Lecture 4 Post-Structuralism - de-composition de-construction de-constructivism

CDT 19/08/13LECTURE #4 : : POST–STRUCTURALISM: DECONSTRUCTION AND DECONTSTRUCTIVISM

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#41 CDT 19/08/13

LECTURE #4 : : POST–STRUCTURALISM: DECONSTRUCTION AND DECONTSTRUCTIVISM .55

de-composition

de-construction

de-constructivism

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post-

Struc

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ism

© Chris Brisbin, 2014 https://unisa-au.academia.edu/ChrisBrisbin/

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THE CENTURY IS OVER, EVOLUTIONARY TREE OF TWENTIETH-‐CENTURY ARCHITECTURE Charles Jencks, from Architectural Review, July 2000, p. 77

VENTURI

VENTURI SCHOOL MOORE

GRAVES

HISTORICISM

...or, HOW TO FIND MEANING >

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STIRLING

KOOLHAAS

AD HOC URBANIST

EISENMAN

POSTMODERN SPACE

MOORE

MEANING IN ARCHITECTURE

CONTEXTUALISM

REGIONALISM

LAYERING+AMBIGUITY

SHIFTED AXES

SKEWS, DIAGONALS

SUPERGRAPHICS

FRONTALITY/ROTATION

DEMI-FORMS+SURPRISES

ASYMMETRICAL SYMMETRY

41960 1965 1970 1975

ANTHROPOMORPHISM

METAPHOR METAPHYSICAL


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seen as a supplement to structuralism

attempt to problematize and challenge many of its assumptions

sought to redress the universalizing tendencies of structuralism by introducing

specificity into discourse

introduced notions of time and difference

meaning was never fixed and always subject to deferrals and play

challenged the treatment of binary oppositions in structuralism

sought to expose the fact that within binary oppositions one term is invariably privileged

over the other

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p o s t — s t r u c t u r a l i s m


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According to Andrew Benjamin, “the history of architecture, in fact the

philosophy of architecture, have become as a result the history and philosophy of a

specific process: one marked by an origin, a goal, and a

creator.”

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p o s t — s t r u c t u r a l i s m


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According to Peter Eisenman, “architecture

cannot be except as it continuously distances itself from its own boundaries; it is always in the process of

becoming, of changing, while it is also establishing,

institutionalising ...”

“... while a house today must still shelter, it does not

need to symbolise or romanticise its sheltering function, to the contrary

such symbols are today meaningless and merely

nostalgic.”

the housing of tradition: that is a form of housing that contains within it the tradition

of housing and yet is neither reducible to nor explicable in the terms set by that tradition.


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According to Phillip Johnson, “these intersections of

modernist abstraction and an arbitrary figurative code,

which act as the basic form, are then progressively

distorted to provide the functionally specific social and technical spaces. The

distortion is effected by systematically adding further shapes in a way that clashes—new shapes that come out of

the same system of four basic shapes that they distort.”

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…….deconstructivism

the problematizing of ‘binary oppositions’

within the post-structuralist project, and within deconstruction, there is no either/or, there is just an open search for meaning and that challenges the unitary truth claims of architectural tradition

As Andrew Benjamin observes; “Works with open doors must be what are henceforth demanded by philosophy and architecture.”


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A new architectural tendency emerged during the 1980s, associated both with post-structuralist theory and Constructivism. This was in part a vehement reaction against postmodernism ... its historicist imagery, its complacent contextualism, its conciliatory and affirmative properties, its humanism, its rejection of technological imagery ... its repression of the new. !Instead of seeking cultural communication, Architecture, in the deconstructivist’s view, should make explicit the contrary. ...fragmentation, dispersion, decentering, schizophrenia, disturbance were the new objectives; it was from these qualities that Architecture was to gain its "critical" edge. !Participants in the exhibition entitled “Deconstructivist Architecture” at New York’s Museum of Modern Art in 1980 included Coop Himmelblau, Peter Eisenman, Frank Gehry, Zaha Hadid, Rem Koolhaas, Daniel Libeskind, and Bernard Tschumi.

…….deconstructivism


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from structuralism to

decompositon to deconstructivism


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“This suggestion of an end in the present shattered the classical triadic condition of past, present, and future time and, thus, its

progression and continuity. Previously, the present was seen as a moment between the past and the future. Now the present contains two unrelated poles; a memory of this previous and progressive time and an immanence, the present of end—the end of the future—a

new kind of time.”

!!

Peter Eisenman

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“Decomposition ... proposes a radically altered process of making from either modernism or classicism. Decomposition presumes that origins, ends, and the process itself are elusive and complex rather

than stable, simple or pure, that is, classical or natural.” !

“By proposing a process which at root is the negative or inverse of classical composition, the process uncovers (or deconstructs)

relationships inherent in a specific object and its structure which were previously hidden by a classical sensibility.”

!“Rather than working from an original type toward a predictable

end, decomposition starts with a heuristic approximation of end, and end which is immanent within the new object/process.”

!Peter Eisenman


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THE PALLADIAN VILLA — ICON OF CLASSICISM

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VERNACULAR TRADITIONS

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The traditions that are inherent in each culture are physically present

and made legible as a language system in the

way in which their buildings are

constructed and decorated.

Architecture thus speaks Architecture thus is a

language


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PROJECT FOR CANNAREGIO Peter Eisenman, 1978

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WEXNER CENTER Peter Eisenman, 1983-‐9

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JACQUES DERRIDA


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SOVIET PAVILION IN THE 1925 PARIS EXPO KonstanEn Melnikov, 1925

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UNTITLED Naum Gabo, 1957


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LENIN TRIBUTE El Lissitzky, 1920

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Deconstruction is ….

JACQUES DERRIDA


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Sign

signifier

signified

... is the material or linguistic half of the sign. It is a physical

Presence

... is the conceptual half of the sign. It is referred to through its Absence


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Signsignifier

signified

the word ‘open’ on this sign

when the announcement ‘open’ is seen

outside a store, customers know that

the sign is communicating “this

shop is open for business”


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PRESENCE / ABSENCE

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PARC DE LA VILLETTE COMPETITION ENTRTY Peter Eisenman & Jacques Derrida, 1986-‐7


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Initial Conceptual sketch

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Process


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Final model

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Outcome


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BIOCENTRUM Peter Eisenman, 1986-‐7

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GUARDIOLA HOUSE Peter Eisenman, 1988

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LEBBEUS WOODS


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DANIEL LIBESKIND


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GORDON MATTA-‐CLARK


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JEWISH MUSEUM Daniel Libeskind, 1987


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#4CDT 19/08/13LECTURE #4 : : POST–STRUCTURALISM: DECONSTRUCTION AND DECONTSTRUCTIVISM

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de-composition

de-construction

de-constructivism

+ Fo

reru

nner

+ Str

uctu

ralism

+ Mea

ning &

lang

uage

+ au

tono

my

55

fin.


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Lecture 4 Post-Structuralism - de-composition de-construction de-constructivism

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