

problematic ldquoVerbingrdquo humanndashenvironmental interactionmdashie describing

human actions through survey data rather than imposed rigid categories

(Given et al 2013 vol 1344)mdashsolely through artifact presenceabsence

across the landscape seems incomplete without including the context and

nature of ldquositesrdquo or POSIs in greater detail For example the TAESP teamrsquos

decision not to bound or GPS significant features within POSIs does not

allow for comparison study between the POSIs If significant features

differentiate POSIs from other areas of the transect it seems that defining

these spaces through a more traditional concept of ldquositerdquo would offer further

analytical potential Rather than undermining the siteless methodology

detailing the specifics that form within POSIs would provide more avenues

for archaeologists to analyze the data collected While conducting a siteless

survey has its benefits especially in a culturally diffuse landscape the

TAESP authors could strengthen their interpretations through the inclusion of

more POSI detail to allow for greater analysis of variation amongst the

ldquoknotsrdquo that form through commotion

Furthermore regarding the teamrsquos attempt to ldquoflatten the hierarchyrdquo

their employed methods lay the groundwork for further experimentation with

this concept Perhaps something akin to American cultural resource

managementrsquos use of tribal cultural surveys could benefit future research

wherein the goal of the transect is solely to understand sacred landscapes

through an emic perspective This emic approach could have been applied

through greater local participation on the survey itself especially in the case

of the Ottoman-Modern landscape due to its historical continuity with the

current population

Nevertheless the value of Landscape and Interaction is

unmistakable Its data collection strategies are innovative and the breadth of

data collected and published is enormous Regardless of theoretical

orientation the data offer a wealth of information relevant to a wide variety of

research questions ranging from settlement patterns to social archaeology

Attempting to unite processual methods with post-processual interpretation is

a noble cause that deserves further refinement (Bintliff 1996) This is

especially the case with the ideas of commotion collaboration and

conviviality which provide an interesting tool for understanding the enormity

of data collected from the study of humanndashlandscape interaction

Theoretically driven survey seeks to answer broader anthropological

questions and the TAESP survey has made strides in furthering this aim

Overall the volumes are a model of large-scale siteless survey field

methodology within a multi-component landscape and are of use to both

students learning about and archaeologists conducting regional survey

96 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction

Notes

i httpintarchacukjournalissue204pottfindcfm

References

Bintliff John

1996 Interactions of Theory Methodology and Practice Archaeological

Dialogues 3(2)246ndash255

Caraher William

2006 Siteless Survey and Intensive Data Collection in an Artifact-Rich

Environment Case Studies from the Eastern Corinthia Greece

Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 3(2)246ndash255

Fleming Andrew

2006 Post-Processual Landscape Archaeology A Critique Cambridge

Archaeological Journal 16(3)267ndash280

Given Michael

2013 Commotion Collaboration Conviviality Mediterranean Survey and

the Interpretation of Landscape Journal of Mediterranean

Archaeology 26(1)3ndash26

Given Michael and Arthur Bernard Knapp

2003 The Sydney Cyprus Survey Project Social Approaches to Regional

Archaeological Survey Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of

Archaeology

Hodder Ian

1999 The Archaeological Process An Introduction Oxford Blackwell

2000 Developing a Reflexive Method in Archaeology In Towards

Reflexive Method in Archaeology The Example at Ccedilatalhoumlyuumlk Ian

Hodder ed Pp 3ndash14 Cambridge McDonald Institute

Johnson Matthew

1999 Archaeological Theory An Introduction Oxford Blackwell

Tartaron Thomas F

2006 The Eastern Korinthia Archaeological Survey Integrated Methods

for a Dynamic Landscape Hisperia 75(1)435ndash505

Watrous LV Desponia Hadzi-Vallianou and Harriet Blitzer

2004 The Plains of Phaistos Cycles of Social Complexity in the Mesara

Region of Crete Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of Archaeology

  • FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-Frontmatter
  • FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-BookReviews
  • Mann-FN-Vol7(1)-2015-REVIEWS-LandscapeAndInteractionTheTroodosArchaeologicalAndEnvironmentalSurveyProjectCyprusVols1amp2

Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology

June 2015 Volume 7(1)

Table of Contents

About the Contributors 5

Articles

Vulture Scavenging of Pig Remains at Varying Grave Depths 8

Aryn A Klein Texas State UniversityndashSan Marcos

History Violence and Legitimacy in Uganda An Anthropological 20

Analysis of Post-Colonial Politics and ICC Intervention

Todd Jonathan Ebling University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee

The Boundaries of Watchdog Journalism at the Milwaukee 36

Journal Sentinel

Aras Coskuntuncel American University

Current Debates

Neanderthal Behavioral Modernity and Symbolic Capabilities 60

Liam McGill Harvard University Harvard College

Book Reviews

Eugene Raikhel and William Garriott (eds) ndash Addiction 76

Trajectories 2013

Tara Gallagher University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee

Marilyn Johnson ndash Lives in Ruins Archaeologists and 82

the Seductive Lure of Human Rubble 2014

A Espada University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee

Haidy Geismar ndash Treasured Possessions Indigenous 86

Interventions into Cultural and Intellectual Property Law 2013

Liam Murphy University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee

Michael Given Arthur Bernard Knapp Jay S Noller 90

Luke Sollars and Vasiliki Kassianidou ndash Landscape and Interaction

The Troodos Archaeological and Environmental Survey Project

Cyprus vols 1 amp 2 2013

Justin Mann East Carolina University

Contributors 5

Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology

June 2015 Volume 7(1)

About the Contributors

Aras Coskuntuncel is a graduate student at American University working

toward his PhD in communication His focus is on the commodification of

information surveillance and the struggle over control of the flow of

information in the digital era and how these processes are playing out in

Turkey He graduated with his Masterrsquos degree from the University of

WisconsinndashMilwaukeersquos media studies program In his Masterrsquos thesis he

conducted an ethnographic study of the Milwaukee Journal Sentinelrsquos unique

transition from a general-purpose newspaper to a watchdog-centric journal

Before coming to the United States he was the diplomacy and foreign news

editor at the Hurriyet Daily News an English-language newspaper in Istanbul

Turkey

Todd Jonathan Ebling is a second year PhD student in cultural anthropology at

the University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee He received his Master of Arts

degree in International Economic Development and worked for a malaria

control program in Uganda in 2011 While in the anthropology graduate

program at UWndashMilwaukee his geographic focus has shifted from Sub-

Saharan Africa to South Asia He is currently studying non-profit organizations

and issues of social justice and community development in northern India

A Espada is a Masterrsquos student at the University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee

Her research interests include personal ornament in prehistory archaeology

and politics museum studies and cultural resource management She has

worked on numerous archaeological research projects in California Nevada

England and Spain

Tara Gallagher is a biological anthropology MS student at the University of

WisconsinndashMilwaukee studying neuroanthroplogy She previously earned her

Bachelors degree in anthropology theatre amp film and molecular biosciences

from the University of Kansas Her interests are with the intersection between

mental health and socio-cultural issues Taras primary research includes the

neuroscience of addiction emotional embodiment and brain development

6 Contributors

Aryn A Klein received her Masterrsquos degree from Texas State UniversityndashSan

Marcos Her areas of interest include forensic anthropology skeletal biology

and skeletal trauma Her current research concerns fracture patterning within

subadult populations

Justin Mann is a second year Masterrsquos student at East Carolina University He

received his BS in anthropology and history from the University of Wisconsinndash

Oshkosh His thesis research focuses on the medieval-Ottoman landscapes of

Cyprus and diachronic ceramic distributions among different villages located

in the Troodos region Additionally Justin maintains interests in Byzantine

archaeology ethnicity in the archaeological record and survey methodology

Liam McGill is an AB candidate at Harvard College who intends to study

anthropology He is currently interested in exploring the intersection of social

and biological anthropology

Liam Murphy is a graduate student at the University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee

He is pursuing a Masterrsquos degree in anthropology alongside a professional

certificate in museum studies Liam is particularly interested in museum

archaeology material culture studies and the history of archaeology His

thesis is investigating 19th century Smithsonian curator Carl Raursquos

contributions to the Smithsonian Institutionrsquos European archaeology

collection

Book Reviews

Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology 7(1)90ndash96 (June 2015) Copyright copy 2015 by Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology

Landscape and Interaction The Troodos

Archaeological and Environmental Survey Project

Cyprus vols 1 amp 2

Michael Given Arthur Bernard Knapp Jay S Noller Luke

Sollars and Vasiliki Kassianidou Oxford The Council for

British Research in the Levant and Oxbow Books 2013 696 pp

ISBN 9781782971870 (vol 1) $9000pound4800 9781782971887 (vol 2) $7600pound3800 Justin Mann East Carolina University

Landscape and Interaction is the culmination of a five-year study in

Cyprus conducted by Michael Given et al that endeavors to combine

regional survey methodology with ideas of landscape theory At the core of

the methodology employed is the framework of commotion collaboration

and conviviality concepts laid out by Given in a concurrently published paper

(Given 20133) In essence these terms refer to the constant movement of

human and natural agents (commotion) how they combine to change the

landscape (collaboration) and how connections between agents on the

landscape are formed (conviviality) Given and associates synthesize these

data from the Troodos Archaeological Environmental Survey Project

(TAESP) into a two-volume set Volume 1 Methodology Analysis amp

Interaction provides the methodological theoretical and raw data framework

for the TAESP survey Volume 2 The TAESP Landscape applies these

methods and data to the survey area while also incorporating historical

records and ethnographic evidence In short volume 1 functions as an

extended introduction to the methods and survey area while volume 2

presents conclusions drawn from the survey data in a geographical manner

The TAESP project is partly an extension of a previous survey the

Sydney Cyprus Survey Project (SCSP) conducted by the authors from 1992ndash

1997 in an adjacent region of northwestern Cyprus (Given and Knapp 2003)

Given et al apply much of the same methodology in both the SCSP survey

and the TAESP survey Rather than searching for sites or focusing on a

particular chronological period the authors use a regional perspective to

understand the interaction between people and the landscape This regional

focus is part of a ldquosecond waverdquo (Given 20135) of theoretically minded large

-scale survey projects throughout the Mediterranean world (Given and Knapp

2003 Tartaron et al 2006 cf Watrous et al 2004)

Mann 91

Volume 1 is divided into six chapters and begins with an informative

introduction providing the historical and archaeological contexts of the survey

area as well as the grouprsquos research aims The reader is introduced to the long

history of Cyprus ranging from the islandrsquos first inhabitants in the

Epipaleolithic to modern-day Cypriot communities In addition the authors

provide the theoretical underpinnings for TAESP in the first chapter

The theoretical framework of the TAESP survey is largely

constructed upon Ian Hodderrsquos (1999 2000) concept of ldquothe siterdquo wherein a

site is a collection of meanings or associations to a past or present group

(Given et al 2013 vol 110) In this mode of thinking the site is moved

beyond a geographically bounded collection of material culture (artifacts) to

an area of human interaction with shifting contexts which the archaeologist

must interpret This interpretation of ldquothe siterdquo goes hand in hand with

Givenrsquos commotion collaboration and conviviality in that data (eg sites

artifacts) are not objective remains that reflect a particular behavior but are

the byproduct of human motion across and interaction with the landscape

This theory drives the way the TAESP team collected data (siteless) and how

they interpreted the data (deciphering human-landscape interaction) As

Johnson states ldquowe [archaeologists] can never confront theory and data in-

stead we see data through a cloud of theoryrdquo (1999102) Commotion collab-

oration and conviviality make up the cloud through which the TAESP team

saw the data

The idea of the siteless survey is not new to Mediterranean survey

as Caraher (2006) has pointed out and this method has been utilized in past

surveys Proponents of this artifact-level data dense style of survey argue that

it more accurately reflects the material landscape of the survey universe The

adherence to a siteless survey methodology is manifested in the TAESP

survey through its hyper-intensive data collection strategies in addition to the

absence of ldquositesrdquo in the more traditional sensemdashie geographically bounded

feature or artifact rich units with excavation potential (eg a tomb) The

TAESP directors reconcile this lack of sites by instead choosing to focus the

survey on the artifact-level as opposed to site-level In doing so extreme

amounts of data were collected to form interpretive conclusions from the

resulting artifact carpets (artifact densities mapped onto the survey universe)

in an attempt to contextualize the landscape

The TAESP team presents the methodology for achieving this

siteless aim in ch 2 Their goal was to produce interdisciplinary and

regionally orientated data sets that project a more accurate representation of

the survey universe Field crews covered an area of 164 km2 performing

pedestrian transects in areas of high archaeological potential using a stratified

sampling method that divided the survey universe into Intensive Survey

92 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction

Zones (ISZs) and extensive zones The ISZs comprising areas of higher

archaeological potential were more frequently transected than the extensive

zones The authors then plot ldquovariation in artifact density function and date

across the entire landscape rather than centering analysis around specific

lsquositesrsquo or lsquodots on the maprsquordquo again rejecting the essentialism of the site

(Given et al 2013 vol 120) Instead Given and associates use the term

Places of Special Interest (POSIs) A POSI which in many ways is what

would normally constitute an archaeological ldquositerdquo is ldquoany location where

there was good reason whether cultural or natural for carrying out more

detailed recordingrdquo (Given et al 2013 vol 126) Architectural remains

including farmsteads mills churches mosques and villages are generally

listed as Places of Special Interest (POSIs) or Building Units (BUs) (Given et

al 2013 vol 1261ndash277) An admirable 30721 ceramic sherds were collected

and analyzed during the course of the survey (Given et al 2013 vol 125)

Specialists also directed crews to collect data on geomorphology

archaeometallurgy and geobotany As a measure of methodological integrity

the TAESP directors initiated a seeding experiment (Given et al 2013 vol

135) to ensure consistency in artifact collection by field crews This addition

of a quality control test aids in establishing the overall effectiveness of

TAESPrsquos field collection methods Overall the tried-and-true transect method

is appropriate and the inclusion of specialty fields (eg paleogeology

paleobotany) help to further the comprehensiveness of the survey

In addition to their siteless methodology Given et al undertake the

task of ldquoflattening the hierarchyrdquo of terrestrial survey (Given et al 2013 vol

111) This ldquoflatteningrdquo seeks to place the job of interpretation into the hands

of all who are walking the landscape The benefit to choosing this method is

imprecise as the opinions of those ldquoencounteringrdquo the landscape in the 21st

century no doubt bear little resemblance to the mindset of those in the 1st

century Landscape and Interaction cites the example of how a field crew

designated two hills as POSIs in spite of the absence of material remains

because of their integral nature to the landscape (Given et al 2013 vol 112)

It is implied that from fieldwalker to director integration was practiced in

interpreting the landscape It is unclear however how impactful this decision

was as analysis was carried out by those in directorate positions This hyper-

interpretative approach as classified by Fleming (2006) seeks to incorporate

an experiential element to the field survey This is much in line with the

surveyrsquos phenomenological approach to landscape analysis

The four main chronological sequences identified on the TAESP

landscape are presented chronologically in ch 3 Prehistoric Iron Age

Hellenistic-Roman and Medieval-Modern For ceramics a distinction is made

between fine-wares and utility wares and their geographical origin is noted

Mann 93

when possible Detailed ceramic lithic and special finds catalogues are

included in this chapter (Given et al 2013 vol 180ndash227) Defining village

or POSI boundaries was not a concern once again in keeping with the

theoretical framework of the survey This method of collection affects

potential analyses for instance conducting a comparative analysis between

features within specific POSIs is difficult due to the lack of detail provided

(outside of artifact assemblages found on transects)

The landscapendashhuman interaction and its influence on the material

culture found within the TAESP survey region is synthesized within chs 5ndash

6 The authors present in chronological order the settlement patterns

communication networks and subsistence strategies of the inhabitants of the

TAESP landscape viewed through the ideas presented in ch 1 (Given et al

2013 vol 1321) This chronology begins with the Epipaleolithic and ends

with the British colonial period Working with a landscape contextualized

through the siteless field methodology the authors focus here on reconciling

processualist-rooted data collection (field and collection methods) with post-

processual interpretation (commotion collaboration and conviviality) The

conclusions drawn are therefore interpreted from the data to understand the

diachronically changing dynamic of humanndashenvironment interaction These

chapters (5ndash6) are the most representative of the TAESP teamrsquos theoretical

framework Inferences are made as to human experience on and interaction

with the landscape This is opposed to the other chapters in volumes 1 and 2

which largely serve to establish methodology and organize data (often

geographically) with arguably less interpretative influence

The authors end volume 1 by offering an array of sites (defined in

the more traditional sense) for further investigation displaying a hope for

work to continue in the region This recommendation as well as the

subsequent declaration that to find sites was not TAESPrsquos intent are passive

concessions for the volumersquos lack of focus on traditional archaeological sites

and appear aimed at the archaeologist who is searching for TAESPrsquos

contribution to understanding the Cypriot landscape through the discovery

and analysis of traditional ldquositesrdquo

The authors organize volume 2 into four geographic sections the

plains the Karkotis Valley the Lagoudhera Valley and the mountains They

use this geographic layout to present the ldquorelationship between people and

their landscaperdquo (Given et al 2013 vol 22) Volume 2 primarily functions as

the results and discussion section for Landscape and Interaction as the

authors organize the various types of data (ie survey archaeometallurgical

botanical) to form diachronic conclusions of the TAESP landscape

The plains which encompass the Atsas Mandres and Koutraphas

geographic zones compose the first locale discussed in volume 2 (Given et al

94 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction

2013 vol 26ndash48) This ecological zone contains occupations dating from the

Epipaleolithic to the British colonial period (Given et al 2013 vol 27) Of

note is the Roman farmstead at Vrysi tou Haji Christophi and the Medieval-

Modern villages scattered throughout The Karkotis Valley the second

geographical zone presented exhibits continual occupation for over six

millennia (Given et al 2013 vol 251) This occupational history is in large

part due to the prime agricultural land located within the valley Several

tombs are also present dating from the pre-Bronze Age and Roman periods

within the Karkotis Valley at Laonarka and Pano Limna respectively

Occupation within the Troodos Mountains ecological zone is decidedly

narrower reaching only from the Late Roman period to the Byzantine-

Modern (Given et al 2013 vol 2205) The nature of Roman activity remains

unclear however it is clear that it differs from the farm steading occurring in

the plains ecological zone (Given et al 2013 vol 2211) An extensive

Byzantine-Modern component can be found in the Troodos The Asinou

church and monastery are exquisitely preserved examples of late 11th century

religious architecture that speak to this component (Given et al 2013 vol

2214)

