MOCKBA rEOC 2000

3 ~ c n e ~ u w o ~ ~ b r e n c c n e A o s a H u r r , npennpnm- Tble K U T ~ ~ ~ C K U M U apXeOJIOraMH B C H H ~ ~ ~ H H ~ , Cy-

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IlaMRTHUKOB AOTIopKCKOrO B p e M e H H ( B ~ H Eo, 1 9 9 6 ; B ~ H 60, Un C n o m a ~ b , 1 9 9 6 ) . C n p y r o f i CTO-

POHbl, TPYAbl ~ ~ C C H ~ ~ C K U X , YKPaUHCKUX, I I O n 6 C K

H rePMaHCKHX YYeHblX B nOCneAHkle rOAbl BblBe-

nu H a H O B ~ I # + a ~ ~ o r p a + n q e c ~ n f i ypoaeHb nccne- AOBaHkiR ((KUMM~PH#CKHX)) H ~ B ~ R H H ~ ~ ( O ~ ~ X O B - C K H ~ ~ B.C., 1 9 9 0 ) , a Tame npORCHIznki COCTaB H

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KOTOPblMU T p w H U M O H H O CBR3bIBaIoTCR OJIeHHble

KaMHU ~ P U ~ ~ P H O M O P ~ R H C ~ B ~ ~ H O ~ O Kas~asa (CM. 113 OCHOBHblX pa60~: B a n b ~ a ~ C.E., M ~ M O H - TOB B.M., C ~ ~ O H O B A.A., 1 9 9 6 ; BanbYaK C.E., 1 9 9 7 ; 1 9 9 7 a ; Ulapa+ymn~osa 3.C., & ' ~ O B C K ~ R

O.P., 1 9 8 7 ; & ~ O B C K ~ H O.P., 1 9 9 3 ; 1 9 9 4 ; 1 9 9 7 ; Ko- 3eHKOBa B.M., 1 9 9 6 ; M ~ X O ~ T ~ I X C.B., 1 9 9 4 ; CKO- p u # C.A., 1 9 9 1 ; 3 p n n x B.P., 1 9 9 4 ; 1 9 9 7 ; C h o c h o r o w s k i J., 1 9 9 3 ) . Oco6o H ~ O ~ X O A H M O B ~ I -

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HbIX KaMHefi (Kossack G., 1 9 9 6 ; 1 9 9 8 ) . B CBR3ti C

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~ e i i e s p o n e f i c ~ o r o peruoHa (pnc. 1-3). )Ip noncKa npmmunoB espone#cm o n e ~ ~ b l x

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C T ~ ~ H U H ~ # YCTaHOBKki 3TUX H ~ B ~ R H H ~ . H~CMOT- pa Ha TO, TO 3 ~ a pa60~a B OCHOBHOM yxe npoae- A e H a A . ~ . T ~ ~ ~ H o x K H H ~ ~ M , A . ~ . C ~ B H H O B ~ ~ M , H.nT%eHOBOfi H B.C.OJI~XOBCKHM (T~P~HOXKMH A.M., 1 9 7 8 ; Z I n e ~ o a a HA., 1 9 8 4 ; C a s n ~ o s A.r., 1 9 7 7 ; 1 9 9 4 ; C~BHHOB AT., %eHosa H.J., 1 9 7 8 ; 1 9 8 0 ; OJI~XOBCKH# B.C., 1 9 9 0 ) , 3AeCb eCTb ewe 0

q e M nOAyMaTb. K p o ~ e TOrO, BsuKHe#LUkie ~ a 6 n m - AeHHHR, n p O B e A e H H b l e ~ . K O C C ~ K O M (Kossack G . , 1 9 9 6 ; 1 9 9 8 ) , ewe H e Haunn oTKnnKa B poccn#c- KO# apxeonoruqec~o# nnTepaqpe u o c T a I o T c n HeH3BeCTHblMU ~OJI~I I IHHCTBY H C C J I ~ A O B ~ T ~ ~ ~ # .

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TOpa ( p n c . 1 , 1,2), HCKaXeHb1 B p a 3 ~ 0 6 CTeneHH

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3aHO A U l e e - Ha +OTOV~+HRX, o ~ I J ' ~ ~ H K o B ~ H H ~ ~ x A . ~ . C ~ B U H O B ~ I M ki H . ~ . % ~ H o B o # (C~BHHOB A.T., 1 9 7 7 , pnc.l,2; %e~osa H.n., 1 9 8 4 , pnc. 1-4). T ~ K , HanpnMep, H a pncyme A . ~ . ~ ~ B H H o B ~ M e q c 3y- 6 0 ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ 0 OJleHHOrO KaMHR ~306psuKeH ~ ~ K O R T K O #

