Lenguage Policy Report 2015 - Llengua Gencat

cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüísti-ca • Plans educatius d’entorn • Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • Cursos • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Optimot Plans educatius d’entorn • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • cata là • Cursos • parla.cat Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Foment de l’ús • Plans educatius torn • Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • Cursos • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn • Optimot Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn • Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn •Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • Cursos • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn Optimot • Foment de l’ús •Cursos • Ús del català • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Optimot Plans educatius d’entorn • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • cata là • Cursos • parla.cat Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Foment de l’ús • Plans educatius torn • Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • Cursos • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projec-ció exterior • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn • Optimot Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn • Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn • Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • Cursos • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Optimot Plans educatius d’entorn • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • cata là • Cursos • parla.cat Voluntariat per la llengua • Polí-tiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Foment de l’ús • Plans educatius torn • Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • Cursos • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús • Im-mersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn • Optimot Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn • Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior • Fomentde l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn • Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • Cursos • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús Immersió lingüísti-ca • Plans educatius d’entorn Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua

Language Policy Report

2015

Generalitat of CatalunyaMinistry of Culture

The current language situation 5

Language knowledge among the population 6

Language use among the population 12

Language in the socioeconomic world 14

Language use in the media and ICT 19

Language use in cultural industries 23

Language use in education 26

The Justice Administration 33

Government action 39

Promotion of knowledge of Catalan 40

Certificates of Catalan knowledge 50

Tools and services for language quality 53

Fostering the use of Catalan 58

Language rights 79

International exposure 81

The teaching of Catalan abroad 81

Collaboration with other Catalan-speaking territories 87

Activities in the Spanish State 100

Involvement in European organisations 101

Sign language in Catalan (LSC) 103

Promotion of knowledge of Catalan sign language 103

Occitan; Aranese in Val d’Aran 107

The language situation of Aranese Occitan 107

Promoting knowledge of Aranese 113

Encouraging the use of Aranese 115

The legal framework 119

Legislation corresponding to 2015 119

Jurisdictional action 124

Pending regulations 127

Other Catalan-speaking regions: regulatory changes 128

Annexes 131

Budget 132

Institutional structure 139

Summary

35.26 % of the adult population of Catalonia was born elsewhere: 17 % abroad and 18.26 % in the rest of Spain.

63.6 % of the Catalan population is concentrated in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona.

The Metropolitan Area of Barcelona and Camp de Tarragona are the areas with the largest number of people born outside Catalonia.

94.3 % of the population aged over 15 understand Catalan and 80.4 % are able to speak it.

Terres de l’Ebre, the Ponent region, the High Pyrenees and Aran, the central counties and Girona are the areas with the highest knowledge of Catalan.

662,300 people have other native languages than Catalan and Spanish.

The use of oral language for business exceeds 90 % in Tortosa, and 80 % in Girona and Lleida.

Catalan features on 30 % of the websites of major brands and 60 % of their customer helplines.

The radio is the medium through which Catalan is most widely used, with 64.1 % of listeners.

The use of websites in Catalan has increased by 7 points.

Attendance of shows in Catalan has increased by 6 points.

The average grade achieved by secondary school students is close to 70 % for Catalan, Spanish, English and French.

The average use of Catalan on university degree courses is 75 %. On Master's courses this figure is 54.5 %.

The proportion of court rulings in Catalan is 8.4 %. County courts issue the most rulings in Catalan, at 23 %.

The level of agreement for language unification across the seven Catalan-speaking regions is 80 %.

99.2 % of the population born in Val d’Aran understand Aranese Occitan.

The language situation{

{EducationCommunity education plans have reached 302,954 students.

657 language-learning and cultural activities for newly-arrived students and families.

5,915 students on Catalan courses run by universities and 1,211 university students on Parla.cat.

INTERCAT, the platform of online resources for university students from outside Catalonia: 145,208 users.

Nearly 1.7 million people have learnt Catalan through the CPNL.

70,946 people enrolled for CPNL courses in 159 localities.

64.7 % of the people who signed up for the Consortium courses as a whole were born abroad.

Parla.cat: 41,293 new enrolments and 549 tutored courses.

207,762 people have registered on Parla.cat since 2008.

144,945 visits to Parla.cat from other parts of Spain.

211,298 visits to Aula Mestra, from 86 different countries.

Over 3,000 activities for creating courses on Aula Mestra.

More than 60,000 queries on the language learning search engine.

526 Catalan students on the Work Insertion Programme, 1,622 from the hospitality sector on CPNL courses and 1,112 hours of training at local economic promotion centres.

13,862 people have obtained Catalan certificates. Since 2002, 261,826 have been issued

6,203 students of Catalan language and culture at 148 foreign universities.

189 examinees for Catalan certificate exams in Madrid.

1,791 students on the online Aranese course since 2010.

New online courses as an introduction to the Occitan language and culture.

47 centres of excellence for students with hearing impairments. 7 centres offering bilingual LSC (Catalan Sign Language) - Catalan within compulsory education.

31 students at Pompeu Fabra University (UPF) taking the course in Catalan sign language for their Applied Languages degree.

Legal frameworkAct 1/2015, of 5 February 2015, on the Special Regime of Aran: provides Aran with general protection as a national reality with its own personality, which is separate from and complements the language regulation of Act 35/2010, of 1 October 2010, on Occitan, Aranese in Aran.

The Constitutional Court has yet to issue a ruling on the claims against linguistic aspects of the following Catalan acts:• Act 12/2009, of 10 July 2009,

on Education.• Act 35/2010, of 1 October 2010,

on Occitan, Aranese in Aran.

• Act 22/2010, of 20 July 2010, on the Consumer Code of Catalonia.

• Act 20/2010, of 7 July 2010, on the Film Industry.

• Act 10/2010, of 7 May 2010, on the reception of immigrants and returnees to Catalonia.

The Commission of Ministers and the Commission of Experts of the Council of Europe reiterated Spain’s failure to comply with the recommendations on the use of the Catalan language and recognized new violations of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages.

Fostering use13,500,000 searches on Optimot, the online language reference service.

40 million words translated by the automatic translation tool of the Generalitat de Catalunya (Government of Catalonia).

New web page on place names at Llengua.gencat.cat

106 online terminology dictionaries at TERMCAT and over 112,000 new terminology entries.

2,359 accreditations on the Register of sworn translators and interpreters.

Over 100,000 language pairs through VxL (Language Volunteering) since 2003.

4,678 organizations and establishments collaborating with VxL.

1,814 activities to promote VxL, with 63,791 participants.

745,961 viewers of cinema in Catalan.

232 films and 23 series subtitled in Catalan on Canal+ plus 112 films subtitled in Catalan at Texas Cinemas.

Over 1,000 hours of programmes dubbed into Catalan by TVC (Catalan Television).

VOSCdb, a new information database of films subtitled in Catalan.

Support for 41 projects in Catalan for business and a new line of subsidies for translating non-literary works.

965 accords and agreements between the CPNL and the socioeconomic sector.

«El teu web, també en català!», a campaign directed at SMEs to increase the virtual use of the language.

The Jocs en català (Games in Catalan) app gives access to nearly 600 games in Catalan.

Agafa el micro.cat, (Grab the mike.cat), online karaoke with music in Catalan.

1,314 legal professionals took courses in Catalan and legal terminology.

Language programmes in youth detention centres.

Support for 70 projects that foster the use of Catalan instigated by organisations.

171 organizations make up the Census of Organisations that promote the Catalan language.

The project T’agradarà llegir en català was instigated in health centre waiting rooms.

The exhibition Catalan, a European language toured 51 different towns.

Around 7.3 million visits to the language policy websites.

561 requests to the Language Guarantees Office.

Agreement between TERMCAT and the Terminology Coordination Unit of the European Parliament.

A new study examines the concept of an official language in State constitutions in greater depth.

A new award recognises individuals, organizations and initiatives that promote Catalan sign language.

The 8th Occitan Film Festival was held in 34 locations.

Constitution of the Institut d’Estudis Aranesi (Institute of Aranese Studies), the official language academy of Aranese Occitan.

{

{

5 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2015

The first part of the Language Policy Report presents the figures on the current situation of the language in Catalan society, this information being essential for designing and monitoring the

language policies implemented by the Catalan Government. Firstly, the Report provides general data on the knowledge and use of Catalan and other lan-

guages in Catalonia. Secondly, it describes the indicators available on the linguistic situation in var-ious social and business sectors.

In the case of general data, the main sources are the most recent Population Census, which was carried out in 2011, and the Survey of Language Use Among the Public at Large, the most recent of which is from 2013. The Reports on Language Policy of the last few years have presented the main data from these two sources. This year we are also including data that offers a more regionalized vision of the current situation of the language.

With regard to the different social and business sectors, the indicators have been updated and new indicators have been added such as the availability and use of Catalan by major brands and in information and communication technologies.

The current language situation


Language knowledge among the population

The population of CataloniaThe total population of Catalonia in 2015 was 7,508,106 inhabitants. Of these, more than half (64.7 %, 4,857,555) were born in Catalonia; 1,370,930 (18.26 %) were born elsewhere in Spain, and 1,279,621 were born abroad (17 %). These percentages have remained relatively stable over the last four years.

The foreign Spanish-speaking population of Catalonia is 229,624 people and represents 22.3 % —two percentage points less than in 2014— of the total population of foreign nationals.

Source: Idescat. Ongoing population census.

Born in the rest of Spain

Born abroad

Born in Catalonia

Population place of birth. 1981-2015

100 %

90 %

80 %

70 %

60 %

50 %

40 %

30 %

20 %

10 %

0 %

1986 1991 1996 2003 2008 2013 2014 20151981

63.4 %

1.5 %

34.4 %

65.9 %

1.7 %

32.3 %

67.5 %

1.7 %

30.8 %

68.4 %

2.8 %

28.8 %

66.0 %

9.3 %

24.7 %

62.8 %

16.4 %

20.9 %

64.3 %

17.2 %

18.5 %

64.7 %

17.0 %

18.3 %

63.7 %

17.5 %

18.8 %

Foreign population* by country 2015

Source: Idescat. Ongoing population. census.

country % of total population foreign population

Morocco 214,250 20.8 %

Romania 93,668 9.1 %

China 51,510 5.0 %

Italy 48,733 4.7 %

Pakistan 42,787 4.2 %

Bolivia 35,376 3.4 %

France 31,654 3.1 %

Ecuador 31,590 3.1 %

Colombia 25,716 2.5 %

Russia 21,319 2.1 %

Honduras 21,314 2.1 %

Senegal 19,889 1.9 %

India 19,255 1.9 %

Peru 19,169 1.9 %

Germany 19,155 1.9 %

Dominican Republic 19,090 1.9 %

United Kingdom 19,022 1.9 %

Ukraine 18,542 1.8 %

Argentina 18,429 1.8 %

Brazil 16,146 1.6 %

Other countries 241,455 23.5 %

TOTAL 1,028,069 100 %

*Population with foreign nationality.


Population by regionThe population of Catalonia is unequally distributed between the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona and the rest of the territory. Thus 4,776,107 people live in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona, ac-counting for more than half the population of Catalonia (63.6 %). None of the other regional areas represents more than 10 % of the total population in Catalonia. The most populated areas are the counties of Girona, which account for 9.8 % of the total population, followed by Camp de Tarragona (6.8 %) and the Penedès region (6.2 %). The central counties (5.3 %), the Ponent region (4.8 %), Terres de l’Ebre (2.4 %) and the High Pyrenees and Aran (1 %) are the areas with the smallest populations.

Population by region. 2015

1,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000 4,000,000 5,000,0000

Metropolitan Area

Counties of Girona

Camp de Tarragona

Penedès

Central counties

Ponent region

Terres de l’Ebre

High Pyrenees and Aran

4,776,107

738,682

512,300

464,285

397,038

363,783

182,867

73,044


{ {A total of 63.6 % of the population of

Catalonia is concentrated in the Metropolitan Area

of Barcelona


Origin of population by regionOne of the most significant aspects in language use is the place of birth. With regard to origin, the cen-tral counties (75.3 %, 298,836 people) and Terres de l’Ebre (73.4 %, 134,282) have a higher proportion of people born within Catalonia, around 10 percentage points above the proportion of Catalan-born people in the region as a whole (64.7 %). Meanwhile, the counties of Girona have a foreign-born population (21.1 %, 155,678) almost five percentage points above the regional average (17 %). The Metropolitan Area of Barcelona (20.3 %, 970,089) and Camp de Tarragona (19.6 %, 100,180) are the areas with the highest number of people born in the rest of Spain, though this proportion is not much higher than that of the rest of the region.

Central counties

Terres de l’Ebre

Ponent region

High Pyrenees and

Aran

Penedès

Counties of Girona

Camp de Tarragona

Metropolitan Area

Catalonia

100 %50 % 90 %40 % 80 %30 % 70 %20 % 60 %10 %0 %

Distribution of population by place of birth and region. 2015


64.7 % 18.3 % 17.0 %

62.7 % 20.3 % 16.9 %

Catalonia

Rest of Spain

Abroad

The Metropolitan Area and Camp de Tarragona

are the areas with the

highest number of residents

born outside Catalonia

{ {65.4 % 13.5 % 21.1 %

63.2 % 19.6 % 17.3 %

73.4 % 9.3 % 17.3 %

70.0 % 11.4 % 18.5 %

75.3 % 12.2 % 12.5 %

69.1 % 13.6 % 17.3 %

68.0 % 18.1 % 14.0 %


The 2013 Survey showed that the population growth sparked by the surge in immigration be-tween 2003 and 2013 led to a slight tailing off in percentage terms: 2.2 points for people who under-stand it, 6.6 points for those who speak it, and 1.6 points for those who can write the language. In absolute figures, however, there was an increase of 475,800 in the number of people who can speak Catalan, 443,700 in those who can understand it, and 472,500 in those who can write it.

The implementation of Catalan in the educational

system and the public administration, the

promotional efforts of the CPNL and the consolidation

of the media in Catalan

have been key to the growth of Catalan use

since 1981

Knowledge of Catalan: evolution across the region as a wholeThe most recent reliable data on knowledge of Catalan come from the Language Census (2011) and the Survey of Language Use Among the Public at Large (2013). These data, which have already been presented in previous Language Policy Reports, largely show spectacular growth in terms of both percentages and absolute numbers in Catalan speakers between 1981 and 2013 as a result of various factors, most notably the widespread implementation of Catalan in the educational system and the public administration, adult education classes in Catalan, the promotional efforts of the Consortium for Language Normalisation, and the consolidation of the general media in Catalan.

Understands

Can speak it

Can read it

Can write it

Source: drawn up by DGPL, based on data from Idescat (1986 to 2011). Survey of Language Use of the Public at Large 2013 (aged 15 and over).

100 %

90 %

80 %

70 %

60 %

50 %

40 %

30 %

Knowledge of Catalan. 1981- 2011People aged 2+.

2013. 15 years and over

1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2007 2011 2013

79.8 %

90.3 %

64.0 %

60.5 %

68.3 %

67.6 %

39.9 %

31.5 %

75.3 %

72.4 %

45.8 %

74.5 %

74.3 %

49.8 %

75.6 %79.1 %

73.0 %

56.3 %

73.2 %

80.4 %

60.4 %

55.8 %

93.8 % 95.0 % 94.5 % 93.8 % 95.2 % 94.3 %82.4 %

{

{


Catalan knowledge in the different regionsA regional analysis of Catalan knowledge based on the data from the Survey of Language Use Among the Public at Large in 2013 reveals two main segments, which is also reflected in the use of the lan-guage. One segment is made up of the regions of Terres de l’Ebre, Ponent, the High Pyrenees and Aran, the central counties and Girona, which show high usage percentages that are above the average for Catalonia as a whole. The dynamic is different when it comes to the coastal strip, which includes the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona, the Penedès region and Camp de Tarragona, where the percent-ages are generally lower.

Terres de l’Ebre, the Ponent region, the High

Pyrenees and Aran, the central counties

and Girona are the areas with the highest

knowledge of CatalanComparison

between first language, identification language, habitual language and knowledge of Catalan by region. 2013

Source: EULP. People aged 15+. DGPL and Idescat.

knowledge first language identification habitual of catalan catalan with catalan language catalan

Barcelona city 74.10 % 32.50 % 35.6 % 34.6 %

Rest of the metropolitan area 68.50 % 22.60 % 25.2 % 24.2 %

Counties of Girona 79.30 % 47.40 % 50.2 % 51.6 %

Camp de Tarragona 71.40 % 37.30 % 38.8 % 38.7 %

Terres de l’Ebre 85.10 % 70.90 % 71.6 % 74.0 %

Ponent region 82.70 % 55.90 % 57.1 % 62.0 %

Central counties 85.40 % 52.90 % 59.5 % 63.4 %

High Pyrenees and Aran 83.00 % 54.50 % 60.8 % 61.4 %

Penedès 74.30 % 35.30 % 38.3 % 35.8 %

Catalonia 73.50 % 33.70 % 36.6 % 36.4 %

{ {


Knowledge of Catalan in the main towns and citiesThe Population Census, which is held every ten years, also provides data on the language knowledge of the population in each munic-ipality. According to these data, the percent-age of the population that knows how to speak Catalan in the 50 biggest towns and cities of Catalonia ranges between 82.2 % in Sant Cugat del Vallès, the city where the highest number of people can speak Catalan, and 50 % in Santa Coloma de Gramenet, where the lowest num-ber of people know how to speak it.

Ability to speak Catalan by municipality. 2011

82.2 %81.6 %

80.3 %80.3 %

79.4 %79.0 %78.8 %

77.8 %75.3 %75.2 %75.1 %74.7 %

74.0 %72.8 %72.6 %72.3 %72.3 %72.2 %71.8 %71.4 %71.1 %71.1 %70.8 %70.7 %70.5 %

69.8 %69.2 %68.8 %68.6 %

67.6 %67.6 %67.6 %

66.8 %66.7 %66.5 %66.2 %

66.0 %65.5 %64.9 %64.4 %64.2 %64.0 %63.5 %

62.5 %61.9 %

57.9 %57.3 %57.2 %

54.7 %50.7 %

0 % 20 % 40 % 60 % 80 %

Sant Cugat del VallèsIgualadaGironaTortosaOlotManresaVilafranca del PenedèsVicVilanova i la GeltrúLleidaPremià de MarReusBlanesSant Pere de RibesGranollersBarcelonaTerrassaCerdanyola del VallèsSabadellSitgesCambrilsSant Feliu de LlobregatVendrell, elPineda de MarTarragonaMataróRubíMartorellGavàMollet del VallèsFigueresMontcada i ReixacSant Joan DespíSaltBarberà del VallèsCastelldefelsSant Vicenç dels HortsViladecansSant Boi de LlobregatSant Adrià de BesòsEsplugues de LlobregatRipolletSant Andreu de la BarcaPrat de Llobregat, elBadalonaSalouLloret de MarCornellà de LlobregatHospitalet de Llobregat, l’Santa Coloma de Gramenet

Sou

rce:

Lan

guag

e C

ensu

s.

Sant Cugat del Vallès,

with 82.2 %, is the Catalan city with the

highest number of Catalan speakers

{ {


Language use by regionIn Terres de l’Ebre, Catalan is the native, identification and habitual language for over 70 % of the population. By contrast, Barcelona and the rest of its Metropolitan Area is where Catalan is cited least frequently as the native, identification or habitual language: between 23 % and 35 %. This pat-tern matches that of knowledge of Catalan, which reveals the highest percentages in Terres de l’Ebre (85 %) and the central counties (85 %) and the lowest in the rest of the Metropolitan Area (68 %) and Camp de Tarragona (71 %).

In five of the nine regions, most of the population use Catalan as their main language. In Camp de Tarragona, the Penedès region and the Metropolitan Area there is some diversification of groups, and while the number of people who predominantly use Spanish are the most populous group, they represent around one-third of the population. In the rest of the Metropolitan Area, most of the population uses Spanish as their main language.

The Terres de l’Ebre is the region

where most people

use Catalan as their native,

identification and habitual

language

Sociolinguistic groups by region. 2013

Source: EULP. People aged 15+. DGPL and Idescat.

mainly use alternates between mainly use mainly use other catalan catalan and spanish spanish languages and spanish

Barcelona city 30.1 % 24.6 % 35.3 % 10.0 %

Rest of the metropolitan area 20.9 % 20.4 % 52.1 % 6.6 %

Counties of Girona 53.2 % 16.3 % 17.9 % 12.6 %

Camp de Tarragona 36.1 % 19.7 % 34.0 % 10.2 %

Terres de l’Ebre 73.2 % 9.6 % 9.1 % 8.2 %

Ponent region 63.2 % 13.2 % 13.7 % 9.9 %

Central counties 63.1 % 17.1 % 14.1 % 5.7 %

High Pyrenees and Aran 61.1 % 12.1 % 15.9 % 10.9 %

Penedès 34.6 % 21.5 % 35.1 % 8.8 %

{ {

Language use among the population


Population with other native languages by regionIn Catalonia there are 662,300 people with a native language other than Catalan or Spanish (i.e. the first language they learnt to speak). Of these, the most common language is Arabic which is the native language of over 150,000 people. This is the case for most of the region apart from the High Pyrenees and Aran and Terres de l’Ebre, where it is the second of other native languages.

Romanian, spoken by over 56,000 people, is the main native language of the population seg-ment with different native languages in the High Pyrenees and Aran and Terres de l’Ebre; it is the second most common language in the Ponent region and Camp de Tarragona, and the third in the central counties.

The third most common language mentioned as a native language is Berber or Amazigh, with around 42,000 people; this is the most common of other native languages in the central counties and Girona, and the third most common in Terres de l’Ebre and Camp de Tarragona.

662,300 people have other native

languages than Catalan and Spanish

41.8 38.8 33.2 31.9 29.2 26.5 26.5

2.2

200

150

100

50

0

Source: EULP2013. People aged 15+. DGPL and Idescat.

Population with other languages as first language. 2013 (thousands)

56.1

romanian amazigh french galician russian italian english portuguese aranese 0ther combi-

nations

arabic other languages

151.7

193.5

31.0

{ {


Use of Catalan in signage in the commercial sectorAn analysis of the commercial linguistic landscape, drawn up from the observation of 6,434 estab-lishments in the cities of Barcelona, Girona, Tarragona, Lleida and Tortosa, gives us an idea of the use of the Catalan language in commercial establishments. The data collected from the 2015 study provides an index of between 0 and 100 points that sum up the availability of Catalan in different business sectors.

This reveals that the use of language in signage in the main cities of Catalonia is unequal. The Ofercat signage index is equal to or higher than 70 points in Tortosa, Girona and Lleida, while in Barcelona and Tarragona it is around 60 points. The analysis also reveals that the two latter cities have higher points when it comes to identifying signage (i.e. the establishment’s main sign) than in-formative signage (signs in the shop window), while in Tortosa, Girona and Lleida the use of Catalan is higher in informative signage.

The Ofercat Index for signage

is equal to or higher than 70 points

in Tortosa, Girona and Lleida

Language in the socioeconomic world

Informative signage

Identifying signage

Ofercat Index for signage inBarcelona (2012), Girona, Lleida, Tarragona and Tortosa (2015)

Source: General Directorate for Language Policy, Ofercat.

barcelona(2012)

girona(2015)

lleida (2015)

tarragona (2015)

tortosa (2015)

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

67

56

79

85

74

83

61

71

55

92

{ {


Availability and use of Catalan in oral communications in the commercial sectorThis analysis also covers the availability and use of Catalan in verbal communications in commercial establishments. On the one hand, it shows which language the conversation is initiated in (identifi-cation) and on the other the adaption of the language to the customer in question (adaptation). In this case, the pattern observed in the information on the signage of commercial establishments is heightened. Tortosa has the highest index in terms of oral language use (in terms of both identifica-tion and adaptation), with over 90 points.

In Girona and Lleida the points are equal to or higher than 80 in both indexes. These levels exceed those obtained from establishments in Barcelona and Tarragona by 10 points. It is worth mentioning that in the case of the last two cities, the difference between language identification and adaptation is much more noticeable than in the other cities, reaching as high as 30 points.

The Ofercat

Index on oral language exceeds

90 points in Tortosa and 80 points in Girona

and Lleida

Language of oral adaptation

Language of oral identification

The Ofercat Index on oral language use in Barcelona (2012), Girona, Lleida, Tarragona and Tortosa (2015).

Source: General Directorate for Language Policy, Ofercat.

barcelona(2012)

girona (2015)

lleida (2015)

tarragona (2015)

tortosa (2015)

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

40

70

8287

80

87

44

93

71

94

{ {


Availability of Catalan on the websites of major brandsIn order to raise awareness of the situation of Catalan in the socioeconomic world, we have analysed the use of the language by 448 of the most important brands operating in Catalonia, measured by the availability of Catalan on their websites and its use on the telephone.

The analysis showed that Spanish is the most widely used language on the websites of the main brands, as well as the initiation language of 80 % of comments, and is available on virtually every website. Catalan appears initially on 15 % of the websites and is available on around 30 %. The option of English or another language is available on over 30 % of the sites.

Catalan is available on

30 % of thewebsites of major

brands

Language available on the website (multiple)

Initial website language

Availability of Catalan on the websites of leading commercial brands. 2015

Source: General Directorate for Language Policy, Ofercat brands.

catalan spanish english 0ther languages

100 %

90 %

80 %

70 %

60 %

50 %

40 %

30 %

20 %

10 %

0 %

16.0 %

4.0 %

0.0 %

29.3 %32.8 % 32.8 %

80.0 %

95.8 %

{ {


Use of Catalan by the telephone services of major brandsMost of the brands use Spanish initially and virtually all of them have Spanish available as an option for telephone helplines. The use of Catalan is better on the telephone than online: it is used initially in almost one-quarter of the cases observed, and more than half the companies have it as an option. Lastly, English and other languages are hardly ever used initially. English is available as an option in almost 75 % of cases and almost half the companies also offer other languages.

Catalan is available

in 60 % of the customer

service lines of major brands

Language available by phone (multiple)

Initial telephone language

Use of Catalan on the customer service helplines of the leading commercial brands. 2015

Source: General Directorate for Language Policy, Ofercat brands.

catalan spanish english other languages

100 %

90 %

80 %

70 %

60 %

50 %

40 %

30 %

20 %

10 %

0 %

22.6 %

0.6 % 0.6 %

61.1 %

72.5 %

44.6 %

73.9 %

96.9 %

{ {

Use of Catalan by major brands according to sectorAs part of the same study, an analysis was made of the use of Catalan by major brands according to their sector. By calculating the weighted average of the availability of Catalan as an initial website language, as an initial telephone language and as a language available on the telephone by sectors, we can see there is a wide variety of situations.

The sectors with over 70 % are utility suppliers and passenger transport. Companies that sell wines and cavas, water and financial services exceed 50 %. Most of the sectors fall between 25 % and 50 %, with the average for the brands in general being 45 %. The sectors with the lowest availability of Catalan are: mobile telephony, motorcycles, electronics and IT, and motor vehicles. In the case of restaurant chains and hygiene and personal care products, the availability of Catalan does not even reach 10 %, these sectors being at the bottom of the ranking.

Availability of Catalan on the websites and telephone services of leading brands. 2015

Source: General Directorate for Language Policy, Ofercat brands. (Indicator construction: weighted average of the availability of Catalan as the initial website language, as a language option on the website, as the initial telephone language, and as a language option on the telephone).

Household utilities

Passenger transport

Wine and cava

Water

Financial services

Supermarkets and hypermarkets

Food in general

Brands in general

Beer

Internet services

Telephone services

Fuel

Clothing

Furniture and household items

Insurance

Airlines

Household cleaning products

Shoes and accessories

Domestic electronic appliances

Mobile phones

Motorcycles

Electronics and IT

Motor vehicles

Restaurant chains

Hygiene and personal care

73.7 %72.0 %

0 % 10 % 20 % 30 % 40 % 50 % 60 % 70 % 80 %

59.3 %56.1 %

51.6 %48.0 %

47.0 %

38.0 %34.0 %

31.8 %30.3 %

29.5 %27.1 %

25.7 %23.3 %

20.8 %19.0 %

15.0 %13.1 %

11.8 %8.9 %

5.8 %

45.3 %44.5 %

39.4 %


Television and radioSome 51.8 % of television viewers have watched programmes in Catalan while 82.3 % have watched programmes in Spanish. In the last year, viewing figures of television in Catalan have decreased, as in 2014 the percentage of people who had watched programmes in Catalan was 54.2 %.

The radio is the medium in which Catalan is most widely used, with 64.1 % of listeners. In recent times, the use of the radio in Catalan has risen slightly, though this can also be seen in the case of Spanish and other languages.

The radio is the medium in which Catalan

is most widely used,

with 64.1 % of listeners

Language use in the media and ICT

Catalan Spanish In other languages

Language of radio use. 2013-2015Multiple-choice question on the total users of each medium

2013 20132014 20142015 2015

Source: Survey on cultural participation in Catalonia. 2015 data re-weighted by place of birth.Source: Survey on cultural participation in Catalonia. 2015 data re-weighted by place of birth.

100 %

90 %

80 %

70 %

60 %

50 %

40 %

30 %

20 %

10 %

0 %

100 %

90 %

80 %

70 %

60 %

50 %

40 %

30 %

20 %

10 %

0 %

2.6 % 1.6 %

Language of television use. 2013-2015Multiple-choice question on the total users of each medium

47.8 %

62.3 %

54.2 %

63.5 %

51.8 %

64.1 %

83.0 %

63.5 %

82.7 %

60.4 %

82.3 %

62.0 %

3.4 % 2.1 %5.7 %4.8 %

{ {


Newspapers and magazines57.1 % of people who read newspapers read them in Catalan while 65 % read them in Spanish. Read-ership of newspapers in Catalan has dropped by two percentage points compared to 2014, though it is still higher than in 2013.