The Lagoudhera Valley was an area of copper mining and extraction

within the survey universe and although smaller than Skouriotissa it

comprises a representative manifestation of the TAESP teamrsquos methodology

and interpretation practices Many of the conclusions drawn from the

Lagoudhera Valley are a product of the authorsrsquo contextualizationmdashie focus

on the off-site rather than the ldquositerdquomdashof the landscape POSIs created

through the ldquoflattening of the hierarchyrdquomdashsuch as the hills noted by survey

teamsmdashas well as artifact presence are used to trace the motion of people

across the landscape (commotion) The authors use these data to give an

interpretive view of the human activity and the social setting surrounding the

extraction of copper and its subsequent impact on the landscape (Given et al

2013 vol 2202) In sum whereas volume 1 details the material culture of the

TAESP survey universe and attempts to address the teamrsquos primary research

goals (eg humanndashlandscape interaction) volume 2 synthesizes the results of

the TAESP survey on an area-by-area basis that address explicit research

questions (eg copper production in the Upper Lagoudhera Valley) while

incorporating the work of interdisciplinary team members

Overall the work produced by Given et al in Landscape and

Interaction contains a wealth of data beneficial to its intended audience of

European and North American archaeologists interested in advancing

archaeology in the eastern Mediterranean basin as well as archaeologists

interested in landscape theory This is greatly enhanced by the publishing of

the TAESP as well as the SCSP data onlinei However the choice of the

Mann 95

TAESP team not to delimit and detail POSIs beyond geographical setting is

problematic ldquoVerbingrdquo humanndashenvironmental interactionmdashie describing

human actions through survey data rather than imposed rigid categories

(Given et al 2013 vol 1344)mdashsolely through artifact presenceabsence

across the landscape seems incomplete without including the context and

nature of ldquositesrdquo or POSIs in greater detail For example the TAESP teamrsquos

decision not to bound or GPS significant features within POSIs does not

allow for comparison study between the POSIs If significant features

differentiate POSIs from other areas of the transect it seems that defining

these spaces through a more traditional concept of ldquositerdquo would offer further

analytical potential Rather than undermining the siteless methodology

detailing the specifics that form within POSIs would provide more avenues

for archaeologists to analyze the data collected While conducting a siteless

survey has its benefits especially in a culturally diffuse landscape the

TAESP authors could strengthen their interpretations through the inclusion of

more POSI detail to allow for greater analysis of variation amongst the

ldquoknotsrdquo that form through commotion

Furthermore regarding the teamrsquos attempt to ldquoflatten the hierarchyrdquo

their employed methods lay the groundwork for further experimentation with

this concept Perhaps something akin to American cultural resource

managementrsquos use of tribal cultural surveys could benefit future research

wherein the goal of the transect is solely to understand sacred landscapes

through an emic perspective This emic approach could have been applied

through greater local participation on the survey itself especially in the case

of the Ottoman-Modern landscape due to its historical continuity with the

current population

Nevertheless the value of Landscape and Interaction is

unmistakable Its data collection strategies are innovative and the breadth of

data collected and published is enormous Regardless of theoretical

orientation the data offer a wealth of information relevant to a wide variety of

research questions ranging from settlement patterns to social archaeology

Attempting to unite processual methods with post-processual interpretation is

a noble cause that deserves further refinement (Bintliff 1996) This is

especially the case with the ideas of commotion collaboration and

conviviality which provide an interesting tool for understanding the enormity

of data collected from the study of humanndashlandscape interaction

Theoretically driven survey seeks to answer broader anthropological

questions and the TAESP survey has made strides in furthering this aim

Overall the volumes are a model of large-scale siteless survey field

methodology within a multi-component landscape and are of use to both

students learning about and archaeologists conducting regional survey

96 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction

Notes

i httpintarchacukjournalissue204pottfindcfm

References

Bintliff John

1996 Interactions of Theory Methodology and Practice Archaeological

Dialogues 3(2)246ndash255

Caraher William

2006 Siteless Survey and Intensive Data Collection in an Artifact-Rich

Environment Case Studies from the Eastern Corinthia Greece

Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 3(2)246ndash255

Fleming Andrew

2006 Post-Processual Landscape Archaeology A Critique Cambridge

Archaeological Journal 16(3)267ndash280

Given Michael

2013 Commotion Collaboration Conviviality Mediterranean Survey and

the Interpretation of Landscape Journal of Mediterranean

Archaeology 26(1)3ndash26

Given Michael and Arthur Bernard Knapp

2003 The Sydney Cyprus Survey Project Social Approaches to Regional

Archaeological Survey Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of

Archaeology

Hodder Ian

1999 The Archaeological Process An Introduction Oxford Blackwell

2000 Developing a Reflexive Method in Archaeology In Towards

Reflexive Method in Archaeology The Example at Ccedilatalhoumlyuumlk Ian

Hodder ed Pp 3ndash14 Cambridge McDonald Institute

Johnson Matthew

1999 Archaeological Theory An Introduction Oxford Blackwell

Tartaron Thomas F

2006 The Eastern Korinthia Archaeological Survey Integrated Methods

for a Dynamic Landscape Hisperia 75(1)435ndash505

Watrous LV Desponia Hadzi-Vallianou and Harriet Blitzer

2004 The Plains of Phaistos Cycles of Social Complexity in the Mesara

Region of Crete Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of Archaeology

  • FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-Frontmatter
  • FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-BookReviews
  • Mann-FN-Vol7(1)-2015-REVIEWS-LandscapeAndInteractionTheTroodosArchaeologicalAndEnvironmentalSurveyProjectCyprusVols1amp2

Contributors 5

Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology

June 2015 Volume 7(1)

About the Contributors

Aras Coskuntuncel is a graduate student at American University working

toward his PhD in communication His focus is on the commodification of

information surveillance and the struggle over control of the flow of

information in the digital era and how these processes are playing out in

Turkey He graduated with his Masterrsquos degree from the University of

WisconsinndashMilwaukeersquos media studies program In his Masterrsquos thesis he

conducted an ethnographic study of the Milwaukee Journal Sentinelrsquos unique

transition from a general-purpose newspaper to a watchdog-centric journal

Before coming to the United States he was the diplomacy and foreign news

editor at the Hurriyet Daily News an English-language newspaper in Istanbul

Turkey

Todd Jonathan Ebling is a second year PhD student in cultural anthropology at

the University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee He received his Master of Arts

degree in International Economic Development and worked for a malaria

control program in Uganda in 2011 While in the anthropology graduate

program at UWndashMilwaukee his geographic focus has shifted from Sub-

Saharan Africa to South Asia He is currently studying non-profit organizations

and issues of social justice and community development in northern India

A Espada is a Masterrsquos student at the University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee

Her research interests include personal ornament in prehistory archaeology

and politics museum studies and cultural resource management She has

worked on numerous archaeological research projects in California Nevada

England and Spain

Tara Gallagher is a biological anthropology MS student at the University of

WisconsinndashMilwaukee studying neuroanthroplogy She previously earned her

Bachelors degree in anthropology theatre amp film and molecular biosciences

from the University of Kansas Her interests are with the intersection between

mental health and socio-cultural issues Taras primary research includes the

neuroscience of addiction emotional embodiment and brain development

6 Contributors

Aryn A Klein received her Masterrsquos degree from Texas State UniversityndashSan

Marcos Her areas of interest include forensic anthropology skeletal biology

and skeletal trauma Her current research concerns fracture patterning within

subadult populations

Justin Mann is a second year Masterrsquos student at East Carolina University He

received his BS in anthropology and history from the University of Wisconsinndash

Oshkosh His thesis research focuses on the medieval-Ottoman landscapes of

Cyprus and diachronic ceramic distributions among different villages located

in the Troodos region Additionally Justin maintains interests in Byzantine

archaeology ethnicity in the archaeological record and survey methodology

Liam McGill is an AB candidate at Harvard College who intends to study

anthropology He is currently interested in exploring the intersection of social

and biological anthropology

Liam Murphy is a graduate student at the University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee

He is pursuing a Masterrsquos degree in anthropology alongside a professional

certificate in museum studies Liam is particularly interested in museum

archaeology material culture studies and the history of archaeology His

thesis is investigating 19th century Smithsonian curator Carl Raursquos

contributions to the Smithsonian Institutionrsquos European archaeology

collection

Book Reviews

Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology 7(1)90ndash96 (June 2015) Copyright copy 2015 by Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology

Landscape and Interaction The Troodos

Archaeological and Environmental Survey Project

Cyprus vols 1 amp 2

Michael Given Arthur Bernard Knapp Jay S Noller Luke

Sollars and Vasiliki Kassianidou Oxford The Council for

British Research in the Levant and Oxbow Books 2013 696 pp

ISBN 9781782971870 (vol 1) $9000pound4800 9781782971887 (vol 2) $7600pound3800 Justin Mann East Carolina University

Landscape and Interaction is the culmination of a five-year study in

Cyprus conducted by Michael Given et al that endeavors to combine

regional survey methodology with ideas of landscape theory At the core of

the methodology employed is the framework of commotion collaboration

and conviviality concepts laid out by Given in a concurrently published paper

(Given 20133) In essence these terms refer to the constant movement of

human and natural agents (commotion) how they combine to change the

landscape (collaboration) and how connections between agents on the

landscape are formed (conviviality) Given and associates synthesize these

data from the Troodos Archaeological Environmental Survey Project

(TAESP) into a two-volume set Volume 1 Methodology Analysis amp

Interaction provides the methodological theoretical and raw data framework

for the TAESP survey Volume 2 The TAESP Landscape applies these

methods and data to the survey area while also incorporating historical

records and ethnographic evidence In short volume 1 functions as an

extended introduction to the methods and survey area while volume 2

presents conclusions drawn from the survey data in a geographical manner

The TAESP project is partly an extension of a previous survey the

Sydney Cyprus Survey Project (SCSP) conducted by the authors from 1992ndash

1997 in an adjacent region of northwestern Cyprus (Given and Knapp 2003)

Given et al apply much of the same methodology in both the SCSP survey

and the TAESP survey Rather than searching for sites or focusing on a

particular chronological period the authors use a regional perspective to

understand the interaction between people and the landscape This regional

focus is part of a ldquosecond waverdquo (Given 20135) of theoretically minded large

-scale survey projects throughout the Mediterranean world (Given and Knapp

2003 Tartaron et al 2006 cf Watrous et al 2004)

Mann 91

Volume 1 is divided into six chapters and begins with an informative

introduction providing the historical and archaeological contexts of the survey

area as well as the grouprsquos research aims The reader is introduced to the long

history of Cyprus ranging from the islandrsquos first inhabitants in the

Epipaleolithic to modern-day Cypriot communities In addition the authors

provide the theoretical underpinnings for TAESP in the first chapter

The theoretical framework of the TAESP survey is largely

constructed upon Ian Hodderrsquos (1999 2000) concept of ldquothe siterdquo wherein a

site is a collection of meanings or associations to a past or present group

(Given et al 2013 vol 110) In this mode of thinking the site is moved

beyond a geographically bounded collection of material culture (artifacts) to

an area of human interaction with shifting contexts which the archaeologist

must interpret This interpretation of ldquothe siterdquo goes hand in hand with

Givenrsquos commotion collaboration and conviviality in that data (eg sites

artifacts) are not objective remains that reflect a particular behavior but are

the byproduct of human motion across and interaction with the landscape

This theory drives the way the TAESP team collected data (siteless) and how

they interpreted the data (deciphering human-landscape interaction) As

Johnson states ldquowe [archaeologists] can never confront theory and data in-

stead we see data through a cloud of theoryrdquo (1999102) Commotion collab-

oration and conviviality make up the cloud through which the TAESP team

saw the data

The idea of the siteless survey is not new to Mediterranean survey

as Caraher (2006) has pointed out and this method has been utilized in past

surveys Proponents of this artifact-level data dense style of survey argue that

it more accurately reflects the material landscape of the survey universe The

adherence to a siteless survey methodology is manifested in the TAESP

survey through its hyper-intensive data collection strategies in addition to the

absence of ldquositesrdquo in the more traditional sensemdashie geographically bounded

feature or artifact rich units with excavation potential (eg a tomb) The

TAESP directors reconcile this lack of sites by instead choosing to focus the

survey on the artifact-level as opposed to site-level In doing so extreme

amounts of data were collected to form interpretive conclusions from the

resulting artifact carpets (artifact densities mapped onto the survey universe)

in an attempt to contextualize the landscape

The TAESP team presents the methodology for achieving this

siteless aim in ch 2 Their goal was to produce interdisciplinary and

regionally orientated data sets that project a more accurate representation of

the survey universe Field crews covered an area of 164 km2 performing

pedestrian transects in areas of high archaeological potential using a stratified

sampling method that divided the survey universe into Intensive Survey

92 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction

Zones (ISZs) and extensive zones The ISZs comprising areas of higher

archaeological potential were more frequently transected than the extensive

zones The authors then plot ldquovariation in artifact density function and date

across the entire landscape rather than centering analysis around specific

lsquositesrsquo or lsquodots on the maprsquordquo again rejecting the essentialism of the site

(Given et al 2013 vol 120) Instead Given and associates use the term

Places of Special Interest (POSIs) A POSI which in many ways is what

would normally constitute an archaeological ldquositerdquo is ldquoany location where

there was good reason whether cultural or natural for carrying out more

detailed recordingrdquo (Given et al 2013 vol 126) Architectural remains

including farmsteads mills churches mosques and villages are generally

listed as Places of Special Interest (POSIs) or Building Units (BUs) (Given et

al 2013 vol 1261ndash277) An admirable 30721 ceramic sherds were collected

and analyzed during the course of the survey (Given et al 2013 vol 125)

Specialists also directed crews to collect data on geomorphology

archaeometallurgy and geobotany As a measure of methodological integrity

the TAESP directors initiated a seeding experiment (Given et al 2013 vol

135) to ensure consistency in artifact collection by field crews This addition

of a quality control test aids in establishing the overall effectiveness of

TAESPrsquos field collection methods Overall the tried-and-true transect method

is appropriate and the inclusion of specialty fields (eg paleogeology

paleobotany) help to further the comprehensiveness of the survey

In addition to their siteless methodology Given et al undertake the

task of ldquoflattening the hierarchyrdquo of terrestrial survey (Given et al 2013 vol

111) This ldquoflatteningrdquo seeks to place the job of interpretation into the hands

of all who are walking the landscape The benefit to choosing this method is

imprecise as the opinions of those ldquoencounteringrdquo the landscape in the 21st

century no doubt bear little resemblance to the mindset of those in the 1st

century Landscape and Interaction cites the example of how a field crew

designated two hills as POSIs in spite of the absence of material remains

because of their integral nature to the landscape (Given et al 2013 vol 112)

It is implied that from fieldwalker to director integration was practiced in

interpreting the landscape It is unclear however how impactful this decision

was as analysis was carried out by those in directorate positions This hyper-

interpretative approach as classified by Fleming (2006) seeks to incorporate

an experiential element to the field survey This is much in line with the

surveyrsquos phenomenological approach to landscape analysis

The four main chronological sequences identified on the TAESP

landscape are presented chronologically in ch 3 Prehistoric Iron Age

Hellenistic-Roman and Medieval-Modern For ceramics a distinction is made

between fine-wares and utility wares and their geographical origin is noted

Mann 93

when possible Detailed ceramic lithic and special finds catalogues are

included in this chapter (Given et al 2013 vol 180ndash227) Defining village

or POSI boundaries was not a concern once again in keeping with the

theoretical framework of the survey This method of collection affects

potential analyses for instance conducting a comparative analysis between

features within specific POSIs is difficult due to the lack of detail provided

(outside of artifact assemblages found on transects)