B H U ~ , nepeBepHyn.1 u HenpaambHo pacnonoxeabl CfJnr)'pKki XUBOTHblX n O C e p e A U H e CTenbI (cP.: Ca- BHHOB A T , 1 9 7 7 , puc.2 u +OTO us: Qe~oaa H.J., 1 9 8 4 , pUc.3). B TO Xe BpeMR, XOTR A . ~ . C ~ B U H O B CYHTaeT, YTO ((~an60nee TOYHble nPOPUCOBKU))

TUX U ~ B ~ H H U # C o A e p x a T c n B pa60~e H.n.%e- HOBO^^ (C~BUHOB A.T., 1 9 9 4 , ~ . 5 3 ) , H a CaMOM Aerie,

K a K 6yne~ nOKa3aHO AaJIee , no pRny B ~ ~ K H ~ B L U M X n e ~ a n e f i ero npopucoaKn r o p a 3 A o HanexHee. T ~ M 6onee IIeYanbHO, YTO A . ~ . ~ ~ B u H o B He HCnpaBHn

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0606wa1owef i ~ o ~ o r p a + n n 1 9 9 4 r. (Caan~oa AT., 1 9 9 4 , ~ a 6 n . X , 1-2). H ~ ~ O H H T H ~ I M OCTaeTCR UTHO-

PkipOBaHHe A . ~ . C ~ B H H O B ~ I M B yKa3aHHOM TPYAe

(086 I "JIV'~ aoaada~ "JIV"I'~ aaeueg :ou) douor- 8g f(0661 "3.8 ~nn3aoxquo :ou) douor-Jg f(pg6 I "U'H eaoHa% :ou) douor - ag 'pg !(0661"3'8 Fnn3aoxquo :OU) haN - 3g

f(og61 '3q.9 aoaada~ "JIV-Q aaeueg :ou) haN - qg f(0661"3'8 ~m3aoxquo :OU) onquon ao~h03ua - ~g I(066 I "3.8 gun3aoxquo :ou) euarci ~~~H/CCLGJEIS~ - g I(LL~ I '11')-j' ao~uae~ :OU) 1qua.m u~edl ga~nadau eH eu -eHcHux au~awtedgocu - DZ f(066 1 "3.8 gun3aoxqu0 :OU) euam mn3~ugeu-qr3,4 - z f(pg6 I "UH eaoHa% :ou) d0uO.L- a/ 'p[ f(~~6 1 '11.u 80HK8€?3 :OU) d0uO.L - 31 f(066 1 "3'8 uHW380XSUO :OU) OhqU0W aOHh03UB - q[

fe~u3Lg - D[ !(066 I "3.8 #un3aoxquo :ou) eua~3 mn3aogLc - :e~omad oJoawuec uHruen arqHHauO .I '3ud

pa6OTb1 B.C.OJI~XOBCKO~O 1990 r., me naHb1 HO- BbIe IIpOpHCOBKIl CeBepOKaBKa3CKux CTeJl, no MOMeHTOB llpWH~WIIWWlbH0 BUHbIe m a HX AaTH-pOBKw w KyJlb'TYpHofi ~TPW~YUHW. He-B n p o ~ e ~ , CMoTpX Ha TO, ST0 B.C.OJI~XOBCKW~~IIPHBOAHT ~an6oneeTOYHbIe Ha c ~ ~ o A H I ~ I I I H w ~ ~AeHb PHCyH- KW, BCe Xe k i OHH Bbl3blBaK)T PIlA BOIIPOCOB, 0 KO-TOPblX HMCe.

EYCHHLI. r.,Bcnen 3a r.To~Yesoii ( T o ~ ~ e a a 1972, c. 109) H.J. % e ~ o s a (%e~oaa H.J., 1984, c.26) BblCKa3bIBaeT IIpennOJIOXeHHe, ST0 KPYn-Hble @n~pb1, W 3 KOTOPbIX COCTaBJleHbl OXepen bSI Ha BCeX CeBepOKaBKa3CKnx KaMHIIX (PHC. I, 1-3; 2, I), M O T ~306paXa~bB TOM YWCne PaKOBHHbl Kaypn. H e c ~ o n b ~ n ~ n cTpaHnqaMn nanee (Yne~o- sa H.J., 1984, c.31) oHa yme nenaeT B ~ I B O A ~ Io XpoHOJlOrHH H KyJlbTYpH~ii~ T P W ~ Y ~ W W3THX KIM-

~e f i , npnHnMaR3~y nHTepnpeTaqnm 3a aKcnoMy. A.T.Casw~osB nocnenaeii pa6ol.e Tame roso- PUT 0 TOM, ST0 ((OBWlbHbIe))@HQ'P~I B OXepeJlbe Ha ~ Y ~ O B C K O MOJleHHOM KaMHe (PHC. 1, I ) M O T

nm6paxa~b paKOBHHb1 KaJ'pH (C~BHHOB AT., 1994,

c oTneyaTKa, a s a ~ e ~ nonseprnacb WcKaxeHnm npki paCTpHpOBaHHH li p~~IllHpOBKe.n0~~0JlbKy