With regard to magazine readership in Catalan, 33.3 % of the population who have read a mag-azine did so in Catalan, compared to 85.3 % who did so in Spanish. Reading of magazines in Catalan has dropped by 12 percentage points compared to 2014, while the use of magazines in Spanish and other languages has increased slightly.

According to the OJD, some 104 digital trade media are published in Catalan, with a total of 76 mil-lion page hits per month (August 2016). This is fourteen more media than for the same period in 2015.

Catalan Spanish In other languages

Language of magazine readership. 2013-2015Multiple-choice question on the total users of each medium

2013 20132014 20142015 2015

Source: Survey on cultural participation in Catalonia. 2015 data re-weighted by place of birth.Source: Survey on cultural participation in Catalonia. 2015 data re-weighted by place of birth.

100 %

90 %

80 %

70 %

60 %

50 %

40 %

30 %

20 %

10 %

0 %

100 %

90 %

80 %

70 %

60 %

50 %

40 %

30 %

20 %

10 %

0 %

1.9 % 4.0 %

Language of newspaper readership. 2013-2015Multiple-choice question on the total users of each medium

49.7 %

20.1 %

59.4 %

45.1 %

57.1 %

33.3 %

62.8 %

90.7 %

60.9 %

82.7 %

65.0 %

85.3 %

1.2 %5.5 % 7.3 %

3.2 %


Websites, social networks and messaging Catalan is present on the ten most popular websites in Catalonia, in contrast to Spanish, English and French which have a lower presence. However, these other languages are available on all the most widely-used social networks and apps in Catalonia, where Catalan has a lower presence. This is explained by the fact that the most frequently consulted websites are more local, while the social networks and instant messaging apps are of international origin.

websites social networks messaging Availability of Catalan on the 10 websites, 10 social networks and 10 messaging apps most widely used in Catalonia. 2013-2015

Language availability on the most visited websites, social networks and messaging apps in Catalonia. 2015

Websites

Instant messaging

Social networks

2013 2014 2015

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

10

10 10 1010 1010 10

9

7

5

9

44 4

665

9

Source: Web browsers. Indicator construction: from the list of 10 websites —Google, Facebook, YouTube, La Vanguardia, Twitter, Live, Ara, El Periodico, Uoc and El País; 10 social networks —Facebook, Twitter, Google+, LinkedIn, Instagram, Pinterest, Flickr,

Tumblr, Foursquare and Badoo; and 10 instant messaging apps —WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger, Skype, Google Talk Telegram, Line, Yahoo Messenger, AOL Instant Messenger, Pidgin and BlackBerry Messenger— most widely used in Catalonia.

Catalan Spanish English French

4

6

Catalan is more often

found on websites

than on the social media and messaging apps

{ {


InternetSome 54.5 % of people who use the internet have browsed pages in Catalan; 89.1 % in Spanish, and 29 % in other languages. Compared to 2014, the use of websites in Catalan has increased by 7 percent-age points and in other languages by 9 percentage points, while Spanish has remained the highest. The fact that internet visits are more multilingual means that the percentage of all languages has increased in 2015.

The use of

websites in Catalan has

increased by 7 points

Language of internet usage. 2013-2015Multiple-choice question on the total users of each medium

100 %

90 %

80 %

70 %

60 %

50 %

40 %

30 %

20 %

10 %

0 %

41.7 %37.6 %

54.4 %

89.1 % 89.1 %88.4 %

25.2 %

catalan spanish other languages

Source: Survey on cultural participation in Catalonia. 2015 data re-weighted by place of birth.

20.7 %

29.0 %

2013 2013 20132014 2014 20142015 2015 2015

{ {


CinemaOf all the cinema sessions in Catalonia, 3.7 % were shown in the original version or with dubbing or subtitling in Catalan. In absolute figures, the total films dubbed, subtitled or original versions in Catalan came to 27,287 - almost 5,000 more than in 2014.

In 2015, of the most recent films seen by cinemagoers, 4.6 % were in Catalan, 86.5 % were in Spanish and the other 8.9 % were in other languages. Compared to 2014 both Spanish and Catalan have tended to decline while there was a slight increase in other languages (by 3 percentage points).

Language use in cultural industries

Catalan Spanish Other

100 %

90 %

80 %

70 %

60 %

50 %

40 %

30 %

20 %

10 %

0 %

Language of most recent film seen. 2009-2015Film sessions in Catalan. Original versions, dubbed and subtitled. 2009-2015

91.3 % 91.4 %

4.7 %

3.8 %

4.3 %

4.5 %

5.1 % 5.1 %

7.9 %

5.3 %

8.3 %

5.5 %8.9 %

6.0 % 5.5 % 4.6 %

Source: Survey on cultural participation in Catalonia. Weighted data for 2015 according to place of birth.

87.3 % 86.4 % 86.5 %88.2 % 88.8 %

2009 20092010 20102011 20112012 20122013 20132014 20142015 2015

100 %

90 %

80 %

70 %

60 %

50 %

40 %

30 %

20 %

10 %

0 %

2.5 % 3.1 % 3.5 % 4.8 % 2.9 % 3.7 %3.0 %

Source: Cultural statistics. Ministry of Culture.


BooksIn 2015, 26.5 % of book readers read a book in Catalan, 65.4 % in Spanish and 8.2 % in other languages. Since 2013 the trend has remained stable and even slightly increased in terms of the percentage of readers of books in Catalan and other languages. There has been

a slight increase in the readership of

books in Catalan

and other languagesLanguage of the last book read. 2009-2015

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

100 %

90 %

80 %

70 %

60 %

50 %

40 %

30 %

20 %

10 %

0 %

71.4 % 70.4 %

4.2 %

24.4 %

5.0 %

25.5 %

5.6 % 5.6 %

26.7 %

5.6 %

27.8 %

5.9 % 8.2 %

24.3 % 24.8 % 26.5 %

Source: Survey on cultural participation in Catalonia. Weighted data for 2015 according to place of birth.

69.0 % 66.6 %70.0 % 69.0 % 65.4 %

Catalan Spanish Other

{ {


PerformanceIn 2015, 59.5 % of theatre and performing arts audiences have seen a show in Catalan, 35.7 % in Spanish and less than 10 % in other languages. Compared to the previous year, there has been a slight increase in audiences of shows in Catalan and other languages, or no spoken language, while audiences of shows in Spanish have dropped by 8 percentage points. These changes underline the trend observed in 2013.

There has been an increase

of 6 percentage points in audience numbers

for shows in Catalan

Language of most recent show seen. 2013-2015

Source: Survey on cultural participation in Catalonia. 2015 data re-weighted by place of birth.

60 %

50 %

40 %

30 %

20 %

10 %

0 %

51.4 % 52.9 %

59.5 %

46.5 %43.8 %

35.7 %

6.8 % 6.7 %8.5 %

6.1 %6.0 %3.8 %

2013 2014 2015

Catalan Spanish Other languages No language

{ {


Language use in education

SchoolchildrenThere were 1,298,140 students enrolled in the regulated educational system in the academic year of 2014-2015, including both public and private schools. This represents an increase of 8,382 students compared to the 2013-2014 academic year, maintaining the trend towards lower growth compared to the changes recorded in the previous decade and up to 2012.

The student population in Catalonia has grown

by more than

8,000 students since last year

Students according to academic year. 2009-2015

1,300,000

1,250,000

1,200,000

1,150,000

1,100,000

2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-2012 2012-2013 2013-2014 2014-2015

1,214,940

1,241,826

1,274,729 1,284,825 1,289,758 1,298,140

Source: Ministry of Education.

170,000

165,000

160,000

155,000

150,000

2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-2012 2012-2013 2013-2014 2014-2015Evolution of foreign students. 2009-2015

157,879

164,027

168,575

162,060

168,486

164,862

Source: Ministry of Education.

This changing trend is explained by the fact that fewer foreign students have enrolled than in previous years. The number of students born outside Catalonia increased up to 2011-2012, after which there was a change in trend during the next year when the number of these students started to drop progressively each year. For the 2014-2015 academic year, 162,060 students of foreign origin were enrolled, slightly fewer than the 164,027 students who enrolled for the 2010-2011 academic year.

{ {


External evaluation of primary educationSince 2008, students in the sixth year of primary school have had to sit an external assessment test on language competence whose results are classified into four levels: high (very good standard), medium-high (good), medium-low (acceptable) and low (no proficiency). In 2015, 70,560 students took this end-of-year test; in other words, 94.5 % of all enrolled students.

The results were similar in all four languages assessed. More than half the students achieved a high or medium-high standard of Catalan (around 25 % high and 35 % medium-high) while around 20 % had a medium-low level and 15 % a low standard. In order, the best results were in Spanish —63.5 % with a high or medium-high level—, followed by Catalan (61.8 %), English (61.2 %) and finally French (58.8 %).

100 %50 % 90 %40 % 80 %30 % 70 %20 % 60 %10 %0 %

Medium-to-low

Low

High

Medium-to-high

Percentage of students at each level of skills achievement. 6th year of primary. 2015

Catalan language(68,387 students)

Spanish language(68,609 students)

English language(68,342 students)

French(369 students)

14.8 %

14.2 %

16.4 %

14.4 %

23.4 %

22.3 %

22.4 %

26.8 %

37.2 %

38.0 %

35.3 %

33.9 %

24.6 %

25.5 %

25.9 %

24.9 %

Source: System of educational indicators in Catalonia. Higher Council for Evaluation of the Education System.


Evolution of language competence at primary levelThe average grades for competence in the different languages showed an upward trend between 2013 and 2015 with the exception of French. To be specific, between 2013 and 2014 there was an increase in the average grade for competence in Catalan, Spanish and English, and between 2014 and 2015 this level either remained stable or decreased slightly. The average grade for Catalan has risen from 71.1 points in 2013 to 74.5 in 2015. The grade for Spanish has risen from 73 points in 2013 to 75.7 this year. English achieved a grade of 73 points in 2013, rising to 74.5 in 2015. However, the average grade for French language competence declined between 2013 (72 points) and 2014 (63.1 points), though picking up again slightly in 2015 (65.8 points).

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0


71.175.5 74.5

catalan language

2013 2014 2015

73.075.4 75.7

spanish

2013 2014 2015

73.075.1 74.5

english

2013 2014 2015

72.0

63.1 65.8

french

2013 2014 2015

Evolution of the average language competence grade. 6th year of primary. 2013-2015

The results obtained from

assessment tests were similar for Catalan,

Spanish and English

{ {


External evaluation of secondary schoolsThese assessment tests were also held for the fourth time this year for students at the fourth year of compulsory secondary education (ESO), involving 58,377 students. The results are very different to those for primary schools. Here, the highest level is for Catalan, in which 72.4 % of students demon-strated a high or medium-high standard. In Spanish, the number of students with a high or medi-um-high standard also exceeded 70 %, though very slightly lower (71 %). French came third (64.5 %) and finally 62.2 % of students achieved a high or medium-high standard of English.

100 %50 % 90 %40 % 80 %30 % 70 %20 % 60 %10 %0 %

Percentage of students at each level of language competence at fourth-year ESO tests. 2015

Catalan language(57,961 students)

Spanish language(58,064 students)

English language(57,797 students)

French(288 students)

11.1 %

13.6 %

19.0 %

14.6 %

16.5 %

16.7 %

18.8 %

20.8 %

42.5 %

43.7 %

30.7 %

39.9 %

29.9 %

26.0 %

31.5%

24.7 %


Medium-to-low

Low

High

Medium-to-high


Evolution of language competence in secondary school studentsWith regard to the evolution of the average grades, in 2013 all the languages except French experi-enced slight growth (between 2 and 3 points). In 2014 these figures remained stable, apart from Eng-lish, which dropped by almost 3 points. Finally, this year Catalan, Spanish and French have achieved a slightly lower figure than in 2014 —especially French, which has dropped by 5.7 points—while English has recovered nearly all the points it lost in 2013.

The average grade for secondary school

students is almost 70 %

in all four languages100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0


76.6 77.1 76.3

catalan language

2013 2014 2015

76.0 76.4 75.2

spanish

2013 2014 2015

69.866.9

69.3

english

2013 2014 2015

76.8 76.9 71.2

french

2013 2014 2015

Evolution of the average language competence grade. 4th year of ESO (secondary education). 2013-2015

{ {


Language use in degree coursesThe figures of language use in graduate and masters’ degree courses were obtained by extrapolation from the subjects whose teaching language is known; in other words over 95 % of all courses.

The weighted average shows that while Catalan and Spanish have similar percentages in the last three years, English, as a third language, has tended to rise. A detailed analysis of these data high-lights the fact that this process of internationalization is unequal, depending on the university. Thus while most of the universities have percentages below 10 %, Pompeu Fabra University gave almost one-quarter of its courses (24.3 %) in English.

The average use of Catalan

on degree courses has remained at around

75 %

Language use in degree courses. 2012-2015

100 %

90 %

80 %

70 %

60 %

50 %

40 %

30 %

20 %

10 %

0 %

Source: Secretariat for Universities and Research.

UB UAB UPC UPF UdG UdL weighted averageURV

72.8

4.3

22.9

20132014

72.5

13.6

13.9

20132014

7.3

9.9

20132014

72.2

5.3

22.5

20142015

73.2

11.9

14.9

20142015

48.8

24.3

26.9

20142015

83.6

8.6

7.8

20142015

71.8

5.2

23.0

20122013

69.8

13.2

17.0

20122013

77.9

8.7

13.4

20142015

75.1

9.0

15.9

20122013

55.8

16.8

27.4

20122013

90.7

1.87.5

20122013

5.2

6.7

20132014

88.1

8.7

8.6

20132014

82.7

3.3

8.1

20132014

88.6

5.7

6.4

20142015

88.0

9.9

15.6

20142015

74.5

5.6

10.2

20142015

84.3

7.0

8.6

20122013

84.4

8.6

16.0

20122013

75.4

9.1

14.4

20132014

76.5

4.03.9

20122013

92.1

82.8

52.2

20132014

20.2

Catalan Spanish Other languages

{ {

27.6


Language use in teaching Masters’ coursesThe language of Master’s courses shows the same trend for internationalization, but in a much more accentuated way. While there was a drop in the percentage of English as a third language in the 2013-2014 academic year compared to the previous one, the weighted average for 2014-2015 has risen again and is now more than double the figure for degree courses in this same year (19.4 %). The presence of Catalan has diminished slightly over the last few years, while Spanish has remained steady after a growth of six points in the 2012-2013 academic year.

The average use of Catalan on Master’s

courses is

54.5 %

Language use in teaching Master's courses. 2012-2015

UB UAB UPC UPF UdG UdL weighted averageURV

100 %

90 %

80 %

70 %

60 %

50 %

40 %

30 %

20 %

10 %

0 %

Source: Secretariat for Universities and Research.Catalan Spanish Other languages

20142015

51.2

12.3

36.5

20122013

70.2

13.3

16.5

20142015

19.8

34.2

20142015

39.4

38.5

22.1

20142015

18.7

13.5

20132014

55.8

10.8

33.4

20122013

58.2

12.2

29.6

20132014

61.1

19.4

19.5

20132014

41.7

39.5

18.8

20122013

44.4

39.4

16.2

20132014

27.4

40.2

32.4

20122013

32.9

37.3

29.8

20132014

66.3

17.8

15.9

20122013

73.2

15.0

11.8

20142015

12.2

26.2

61.6

20142015

19.4

26.0

54.5

20142015

22.3

18.0

59.7

20132014

19.3

11.1

69.6

20122013

12.0

25.2

62.8

20132014

17.0

26.2

56.8

20122013

22.3

20.8

56.9

20132014

10.3

29.1

60.6

20122013

17.1

16.0

66.9

20142015

69.8

17.5

12.7

46

67.8

{ {


Court rulingsThe use of Catalan in judicial rulings is around 8.4 % and there has been a downward trend in terms of both absolute numbers and percentages since 2009.

The proportion of court rulings in Catalan is

8.4 %

The Justice Administration

Court rulings by language. 2009-2015

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

300,000

250,000

200,000

150,000

100,000

50,000

0

39,97416.0 %

210,56384.0 %

221,35985.5 %

230,30586.9 % 222,849

87.3 %217,54387.6 %

217,79587.8 %

211,50191.6 %

37,64514.5 %

34,73413.1 %

32,47912.7 %

30,69812.4 %

30,35412.2 % 19,375

8.4 %

Spanish

Source: Ministry of Justice. Change of methodology in recounting data from 2015.

{ {

Catalan


The use of Catalan in

procedural

documents represents

18 %

With regard to interlocutory rulings notified to the DGAC, issued by judicial bodies based in Catalonia, it should be noted that:

• The percentage of interlocutory rulings in Catalan is 11 %, almost identical to the figure for 2014.

• By province, the percentages of interlocutory rulings notified in Catalan to the DGAC are: Girona (27.50 %), Lleida (21.3 %), Tarragona (16.49 %) and Barcelona (9.06 %).

• In addition to these figures, a new indicator has been added in 2015: the language used in the procedural documents notified by judicial bodies to the DGAC. Catalan was used in 18 % of these documents. This percentage raises the figures considerably for procedural documents in Catalan in terms of the overall figures for rulings (13 %) and interlocutory rulings (1 %).

• In terms of the region in which the judicial body is based, Girona stands out with 77.65 %, followed by Lleida, with 61.35 %. These figures allow us to state that although there is a very high level of Catalan use in handling lawsuits, both judicial and interlocutory rulings generally end up being issued in Spanish.

The use of Catalan in the judicial proceedings of the Generalitat de Catalunya (Government of Catalonia)With regard to the use of Catalan in rulings notified to the Directorate General for Contentious Issues (DGAC) of the Presidential Department, issued by judicial bodies based in Catalonia, it should be noted that:

• The use of Catalan stands at 13 %, almost identical to the figure for 2014.

• Tarragona is the region with the highest proportion of rulings issued in Catalan (16.96 %). It is followed by Lleida (15.02 %), Barcelona (12.41 %) and Girona (9.06 %).

Language of judicial rulings by region

catalan spanish

Tarragona 16.96 % 83.04 %

Lleida 15.02 % 84.98 %

Barcelona 12.41 % 87.59 %

Girona 9.06 % 90.94 %

Source: Ministry of Justice.

Tarragona is the region

with the highest number of rulings

in Catalan

{ {{ {


The use of Catalan according to the issuing judicial body:

• The Supreme Court of Justice of Catalonia (TSJC): 8 % of rulings and 9 % of interlocutory rulings. These percentages have dropped since 2014, when they were 10.58 % for rulings and 10.83 % for interlocutory rulings.

• 13 % of procedural documents, which is higher by 5 points over rulings and 4 points over interlocutory rulings.

With regard to single member bodies or judges:

• In 2015, the highest number of rulings in Catalan were issued by County Court judges, with 23 % (18.54 % in 2014), followed by administrative-litigation judges with 19 % (18.7 % the pre-vious year).

• In terms of interlocutory rulings in Catalan, the highest percentages were found in juvenile courts (30 %; 22.90 % in 2014), social courts (23 %; 22.90 % in 2014) and contentious-adminis-trative courts (18 %; 16.12 % in 2014). There has been an increase in the use of Catalan across the board.

• With regard to procedural documents, the average (18 %) was comfortably exceeded by social courts (38 %), mercantile courts (36 %), contentious courts (27 %) and juvenile courts (21 %).

• However, criminal courts and domestic violence courts produced the lowest amount of doc-uments in Catalan, with 9 % and 1 % respectively.

With regard to procedural documents in Catalan,

the highest use was by the

social courts (38 %)

catalan spanish

Girona 27.50 % 72.50 %

Lleida 21.31 % 78.69 %

Tarragona 16.49 % 83.51 %

Barcelona 9.06 % 90.94 %

Language of rulings by region


The

County Courts issue the most rulings

in Catalan

(23 %)

{ {{ {


Documentation used in property, commercial and real estate registriesThese figures reflect a very unequal situation in terms of geographical regions, which range from the Registry of Berga, where more than 66 % of documents are presented in Catalan, to Registry No. 17 in Barcelona, where documents in Catalan do not even reach 1 % of the total.

Overall, a downward trend has been observed since 2012 in the percentage of documents pre-sented in Catalan in the sample of 23 property registries. The average for the 2015 sample is 15.6 %, one percentage point lower than in 2014.

In general, the language in which documents are recorded corresponds to the language in which they are written.

30 %

25 %

20 %

15 %

10 %

5 %

0 %

20152012 2013 2014Registry documents presented in Catalan. 2012-2015

15.6 %

19.8 % 17.8 %16.9 %

Source: Drawn up by the DGPL based on data from the Deganat Autonòmic dels Registradors de la Propietat, Mercantil i de Béns Mobles (Autonomous Deanery of Registrars of Real Property,

Trade and Personal Property, Catalonia).

Source: Autonomous Deanery of Registrars of Property and Commercial Registrars of Catalonia.

Barcelona No. 10 3.81 %



Berga 70.17 %

Cambrils 3.50 %

L'Escala 22.92 %

Igualada No. 1 25.34 %

Igualada No. 2 13.20 %

Lleida No. 1 6.86 %

Lleida No. 2 5.43 %

Manresa No. 1 26.25 %

Manresa No. 2 26.64 %

Mataró No. 2 11.35 %

Barcelona Companies 4.10 %

Mont-roig del Camp 7.73 %

Reus No. 1 14.97 %

Reus No. 2 30.00 %

Roses No. 1 13.14 %

Tarragona No. 1 9.19 %

Terrassa No. 3 9.33 %

Tremp 13.58 %

Valls 23.12 %

Vilanova i la Geltrú No. 1 1.38 %

Average 15.6 %

Documents presented written in Catalan. 2015


The use of Catalan in notarial documentsThe absolute number of notarial documents in Catalan authorized in Catalonia has increased slightly compared to 2014. This increase is due essentially to the fact that there has been slight increase in notarial processes generally. There were more

notarial documents in Catalan

than in 2014

900,000

800,000

700,000

600,000

500,000

400,000

300,000

200,000

100,000

0

20152012 2013 2014Notarial documents in Catalan. 2012-2015

758,63789.0 %

762,84690.5 %

785,82590.3 %

788,08390.6 %

94,16611.0 %

82,1529.4 %

79,8289.5 %

84,3719.7 %

{ {Source: Notary Association of Catalonia.

SpanishCatalan


The use of Catalan in business documentsThere were 40,665 policies written in Catalan in 2015. There has been no change in the trend of using Catalan, which might be explained by the restructuring of the banking sector.

Commercial documents in Catalan. 2012-2015

20152012 2013 2014

300,000

250,000

200,000

150,000

100,000

50,000

0

217,41584.6 %

233,89885.2 %218,390

80.2 %207,17983.9 %

39,61515.4 %

40,66514.8 %

53,97019.8 % 39,742

16.1 %

Source: Notary Association of Catalonia.

SpanishCatalan


Government action

T he general objective of the language policy is to increase the social use of Catalan. With this aim in mind, language policy actions have focused on facilitating the knowledge and use of Catalan

among adults, especially the immigrant population, with a varied range of training and learning tools that encourage social inclusion and cohesion. Emphasis has also been put on boosting the use of Catalan in sectors where it is deficient, such as business, cinema, universities and the legal world; on providing support for projects developed by other organizations; on strengthening and enhancing the visibility and prestige of Catalan; and on rolling out tools and services that guarantee linguistic quality in every sphere, such as Optimot, Cercaterm, Parla.cat, Aula Mestra and automatic translation systems.

We have also worked for closer institutional cooperation with Catalan-speaking regions and other countries with similar linguistic situations; to promote the knowledge and social use of Aranese Occitan, and to disseminate and promote Catalan sign language.

In addition, in 2015 the TERMCAT Terminology Centre, the body that supports the Catalan government’s language policy, celebrated its 30th anniversary with a series of initiatives. TERMCAT was created in 1985 to coordinate terminology-related activities in the Catalan language by providing high quality services, creating terminology products and standardizing neologisms where needed, to guarantee the availability of Catalan terminology to every educational and business sector and to encourage its use.

With regard to monitoring the evolution of language use, this year it has presented an analysis of the key factors in the Survey of Language Use Among the Public at Large 2013 (EULP 2013), a description of each regional area with a statistical breakdown; a study of the evolution in language knowledge and uses over the ten-year period from 2003 to 2013; and the results of an investigation into the reasons and factors that explain the sociolinguistic situation and evolution in Catalonia.

30 years of

TERMCAT{ {


Formal education

Schoolchildren

In the 2014-2015 academic year, there were 1,298,140 students enrolled in the public and private regulated school system.

The language model for formal education in Catalonia is established on the basis of the language conjunction system that has received international recognition and guarantees that students will be fully conversant with both Catalan and Spanish when they complete their education.

There are 4,878 schools in Catalonia: 3,431 public and 1,447 private schools. There are 20 schools that follow foreign educational systems: 9 of these teach in English, 5 in French, 3 in German, 2 in Italian and 1 in Japanese.

During the 2014-2015 academic year, 162,060 students of foreign nationality were enrolled. There were 660 reception classrooms which handled 8,265 students.

Some 96 community education plans were managed, spread over 76 towns and 890 schools, with a total of 302,954 students (189,926 in infant and primary schools and 113,028 in compulsory secondary education and high schools).

Some 657 events were organized to promote the social use of Catalan as a shared language of cohesion, involving activities associated with popular culture, the promotion of reading, the reception of newly-arrived families and support for school work, amongst other actions.

Assisted study workshops were organized that provided 6,610 students in disadvantaged sociocultural environments (4,592 in primary schools and 2,018 in secondary schools) with a suitable place to study outside school hours to facilitate equal opportunities.

Promoting knowledgeof Catalan

Community education plans have reached

302,954 students

{ {

660 reception classrooms hosted

8,265 students

{ {657 activities on language

and culture for newly-arrived students and their families{ {


Higher EducationThe university language policy fosters actions geared towards guaranteeing the presence of Catalan in the university community in Catalonia and promoting its use among the teaching staff, students, and administration and services personnel. A total of 210,713 students enrolled in Catalan universi-ties for the 2014-2015 academic year.

INTERLINGUA grantsThe purpose of INTERLINGUA is to award grants to Catalan universities for initiatives that promote the use of languages in universities.

Projects in Catalan

Projects in other languages

Mixed projects

Languages of projects submitted to INTERLINGUA

130

120

110

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

2012 2013 2014 2015

108

98

109

81

114120

106104

58

29

62

90

Source: Secretariat of Universities and Research.


Most noteworthy actions:

• Consolidation of the Language Certificate of Catalan Universities (CLUC) which accredits level B2 in English, French, German and Italian. In 2015 the last multi-level English examinations were held (in January and October) and the first examinations of the CLUC B2 certificate in English, French, German and Italian (in June). The examinations were drawn up along with the corresponding certificate models.

• Creation and development of language support resources and the organization of activities to facilitate the autonomy of the university community in acquiring and improving communi-cation skills: automatic translation systems, style manuals, linguistic and terminology query wizards, correction programmes, virtual language training spaces, mass open online courses, etc. for both Catalan and other languages.

• Booster projects aimed at the sociolinguistic and cultural inclusion of international students and teachers.

• Online Catalan learning curses through Parla.cat: 144 courses involving a total of 1,211 uni-versity students – 16.2 % more than the previous year. 6 new courses were also managed by Aula Mestra, with a total of 41 people enrolled, and 9 courses that started in previous years continued this year.

• Updating and improvements to the SpeakCat portal, the Catalan course tailored to a university context aimed particularly at foreign students.

It is worth highlighting that 204 educational and language-related materials have been pro-duced to enhance teaching or research in Catalan, along with 260 in English and other languages. In all, 921 language pairs were formed and 97 language exchange groups among Catalan students who want to learn a foreign language and foreign students interested in learning Catalan. Another 545 pairs and 2 volunteer language groups were set up so that foreign students could learn Catalan. With regard to linguistic and cultural reception activities, whether in-house or inter-university, a total of 6,592 students took part.

144 courses

on Parla.cat with 1,211 students from Catalan universities{ {


INTERCAT multilingual platformINTERCAT is a set of electronic resources for introducing the Catalan language and culture and is mainly directed at students on mobility programmes who are visiting our universities.

2015 saw a record number of connections made since its creation, which generated: 145,208 us-ers (a rise of 15.4 % compared to 2014) who visited 416,807 pages (8.6 % more than the previous year).

INTERCAT:

145,208 users

Source: Secretariat of Universities and Research.

Indicators for the INTERLINGUA call. 2012-2015

7,000

6,000

5,000

4,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

0

number of teaching and research materials written or corrected

in catalan

number of teaching and research materials written or corrected

in other languages

language pairs (exchange and volunteers)

participants in language reception activities

984

2012 2012 2012 20122013 2013 2013 20132014 2015 2014 2015 2014 2015 2014 2015

323

1,689

6,022

920

204

943

260

1,8151,466

5,533

6,592

1,024 988

1,717

5,690

{ {


Catalan Inter-university Commission for Language Training and Certification In 2015, the fourth agreement was signed between the Generalitat and the universities in the Cata-lan Inter-university Commission for Language Training and Certification (CIFALC) to promote and guarantee language training and certification in universities.

The actions deriving from the agreement are based on the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) and are geared towards unifying educational programmes in dif-ferent languages by establishing common criteria for course syllabuses, the preparation of unified examinations to obtain certificates of language knowledge, the training of teachers, invigilators and examiners, and the establishment of remuneration for the tasks of each activity.

• During the 2014-2015 academic year, 5,915 students followed Catalan courses, of whom 1,579 sat examinations and 1,161 obtained their proficiency certificate.

• Of all the students on Catalan courses, 4,185 were from the rest of Spain or abroad and, of these, 403 passed the examinations.

Progress in the number of students who followed Catalan courses and sat Catalan exams between 2012-2013 and 2014-2015

6,000

5,000

4,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

0

attended courses

attended courses

attended courses

sat cifalc exams

sat cifalc exams

sat cifalc exams

passed passedpassed

5,754 5,915

3,7464,185

Total TotalForeign Foreign

5,535

3,556

Total Foreign

2,618

1,5791,412

465


2,494

1,224

Total Foreign

1,239

403

2,101

1,161


1,126

2,051

Total Foreign

Year 2013 - 2014 Year 2014 - 2015Year 2012 - 2013

Source: Secretariat for Universities and Research.