The landscapendashhuman interaction and its influence on the material

culture found within the TAESP survey region is synthesized within chs 5ndash

6 The authors present in chronological order the settlement patterns

communication networks and subsistence strategies of the inhabitants of the

TAESP landscape viewed through the ideas presented in ch 1 (Given et al

2013 vol 1321) This chronology begins with the Epipaleolithic and ends

with the British colonial period Working with a landscape contextualized

through the siteless field methodology the authors focus here on reconciling

processualist-rooted data collection (field and collection methods) with post-

processual interpretation (commotion collaboration and conviviality) The

conclusions drawn are therefore interpreted from the data to understand the

diachronically changing dynamic of humanndashenvironment interaction These

chapters (5ndash6) are the most representative of the TAESP teamrsquos theoretical

framework Inferences are made as to human experience on and interaction

with the landscape This is opposed to the other chapters in volumes 1 and 2

which largely serve to establish methodology and organize data (often

geographically) with arguably less interpretative influence

The authors end volume 1 by offering an array of sites (defined in

the more traditional sense) for further investigation displaying a hope for

work to continue in the region This recommendation as well as the

subsequent declaration that to find sites was not TAESPrsquos intent are passive

concessions for the volumersquos lack of focus on traditional archaeological sites

and appear aimed at the archaeologist who is searching for TAESPrsquos

contribution to understanding the Cypriot landscape through the discovery

and analysis of traditional ldquositesrdquo

The authors organize volume 2 into four geographic sections the

plains the Karkotis Valley the Lagoudhera Valley and the mountains They

use this geographic layout to present the ldquorelationship between people and

their landscaperdquo (Given et al 2013 vol 22) Volume 2 primarily functions as

the results and discussion section for Landscape and Interaction as the

authors organize the various types of data (ie survey archaeometallurgical

botanical) to form diachronic conclusions of the TAESP landscape

The plains which encompass the Atsas Mandres and Koutraphas

geographic zones compose the first locale discussed in volume 2 (Given et al

94 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction

2013 vol 26ndash48) This ecological zone contains occupations dating from the

Epipaleolithic to the British colonial period (Given et al 2013 vol 27) Of

note is the Roman farmstead at Vrysi tou Haji Christophi and the Medieval-

Modern villages scattered throughout The Karkotis Valley the second

geographical zone presented exhibits continual occupation for over six

millennia (Given et al 2013 vol 251) This occupational history is in large

part due to the prime agricultural land located within the valley Several

tombs are also present dating from the pre-Bronze Age and Roman periods

within the Karkotis Valley at Laonarka and Pano Limna respectively

Occupation within the Troodos Mountains ecological zone is decidedly

narrower reaching only from the Late Roman period to the Byzantine-

Modern (Given et al 2013 vol 2205) The nature of Roman activity remains

unclear however it is clear that it differs from the farm steading occurring in

the plains ecological zone (Given et al 2013 vol 2211) An extensive

Byzantine-Modern component can be found in the Troodos The Asinou

church and monastery are exquisitely preserved examples of late 11th century

religious architecture that speak to this component (Given et al 2013 vol

2214)

The Lagoudhera Valley was an area of copper mining and extraction

within the survey universe and although smaller than Skouriotissa it

comprises a representative manifestation of the TAESP teamrsquos methodology

and interpretation practices Many of the conclusions drawn from the

Lagoudhera Valley are a product of the authorsrsquo contextualizationmdashie focus

on the off-site rather than the ldquositerdquomdashof the landscape POSIs created

through the ldquoflattening of the hierarchyrdquomdashsuch as the hills noted by survey

teamsmdashas well as artifact presence are used to trace the motion of people

across the landscape (commotion) The authors use these data to give an

interpretive view of the human activity and the social setting surrounding the

extraction of copper and its subsequent impact on the landscape (Given et al

2013 vol 2202) In sum whereas volume 1 details the material culture of the

TAESP survey universe and attempts to address the teamrsquos primary research

goals (eg humanndashlandscape interaction) volume 2 synthesizes the results of

the TAESP survey on an area-by-area basis that address explicit research

questions (eg copper production in the Upper Lagoudhera Valley) while

incorporating the work of interdisciplinary team members

Overall the work produced by Given et al in Landscape and

Interaction contains a wealth of data beneficial to its intended audience of

European and North American archaeologists interested in advancing

archaeology in the eastern Mediterranean basin as well as archaeologists

interested in landscape theory This is greatly enhanced by the publishing of

the TAESP as well as the SCSP data onlinei However the choice of the

Mann 95

TAESP team not to delimit and detail POSIs beyond geographical setting is

problematic ldquoVerbingrdquo humanndashenvironmental interactionmdashie describing

human actions through survey data rather than imposed rigid categories

(Given et al 2013 vol 1344)mdashsolely through artifact presenceabsence

across the landscape seems incomplete without including the context and

nature of ldquositesrdquo or POSIs in greater detail For example the TAESP teamrsquos

decision not to bound or GPS significant features within POSIs does not

allow for comparison study between the POSIs If significant features

differentiate POSIs from other areas of the transect it seems that defining

these spaces through a more traditional concept of ldquositerdquo would offer further

analytical potential Rather than undermining the siteless methodology

detailing the specifics that form within POSIs would provide more avenues

for archaeologists to analyze the data collected While conducting a siteless

survey has its benefits especially in a culturally diffuse landscape the

TAESP authors could strengthen their interpretations through the inclusion of

more POSI detail to allow for greater analysis of variation amongst the

ldquoknotsrdquo that form through commotion

Furthermore regarding the teamrsquos attempt to ldquoflatten the hierarchyrdquo

their employed methods lay the groundwork for further experimentation with

this concept Perhaps something akin to American cultural resource

managementrsquos use of tribal cultural surveys could benefit future research

wherein the goal of the transect is solely to understand sacred landscapes

through an emic perspective This emic approach could have been applied

through greater local participation on the survey itself especially in the case

of the Ottoman-Modern landscape due to its historical continuity with the

current population

Nevertheless the value of Landscape and Interaction is

unmistakable Its data collection strategies are innovative and the breadth of

data collected and published is enormous Regardless of theoretical

orientation the data offer a wealth of information relevant to a wide variety of

research questions ranging from settlement patterns to social archaeology

Attempting to unite processual methods with post-processual interpretation is

a noble cause that deserves further refinement (Bintliff 1996) This is

especially the case with the ideas of commotion collaboration and

conviviality which provide an interesting tool for understanding the enormity

of data collected from the study of humanndashlandscape interaction

Theoretically driven survey seeks to answer broader anthropological

questions and the TAESP survey has made strides in furthering this aim

Overall the volumes are a model of large-scale siteless survey field

methodology within a multi-component landscape and are of use to both

students learning about and archaeologists conducting regional survey

96 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction

Notes

i httpintarchacukjournalissue204pottfindcfm

References

Bintliff John

1996 Interactions of Theory Methodology and Practice Archaeological

Dialogues 3(2)246ndash255

Caraher William

2006 Siteless Survey and Intensive Data Collection in an Artifact-Rich

Environment Case Studies from the Eastern Corinthia Greece

Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 3(2)246ndash255

Fleming Andrew

2006 Post-Processual Landscape Archaeology A Critique Cambridge

Archaeological Journal 16(3)267ndash280

Given Michael

2013 Commotion Collaboration Conviviality Mediterranean Survey and

the Interpretation of Landscape Journal of Mediterranean

Archaeology 26(1)3ndash26

Given Michael and Arthur Bernard Knapp

2003 The Sydney Cyprus Survey Project Social Approaches to Regional

Archaeological Survey Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of

Archaeology

Hodder Ian

1999 The Archaeological Process An Introduction Oxford Blackwell

2000 Developing a Reflexive Method in Archaeology In Towards

Reflexive Method in Archaeology The Example at Ccedilatalhoumlyuumlk Ian

Hodder ed Pp 3ndash14 Cambridge McDonald Institute

Johnson Matthew

1999 Archaeological Theory An Introduction Oxford Blackwell

Tartaron Thomas F

2006 The Eastern Korinthia Archaeological Survey Integrated Methods

for a Dynamic Landscape Hisperia 75(1)435ndash505

Watrous LV Desponia Hadzi-Vallianou and Harriet Blitzer

2004 The Plains of Phaistos Cycles of Social Complexity in the Mesara

Region of Crete Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of Archaeology

  • FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-Frontmatter
  • FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-BookReviews
  • Mann-FN-Vol7(1)-2015-REVIEWS-LandscapeAndInteractionTheTroodosArchaeologicalAndEnvironmentalSurveyProjectCyprusVols1amp2

6 Contributors

Aryn A Klein received her Masterrsquos degree from Texas State UniversityndashSan

Marcos Her areas of interest include forensic anthropology skeletal biology

and skeletal trauma Her current research concerns fracture patterning within

subadult populations

Justin Mann is a second year Masterrsquos student at East Carolina University He

received his BS in anthropology and history from the University of Wisconsinndash

Oshkosh His thesis research focuses on the medieval-Ottoman landscapes of

Cyprus and diachronic ceramic distributions among different villages located

in the Troodos region Additionally Justin maintains interests in Byzantine

archaeology ethnicity in the archaeological record and survey methodology

Liam McGill is an AB candidate at Harvard College who intends to study

anthropology He is currently interested in exploring the intersection of social

and biological anthropology

Liam Murphy is a graduate student at the University of WisconsinndashMilwaukee

He is pursuing a Masterrsquos degree in anthropology alongside a professional

certificate in museum studies Liam is particularly interested in museum

archaeology material culture studies and the history of archaeology His

thesis is investigating 19th century Smithsonian curator Carl Raursquos

contributions to the Smithsonian Institutionrsquos European archaeology

collection

Book Reviews

Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology 7(1)90ndash96 (June 2015) Copyright copy 2015 by Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology

Landscape and Interaction The Troodos

Archaeological and Environmental Survey Project

Cyprus vols 1 amp 2

Michael Given Arthur Bernard Knapp Jay S Noller Luke

Sollars and Vasiliki Kassianidou Oxford The Council for

British Research in the Levant and Oxbow Books 2013 696 pp

ISBN 9781782971870 (vol 1) $9000pound4800 9781782971887 (vol 2) $7600pound3800 Justin Mann East Carolina University

Landscape and Interaction is the culmination of a five-year study in

Cyprus conducted by Michael Given et al that endeavors to combine

regional survey methodology with ideas of landscape theory At the core of

the methodology employed is the framework of commotion collaboration

and conviviality concepts laid out by Given in a concurrently published paper

(Given 20133) In essence these terms refer to the constant movement of

human and natural agents (commotion) how they combine to change the

landscape (collaboration) and how connections between agents on the

landscape are formed (conviviality) Given and associates synthesize these

data from the Troodos Archaeological Environmental Survey Project

(TAESP) into a two-volume set Volume 1 Methodology Analysis amp

Interaction provides the methodological theoretical and raw data framework

for the TAESP survey Volume 2 The TAESP Landscape applies these

methods and data to the survey area while also incorporating historical

records and ethnographic evidence In short volume 1 functions as an

extended introduction to the methods and survey area while volume 2

presents conclusions drawn from the survey data in a geographical manner

The TAESP project is partly an extension of a previous survey the

Sydney Cyprus Survey Project (SCSP) conducted by the authors from 1992ndash

1997 in an adjacent region of northwestern Cyprus (Given and Knapp 2003)

Given et al apply much of the same methodology in both the SCSP survey

and the TAESP survey Rather than searching for sites or focusing on a

particular chronological period the authors use a regional perspective to

understand the interaction between people and the landscape This regional

focus is part of a ldquosecond waverdquo (Given 20135) of theoretically minded large

-scale survey projects throughout the Mediterranean world (Given and Knapp

2003 Tartaron et al 2006 cf Watrous et al 2004)

Mann 91

Volume 1 is divided into six chapters and begins with an informative

introduction providing the historical and archaeological contexts of the survey

area as well as the grouprsquos research aims The reader is introduced to the long

history of Cyprus ranging from the islandrsquos first inhabitants in the

Epipaleolithic to modern-day Cypriot communities In addition the authors

provide the theoretical underpinnings for TAESP in the first chapter

The theoretical framework of the TAESP survey is largely

constructed upon Ian Hodderrsquos (1999 2000) concept of ldquothe siterdquo wherein a

site is a collection of meanings or associations to a past or present group

(Given et al 2013 vol 110) In this mode of thinking the site is moved

beyond a geographically bounded collection of material culture (artifacts) to

an area of human interaction with shifting contexts which the archaeologist

must interpret This interpretation of ldquothe siterdquo goes hand in hand with

Givenrsquos commotion collaboration and conviviality in that data (eg sites

artifacts) are not objective remains that reflect a particular behavior but are

the byproduct of human motion across and interaction with the landscape

This theory drives the way the TAESP team collected data (siteless) and how

they interpreted the data (deciphering human-landscape interaction) As

Johnson states ldquowe [archaeologists] can never confront theory and data in-

stead we see data through a cloud of theoryrdquo (1999102) Commotion collab-

oration and conviviality make up the cloud through which the TAESP team

saw the data

The idea of the siteless survey is not new to Mediterranean survey

as Caraher (2006) has pointed out and this method has been utilized in past

surveys Proponents of this artifact-level data dense style of survey argue that

it more accurately reflects the material landscape of the survey universe The

adherence to a siteless survey methodology is manifested in the TAESP

survey through its hyper-intensive data collection strategies in addition to the

absence of ldquositesrdquo in the more traditional sensemdashie geographically bounded

feature or artifact rich units with excavation potential (eg a tomb) The

TAESP directors reconcile this lack of sites by instead choosing to focus the

survey on the artifact-level as opposed to site-level In doing so extreme

amounts of data were collected to form interpretive conclusions from the

resulting artifact carpets (artifact densities mapped onto the survey universe)

in an attempt to contextualize the landscape

The TAESP team presents the methodology for achieving this

siteless aim in ch 2 Their goal was to produce interdisciplinary and

regionally orientated data sets that project a more accurate representation of

the survey universe Field crews covered an area of 164 km2 performing

pedestrian transects in areas of high archaeological potential using a stratified

sampling method that divided the survey universe into Intensive Survey

92 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction

Zones (ISZs) and extensive zones The ISZs comprising areas of higher

archaeological potential were more frequently transected than the extensive

zones The authors then plot ldquovariation in artifact density function and date

across the entire landscape rather than centering analysis around specific

lsquositesrsquo or lsquodots on the maprsquordquo again rejecting the essentialism of the site

(Given et al 2013 vol 120) Instead Given and associates use the term

Places of Special Interest (POSIs) A POSI which in many ways is what

would normally constitute an archaeological ldquositerdquo is ldquoany location where

there was good reason whether cultural or natural for carrying out more

detailed recordingrdquo (Given et al 2013 vol 126) Architectural remains

including farmsteads mills churches mosques and villages are generally

listed as Places of Special Interest (POSIs) or Building Units (BUs) (Given et

al 2013 vol 1261ndash277) An admirable 30721 ceramic sherds were collected

and analyzed during the course of the survey (Given et al 2013 vol 125)

Specialists also directed crews to collect data on geomorphology

archaeometallurgy and geobotany As a measure of methodological integrity

the TAESP directors initiated a seeding experiment (Given et al 2013 vol

135) to ensure consistency in artifact collection by field crews This addition

of a quality control test aids in establishing the overall effectiveness of

TAESPrsquos field collection methods Overall the tried-and-true transect method

is appropriate and the inclusion of specialty fields (eg paleogeology

paleobotany) help to further the comprehensiveness of the survey

In addition to their siteless methodology Given et al undertake the

task of ldquoflattening the hierarchyrdquo of terrestrial survey (Given et al 2013 vol

111) This ldquoflatteningrdquo seeks to place the job of interpretation into the hands

of all who are walking the landscape The benefit to choosing this method is

imprecise as the opinions of those ldquoencounteringrdquo the landscape in the 21st

century no doubt bear little resemblance to the mindset of those in the 1st

century Landscape and Interaction cites the example of how a field crew

designated two hills as POSIs in spite of the absence of material remains

because of their integral nature to the landscape (Given et al 2013 vol 112)

It is implied that from fieldwalker to director integration was practiced in

interpreting the landscape It is unclear however how impactful this decision

was as analysis was carried out by those in directorate positions This hyper-

interpretative approach as classified by Fleming (2006) seeks to incorporate

an experiential element to the field survey This is much in line with the

surveyrsquos phenomenological approach to landscape analysis

The four main chronological sequences identified on the TAESP

landscape are presented chronologically in ch 3 Prehistoric Iron Age

Hellenistic-Roman and Medieval-Modern For ceramics a distinction is made

between fine-wares and utility wares and their geographical origin is noted

Mann 93

when possible Detailed ceramic lithic and special finds catalogues are

included in this chapter (Given et al 2013 vol 180ndash227) Defining village

or POSI boundaries was not a concern once again in keeping with the

theoretical framework of the survey This method of collection affects

potential analyses for instance conducting a comparative analysis between

features within specific POSIs is difficult due to the lack of detail provided

(outside of artifact assemblages found on transects)