5,915 students on Catalan courses at

universities{ {


Hebrew in the University Conversation GuidesThis interactive app for mobile phones, introduced in 2012, helps university students to communi-cate in the different situations in which they might find themselves, especially in the case of mobility students coming to Catalonia or local students going to study at foreign universities.

Up until May 2015, the mobile app of the Guides offered combinations of Catalan with Spanish, French, English, German, Portuguese, Italian, Russian, Chinese and Occitan. This year, Hebrew was added to the list. Over the course of the year there was a total of 13,807 downloads of the app across all languages.

Teaching Catalan to adults

Ministry of Education

The Ministry of Education offers Catalan language adult education courses.

• In the 2014-2015 academic year, 7,555 people followed Catalan language courses at official adult education centres.

• 733 people followed Catalan courses for non–Catalan speakers in official language schools, from inicial through to the highest level, superior - C2.

Consortium for Language Normalisation

The Consortium for Language Normalisation (CPNL), which is made up of the Generalitat and 135 local bodies, provides Catalan language education across the whole region through 22 language normalisation centres. Almost 1.7 million people have learnt Catalan since the Consortium was first created in 1989.

The general courses follow the programmes of the General Directorate for Language Policy, in accordance with the provisions of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, and are structured into six levels, from inicial for those who have no knowledge of Catalan at all through to superior level, which accredits fluency in the language.

There are various different options for learning: attendance-based courses, distance learning, and online courses through Parla.cat, amongst others.

In 2015, the CPNL organized 3,292 attendance-based courses in 159 locations, for which 66,603 people enrolled. Enrolments for attendance-based courses account for 94 % of total enrolments —70,946 in 2015— with the remaining 6 % being for other types of courses.

7,555 students

of Catalan at official

adulttraining centres

{ {

Almost 1.7 million people have learnt

Catalan with the

CPNL

{ {

Consortium-organised Catalan courses held in

159 locations{ {


Education for new arrivals

More than half of enrolments for CPNL courses were for those that play an essential role in helping new immigrants to settle in, i.e. the inicial and bàsic courses. In 2015, 36,744 foreign students have enrolled. 64.7 % of the people who signed up for the courses as a whole were born abroad. This percentage ranges from 86 % for inicial and bàsic courses to 3 % for superior courses. It is worth mentioning that the number of foreigners enrolling for the more advanced courses has increased every year.

The Consortium, in collaboration with the Directorate General for Immigration, has organized Catalan courses for immigrant associations: in all, 228 courses with 5,458 students.

level enrolled

Inicial (A1) 7,562

Bàsic (A2) 35,157

Elemental (B1) 6,391

Intermedi (B2) 8,733

Suficiència (C1) 7,353

Superior (C2) 2,118

Addenda and specifics 3,632

TOTAL 70,946

Source: Consortium for Language Normalisation.

Enrolments for CPNL adult education courses in Catalan. 2012-2015

2012

120,000

110,000

100,000

90,000

80,000

70,000

60,000

50,000

40,000

30,000

20,000

10,000

0

2013 2014 2015

70,946

98,444

78,790

67,465

Source: Consortium for Language Normalisation. 70,946 enrolments

for CPNL courses{ {

64.7 % of those enrolled were

born abroad{ {


228 courses for associations of immigrants, with

5,458 students

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

2012 2013 2014 2015Courses aimed at immigrants’ associations.2012-2015

Courses

10,000

9,000

8,000

7,000

6,000

5,000

4,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

240 242 228251

5,863 6,485 5,607 5,458

Source: Consortium for Language Normalisation.

The Directorate General for Immigration organized Catalan literacy courses for adults of for-eign origin who find it difficult to attend the adult education centres and classes. The aim is to help them to reach the minimum level to be able to follow the CPNL’s inicial courses. Some 18 literacy courses were held with a total of 363 people enrolled.

In 2013, the General Directorate for Language Policy and the CPNL started up the Llegiu i par-leu programme (Read and Speak) which combines reading and conversation. The educational ma-terial offered online is aimed at adult learners in general, participants in the Language Volunteering programme and reading clubs. In 2015, 30 new activities were added.

Students

{ {


Aula Mestra

Aula Mestra (Master Class) is a virtual space for teaching and learning Catalan associated with Parla.cat. It allows Catalan teachers worldwide to create, manage and share online courses.

Aula Mestra’s courses have eight different categories corresponding to the six levels of general language learning, one in specialized language, one on information for teachers plus a category of courses at language normalisation centres which use the platform as part of its online training.

207,762 people have

registered with

Parla.cat since 2008

Parla.cat

There has been an increase in the number of users of Parla.cat, a virtual space that gives everybody access to Catalan courses and educational material. In 2015, 41,293 people were enrolled: 37,439 for the self-learning module and 3,854 for the tutored module. The grand total of users enrolled since 2008 is 207,762 people.

Students with tutorials are mainly referred by the Consortium for Language Normalisation and Catalan universities. In 2015 it organized 549 courses with tutorials.

There were 37,439 enrolments on the free learning module: 24,969 at a bàsic level, 4,568 at an elemental level, 3,499 at an intermedi level and 4,403 at a suficiència level.

2009 2010 2012 2013 2014 20152011Users of Parla.cat. Total new and cumulative users.2009-2015

250,000

200,000

150,000

100,000

50,000

0

37,442

27,34538,739

24,76829,464 28,404 26,147 24,437

76,181

100,949

130,413

158,817183,325

207,762

Cumulative total

New users

Source: General Directorate for Language Policy.

{

211,298 visits to Aula Mestra,

from 86 countries{ {

{


• It has a search engine with more than 3,000 activities that facilitates the creation of new courses or which can be used directly by learners to practice particular aspects of the language.

• During 2015, the platform has received 211,298 visits, from 86 different countries.

• New registrations came to 3,956 this year, adding up to a cumulative total of 10,946 by 31 December.

• The number of pages visited was 3,275,191 (up from 1,451,030 in 2014).

• Courses in administrative and legal language were also available.

• In 2015, the Aula Mestra registered 192 active courses, 73 of which started during this year, with 1,371 people enrolled. The total number of registrations for courses was 2,401, with a cumulative total of 4,178 by 31 December.

• Some 246 teachers are associated with the platform —24 new ones during the year – and 71 tutors, 6 of whom were new.

As a complement to Catalan learning, the Llengua Catalana portal offers a search engine with a number of resources for learning Catalan: online dictation, dictionaries, games, etc. In 2015 there have been a total of 60,067 queries.

Occupational and business training

The actions of the Consortium for Language Normalisation are also enshrined in the Government’s em-ployment and labour policies. Along these lines, the CPNL has undertaken the following actions this year:

• The organisation of 70 Catalan courses in collaboration with the Catalan Employment Service (SOC), with 1,168 people enrolled. In 2015, inicial, bàsic 1, and bàsic 2 to elemental 3 were offered. The project has reached 37 municipalities with the involvement and coordination of 19 language normalisation centres and 50 employment offices of the Generalitat.

• 29 courses, in collaboration with the Directorate General for Immigration, on the work rein-sertion programme, which gives students the necessary job skills to join the labour market. 526 people have enrolled. Of these courses, there were 17 on knowledge of Catalan society and its legal framework, for which 261 people enrolled, and 12 on the Catalan language (bàsic and elemental levels), with 265 people.

• 18 courses divided into three modules: Catalan and its context, occupational training and prac-tical work experience in companies in the chosen labour sector, with 287 students signed up.

• Training for companies and organizations in various sectors and advice and resources for working in Catalan: 101 courses with 1,703 people enrolled.

• 1,622 people working in the restaurant sector have signed up for the CPNL’s general courses.

• 58 courses were organized (1,112 hours of training) at 12 language normalisation centres (CNL) with a total of 817 enrolments as part of the agreement between Barcelona Provincial Council and the Ministry of Culture.

More than

60,000 queries made to the language

learning search engine

{ {1,622 students from the restaurant sector

on Catalan courses{ {


Training in the Public Administration

The Consortium for Language Normalisation collaborates with public administrations in providing advice and organising online courses. The following actions have been undertaken in 2015:

• 12 Catalan courses were organized for local administration personnel, with 213 students en-rolled. In 2015, 31 sessions of Internet Resources for working in Catalan were held.

• 13 Catalan courses were organized for the personnel of various entities associated with the State Administration through the Parla.cat platform, with a total of 198 people signed up from every Catalan region, covering bàsic through to suficiència levels.

• In addition, the Ministry of Culture, the CPNL and RENFE have signed an agreement for online Catalan training for people working for the State-run railway company. Some 14 courses were arranged, with 98 students enrolled. The Barcelona CNL has taken responsibility for imparting and coordinating this training.

The Catalan Health Institute offered a total of 33 Catalan language training courses (basic healthcare terminology, writing up documents, etc.) addressed at healthcare professionals working in different hospitals in Catalonia.

The General Directorate for Language Policy, the Consortium for Language Normalisation and the Ramon Llull Institute are responsible for certifying the Catalan knowledge of the adult popula-

tion in accordance with the Common European Framework for Languages.In 2015, 21,255 people enrolled for the Catalan proficiency certificates and 13,862 accredited

their knowledge of Catalan.

• The 13,862 people who obtained a certificate represent 80.28 % of the total number of people who sat the exams (17,266).

• At the examination of the General Directorate for Language Policy, almost 44 % of those who sat the exam were under 36 and 51 % were aged between 36 and 55. The superior certificate exam (C2) was sat by the highest number of young people: 56 % were under 36 and half of those were aged between 17 and 25.

• In the case of the intermedi certificate (B2), almost 80 % of applicants were aged between 26 and 55, with the largest group being in the 26-35 age bracket.

• Almost 84 % of those who sat the suficiència exam (C1) were between 26 and 55, but in this case the largest group was in the 36-55 age bracket. This was the level with the highest number of enrolments in the exams held by the General Directorate for Language Policy.

Certificates of Catalan knowledge

13,862 people obtained

a certificate of Catalan

competence

{ {

The exam for

the superior level had the highest number

of young people

{ {


Since 2002 a total of 480,461 people have applied to take Catalan exams, 350,614 people have actually sat them and 261,826 certificates have been issued.

• The Consortium for Language Normalisation issued 11,169 certificates to students for courses standardized with those of the General Directorate for Language Policy for the different levels, 33.06 % of which were for the bàsic level.

• The Ramon Llull Institute organized its thirteenth call for examinations in 2015 for certificates of Catalan knowledge outside the Catalan-speaking region in 67 localities in 26 countries. A to-tal of 905 people enrolled, of whom 767 sat the exam, with 623 (81.22 %) obtaining a certificate.

Enrolled

Sat

Passed

Catalan certificates. 2015

25,000

20,000

15,000

10,000

5,000

0

DGPL CPNL IRL TOTAL

4,449

15,901

905

21,255

2,070

11,169

623

13,862

3,101

13,398

767

17,266

Source: Report on certificates of knowledge of Catalan. General Directorate for Language Policy.

Since 2002,

261,826 certificates have

been issued{ {


A2-Bàsic B1-Elemental C1-SuficiènciaB2-Intermedi C2-Superior

20152007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 20142013Certificates by level. 2007-2015

9,000

8,000

7,000

6,000

5,000

4,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

0

5,766

7,890

7,110

2,930

2,032

7,121

3,963

3,171

2,4662,3241,938

4,424

2,241

980

4,720

Source: Report on certificates of knowledge of Catalan. General Directorate for Language Policy.


Optimot and automatic translation toolsThe General Directorate for Language Policy promotes online language services for citizens and companies to facilitate the use of Catalan and improve the quality of their communications.

• Optimot, the online language reference service, has handled 13,500,000 queries in 2015 via its search engine and a further 4,888 queries through its personal customer service branch. Users from the business sector have increased by 5 % compared to 2014.

• The internal machine translation service of the Generalitat’s administration has translated 39,840,907 words and resolved 330,640 translation queries. The main direction of translation is Catalan -> Spanish.

• The Catalan-Occitan machine translation service has translated 12,560,787 words and han-dled 222,815 service requests.

Tools and services for language quality

Users of the personalized customer service of Optimot. 2015

Queries dealt with by the Optimot search engine. 2012-2015


14,000,000

12,000,000

10,000,000

8,000,000

6,000,000

4,000,000

2,000,000

0

2012 2013 2014 2015

11,298,206 11,232,990

12,242,42413,500,000


Non-registered users 3 %

Administration and public bodies21 %

Companies and self-employed professionals35 %

Individuals41 %

13,500,000 searches on Optimot, the online language

consultancy service

{ {


Inclusion of Catalan by the WordReference.com website The online dictionary site WordReference.com has expanded its offering with a dictionary of defini-tions in Catalan. WordReference.com was founded in 1999 with the aim of providing free bilingual dictionaries and other tools online and is currently one of the 500 most-visited websites in the world and among the 100 most-visited websites in Spain.

New website of Catalan place namesThe Toponymy Commission, the advisory, consultative and proposal body for establishing official place names in Catalonia, has a new website that features interesting information on Catalan place names with the aim of disseminating them to the public in general and to municipalities in particu-lar. Along with the Generalitat, it is charged with determining place names, which must abide by the general regulations on the Catalan language laid down by the Institut d’Estudis Catalans (Institute of Catalan Studies).

The website, housed on the Llengua Catalana portal of the General Directorate for Language Policy, contains information on how the Toponymy Commission works, the current regulations in this field, the official Nomenclature for place names in Catalonia, various toponymy criteria, publi-cations and decisions on place names.


TERMCATThis year, the TERMCAT Terminology Centre has published several new online dictionaries: Health sciences terminology, Dictionary of metabolic disorders. Obesity and diabetes, Dictionary of develop-ment cooperation, Terminology of musical styles and Thesaurus of research terms, amongst others. It should be noted that the «Online Dictionaries» collection has now reached 96 titles, plus 10 diction-aries housed on the same page that are not part of the collection.

These 106 online dictionaries cover the areas of:

• Human sciences: 26 dictionaries

• Life and health sciences: 24

• Industry and technology: 24

• Sport: 17

• Legal and economic sciences: 15

In 2015, TERMCAT standardized 317 terms at the 15 ordinary meetings of the Supervisory Council in areas such as life sciences, health sciences and transport.

Standardized terms. 2015

Life sciences 52 %

Other 1 %Gastronomy and food 6 %

Health sciences 15 %

Transport 11 %

Social sciences 8 %

Earth sciences 7 %

Source: TERMCAT, the Terminology Centre.

106 online dictionaries

available{ {

Some

317 new terms were approved in 2015{ {


• 80 terminology projects were drawn up with the participation of TERMCAT. Of these projects, 29 have been published (Dictionary of World Languages, Dictionary of Physics, Dictionary of Immunology and Vaccination Terminology, amongst others).

• Another important achievement is the addition of illustrated dictionaries, such as Butterfly names and the Illustrated vocabulary of musical instruments, and the launch of the new Ency-clopaedic dictionary of medicine as part of the DEMCAT project on health sciences terminology.

• Also as part of DEMCAT, the Pharmacology Commission has been set up and work is ongoing on defining a Surgery Commission and an Immunology Commission. The creation of these commissions has been supported by the start-up of the DEMCAT portal, a consultation tool resulting from collaboration with institutions and professionals in the health sciences field.

• A green light was given to the Consulteca project which encompasses 5,500 terminology files in six languages drawn up by TERMCAT resulting from the queries made by users of its Query Service and the regular research carried out by other areas of the Centre.

• A printed version has been published of the Dictionary of religions, an enlarged and revised reprint of the Vocabulary of religions for the media (2004), supported by the UNESCO Associ-ation for Inter-religious Dialogue.

• TERMCAT has resolved 1,873 queries on terminology (1,608 through its personalized Cer-caterm service and 265 through the Optimot language consultancy service Optimot).

• In 2015, more than 112,000 new terminology entries have been made available to users.

Breakdown of terminology queries by sector. 2015

Language professionals 611

The Generalitat 394

Optimot 267

Other administrations 24

The media 37

Different institutions 41 Local administration 63

Companies 171

Universities and other educational centres 265

Source: TERMCAT, the Terminology Centre.

More than

112,000 new terminology

entries{ {


TERMCAT has established 14 accords and collaboration agreements to draw up, disseminate or review terminology-related data and projects. Noteworthy among these agreements are those estab-lished with the Terminology Coordination Unit of the European Parliament to supply its terminology database, IATE, with Catalan terminology and with AENOR, the Spanish Association for Standardi-zation and Certification, to continue developing Catalan versions of UNE standards.

Of these standards in Catalan, the following have been published this year:

• UNE-EN ISO 14006:2011 Environmental Management Systems. Directives for inclusion of eco-design

• UNE-EN ISO 14050:2010 Environmental Management. Vocabulary

• UNE-EN ISO 14001:2015 Environmental Management Systems. Requirements and a user manual

• UNE-EN ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management Systems. Requirements

The Centre has also signed four agreements with universities for students to engage in academic work experience.

Sworn translation and interpreting12 people have joined the Registry of Sworn Translators and Interpreters of the Generalitat which is managed by the General Directorate for Language Policy: 10 as translators and two as interpreters.

As of 31 December, the Registry had a total of 2,359 members (1,584 translators and 775 inter-preters). In addition to Catalan, the working languages of these professionals, in order of registration, are: English, Spanish, French, German, Italian, Russian, Chinese and Arabic.

Language VolunteeringThe Language Volunteering programme, VxL, has surpassed 100,000 language pairs and by the end of the year had reached 101,906. This programme, promoted by the General Directorate for Language Policy and managed by the Consortium for Language Normalisation, was set up in 2003 to extend the use of the Catalan language.

The VxL has an extensive support network to facilitate meetings between language pairs and stimulate language learning. A total of 774 entities across Catalonia are involved in it, offering ac-tivities and locales for practising Catalan, as well as 3,904 collaborating establishments that help participants in the programme to practice the language.

2,359 members

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In 2015, 10,022 language pairs have been created involving a total of 10,173 participants: 5,987 learners and 4,186 volunteers who provide conversational practice in Catalan for people who want to acquire fluency and confidence in the language. Some 5,702 new people registered this year: 3,917 learners and 1,785 volunteers. With regard to the geographical reach of the programme, it has now reached 211 towns - sixteen more than last year.

The process of learners moving on to become volunteers has also continued, having acquired enough knowledge to start helping other people. In 2015 there were 45 of these ‘changeovers’, a figure that continues to demonstrate the value of a programme which is a point of reference in its field in Europe.

Furthermore, some 1,814 activities have been carried out to boost the programme, involving 63,791 people. The number of people taking part in the activities has increased, with an average of 35 participants per activity.

12,000

10,000

8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000

0

2007 2008 201120102009 2013 2014 20152012


Number of languagepairs. 2007-2015

6,310

9,43710,12810,510 10,555 10,129 10,208 10,189 10,022

In terms of the sectorial reach of the VxL programme, some 1,112 language pairs were formed this year, an increase of 84.1 % compared to 2014 (with 604 pairs). It is worth highlighting the in-crease achieved in the world of education and culture, with 669 language pairs formed – almost three times more than the previous year. In this respect, support has continued to be provided for schools to implement the language pairs model among young students. In 2015, 328 new language pairs were formed in nine primary and 12 secondary schools.

4,678 collaborating

organizations and establishments{ {

1,814 promotional

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in 2015

{ {


In the legal world, 162 language pairs were created in five penitentiary centres (including two juvenile detention centres and two regional offices of the Ministry of Justice). With regard to func-tional diversity, 126 pairs were formed – double that of 2014 – with people with some sort of intellec-tual disability or mild mental illness.

Work continued in the world of sport through the Mou-te en català! programme (Get moving in Catalan!) instigated by the General Directorate for Language Policy and the Secretary General for Sport with the collaboration of the Union of Sports Federations of Catalonia and the Consortium for Language Normalisation. Some 60 language pairs were formed in seven associated sports centres and organizations.

The participation of language volunteers was also pursued in the sphere of religious diversity, with 33 language pairs involved in experiences in Salt, Olot, Figueres and Barcelona as a continua-tion of the pilot scheme held last year in Lloret de Mar.

With regard to health, 24 language pairs were formed in seven medical centres and health ser-vices. And in the business world, 38 pairs were formed (there were just 9 in 2014).

Meanwhile, the VxL programme has carried out a pilot scheme with virtual language pairs who meet up and converse using systems such as Skype or Hangouts. The aim is to encourage the practice of Catalan among people who, for questions of geographical distance, are unable to meet up in person.

Virtual meetings have started among 56 people from different countries who have formed 28 lan-guage pairs for the pilot scheme, with the commitment to devote at least one hour each week over a ten-week period. The language pairs are made up of volunteers who have already taken part in the one-on-one VxL programme, students following self-learning modules on the Parla.cat platform, and students on the courses run by the Casal de Catalunya (social centre of Catalonia) in Buenos Aires (Argentina).

New learners registered in 2015 for the VxL, by origin

Oceania3 (0 %)

North Africa411 (18 %)

USA and Canada25 (1 %)

Non-EU Europe136 (6 %)

Asia133 (6 %)

Rest of Africa 124 (5 %)

European Union 351 (15 %)

Central America, Mexico and the Caribbean261 (11 %)

South America867 (38 %)Source: General Directorate

for Language Policy.

Successful pilot scheme to

introduce the

virtual VxL{ {


CinemaThe Government has helped to improve the offering of cinema in Catalan and promote demand for it. To increase the offering, the following actions have been undertaken:

• Support for the dubbing and subtitling of films in Catalan and continuation of the cultural policies to boost the production of films in Catalan.

• Support for subtitling in Catalan at all the festivals of the Coordinator of Festivals of Film and Video of Catalonia and the Llanterna Digital Occitan Film Festival.

• Continuity and expansion of the Children’s Films in Catalan season, CINC.

• Dubbing and subtitling in Catalan of programmes on the channels of Televisió de Catalunya (TVC).

• Extension of subtitling to television platforms.

The outcome of these actions has been the following:

• A total of 55 feature films were released: 20 dubbed and 26 subtitled in Catalan. In addition, 9 films have been dubbed and also subtitled in Catalan.

• The number of viewers of new films in Catalan (whether original version, dubbed or subti-tled) was 504,690.

• The number of viewers of the CINC Children’s Films in Catalan CINC season was 59,721 and they were shown in 48 locations.

• Thanks to the collaboration agreement with Catalunya Film Festivals, 21 Catalan festivals subtitled 609 films (122 feature films and 487 shorts) in Catalan.

• The «Documentary of the Month» cycle subtitled its screenings in Catalan, which were shown at 35 cinemas in Catalonia. 17,891 viewers saw 10 documentaries in VOSC (original version with Catalan subtitles).

• The agreement between the Ministry of Culture and CANAL+ signed last year was renewed. In 2015, 232 films and 23 fiction TV series on this platform were subtitled in Catalan (84 films and four series more than in 2014). The subtitled products are available on CANAL+ (by sat-ellite) and Yomvi (pay-per-view) in Catalonia and the rest of Spain.

• The collaboration agreement with Texas Cinemas to increase the offering and viewer num-bers of films subtitled in Catalan has continued. Texas Cinemas screen re-released films in their original version with Catalan subtitles and children’s films dubbed into Catalan. In 2015, a total of 204 films were screened: 112 films subtitled in Catalan, 41 dubbed in Catalan and 18 with Catalan as the original language. The total number of cinemagoers was 163,659, of whom 125,587 went to films subtitled in Catalan.

745,961 viewers of cinema

in Catalan{ {


• A new line of grants has been made available for promoting films in Catalan, dubbed and subtitled, in formats such as DVD, Blu-ray, streaming platforms and television. This initiative is the result of an agreement between the Ministry of Culture and the Presidential Depart-ment and the Catalan Audiovisual Media Corporation (CCMA).

• 78 DVD titles were published: 72 with the audio and subtitles in Catalan and 6 with just the audio in Catalan.

• TVC has dubbed 1,008 hours of television programming into Catalan:

— 113 hours of films.

— 331 hours of series.

— 270 hours of documentaries.

— 294 hours of animation.

• TVC has granted 282 hours of dubbed television to other television services providers: 149 hours on 8tv, 113 hours on BTV and 20 hours on other channels (16 on Andorra TV/RTVA, two on XTVL and two on IB3).

To strengthen demand, the following actions have been undertaken:

• Promotion of the Cinema in Catalan portal featuring regional production in Catalan and dubbed and subtitled films:

— Programming by films and by cinemas, towns and counties.

— Trailers and spots of films dubbed or subtitled in Catalan.

• New VOSCdb portal, an online database of information on films subtitled in Catalan, inte-grated in the Cinema portal in Catalan. VOSCbd offers information on films that have re-ceived support from the Ministry of Culture to create subtitles and details of other films in original versions with subtitles (VOSC) provided by distributors. It contains key information on each film and allows searches of their references and other aspects of interest for cinema programmers and other professionals in the sector.

• «Cinema en català» (Films in Catalan) page on Facebook, including the schedule of premieres and other screenings. In 2015, the page had 11,375 followers.

• Launch of a new Cinema in Catalan channel on Twitter which has registered 1,416 followers.

VOSCdb, the new database

of information on films subtitled in Catalan

{ {


Catalan and businessTo encourage the use of Catalan in companies, the General Directorate for Language Policy has pro-vided support in the form of grants or subsidies to:

• 13 business and professional organizations to develop 13 projects to increase the presence of Catalan in their respective spheres.

— Catalan Academy of Cinematographic Arts and Sciences: Gaudí Award for Best Film of 2015.

— Shopkeepers’ Association of Ca n’Aurell (Terrassa): «Joc de paraules» (Word Games).

— Shopkeepers’ Association of Terrassa Nord: a language competition aimed at associated retailers and schools as part of the VxL programme.

— Shopkeepers’ Association of Fondo Comerç (Santa Coloma de Gramenet): «Sant Jordi - Sab-ors del món - Gimcana solidària» (Flavours of the World – a charity event for St George’s Day)

— The Media Association (AMIC): «Ficcions, l'aventura de crear histories» (Fiction: the ad-venture of creating stories).

— The Media Association (AMIC): Classification of the Catalan press audited by OJD/PGD.

— Association of Publishers in the Catalan Language: 33rd Catalan Book Week.

— Association of New Technology Companies of Girona: Award for Best Management in Language and Communication as part of the E-TECH Digital Awards 2014 (actually pre-sented in 2015).

— Independent Association of Young Business Owners of Catalonia (AIJEC): «Reconeixe-ment a la Qualitat Lingüística Empresarial» (Recognition for Language Quality in Busi-ness) as part of the XXII Young Entrepreneur Awards 2014.

— Chamber of Commerce of Catalonia (CCC): «Oberts al català» (Open to Catalan).

— PIMEC Private Foundation: «En català i a punt» (In Catalan and ready to go).

— Hotel and Tourism Trade Association of Alt Penedès: «Siusplaucat» (Cat-Please).

— PIMEC, Small and Medium Enterprises of Catalonia. CATEMPRÈN 2015. Award for Lan-guage Quality in the Business World.

Support for

41 projects in Catalan{ {


• 12 companies for 13 mobile app and videogame projects.

— App2U, SL: translation to Catalan of the apps uSell and urCollection.

— Atlantis IT, SL: «AtlantisWearable: innovation for improving the autonomy and mobility of dependent people.»

— Barcelona Multimedia, SL: videogame Els otijocs bíblics (Biblical games).

— Cubus Games, SL: Heavy Metal Thunder, an interactive digital science-fiction game book.

— Editorial Mediterrània, SL: an app for mobiles and tablets called Petites històries (Short stories), from Pilarín Bayés.

— Enterprise Consulting & Training, SL: a Level C Catalan app for Android.

— Anglada Soler: translation of contracts and legal documents on the app Iurisworld.

— Klosions TIC, SLU: translation to Catalan of Repasat, an online productivity management app for companies.

— Ocisport Business, SL: an app for mobiles called Gimcana Parc.cat. (Gymkhana Park)

— Planet Factory Interactive, SL: Si jo hagués nascut a... (If I’d been born in…), an app for chil-dren to learn how other children live in other parts of the world, and Com funciona el món (How does the world work?), an app that answers this question for children and teenagers.

— Somcrea Dev, SL: translation to Catalan of the Wanty app for iPhone.

— Tirabol Produccions, SL: Viasona.cat, a project to index songs, artists and groups perform-ing in Catalan.

• 10 companies for 11 software projects.

— Bitstips, SL: translation to Catalan of the Psclic per a la creació de botigues en línia (Psclic software for creating online stores).

— Btactic, SCCL: translation to Catalan of the Zimbra and SugarCRM open-code computer apps.

— Jaume Ortolà i Font (Riurau Editors): extension for MS Word of the Language Tool gram-mar corrector and automatic language checking of texts with this corrector.

— Moncasoft, SLU: translation to Catalan of the commercial program for mobile devices, MGest Smartphone.

— Movintracks Barcelona, SL: translation to Catalan of Movintracks, the local marketing platform that enables clients to design their own advertising campaigns.

— Proyectos en Gestión del Conocimiento, SL: translation to Catalan of the business intelli-gence platform Atlas SBI.

— Savac Consultes, SL: translation to Catalan of products in the Savac Integració program, aimed at the health sector.


— Sixtemia Mobile Studio, SL: adaptation to Catalan of the Mobappi software that lets com-panies develop tailor-made apps.

— Validated ID, SL: translation to Catalan of the VidSigner and Pimefactura apps.

— Yoleo Edutainment, SL: translation to Catalan of the digital educational platform Legi-land, which motivates youngsters aged 10 to 16 to read and improve their reading com-prehension.

• 4 trade union organizations:

— Unió General de Treballadors (General Workers’ Union): Project to promote the use of Catalan in the UGT in Catalonia.

— Confederació Sindical de la Comissió Obrera Nacional de Catalunya (CONC): updates of the trade union’s language service in Catalonia.

— Intersindical-Confederació Sindical de Catalunya: promoting and recognizing the use of the Catalan language in labour relations.

— Unió Sindical Obrera de Catalunya: promoting the use of Catalan in labour and everyday relations in Barcelona, Tortosa, Sabadell, Mataró and Granollers.

DGPL subsidies to encourage the use of Catalan in business, by destination. 2015

Companies for software 10

Trade Union organizations 4

Companies for apps 12

Business organizations 13



Translation to Catalan of non-literary works

As part of its grants for companies, in 2015 the General Directorate for Language Policy opened a new line of subsidies to promote the translation to Catalan of non-literary works, an area where there has been a deficiency in terms of language presence.

Subsidies were awarded to 9 publishing companies for 15 translations.

— Edicions de 1984, SL: The Need for Roots, by Simone Weil (original language: French).

— Editorial Kairós, SA: A Force for Good. The Dalai Lama’s Vision for Our World, by Daniel Go-leman (English).

— Eumo Editorial, SA: The Invisible Scars. Feminist Perspectives on Breast Cancer, various au-thors (English and Spanish).

— Grup Editorial 62, SLU: This Changes Everything. Capitalism vs. the Climate, by Naomi Klein (English).

— Imatge-9, SL - Cossetània Edicions: Tourist Guide to Paris and Tourist Guide to London (Spanish).

— Llibres del 9 Angle, SL: The Devil’s Dictionary, by Ambrose Bierce (English); Serenitat: What We Gain As We Grow Older, by Wilhelm Schmid (German), and Poetry, by Aristotle (Greek).

— Raval Edicions, SLU: In the Heart of the Sea, by Nathaniel Philbrick (English).

— Terracel, SCP (Editorial Gregal). Dracula. The Novel and the Legend, by Clive Leatherdale (English).

— Viena Serveis Editorials, SL: Memòries d’un capellà que no creia en Déu, de Jean Meslier (Memoirs of a Priest Who Did Not Believe in God), by Jean Meslier (French); Letters of a Wom-an Homesteader, by Elinore Pruitt, The World I Live In, by Helen Keller (English), and For Love of Justice. Dorothy Day and Simone Weil, by Teresa Forcades (Spanish).

Català i empresa. Ja estàs al dia? (Catalan and business. Are you up to date?)The General Directorate for Language Policy, as part of the programme Català i empresa. Ja estàs al dia? has published 8 reasons why companies should use Catalan to spread the word on the language obliga-tions in the sector’s Consumer Code. It has also signed an agreement with Barcelona Provincial Coun-cil to extend knowledge of Catalan in the business and retail sectors, and in conjunction with the CPNL has given 1,112 hours of training in Catalan in collaboration with local economic promotion agencies.

It also produced the exhibition entitled «8 reasons why companies should use Catalan», which was held in three locations in Barcelona: a seminar entitled «Catalan and business: are you up to date?», at the Mobile World Centre; the 12th edition of the Catalonia Commerce Confederation Prize as part of the CATEMPRÈN project at the PIMEC headquarters.

The CPNL also offers support to companies and commercial establishments and provides ad-vice and resources to help them work in Catalan. In 2015, 965 new collaboration agreements and pacts have been signed with companies to increase the knowledge and use of Catalan in the socio-economic world. These new agreements bring the total signed between 2011 and 2015 to 6,531.

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In 2015, the CPNL organized 101 courses for the economic sphere with 1,703 enrolments and ten sessions with 201 attendees on the programme «At your service» to increase the oral use of Cat-alan in business (see also the section on Occupational and Business Training).

Promoting Catalan among SMEs and the retail sector

As part of its agreement with the Ministry of Culture, PIMEC has rolled out some new initiatives under the umbrella of the CATEMPRÈN project in support of business communications in Catalan.

• 8 seminars on «The Importance of Business Communications in Catalan» in Granollers, Sa-badell, Falset, Móra d’Ebre, Gandesa, Montblanc, Santa Coloma de Queralt and Cervera.

• • The CATEMPRÈN ‘forfait’ in support of business communications, a consultancy service on communications in Catalan for entrepreneurs and self-employed professionals.

• CATEMPRÈN competition to highlight the companies that make an effort to use Catalan. The winner was the company Xíndria Cat, from Cassà de la Selva.

• 28th edition of the Award for Language Quality in the Business World, awarded to the Giro-na-based company Llagurt.

• Launch of the campaign «El teu web, també en català!», (Your website in Catalan too!) to en-courage SMEs to increase the online use of the language in view of the fact that only 57 % of these firms use Catalan on their websites.

The agreement signed between the Ministry of Culture and the Catalonia Commerce Confed-eration (CCC) establishes new mutual strategies to foster the use of Catalan among the 350 retail associations that belong to the CCC. These associations represent some 95,000 retailers - 80 % of Catalan trade - and more than 500,000 employees.

Since 2006, the CCC has developed all its actions to foster the use of the Catalan language under the umbrella programme known as Oberts al català (Open to Catalan). In 2015, it has continued to roll out the campaign in the retail, services and tourism sectors, as well as targeting establishments run by immigrants. The Confederation has also taken part in initiatives to support the labour and trade integration of people in this sphere.

Some 134 establishments have been visited, 78 of which are run by newcomers. The 12th CCC Prize for best language initiative in the commercial sector was awarded. The Mercè Canal Memorial recognizes the efforts made by organizations, companies and associations in the retail, services and tourism sector to promote the use of Catalan.

In this respect, the Ministry of Business and Labour undertook the following actions:

• «Al mercat en català» (To the market in Catalan) campaign to promote the use of Catalan in travelling markets.

• Publication and distribution by every town council of e-leaflets in Catalan with advice on using elevators safely.

«El teu web, també

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Campaign «I tu, jugues en català?» (And you, do you play in Catalan?)

For the third year running, the Consortium for Language Normalisation has promoted the campaign entitled «I tu, jugues en català?», the objective being to publicise and facilitate access to the range of toys and games in Catalan and to encourage people to buy them. In 2015 there were 440 establish-ments signed up to the campaign, which is supported by 11 companies, seven of which have signed collaboration agreements with the CPNL.

The main novelty in publicising the range of toys and games has been the launch of an app for mobiles called Jocs en català (Games in Catalan) for Android and iOS: more than 600 toys and games with GPS details, using Google Maps, from establishments signed up to the campaign.

As part of the campaign, the 22 language normalisation centres of the Consortium organized more than 250 activities, including workshops, play sessions and games demonstrations, competi-tions, talks and exhibitions. It also took part in 31 Christmas fairs and parks. In addition, the agree-ments signed with Abacus and the Federation of Ateneus of Catalonia enabled the games demon-stration venues to be extended to the language normalisation centres.

The campaign was rounded off with the distribution of 195,700 letters to the Three Kings in schools, civic centres and libraries.

Youth and leisureThe General Directorate for Language Policy provides support for the most important sports and recreational organisations in the country to encourage actions that extend the use of Catalan. In 2015, through the annual call, support was provided for 11 youth and recreational associations for the following projects:

• The Friends of the Pere Tarrés Foundation, to promote the use of Catalan in the recreational and educational activities of the MCECC (Christian Recreation Centre Movement of Catalo-nia) of the Pere Tarrés Foundation.

• The GRESCA Association (Recreational, Educational, Social, Cultural and Alternative Group) for its Blabla.cat project

• Acampada Jove Cultural Association, for the Youth Music 2015 competition.

• The Youth Association for Equality and Solidarity (JIS) for the APARAULAT project: Catalan for social and occupational insertion.

• La Rotllana Association, for the 17th Music Competition of Badalona.

• Casal dels Infants (Children’s Community Centre) for Social Action in Neighbourhoods, for its Comunica’t en català (Communicate in Catalan) project. Actions to promote the interpersonal use of Catalan by young newcomers.

The app

Jocs en català facilitates searches for

more than 600 toys and games

in Catalan

{ {


• Centre d'Estudis de l'Esplai, for the Explorar Catalunya... i Acció! (Explore Catalonia… and Action!) project Workshops to promote the use of Catalan among young people.

• Fundació Catalana de l’Esplai (Catalan Recreational Foundation), for its Expressa't en Català (Express Yourself in Catalan) project. Dynamic places for promoting the Catalan language.

• La Roda Foundation for Cultural and Leisure Activities, for the Comunica’t 2015 programme.

• The Marianao Foundation for its Vente Pa'Ka project for alternative evening leisure options for young people.

• The Singuerlín Youth Group to set up a comics workshop.

The General Directorate and Catalan Agency for Youth have promoted the use of Catalan among young people through the following actions this year:

• The «Sona 9» competition for demo CDs in Catalan.

• The Youth Card grant Connecta’t a les Lletres (Connect with letters).

• The Youth Card grant Connecta’t al Còmic. (Connect with comics)

• The Youth Card grant Connecta’t a la Ràdio. (Connect with radio)

Agafa el micro.cat (Grab the mike.cat)

The General Directorate for Language Policy has created a free online karaoke session aimed at young people and developed by Grup Enderrock. It features 20 video clips of modern Catalan hits as well as some very well-known classics. Agafa el micro.cat is accessed via YouTube and is in high definition.

SportsThe Catalan Sports Council, on behalf of the General Secretariat of Sport, has signed a collaboration agreement with the UFEC (Union of Sports Federations of Catalonia) to promote the normalisation of Catalan in its sports organizations and the sporting practices of its their members. One of these actions was to offer a translation and proofreading service for texts in Catalan aimed at federated Catalan sports organizations.

Agafa el micro.cat,

free online karaoke featuring Catalan hits

{ {


HealthThe most noteworthy actions in this sphere were the following:

• With regard to terminology, training actions have been bolstered and an agreement has been signed between the Ministry of Health and TERMCAT to produce the Dictionary of Bioeth-ics. The DEMCAT project was also presented, whose objective is to update the Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Medicine allowing continuous online consultation and updating as a reference work for health sciences. Meanwhile, TERMCAT and the Ministry of Health have published the Vaccination Glossary, which includes 135 terminology records.

• The language content for Health Channel professionals has been kept updated in order to offer linguistic resources and these were disseminated on a continuous basis. As part of Canal Salut (Health Channel) a new themed website, Canal Diabetis (Diabetes Channel), was also launched to coincide with the TV3 Charity Phone-In.

• Work started on adapting and translating into Catalan the questionnaires on quality of life in relation to health (QVRS).

• CatSalut instigated and coordinated the translation into Catalan of the International Classifi-cation of Diseases, 10th revision. Clinical Modification/Procedure Coding System (CIM-10-MC/SCP). The translation was supervised by TERMCAT and checked by the Catalan Society for Clinical Documentation.

This new coding instrument represents a considerable improvement over the CIM-9-MC, going from 16,019 to 82,108 codes, while procedures have risen from 4,646 to 72,769 codes. Furthermore, it now features standardized terminology with precise definitions in which each term has a specific meaning.

• As a result of the collaboration agreement signed in 2014 between the Regional Health Ser-vices of Tarragona, the Tarragona CNL and El Vendrell Hospital, and in accordance with the results of the language study carried out by this centre, improvements have been made to the knowledge, use and quality of the language.


JusticeLanguage qualifications

The current system of evaluating knowledge of Catalan when allocating posts in the Justice Admin-istration is based on the attribution of a merit which is taken into account in examinations for initial appointments and for transfers.

In 2015, the Ministries of Culture and Justice renewed the framework agreement signed with the leading professional associations in the legal sphere to promote the use of Catalan in the courts: the Catalan Advocacy Council, the Council of the Illustrious Bar Associations of Catalonia, the Illustri-ous Notary Association of Catalonia, the Catalan Deanery of Registrars of Property, Commercial and Personal Property and the Council of the Illustrious Employment Lawyers Association of Catalonia.

A total of 360 legal professionals signed up for courses in Catalan and legal language, including attorneys, prosecutors, notaries, property registrars and employment lawyers. Some 866 profession-als working in different departments of the Justice Administration also signed up —judges, prosecu-tors, judicial clerks and administrative personnel. In addition, the Ministry of Justice gave courses to 88 members of its central services, penitentiary services and youth detention centres. All in all, 1,314 professionals from the legal sector signed up for courses.

Number of students on Catalan and judicial language courses. 2012-2015

1,800

1,600

1,400

1,200

1,000

800

600

400

200

0

2012 2013 2014 2015

1,250

1,628

1,4421,314


1,314 professionals from the legal and justice

sector signed up for Catalan and legal

language courses

{ {


Dissemination of good language practices amongst the judiciary

In 2015, various actions were undertaken to spread good language practices among the judiciary and the courts based on the documents The Catalan Language in the Justice Administration (2012), the Manual of Best Practices in the Legal and Judicial Sphere (2013) and the Criteria for Language Use in the Justice Administration (2014), drawn up within the framework of the Catalan Observatory of Justice. These actions were as follows:

• Oral request to receive documentation in Catalan

• The right to receive documentation in Catalan

• Translation of documentation

• Defencelessness for reasons of language

• Language competence in providing a good service

• Catalan as a working tool

• Catalan on websites and the intranet

• Quality legal language

• Oral customer service

• Declarations by citizens to judicial bodies

• Diversity of language choice for people involved in legal proceedings

Specific plans for youth detention centres

The Language Policy Plan for youth detention centres focused on drawing up a specific language plan for each centre. These plans have started to be implemented with the aim of influencing the oral use of Catalan by centre personnel with these young people to increase their use of the language.

The main actions of these plans were as follows:

• Drafting and presentation to centre personnel of the material «El català també és seu» (Catalan is your language too) which puts a particular emphasis on the oral use of Catalan.

• A Language Volunteering programme for young people in these centres.

• A travelling exhibition around the centres entitled «Mirades i veus del català» (Catalan voices and perspectives) organized by the Consortium for Language Normalisation, Barcelona City Council and the Language Platform.

• The use of Catalan in admittance interviews, individual tutorials and intern programmes, as well as in activities and educational material.

• Organization of activities to increase knowledge of Catalan culture and the promotion of local television stations in Catalan to these youngsters.

Language plans for education in

youth detention

centres

{ {


Campaign «En català, també és de llei» (In Catalan: it’s also the law)

The campaign «En català, també és de llei» was continued this year to foster the use of Catalan among legal professionals and guarantee citizens' rights to language use, instigated by the General Directorate for Language Policy at the end of 2014 with the collaboration of the Ministry of Justice and professional associations in the sector. Law students were also included in the target group.

As part of this campaign, the Generalitat published four monographs on Catalan in the courts in the newspapers Ara, La Vanguardia, El Punt Avui and El Periódico de Catalunya on the situation of the language, language rights, and services available in Catalan.

In the same sphere, TERMCAT started up a portal on Legal Terminology (http://www.terminolo-giajuridica.cat) and created the Legal Terminology Commission in March. This Commission is tasked with completing and updating the terminology used in the field of justice, with the involvement and consensus of the leading institutions in the sector.

The portal provides access to more than 8,000 legal concepts which contain around 23,500 names in different languages.

The Justice Portal of Catalonia and LexCat

The Justice Portal of Catalonia (http://portaljuridic.gencat.cat/) provides the current law in Catalonia and information services that allow up to date regulations to be accessed and consulted in Catalan.

Throughout 2015, the Justice Portal of Catalonia published 288 consolidations of rules and 5,860 regulatory modifications and incorporated the retrospective consolidation of Catalan Government decrees from the period 1994-1998, which complete the decrees from 1978 up to the present day (consolidated and consultable since the creation of the Portal).

LexCat provides, in Catalan, the most important State legislation applicable to Catalonia on the website of the Justice Administration and the Justice Portal of Catalonia. At present the portal features 187 published regulations (144 in HTML and 43 in PDF) and has recorded 84,149 searches.

The translation into Catalan of legislation published in the Official State Gazette (BOE), coor-dinated by the EADOP (Independent Body for Official Gazettes and Publications of the Generalitat) reached 9,518 translated pages of State laws in 2015, corresponding to a total of 362 rulings, published in 293 supplements. The progress compared to previous years can be seen in the following table:

BOE in Catalan 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Supplements 310 297 290 304 292 293

Provisions 400 388 209 267 309 362

Pages 6,095 6,606 3,384 5,285 10,535 9,518

New portal of

Legal Terminology{ {


The supplements in Catalan of the BOE are the result of the 1998 agreement between the Span-ish Administration and the Generalitat. The agreement also included the publication of retrospective supplements of all the regulations with the status of Law not expressly repealed and published in the BOE, which is why a series of supplements have been translated from 19 years before the signing of the above-mentioned agreement (since 1979). All of the supplements are available to be consulted on the BOE website.

OrganisationsOrganisations that promote the use of Catalan through their own activity are an example of social dynamism in language and are a hugely important ally for the Generalitat’s language policy. For this reason, the Ministry of Culture, through the General Directorate for Language Policy, supports these efforts through two initiatives:

• Support for projects that foster the use of Catalan instigated by organisations. In 2015, grants were awarded to 70 projects whose aim was to take action in those sectors of the population where there was a deficit in the use of Catalan. The institutions covered belong to the fields of culture, social integration, new technologies, business and professional organizations, pro-moting the Catalan language, youth and leisure associations and trade unions.

new technologies

social integration

promoting the

language

business, professions

and trade unions

culture youth & leisure

Number of projects promoted by organizations, according to type. 2015

20

15

10

5

0

17

19

2

10 11 11


Support for 70 projects

that foster the use of Catalan

instigated by

organisations

{ {


• The Generalitat, through the Ministries of Culture, Presidency, Governance and Institutional Relations, Education, Social Welfare and Family, Business and Labour and Justice, provided support for the Plataforma per la Llengua (Language Platform) for various projects to promote the use of the language in the sectors covered by these same departments and for projects aimed at the general public.

• Support for the census of organisations that foster the Catalan language. The census includes foundations and associations engaged in initiatives to promote the Catalan language within their sphere of operations. In 2015 this has gone from 142 to 171 organizations, which repre-sents an increase of 20.42 %.

Census

Renew

2009 2010 2011

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

2007 2008 2012 2013 2014 2015Census of organisations that promote the Catalan language. 2007-2015

42 43 46

55

66

86

120

142

171

39 41

5562

83

117

137

37 36


171 organizations make up the Census{ {


«T’agradarà llegir en català» (You’ll love reading in Catalan)

The Catalan Publications Association (APPEC) and the General Directorate for Language Policy, with the participation of the Consortium for Language Normalisation and the support of the Social Work division of La Caixa, started the project entitled «T’agradarà llegir en català» in October, to encourage people to read magazines in Catalan.

The programme started with a pilot scheme in the waiting rooms of health centres across Cat-alonia, by which 300 centres in the private sector in 96 towns were sent 9,000 recently-published magazines to be available to people visiting the centres. The campaign is supported by 26 maga-zines belonging to APPEC, the association that represents the publishers of 150 general and special-ist magazines in Catalan.

III Nit de la Llengua al Món Digital (3rd Language in the Digital World Night)

The General Directorate for Language Policy and Amical Wikimedia organized the third edition of the Nit de la Llengua al Món Digital. The event, which took the form of an edit-a-thon, was held si-multaneously in Barcelona and Tarragona.

In Barcelona, the edit-a-thon was entitled «III Nuèch de la Lenga dins l’Encastre Digital», and focused on the Occitan language, enjoying the support of the Occitan-Catalan Brotherhood Centre (CAOC) and the online publication Jornalet. It dealt with articles in both Occitan and Catalan on legislation and the promotion of Occitan and Occitan institutions.

In Tarragona it was supported by the Port of Tarragona. The Rovira i Virgili University and the Escola Oficial d’Idiomes official language academy also took part. The content of the edit-a-thon es-sentially concentrated on the sociolinguistic situation in the region in terms of dialectology, topon-ymy and onomastics. In addition, various existing articles on the Catalan language were translated into different languages.

Catalan, a European language

Catalan, a European language is an exhibition organized by the General Directorate for Language Policy of the Ministry of Culture that showcases the vitality, prestige and competitive capacity of the Catalan language in different sectors within the framework of European languages.

In 2015, 55 exhibitions were organized, which travelled to 41 Catalan towns and received a total of 144,375 visitors. The exhibition was also held in other towns outside Catalonia: Perpignan, Santi-ago de Compostela and Regensburg (Germany). It also made a tour of seven towns on the island of Sardinia —including Alghero— with a total of 3,500 visitors. The exhibition texts were produced in Catalan and one other language.

The project

«T’agradarà llegir en català» was rolled out in the waiting

rooms of health centres

{ {

The III Nit de

la Llengua

al Món

Digital was held simultaneously

in Barcelona and Tarragona

{ {The exhibition

Catalan,

a European

Language visited 51 towns

{ {


AwardsThe Generalitat and various other institutions, especially in the fields of the economy and leisure, recognize in the form of prizes the people and organizations that have stimulated the quality and social prestige of the Catalan language. In 2015, the General Directorate for Language Policy took part in and provided support for awards related to the Catalan language and Catalan sign language in the following areas:

Business

• CCC Award for Best Language Initiative in the Commercial Sector, awarded by the Chamber of Commerce of Catalonia.

• SME Award for Language Quality in the business world, organized by the Small and Medium Enterprise association, PIMEC.

• Recognition for Language Quality in Business, awarded by the Independent Association of Young Business Owners of Catalonia (AIJEC).

• Award for Best Management in Language and Communication, given by the Association of New Technology Companies of Girona (AENTEG).

• Alimara.cat Awards organized by the Centre for Tourism and Hospitality Education and Re-search (CETT), B-Travel and the Generalitat.

• Award for Language Normalisation in the Socioeconomic Sphere of Alt Camp (Consortium for Language Normalisation and Alt Camp Regional Council).

Cinema

• Gaudí Award for Best Film in Catalan, given by the Catalan Academy of Cinematographic Arts and Sciences.

• Llanterna Digital Awards given by the Language Services Coordinator of Lleida for short films in Catalan and Occitan.

• Fic-cat AWARDS. Costa Daurada Festival of Short Films in Catalan (Fic-cat Association).

• Filmets Awards (Filmets Badalona Film Festival).


Associations and organisations

• Martí Gasull i Roig Award, given by the Plataforma per la Llengua.

• Linguapax Awards by the UNESCO Centre in Catalonia.

• Roc Boronat literary competition in the Catalan language, organized by ONCE.

• Fiction Competition, organized by the Media Association (AMIC).

• Webs al punt.cat competition, organized by the puntCAT Foundation to create websites in Catalan.

• Joan Coromines Award, given by the Coordinator of Associations for Language (CAL) to groups or individuals.

• Tísner Competition for the Creation of Games in Catalan, organized by the Plataforma per la Llengua.

• FilCat.UB Awards, given by the Department of Catalan Philology at the University of Barcelona.

• Award for Language and Cultural Normalisation, organized by the Cultural Action Association (ADAC) of Girona.

• Josep Maria Batista i Roca Awards - Enric Garriga Trullols Memorial, given by the Catalan In-stitute for the Projection of Catalan Culture Abroad. (IPECC).

• Jaume Camp Award for Sociolinguistics, Ramon Casanovas and Research Work within the context of the Festival of Catalan Letters of the Vallès Oriental (Òmnium Cultural of Vallès Oriental).

• Ramon Llull International Award, organized by the Ramon Llull Foundation and the Congress of Catalan Culture Foundation.


Presence on the internet and social networksThe presence of the language policy bodies of the Generalitat on the internet and on social networks is fully established. The websites of the General Directorate for Language Policy, the Consortium for Language Normalisation and the TERMCAT Terminology Centre received a total of 7,272,949 visits.

Website visitsDGPL

4,000,000

3,000,000

2,000,000

1,000,000

0

TERMCAT CPNL

3,649,657

876,131

2,747,161

Source: Produced by the General Directorate for Language Policy. DGPL, CPNL and TERMCAT.

With regard to profiles on social networks, in 2015 these amounted to 114,861, that's to say 35.24 % more than in 2014 (84,928).

Social network followers DGPL

35,000

30,000

25,000

20,000

15,000

10,000

5,000

0

23,39326,629

TERMCAT

1,831

8,766

CPNL

36,761

17,251

Source: Produced by the General Directorate for Language Policy. DGPL, CPNL and TERMCAT.

Twitter

Facebook

Around 7.3 million visits to the language

policy websites{ {

Profiles on social networks have increased

by more than

35 %{ {


ésAdir language portalThe Catalan Audiovisual Media Corporation has continued to promote the ésAdir language portal, which reached a total of 33,749 published articles. Of these, 11,729 form part of ésAdir’s Film Library, a database of films dubbed or subtitled in Catalan.

In terms of audience numbers, in 2015 the portal received a monthly average of 20,776 unique visits and an annual total of 507,310 visits and 11,606,560 pages viewed. With regard to its presence and visibility on social networks, its Twitter account reached 11,751 by the end of the year, with an increase of 9 % compared to 2014.

Oficina de Garanties Lingüístiques (Language Guarantees Office) The General Directorate for Language Policy, through the Language Guarantees Office, deals with complaints from the general public concerning their language rights and the use of the language as well as requests for information. In 2015 there were 561 requests from citizens, of which 157 were in reference to language rights.

Language rights

Due to the failure to use Catalan Due to the failure to use Spanish Total requests

200

150

100

50

0

Complaints about language rights 2012 2013 2014 2015

146

181

144 149

14 6 7 8

160

187

151 157


The portal ésAdir is a point of reference

for the Catalan media

{ {

561 requests to the Language

Guarantees Office

{ {


In the healthcare field, the Catalan Health Service received 53 complaints for language reasons: 35 due to the failure to use Catalan, and 18 due to the failure to use Spanish. The Catalan Institute of Health received 4 complaints in this respect about patient/staff relations and about signage in Catalan at ICS centres.

Catalan Consumer Agency

The Catalan Consumer Agency is the body with the authority to guarantee companies’ compliance with the rights of consumers and users of services. In this respect, it is also tasked with ensuring that companies abide by the language obligations of the Consumer Code both in its role as an inspector and as a result of complaints received about infringements of language rights.

The difference between the proven infringements and the cases resolved can be explained by the fact that most of the infringements identified were settled while the case was being processed.

The reason for the fact that 21 of the disciplinary sanctions were outside Catalonia is that the companies in question have their headquarters outside, although the offences were committed in Catalonia.

barcelona girona lleida tarragona terres outside total de l’ebre catalonia

Number of complaints 62 3 0 1 0 0 66

Actions by inspectors 973 163 137 66 0 0 1,339

Proven infringements 502 27 9 22 0 0 560

Disciplinary cases resolved 45 1 0 1 0 21 89

Amounts from disciplinary sanctions €51,600 €1,000 0 €2,000 0 €85,400 €225,400


International profile

Catalan language and literature are taught at 147 universities around the world; of these, 88 belong to the la Xarxa d’Estudis Catalans a l’Exterior (Network of Catalan Studies Abroad) of the Ramon

Llull Institute. In 2015, some of the main actions of the Ramon Llull Institute (IRL) have included the following:

• Maintenance of the Network of Catalan Studies Abroad with its 88 universities in 26 countries, of which 68 are in Europe, 16 in America, 3 in Asia and 1 in Oceania.

• In the 2014-2015 academic year, 19 universities offered specializations in Catalan studies as part of the curricula of the departments responsible for them. At the University of Bucharest, 14 students obtained a degree in Catalan Philology; at the University of Montreal, 5 students did a minor in Catalan and 4 followed the specialized module for Catalan language and cul-ture; at the University of Szeged (Hungary), 8 students enrolled for a minor in Catalan; at the University of Massachusetts, 1 North-American was the first student to complete a minor in Catalan Studies, and at the University of Toulouse in Languedoc —which offers a degree course in Catalan language, culture and literature (the Licence Catalan) along with the Uni-versity of Perpignan— 47 students did a minor in Catalan.

In the universities of Moscow and St Petersburg the curriculum of Catalan studies was en-larged, and the University of Havana improved its curriculum of these studies, on which the number of students rose significantly this year to 73 compared to 43 the previous year.

• The number of enrolments for Catalan language and culture courses came to 6,203, which represents a total of 3,813 students, most of whom were studying in France (883), the United Kingdom (635) and Germany (631). Language studies are those that attracted the most enrol-ments (62 %), especially levels A1, A2 and B1 (87 %), while there has been a progressive rise in the number of students following courses on culture (17 %) and literature (10 %).

• German universities have continued to offer a Supplementary Qualification in Catalan Lan-guage and Culture, a programme aimed at students on any other university degree which contributes to the consolidation of the Catalan studies curriculum, while at the same time encouraging teacher exchanges and work experience stays of students in companies and in-stitutions in Catalonia. In 2015, 14 students took advantage of this opportunity.

• During the 2015-2016 academic year, teaching in Catalan started at the University of São Pau-lo (Brazil) and the University of Foreign Studies in Beijing. In São Paulo, around 90 students enrolled for the Catalan language and culture course.

The teaching of Catalan abroad

Source: Ramon Llull Institute.

Germany 20

Argentina 2

Australia 1

Austria 2

Brazil 1

Canada 3

Croatia 1

Cuba 1

Spain 7

United States 22

Finland 1

France 21

Holland 1

Hungary 2

Ireland 3

Israel 1

Italy 12

Japan 4

Lithuania 1

Mexico 2

Poland 5

Portugal 1

United Kingdom 20

Czech Republic 3

Romania 1

Russia 2

Serbia 1

Sweden 1

Switzerland 1

Thailand 1

Chile 2

China 1

TOTAL 147

Universities by country


• Two selection calls were held for Catalan studies teachers: the first, for the University of Leipzig (Germany), the University of Hosei and the University of Foreign Studies in Tokyo (Japan), the University of Guadalajara (Mexico) and the University of Chile and the Pontificate Catholic University of Chile, with around fifty applicants; and the second for 25 universities in Europe and the United States, which received some 200 applications.