The landscapendashhuman interaction and its influence on the material

culture found within the TAESP survey region is synthesized within chs 5ndash

6 The authors present in chronological order the settlement patterns

communication networks and subsistence strategies of the inhabitants of the

TAESP landscape viewed through the ideas presented in ch 1 (Given et al

2013 vol 1321) This chronology begins with the Epipaleolithic and ends

with the British colonial period Working with a landscape contextualized

through the siteless field methodology the authors focus here on reconciling

processualist-rooted data collection (field and collection methods) with post-

processual interpretation (commotion collaboration and conviviality) The

conclusions drawn are therefore interpreted from the data to understand the

diachronically changing dynamic of humanndashenvironment interaction These

chapters (5ndash6) are the most representative of the TAESP teamrsquos theoretical

framework Inferences are made as to human experience on and interaction

with the landscape This is opposed to the other chapters in volumes 1 and 2

which largely serve to establish methodology and organize data (often

geographically) with arguably less interpretative influence

The authors end volume 1 by offering an array of sites (defined in

the more traditional sense) for further investigation displaying a hope for

work to continue in the region This recommendation as well as the

subsequent declaration that to find sites was not TAESPrsquos intent are passive

concessions for the volumersquos lack of focus on traditional archaeological sites

and appear aimed at the archaeologist who is searching for TAESPrsquos

contribution to understanding the Cypriot landscape through the discovery

and analysis of traditional ldquositesrdquo

The authors organize volume 2 into four geographic sections the

plains the Karkotis Valley the Lagoudhera Valley and the mountains They

use this geographic layout to present the ldquorelationship between people and

their landscaperdquo (Given et al 2013 vol 22) Volume 2 primarily functions as

the results and discussion section for Landscape and Interaction as the

authors organize the various types of data (ie survey archaeometallurgical

botanical) to form diachronic conclusions of the TAESP landscape

The plains which encompass the Atsas Mandres and Koutraphas

geographic zones compose the first locale discussed in volume 2 (Given et al

94 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction

2013 vol 26ndash48) This ecological zone contains occupations dating from the

Epipaleolithic to the British colonial period (Given et al 2013 vol 27) Of

note is the Roman farmstead at Vrysi tou Haji Christophi and the Medieval-

Modern villages scattered throughout The Karkotis Valley the second

geographical zone presented exhibits continual occupation for over six

millennia (Given et al 2013 vol 251) This occupational history is in large

part due to the prime agricultural land located within the valley Several

tombs are also present dating from the pre-Bronze Age and Roman periods

within the Karkotis Valley at Laonarka and Pano Limna respectively

Occupation within the Troodos Mountains ecological zone is decidedly

narrower reaching only from the Late Roman period to the Byzantine-

Modern (Given et al 2013 vol 2205) The nature of Roman activity remains

unclear however it is clear that it differs from the farm steading occurring in

the plains ecological zone (Given et al 2013 vol 2211) An extensive

Byzantine-Modern component can be found in the Troodos The Asinou

church and monastery are exquisitely preserved examples of late 11th century

religious architecture that speak to this component (Given et al 2013 vol

2214)

The Lagoudhera Valley was an area of copper mining and extraction

within the survey universe and although smaller than Skouriotissa it

comprises a representative manifestation of the TAESP teamrsquos methodology

and interpretation practices Many of the conclusions drawn from the

Lagoudhera Valley are a product of the authorsrsquo contextualizationmdashie focus

on the off-site rather than the ldquositerdquomdashof the landscape POSIs created

through the ldquoflattening of the hierarchyrdquomdashsuch as the hills noted by survey

teamsmdashas well as artifact presence are used to trace the motion of people

across the landscape (commotion) The authors use these data to give an

interpretive view of the human activity and the social setting surrounding the

extraction of copper and its subsequent impact on the landscape (Given et al

2013 vol 2202) In sum whereas volume 1 details the material culture of the

TAESP survey universe and attempts to address the teamrsquos primary research

goals (eg humanndashlandscape interaction) volume 2 synthesizes the results of

the TAESP survey on an area-by-area basis that address explicit research

questions (eg copper production in the Upper Lagoudhera Valley) while

incorporating the work of interdisciplinary team members

Overall the work produced by Given et al in Landscape and

Interaction contains a wealth of data beneficial to its intended audience of

European and North American archaeologists interested in advancing

archaeology in the eastern Mediterranean basin as well as archaeologists

interested in landscape theory This is greatly enhanced by the publishing of

the TAESP as well as the SCSP data onlinei However the choice of the

Mann 95

TAESP team not to delimit and detail POSIs beyond geographical setting is

problematic ldquoVerbingrdquo humanndashenvironmental interactionmdashie describing

human actions through survey data rather than imposed rigid categories

(Given et al 2013 vol 1344)mdashsolely through artifact presenceabsence

across the landscape seems incomplete without including the context and

nature of ldquositesrdquo or POSIs in greater detail For example the TAESP teamrsquos

decision not to bound or GPS significant features within POSIs does not

allow for comparison study between the POSIs If significant features

differentiate POSIs from other areas of the transect it seems that defining

these spaces through a more traditional concept of ldquositerdquo would offer further

analytical potential Rather than undermining the siteless methodology

detailing the specifics that form within POSIs would provide more avenues

for archaeologists to analyze the data collected While conducting a siteless

survey has its benefits especially in a culturally diffuse landscape the

TAESP authors could strengthen their interpretations through the inclusion of

more POSI detail to allow for greater analysis of variation amongst the

ldquoknotsrdquo that form through commotion

Furthermore regarding the teamrsquos attempt to ldquoflatten the hierarchyrdquo

their employed methods lay the groundwork for further experimentation with

this concept Perhaps something akin to American cultural resource

managementrsquos use of tribal cultural surveys could benefit future research

wherein the goal of the transect is solely to understand sacred landscapes

through an emic perspective This emic approach could have been applied

through greater local participation on the survey itself especially in the case

of the Ottoman-Modern landscape due to its historical continuity with the

current population

Nevertheless the value of Landscape and Interaction is

unmistakable Its data collection strategies are innovative and the breadth of

data collected and published is enormous Regardless of theoretical

orientation the data offer a wealth of information relevant to a wide variety of

research questions ranging from settlement patterns to social archaeology

Attempting to unite processual methods with post-processual interpretation is

a noble cause that deserves further refinement (Bintliff 1996) This is

especially the case with the ideas of commotion collaboration and

conviviality which provide an interesting tool for understanding the enormity

of data collected from the study of humanndashlandscape interaction

Theoretically driven survey seeks to answer broader anthropological

questions and the TAESP survey has made strides in furthering this aim

Overall the volumes are a model of large-scale siteless survey field

methodology within a multi-component landscape and are of use to both

students learning about and archaeologists conducting regional survey

96 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction

Notes

i httpintarchacukjournalissue204pottfindcfm

References

Bintliff John

1996 Interactions of Theory Methodology and Practice Archaeological

Dialogues 3(2)246ndash255

Caraher William

2006 Siteless Survey and Intensive Data Collection in an Artifact-Rich

Environment Case Studies from the Eastern Corinthia Greece

Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 3(2)246ndash255

Fleming Andrew

2006 Post-Processual Landscape Archaeology A Critique Cambridge

Archaeological Journal 16(3)267ndash280

Given Michael

2013 Commotion Collaboration Conviviality Mediterranean Survey and

the Interpretation of Landscape Journal of Mediterranean

Archaeology 26(1)3ndash26

Given Michael and Arthur Bernard Knapp

2003 The Sydney Cyprus Survey Project Social Approaches to Regional

Archaeological Survey Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of

Archaeology

Hodder Ian

1999 The Archaeological Process An Introduction Oxford Blackwell

2000 Developing a Reflexive Method in Archaeology In Towards

Reflexive Method in Archaeology The Example at Ccedilatalhoumlyuumlk Ian

Hodder ed Pp 3ndash14 Cambridge McDonald Institute

Johnson Matthew

1999 Archaeological Theory An Introduction Oxford Blackwell

Tartaron Thomas F

2006 The Eastern Korinthia Archaeological Survey Integrated Methods

for a Dynamic Landscape Hisperia 75(1)435ndash505

Watrous LV Desponia Hadzi-Vallianou and Harriet Blitzer

2004 The Plains of Phaistos Cycles of Social Complexity in the Mesara

Region of Crete Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of Archaeology

  • FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-Frontmatter
  • FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-BookReviews
  • Mann-FN-Vol7(1)-2015-REVIEWS-LandscapeAndInteractionTheTroodosArchaeologicalAndEnvironmentalSurveyProjectCyprusVols1amp2

Book Reviews

Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology 7(1)90ndash96 (June 2015) Copyright copy 2015 by Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology

Landscape and Interaction The Troodos

Archaeological and Environmental Survey Project

Cyprus vols 1 amp 2

Michael Given Arthur Bernard Knapp Jay S Noller Luke

Sollars and Vasiliki Kassianidou Oxford The Council for

British Research in the Levant and Oxbow Books 2013 696 pp

ISBN 9781782971870 (vol 1) $9000pound4800 9781782971887 (vol 2) $7600pound3800 Justin Mann East Carolina University

Landscape and Interaction is the culmination of a five-year study in

Cyprus conducted by Michael Given et al that endeavors to combine

regional survey methodology with ideas of landscape theory At the core of

the methodology employed is the framework of commotion collaboration

and conviviality concepts laid out by Given in a concurrently published paper

(Given 20133) In essence these terms refer to the constant movement of

human and natural agents (commotion) how they combine to change the

landscape (collaboration) and how connections between agents on the

landscape are formed (conviviality) Given and associates synthesize these

data from the Troodos Archaeological Environmental Survey Project

(TAESP) into a two-volume set Volume 1 Methodology Analysis amp

Interaction provides the methodological theoretical and raw data framework

for the TAESP survey Volume 2 The TAESP Landscape applies these

methods and data to the survey area while also incorporating historical

records and ethnographic evidence In short volume 1 functions as an

extended introduction to the methods and survey area while volume 2

presents conclusions drawn from the survey data in a geographical manner

The TAESP project is partly an extension of a previous survey the

Sydney Cyprus Survey Project (SCSP) conducted by the authors from 1992ndash

1997 in an adjacent region of northwestern Cyprus (Given and Knapp 2003)

Given et al apply much of the same methodology in both the SCSP survey

and the TAESP survey Rather than searching for sites or focusing on a

particular chronological period the authors use a regional perspective to

understand the interaction between people and the landscape This regional

focus is part of a ldquosecond waverdquo (Given 20135) of theoretically minded large

-scale survey projects throughout the Mediterranean world (Given and Knapp

2003 Tartaron et al 2006 cf Watrous et al 2004)

Mann 91

Volume 1 is divided into six chapters and begins with an informative

introduction providing the historical and archaeological contexts of the survey

area as well as the grouprsquos research aims The reader is introduced to the long

history of Cyprus ranging from the islandrsquos first inhabitants in the

Epipaleolithic to modern-day Cypriot communities In addition the authors

provide the theoretical underpinnings for TAESP in the first chapter

The theoretical framework of the TAESP survey is largely

constructed upon Ian Hodderrsquos (1999 2000) concept of ldquothe siterdquo wherein a

site is a collection of meanings or associations to a past or present group

(Given et al 2013 vol 110) In this mode of thinking the site is moved

beyond a geographically bounded collection of material culture (artifacts) to

an area of human interaction with shifting contexts which the archaeologist

must interpret This interpretation of ldquothe siterdquo goes hand in hand with

Givenrsquos commotion collaboration and conviviality in that data (eg sites

artifacts) are not objective remains that reflect a particular behavior but are

the byproduct of human motion across and interaction with the landscape

This theory drives the way the TAESP team collected data (siteless) and how

they interpreted the data (deciphering human-landscape interaction) As

Johnson states ldquowe [archaeologists] can never confront theory and data in-

stead we see data through a cloud of theoryrdquo (1999102) Commotion collab-

oration and conviviality make up the cloud through which the TAESP team

saw the data

The idea of the siteless survey is not new to Mediterranean survey

as Caraher (2006) has pointed out and this method has been utilized in past

surveys Proponents of this artifact-level data dense style of survey argue that

it more accurately reflects the material landscape of the survey universe The

adherence to a siteless survey methodology is manifested in the TAESP

survey through its hyper-intensive data collection strategies in addition to the

absence of ldquositesrdquo in the more traditional sensemdashie geographically bounded

feature or artifact rich units with excavation potential (eg a tomb) The

TAESP directors reconcile this lack of sites by instead choosing to focus the

survey on the artifact-level as opposed to site-level In doing so extreme

amounts of data were collected to form interpretive conclusions from the

resulting artifact carpets (artifact densities mapped onto the survey universe)

in an attempt to contextualize the landscape

The TAESP team presents the methodology for achieving this

siteless aim in ch 2 Their goal was to produce interdisciplinary and

regionally orientated data sets that project a more accurate representation of

the survey universe Field crews covered an area of 164 km2 performing

pedestrian transects in areas of high archaeological potential using a stratified

sampling method that divided the survey universe into Intensive Survey

92 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction

Zones (ISZs) and extensive zones The ISZs comprising areas of higher

archaeological potential were more frequently transected than the extensive

zones The authors then plot ldquovariation in artifact density function and date

across the entire landscape rather than centering analysis around specific

lsquositesrsquo or lsquodots on the maprsquordquo again rejecting the essentialism of the site

(Given et al 2013 vol 120) Instead Given and associates use the term

Places of Special Interest (POSIs) A POSI which in many ways is what

would normally constitute an archaeological ldquositerdquo is ldquoany location where

there was good reason whether cultural or natural for carrying out more

detailed recordingrdquo (Given et al 2013 vol 126) Architectural remains

including farmsteads mills churches mosques and villages are generally

listed as Places of Special Interest (POSIs) or Building Units (BUs) (Given et

al 2013 vol 1261ndash277) An admirable 30721 ceramic sherds were collected

and analyzed during the course of the survey (Given et al 2013 vol 125)

Specialists also directed crews to collect data on geomorphology

archaeometallurgy and geobotany As a measure of methodological integrity

the TAESP directors initiated a seeding experiment (Given et al 2013 vol

135) to ensure consistency in artifact collection by field crews This addition

of a quality control test aids in establishing the overall effectiveness of

TAESPrsquos field collection methods Overall the tried-and-true transect method

is appropriate and the inclusion of specialty fields (eg paleogeology

paleobotany) help to further the comprehensiveness of the survey

In addition to their siteless methodology Given et al undertake the

task of ldquoflattening the hierarchyrdquo of terrestrial survey (Given et al 2013 vol

111) This ldquoflatteningrdquo seeks to place the job of interpretation into the hands

of all who are walking the landscape The benefit to choosing this method is

imprecise as the opinions of those ldquoencounteringrdquo the landscape in the 21st

century no doubt bear little resemblance to the mindset of those in the 1st

century Landscape and Interaction cites the example of how a field crew

designated two hills as POSIs in spite of the absence of material remains

because of their integral nature to the landscape (Given et al 2013 vol 112)

It is implied that from fieldwalker to director integration was practiced in

interpreting the landscape It is unclear however how impactful this decision

was as analysis was carried out by those in directorate positions This hyper-

interpretative approach as classified by Fleming (2006) seeks to incorporate

an experiential element to the field survey This is much in line with the

surveyrsquos phenomenological approach to landscape analysis

The four main chronological sequences identified on the TAESP

landscape are presented chronologically in ch 3 Prehistoric Iron Age

Hellenistic-Roman and Medieval-Modern For ceramics a distinction is made

between fine-wares and utility wares and their geographical origin is noted

Mann 93

when possible Detailed ceramic lithic and special finds catalogues are

included in this chapter (Given et al 2013 vol 180ndash227) Defining village

or POSI boundaries was not a concern once again in keeping with the

theoretical framework of the survey This method of collection affects

potential analyses for instance conducting a comparative analysis between

features within specific POSIs is difficult due to the lack of detail provided

(outside of artifact assemblages found on transects)

The landscapendashhuman interaction and its influence on the material

culture found within the TAESP survey region is synthesized within chs 5ndash

6 The authors present in chronological order the settlement patterns

communication networks and subsistence strategies of the inhabitants of the

TAESP landscape viewed through the ideas presented in ch 1 (Given et al

2013 vol 1321) This chronology begins with the Epipaleolithic and ends

with the British colonial period Working with a landscape contextualized

through the siteless field methodology the authors focus here on reconciling

processualist-rooted data collection (field and collection methods) with post-

processual interpretation (commotion collaboration and conviviality) The

conclusions drawn are therefore interpreted from the data to understand the

diachronically changing dynamic of humanndashenvironment interaction These

chapters (5ndash6) are the most representative of the TAESP teamrsquos theoretical

framework Inferences are made as to human experience on and interaction

with the landscape This is opposed to the other chapters in volumes 1 and 2

which largely serve to establish methodology and organize data (often

geographically) with arguably less interpretative influence

The authors end volume 1 by offering an array of sites (defined in

the more traditional sense) for further investigation displaying a hope for

work to continue in the region This recommendation as well as the

subsequent declaration that to find sites was not TAESPrsquos intent are passive

concessions for the volumersquos lack of focus on traditional archaeological sites

and appear aimed at the archaeologist who is searching for TAESPrsquos

contribution to understanding the Cypriot landscape through the discovery

and analysis of traditional ldquositesrdquo

The authors organize volume 2 into four geographic sections the

plains the Karkotis Valley the Lagoudhera Valley and the mountains They

use this geographic layout to present the ldquorelationship between people and

their landscaperdquo (Given et al 2013 vol 22) Volume 2 primarily functions as

the results and discussion section for Landscape and Interaction as the

authors organize the various types of data (ie survey archaeometallurgical

botanical) to form diachronic conclusions of the TAESP landscape

The plains which encompass the Atsas Mandres and Koutraphas

geographic zones compose the first locale discussed in volume 2 (Given et al

94 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction

2013 vol 26ndash48) This ecological zone contains occupations dating from the

Epipaleolithic to the British colonial period (Given et al 2013 vol 27) Of

note is the Roman farmstead at Vrysi tou Haji Christophi and the Medieval-

Modern villages scattered throughout The Karkotis Valley the second

geographical zone presented exhibits continual occupation for over six

millennia (Given et al 2013 vol 251) This occupational history is in large

part due to the prime agricultural land located within the valley Several

tombs are also present dating from the pre-Bronze Age and Roman periods

within the Karkotis Valley at Laonarka and Pano Limna respectively

Occupation within the Troodos Mountains ecological zone is decidedly

narrower reaching only from the Late Roman period to the Byzantine-

Modern (Given et al 2013 vol 2205) The nature of Roman activity remains

unclear however it is clear that it differs from the farm steading occurring in

the plains ecological zone (Given et al 2013 vol 2211) An extensive

Byzantine-Modern component can be found in the Troodos The Asinou

church and monastery are exquisitely preserved examples of late 11th century

religious architecture that speak to this component (Given et al 2013 vol

2214)