• Advanced studies and research continued to be promoted by means of funding from the Cen-tre of Catalan Studies at the Sorbonne in Paris, the Catalan Studies Research Centre (Queen Mary, University of London), the Joan Coromines Chair of Catalan Studies (University of Chi-cago), the Juníper Serra Chair (University of Stanford) and the Rodoreda Chair (The Graduate Center;.City University of New York).

• Also worth highlighting is the opening of the Degree in Catalan Language and Literature at the University of Brno (Czech Republic) for which the number of teachers dedicated full-time has been increased to four. The success of the new programme was underscored by the pre-enrol-ment of 100 students, of whom 30 were selected to follow the course. Meanwhile, the IRL and the University of Trento (Italy) have agreed to re-orient the existing collaboration agreement towards teaching specifically aimed at doctorate students.

20032004

93

20042005

95

20052006

98

20062007

107

20072008

124

20082009

121

20092010

126

20102011

123

20112012

114

20132014

86

20142015

20122013

114

Number of universities in the Network of Catalan Studies abroad. 2003-2015

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Source: drawn up by the DGPL based on data from the Ramon Llull Institute.

88

6,203 enrolments for

Catalan language and culture

courses at foreign

universities{ {


• The Ramon Llull Institute organized various actions geared towards students from outside the linguistic domain to help them visit Catalan-speaking regions:

— During the 2014-2015 academic year, courses have been given at the Universities of Bari, Bremen, Bochum, Freiburg, Bologna, Naples (L’Orientale and Federico II), Rome (La Sa-pienza), Turin and Venice, aimed at students who expected to continue or extend their studies at a Catalan-speaking university, to give them a basic knowledge of Catalan at source. A total of 300 students have taken part in this initiative.

— XIV University Campus of the Catalan Language. Held in Andorra la Vella and Girona be-tween 19 July and 2 August, Catalan language courses were given at the bàsic (A2) and elemental (B1) levels as well as courses on Catalan culture, and activities and cultural tours were organized for 29 students from 14 different countries (Germany, Colombia, Cuba, Slovakia, USA, Israel, France, Poland, Portugal, UK, Czech Republic, Romania, Russia and Serbia).

— Summer language school in Barcelona. The Ramon Llull Institute, in collaboration with the University of Barcelona, organized the third edition of the Summer Language School in Barcelona between 14 and 31 July, aimed at students of Catalan at universities and other educational centres abroad. The stay combined language courses at elemental (B1) and intermedi (B2) levels and in Catalan culture with a programme of leisure activities and language exchanges in conversation groups with students from the UB. In all, 30 students from 14 different countries took part (Germany, Canada, Spain, United States, France, Italy, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Portugal, United Kingdom, Czech Republic, Romania, Russia and Serbia).

Specialized Catalan studies course: literary translation. The Ramon Llull Institute, in col-laboration with the University of Vic – Central University of Catalonia, and the Open Uni-versity of Catalonia, organized the first edition of the specialized Catalan studies course on literary translation to promote the training of literary translators from Catalan to English and to enlarge the network of literary translators of Catalan. 10 students from universities in the United States and the United Kingdom took part.

— IRLats micro-stories course. For the fourth year running this competition was organized through Twitter for students of Catalan outside Catalan-speaking regions. Entries were presented by 75 students from around the world.

Third edition of

the Summer Language School in

Barcelona, with students from

14 countries

{ {


• Teacher training programmes:

— XXIX International Seminars for Catalan Teachers. Between 20 and 23 July, the Ramon Llull Institute organized the twenty-ninth edition of the Seminars at the University of Llei-da which were attended by around one hundred teachers.

— Journée d’études sur les Langues pour les Spécialistes d’Autres Disciplines, organized by the IRL and the University of Lille for teachers of Catalan studies. The seminars were attended by 25 lecturers from 13 French universities.

— Workshop for UK and Ireland based Catalan Tutors. The IRL and the University of Bristol organized this course for Catalan lecturers in the United Kingdom and Ireland. It was at-tended by 25 lecturers from 14 universities.

— Rencontre internationale sur l’enseignement des langues étrangères au Québec (RIELEQ). The University of Montreal organized the first edition of this international meeting on the teaching of foreign languages in Quebec, with the collaboration of the Ramon Llull Institute. During the event, a meeting was held of the teachers of Catalan studies at uni-versities in the United States and Canada.

— Training course on teaching Catalan as a foreign language. The Ramon Llull Institute, the Valencian Academy of the Language and the Vives Network of Universities organized the sixth edition of this course which was held in Vinaròs and Morella from 16 to 18 October. 40 people have enrolled.

• The Ramon Llull Institute has continued to support international Catalan study associations by means of annual agreements for undertaking projects related to Catalan studies:

— Anglo-Catalan Society (ACS)

— Latin American Catalan Society (ACAL)

— Association Française des Catalanistes (AFC)

— Associazione Italiana di Studi Catalani (AISC)

— Deutscher Katalanistenverbands (DKV)

— North American Catalan Society (NACS)

Programme of academic and cultural activities at universities

With support for the organization of academic and cultural activities, the Ramon Llull Institute con-tributed to raising the profile and increasing the presence of Catalan language and culture in foreign universities. In 2015 it organized around fifty activities, mainly conferences, seminars, congresses and academic lectures, with the participation of around one hundred speakers.


Map of Catalan communities abroad

Source: Presidential Department. Secretary of Foreign Affairs and the European Union.

Catalan communities

Presentation of the Catalan studies course at the University of California-Berkeley

The University of California-Berkeley organized a seminar to present the Catalan studies course it has been giving since the 1980s by its Spanish and Portuguese department, which will be resumed in the near future.

Catalan communities abroad

Catalan communities abroad, which enjoy official recognition and comprise Catalans and Catalan-ophiles all over the world, have held 120 courses and workshops on the Catalan language, with the support of the Catalan government and run by 49 organizations, attracting 2,059 students.

Source: Presidential Department. Secretary of Foreign Affairs and the European Union.

Germany 5

Argentina 11

Australia 1

Austria 1

Belgium 1

Brazil 2

Canada 1

Colombia 1

Costa Rica 1

Cuba 1

Denmark 1

Scotland 1

Ecuador 2

Spain 5

France 5

Japan 1

Luxembourg 1

Mexico 2

Paraguay 1

Switzerland 2

Uruguay 1

Venezuela 1

Chile 1

TOTAL 49


Teacher training course in Argentina

Between 9 and 12 July the 6th teacher training course was held at the Catalan Centre of Rosario (Argentina) for teachers of Catalan in South America, given by teaching experts from the General Directorate for Language Policy. This training activity was attended by professionals and volunteers who specialize in teaching the Catalan language in Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil and Chile, as well as people interested in including Catalan teaching at their casals (social centres).

Chinese words in Catalan

The Ministry of Culture has published a Style Guide for Writing Chinese Words in Catalan, as part of the collection in the Technical Library of Language Policy, which aims to provide a reference work on the criteria for accepting and adapting Catalan to words from the Chinese language, known as «sinoisms». This guide is complemented by two interactive appendixes: a table of the multimedia syllabic repertoire and a glossary featuring the most common terms that present difficulties.

The Guide is published in a context marked on the one hand by increased political, economic and cultural relations between China and Catalonia, and on the other by the consolidated presence of the Chinese community in Catalonia, who make up the third largest foreign population group in Catalonia after Moroccans and Romanians.

Learning Catalan from French and English

In 2015 two new titles in the «Living in Catalonia» collection were published: Aprenem català des del francès and Aprenem català des de l’anglès. (Learning Catalan from French and Learning Catalan from English). This material, published by the General Directorate for Language Policy and the Directo-rate General for Immigration, provides an introduction to the Catalan language, featuring everyday phrases for learning and practising to help facilitate communication with the host society.

Sami Apps Digital Library

The General Directorate for Language Policy, the Foreign Affairs Secretariat and the European Union have given their support to this educational app based on children’s stories from different publishing houses, which is available on Google Play and Apple Store, to encourage language learning, especially among children of Catalan families living in foreign communities. The app features Catalan stories in an animated version with a translation into other world languages. Other stories in different lan-guages will also have a version in Catalan.

The Style Guide for Writing

Chinese Words in Catalan

aims to provide a point of reference in this field

{ {


This section details the language promotion and cooperation actions of the Generalitat with oth-er Catalan-speaking regions.

Regional distribution of the Survey of Language Use among the Public at Large

As the result of an agreement between the Ministry of Culture and institutions in other Cata-lan-speaking regions, the General Directorate for Language Policy has instigated regional surveys on language use in the Balearic Islands, La Franja, Alghero and North Catalonia. It has also reached agreements with the Government of Andorra and the Valencian Community, which have carried out their own surveys. A coordinated analysis of the data was undertaken and allows most of the varia-bles to be compared, which are presented below.

Between 2013 and 2015, seven sociolinguistic surveys were carried out in Catalan-speaking re-gions. Five of these surveys (Catalonia, North Catalonia, La Franja, the Balearic Islands and Alghero) used the same questionnaire and were processed similarly; consequently, the results are completely comparable. In the case of Andorra and the Valencian Community they are only partially comparable.

The Catalan-speaking area is divided politically and administratively into different regions, which has led to different sociolinguistic dynamics. Even in the areas where the language is spoken by a minority -such as North Catalonia- Catalan continues to enjoy strong roots in the region and is something that the local community values and identifies with. Indeed, in most of these regions, Catalan speakers have never stopped passing on their language to their descendants and attracting new speakers, because learning Catalan and identifying with the language is a means of demon-strating willingness to integrate.

Catalan-speaking societies are very economically and socially dynamic which has helped their capacity to maintain and modernize the language, even in the face of the significant immigration that often characterizes these societies. The process of incorporating the knowledge and use of Cat-alan by the foreign-born population progresses slowly and is one of the main challenges across this whole linguistic area. In this respect, the data show that the process of linguistic integration of im-migrants is directly linked to the self-government capacity of each society.

Collaboration with other Catalan-speaking territories


People who understand Catalan

There is a regional block which is moving towards universal knowledge of Catalan, notably La Fran-ja, Catalonia and the Balearic Islands, in contrast to North Catalonia. The ability to understand Cat-alan reaches 94.3 % in Catalonia, between 77.7 % and 96.4 % in the Valencian Community, 96.8 % in the Balearic Islands, 94.1 % in La Franja, 61.1 % in North Catalonia and 88.2 % in Alghero.

Sources: EULP 2013 (Generalitat of Catalonia), Knowledge and social use of Valencian 2015 (Generalitat of Valencia),

EULIB 2014 (University of the Balearic Islands and the Generalitat of Catalonia), EULF (Campus Iberus and

the Generalitat of Catalonia), EULCN (General Council of the Eastern Pyrenees, French-Catalan Trans-border

Institute of the University of Perpignan-Via Domitia and the Generalitat of Catalonia), EULA (Alghero City Council

and the Generalitat of Catalonia) and EULAND (Government of Andorra).

Andorra: no data.*Region of Valencia: 77.7 % is made up of the categories «Well» and «Perfectly», and 96.4 % includes «A little».**Alghero: The line marks the percentage of those who said they «Understand it well» and «Understand it very well». The number indicates those who answered «Yes».

Andorra: no data.*Region of Valencia: 56.4 % is made up of the categories «Well» and «Perfectly», and 83.3 % includes «A little».**Alghero: The line marks the percentage of those who said they can speak it «Well» and «Very well». The number indicates those who answered «Yes».

Do you understand Catalan (Valencian, Algherese, etc.)? Yes/No Do you know how to speak Catalan (Valencian, Algherese, etc.)? Yes/No

100 %

90 %

80 %

70 %

60 %

50 %

40 %

30 %

20 %

10 %

0 %

100 %

90 %

80 %

70 %

60 %

50 %

40 %

30 %

20 %

10 %

0 %

catalonia cataloniabalearic islands

balearic islands

la franja la franjanorth catalonia

north catalonia

alghero algheroregion of valencia

(valencian -speaking

zone)

region of valencia


zone)

94.3 % 96.4 %* 96.8 % 94.1 %

61.1 %

88.2 %**80.4 % 83.3 %*

80.5 % 80.2 %

35.4 %

50.5 %**

77.7 %

56.4 %

People who can speak Catalan

The regional block (Catalonia, the Balearic Islands and La Franja) has remained at around 80 %. In Alghero (50.5 %) and North Catalonia (35.4 %), the oral use of the language is very low. The Cata-lan-speaking area of the Valencian Community, where almost half of the population say they do not know how to speak Catalan, shows significant margin for improvement.

Language knowledge


People who can read and/or write in Catalan

With regard to people who can read Catalan, the same regional pattern applies. In La Franja and Alghero, the fact that the Catalan language is not part of the official educational syllabus means that these percentages are lower than those for people who know how to speak the language.

Sources: EULP 2013 (Generalitat of Catalonia), Knowledge and social use of Valencian 2015 (Generalitat of Valencia), EULIB 2014 (University of the Balearic Islands and the Generalitat of Catalonia), EULF (Campus Iberus and the Generalitat of Catalonia), EULCN (General Council of the Eastern Pyrenees, French-Catalan Trans-border Institute of the University of Perpignan-Via Domitia and the

Generalitat of Catalonia), EULA (Alghero City Council and the Generalitat of Catalonia) and EULAND (Government of Andorra).

Can you read Catalan (Valencian, Algherese, etc.)? Yes/No Can you write in Catalan (Valencian, Algherese, etc.)? Yes/No

100 %

90 %

80 %

70 %

60 %

50 %

40 %

30 %

20 %

10 %

0 %

100 %

90 %

80 %

70 %

60 %

50 %

40 %

30 %

20 %

10 %

0 %

catalonia cataloniabalearic islands

balearic islands

la franja la franjanorth catalonia

north catalonia

alghero algheroregion of valencia


zone)

region of valencia


zone)

82.4 % 83.8 % 83.5 %*

74.7 %

39.2 %35.6 %**

60.4 % 63.8 %* 61.9 %

41.2 %

14.3 %8.1 %**

57.2 %

38.3 %

Andorra: no data. *Region of Valencia: 57.2 % is made up of the categories «Well» and «Perfectly», and 83.8 % includes «A little».**Alghero: The line marks the percentage of those who said they «Understand it well» and «Understand it very well». The number indicates those who answered «Yes».

Andorra: no data. *Region of Valencia: 38.3 % is made up of the categories «Well» and «Perfectly», and 63.8 % includes «A little».**Alghero: The line marks the percentage of those who answered «Well» and «Quite well». The number indicates those who answered «Yes».

People who know how to write in Catalan

The weakest skill is writing knowledge. The effect of the proportion of the Catalan language in edu-cational models and language policies implemented by public administrations is key to acquiring this skill.


First language, language of identification and habitual language

The percentage of the population with Catalan as a native language is, in descending order: La Franja (52 %), the Balearic Islands (38 %), Catalonia (31 %), Andorra (27 %), Alghero (17 %) and North Catalonia (9 %).In Catalonia the number of native language speakers is lower than the figure for identification and habitual language (36 %), which means that Catalan has continued to attract new speakers.

In La Franja, 52 % of the population’s native language is Catalan and, in fact, it is the region with the highest proportion of speakers for whom it is their native language. There is a slight drop in terms of the identification and habitual language: 51 % and 50 % respectively.

With regard to people for whom Catalan is their identification language, the highest percent-ages (51.4 %) are found in La Franja while this figure drops to 4.2 % in North Catalonia. These figures are 41.3 % in Andorra, 40.5 % in the Balearic Islands and 36.4 % in Catalonia.

19.0 %

56.7 %

9.4 %

14.9 %

Native language: the language people learnt to speak in as a child. 2013 and 2015 Identification language: What is your language? 2013 and 2015

100 %

90 %

80 %

70 %

60 %

50 %

40 %

30 %

20 %

10 %

0 %

100 %

90 %

80 %

70 %

60 %

50 %

40 %

30 %

20 %

10 %

0 %

catalonia cataloniaandorra andorrala franja la franjanorth catalonia

north catalonia

alghero algherobalearic islands

balearic islands

10.7 % 8.6 % 7.9 % 26.1 % 8.1 % 12.5 % 19.0 %9.9 % 35.0 % 11.6 % 17.6 % 27.3 %

55.6 % 47.8 % 47.0 %

25.8 %

38.6 % 75.9 %

56.7 %

48.6 %

29.3 %

33.8 %69.7 %

49.8 %

2.5 %

7.0 %4.6 % 6.8 %

1.9 %

7.5 %

9.4 %

14.9%

3.6 %8.7 %

2.5 %

3.5 %

5.5 %31.3 %

36.6 %40.5 % 41.3 %

51.4 %

4.2 %

37.9 %

27.0 %

52.2 %

9.1 %

17.5 %

Catalan equally with another main language

Catalan only or mainly

Another main language

Other languages or combinations

NoteRegion of Valencia: No data.Andorra: In which language did you learn to speak? Multi-choice question (recalculated).«Other languages or combinations»: Includes combinations of other languages with Catalan.Alghero: «Other languages or combinations» include 11.3 % for Sardinian, 2.7 % for Sardinian and Italian, and 7.3 % for other Italian languages.Andorra: «Other languages or combinations» include 16.1 % for Portuguese and 5.7 % for French.




Habitual language

The people who consider that Catalan is their habitual language amount to 49.6 % in La Franja, 45.6 % in Andorra, 36.8 % in the Balearic Islands and 36.4 % in Catalonia. In Alghero this figure drops to 9.1 % and in North Catalonia it falls even further to 1.3 %.



Habitual language: What is your habitual language? 2013 and 2015 100 %

90 %

80 %

70 %

60 %

50 %

40 %

30 %

20 %

10 %

0 %

catalonia andorra la franja north catalonia

algherobalearic islands

5.8 % 2.9 % 17.4 % 3.6 % 7.1 % 7.9 %50.9 % 49.9 %

27.5 %

40.6 % 87.1 % 75.1 %

6.9 % 10.3 %

9.6 % 6.3 %

4.4 %

7.9 %

36.4 % 36.8 %

45.6 %49.6 %

1.3 %9.1 %

Note Region of Valencia: No data.Andorra: Multi-choice question (recalculated).«Other languages or combinations»: Includes combinations of other languages with Catalan.Alghero: «Other languages or combinations» include other non-foreign languages (Sardinian, other Italian languages).


Another main language exclusively or primarily




Language uses at home

The percentage of people who say they speak Catalan at home, in descending order, is as follows: La Franja (50.6 %), Balearic Islands (38.4 %), Andorra (37.6 %), Catalonia (32.1 %), Valencian Commu-nity (31.1 %), and Alghero (7.7 %). In North Catalonia these figures are negligible so it is impossible to establish a statistically significant figure.

Note Population: households with 2 or more members.Andorra: Recalculated multi-choice question. People who respond «Predominantly Catalan» are considered as «Catalan only or mainly». «Other languages or combinations»: Includes combinations of other languages with Catalan.Alghero: «Other languages or combinations» include non-foreign languages (Sardinian, other languages).

At home, what language do you speak? 2013 and 2015

100 %

90 %

80 %

70 %

60 %

50 %

40 %

30 %

20 %

10 %

0 %

catalonia balearic islands

la franja north catalonia

algheroregion of valencia


zone)

andorra





8.7 %

51.1 %

8.0 %

32.1 %

3.2 % 5.5 % 25.6 % 7.9 % 16.9 % 8.3 %56.3 % 47.2 %

30.8 %

33.7 %

79.0 %

78.3 %

9.4 %

8.9 %6.0 %

7.9 %

5.7 %

31.1 %

38.4 % 37.6 %

50.6 %

7.7 %




Language use in the retail sector

The use of Catalan in local retail establishments is higher in Andorra and La Franja, with figures of around 50 %. In Andorra the use of Catalan in local retail establishments is evidently higher than the use of Spanish, but in La Franja the percentages are fairly similar.

In Catalonia and the Balearic Islands, the use of Catalan in the retail sector is around 40 %. The use of Spanish is slightly higher. The use of Valencian in the Valencian Community is around 26 %, while Spanish is used by a majority (60 %).

In North Catalonia and Alghero, French and Italian respectively are overwhelmingly used in the retail sector, whether in local shops or large shopping centres.

100 %

90 %

80 %

70 %

60 %

50 %

40 %

30 %

20 %

10 %

0 %




(valencian -speaking zone)

andorra



When you shop locally, what language do you use? 2013 and 2015

0.6 %44.8 %

15.1 %

39.5 %

0.5 %59.9 %

13.3 %

26.3 %

1.1 %51.2 %

9.5 %

38.1 %

42.1 %

12.1 %

45.9 %

2.3 %95.2 %

1.7 %

93.2 %

4.5 %

1.9 %28.4 %

16.3 %

53.5 %





Note Population: visit local shops.Andorra: The categories are «Only Catalan», «Catalan and Spanish», «Only Spanish», and «Other languages or combinations».«Other languages or combinations»: Includes combinations of other languages with Catalan.Alghero: «Other languages or combinations» include non-foreign languages (Sardinian, other languages). If data are not statistically significant for calculation purposes they do not appear in the graph.


When you go to large establishments such as supermarkets and hypermarkets, which language do you use? 2013 and 2015


Generalitat of Catalonia), EULA (Alghero City Council and the Generalitat) and EULAND (Government of Andorra).

100 %

90 %

80 %

70 %

60 %

50 %

40 %

30 %

20 %

10 %

0 %




(valencian -speaking zone)

andorra

0.4 %49.8 %

15.6 %

34.3 %

1.5 %

60.9 %

10.5 %

27.1 %

0.5 %68.9 %

13.0 %

17.6 %

66.7 %

13.4 %

19.9 %

1.0 %97.6 %

1.0 %

98.6 % 8.4 %

45.2 %

29.1 %

17.3 %





Note Population: visit local shops.Andorra: The categories are «Only Catalan», «Catalan and Spanish», «Only Spanish», and «Other languages or combinations».«Other languages or combinations»: Includes combinations of other languages with Catalan.Alghero: «Other languages or combinations» include non-foreign languages (Sardinian, other languages). If data are not statistically significant for calculation purposes they do not appear in the graph.


Use of Catalan in the Public Administration

With regard to the use of Catalan in the Public Administration, in Andorra the language used in the Communes is primarily Catalan (86.2 %). In Catalonia the use of Catalan is slightly higher (50.5 %) than Spanish, while the percentage in the Balearic Islands and La Franja (40.6 % and 38.8 % respec-tively) is lower than the use of Spanish.

In Alghero and North Catalonia, the use of Italian and French respectively in the local admin-istration is overwhelming, although in Alghero the use of Catalan, especially combined with Italian, has a certain minority presence.



Language used by local administrations (Town Councils). 2013 and 2015 100 %

90 %

80 %

70 %

60 %

50 %

40 %

30 %

20 %

10 %

0 %



alghero andorra

41.0 %

8.3 %

50.5 %

5.0 %

46.7 %

7.7 %

40.6 %

51.7 %

9.5 %

38.8 %

99.0 % 96.6 % 1.2 %11.8 %

0.9 %86.2 %





Note Population: visits local administration offices.Andorra: The categories are «Only Catalan», «Catalan and Spanish», «Only Spanish», and «Other languages or combinations».«Other languages or combinations»: Includes combinations of other languages with Catalan.Alghero: «Other languages or combinations» include non-foreign languages (Sardinian, other languages). If data are not statistically significant for calculation purposes they do not appear in the graph.


catalonia andorra la franja north catalonia

algherobalearic islands

100 %

90 %

80 %

70 %

60 %

50 %

40 %

30 %

20 %

10 %

0 %

Awareness of linguistic unity

When it comes to awareness of linguistic unity, two regional groups can be identified. One the one hand there is Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, Andorra and La Franja, where 60 % of the population is in full agreement on the unity of the Catalan language. On the other there is Alghero and North Catalonia, where the percentage of those who are in full agreement only amounts to 30 %. However, if we add those who say they tend to agree, all six regions exceed 80 %.



Note Region of Valencia: No data.North Catalonia: «in Catalonia (North and South), the Balearic Islands, Valencia and Andorra, do they speak Catalan?»

Level of agreement on the unity of the language: The dialects of the Balearic Islands, the Valencian Community, Andorra and Catalonia are all different ways of speaking the same language. 2013 and 2015

6.9 % 6.4 %

7.2 %

8.5 % 2.2 %5.4 %12.7 %

5.1 %1.3 %

3.9 %

5.6 %

20.2 %

2.4 %5.8 %

20.4 %

18.2 %14.4 %

5.5 % 5.5 %23.2 %

45.7 %

54.2 %

59.6 %

22.4 %

60.7 % 60.1 % 59.4 %

29.8 % 27.2 %Tend to disagree

Tend to agree

Completely agree

Completely disagree

No views on the subject

The level of agreement

on the unity of the language

comes to around 80 %

{ {


3rd Seminar on Language and Society in Catalan-Speaking Regions

The Seminar, organized by the General Directorate for Language Policy, focused on the presentation of the main factors that impact on languages in Catalonia, based on an analysis of the data from the Survey of Language Use Among the Public at Large (EULP) 2013. It was attended by 250 experts. It also reported on the situation and initial results of the surveys on language use in Catalan-speaking regions which provide data from the whole linguistic domain.

Casa de la Generalitat in Perpignan

The Casa de la Generalitat (Catalan Government House) in Perpignan (France), the official repre-sentative of the Catalan Government in North Catalonia, through its Dissemination of the Catalan Language Service, provides support and resources for the initiatives and projects to promote Cata-lan as well as offering advice to institutions, businesses and associations.

• In 2015 the following Catalan courses were held:

The course for municipal managers and staff is a new feature and was organized at the request of the Association of Mayors and Elected Representatives of the Department of the Eastern Pyre-nees. It was supported by the Inter-Commune Syndicate for the Occitan and Catalan Languages (SIOCAT).

• Catalan examinations of the General Directorate for Language Policy in Perpignan, with a total of 140 people enrolled, 52 more than in 2014.

Bàsic 32 examinees

Elemental 37 examinees

Intermedi 45 examinees

Suficiència 26 examinees

Total 140 examinees

2 at inicial level 38 students

1 complementary level 21 students

One for municipal managers and staff 10 students

Total 69 students

New Catalan course in

Perpignan for municipal managers

and staff

{ {


Apart from the courses, the Casa de la Generalitat in Perpignan also organized other actions, such as:

— Distribution of 420 booklets —250 of Vocabulari en imatges (Vocabulary in Pictures) and 170 of Comencem a parlar (Let’s start talking) — to schools, associations and institutions.

— Distribution of the children’s magazines Cucafera and Camacuc for 22 immersive bilingual schools.

— Talks on aspects relating to the Catalan language at ten secondary schools.— Translation of the catalogue for the Visa Off Festival of photo reportage by the Chamber of

Commerce and Industry of Perpignan and the Eastern Pyrenees.

It also organized the first edition of the Ramon Juncosa Award for Cross-Border Journalism, for which entries must be written in Catalan. The winners were Júlia Taurinyà and Sebastià Girard for a report broadcast on Ràdio Arrels entitled Nins de la Retirada.

The General Directorate for Language Policy provided support for Òmnium Catalunya Nord to promote and disseminate Catalan courses for adults, of which 36 were organized during the 2014-2015 academic year.

The Government of the Balearic Islands rejoins the Ramon Llull Institute

On 24 November, a protocol was signed in Palma de Mallorca to incorporate the Balearic Islands Consortium in the Ramon Llull institute, which it used to form part of previously. This reintegration of the Balearic Islands administration into the IRL demonstrates their determination to re-establish relations to consolidate and strengthen the cultural and linguistic bonds between the two regions.

The Generalitat in Alghero

The Alghero Office of the Catalan Government’s Representative in Italy worked to strengthen the presence and knowledge of the Catalan language and culture in the Sardinian city through the fol-lowing actions:

— Collaboration agreement between the Municipality of Alghero and the Generalitat (signed in 2009) to promote economic, commercial and tourist relations over an eight-year period. This includes strengthening school and academic exchanges to disseminate and consoli-date the social use of the Catalan language.

— Catalunya Cinema a les escoles de l'Alguer (Catalunya Cinema in schools in Alghero) brought Catalan cinema to Alghero schoolchildren. This cycle on contemporary Catalan cinema, in collaboration with the Catalan Institute of Cultural Enterprises (ICEC) and Catalan Films & TV has reached more than 2,000 primary and secondary school students this year.


— Educational visit to Alghero of Catalan students from the Europa International School in Sant Cugat del Vallès in order to work on a documentary on the sociolinguistic situation of the so-called Barceloneta of Sardinia. This included meetings with cultural and educational associations and a visit to the Syndic of Alghero.

— The IV International Meeting of Teachers and Students of Catalan Abroad was held in Sar-dinia between 13 and 16 April. The activities, both academic and recreational, were held at the University of Sàsser, the Satta de Nuoro Library and the Sala Meta in Alghero.

The exhibition «Catalan, a European Language», organized by the General Directorate for Language Policy, also visited various towns in Sardinia, including Alghero, and was visited by a total of 3,500 people. For its showing in Sardinia two new panels were created in Algherese: one on the history of the Catalan language in Alghero and another on Algherese as a lan-guage of culture. The leaflets for the exhibition were also published in Algherese, Sardinian and Italian.

— Participation, in September, in the Conference of the Italian Association of Catalan Studies in Turin, with a session dedicated to Alghero.

— CUELDA (Course for Teachers of Catalan Language and Didactics in Alghero). This 40-hour course was organized by the Commission for Public Education in the Region of Sardinia, in collaboration with Alghero City Council and the Generalitat of Catalonia. There were 45 teachers who signed up for the course with the aim achieving a sufficient level of autonomy to explore the oral and written knowledge of Catalan in Alghero, as well as language policy and language legislation.

— Participation in different presentations of the translation into Algherese of Le Petit Prince, by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, carried out by Carla Valentino. The publication is the result of collaboration between the Sardinian publishing house Papiros, the Òmnium Cultural of Alghero and the Alghero Office of the Catalan Government Representative in Italy.

The exhibition

Catalan, a European

Language was shown at

various towns in

Sardinia

{ {


Catalan Generalitat Government Delegation in Madrid

The Catalan Generalitat Government Representative in Madrid, through the Aules de Català (Catalan Classes) programme, organizes courses in Catalan for adults as well as children which are given between October and May at the Blanquerna Cultural Centre. This year 309 students signed up for the course.

The Catalan Government Representative and the Ramon Llull Institute held two Catalan lan-guage examinations, with a total of 189 examinees.

As well as the courses at the Blanquerna Cultural Centre and support for Spanish universities through the Ramon Llull Institute, the Government Delegation also carried out the following actions:

Organization of the Week of Catalan Culture 2015, which coincided with St George’s Day, at the Blanquerna Cultural Centre. 2 beginners’ Catalan classes were offered, open to anyone interested in learning the language, and the first Micro-Stories Competition was held, entitled Aules de Català (Catalan Classes), which almost 50 students entered.

Learning Catalan, Basque and Galician in the rest of Spain

The General Directorate for Language Policy, in collaboration with the governments of the Basque Country and Galicia, provided the general public on the Llengua Catalana website with a map of in-formation on where in Spain people can learn Catalan, Basque and Galician outside the areas where they are usually spoken.

The map allows searches by provinces, towns and types of centre, which are mainly universi-ties, language academies and casals (social centres). All the centres are shown with GPS and other key information for people who want to contact them to learn Catalan, Basque or Galician.

This initiative is one of the actions used within the framework of the Protocol for Collaboration on Language Policy between the governments of Catalonia, the Basque Country and Galicia.

By the end of the year, there were 19 places in Spain where people could learn Catalan outside the Catalan-speaking regions. Of these, 9 are universities, 4 are official language academies, 5 are Catalan communities, as well as the Catalan Government Representative in Madrid. In terms of cities, Madrid has the most centres, with 5, followed by Zaragoza with 3. In terms of Autonomous Communities, Madrid and Aragon have 5 centres each, followed by Andalusia with 3.

In 2015, 3,728 people from other parts of Spain signed up for Catalan courses on the online learning platform Parla.cat, which received 144,945 visits from the rest of Spain.

Activities in Spain

level enrolled students

Bàsic (A2) 118

Elemental (B1) 44

Intermedi (B2) 41

Suficiència (C1) 75

Superior (C2) 7

Conversational course 15

Course for children 9

Total students 309

189 examinees sat Catalan exams

in Madrid{ {

144,945 visits to

Parla.cat from elsewhere

in Spain

{ {

19 centres for learning Catalan outside the Catalan-speaking regions{ {


Participation in European organizations

The Generalitat is a member of the European Network to Promote Linguistic Diversity (NPLD), the Association of Language Testers in Europe (ALTE), the European Association of Terminology (EAT)

and the Linguanet Europa project, as the leading European associations in their respective fields.

Xarxa Europea per a la Promoció de la Diversitat Lingüística (European Network to Promote Linguistic Diversity) - NPLDThe NPLD is a Europe-wide network that works in the field of language policy and the planning of constitutional, regional and small-state languages (CRSS), enjoying legal recognition. Members of the NPLD include government representatives, both national and regional, universities and associations.

The main goal of the NPLD is to raise the awareness of institutions and the general public, at a European level, of the vital importance of linguistic diversity. Another of the NPLD’s objectives is to facilitate the exchange of best practices among governments, policy makers, practitioners, research-ers and experts from all over Europe, and to influence the European agenda on language.

In 2015, the General Directorate for Language Policy has continued to participate in the meet-ings of the network:

• In February, the European Parliament in Brussels officially launched the European Roadmap for Linguistic Diversity for a consultation period by Euro MPs. The Roadmap, which is based on strategic recommendations and translated into Catalan, outlines a new vision for the future of languages and linguistic diversity within the European Union. Two round tables were also organized in Brussels, one on language and economy and the other on language and immi-gration. The General Directorate for Language Policy played an active role in both.

• A letter was sent to the French and Italian presidents to urge them to move forward with rat-ifying the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages.

• Participation in the General Assembly and the meeting of the Steering Commission of the NPLD in Helsinki in June.

Association of Language Testers in Europe

In 2015, the General Directorate for Language Policy took part as a full member in the two annual meetings of the Association of Language Testers in Europe (ALTE). The forty-sixth meeting, held in May, was hosted in Bergen by VOX, the Norwegian agency for lifelong learning, with the theme of «Levels B2-C1 for academic purposes». At the forty-seventh meeting, in November, the host was the University for Foreigners of Perugia (Italy) and the theme was «The Concept of Quality in Language Assessment».


Cooperation with national and international terminology networks

During 2015, TERMCAT continued to collaborate with the terminology networks of which it is a member:

— AETER, the Spanish Association for Terminology— EAT, European Association for Terminology— REALITER, the Pan-Latin Terminology Network— RITERM, the Ibero-American Terminology Network— SCATERM, the Catalan Association for Terminology

Collaboration is through sharing and disseminating information and publications on terminology, contributing to the seminars and congresses organized as part of the networks’ activities, by participat-ing in the board meetings of certain organizations – TERMCAT has held the executive secretariat of the EAT since 2011 and the treasury since 2013 – and participation in multilingual terminology projects.

As part of the REALITER network, TERMCAT has worked throughout this year on updating the Social Networks Glossary and completing the Catalan names for the Pan-Latin Glossary of Sustainable Mobility and the Pan-Latin Glossary of Smart Cities.

Collaboration of TERMCAT with the European Parliament

TERMCAT signed a collaboration agreement in 2015 with the Terminology Coordination Unit of the European Parliament (TermCoord) to add Catalan terminology to the internal version of the IATE database (InterActive Terminology for Europe). The IATE is the terminology resource shared by the institutions related to the European Parliament to guarantee the consistency of terminology used in the documents drawn up in the different working languages of the European Union.

Language and Constitutional Law

As part of the session on Language and Constitutional Law organized on 29 May by the General Di-rectorate for Language Policy, there was a presentation of the study entitled Linguistic Officialdom. Constitutional definitions and legal implications and practices, written by Eva Pons, a lecturer in Con-stitutional Law at the University of Barcelona. The study forms part of the work by the Group of Ex-perts in Linguistic and Sociolinguistic Law of the General Directorate for Language Policy and is an analysis of other constitutions around the world that contain language clauses. It also examines the concepts to which they apply, such as the status of official language.

During the same session, there was a presentation of the Note on a member state joining the Eu-ropean Union: general linguistic aspects with specific reference to Catalonia, given by Narcís Mir, from the Generalitat's Secretariat for Foreign and European Union Affairs. This work was commissioned by the General Directorate for Language Policy as part of the work on the national transition.

Finally, Joan Ramon Solé, from the General Directorate for Language Policy, presented the report entitled Grievances against the Catalan language, 2010-2013. These grievances have been taken from the data provided by the Generalitat on the 4th Spanish report tracking the implementation of the European Charter on Regional and Minority Languages (CELRoM).

Agreement between

TERMCAT and the Terminology Coordination Unit of

the European Parliament

{ {A new study

examines in greater depth the use of

official languages

in State constitutions

{ {


Sign language in Catalan (LSC)

The number of people with hearing impairments in Catalonia is 29,330, according to the 2015 fig-ures from the Ministry of Social Welfare and Family. This figure includes both signers, deaf people

who communicate by sign language, and oralists, deaf people who communicate by lip reading, and also includes people who have lost their hearing capacity due to age or for health reasons.

Social Council on Catalan Sign Language The Council, which is the body responsible for advice, consultations and social participation in the government’s language policy in relation to sign language in Catalan, was set up in 2013 in accordance with the provisions of Act 17/2010 on Catalan Sign Language (LSC).

On 28 April the Council held its annual meeting at which it presented work to establish the corpus of LSC, which is being carried out by the Institut d’Estudis Catalans (Institute of Catalan Studies) with the support of the General Directorate for Language Policy. It also gave an overview of its actions in 2014, the Plan to Promote Sign Language in Catalan in 2015 and the Selective Bibliography on Sign Languages, that contains national and international publications dating back to 1987 and which is regularly updated.

The Council is made up of representatives from the Philology Section of the Institut d’Estudis Catalans, the Catalan Federation for the Deaf (FESOCA), the Catalan Sign Language Interpreter As-sociation (ACILS), the Catalan Association of Parents of Hearing-Impaired Children (ASPANCE), and the Ministries of Social Welfare and Family, Education, and Governance and Institutional Relations. It is chaired by the Minister for Culture, and the vice-chairperson is the Director-General of Language Policy.

Promoting knowledge of Catalan sign language


Catalan sign language in educationThe Ministry of Education, through measures established for access to the knowledge and use of LSC by all deaf and deaf-blind students in a bilingual format (LSC-Catalan), complies with the pro-visions of Act 17/2010, of 3 June 2010, on Catalan Sign Language; Act 13/2014, of 30 October 2014, on Accessibility, and Ruling 749/VIII of the Catalan Parliament on measures to guarantee the learning, education, accessibility and use of Catalan and the resources for the oral option of deaf and deaf-blind people who communicate orally.

There are 47 assembly centres for deaf students which serve as a point of reference in infant, primary and compulsory secondary education for schooling children and young people with special educational needs associated with hearing impairment. Of these centres, there are 7 (in Barcelona, Sabadell and Girona) that offer bilingual LSC-Catalan teaching for compulsory education.

The 2014-2015 academic year saw the introduction of 500-hour contracts with sign language interpreters, which were extended whenever changes in the needs assessed by the educational re-sources centres for the hearing impaired (CREDA) were deemed necessary. As well as CREDA speech therapists, students also have access to hearing and language teachers (MALL) at the centre where they are being schooled.

organisations courses students

Federació de Persones Sordes de Catalunya (Catalan Federation for the Deaf) 23 137

Servei Educatiu de la Cerdanya (La Cerdanya Education Service) 1 15

Fundación Grupo Hada (Hada Group Foundation) 7 54

Associació de Sords de Girona (Association of Deaf People of Girona) 1 2

Servei d'Atenció a la Diversitat i la Inclusió (Service for Diversity and Inclusion) 1 7

Moviment d'innovació educativa de Lleida (Lleida Educational Innovation Movement) 1 10

TOTAL 34 225

• The Ministry of Social Welfare and Family awards an annual grant for communication (inter-preting service and interpreter/guide) for students with hearing or visual impairments over the age of 16.


University education

• The Ministry of Economy and Knowledge has organized an annual line of grants for univer-sities in the Catalan system to promote projects that guarantee equal rights for students with disabilities (UNIDISCAT). A total of 6 grants were awarded to 6 universities for an overall sum of €110,694. Some 70 % of this amount corresponds to the Secretariat for Universities and Re-search (€77,486), and 30 % is financed by the universities (€33,208).

• Pompeu Fabra University (UPF) offers a course on Catalan sign language as part of the its Applied Languages degree course (15 students for the 2014-2015 academic year) and its Trans-lation and Interpreting course (31 students).

• The same university, with the collaboration of the Associació de Pares de Nens Sords de Catalun-ya (APANSCE – Catalan Association of Parents of Hearing-Impaired Children) and the Tres Pins Municipal School (Barcelona), organized a conference entitled «The rise and fall of sign language in an era of educational inclusion and implants», given by paediatrician Carlos Manuel Sánchez García who works with the Regional Polytechnic University of Merida (Venezuela).

• The Sign Language Laboratory of the UPF and the General Directorate for Language Policy or-ganized the conference entitled «The right to language. Why all deaf children should be taught a sign language» , given by American linguist Donna Jo Napoli, a professor at Swarthmore College (Pennsylvania).

• The University of Barcelona (UB) offered two extension courses at level A1 of LSC and two courses at level A2. It also offered a Master’s degree in LSC interpretation and took part in two European projects in this field: SIGN-MET (Methodologies and Evaluation Tools) and SIGN-LEF (Language European Framework).

• The Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB) offers students and members of the public who are interested in LSC the online resource entitled Basic Guide to Communicating in LSC, Signem.

Training personnel in Public Administration

• The Ministry of Culture, through the Public Administration School, has started offering LSC training aimed at staff working in public authorities. It is planned to continue the training over the coming years until a total of 120 hours have been imparted.

• In this respect, the following courses have been organized this year:

— An LSC-1 course of 30 hours, for which 17 people enrolled and 16 obtained a certificate.— An initial LSC-1 course of 15 hours, for which 18 people enrolled and 17 obtained a certificate.

• A Module A course (introduction to LSC) of 30 hours for the Mossos d’Esquadra police force, followed by 24 people.


LSC Award for Promoting Catalan Sign Language

This year the Ministry of Culture has created the LSC Award for Promoting Catalan Sign Language, an institutional commendation that aims to recognize the individuals, organizations and initiatives that help to foster the disseminating and prestige of Catalan sign language. This award is part of the official awards granted by the Generalitat in relation to the promotion and outreach of languages in Catalonia, such as the Pompeu Fabra Awards for Catalan and the Robèrt Lafont Award for promoting the Occitan language.

The LSC Award for Promoting Catalan Sign Language will be given every two years in three categories: to a signing person, an organization and an initiative that have stood out in their efforts to promote and research Catalan sign language.

The presentation of the first award took place in the Palau de la Generalitat on 3 June, the date on which Act 17/2010 on Catalan Sign Language was enacted.

Catalan sign language services

• The Girona Citizens’ Advice Office offers an LSC interpreting service. In 2015, 80 people at-tended it.

• The Ministry of Justice offers an LSC interpreting service for the Courts of Justice of Catalonia. 194 interpreting services have been performed.

• The press conferences of the Generalitat, held every Tuesday after the Executive Meeting, are covered by an interpreter in Catalan Sign Language.

• The Museu Nacional d’Art de Catalunya (National Museum of Art of Catalonia) has a free video-guide service in sign language (a PDA with a tactile screen that plays videos in Catalan, Spanish and international sign language and has subtitles in Catalan, Spanish and English).

• Every day at 9.00 am from Monday to Friday, the autonomous television station TVC offers five minute news bulletins with an LSC interpreter on the Els Matins morning programme (TV3 and 3/24) and the evening news on 3/24 also has an LSC interpreter, which is also available on the websites of the Catalan Audiovisual Media Corporation.

A new award recognizes

the individuals, organizations and

initiatives that promote

LSC

{ {


Occitan; Aranese in Val d’Aran

In 2015, an in-depth study was carried out on the data relating to the language situation in Val d’Aran from the Survey of Language Use Among the Public at Large 2013, from which we presented the

first results in 2014. The population under study comprises residents of the region aged 15 and over.

The population of AranAccording to the figures from the population census of 2015, the current population of Val d’Aran is 9,926 people, 50 fewer than in 2014. This shows that the downward trend in the population which started in 2010 has continued. This decline can be explained by the drop in the number of people born abroad (in 2015 this figure was almost 500 people fewer than in 2009) and, to a lesser extent, those born in the rest of Spain (50 fewer). However, in 2015 the number of people born in Val d’Aran and the rest of Catalonia rose, although just slightly (around 100 more people have been born in Val d’Aran and 60 in the rest of Catalonia since 2009). Even so, Val d’Aran continues to have a higher percentage of people born abroad (21 %) and in the rest of Spain (20 %) than Catalonia as a whole (17 % born abroad and 18 % in the rest of Spain).

The language situation of Aranese Occitan

country % of total population population abroad

Romania 589 37.85 %

Morocco 163 10.48 %

France 89 5.72 %

Algeria 89 4.43 %

Colombia 69 4.31 %

Portugal 67 4.31 %

Bolivia 67 3.21 %

Italy 50 2.8 %

DominicanRepublic 47 3.02 %

Argentina 35 2.25 %

Other countries 291 18.70 %

TOTAL 1,556 100.0%

* Population with foreign nationality

Foreign population* by country. Val d’Aran. 2015

Source: Idescat.

Population according to place of birth. Val d’Aran. 2003-2015

Source: Ongoing population census.

100 %

75 %

50 %

25 %

0 %

2003 20072005 2009 2011 20152013

10.2 % 15.7 % 20.7 % 25.0 % 23.6 % 22.8 % 21.0 %

25.9 %24.4 %

22.7 % 20.6 % 20.5 % 20.6 % 20.8 %

23.3 %22.2 % 21.0 % 19.7 % 20.3 % 20.5 % 21.1 %

40.5 % 37.4 % 35.6 % 34.7 % 35.6 % 36.2 % 37.1 %

Val d’Aran Rest of Catalonia Rest of Spain Abroad


Knowledge of Aranese OccitanThe place of birth is a key variable in knowledge of Occitan. Of people aged over 15 born in Val d’Aran, 99.2 % understand Occitan, 94.6 % can speak it and 64.8 % can write it; when it comes to the foreign-born population, 53.7 % understand it, 19.5 % can speak it and 15.2 % can write it. With regard to the population born in the rest of Catalonia, 91.2 % understand Occitan, 69.6 % can speak it and 43.1 % can write it. Finally, in terms of the population born in the rest of Spain, 75.3 % under-stand Occitan, 33.2 % can speak it and a lower proportion than the foreign-born population, 12.9 %, can write it.

99.2 % of the population

of Val d’Aran understand Aranese Occitan

Knowledge of Occitan according to place of birth. Val d’Aran. 2013

Understand it Can speak it Can write it

100 %

90 %

80 %

70 %

60 %

50 %

40 %

30 %

20 %

10 %

0 %

val d’aran rest of catalonia rest of spain abroad

99.2 %91.2 %

75.3 %

53.7 %

94.6 %

69.6 %

33.2 %

19.5 %

64.8 %

43.1 %

12.9 % 15.2 %

{ {


Habitual language according to age groupSpanish is the habitual language of 55.1 % of the population of Val d’Aran aged 15 and over. Occitan is the habitual language of 21.4 % of the Aranese population (either Occitan only or Occitan plus another language) while Catalan is the habitual language of 16.4 % of its inhabitants. Around 7 % use other languages and language combinations as their habitual language.

Almost half (45 %) the people aged 65 and over use Occitan as their habitual language, a percent-age very much higher than in other age brackets. Of the population aged between 30 and 44, only 8.1 % use Occitan as their habitual language, and this is the age bracket with the highest percentage of Spanish (62.9 %) or other languages (15.3 %) as their habitual language. It is worth bearing in mind that this is the age group with the highest percentage of people born abroad and in the rest of Spain.

Finally, the youngest age group match the percentage of use of Occitan of the 45-64 age bracket. These two age brackets are also those who make the most use of Catalan (between 17 % and 20 %).

Habitual language according to age group. Val d’Aran. 2013

Aranese

Spanish

Catalan

Other languages and language combinations

100 %50 % 90 %40 % 80 %30 % 70 %20 % 60 %10 %0 %

TOTAL

15 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 64

64 years and over

17.6 %

16.6 %

8.1 %

17.0 %

45.6 %

16.4 %

17.8 %

13.0 %

20.0 %

13.4 %

55.1 %

58.9 %

62.9 %

53.0 %

34.6 %

10.6 %

6.7 %

15.3 %

10.1 %

6.4 %



Language spoken with childrenThe first language used with the eldest child is Spanish, with over 35 %, followed by Occitan, which is used by almost 20 % of the population. Finally, Catalan is the language used by almost 15 % of the inhabitants of Val d’Aran, while around 30 % use other languages and language combinations. This plural linguistic situation has become more accentuated since 2008, as there has been a drop in Occitan, Catalan and Spanish as a single language and an increase in language combinations that include the use of Aranese: either Catalan plus Aranese, or Catalan, Spanish and Aranese.

Language used with the eldest child.Val d’Aran. 2008-2013

100 %50 % 90 %40 % 80 %30 % 70 %20 % 60 %10 %0 %

Eldest child 2013

Eldest child 2008

18.9 % 15.2 % 36.6 % 4.9 % 5.4 %

9.2 %

10.9 %

40.0 %15.8 %22.3 %

Source: EULP2013. People aged 15+. DGPL and Idescat.Note: Population: with children.

In Catalan only

In Aranese only In Spanish and Aranese

Catalan and Aranese

In Spanish only In Catalan, Spanish and Aranese

Catalan and Spanish

In other languages only

Other combinationsof languages

No information


Interpersonal language useWith regard to other interpersonal language use, although Spanish is the most widely-used language with work colleagues, friends, neighbours and household members, the presence of Occitan and Cat-alan in combination with Spanish is very common. This is particularly the case with fellow students.

The graph shows how language combinations are the most common option used by the pop-ulation of Val d’Aran.

Interpersonal language use.Val d’Aran. 2013

100 %50 % 90 %40 % 80 %30 % 70 %20 % 60 %10 %0 %

Fellow students

Work colleagues

Friends

Neighbours

Household members

12.5 %

5.6 %

5.3 %

8.7 %

12.1 %

21.7 %

46.1 %

3.9 % 30.7 %

4.2 % 38.5 %

9.6 % 40.8 %

7.2 %

7.0 %7.1 %

12.2 %

8.9 %

6.2 %7.7 %5.9 %

10.5 %

10.3 %

5.0 %

16.4 %

5.0 % 6.7 %

4.0 %

4.0 %4.0 %

23.2 %

14.8 %

23.1 %20.5 %

11.6 %

15.6 %


The use of language combinations

is the most common choice with work colleagues,

friends, neighbours and household members

{ {Note: Figures that do not appear are insignificant for statistical purposes.

In Catalan only

In Aranese only In Spanish and Aranese

Catalan and Aranese

In Spanish only In Catalan, Spanish and Aranese

Catalan and Spanish



No information


The presence of Occitan is growing in all

interpersonal relations except for household members,

where it remains the same

Evolution of interpersonal language use 2008-2013The presence of Occitan - on its own or combined with other languages - in interpersonal communi-cations has grown in every relationship apart from household members, where the level has remained the same. Catalan use has increased among household members and neighbours but fallen in the oth-er categories -14 percentage points with work colleagues - while Spanish has grown in every category except work colleagues. Finally, the use of other languages or language combinations has increased in every category, especially among fellow students, where the increase is almost 16 percentage points.


Interpersonal language use.Val d’Aran. 2008-2013

100 %50 % 90 %40 % 80 %30 % 70 %20 % 60 %10 %0 %

Fellow students

2013

2013

2013

2013

2013

2008

2008

2008

2008

2008

Work colleagues

Friends

Neighbours

Household members

12.5 %

2.8 %

5.6 %3.2 %

7.3 % 4.6 % 46.9 % 16.0 %2.3 %2.6 % 6.2 % 9.4 % 3.3 %

5.3 %

11.3 % 5.5 % 29.7 % 3.6 % 5.1 % 10.8 % 14.8 % 6.4 % 12.7 %

8.7 %

18.2 % 4.7 % 42.2 % 4.5 % 6.5 % 8.3 % 5.7 % 3.9 % 4.5 %

12.1 %

16.0 % 10.3 % 39.6 % 5.8 % 4.9 % 12.9 % 6.5 %

21.7 %

20.5 %

46.1 %

3.9 % 30.7 %

4.2 % 38.5 %

9.6 % 40.8 %

7.2 %

30.3 %

7.0 %7.1 %

12.2 %

8.9 %

6.2 %7.7 %5.9 %

10.5 %

11.1 %

10.3 %

5.0 %

16.4 %

5.0 % 6.7 %

4.0 %

6.8 % 4.6 % 4.2 %

4.0 %4.0 %

4.0 %

23.2 % 3.7 %

19.6 %

14.8 % 3.1 %

23.1 %20.5 %

11.6 %

15.6 %

In Catalan only

In Aranese only

In Spanish and Aranese

Catalan and Aranese

In Spanish only

In Catalan, Spanish and Aranese

Catalan and Spanish



No information

{ {Note: Figures that do not appear are insignificant for statistical purposes.


Aranese Occitan is the vehicular language of teaching in Val d’Aran and is also a subject on the official curriculum to guarantee that children living in this region will learn the language. The University of Lleida offers a Degree in Catalan and Occitan Studies. In 2015, it was taught

to 30 students.The teaching of Aranese to adults in the Val d’Aran is the responsibility of the Conselh Generau

d’Aran, which performs this function with support from the Ministry of Culture.

• During the 2014-2015 academic year, the Conselh Generau d’Aran organized 5 courses at levels A, A1, B, C and D in Vielha; 1 course in Barcelona at level B, and 2 in Lleida at levels A and B, attended by a total of 91 people.

• The 2015-2016 courses organized by the Conselh Generau d’Aran featured 4 courses at levels A, A1, B and C in Vielha; 1 course in Barcelona at level C, and 3 in Lleida at levels A, A1 and B, with a total of 120 people enrolled.

• In 2015, 200 new students registered for the online Aranese course. Since 2010, there have been a total of 1,791 students.

Outside the region of Aran the following courses in Occitan for adults were offered:

• The Occitan-Catalan Brotherhood Centre (CAOC), with the support of the General Directo-rate for Language Policy, organized 7 courses on Occitan in Barcelona during the 2014-2015 academic year for which 85 people enrolled.

• As an awareness-raising initiative, the CAOC organized an Occitan Dictation event in Barcelona in which 101 people took part, 41 more than in 2014.

• The Òmnia de Lès office, which belongs to the Òmnia programme promoted by the Ministry of Social Welfare and Family, set up in 1999 to make access to information and communica-tion technologies (ICT) universally available, was responsible for drawing up the content in Aranese, Catalan and other languages.

Promoting knowledge of Aranese

101 participants in the

Occitan Dictation event in Barcelona

1,791 students have followed the

online

course in

Aranese since 2010

{ {{ {


Promotion in compulsory education

As part of the implementation of Act 35/2010, of 1 October 2010, on Occitan, Aranese in Aran, the Ministry of Education has taken the following actions:

• Preparation of educational materials and resources for teaching staff:

— Galí, the online method: offering material based on the JClic programme of education-al information, aimed at interactive teaching of Catalan and Occitan, especially recom-mended for newly-arrived students in Catalonia who have joined the educational system at a late stage.

— Euromania: a European programme for promoting an interest in languages and moving towards plurilingual reading competence in seven Romance languages: Catalan, Spanish, French, Occitan, Romanian, Italian and Portuguese.

— Creation of a website of educational resources in Occitan for teachers as part of the Cata-lan Educational Telematic Network (XTEC).

• Online introductory courses to the Occitan language and culture, organized from the 2015-2016 academic year onwards, in a context of European integration and contact with languag-es in the Romance continuum.

• Resources in Occitan for the students’ portal of the edu365.cat educational system.

Language Volunteering programmeLanguage Volunteering programme was extended to Val d’Aran in 2008, since when 68 language pairs in Aranese have been formed, five of them during 2015.

Occitan, included in a

European project within

the framework of Romance

languages

New introductory online

courses on Occitan language and culture{ {{ {


Occitan Film FestivalThe 8th Occitan Film Festival opened on 16 June in Lleida and closed on 2 December in Barcelona. 7 films were programmed in 34 Catalan and Aranese towns, with a total of 70 screening sessions.

In 2015 the Festival visited 34 towns: Arenys de Mar, Arenys de Munt, Aurinhac, Aush, Balaguer, Barcelona, Bordèu, Canet de Mar, Cassà de la Selva, Casteddu, El Pont de Suert, Foish, Girona, La Seu d’Urgell, Lès, Isla de Baish, Lleida, Masseuva, Montalban, Montlaur, Narbona, Ostana, Pàmi-as, Prada de Conflent, Premià de Mar, Reus, Sant Llorenç de Morunys, Tarragona, Tolosa, Tortosa, Tremp, Udin, Vielha and Vilagalhenc.

The Festival, organized by the General Directorate for Language Policy in collaboration with Catalan and Aranese institutions, cultural organizations and companies, offers a broad overview of Occitan language and culture through audiovisual creations.

One of the most notable films this year was the documentary Aqueth dia i auie ua nòça (2014), by Mireia Boya and Natàlia Lloreta. The film describes the invasion of Val d’Aran by the Maquis in October 1944, and is the first audiovisual document to provide direct testimony of this event.

Promotional activities by the Conselh Generau d’Aran (General Council of Aran)In 2015, the Conselh Generau d’Aran, as the autonomous governing body of Val d’Aran, either insti-gated or collaborated in a series of activities to disseminate the Aranese language and culture.

• Literary awards:

— Mn. Condò Sambeat Award (25th edition) aimed at children aged up to 17 years old, in the categories of narration and poetry.

— Aran Literature Awards for adults (14th edition), in the categories of prose, poetry and children’s stories.

• Actions to promote the use of Aranese by children and young people at school:

— School Theatre Festival in Aranese, with the participation of schools in Val d’Aran.

— Comics in Aranese competition.

— Publication of the story Ka qu’ei un cargòlh, by the Aranese writer Tòni Escala, in the col-lection entitled «Eth cargòlh».

— Agreement with the Teide publishing house to publish the books Tom Sawyer and Pinoc-chio in Aranese as part of the «School Library» collection, along with the corresponding educational guide.

— Creation of a working group of teachers from Aranese schools who have started a project of written stories aimed at children in P5 and the first year of primary school about the festivities held by the school during the year.

— Projects to create educational material for Aranese courses: a Level A handbook and brainstorming sessions to prepare material for Level D.

Fostering useof Aranese

The 8th Occitan Film Festival

was held in 34 locations

{ {


— Publication of primary, secondary and high school planners.

— Sponsorship of the children’s magazine Era Garbèra, published by Edicions Camacuc, SL.

— Translation into Aranese and publication of the natural sciences book for the first year of compulsory secondary education.

— Publication of the stories Era Caisha d’aluquets, by Kristina Nart, and Mim, by Cristina Ensenyat, by the Inmenta publishing house.

— Reprint of the Little Dictionary by Frederic Vergés.

The Conselh Generau d’Aran provides linguistic support, in the form of translations and proof-reading, for other administrations as well as organizations, companies and private individuals.

Llanterna Digital AwardsFor the 9th edition of the Llanterna Digital Awards, 29 short films were entered (4 more than in 2014); 18 in the category of primary and secondary schools, 2 in the university community category, and the other 9 in the open category.