The Lagoudhera Valley was an area of copper mining and extraction

within the survey universe and although smaller than Skouriotissa it

comprises a representative manifestation of the TAESP teamrsquos methodology

and interpretation practices Many of the conclusions drawn from the

Lagoudhera Valley are a product of the authorsrsquo contextualizationmdashie focus

on the off-site rather than the ldquositerdquomdashof the landscape POSIs created

through the ldquoflattening of the hierarchyrdquomdashsuch as the hills noted by survey

teamsmdashas well as artifact presence are used to trace the motion of people

across the landscape (commotion) The authors use these data to give an

interpretive view of the human activity and the social setting surrounding the

extraction of copper and its subsequent impact on the landscape (Given et al

2013 vol 2202) In sum whereas volume 1 details the material culture of the

TAESP survey universe and attempts to address the teamrsquos primary research

goals (eg humanndashlandscape interaction) volume 2 synthesizes the results of

the TAESP survey on an area-by-area basis that address explicit research

questions (eg copper production in the Upper Lagoudhera Valley) while

incorporating the work of interdisciplinary team members

Overall the work produced by Given et al in Landscape and

Interaction contains a wealth of data beneficial to its intended audience of

European and North American archaeologists interested in advancing

archaeology in the eastern Mediterranean basin as well as archaeologists

interested in landscape theory This is greatly enhanced by the publishing of

the TAESP as well as the SCSP data onlinei However the choice of the

Mann 95

TAESP team not to delimit and detail POSIs beyond geographical setting is

problematic ldquoVerbingrdquo humanndashenvironmental interactionmdashie describing

human actions through survey data rather than imposed rigid categories

(Given et al 2013 vol 1344)mdashsolely through artifact presenceabsence

across the landscape seems incomplete without including the context and

nature of ldquositesrdquo or POSIs in greater detail For example the TAESP teamrsquos

decision not to bound or GPS significant features within POSIs does not

allow for comparison study between the POSIs If significant features

differentiate POSIs from other areas of the transect it seems that defining

these spaces through a more traditional concept of ldquositerdquo would offer further

analytical potential Rather than undermining the siteless methodology

detailing the specifics that form within POSIs would provide more avenues

for archaeologists to analyze the data collected While conducting a siteless

survey has its benefits especially in a culturally diffuse landscape the

TAESP authors could strengthen their interpretations through the inclusion of

more POSI detail to allow for greater analysis of variation amongst the

ldquoknotsrdquo that form through commotion

Furthermore regarding the teamrsquos attempt to ldquoflatten the hierarchyrdquo

their employed methods lay the groundwork for further experimentation with

this concept Perhaps something akin to American cultural resource

managementrsquos use of tribal cultural surveys could benefit future research

wherein the goal of the transect is solely to understand sacred landscapes

through an emic perspective This emic approach could have been applied

through greater local participation on the survey itself especially in the case

of the Ottoman-Modern landscape due to its historical continuity with the

current population

Nevertheless the value of Landscape and Interaction is

unmistakable Its data collection strategies are innovative and the breadth of

data collected and published is enormous Regardless of theoretical

orientation the data offer a wealth of information relevant to a wide variety of

research questions ranging from settlement patterns to social archaeology

Attempting to unite processual methods with post-processual interpretation is

a noble cause that deserves further refinement (Bintliff 1996) This is

especially the case with the ideas of commotion collaboration and

conviviality which provide an interesting tool for understanding the enormity

of data collected from the study of humanndashlandscape interaction

Theoretically driven survey seeks to answer broader anthropological

questions and the TAESP survey has made strides in furthering this aim

Overall the volumes are a model of large-scale siteless survey field

methodology within a multi-component landscape and are of use to both

students learning about and archaeologists conducting regional survey

96 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction

Notes

i httpintarchacukjournalissue204pottfindcfm

References

Bintliff John

1996 Interactions of Theory Methodology and Practice Archaeological

Dialogues 3(2)246ndash255

Caraher William

2006 Siteless Survey and Intensive Data Collection in an Artifact-Rich

Environment Case Studies from the Eastern Corinthia Greece

Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 3(2)246ndash255

Fleming Andrew

2006 Post-Processual Landscape Archaeology A Critique Cambridge

Archaeological Journal 16(3)267ndash280

Given Michael

2013 Commotion Collaboration Conviviality Mediterranean Survey and

the Interpretation of Landscape Journal of Mediterranean

Archaeology 26(1)3ndash26

Given Michael and Arthur Bernard Knapp

2003 The Sydney Cyprus Survey Project Social Approaches to Regional

Archaeological Survey Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of

Archaeology

Hodder Ian

1999 The Archaeological Process An Introduction Oxford Blackwell

2000 Developing a Reflexive Method in Archaeology In Towards

Reflexive Method in Archaeology The Example at Ccedilatalhoumlyuumlk Ian

Hodder ed Pp 3ndash14 Cambridge McDonald Institute

Johnson Matthew

1999 Archaeological Theory An Introduction Oxford Blackwell

Tartaron Thomas F

2006 The Eastern Korinthia Archaeological Survey Integrated Methods

for a Dynamic Landscape Hisperia 75(1)435ndash505

Watrous LV Desponia Hadzi-Vallianou and Harriet Blitzer

2004 The Plains of Phaistos Cycles of Social Complexity in the Mesara

Region of Crete Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of Archaeology

  • FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-Frontmatter
  • FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-BookReviews
  • Mann-FN-Vol7(1)-2015-REVIEWS-LandscapeAndInteractionTheTroodosArchaeologicalAndEnvironmentalSurveyProjectCyprusVols1amp2

Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology 7(1)90ndash96 (June 2015) Copyright copy 2015 by Field Notes A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology

Landscape and Interaction The Troodos

Archaeological and Environmental Survey Project

Cyprus vols 1 amp 2

Michael Given Arthur Bernard Knapp Jay S Noller Luke

Sollars and Vasiliki Kassianidou Oxford The Council for

British Research in the Levant and Oxbow Books 2013 696 pp

ISBN 9781782971870 (vol 1) $9000pound4800 9781782971887 (vol 2) $7600pound3800 Justin Mann East Carolina University

Landscape and Interaction is the culmination of a five-year study in

Cyprus conducted by Michael Given et al that endeavors to combine

regional survey methodology with ideas of landscape theory At the core of

the methodology employed is the framework of commotion collaboration

and conviviality concepts laid out by Given in a concurrently published paper

(Given 20133) In essence these terms refer to the constant movement of

human and natural agents (commotion) how they combine to change the

landscape (collaboration) and how connections between agents on the

landscape are formed (conviviality) Given and associates synthesize these

data from the Troodos Archaeological Environmental Survey Project

(TAESP) into a two-volume set Volume 1 Methodology Analysis amp

Interaction provides the methodological theoretical and raw data framework

for the TAESP survey Volume 2 The TAESP Landscape applies these

methods and data to the survey area while also incorporating historical

records and ethnographic evidence In short volume 1 functions as an

extended introduction to the methods and survey area while volume 2

presents conclusions drawn from the survey data in a geographical manner

The TAESP project is partly an extension of a previous survey the

Sydney Cyprus Survey Project (SCSP) conducted by the authors from 1992ndash

1997 in an adjacent region of northwestern Cyprus (Given and Knapp 2003)

Given et al apply much of the same methodology in both the SCSP survey

and the TAESP survey Rather than searching for sites or focusing on a

particular chronological period the authors use a regional perspective to

understand the interaction between people and the landscape This regional

focus is part of a ldquosecond waverdquo (Given 20135) of theoretically minded large

-scale survey projects throughout the Mediterranean world (Given and Knapp

2003 Tartaron et al 2006 cf Watrous et al 2004)

Mann 91

Volume 1 is divided into six chapters and begins with an informative

introduction providing the historical and archaeological contexts of the survey

area as well as the grouprsquos research aims The reader is introduced to the long

history of Cyprus ranging from the islandrsquos first inhabitants in the

Epipaleolithic to modern-day Cypriot communities In addition the authors

provide the theoretical underpinnings for TAESP in the first chapter

The theoretical framework of the TAESP survey is largely

constructed upon Ian Hodderrsquos (1999 2000) concept of ldquothe siterdquo wherein a

site is a collection of meanings or associations to a past or present group

(Given et al 2013 vol 110) In this mode of thinking the site is moved

beyond a geographically bounded collection of material culture (artifacts) to

an area of human interaction with shifting contexts which the archaeologist

must interpret This interpretation of ldquothe siterdquo goes hand in hand with

Givenrsquos commotion collaboration and conviviality in that data (eg sites

artifacts) are not objective remains that reflect a particular behavior but are

the byproduct of human motion across and interaction with the landscape

This theory drives the way the TAESP team collected data (siteless) and how

they interpreted the data (deciphering human-landscape interaction) As

Johnson states ldquowe [archaeologists] can never confront theory and data in-

stead we see data through a cloud of theoryrdquo (1999102) Commotion collab-

oration and conviviality make up the cloud through which the TAESP team

saw the data

The idea of the siteless survey is not new to Mediterranean survey

as Caraher (2006) has pointed out and this method has been utilized in past

surveys Proponents of this artifact-level data dense style of survey argue that

it more accurately reflects the material landscape of the survey universe The

adherence to a siteless survey methodology is manifested in the TAESP

survey through its hyper-intensive data collection strategies in addition to the

absence of ldquositesrdquo in the more traditional sensemdashie geographically bounded

feature or artifact rich units with excavation potential (eg a tomb) The

TAESP directors reconcile this lack of sites by instead choosing to focus the

survey on the artifact-level as opposed to site-level In doing so extreme

amounts of data were collected to form interpretive conclusions from the

resulting artifact carpets (artifact densities mapped onto the survey universe)

in an attempt to contextualize the landscape

The TAESP team presents the methodology for achieving this

siteless aim in ch 2 Their goal was to produce interdisciplinary and

regionally orientated data sets that project a more accurate representation of

the survey universe Field crews covered an area of 164 km2 performing

pedestrian transects in areas of high archaeological potential using a stratified

sampling method that divided the survey universe into Intensive Survey

92 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction

Zones (ISZs) and extensive zones The ISZs comprising areas of higher

archaeological potential were more frequently transected than the extensive

zones The authors then plot ldquovariation in artifact density function and date

across the entire landscape rather than centering analysis around specific

lsquositesrsquo or lsquodots on the maprsquordquo again rejecting the essentialism of the site

(Given et al 2013 vol 120) Instead Given and associates use the term

Places of Special Interest (POSIs) A POSI which in many ways is what

would normally constitute an archaeological ldquositerdquo is ldquoany location where

there was good reason whether cultural or natural for carrying out more

detailed recordingrdquo (Given et al 2013 vol 126) Architectural remains

including farmsteads mills churches mosques and villages are generally

listed as Places of Special Interest (POSIs) or Building Units (BUs) (Given et

al 2013 vol 1261ndash277) An admirable 30721 ceramic sherds were collected

and analyzed during the course of the survey (Given et al 2013 vol 125)

Specialists also directed crews to collect data on geomorphology

archaeometallurgy and geobotany As a measure of methodological integrity

the TAESP directors initiated a seeding experiment (Given et al 2013 vol

135) to ensure consistency in artifact collection by field crews This addition

of a quality control test aids in establishing the overall effectiveness of

TAESPrsquos field collection methods Overall the tried-and-true transect method

is appropriate and the inclusion of specialty fields (eg paleogeology

paleobotany) help to further the comprehensiveness of the survey

In addition to their siteless methodology Given et al undertake the

task of ldquoflattening the hierarchyrdquo of terrestrial survey (Given et al 2013 vol

111) This ldquoflatteningrdquo seeks to place the job of interpretation into the hands

of all who are walking the landscape The benefit to choosing this method is

imprecise as the opinions of those ldquoencounteringrdquo the landscape in the 21st

century no doubt bear little resemblance to the mindset of those in the 1st

century Landscape and Interaction cites the example of how a field crew

designated two hills as POSIs in spite of the absence of material remains

because of their integral nature to the landscape (Given et al 2013 vol 112)

It is implied that from fieldwalker to director integration was practiced in

interpreting the landscape It is unclear however how impactful this decision

was as analysis was carried out by those in directorate positions This hyper-

interpretative approach as classified by Fleming (2006) seeks to incorporate

an experiential element to the field survey This is much in line with the

surveyrsquos phenomenological approach to landscape analysis

The four main chronological sequences identified on the TAESP

landscape are presented chronologically in ch 3 Prehistoric Iron Age

Hellenistic-Roman and Medieval-Modern For ceramics a distinction is made

between fine-wares and utility wares and their geographical origin is noted

Mann 93

when possible Detailed ceramic lithic and special finds catalogues are

included in this chapter (Given et al 2013 vol 180ndash227) Defining village

or POSI boundaries was not a concern once again in keeping with the

theoretical framework of the survey This method of collection affects

potential analyses for instance conducting a comparative analysis between

features within specific POSIs is difficult due to the lack of detail provided

(outside of artifact assemblages found on transects)

The landscapendashhuman interaction and its influence on the material

culture found within the TAESP survey region is synthesized within chs 5ndash

6 The authors present in chronological order the settlement patterns

communication networks and subsistence strategies of the inhabitants of the

TAESP landscape viewed through the ideas presented in ch 1 (Given et al

2013 vol 1321) This chronology begins with the Epipaleolithic and ends

with the British colonial period Working with a landscape contextualized

through the siteless field methodology the authors focus here on reconciling

processualist-rooted data collection (field and collection methods) with post-

processual interpretation (commotion collaboration and conviviality) The

conclusions drawn are therefore interpreted from the data to understand the

diachronically changing dynamic of humanndashenvironment interaction These

chapters (5ndash6) are the most representative of the TAESP teamrsquos theoretical

framework Inferences are made as to human experience on and interaction

with the landscape This is opposed to the other chapters in volumes 1 and 2

which largely serve to establish methodology and organize data (often

geographically) with arguably less interpretative influence

The authors end volume 1 by offering an array of sites (defined in

the more traditional sense) for further investigation displaying a hope for

work to continue in the region This recommendation as well as the

subsequent declaration that to find sites was not TAESPrsquos intent are passive

concessions for the volumersquos lack of focus on traditional archaeological sites

and appear aimed at the archaeologist who is searching for TAESPrsquos

contribution to understanding the Cypriot landscape through the discovery

and analysis of traditional ldquositesrdquo

The authors organize volume 2 into four geographic sections the

plains the Karkotis Valley the Lagoudhera Valley and the mountains They

use this geographic layout to present the ldquorelationship between people and

their landscaperdquo (Given et al 2013 vol 22) Volume 2 primarily functions as

the results and discussion section for Landscape and Interaction as the

authors organize the various types of data (ie survey archaeometallurgical

botanical) to form diachronic conclusions of the TAESP landscape

The plains which encompass the Atsas Mandres and Koutraphas

geographic zones compose the first locale discussed in volume 2 (Given et al

94 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction

2013 vol 26ndash48) This ecological zone contains occupations dating from the

Epipaleolithic to the British colonial period (Given et al 2013 vol 27) Of

note is the Roman farmstead at Vrysi tou Haji Christophi and the Medieval-

Modern villages scattered throughout The Karkotis Valley the second

geographical zone presented exhibits continual occupation for over six

millennia (Given et al 2013 vol 251) This occupational history is in large

part due to the prime agricultural land located within the valley Several

tombs are also present dating from the pre-Bronze Age and Roman periods

within the Karkotis Valley at Laonarka and Pano Limna respectively

Occupation within the Troodos Mountains ecological zone is decidedly

narrower reaching only from the Late Roman period to the Byzantine-

Modern (Given et al 2013 vol 2205) The nature of Roman activity remains

unclear however it is clear that it differs from the farm steading occurring in

the plains ecological zone (Given et al 2013 vol 2211) An extensive

Byzantine-Modern component can be found in the Troodos The Asinou

church and monastery are exquisitely preserved examples of late 11th century

religious architecture that speak to this component (Given et al 2013 vol

2214)