The main new feature of the 2015 edition was the private sponsorship for three of the prizes, each of which took the name of the sponsoring company:

• Res Non Verba Award for best short film in the university community category.

• Segre Award for best short film in the open category for three-minute pieces.

• Plusfresc Award for best short film in the open category for works of up to 15 minutes.

The aim of the Llanterna Digital awards is to help foster the use of Catalan and Occitan through the making of short films that encourage people to think about the language situation in its broadest sense from any perspective.

The awards are organized by the Coordinator of Language Services in Lleida and members in-clude the General Directorate for Language Policy, the Consortium for Language Normalisation, the CNL of Lleida; the regional Education, Health and Justice services of the Generalitat of Catalonia; the Language Institute of the University of Lleida; the Escola Oficial d’Idiomes de Lleida (Official Language Academy of Lledia) and the Language Service of the Workers’ Commission trade union (CCOO).

Institute of Aranese StudiesOn 9 July, at the head office of the Conselh Generau d’Aran in Vielha, the formal intake ceremony was held for members of the The Institute of Aranese Studies (IEA), who were presented at a public ceremony on 10 July in Arties. In accordance with Decree 12/2014, of 21 January 2014, this academic body is the linguistic authority on Occitan Aranese.

Three of the

Llanterna Digital awards

received private sponsorship

{ {


The Institute of Aranese Studies (IEA) carries out high-level research on Aranese and establishes its regulatory criteria in accordance with the principles of Loís Alibèrt’s Occitan Grammar and the orthographic rules of Aranese as an integral part of the Occitan linguistic and cultural space. It will also collaborate with academic, research and cultural organizations recognized by public institutions in the Occitan area on establishing the linguistic guidelines for the Occitan language as a whole.

During the event held on 10 July in Arties, there was also a homage to Pèire Bec, one of the cul-tural benchmarks of modern Occitanism. Born in Paris in 1921, shortly before his death on 30 June 2014, Bec accepted membership of the Institute of Aranese Studies. An eminent figure in Occitan studies during the 20th century, in 2010 he was honoured with the first Robèrt Lafont Award, which was instigated by the Generalitat as a biannual award to recognize individuals or organizations that work in support of the Occitan language.

Aranese in the mediaThe Catalan Audiovisual Media Corporation has broadcast 1,931 hours and 7 minutes of live content in Aranese this year (on both TV and radio). Taking into account digital on-demand consumption, across all its media the Corporation offered more than 3,862 hours of broadcasting in Aranese in 2015.

With regard to specific programming, the Corporation slots in Aranese were as follows:

Televisió de Catalunya:

• During 2015, Channel 3/24 broadcast a 15-minute news programme in Aranese from Mon-day to Friday through to 2 November. From that date onwards, the programme was extended to between 20 and 23 minutes. The programme features the main news headlines in Catalo-nia and the world and includes a sports section. It is broadcast across the whole of Catalonia.

• News programmes in Aranese are rounded off with a Friday edition of the TN Comarques slot specifically for Val d’Aran lasting around eight minutes.

Catalunya Ràdio:

• Morning news between 08.00 and 08.30 from Monday to Friday except in summer.

• Aran, meddia aranés. Broadcast every day of the week between 12:00 and 13:00 and repeated between 19:00 and 20:00 (except in summer).

• Special broadcasts for Val d’Aran on parliamentary issues that particularly affect the region were also transmitted. Other live broadcasts were also transmitted.

Digital media:

On the website http://www.ccma.cat/aranes/, users can access content related to Val d’Aran either produced in or dubbed into Aranese Occitan: the news round-up on Channel 3/24, the broadcast of the TN comarques slot for Val d’Aran, the news programmes of Catalunya Informació and the videos of programmes that TVC has broadcast in Aranese, such as the documentary series «The Pyrenees From the Air» and the children’s series «Una mà de contes» (A handful of stories).

The IEA is the official academy

for Aranese Occitan{ {

A homage to

Pèire Bec, one of the

cultural giants of

modern

Occitanism

{ {Since November,

news programmes in Aranese have been

extended on

Channel 3/24{ {


Aranese Occitan in the DOGCIn relation to the publication in Aranese Occitan in the Official Gazette of the Catalan Government, in 2015 some 148 documents were published, exceeding previous years:

Aranese in the Catalan ParliamentIn accordance with Article 7 of Act 35/2010 on Occitan, Aranese in Aran, the laws passed by the Par-liament of Catalonia are published in Occitan. Other regulations (rulings, motions, etc.) and texts adopted by Parliament are published in Aranese when they apply specifically to Val d’Aran. This process represents an important step forward in establishing a body of legal language in Occitan.

In 2015 the following were translated into Aranese:

• 7 laws from 2014.

• 25 laws from 2015.

• 1 ruling.

• 5 legal/administrative documents.

Catalan-Occitan-Aranese-Spanish machine translation serviceThe Catalan-Occitan-Catalan and Spanish-Occitan-Spanish machine translation service is now available on the website of the Generalitat and can be used for online text translations. The service can also be added to websites as a translation button.

During 2015, 12,560,787 words were translated in to Aranese, almost three million more than in 2014, when 9,623,725 words were translated. There were 222,815 requests made for this service.

DOGC 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Documents 127 97 92 95 144 148


direction number of translation of words translated

Catalan > Occitan 3,229,463

Occitan > Catalan 813,352

Catalan > Aranese 1,381,913

Aranese > Catalan 292,288

Spanish > Occitan 4,915,046

Occitan > Spanish 810,099

Spanish > Aranese 417,504

Aranese > Spanish 701,122

TOTAL 12,560,787

Growth in the publication of

documents in Aranese

in the DOGC and the Official Gazette

of the Parliament of Catalonia

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The legal framework

During 2015 there were some new regulations that either directly or indirectly affect Catalan, Occitan and Catalan sign language. These are presented below along with any matters pending

resolution, development or implementation.

With the rank of official law

Act 1/2015, of 5 February 2015, on the special status of Aran

See remarks in the section on Occitan in Aran.

Act 17/2015, of 21 July 2015, on effective equality between men and women

This Act includes certain provisions on linguistic aspects. The preamble explains that in order to ensure effective equality between men and women, all forms of discrimination must be avoided, including language-related. The articles of this law also regulate various provisions on guaranteeing the use of non-sexist and non-androcentric language.

Other provisions

Order CLT/49/2015, of 24 February 2015, convening the LSC Award for the Promotion of Catalan Sign Language

The aim is to promote Catalan sign language in accordance with the provisions of Act 17/2010, of 3 June 2010, on Catalan Sign Language. The Order establishes the Award, with three categories and held every two years, to recognize and distinguish the individuals, organizations or initiatives that have stood out in their promotion or defence of Catalan sign language.

Ruling GRI/636/2015, of 6 March 2015, publicizing the agreement of the Subcommission for Regulatory Monitoring, Prevention and Conflict Resolution of the Bilateral Generalitat-State Commission in relation to the Decree-Law of Catalonia 8/2014, of 23 December 2014, establishing the Registry of Sworn Translators and Interpreters to work with the judicial bodies based in Catalonia.

The Agreement adopted by this Subcommission on 24 February 2015 enshrined the determination to start negotiations to resolve discrepancies of authority arising from the Decree-Law.

Regulationsissued in 2015

Catalan legislation


Decree 119/2015, of 23 June 2015, on the regulation of primary school education

This Decree enforces the Education Act 12/2009, of 10 July 2009, in the relevant educational area. The articles of the Decree set forth the provisions concerning the status of the Catalan language, the system of two official languages, and the option in favour of a plurilingual educational programme.

Decree 187/2015, of 25 August 2015, regulating compulsory secondary education

The preamble specifically recalls that the Education Act 12/2009, of 10 July 2009, establishes Catalan as a native language of Catalonia and the language normally used as the vehicular language in the educational system, and also reiterates that the Act determines the linguistic regime of schools in Aran. The articles set forth the provisions concerning the status of the Catalan language, the system of two official languages, and the option in favour of a plurilingual educational programme.

Act 1/2015, of 24 March, regulating the National Library of Spain This Act establishes that the National Library should contribute to the promotion and dissemina-tion of the Spanish State’s multilingual heritage. With this objective, it establishes that the use of the different official languages should be promoted in the material published by this body, and also in the information on the works it offers to visitors. It adds that special attention should be given to publishing material in electronic formats in the languages deemed co-official .

Act 10/2015, of 26 May 2015, concerning the protection of intangible cultural heritage

This identifies language as an asset of intangible heritage for the purposes of the Act and refers, in-ter alia, to the conclusions of the Intergovernmental Conference on Cultural Policies organized by UNESCO in Mexico in 1982.

Act 12/2015, of 24 June 2015, concerning the concession of Spanish nationality to Sephardic Jews originating from Spain

In the case of regulating the concession of Spanish nationality through naturalization, a basic test of Spanish knowledge is required which it calls the Spanish language.

Act 19/2015, of 13 July 2015, on administrative reform measures in the field of the Justice Administration and the Civil Registry

The seventh final provision regulates the «procedure for obtaining Spanish nationality through a res-idence permit». The third section envisages a basic Spanish test, which it calls the Spanish language.

Act 24/2015, of 24 July 2015, on patents

This Act will go into effect on 1 April 2017 and continues to establish the mandatory use of Spanish, as the current Patent Law does.

State legislation


Royal Legislative Decree 1/2015, of 24 July 2015, approving the revised text of the law on guaranteeing the rational use of medicines and medical devices

As in numerous other State provisions, it establishes the use of Spanish in general and in some cases Catalan and the other official languages.

Royal Legislative Decree 2/2015, of 23 October 2015, approving the revised text of the Workers’ Statute

As a revised text, it maintains the same prohibitions on discrimination for reasons -amongst others- of language as per the previous texts.

Royal Legislative Decree 3/2015, of 23 October 2015, approving the revised text of the Employment Law

This prohibits discrimination for reasons of language, amongst others.

Royal Decree 949/2015, of 23 October 2015, approving the Regulation for the National Register of Associations

This establishes the mandatory use of Spanish in the Register.

Royal Legislative Decree 6/2015, of 30 October 2015, approving the revised text of the Law on traffic, motor vehicle traffic and road safety

This reiterates the obligatory use of Spanish in the same way as Article 56 of Royal Legislative Decree 339/1990, of 2 March 1990, which approved the text articulated in the Law on traffic, motor vehicles and road safety. It also states that driving licenses and permits can be bilingual.

Royal Decree 1058/2015, of 20 November 2015, regulating the general characteristics of the final examinations of primary education, established by Organic Law 2/2006, of 3 May 2006, on education.

As indicated by the Consell de Garanties Estatutàries (Council of Statutory Guarantees), the Royal Decree also infringes the Generalitat’s powers in certain linguistic aspects, such as giving parents or legal guardians the right to make a choice of the official language in which the examinations at the end of primary education are held.

Royal Decree 1084/2015, of 4 December 2015, enacting Act 55/2007, of 28 December 2007, on Cinema

Even though it envisages the promotion of native languages other than Spanish, it imposes the trans-lation into this language in certain articles.


Rulings of the Presidency of the Higher Sport Council, which reports to the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport, agreeing to publish the statutes or amendments of statutes of various Spanish federations

All of them make language provisions that are mainly designed to impose the Spanish language as a minimum in the issue of regional federal sports licenses.

Administrative lawsLaw 39/2015, of 1 October 2015, on the common administrative procedure of public administrations

This Law will go into effect within one year and reflects the same regulations in terms of the linguistic regime as the current Law 30/1992, of 26 November 1992, on the legal system of public administra-tions and their common administrative procedure.

Royal Legislative Decree 5/2015, of 30 October 2015, approving the revised Law on the Basic Statute of Public Employees

The opportunity has not been taken to improve the wording of the provision for the requirement of knowledge of an official language other than Spanish in the region where public service employees have been assigned.

Royal Decree 814/2015, of 11 September 2015, approving the Regulation on special procedures for reviewing the contractual and organizational decisions of the Central Administrative Tribunal of Contractual Appeals

This makes it compulsory to use Spanish in the procedures it regulates.

The Justice AdministrationOrganic Law 5/2015, of 27 April 2015, amending the Criminal Procedure Act, and Organic Law 6/1985, of 1 July 1985, on Judicial Power

This merely transposes Directive 2010/64/EU, of 20 October 2010, concerning the right to an interpreter or translator in criminal proceedings, and Directive 2012/13/EU, of 22 May 2012, concerning the right to information in criminal proceedings, without taking the opportunity to comply with the recommenda-tions of the Council of Europe and other recurrent requests for the knowledge and use of official languages other than Spanish in the judicial sphere. Neither these laws nor Organic Law 13/2015, of 5 October 2015, amending the Criminal Procedure Act to strengthen the procedural guarantees and regulate the measures of forensic investigation, or Law 29/2015, of 30 July 2015, on international legal cooperation on civil matters, guarantee that translators will be familiar with official languages other than Spanish.

Despite making some references to language, Organic Law 15/2015, of 16 October 2015, reform-ing Organic Law 2/1979, of 3 October 1979, on the Constitutional Court, does not explain any right to use these languages in the Constitutional Court, although the correct interpretation of the law would at least allow this matter to be addressed.


Council of Europe – European Charter on Regional and Minority Languages The Commission of Experts of the Council of Europe issued, on 20 March 2015, its fourth report on compliance by the Spanish State with the European Charter for Regional and Minority Languages. We should remember that in this cycle of monitoring the implementation of the Charter, with a view to preparing the Spanish report, the Ministry of Culture sent the Spanish Government the «Fourth periodic report on compliance with the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages of the Council of Europe in Catalonia», corresponding to the 2010-2012 period. This document, which for the first time the Generalitat also sent to the Commission of Experts of the European Council, detailed the following aspects:

• Updated information on the current situation and the knowledge and use of the Catalan and Occitan languages.

• Explanation of the language policy of the Generalitat.

• Information on new laws.

• A complaint about the obstacles being placed in the path of the implementation of the Euro-pean Charter.

In the fourth final report that the State sent to the Council of Europe, it systematically and entirely omitted, as it has on previous occasions, information on the adversity of the State language policy towards the Catalan language in Catalonia and other regions in which Catalan is spoken, which also affects Occitan. Likewise, the General Directorate for Language Policy drew up a document, which can be referred to online, entitled Greuges contra la llengua catalana 2010–2013 (Offences Against the Catalan Language), based on data provided by the General Directorate itself for the IV Spanish Report to follow up on the implementation of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages.

On 20 March 2015, after visiting Catalonia and other areas to get a better understanding of the linguistic situation to be assessed, the Commission of Experts of the Council of Europe issued their report, which reiterated the Spanish State’s failure to comply with the recommendations set forth in earlier reports. It noted the passive attitude of the Spanish State, although there was no increase in the corrective tone.

Meanwhile, many of the criticisms are targeted at the Aranese, Valencian and Balearic govern-ments, perhaps with a slightly stronger tone or at least more insistent than in previous reports. Even the government of Murcia can be included with reference to Carche.

With regard to Aragon, the Commission of Experts called for the recognition of Catalan and Aragonese by their names.

Europe


Of the court rulings issued in 2015 that affect the regulatory corpus in the legal sphere of the Catalan language, the following are worth highlighting:

Requirement to implement Spanish for 25 % of teaching

Supreme Court Ruling (TS) of 23 April 2015 and Ruling of the TS of 28 April 2015In these rulings, the TS ratified the decision adopted by the Supreme Court of Justice of Catalonia (TSJC), within the framework of operational procedures, to replace the Education Authority and oblige the schools affected to devote 25 % of school time to teaching the courses and classes of the claimant’s child in Spanish, specifying that this percentage must be applied as a minimum to one other core subject other than Spanish language classes.

Regulations on local use in public authorities and associated agenciesTwo rulings by the TS on 5 May 2015 put an end to the legal proceedings against the regulations for language use of the provincial councils of Girona and Lleida. The TS upheld the previous rulings of the TSJC of 6 March 2013, which accepts the legitimacy of the claimant, Convivencia Cívica Catala-na (Catalan Civic Coexistence), in respect of the provisions of a general nature that affect citizens. In addition, the TS upheld the repeal of the articles of the regulations that cover the preference of the Catalan language in administrative matters, and ratified that the right to choose the language cannot be subject to formalities; for example, it must be accepted that if the document is submitted by a citizen in Spanish, the Administration must assume that the language choice has been made and reply accordingly. The rulings thus restrict the self-organization capacity of the Administration to establish official language use based on an equally restrictive interpretation of case law deriving from the STC ruling of 31/2010.

Effects of the official nature of Catalan in calculating timescales

Interlocutory ruling of the Constitutional Court (TC) 70/2015, of 14 April 2015. Dispute in support of local autonomy. Lawsuit The interest of this interlocutory ruling lies in the fact that the TC considers that the calculation of the timescale for lodging a dispute in defence of local autonomy starts from the moment the or-ganization wishing to lodge the dispute receives, in any official language, the mandatory ruling of the consultative body necessary for lodging the appeal. The fact that the organization receives the document in Catalan makes it effective even if, at a later stage, the Spanish version of the ruling has to be submitted to the TC.

Judicial activities


In 2015, a number of unconstitutionality appeals lodged against Catalan laws governing major lin-guistic prerogatives continue to have actions pending in court.

Occitan, Aranese in Aran, ActAct 35/2010, of 1 October 2010, on Occitan, Aranese in Aran, challenged before the Constitutional Court in 2011, is still awaiting a ruling.

One of the most noteworthy features in terms of language in the Statute of Autonomy of 2006 is the declaration of Occitan, Aranese in Aran, as an official language in the whole of Catalonia. The Statute refers for future legislation the scope and content of this official status, aspects which were established with the approval of Act 35/2010.

An interlocutory ruling of the Constitutional Court on 14 December 2011 agreed to uphold the suspension of Articles 2.3, 5.4, 7 and 6.5 with regard to the preferential use of Occitan, Aranese in Aran.

Education Act Act 12/2009, of 10 July 2009 on Education, enacts the linguistic system deriving from the Statute which, in Article 143.1, establishes that the Generalitat enjoys exclusive competences over Catalonia’s own language.

Also in 2009, an appeal was made to the Constitutional Court against the Act, on the grounds of unconstitutionality by a group of more than 50 MPs from the Popular Party in the Spanish Parliament’s Chamber of Deputies. The articles challenged that govern the linguistic system in education were essentially those that determine the curriculum for the teaching of languages (Art. 9.2), the person-alized reception of newly-arrived students in Catalan (Art. 10.2), the linguistic system of schools in Aran (Art. 17), teacher training (Art. 109) and knowledge of Catalan in order to obtain a civil service teaching post (Art. 119). A ruling on the abovementioned appeal has not yet been issued in 2015.

Catalan Consumer Code ActAct 22/2010, of 20 July 2010, on the Consumer Code of Catalonia, devotes Articles 121-2 and 128-1 to the language rights of consumers; Article 211-5 addresses the language requirements for consumer relations, and Article 331-6 refers to infringements of language rights. The new legal text increases the capacity of the Generalitat’s Administration to fulfil its supervisory role and consequently its powers to impose sanctions and discipline on the marketplace. Two unconstitutionality appeals were lodged against this Act for which no ruling has yet been made in 2015:

• Unconstitutionality appeal no. 7611-2010, lodged by the Partit Popular (People’s Party) Parlia-mentary Group before the Constitutional Court and admitted for processing on 3 November 2010. The articles challenged refer to the language in which consumers are addressed verbally and in writing and the language of documentation and information required for the appro-priate consumption and use of goods and services intended for consumers.

Open litigation.Constitutional challenges


• Unconstitutionality appeal no. 7418-2010, lodged by the Ombudsman against Article 128-1 of the Act, regarding the language rights of consumers. This appeal was admitted for processing on 3 November 2010.

The Film ActThe Film Act 20/2010, of 7 July 2010, establishes the regulatory framework governing the film and audiovisual industry with regard, amongst other aspects, to the production, distribution, marketing and exhibition of cinematic and audiovisual works; to aspects concerning the promotion, preservation and dissemination of cinematographic heritage; and to support for the supply of cinematic works, whether original, dubbed or subtitled, in Catalan.

In order to effectively guarantee the Catalan public’s right to language choice in this area, the Act establishes, in general, that whenever a feature film is premiered in Catalonia, whether dubbed or subtitled, the distributors shall be obliged to release 50 % of all copies in a Catalan language version and must also respect this language balance in all the publicity for these films. In 2010, an uncon-stitutionality appeal, no. 7454-2010, was lodged against the Act by the People’s Party and admitted for processing by the Constitutional Court on 3 November 2010. The articles contested were those referring to the obligation upon film distributors and exhibitors to distribute and screen, respective-ly, 50 % of the analogue copies of films in a Catalan language version, and also to the obligation to provide Catalan language access to digital copies. Finally, it also contested the articles regulating the disciplinary action.

No ruling has yet been handed down in 2015 on this appeal. It is also worth remembering the ruling issued in 2012 by the European Commission on the discriminatory nature of Article 18 of the Act. In 2015 no ruling has yet been handed down so for the time being there are no changes to the Catalan law.

Act on the reception of immigrants and those returning to CataloniaAct 10/2010, of 7 May 2010, on the reception of immigrants and returnees to Catalonia, reflects the idea that reception is not just a process of full integration but the initial stage of a process that lasts several years. In this respect, the aim is not to list all the rights in every field (education, health, lan-guage teaching and learning, employment, etc.) but rather to regulate the inherent sectorial right in this particular instance: the right to receive a reception service, including language teaching. Sub-sections 2, 4 and 5 of Article 9, which contain language provisions, were challenged in 2010 by the Ombudsman before the Constitutional Court. These subsections of article 9 essentially refer to Cat-alan as the common and vehicular language of reception, in accordance with its status as an official native language.

No ruling has yet been handed down in 2015 on this appeal.


Rights, duties and principles governing public policy in the field of language with regard to public authorities and associated national agenciesWith regard to constitutional and jurisdictional bodies at State level, Article 33.5 of the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia introduces the generic right to the use of Catalan before constitutional and jurisdictional bodies with competences throughout the State. However, the effective enforcement of this principle depends on the introduction of the necessary changes to State regulations, such as the Regulations of the Congress, the Organic Law of the Constitutional Court, procedural laws, etc. There have been no new legislative developments in this respect in 2015.

International profile. Limited official use of languagesFollowing a process of negotiation among the twenty-five member states, on 13 June 2005 the Council of Ministers of the European Union agreed a set of conclusions covering the possibility of limited official use, at EU institutions and bodies, of languages which do not have the status of official and/or working languages of European institutions. In accordance with the conclusions of the European Council, the Spanish government and any other member states may request the establishment of administrative agreements with the different institutions and bodies of the EU.

There continue to be difficulties in fulfilling the administrative agreements reached to date with the various bodies (Council, Commission, Commission of the Regions, etc.) that should allow, as a general rule, the publication in Catalan of the acts adopted by the joint decisions of the European Parliament and Council, the oral interventions in the Council’s sessions and, where applicable, other bodies and institutions of the European Union, and finally, written relations between Spanish citizens who wish to do so in Catalan and the bodies and institutions of the EU.

Regulations on local use in public authorities and associated agenciesArticle 9.3 of Language Policy Act 1/1998, of 7 January 1998, establishes that local authorities and universities must regulate the use of Catalan within the sphere of their competences through the approval of regulations which comply with the instructions and principles of this Act. In this respect, there are some local bodies that have still not drawn up their regulations.

Pending regulations

State

Europe

Catalonia


Place names

During 2015, the town of Benassal (Alt Maestrat) officially adopted its name in Valencian, while another town, Alqueries (Plana Baixa), chose a bilingual name in both Valencian and Spanish (Alqueries/Alquerías del Niño Perdido).

Signs of identity

Act 6/2015, of 2 April 2015, on the recognition, protection and promotion of the signs of identity of the Valencian people, the last law passed by the previous Valencian legislature, refutes the unity of the language and states that the «Valencian language» is different from any other language and exclusive to the Valencian people. The Act does not recognise the linguistic authority established by Statute, the Valencian Academy of the Language, which was not consulted when it was drafted. The legal text determines that the language must be understood not in accordance with its current regulations and literature but in accordance with its uses and popular or historic traditions. The regulation sets up a supervisory body to ensure the language as conceived above is respected, recognises the teaching of the language by entities that adopt its criteria, and threatens to withdraw subsidies from institutions or individuals who do not respect the «signs of identity» in accordance with its provisions.

The media

In 2013, the Valencian Courts passed an Act to close down the Valencian television station Radio-televisió Valenciana. Indeed, this Law entailed the complete disappearance of public broadcasting in Valencian on both the radio and the television. Act 5/2015, of 2 April 2015, on the Public Service of Radiotelevisió Valenciana, was processed as a popular legislative initiative with the support of a large number of celebrities from the world of culture, universities, the media, associations, etc. and aims to recover publicly-owned and managed audiovisual media, both in Valencian and plurilin-gual. The regulation enshrines the right of the Valencian people to receive and send information in their own language, which was not previously expressed explicitly. However, the initiative was undermined during the parliamentary process in that initially its content implied setting up an in-dependent, publicly-owned television and radio station broadcasting exclusively in Valencian. In accordance with the final wording of the law, the creation of audiovisual media will depend on the economic situation and may not be exclusively in Valencian. With Valencian Act 12/2015, of 29 De-cember 2015, to recover the independent public radio and television broadcasting service owned by the Generalitat, the aim is to resume broadcast in Catalan.

Other Catalan-speaking regions: regulatory changes

Region of Valencia


In the second half of 2015, Balearic Islands institutions undertook some important actions in support of language normalization, such as withdrawing the appeal lodged by the Balearic Islands against Ruling No. 443/2014 of the Administrative Litigation Chamber of the Supreme Court of Justice of the Balearic Islands, which declared null and void Decree 15/2013, of 19 April 2013, regulating the inte-grated treatment of languages at non-university educational centres in the Balearic Islands (3 July 2015); the recovery of the University’s linguistic model by the public radio and television stations of the Balearic Islands (IB3) (16 September); the overturning of Law 9/2013, of 23 December 2013, on the use of institutional symbols of the Balearic Islands (6 October); the resumption of broadcast-ing of TV channels 3/24 and Super 3/33 (18 December), and the parliamentary announcement (12 November) that it would amend Article 30 of Law 7/2014, of 23 July 2014, on the protection of con-sumers and users in the Balearic Islands in respect of the language used for informative purposes.

Ramon Llull Institute

Decree 93/2015, of 20 November 2015, creates the Government Representative of the Balearic Is-lands for the Ramon Llull Institute. In 2012, the Balearic Islands Government decided to withdraw from the Ramon Llull Institute consortium. This Representative is responsible for the promotion of the unique culture and language of the Balearic Islands abroad, amongst other functions. In view of the functions it is tasked with, the Representative forms part of the structure of the Ministry of Participation, Transparency and Culture, whose directives govern its functions, in coordination with the General Directorate for Culture and the management of the Balearic Studies Institute.

General Directorate for Language Policy of the Government of Aragon

The new Government of Aragon resulting from the 2015 elections has created, for the first time, a General Directorate for Language Policy within its Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport. It was created by Decree 108/2015, of 7 July 2015, of the Government of Aragon, which sets forth the basic organic structure of the Administration of the Autonomous Community of Aragon.

Balearic Islands

Aragon


Act 1/2015, of 5 February 2015, on the special status of Aran

This Law provides Aran with general protection as a national reality with its own unique personality and strengthens its historic tradition of self-government. The fact that this reality is based on its own language and culture, which are common to and shared with the rest of the Occitan region, means that the Act complements the linguistic provisions of Act 35/2010, of 1 October 2010, on Occitan, Aranese in Aran. This regulation encompasses both linguistic rights and usage and competence in language matters. It also envisages that the Institut d’Estudis Aranesi (Institute of Aranese Studies) should complete its name with the words Acadèmia Aranesa de la Llengua Occitana (Aranese Acad-emy of the Occitan Language).

The explanatory memorandum states that Occitan, in its Aranese variant, is the language of Aran and one of the cornerstones and fundamental traits of the Aranese identity. The preamble notes that the emotional bond between the Aranese people and their language, and their deter-mination to use it, have enabled it to survive to the present day, and have made it one of the most valued elements of the cultural heritage of Aran, which the people and institutions of Catalonia also recognise and value as their own.

Accordingly, the article sets out the mandates for the institutional use and protection of the of-ficial language of the region in every sphere. The provisions of Articles 8 and 9 are particularly worth noting. Article 8, entitled «Native language», states that Aranese, the name given to the indigenous variety of the Occitan language in Aran, is the native language of this region and, as such: a) It is the language of normal and preferential use of the public administrations in Aran; b) It is the language of normal use by the public media in all its formats, especially those of the Catalan Audiovisual Me-dia Corporation, local organizations and their associations in the region of Aran; c) It is the language normally used as the vehicular language for teaching in schools in Aran. The precept adds that the Generalitat, through its language policies, and the Conselh Generau d'Aran, within the framework of its competences, should coordinate their actions in relation to the language and promote the use of the native language of Aran in the areas in which its normalization is particularly complicated, such as the Justice Administration. The Article concludes by specifying that the Occitan language is an official language of Catalonia and must be protected in every sphere and sector in accordance with applicable law. It finishes with a mandate to public authorities on their duty to foster its use, promotion, dissemination, knowledge and official usage.

Following a warning from the Spanish State about its possible challenge to the preferential nature of the Occitan language in certain spheres, the General Directorate for Language Policy took part in negotiations to avoid any such challenge to this provision of the Act on language matters. In the end, the State did not challenge the Act, nor did the language regulation appear in the interpre-tative criteria of the agreement, thus avoiding its challenge. Consequently, the language regulation has remained intact.