The Lagoudhera Valley was an area of copper mining and extraction

within the survey universe and although smaller than Skouriotissa it

comprises a representative manifestation of the TAESP teamrsquos methodology

and interpretation practices Many of the conclusions drawn from the

Lagoudhera Valley are a product of the authorsrsquo contextualizationmdashie focus

on the off-site rather than the ldquositerdquomdashof the landscape POSIs created

through the ldquoflattening of the hierarchyrdquomdashsuch as the hills noted by survey

teamsmdashas well as artifact presence are used to trace the motion of people

across the landscape (commotion) The authors use these data to give an

interpretive view of the human activity and the social setting surrounding the

extraction of copper and its subsequent impact on the landscape (Given et al

2013 vol 2202) In sum whereas volume 1 details the material culture of the

TAESP survey universe and attempts to address the teamrsquos primary research

goals (eg humanndashlandscape interaction) volume 2 synthesizes the results of

the TAESP survey on an area-by-area basis that address explicit research

questions (eg copper production in the Upper Lagoudhera Valley) while

incorporating the work of interdisciplinary team members

Overall the work produced by Given et al in Landscape and

Interaction contains a wealth of data beneficial to its intended audience of

European and North American archaeologists interested in advancing

archaeology in the eastern Mediterranean basin as well as archaeologists

interested in landscape theory This is greatly enhanced by the publishing of

the TAESP as well as the SCSP data onlinei However the choice of the

Mann 95

TAESP team not to delimit and detail POSIs beyond geographical setting is

problematic ldquoVerbingrdquo humanndashenvironmental interactionmdashie describing

human actions through survey data rather than imposed rigid categories

(Given et al 2013 vol 1344)mdashsolely through artifact presenceabsence

across the landscape seems incomplete without including the context and

nature of ldquositesrdquo or POSIs in greater detail For example the TAESP teamrsquos

decision not to bound or GPS significant features within POSIs does not

allow for comparison study between the POSIs If significant features

differentiate POSIs from other areas of the transect it seems that defining

these spaces through a more traditional concept of ldquositerdquo would offer further

analytical potential Rather than undermining the siteless methodology

detailing the specifics that form within POSIs would provide more avenues

for archaeologists to analyze the data collected While conducting a siteless

survey has its benefits especially in a culturally diffuse landscape the

TAESP authors could strengthen their interpretations through the inclusion of

more POSI detail to allow for greater analysis of variation amongst the

ldquoknotsrdquo that form through commotion

Furthermore regarding the teamrsquos attempt to ldquoflatten the hierarchyrdquo

their employed methods lay the groundwork for further experimentation with

this concept Perhaps something akin to American cultural resource

managementrsquos use of tribal cultural surveys could benefit future research

wherein the goal of the transect is solely to understand sacred landscapes

through an emic perspective This emic approach could have been applied

through greater local participation on the survey itself especially in the case

of the Ottoman-Modern landscape due to its historical continuity with the

current population

Nevertheless the value of Landscape and Interaction is

unmistakable Its data collection strategies are innovative and the breadth of

data collected and published is enormous Regardless of theoretical

orientation the data offer a wealth of information relevant to a wide variety of

research questions ranging from settlement patterns to social archaeology

Attempting to unite processual methods with post-processual interpretation is

a noble cause that deserves further refinement (Bintliff 1996) This is

especially the case with the ideas of commotion collaboration and

conviviality which provide an interesting tool for understanding the enormity

of data collected from the study of humanndashlandscape interaction

Theoretically driven survey seeks to answer broader anthropological

questions and the TAESP survey has made strides in furthering this aim

Overall the volumes are a model of large-scale siteless survey field

methodology within a multi-component landscape and are of use to both

students learning about and archaeologists conducting regional survey

96 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction

Notes

i httpintarchacukjournalissue204pottfindcfm

References

Bintliff John

1996 Interactions of Theory Methodology and Practice Archaeological

Dialogues 3(2)246ndash255

Caraher William

2006 Siteless Survey and Intensive Data Collection in an Artifact-Rich

Environment Case Studies from the Eastern Corinthia Greece

Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 3(2)246ndash255

Fleming Andrew

2006 Post-Processual Landscape Archaeology A Critique Cambridge

Archaeological Journal 16(3)267ndash280

Given Michael

2013 Commotion Collaboration Conviviality Mediterranean Survey and

the Interpretation of Landscape Journal of Mediterranean

Archaeology 26(1)3ndash26

Given Michael and Arthur Bernard Knapp

2003 The Sydney Cyprus Survey Project Social Approaches to Regional

Archaeological Survey Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of

Archaeology

Hodder Ian

1999 The Archaeological Process An Introduction Oxford Blackwell

2000 Developing a Reflexive Method in Archaeology In Towards

Reflexive Method in Archaeology The Example at Ccedilatalhoumlyuumlk Ian

Hodder ed Pp 3ndash14 Cambridge McDonald Institute

Johnson Matthew

1999 Archaeological Theory An Introduction Oxford Blackwell

Tartaron Thomas F

2006 The Eastern Korinthia Archaeological Survey Integrated Methods

for a Dynamic Landscape Hisperia 75(1)435ndash505

Watrous LV Desponia Hadzi-Vallianou and Harriet Blitzer

2004 The Plains of Phaistos Cycles of Social Complexity in the Mesara

Region of Crete Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of Archaeology

  • FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-Frontmatter
  • FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-BookReviews
  • Mann-FN-Vol7(1)-2015-REVIEWS-LandscapeAndInteractionTheTroodosArchaeologicalAndEnvironmentalSurveyProjectCyprusVols1amp2

Mann 91

Volume 1 is divided into six chapters and begins with an informative

introduction providing the historical and archaeological contexts of the survey

area as well as the grouprsquos research aims The reader is introduced to the long

history of Cyprus ranging from the islandrsquos first inhabitants in the

Epipaleolithic to modern-day Cypriot communities In addition the authors

provide the theoretical underpinnings for TAESP in the first chapter

The theoretical framework of the TAESP survey is largely

constructed upon Ian Hodderrsquos (1999 2000) concept of ldquothe siterdquo wherein a

site is a collection of meanings or associations to a past or present group

(Given et al 2013 vol 110) In this mode of thinking the site is moved

beyond a geographically bounded collection of material culture (artifacts) to

an area of human interaction with shifting contexts which the archaeologist

must interpret This interpretation of ldquothe siterdquo goes hand in hand with

Givenrsquos commotion collaboration and conviviality in that data (eg sites

artifacts) are not objective remains that reflect a particular behavior but are

the byproduct of human motion across and interaction with the landscape

This theory drives the way the TAESP team collected data (siteless) and how

they interpreted the data (deciphering human-landscape interaction) As

Johnson states ldquowe [archaeologists] can never confront theory and data in-

stead we see data through a cloud of theoryrdquo (1999102) Commotion collab-

oration and conviviality make up the cloud through which the TAESP team

saw the data

The idea of the siteless survey is not new to Mediterranean survey

as Caraher (2006) has pointed out and this method has been utilized in past

surveys Proponents of this artifact-level data dense style of survey argue that

it more accurately reflects the material landscape of the survey universe The

adherence to a siteless survey methodology is manifested in the TAESP

survey through its hyper-intensive data collection strategies in addition to the

absence of ldquositesrdquo in the more traditional sensemdashie geographically bounded

feature or artifact rich units with excavation potential (eg a tomb) The

TAESP directors reconcile this lack of sites by instead choosing to focus the

survey on the artifact-level as opposed to site-level In doing so extreme

amounts of data were collected to form interpretive conclusions from the

resulting artifact carpets (artifact densities mapped onto the survey universe)

in an attempt to contextualize the landscape

The TAESP team presents the methodology for achieving this

siteless aim in ch 2 Their goal was to produce interdisciplinary and

regionally orientated data sets that project a more accurate representation of

the survey universe Field crews covered an area of 164 km2 performing

pedestrian transects in areas of high archaeological potential using a stratified

sampling method that divided the survey universe into Intensive Survey

92 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction

Zones (ISZs) and extensive zones The ISZs comprising areas of higher

archaeological potential were more frequently transected than the extensive

zones The authors then plot ldquovariation in artifact density function and date

across the entire landscape rather than centering analysis around specific

lsquositesrsquo or lsquodots on the maprsquordquo again rejecting the essentialism of the site

(Given et al 2013 vol 120) Instead Given and associates use the term

Places of Special Interest (POSIs) A POSI which in many ways is what

would normally constitute an archaeological ldquositerdquo is ldquoany location where

there was good reason whether cultural or natural for carrying out more

detailed recordingrdquo (Given et al 2013 vol 126) Architectural remains

including farmsteads mills churches mosques and villages are generally

listed as Places of Special Interest (POSIs) or Building Units (BUs) (Given et

al 2013 vol 1261ndash277) An admirable 30721 ceramic sherds were collected

and analyzed during the course of the survey (Given et al 2013 vol 125)

Specialists also directed crews to collect data on geomorphology

archaeometallurgy and geobotany As a measure of methodological integrity

the TAESP directors initiated a seeding experiment (Given et al 2013 vol

135) to ensure consistency in artifact collection by field crews This addition

of a quality control test aids in establishing the overall effectiveness of

TAESPrsquos field collection methods Overall the tried-and-true transect method

is appropriate and the inclusion of specialty fields (eg paleogeology

paleobotany) help to further the comprehensiveness of the survey

In addition to their siteless methodology Given et al undertake the

task of ldquoflattening the hierarchyrdquo of terrestrial survey (Given et al 2013 vol

111) This ldquoflatteningrdquo seeks to place the job of interpretation into the hands

of all who are walking the landscape The benefit to choosing this method is

imprecise as the opinions of those ldquoencounteringrdquo the landscape in the 21st

century no doubt bear little resemblance to the mindset of those in the 1st

century Landscape and Interaction cites the example of how a field crew

designated two hills as POSIs in spite of the absence of material remains

because of their integral nature to the landscape (Given et al 2013 vol 112)

It is implied that from fieldwalker to director integration was practiced in

interpreting the landscape It is unclear however how impactful this decision

was as analysis was carried out by those in directorate positions This hyper-

interpretative approach as classified by Fleming (2006) seeks to incorporate

an experiential element to the field survey This is much in line with the

surveyrsquos phenomenological approach to landscape analysis

The four main chronological sequences identified on the TAESP

landscape are presented chronologically in ch 3 Prehistoric Iron Age

Hellenistic-Roman and Medieval-Modern For ceramics a distinction is made

between fine-wares and utility wares and their geographical origin is noted

Mann 93

when possible Detailed ceramic lithic and special finds catalogues are

included in this chapter (Given et al 2013 vol 180ndash227) Defining village

or POSI boundaries was not a concern once again in keeping with the

theoretical framework of the survey This method of collection affects

potential analyses for instance conducting a comparative analysis between

features within specific POSIs is difficult due to the lack of detail provided

(outside of artifact assemblages found on transects)

The landscapendashhuman interaction and its influence on the material

culture found within the TAESP survey region is synthesized within chs 5ndash

6 The authors present in chronological order the settlement patterns

communication networks and subsistence strategies of the inhabitants of the

TAESP landscape viewed through the ideas presented in ch 1 (Given et al

2013 vol 1321) This chronology begins with the Epipaleolithic and ends

with the British colonial period Working with a landscape contextualized

through the siteless field methodology the authors focus here on reconciling

processualist-rooted data collection (field and collection methods) with post-

processual interpretation (commotion collaboration and conviviality) The

conclusions drawn are therefore interpreted from the data to understand the

diachronically changing dynamic of humanndashenvironment interaction These

chapters (5ndash6) are the most representative of the TAESP teamrsquos theoretical

framework Inferences are made as to human experience on and interaction

with the landscape This is opposed to the other chapters in volumes 1 and 2

which largely serve to establish methodology and organize data (often

geographically) with arguably less interpretative influence

The authors end volume 1 by offering an array of sites (defined in

the more traditional sense) for further investigation displaying a hope for

work to continue in the region This recommendation as well as the

subsequent declaration that to find sites was not TAESPrsquos intent are passive

concessions for the volumersquos lack of focus on traditional archaeological sites

and appear aimed at the archaeologist who is searching for TAESPrsquos

contribution to understanding the Cypriot landscape through the discovery

and analysis of traditional ldquositesrdquo

The authors organize volume 2 into four geographic sections the

plains the Karkotis Valley the Lagoudhera Valley and the mountains They

use this geographic layout to present the ldquorelationship between people and

their landscaperdquo (Given et al 2013 vol 22) Volume 2 primarily functions as

the results and discussion section for Landscape and Interaction as the

authors organize the various types of data (ie survey archaeometallurgical

botanical) to form diachronic conclusions of the TAESP landscape

The plains which encompass the Atsas Mandres and Koutraphas

geographic zones compose the first locale discussed in volume 2 (Given et al

94 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction

2013 vol 26ndash48) This ecological zone contains occupations dating from the

Epipaleolithic to the British colonial period (Given et al 2013 vol 27) Of

note is the Roman farmstead at Vrysi tou Haji Christophi and the Medieval-

Modern villages scattered throughout The Karkotis Valley the second

geographical zone presented exhibits continual occupation for over six

millennia (Given et al 2013 vol 251) This occupational history is in large

part due to the prime agricultural land located within the valley Several

tombs are also present dating from the pre-Bronze Age and Roman periods

within the Karkotis Valley at Laonarka and Pano Limna respectively

Occupation within the Troodos Mountains ecological zone is decidedly

narrower reaching only from the Late Roman period to the Byzantine-

Modern (Given et al 2013 vol 2205) The nature of Roman activity remains

unclear however it is clear that it differs from the farm steading occurring in

the plains ecological zone (Given et al 2013 vol 2211) An extensive

Byzantine-Modern component can be found in the Troodos The Asinou

church and monastery are exquisitely preserved examples of late 11th century

religious architecture that speak to this component (Given et al 2013 vol

2214)

The Lagoudhera Valley was an area of copper mining and extraction

within the survey universe and although smaller than Skouriotissa it

comprises a representative manifestation of the TAESP teamrsquos methodology

and interpretation practices Many of the conclusions drawn from the

Lagoudhera Valley are a product of the authorsrsquo contextualizationmdashie focus

on the off-site rather than the ldquositerdquomdashof the landscape POSIs created

through the ldquoflattening of the hierarchyrdquomdashsuch as the hills noted by survey

teamsmdashas well as artifact presence are used to trace the motion of people

across the landscape (commotion) The authors use these data to give an

interpretive view of the human activity and the social setting surrounding the

extraction of copper and its subsequent impact on the landscape (Given et al

2013 vol 2202) In sum whereas volume 1 details the material culture of the

TAESP survey universe and attempts to address the teamrsquos primary research

goals (eg humanndashlandscape interaction) volume 2 synthesizes the results of

the TAESP survey on an area-by-area basis that address explicit research

questions (eg copper production in the Upper Lagoudhera Valley) while

incorporating the work of interdisciplinary team members

Overall the work produced by Given et al in Landscape and

Interaction contains a wealth of data beneficial to its intended audience of

European and North American archaeologists interested in advancing

archaeology in the eastern Mediterranean basin as well as archaeologists

interested in landscape theory This is greatly enhanced by the publishing of

the TAESP as well as the SCSP data onlinei However the choice of the

Mann 95

TAESP team not to delimit and detail POSIs beyond geographical setting is

problematic ldquoVerbingrdquo humanndashenvironmental interactionmdashie describing

human actions through survey data rather than imposed rigid categories

(Given et al 2013 vol 1344)mdashsolely through artifact presenceabsence

across the landscape seems incomplete without including the context and

nature of ldquositesrdquo or POSIs in greater detail For example the TAESP teamrsquos

decision not to bound or GPS significant features within POSIs does not

allow for comparison study between the POSIs If significant features

differentiate POSIs from other areas of the transect it seems that defining

these spaces through a more traditional concept of ldquositerdquo would offer further

analytical potential Rather than undermining the siteless methodology

detailing the specifics that form within POSIs would provide more avenues

for archaeologists to analyze the data collected While conducting a siteless

survey has its benefits especially in a culturally diffuse landscape the

TAESP authors could strengthen their interpretations through the inclusion of

more POSI detail to allow for greater analysis of variation amongst the

ldquoknotsrdquo that form through commotion

Furthermore regarding the teamrsquos attempt to ldquoflatten the hierarchyrdquo

their employed methods lay the groundwork for further experimentation with

this concept Perhaps something akin to American cultural resource

managementrsquos use of tribal cultural surveys could benefit future research

wherein the goal of the transect is solely to understand sacred landscapes

through an emic perspective This emic approach could have been applied

through greater local participation on the survey itself especially in the case

of the Ottoman-Modern landscape due to its historical continuity with the

current population

Nevertheless the value of Landscape and Interaction is

unmistakable Its data collection strategies are innovative and the breadth of

data collected and published is enormous Regardless of theoretical

orientation the data offer a wealth of information relevant to a wide variety of

research questions ranging from settlement patterns to social archaeology

Attempting to unite processual methods with post-processual interpretation is

a noble cause that deserves further refinement (Bintliff 1996) This is

especially the case with the ideas of commotion collaboration and

conviviality which provide an interesting tool for understanding the enormity

of data collected from the study of humanndashlandscape interaction

Theoretically driven survey seeks to answer broader anthropological

questions and the TAESP survey has made strides in furthering this aim

Overall the volumes are a model of large-scale siteless survey field

methodology within a multi-component landscape and are of use to both

students learning about and archaeologists conducting regional survey

96 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction

Notes

i httpintarchacukjournalissue204pottfindcfm

References

Bintliff John

1996 Interactions of Theory Methodology and Practice Archaeological

Dialogues 3(2)246ndash255

Caraher William

2006 Siteless Survey and Intensive Data Collection in an Artifact-Rich

Environment Case Studies from the Eastern Corinthia Greece

Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 3(2)246ndash255

Fleming Andrew

2006 Post-Processual Landscape Archaeology A Critique Cambridge

Archaeological Journal 16(3)267ndash280

Given Michael

2013 Commotion Collaboration Conviviality Mediterranean Survey and

the Interpretation of Landscape Journal of Mediterranean

Archaeology 26(1)3ndash26

Given Michael and Arthur Bernard Knapp

2003 The Sydney Cyprus Survey Project Social Approaches to Regional

Archaeological Survey Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of

Archaeology

Hodder Ian

1999 The Archaeological Process An Introduction Oxford Blackwell

2000 Developing a Reflexive Method in Archaeology In Towards

Reflexive Method in Archaeology The Example at Ccedilatalhoumlyuumlk Ian

Hodder ed Pp 3ndash14 Cambridge McDonald Institute

Johnson Matthew

1999 Archaeological Theory An Introduction Oxford Blackwell

Tartaron Thomas F

2006 The Eastern Korinthia Archaeological Survey Integrated Methods

for a Dynamic Landscape Hisperia 75(1)435ndash505

Watrous LV Desponia Hadzi-Vallianou and Harriet Blitzer

2004 The Plains of Phaistos Cycles of Social Complexity in the Mesara

Region of Crete Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of Archaeology

  • FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-Frontmatter
  • FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-BookReviews
  • Mann-FN-Vol7(1)-2015-REVIEWS-LandscapeAndInteractionTheTroodosArchaeologicalAndEnvironmentalSurveyProjectCyprusVols1amp2

92 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction

Zones (ISZs) and extensive zones The ISZs comprising areas of higher

archaeological potential were more frequently transected than the extensive

zones The authors then plot ldquovariation in artifact density function and date

across the entire landscape rather than centering analysis around specific

lsquositesrsquo or lsquodots on the maprsquordquo again rejecting the essentialism of the site

(Given et al 2013 vol 120) Instead Given and associates use the term

Places of Special Interest (POSIs) A POSI which in many ways is what

would normally constitute an archaeological ldquositerdquo is ldquoany location where

there was good reason whether cultural or natural for carrying out more

detailed recordingrdquo (Given et al 2013 vol 126) Architectural remains

including farmsteads mills churches mosques and villages are generally

listed as Places of Special Interest (POSIs) or Building Units (BUs) (Given et

al 2013 vol 1261ndash277) An admirable 30721 ceramic sherds were collected

and analyzed during the course of the survey (Given et al 2013 vol 125)

Specialists also directed crews to collect data on geomorphology

archaeometallurgy and geobotany As a measure of methodological integrity

the TAESP directors initiated a seeding experiment (Given et al 2013 vol

135) to ensure consistency in artifact collection by field crews This addition

of a quality control test aids in establishing the overall effectiveness of

TAESPrsquos field collection methods Overall the tried-and-true transect method

is appropriate and the inclusion of specialty fields (eg paleogeology

paleobotany) help to further the comprehensiveness of the survey

In addition to their siteless methodology Given et al undertake the

task of ldquoflattening the hierarchyrdquo of terrestrial survey (Given et al 2013 vol

111) This ldquoflatteningrdquo seeks to place the job of interpretation into the hands

of all who are walking the landscape The benefit to choosing this method is

imprecise as the opinions of those ldquoencounteringrdquo the landscape in the 21st

century no doubt bear little resemblance to the mindset of those in the 1st

century Landscape and Interaction cites the example of how a field crew

designated two hills as POSIs in spite of the absence of material remains

because of their integral nature to the landscape (Given et al 2013 vol 112)

It is implied that from fieldwalker to director integration was practiced in

interpreting the landscape It is unclear however how impactful this decision

was as analysis was carried out by those in directorate positions This hyper-

interpretative approach as classified by Fleming (2006) seeks to incorporate

an experiential element to the field survey This is much in line with the

surveyrsquos phenomenological approach to landscape analysis

The four main chronological sequences identified on the TAESP

landscape are presented chronologically in ch 3 Prehistoric Iron Age

Hellenistic-Roman and Medieval-Modern For ceramics a distinction is made

between fine-wares and utility wares and their geographical origin is noted

Mann 93

when possible Detailed ceramic lithic and special finds catalogues are

included in this chapter (Given et al 2013 vol 180ndash227) Defining village

or POSI boundaries was not a concern once again in keeping with the

theoretical framework of the survey This method of collection affects

potential analyses for instance conducting a comparative analysis between

features within specific POSIs is difficult due to the lack of detail provided

(outside of artifact assemblages found on transects)

The landscapendashhuman interaction and its influence on the material

culture found within the TAESP survey region is synthesized within chs 5ndash

6 The authors present in chronological order the settlement patterns

communication networks and subsistence strategies of the inhabitants of the

TAESP landscape viewed through the ideas presented in ch 1 (Given et al

2013 vol 1321) This chronology begins with the Epipaleolithic and ends

with the British colonial period Working with a landscape contextualized

through the siteless field methodology the authors focus here on reconciling

processualist-rooted data collection (field and collection methods) with post-

processual interpretation (commotion collaboration and conviviality) The

conclusions drawn are therefore interpreted from the data to understand the

diachronically changing dynamic of humanndashenvironment interaction These

chapters (5ndash6) are the most representative of the TAESP teamrsquos theoretical

framework Inferences are made as to human experience on and interaction

with the landscape This is opposed to the other chapters in volumes 1 and 2

which largely serve to establish methodology and organize data (often

geographically) with arguably less interpretative influence

The authors end volume 1 by offering an array of sites (defined in

the more traditional sense) for further investigation displaying a hope for

work to continue in the region This recommendation as well as the

subsequent declaration that to find sites was not TAESPrsquos intent are passive

concessions for the volumersquos lack of focus on traditional archaeological sites

and appear aimed at the archaeologist who is searching for TAESPrsquos

contribution to understanding the Cypriot landscape through the discovery

and analysis of traditional ldquositesrdquo

The authors organize volume 2 into four geographic sections the

plains the Karkotis Valley the Lagoudhera Valley and the mountains They

use this geographic layout to present the ldquorelationship between people and

their landscaperdquo (Given et al 2013 vol 22) Volume 2 primarily functions as

the results and discussion section for Landscape and Interaction as the

authors organize the various types of data (ie survey archaeometallurgical

botanical) to form diachronic conclusions of the TAESP landscape

The plains which encompass the Atsas Mandres and Koutraphas

geographic zones compose the first locale discussed in volume 2 (Given et al

94 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction

2013 vol 26ndash48) This ecological zone contains occupations dating from the

Epipaleolithic to the British colonial period (Given et al 2013 vol 27) Of

note is the Roman farmstead at Vrysi tou Haji Christophi and the Medieval-

Modern villages scattered throughout The Karkotis Valley the second

geographical zone presented exhibits continual occupation for over six

millennia (Given et al 2013 vol 251) This occupational history is in large

part due to the prime agricultural land located within the valley Several

tombs are also present dating from the pre-Bronze Age and Roman periods

within the Karkotis Valley at Laonarka and Pano Limna respectively

Occupation within the Troodos Mountains ecological zone is decidedly

narrower reaching only from the Late Roman period to the Byzantine-

Modern (Given et al 2013 vol 2205) The nature of Roman activity remains

unclear however it is clear that it differs from the farm steading occurring in

the plains ecological zone (Given et al 2013 vol 2211) An extensive

Byzantine-Modern component can be found in the Troodos The Asinou

church and monastery are exquisitely preserved examples of late 11th century

religious architecture that speak to this component (Given et al 2013 vol

2214)

The Lagoudhera Valley was an area of copper mining and extraction

within the survey universe and although smaller than Skouriotissa it

comprises a representative manifestation of the TAESP teamrsquos methodology

and interpretation practices Many of the conclusions drawn from the

Lagoudhera Valley are a product of the authorsrsquo contextualizationmdashie focus

on the off-site rather than the ldquositerdquomdashof the landscape POSIs created

through the ldquoflattening of the hierarchyrdquomdashsuch as the hills noted by survey

teamsmdashas well as artifact presence are used to trace the motion of people

across the landscape (commotion) The authors use these data to give an

interpretive view of the human activity and the social setting surrounding the

extraction of copper and its subsequent impact on the landscape (Given et al

2013 vol 2202) In sum whereas volume 1 details the material culture of the

TAESP survey universe and attempts to address the teamrsquos primary research

goals (eg humanndashlandscape interaction) volume 2 synthesizes the results of

the TAESP survey on an area-by-area basis that address explicit research

questions (eg copper production in the Upper Lagoudhera Valley) while

incorporating the work of interdisciplinary team members

Overall the work produced by Given et al in Landscape and

Interaction contains a wealth of data beneficial to its intended audience of

European and North American archaeologists interested in advancing

archaeology in the eastern Mediterranean basin as well as archaeologists

interested in landscape theory This is greatly enhanced by the publishing of

the TAESP as well as the SCSP data onlinei However the choice of the

Mann 95

TAESP team not to delimit and detail POSIs beyond geographical setting is

problematic ldquoVerbingrdquo humanndashenvironmental interactionmdashie describing

human actions through survey data rather than imposed rigid categories

(Given et al 2013 vol 1344)mdashsolely through artifact presenceabsence

across the landscape seems incomplete without including the context and

nature of ldquositesrdquo or POSIs in greater detail For example the TAESP teamrsquos

decision not to bound or GPS significant features within POSIs does not

allow for comparison study between the POSIs If significant features

differentiate POSIs from other areas of the transect it seems that defining

these spaces through a more traditional concept of ldquositerdquo would offer further

analytical potential Rather than undermining the siteless methodology

detailing the specifics that form within POSIs would provide more avenues

for archaeologists to analyze the data collected While conducting a siteless

survey has its benefits especially in a culturally diffuse landscape the

TAESP authors could strengthen their interpretations through the inclusion of

more POSI detail to allow for greater analysis of variation amongst the

ldquoknotsrdquo that form through commotion

Furthermore regarding the teamrsquos attempt to ldquoflatten the hierarchyrdquo

their employed methods lay the groundwork for further experimentation with

this concept Perhaps something akin to American cultural resource

managementrsquos use of tribal cultural surveys could benefit future research

wherein the goal of the transect is solely to understand sacred landscapes

through an emic perspective This emic approach could have been applied

through greater local participation on the survey itself especially in the case

of the Ottoman-Modern landscape due to its historical continuity with the

current population

Nevertheless the value of Landscape and Interaction is

unmistakable Its data collection strategies are innovative and the breadth of

data collected and published is enormous Regardless of theoretical

orientation the data offer a wealth of information relevant to a wide variety of

research questions ranging from settlement patterns to social archaeology

Attempting to unite processual methods with post-processual interpretation is

a noble cause that deserves further refinement (Bintliff 1996) This is

especially the case with the ideas of commotion collaboration and

conviviality which provide an interesting tool for understanding the enormity

of data collected from the study of humanndashlandscape interaction

Theoretically driven survey seeks to answer broader anthropological

questions and the TAESP survey has made strides in furthering this aim

Overall the volumes are a model of large-scale siteless survey field

methodology within a multi-component landscape and are of use to both

students learning about and archaeologists conducting regional survey

96 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction

Notes

i httpintarchacukjournalissue204pottfindcfm

References

Bintliff John

1996 Interactions of Theory Methodology and Practice Archaeological

Dialogues 3(2)246ndash255

Caraher William

2006 Siteless Survey and Intensive Data Collection in an Artifact-Rich

Environment Case Studies from the Eastern Corinthia Greece

Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 3(2)246ndash255

Fleming Andrew

2006 Post-Processual Landscape Archaeology A Critique Cambridge

Archaeological Journal 16(3)267ndash280

Given Michael

2013 Commotion Collaboration Conviviality Mediterranean Survey and

the Interpretation of Landscape Journal of Mediterranean

Archaeology 26(1)3ndash26

Given Michael and Arthur Bernard Knapp

2003 The Sydney Cyprus Survey Project Social Approaches to Regional

Archaeological Survey Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of

Archaeology

Hodder Ian

1999 The Archaeological Process An Introduction Oxford Blackwell

2000 Developing a Reflexive Method in Archaeology In Towards

Reflexive Method in Archaeology The Example at Ccedilatalhoumlyuumlk Ian

Hodder ed Pp 3ndash14 Cambridge McDonald Institute

Johnson Matthew

1999 Archaeological Theory An Introduction Oxford Blackwell

Tartaron Thomas F

2006 The Eastern Korinthia Archaeological Survey Integrated Methods

for a Dynamic Landscape Hisperia 75(1)435ndash505

Watrous LV Desponia Hadzi-Vallianou and Harriet Blitzer

2004 The Plains of Phaistos Cycles of Social Complexity in the Mesara

Region of Crete Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of Archaeology

  • FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-Frontmatter
  • FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-BookReviews
  • Mann-FN-Vol7(1)-2015-REVIEWS-LandscapeAndInteractionTheTroodosArchaeologicalAndEnvironmentalSurveyProjectCyprusVols1amp2

Mann 93

when possible Detailed ceramic lithic and special finds catalogues are

included in this chapter (Given et al 2013 vol 180ndash227) Defining village

or POSI boundaries was not a concern once again in keeping with the

theoretical framework of the survey This method of collection affects

potential analyses for instance conducting a comparative analysis between

features within specific POSIs is difficult due to the lack of detail provided

(outside of artifact assemblages found on transects)

The landscapendashhuman interaction and its influence on the material

culture found within the TAESP survey region is synthesized within chs 5ndash

6 The authors present in chronological order the settlement patterns

communication networks and subsistence strategies of the inhabitants of the

TAESP landscape viewed through the ideas presented in ch 1 (Given et al

2013 vol 1321) This chronology begins with the Epipaleolithic and ends

with the British colonial period Working with a landscape contextualized

through the siteless field methodology the authors focus here on reconciling

processualist-rooted data collection (field and collection methods) with post-

processual interpretation (commotion collaboration and conviviality) The

conclusions drawn are therefore interpreted from the data to understand the

diachronically changing dynamic of humanndashenvironment interaction These

chapters (5ndash6) are the most representative of the TAESP teamrsquos theoretical

framework Inferences are made as to human experience on and interaction

with the landscape This is opposed to the other chapters in volumes 1 and 2

which largely serve to establish methodology and organize data (often

geographically) with arguably less interpretative influence

The authors end volume 1 by offering an array of sites (defined in

the more traditional sense) for further investigation displaying a hope for

work to continue in the region This recommendation as well as the

subsequent declaration that to find sites was not TAESPrsquos intent are passive

concessions for the volumersquos lack of focus on traditional archaeological sites

and appear aimed at the archaeologist who is searching for TAESPrsquos

contribution to understanding the Cypriot landscape through the discovery

and analysis of traditional ldquositesrdquo

The authors organize volume 2 into four geographic sections the

plains the Karkotis Valley the Lagoudhera Valley and the mountains They

use this geographic layout to present the ldquorelationship between people and

their landscaperdquo (Given et al 2013 vol 22) Volume 2 primarily functions as

the results and discussion section for Landscape and Interaction as the

authors organize the various types of data (ie survey archaeometallurgical

botanical) to form diachronic conclusions of the TAESP landscape

The plains which encompass the Atsas Mandres and Koutraphas

geographic zones compose the first locale discussed in volume 2 (Given et al

94 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction

2013 vol 26ndash48) This ecological zone contains occupations dating from the

Epipaleolithic to the British colonial period (Given et al 2013 vol 27) Of

note is the Roman farmstead at Vrysi tou Haji Christophi and the Medieval-

Modern villages scattered throughout The Karkotis Valley the second

geographical zone presented exhibits continual occupation for over six

millennia (Given et al 2013 vol 251) This occupational history is in large

part due to the prime agricultural land located within the valley Several

tombs are also present dating from the pre-Bronze Age and Roman periods

within the Karkotis Valley at Laonarka and Pano Limna respectively

Occupation within the Troodos Mountains ecological zone is decidedly

narrower reaching only from the Late Roman period to the Byzantine-

Modern (Given et al 2013 vol 2205) The nature of Roman activity remains

unclear however it is clear that it differs from the farm steading occurring in

the plains ecological zone (Given et al 2013 vol 2211) An extensive

Byzantine-Modern component can be found in the Troodos The Asinou

church and monastery are exquisitely preserved examples of late 11th century

religious architecture that speak to this component (Given et al 2013 vol

2214)