Occitan in Aran

cat • Language volunteering • Language policies • Organisations • International profile • Fostering use • Language Immersion • Community education plans • Optimot • Fostering use • Courses • Use of Catalan • Courses • parla.cat • Language volunteering • Language policies • Organisations • International profile • Fostering use •Language Immersion • Community education plans • Optimot • Fostering use • Courses • Use of Catalan • parla.cat • Language volunteering • Language policies •Organisations • International profile • Fostering use • Language Immersion • Optimot •Community education plans • Fostering use • Courses • Catalan • Courses • parla.cat •Language volunteering • Language policies • Organisations • Fostering use • Community education plans • Optimot • Fostering use • Courses • Use of Catalan • Courses • parla.cat • Language volunteering •Language policies • Organisations • International profile • Fostering use • Language Immersion • Community education plans • Optimot •Fostering use • Courses • Use of Catalan • parla.cat • Lan-guage volunteering • Language policies • Organisations • Fostering use • Language Immersion • Community education plans • Optimot • Fostering use • Courses • cat • Language volunteering • Language policies • Organisations • Interna-tional profile • Fostering use • Language Immersion • Community education plans • Optimot • Fostering use • Courses • Use of Catalan • Courses • parla.cat • Language volunteering • Language policies • Organisations • International profile • Fostering use •Language Immersion • Community education plans •Optimot • Fostering use • Courses • Use of Catalan • parla.cat • Language volunteering • Language policies •Organisations • International profile • Fostering use • Language Immersion • Optimot •Community education plans • Fostering use • Courses • Catalan • Courses • parla.cat •Language volunteering • Language policies • Organisations • Fostering use • Community education plans • Optimot • Fostering use • Courses • Use of Catalan • Courses • parla.cat • Language volunteering •Language policies • Organisations • Interna-tional profile • Fostering use • Language Immersion • Community education plans • Optimot •Fostering use • Courses • Use of Catalan • parla.cat • Language volunteering • Language policies • Organisations • Fostering use • Language Immersion • Community education plans • Optimot • Fostering use • Courses • cat • Language volunteering • Language policies • Organisations • International profile • Fostering use • Language Immersion • Community education plans • Optimot • Fostering use • Courses • Use of Catalan • Courses • parla.cat • Language volunteering • Language policies • Organisations • International profile • Fostering use •Language Immersion • Community education plans •Optimot • Fostering use • Courses • Use of Catalan • parla.cat • Language volunteering • Language policies •Organisations • Inter-national profile • Fostering use • Language Immersion • Optimot •Community education plans • Fostering use • Courses • Catalan • Courses • parla.cat •Language volunteering • Language policies • Organisations • Fostering use • Community education plans • Optimot • Fostering use • Courses • Use of Catalan • Courses • parla.cat • Language volunteering •Language policies • Organisations • International profile • Fostering use • Language Immersion • Community educa-tion plans • Optimot •Fostering use • Courses • Use of Catalan • parla.cat • Language volunteering • Language policies • Organisations • Fostering use • Language Immersion • Community education plans • Optimot • Fostering use • Courses • cat • Language volunteering • Language policies • Organisations • International profile • Fostering use • Language Immersion • Community education plans • Optimot • Fostering use • Courses • Use of Catalan • Courses • parla.cat • Language volunteering • Language policies • Organisations • International profile • Fostering use •Language Immersion • Community education plans •Optimot • Fostering use • Courses • Use of Catalan • parla.cat • Language Volunteering

Annexes

Language Policy Report

2015


This chapter includes the expenditure earmarked by the Government of the Generalitat during 2015 for language policy actions in every sphere.The budget that the Generalitat allocated for 2015 to the General Directorate for Language Policy,

not including the expenses under Chapter 1 (for staffing), was €23,664,373.21. The difference between the approved and executed budget can be explained by additional contributions and transfers.

The following table shows the evolution over the last eleven years of the approved and imple-mented budget of the General Directorate for Language Policy, not including the first chapter and additional infrastructure expenses.

Budget

annexes

Evolution of the budget of the General Directorate for Language Policy

2005 €21,715,063 23.96 % €22,979,929

2006 €27,030,240 24.47 % €31,402,520

2007 €27,841,147 2.99 % €29,925,870

2008 €28,397,970 2.00 % €30,995,183

2009 €27,731,698 -2.34 % €28,808,672

2010 €30,711,446 10.74 % €31,760,162

2011 €28,262,310 -7.97 % €27,943,889

2012 €28,398,064 0.48 % €23,033,630

2013 €27,648,064 -2.64 % €23,172,618

2014 €23,614,520 -14.59 % €22,911,153

2015 €23,664,373 0.21 % €24,567,856

year budget approved

increase compared to

last year

budget executed


annexes The budget of the other Generalitat ministries allocated to initiatives to promote the use of Catalan in their respective spheres amounted to €33,015,476.16.

The total amount earmarked by the Generalitat for language policy actions in 2015 came to €81,456,788.68.

The Generalitat’s budget for 2015 for increasing the social use and knowledge of the Catalan language is itemized in the table to the right by Ministries.

Ministry of Culture. General Directorate for Language PolicyThe budget of the General Directorate for Language Policy includes financing for the Consortium for Language Normalisation and the TERMCAT Consortium.

ministry budget

Culture (DGPL + other units) €48,441,312.62

Presidency €7,547,720.01

Economy and Knowledge €3,026,835.04

Governance and Institutional Relations €52,881.07

Health €70,009.08

Social Welfare and Family €1,694,189.79

Education €18,910,054.00

Business and Labour €300,000.00

Justice €1,413,787.07

TOTAL €81,456,788.68

Provision for the Consortium for Language Normalisation to cover operating expenses

(training, consultancy and development) €16,863,327.12

Provision for the TERMCAT Terminology Centre to assist with operational expenses €1,327,307.63

Provision for the operating expenses of the Ramón Llull Institute €206,562.06

Provision for the Institut d’Estudis Catalans to fund its operational expenses in the Philology Section €906,217.87

Provision for the Conselh Generau d’Aran to implement Act 35/2010, of 1 October 2010, on Occitan, Aranese in Aran €60,000.00


annexes Subsidies and grants to promote the knowledge and use of the Catalan language

It is worth noting that as from 2013, all subsidies, whether from the public purse or from collaboration agreements, have been processed through the Office for the Support of Cultural Initiatives (OSIC).

2015 funding round for subsidies for initiatives intended to promote the use of the Catalan language in Catalonia. Non-profit organisations. €350,000.00

2015 funding round for subsidies for enterprise initiatives intended to promote the use of Catalan in Catalonia €200,000.00

2015 funding round for subsidies for initiatives intended to increase commercial premieres of feature films dubbed or subtitled in Catalan €1,939,773.00

2015 funding round for initiatives aimed at adding dubbing or subtitling in Catalan to feature films in media formats after their premiere in cinemas €500,000.00

2013-2015 agreement with the Language Platform – Esbarzer Collective to undertake activities aimed at extending the social use of the Catalan language in every sphere and in every Catalan-speaking region. Agreement funded by means of contributions from other departments. 2015 €650,000.00

PRESIDENTIAL €124,000.00

GOVERNANCE AND INSTITUTIONAL RELATIONS €120,000.00

EDUCATION €30,000.00

CULTURE (DGPL) €135,000.00

SOCIAL WELFARE AND FAMILY €97,000.00

BUSINESS AND LABOUR €124,000.00

JUSTICE €20,000.00

2015 collaboration agreement with the Coordinator of Festivals and Film and Video of Catalonia to increase the presence of Catalan and to disseminate and promote subtitling in Catalan at film and video festivals in Catalonia €110,000.00

2015 collaboration agreement with DTS, Distribuïdora de Televisión Digital, SA, to subtitle premieres of fiction series in Catalan on Canal+ €85,000.00

2015 collaboration agreement with Raig d’Idees i Propostes Visuals, SL, to subtitle the films shown by Texas Cinemas in Catalan €50,000.00

Specific collaboration agreement between the Consell dels Il·lustres Col·legis d’Advocats de Catalunya (Lawyers' Association of Catalonia) to carry out activities to promote the use of Catalan in the field of law. €32,000.00

Subsidy for the Occitan-Catalan Brotherhood Centre (CAOC) for the project covering activities to foster the use of the Occitan Ianguage in Catalonia €19,500.00

Subsidy for Ómnium Catalunya Nord to disseminate and promote Catalan courses for adults in North Catalonia in 2015 €6,000.00

Subsidy for the International Association for the Dissemination of Chess to fund the preparation of various materials for the «Escacs per a tothom» (Chess for All) project in 2015 €4,655.00


Contributions from the General Directorate for Language Policy to projects managed by other departments in the Generalitat

Ministry of CultureThe Ministry of Culture’s budget includes activities to promote the Institució de les Lletres Catalanes (Institution of Catalan Letters) and subsidies awarded through the Catalan Institute for Cultural En-terprises (ICEC) to foster artistic and cultural activities. The ICEC budget to support cultural creation, promotion and dissemination includes subsidies for the audiovisual sector, the visual arts, music, performing arts and publishing. It includes subsidies for projects that foster the use of Catalan, ir-respective of whether it is a requirement that the activity is done in Catalan or simply an evaluation criteria for granting the subsidy (€21,156,690.62).

Secretariat for Universities and Research for the funding round for INTERLINGUA grants. Assistance in maintaining and updating the self-study facilities for Catalan learning. €60,000.00

Secretariat for Universities and Research, for the activities of the Comissió Interuniversitària de Formació en Llengua Catalana (Inter-University Catalan Language Training Commission) €12,000.00

Consorci de l’Auditori i l’Orquestra: provision for the Catalan subtitling of the film The Lord of the Rings. The Fellowship of the Ring €4,000.00

Subsidy for the Institut d’Estudis Catalans to continue and update the computerized body of text in the Catalan language, CTIL2 €10,000.00

Subsidy for the Cultural Association of Matarranya (ASCUMA) for the magazine Temps de Franja and the reprinting of the comic Bernat Corremón al Matarranya €5,000.00

Subsidy for Modiband Projectes Culturals, SL for the launch and distribution of two programmes of short films as part of the Rita & Luca Films project: Pas a pas (Step by Step) and Petits herois (Little Heroes) €4,000.00

Subsidy for Linguapax for its actions to promote and protect linguistic diversity €30,000.00

Subsidy for the Ramon Muntaner Institute (IRMU) for the call for the V Joan Veny Grant €6,000.00

Subsidy for Leverage Iq Ibérica Internet Services, SL for its Sami Apps digital project of children's multilingual educational apps based on short stories €7,000.00

Subsidy for the Associació Lectura Fàcil (Easy Reading Association) to adapt the novel El temps de les cireres (The Cherry Season, 1977) by Montserrat Roig to the Easy Reading (LF) system €4,240.00


In relation to the Institució de les Lletres Catalanes, given the difficulty in separating the ex-penditure on support for language from that on support for literature, the figure includes all the grants awarded for literary output and the translation to Catalan of works in other languages, as well as the cost of the «Lletres en viu»(Living Letters) and «Lletres a les aules» (Letters in the Classroom) campaigns aimed at promoting and disseminating Catalan literature (€337,350.00).

Of the initiatives handled directly by the Ministry, mention should be made of the line of grants organised by means of the library acquisition initiative, whose aim is to support publishing output in Catalan and Occitan by encouraging readership and a greater presence in the form of new publi-cations in the public libraries of Catalonia (€1,049,258.00).

This also includes the amount that the Ramon Llull Institute earmarks for programmes to foster the Catalan language abroad, mainly in relation to teaching it in the universities that form part of the Network of Catalan Studies Abroad (€1,330,158.00).

Presidential DepartmentThe budget of the Presidential Department includes the activities of its four main areas of competence: the Communication Secretariat, the Foreign Affairs and European Union Secretariat, the General Sport Secretariat, and, together, the Government Secretariat and the General Secretariat.

With regard to the budget of the Secretariat of Communication, this includes subsidies for pro-jects and initiatives to support the media in Catalan and Aranese and the development and consol-idation of the Catalan media space (€6,546,097.71).

With regard to the Secretariat of Foreign Affairs and the European Union, it is worth noting its activities with Catalan communities abroad and its financial support for 120 Catalan language courses of different types and levels held in 49 casals (social centres) in 23 different countries (€100,278.00).

The budget of the General Secretariat of Sport amounts to €900,000.00 which corresponds to the collaboration agreement between the Consell Català de l’Esport (Catalan Sport Council) and the UFEC (Union of Sports Federations of Catalonia) to promote language normalisation in Catalan sports organisations and the sporting pursuits of their members.

It also includes the activities of the Government Representative in Madrid, the Casa de la Gen-eralitat in Perpignan, and the Espai Llull. Government Representative in Alghero —from October onwards, the Alghero Office of the Catalan Government Representative in Italy— and the LSC inter-preting service of the Citizen’s Advice Office in Girona.

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Ministry of Economy and KnowledgeThis budget includes a provision for the Secretariat for Universities and Research of €1,422,848.59 for the Ramon Llull Institute to maintain the network of Catalan lectureships and universities world-wide and the organisation of INTERLINGUA grants for Catalan universities for initiatives aimed at promoting and using languages in universities. Of the total amount (€611,779.20), the amount ear-marked for projects and actions in the sphere of the Catalan language was €301,060.78. Transfers to public Catalan universities within the framework of target-related funding related to improvements in Catalan language skills amounted to a total of €1,225,440.00. The Ministry’s budget also includes subsidies for grants for hearing-impaired students convened by UNIDISCAT 2014, which amounted to €77,485.67.

Ministry of Social Welfare and FamilyIn the case of the Ministry of Social Welfare and Family, it is worth highlighting the funding of Catalan courses for new arrivals through the Consortium for Language Normalisation, the literacy courses and the courses at immigrants’ associations (€856,891.00).

This also includes specific actions relating to the teaching and use of Catalan by the General Directorate of Youth and the General Directorate of Civil and Community Action (€20,257.79).

It also includes the expenses related to actions associated with Catalan sign language (€758,021.00).

Ministry of EducationThe budget for the Ministry of Education includes the wages of personnel for the reception class-rooms of newly-arrived students (€18,420,834.00) and the provision of a Catalan sign language (LSC) interpreting service for students in non-compulsory education (€489,220.00).

Ministry of JusticeIn the Ministry of Justice’s budget intended to promote the use of Catalan, it is worth mentioning remuneration for personnel assigned to promoting the Catalan language in court offices, through support and language advice for judicial bodies (€1,376,692.00), other actions to introduce Catalan into the ordinary operations of the justice system, and the organization of language training for people working in the legal profession. It also covers the expenses arising from the interpretation of Catalan sign language in the courts and tribunals of Catalonia (€14,254.06). The total amount implemented was €1,448,109.13.

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Ministry of Business and LabourThe budget of the Ministry of Business and Labour includes the expenditure deriving from the agree-ment signed between the Catalan Employment Service (SOC) and the Consortium for Language Normalisation to conduct Catalan training courses for unemployed people. The annual amount al-located in 2015 was €300,000.00.

Ministry of Governance and Institutional RelationsThe budget of the Ministry of Governance and Institutional Relations includes the expenses relating to translations into Occitan, Aranese in Aran, of the Butlletí de Relacions Institucionals (Journal of Insti-tutional Relations) and other language-related actions. It also includes the expenses involved in spe-cific training in Catalan and Catalan sign language. The total budget of this Ministry was €52,881.07.

Ministry of HealthThe budget for the Ministry of Health includes the subsidy for the Catalan Federation for the Deaf (FESOCA) for LSC interpreting services in the health service, the cost of Catalan courses for healthcare professionals and collaboration agreements signed with TERMCAT. The total budget of this Ministry was €70,009.08.

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Institutional structure

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Institutional structure The ministries of the Generalitat and the organisations and companies that report to them through

their various units are responsible for the sector-wide implementation of the Government’s lan-guage policy and for ensuring the organisation and involvement of the social and occupational sectors in their respective spheres of competence. The General Directorate for Language Policy of the Ministry of Culture directs and coordinates the language policy of the Generalitat.

General Directorate for Language PolicyThe General Directorate for Language Policy is the body responsible for the analysis, management, planning, coordination and implementation of the language policy of the Generalitat, being ascribed the following functions:

a) Analyse, plan, direct, coordinate and implement the language policy of the Generalitat in accordance with current law.

b) Oversee the implementation of the language policy established by the Government and co-ordinate the actions and measures of the different departments.

c) Establish the criteria for institutional language use with regard to the official languages in Catalonia.

d) Draw up the legislative and regulatory proposals associated with language policy and fostering the Catalan language, and report on the general regulatory projects associated with them and promoted by the departments of the Generalitat’s Administration.

e) Promote the teaching of Catalan to the adult population and convene and organize examina-tions to obtain Catalan knowledge certificates and examinations for professional qualifications for sworn translators and interpreters from other languages to Catalan and vice-versa, along with the issuance of the corresponding certificates or qualifications.

f) Develop policies intended to foster the use of the Catalan language in every sphere of society and the availability of products and services in Catalan.

g) Promote, by means of official statistics and surveys, the production of Catalonia’s sociolin-guistic map and the analysis of linguistic variables in social studies in other spheres.

h) Promote and coordinate initiatives related to language policy and the promotion of the Cata-lan language undertaken by local bodies in Catalonia, where applicable, through the Consortium for Language Normalisation.


annexes i) Promote dialogue, cooperation and coordination with other competent institutions in the field of language policy, especially within the regional context of the Catalan language community.

j) Disseminate the language policies implemented in Catalonia on the international stage as a successful benchmark of the protection and development of non-hegemonic languages and the management of linguistic diversity.

k) Promote social dialogue in the field of language policy, collaborating where applicable with the Social Council of the Catalan Language, and achieve a consensus in favour of extending the use of Catalan in every sphere of Catalan society.

l) Support the work of the Technical Language Policy Commission and coordinate the Techni-cal Language Policy Network to guarantee cross-cutting and interdepartmental action in the Government’s language policy.

m) Promote and coordinate, through the TERMCAT Terminology Centre, terminology-related activities associated with the Catalan language, and oversee the dissemination and use of the terminology generated by this Centre.

n) Collaborate with the Institute of Catalan Studies in facilitating and promoting the implemen-tation of language regulations.

o) Cooperate with the Ramon Llull Institute in its task of promoting and disseminating the Cat-alan language beyond its linguistic domain.

p) Promote the use, dissemination and knowledge of the Occitan language, known as Aranese in Aran, in accordance with the provisions of Article 21 and the Second Additional Provision of Act 35/2010, of 1 October 2010, on Occitan, Aranese in Aran, and promote foreign relations with regions in the Occitan linguistic domain in the field of language and the cultural output expressed in that language, in collaboration with the General Council of Aran.

q) Direct, plan and implement interdepartmental coordination and enact language policy in re-lation to the dissemination and promotion of Catalan sign language in order to guarantee social participation in its design through the Social Council of Catalan Sign Language, and promote its normalisation through the Institut d'Estudis Catalans; notwithstanding, with regard to the use of the language as a platform for communication, any accessibility regulations established by the competent ministry.


annexes Technical Language Policy CommissionOn 21 July 2011, the Official Gazette of the Catalan Government published Decree 371/2011, of 19 July 2011, on the cross-cutting organization of language policy.

In accordance with this Decree, the Technical Language Policy Commission is the collegiate body responsible for guaranteeing, through the Xarxa Tècnica de Política Lingüística (Technical Language Policy Network), the uniform application by all departments of the Generalitat’s Administration of language regulations and any agreements adopted by the Government in this field, and also for agree-ing on cooperation mechanisms for the implementation of interdepartmental language policies. The Commission may make proposals to the Government with regard to any language policy measures it may deem appropriate.

Xarxa Tècnica de Política LingüísticaLa Xarxa Tècnica de Política Lingüística is intended to provide technical support to the General Directorate for Language Policy and the Technical Language Policy Commission in each of the Min-istries in the Generalitat’s Administration. The Xarxa Tècnica is attached to the General Directorate for Language Policy.

The network comprises personnel from the Generalitat’s Administration assigned to different departments, autonomous agencies and others that report to the Generalitat’s Administration, in the numbers required to fulfil its functions, with a minimum of two people per department.

Toponymy Commission of CataloniaThe Toponymy Commission of Catalonia was formally established by Decree 59/2011, of 23 January 2011, as the advisory, consultative and proposal body for establishing official place names in Catalonia.

It acts as a coordination body between organizations and institutions with competences in toponymy, such as the Institut d’Estudis Catalans, the Conselh Generau d’Aran, the Generalitat's Administration and its independent bodies that deal with place names. It puts forward criteria and writing guidelines for the use of place names on signage, maps, publications and audiovisual media in accordance with the linguistic regulations of the Institut d’Estudis Catalans and the Conselh Generau d’Aran. The proposals of the Toponymy Commission of Catalonia for determining and establishing place names may relate to any of the following areas: urban place names, population centres, ad-ministrative divisions, and any other place names in Catalonia and the Catalan form of place names in other languages.


Consortium for Language NormalisationThe mission of the Consortium for Language Normalisation (CPNL) is to foster the knowledge and use of the Catalan language in every sphere. With this objective, it organises Catalan courses for adults and offers a range of services and resources for companies, organisations, local agencies and individuals to facilitate the use of Catalan.

The CPNL is a public organisation with its own legal status; it was created in 1989 by the General-itat and nineteen town councils. It currently comprises the Generalitat, 95 local councils, 37 county councils and the Provincial Council of Girona. The Provincial Councils of Lleida and Tarragona col-laborate with the CPNL through subsidies for Catalan services in their respective regions or through collaboration agreements for specific language reception and other programmes.

The CPNL provides a decentralised service through a regional network of twenty-two language normalisation centres. These centres operate independently and are governed by their own boards which are chaired by an individual representing the local corporations in the Consortium. The centres may cover a single municipality, more than one, a whole county or various counties, and are struc-tured as county Catalan services, local Catalan services and Catalan language offices. In total, there are 146 public response centres across the region.

TERMCATTERMCAT is a consortium comprising the Generalitat, the Institut d'Estudis Catalans and the Con-sortium for Language Normalisation.

The TERMCAT Terminology Centre is responsible for coordinating terminology-related activities concerning the Catalan language, for compiling and promoting terminology resources and guaran-teeing their availability, and for collaborating in the promotion and development of language engi-neering products with a particular focus on terminology, with the aim of helping to disseminate and implement scientific and technical terminology in the various specialist language fields.

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annexes Ramon Llull InstituteThe Ramon Llull Institute is a public body that was created for the purpose of promoting Catalan language and literature studies abroad in the fields of academia, literary translation and thought expressed in Catalan, and to promote Catalan cultural output in other fields such as the theatre, film, circus, dance, music, the visual arts, design and architecture.

The Ramon Llull Institute is part of the Ramon Llull Foundation along with the Generalitat, the Government of Andorra, Barcelona City Council, Alghero City Council, the General Council of the Eastern Pyrenees, the Network of Valencian Cities and the town councils in the Ramon Llull Network of Balearic Municipalities and Organizations. It is based in Andorra.

To achieve its ends, it performs the following functions:

a) Promoting the teaching of Catalan and the culture through which it is expressed in universities and other higher education centres, as well as encouraging its study and research.

b) Promoting the teaching of Catalan outside the university sphere, especially in areas outside the Catalan-speaking domain where the existence of groups of people from the autonomous regions in the consortium or their particular historical, cultural or commercial relations make this desirable.

c) Promoting the dissemination abroad of knowledge of literature expressed in the Catalan lan-guage by promoting and supporting translations into other languages and carrying out the relevant promotional actions.

d) Promoting the dissemination of thinking, essays and research abroad through the encour-agement of and support for translations to other languages, the organization of gatherings, seminars and exchanges, and other promotional actions abroad in the academic, intellectual and scientific spheres.

e) Promoting and supporting Catalan study societies abroad and their initiatives, projects and actions.

f) Promoting the overseas profile of the cultural output of the autonomous regions belonging to the Consortium in every mode, genre and expression by means of promotional strategies and actions abroad. This includes supporting the internationalization of outstanding artistic expression, the foreign travel of artists and works, and the dissemination of the artistic heritage inherent to the autonomous communities in the Consortium.

g) Promoting relations, projects and joint initiatives with institutions and organizations that showcase culture within and beyond the linguistic domain.


annexes Social Council for LanguageThe Social Council for the Catalan Language, founded in 1991, is the advisory, consultative and so-cial participation body for language policy, developed and promoted by the Generalitat. In 2000 the constitutional decree creating this body was modified to adapt to the regulatory framework estab-lished by Act 1/1998, and in 2005 it was once again amended by Decree 116/2005, of 14 June 2005, of the Social Council for the Catalan Language, governing the functions, composition, bodies and functionalities currently in place.

In accordance with Decree 116/2005, the Social Council for the Catalan Language is tasked with the following functions:

a) To evaluate the objectives and outcomes of the Generalitat’s language policy, especially the annual report envisaged by Article 39.3 of the Language Policy Act. To this end, each year the Council draws up a report on the actions undertaken or instigated by the Government of the Generalitat the previous year.

b) To study and analyse, at the behest of the Government, matters concerned with the promotion of the Catalan language in every sphere of society.

c) To issue opinions on projects for general language planning instruments to be approved by the Government.

d) To propose to the Government the preparation of studies and rulings and the adoption of the appropriate measures in line with the general aims of the Language Policy Act.

e) Any other function that may be attributed to it by laws or regulations.


annexes Social Council on Catalan Sign LanguageThe Social Council on Catalan Sign Language was created in October 2012 in accordance with Act 17/2010, of 3 June 2010, on Catalan Sign Language. It was constituted in 2013. It is the advisory, consultative and social participation body for the language policy developed and promoted by the Government of the Generalitat with regard to sign language. It has the following functions:

a) To study and analyse, at the behest of the Government, matters relating to the promoting and dissemination of Catalan sign language, bearing in mind the principle of non-sexist use of sign language.

b) To advise the Government on the appropriate measures to fulfil the objectives set forth in Act 17/2010, of 3 June 2010, on Catalan Sign Language.

c) To evaluate the objectives and outcomes of actions relating to Catalan sign language imple-mented by the Generalitat’s Administration.

The Council is chaired by the Minister of Culture and comprises 14 members, of whom seven represent the Generalitat and seven represent sector organizations, professionals and users of Cat-alan sign language.

Institut d’Estudis Catalans The Institut d'Estudis Catalans is an academic, scientific and cultural institution whose purpose is to conduct high-level scientific research, essentially covering all elements of Catalan culture. The Insti-tute is based in Barcelona and has offices throughout its geographical area of operation (Perpignan, Castelló de la Plana, Alicante, Lleida, Palma and Valencia).

Royal Decree 3118/1976, of 26 November 1976, granted the Institut d’Estudis Catalans official recognition as an academic, scientific and cultural institution with an operational scope extending to all regions of Catalan language and culture. By means of the Ruling of 17 May 2001, the Official Gazette of the Generalitat published the general amendment of the Statutes of the Institut d’Estudis Catalans. Meanwhile, in accordance with Act 17/2010, of 3 June 2010, on Catalan Sign Language, the IEC is also the academic institution responsible for determining the linguistic standards for Catalan sign language.

To perform its functions, the Institut d’Estudis Catalans is divided into sections, and the Philolo-gy Section fulfils the function of a Catalan language academy as tasked by the Institute. This function involves making a scientific study of the language, establishing linguistic regulations and monitoring the process whereby these regulations are applied in the sphere attributed to it: regions of Catalan language and culture.

The Philology Section is divided internally into six commissions: The Lexicography Commission, the Onomastic Commission, the Grammar Commission, the Standard Catalan Commission, the Transcription and Transliteration of Proper Names Commission and the Publications Commission.

The Philology Section has four subsidiary societies: Catalan Language and Literature Society, the Catalan Classical Studies Society, the Catalan Sociolinguistics Society and the Catalan Terminology Society.


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Other institutions

Conselh Generau d’AranThe Conselh Generau d'Aran (Aran General Council) is the main government institution for the Val d'Aran. It is made up of the Syndic, the Plenary Council and the Accounts Auditors Commission. It constitutes the administrative structure of Val d’Aran as established by Act 16/1990, of 13 July 1990, under the special system of Val d’Aran.

The Conselh Generau enjoys competences over the aspects included in the Act regulating the special system and the other laws passed by Parliament and the powers attributed to it by the same Act.

The Occitan language, known as Aranese in Val d’Aran, is the native language of this region and an official language in Catalonia, as established in the Statute of Autonomy of 2006 and Act 35/2010, of 1 October 2010, on Occitan, Aranese in Aran.

The Conselh Generau has full competence over all aspects relating to the promotion and teach-ing of Aranese and its corresponding culture in accordance with the general standards in force in Catalonia with regard to language and educational policy.

Institute of Aranese StudiesDecree 12/2014, of 21 January 2014, granted the Institute of Aranese Studies (IEA) the status of acad-emy and linguistic authority, based on the Linguistics Section of the existing IEA.

The aims of the Institute of Aranese Studies with regard to the Occitan language are:

a) To establish and update the linguistic standards of the Aranese variant of Occitan and ensure the process of normalisation of this language is consistent throughout its linguistic domain.

b) To act as the advisory authority on the Occitan language for public administrations and the bodies that report to them as well as for public and private schools and publicly-owned media, in accordance with Article 4 of Act 35/2010, of 1 October 2010, on Occitan, Aranese in Aran.

c) To collaborate, through the activities that pertain to it, in furthering and developing the lan-guage, the culture and society in general.

Consell de Política Lingüística de l’Occità Aranès (Language Policy Council of Aranese Occitan)The Language Policy Council of Aranese Occitan was constituted on 30 May 2012 in accordance with the provisions of Act 35/2010, of 1 October 2010, on Occitan, Aranese in Aran. It is a collegiate body formed by the Generalitat and the Conselh Generau d’Aran.

The purpose of the Council is to promote and monitor the necessary actions to guarantee the funding and coordination of language policies with regard to Occitan Aranese.

© Generalitat of CataloniaMinistry of Culture

The texts are subject to a Creative Commons open use licence, with recognition of authorship, excluding commercial use or derived works.

DESIGN: Azcunce / Ventura

LEGAL DEPOSIT: B 4180-2013

Lenguage Policy Report 2015 - Llengua Gencat

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