The Lagoudhera Valley was an area of copper mining and extraction

within the survey universe and although smaller than Skouriotissa it

comprises a representative manifestation of the TAESP teamrsquos methodology

and interpretation practices Many of the conclusions drawn from the

Lagoudhera Valley are a product of the authorsrsquo contextualizationmdashie focus

on the off-site rather than the ldquositerdquomdashof the landscape POSIs created

through the ldquoflattening of the hierarchyrdquomdashsuch as the hills noted by survey

teamsmdashas well as artifact presence are used to trace the motion of people

across the landscape (commotion) The authors use these data to give an

interpretive view of the human activity and the social setting surrounding the

extraction of copper and its subsequent impact on the landscape (Given et al

2013 vol 2202) In sum whereas volume 1 details the material culture of the

TAESP survey universe and attempts to address the teamrsquos primary research

goals (eg humanndashlandscape interaction) volume 2 synthesizes the results of

the TAESP survey on an area-by-area basis that address explicit research

questions (eg copper production in the Upper Lagoudhera Valley) while

incorporating the work of interdisciplinary team members

Overall the work produced by Given et al in Landscape and

Interaction contains a wealth of data beneficial to its intended audience of

European and North American archaeologists interested in advancing

archaeology in the eastern Mediterranean basin as well as archaeologists

interested in landscape theory This is greatly enhanced by the publishing of

the TAESP as well as the SCSP data onlinei However the choice of the

Mann 95

TAESP team not to delimit and detail POSIs beyond geographical setting is

problematic ldquoVerbingrdquo humanndashenvironmental interactionmdashie describing

human actions through survey data rather than imposed rigid categories

(Given et al 2013 vol 1344)mdashsolely through artifact presenceabsence

across the landscape seems incomplete without including the context and

nature of ldquositesrdquo or POSIs in greater detail For example the TAESP teamrsquos

decision not to bound or GPS significant features within POSIs does not

allow for comparison study between the POSIs If significant features

differentiate POSIs from other areas of the transect it seems that defining

these spaces through a more traditional concept of ldquositerdquo would offer further

analytical potential Rather than undermining the siteless methodology

detailing the specifics that form within POSIs would provide more avenues

for archaeologists to analyze the data collected While conducting a siteless

survey has its benefits especially in a culturally diffuse landscape the

TAESP authors could strengthen their interpretations through the inclusion of

more POSI detail to allow for greater analysis of variation amongst the

ldquoknotsrdquo that form through commotion

Furthermore regarding the teamrsquos attempt to ldquoflatten the hierarchyrdquo

their employed methods lay the groundwork for further experimentation with

this concept Perhaps something akin to American cultural resource

managementrsquos use of tribal cultural surveys could benefit future research

wherein the goal of the transect is solely to understand sacred landscapes

through an emic perspective This emic approach could have been applied

through greater local participation on the survey itself especially in the case

of the Ottoman-Modern landscape due to its historical continuity with the

current population

Nevertheless the value of Landscape and Interaction is

unmistakable Its data collection strategies are innovative and the breadth of

data collected and published is enormous Regardless of theoretical

orientation the data offer a wealth of information relevant to a wide variety of

research questions ranging from settlement patterns to social archaeology

Attempting to unite processual methods with post-processual interpretation is

a noble cause that deserves further refinement (Bintliff 1996) This is

especially the case with the ideas of commotion collaboration and

conviviality which provide an interesting tool for understanding the enormity

of data collected from the study of humanndashlandscape interaction

Theoretically driven survey seeks to answer broader anthropological

questions and the TAESP survey has made strides in furthering this aim

Overall the volumes are a model of large-scale siteless survey field

methodology within a multi-component landscape and are of use to both

students learning about and archaeologists conducting regional survey

96 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction

Notes

i httpintarchacukjournalissue204pottfindcfm

References

Bintliff John

1996 Interactions of Theory Methodology and Practice Archaeological

Dialogues 3(2)246ndash255

Caraher William

2006 Siteless Survey and Intensive Data Collection in an Artifact-Rich

Environment Case Studies from the Eastern Corinthia Greece

Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 3(2)246ndash255

Fleming Andrew

2006 Post-Processual Landscape Archaeology A Critique Cambridge

Archaeological Journal 16(3)267ndash280

Given Michael

2013 Commotion Collaboration Conviviality Mediterranean Survey and

the Interpretation of Landscape Journal of Mediterranean

Archaeology 26(1)3ndash26

Given Michael and Arthur Bernard Knapp

2003 The Sydney Cyprus Survey Project Social Approaches to Regional

Archaeological Survey Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of

Archaeology

Hodder Ian

1999 The Archaeological Process An Introduction Oxford Blackwell

2000 Developing a Reflexive Method in Archaeology In Towards

Reflexive Method in Archaeology The Example at Ccedilatalhoumlyuumlk Ian

Hodder ed Pp 3ndash14 Cambridge McDonald Institute

Johnson Matthew

1999 Archaeological Theory An Introduction Oxford Blackwell

Tartaron Thomas F

2006 The Eastern Korinthia Archaeological Survey Integrated Methods

for a Dynamic Landscape Hisperia 75(1)435ndash505

Watrous LV Desponia Hadzi-Vallianou and Harriet Blitzer

2004 The Plains of Phaistos Cycles of Social Complexity in the Mesara

Region of Crete Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of Archaeology

  • FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-Frontmatter
  • FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-BookReviews
  • Mann-FN-Vol7(1)-2015-REVIEWS-LandscapeAndInteractionTheTroodosArchaeologicalAndEnvironmentalSurveyProjectCyprusVols1amp2

94 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction

2013 vol 26ndash48) This ecological zone contains occupations dating from the

Epipaleolithic to the British colonial period (Given et al 2013 vol 27) Of

note is the Roman farmstead at Vrysi tou Haji Christophi and the Medieval-

Modern villages scattered throughout The Karkotis Valley the second

geographical zone presented exhibits continual occupation for over six

millennia (Given et al 2013 vol 251) This occupational history is in large

part due to the prime agricultural land located within the valley Several

tombs are also present dating from the pre-Bronze Age and Roman periods

within the Karkotis Valley at Laonarka and Pano Limna respectively

Occupation within the Troodos Mountains ecological zone is decidedly

narrower reaching only from the Late Roman period to the Byzantine-

Modern (Given et al 2013 vol 2205) The nature of Roman activity remains

unclear however it is clear that it differs from the farm steading occurring in

the plains ecological zone (Given et al 2013 vol 2211) An extensive

Byzantine-Modern component can be found in the Troodos The Asinou

church and monastery are exquisitely preserved examples of late 11th century

religious architecture that speak to this component (Given et al 2013 vol

2214)

The Lagoudhera Valley was an area of copper mining and extraction

within the survey universe and although smaller than Skouriotissa it

comprises a representative manifestation of the TAESP teamrsquos methodology

and interpretation practices Many of the conclusions drawn from the

Lagoudhera Valley are a product of the authorsrsquo contextualizationmdashie focus

on the off-site rather than the ldquositerdquomdashof the landscape POSIs created

through the ldquoflattening of the hierarchyrdquomdashsuch as the hills noted by survey

teamsmdashas well as artifact presence are used to trace the motion of people

across the landscape (commotion) The authors use these data to give an

interpretive view of the human activity and the social setting surrounding the

extraction of copper and its subsequent impact on the landscape (Given et al

2013 vol 2202) In sum whereas volume 1 details the material culture of the

TAESP survey universe and attempts to address the teamrsquos primary research

goals (eg humanndashlandscape interaction) volume 2 synthesizes the results of

the TAESP survey on an area-by-area basis that address explicit research

questions (eg copper production in the Upper Lagoudhera Valley) while

incorporating the work of interdisciplinary team members

Overall the work produced by Given et al in Landscape and

Interaction contains a wealth of data beneficial to its intended audience of

European and North American archaeologists interested in advancing

archaeology in the eastern Mediterranean basin as well as archaeologists

interested in landscape theory This is greatly enhanced by the publishing of

the TAESP as well as the SCSP data onlinei However the choice of the

Mann 95

TAESP team not to delimit and detail POSIs beyond geographical setting is

problematic ldquoVerbingrdquo humanndashenvironmental interactionmdashie describing

human actions through survey data rather than imposed rigid categories

(Given et al 2013 vol 1344)mdashsolely through artifact presenceabsence

across the landscape seems incomplete without including the context and

nature of ldquositesrdquo or POSIs in greater detail For example the TAESP teamrsquos

decision not to bound or GPS significant features within POSIs does not

allow for comparison study between the POSIs If significant features

differentiate POSIs from other areas of the transect it seems that defining

these spaces through a more traditional concept of ldquositerdquo would offer further

analytical potential Rather than undermining the siteless methodology

detailing the specifics that form within POSIs would provide more avenues

for archaeologists to analyze the data collected While conducting a siteless

survey has its benefits especially in a culturally diffuse landscape the

TAESP authors could strengthen their interpretations through the inclusion of

more POSI detail to allow for greater analysis of variation amongst the

ldquoknotsrdquo that form through commotion

Furthermore regarding the teamrsquos attempt to ldquoflatten the hierarchyrdquo

their employed methods lay the groundwork for further experimentation with

this concept Perhaps something akin to American cultural resource

managementrsquos use of tribal cultural surveys could benefit future research

wherein the goal of the transect is solely to understand sacred landscapes

through an emic perspective This emic approach could have been applied

through greater local participation on the survey itself especially in the case

of the Ottoman-Modern landscape due to its historical continuity with the

current population

Nevertheless the value of Landscape and Interaction is

unmistakable Its data collection strategies are innovative and the breadth of

data collected and published is enormous Regardless of theoretical

orientation the data offer a wealth of information relevant to a wide variety of

research questions ranging from settlement patterns to social archaeology

Attempting to unite processual methods with post-processual interpretation is

a noble cause that deserves further refinement (Bintliff 1996) This is

especially the case with the ideas of commotion collaboration and

conviviality which provide an interesting tool for understanding the enormity

of data collected from the study of humanndashlandscape interaction

Theoretically driven survey seeks to answer broader anthropological

questions and the TAESP survey has made strides in furthering this aim

Overall the volumes are a model of large-scale siteless survey field

methodology within a multi-component landscape and are of use to both

students learning about and archaeologists conducting regional survey

96 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction

Notes

i httpintarchacukjournalissue204pottfindcfm

References

Bintliff John

1996 Interactions of Theory Methodology and Practice Archaeological

Dialogues 3(2)246ndash255

Caraher William

2006 Siteless Survey and Intensive Data Collection in an Artifact-Rich

Environment Case Studies from the Eastern Corinthia Greece

Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 3(2)246ndash255

Fleming Andrew

2006 Post-Processual Landscape Archaeology A Critique Cambridge

Archaeological Journal 16(3)267ndash280

Given Michael

2013 Commotion Collaboration Conviviality Mediterranean Survey and

the Interpretation of Landscape Journal of Mediterranean

Archaeology 26(1)3ndash26

Given Michael and Arthur Bernard Knapp

2003 The Sydney Cyprus Survey Project Social Approaches to Regional

Archaeological Survey Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of

Archaeology

Hodder Ian

1999 The Archaeological Process An Introduction Oxford Blackwell

2000 Developing a Reflexive Method in Archaeology In Towards

Reflexive Method in Archaeology The Example at Ccedilatalhoumlyuumlk Ian

Hodder ed Pp 3ndash14 Cambridge McDonald Institute

Johnson Matthew

1999 Archaeological Theory An Introduction Oxford Blackwell

Tartaron Thomas F

2006 The Eastern Korinthia Archaeological Survey Integrated Methods

for a Dynamic Landscape Hisperia 75(1)435ndash505

Watrous LV Desponia Hadzi-Vallianou and Harriet Blitzer

2004 The Plains of Phaistos Cycles of Social Complexity in the Mesara

Region of Crete Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of Archaeology

  • FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-Frontmatter
  • FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-BookReviews
  • Mann-FN-Vol7(1)-2015-REVIEWS-LandscapeAndInteractionTheTroodosArchaeologicalAndEnvironmentalSurveyProjectCyprusVols1amp2

Mann 95

TAESP team not to delimit and detail POSIs beyond geographical setting is

problematic ldquoVerbingrdquo humanndashenvironmental interactionmdashie describing

human actions through survey data rather than imposed rigid categories

(Given et al 2013 vol 1344)mdashsolely through artifact presenceabsence

across the landscape seems incomplete without including the context and

nature of ldquositesrdquo or POSIs in greater detail For example the TAESP teamrsquos

decision not to bound or GPS significant features within POSIs does not

allow for comparison study between the POSIs If significant features

differentiate POSIs from other areas of the transect it seems that defining

these spaces through a more traditional concept of ldquositerdquo would offer further

analytical potential Rather than undermining the siteless methodology

detailing the specifics that form within POSIs would provide more avenues

for archaeologists to analyze the data collected While conducting a siteless

survey has its benefits especially in a culturally diffuse landscape the

TAESP authors could strengthen their interpretations through the inclusion of

more POSI detail to allow for greater analysis of variation amongst the

ldquoknotsrdquo that form through commotion

Furthermore regarding the teamrsquos attempt to ldquoflatten the hierarchyrdquo

their employed methods lay the groundwork for further experimentation with

this concept Perhaps something akin to American cultural resource

managementrsquos use of tribal cultural surveys could benefit future research

wherein the goal of the transect is solely to understand sacred landscapes

through an emic perspective This emic approach could have been applied

through greater local participation on the survey itself especially in the case

of the Ottoman-Modern landscape due to its historical continuity with the

current population

Nevertheless the value of Landscape and Interaction is

unmistakable Its data collection strategies are innovative and the breadth of

data collected and published is enormous Regardless of theoretical

orientation the data offer a wealth of information relevant to a wide variety of

research questions ranging from settlement patterns to social archaeology

Attempting to unite processual methods with post-processual interpretation is

a noble cause that deserves further refinement (Bintliff 1996) This is

especially the case with the ideas of commotion collaboration and

conviviality which provide an interesting tool for understanding the enormity

of data collected from the study of humanndashlandscape interaction

Theoretically driven survey seeks to answer broader anthropological

questions and the TAESP survey has made strides in furthering this aim

Overall the volumes are a model of large-scale siteless survey field

methodology within a multi-component landscape and are of use to both

students learning about and archaeologists conducting regional survey

96 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction

Notes

i httpintarchacukjournalissue204pottfindcfm

References

Bintliff John

1996 Interactions of Theory Methodology and Practice Archaeological

Dialogues 3(2)246ndash255

Caraher William

2006 Siteless Survey and Intensive Data Collection in an Artifact-Rich

Environment Case Studies from the Eastern Corinthia Greece

Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 3(2)246ndash255

Fleming Andrew

2006 Post-Processual Landscape Archaeology A Critique Cambridge

Archaeological Journal 16(3)267ndash280

Given Michael

2013 Commotion Collaboration Conviviality Mediterranean Survey and

the Interpretation of Landscape Journal of Mediterranean

Archaeology 26(1)3ndash26

Given Michael and Arthur Bernard Knapp

2003 The Sydney Cyprus Survey Project Social Approaches to Regional

Archaeological Survey Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of

Archaeology

Hodder Ian

1999 The Archaeological Process An Introduction Oxford Blackwell

2000 Developing a Reflexive Method in Archaeology In Towards

Reflexive Method in Archaeology The Example at Ccedilatalhoumlyuumlk Ian

Hodder ed Pp 3ndash14 Cambridge McDonald Institute

Johnson Matthew

1999 Archaeological Theory An Introduction Oxford Blackwell

Tartaron Thomas F

2006 The Eastern Korinthia Archaeological Survey Integrated Methods

for a Dynamic Landscape Hisperia 75(1)435ndash505

Watrous LV Desponia Hadzi-Vallianou and Harriet Blitzer

2004 The Plains of Phaistos Cycles of Social Complexity in the Mesara

Region of Crete Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of Archaeology

  • FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-Frontmatter
  • FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-BookReviews
  • Mann-FN-Vol7(1)-2015-REVIEWS-LandscapeAndInteractionTheTroodosArchaeologicalAndEnvironmentalSurveyProjectCyprusVols1amp2

96 BOOK REVIEWS Landscape And Interaction

Notes

i httpintarchacukjournalissue204pottfindcfm

References

Bintliff John

1996 Interactions of Theory Methodology and Practice Archaeological

Dialogues 3(2)246ndash255

Caraher William

2006 Siteless Survey and Intensive Data Collection in an Artifact-Rich

Environment Case Studies from the Eastern Corinthia Greece

Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 3(2)246ndash255

Fleming Andrew

2006 Post-Processual Landscape Archaeology A Critique Cambridge

Archaeological Journal 16(3)267ndash280

Given Michael

2013 Commotion Collaboration Conviviality Mediterranean Survey and

the Interpretation of Landscape Journal of Mediterranean

Archaeology 26(1)3ndash26

Given Michael and Arthur Bernard Knapp

2003 The Sydney Cyprus Survey Project Social Approaches to Regional

Archaeological Survey Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of

Archaeology

Hodder Ian

1999 The Archaeological Process An Introduction Oxford Blackwell

2000 Developing a Reflexive Method in Archaeology In Towards

Reflexive Method in Archaeology The Example at Ccedilatalhoumlyuumlk Ian

Hodder ed Pp 3ndash14 Cambridge McDonald Institute

Johnson Matthew

1999 Archaeological Theory An Introduction Oxford Blackwell

Tartaron Thomas F

2006 The Eastern Korinthia Archaeological Survey Integrated Methods

for a Dynamic Landscape Hisperia 75(1)435ndash505

Watrous LV Desponia Hadzi-Vallianou and Harriet Blitzer

2004 The Plains of Phaistos Cycles of Social Complexity in the Mesara

Region of Crete Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of Archaeology

  • FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-Frontmatter
  • FieldNotes-2015-Vol7(1)-BookReviews
  • Mann-FN-Vol7(1)-2015-REVIEWS-LandscapeAndInteractionTheTroodosArchaeologicalAndEnvironmentalSurveyProjectCyprusVols1amp2