Ha PHCYHKaX OJleHHbIX Ka~Heii ki3 Kbl36ypy~aH C

03.MapbliH~K0r0~ Y C W H ~ In306paxam~ca nccne- AOBaTenRMH TOYHO TaKUM Xe O ~ P ~ ~ O M , KaK TpaK- TOBaHbl ~ Y C W H ~ IC ~ Y ~ O B C K O ~ OKaMHR (YJ~~Ho- sa H.J., 1984, pnc.5; G a ~ ~ a e s B.M., Kepeaos E.M., 1980, pwc.2; OnbxoscKIlfi B.C., 1990, pnc. 1) (pnc. 1,3; 2, I), MOXHO npennonomb, YTO w 3necb HX O ~ J I U KHe HOHRT, TaK YTO ~ Y C W H ~ IHa 3TUX U3Ba-IIHWRXHe ((axypHble)), a Tame n3 nonac~eii, KpaR KOTOPbIX B03BblIUaKITCII HaA IIOBePXHOCTbK) H3- B ~ H H . Apyroe neno, YTO nonacTn ~ 0 r - y ~ 6b1~b llpopa60~aHbl HenOCTaTOYHO YeTKO: TaK, Ha KbI3-

6ypy~c~o i i cTenax nonacTn HeKo- n ap~asnpc~o i i TOpbIX ~ Y C W H6onee ynJIOUeHb1, YeM y COCenHnX (~anp. :Eamaes B.M., Kepeaos G.M., 1980, pnc. 1 (@oTo), cnpasa). Bo BCRKOM cnyyae Ha3saTb 3 ~ n ~ Y C W H ~ I ( E ~ T Y ~ ~ B( ( ~ W K O H W Y ~ C K W M W ) ) B.M., Ke- pe@0B G.M., 1980, c.290) HeBO3MOXHO: OHH BOr-HJ'Tb1, a He BbIIlJ'KJlbI. O ~ P ~ ~ O M ,T ~ K H M Mbl nMe-eM XOTX 6b1B OAHOM cnyyae neno c 6 y c n ~ a ~ n n3

c.52). B TO Xe BpeMII @ W ~ P ~ I nnocicnx nonac~eii c yrnoM Mexny nonacTaMn Ha Y C T ~ - J ~ ~ ~ W H C K O M ki ~ Y ~ O B C K O M (?) YaCTb; no B.C.Onbxos- MeHee 180 rpanycoa. (PIHHIIII CKOMY - ~ Y ~ O B C K ~ R np0@. re0pr Kocca~ I c~ena) (pwc. 1, 1,2) onea- B CTaTbe, o ~ ~ ~ J ~ H K o B ~ H - HbIX KBMHIIX, a Tame Ha KaMHe C KUYK~CCKO# B YeCTb A ~ a n n e HOG B 1996 r. B C ~ O ~ H H K ~ MOXO-nepenpam ( B ~ ~ X H ~ X O ~ T H U K H ~ ~ p-H) (pnc.2, 7) HMeHvr OTYeTJlHBym ~ O M ~ H Y ~ C K ~ ~@0phfy,0 YeM A . ~ . ~ ~ B H H o BrOBOpkiT nByMR CTpOYKaMW BblLUe. ECT~CTB~HHO,PaKOBWHa He MOXeT WMeTb TaKOl-0 npo@nna. Han6onee TUaTenbHO llpopa60~aHb1 ~306pa>rceHH B OXepeJlbe Ha OJleHHOM KaM- ~ Y C W H

He H 3 ~ Y ~ O B C K O ~ OT O p a (ll03nHM (?) YaCTb, 3)'-

~ O B C K ~ R 3necb11 cTena no B.C.OJI~XOBCKOM~). OHWnoKa3aHbI B~ICOKWMpenbeao~,YTO naeT ~ 0 3 -

MOXHOCTb YCTaHOBWTbUX KOHCTPYKWK). Aaxe Ha @o~orpa@nn3 ~ 0 r oKaMHa, npnnoxe~~o i i K one -~y H.kl.Beceno~c~or038 1900 r. (Becenosc~nii H.M., 1900, @OTO 4), omeTnnso snnao, YTO o6pa-UeHHaR K 3PWTeJlW CTOpOHa ~ Y C W HllpeACTaBJIReT co6oii nee nnoc~nx nonacTn, m o n a u n e OT qeH-TpUbHOrO CTepXHa. &ki JlOllaCTki HaXOnaTCH npW 3TOM He B O A H O ~ ~llJlOCKOCTW, YrOn Memy HWMW

COCTaBnReT OKOJlO 130- 150 rpanyCOB, TO eCTb UeHTpUbHaR YaCTb ~ Y C W H ~ IyTOilJleHa B llOBepX-HOCTb KIMHII, a KOHqbl J l~nac~efi BO3BbIIUaHvrCR H a Hem (pnc.1, la). &O COBepIIleHHO He COOT-

~ e r c ~ ~ y e r n @o~orpa@nn, p n c y q H.J .%~HoBo~~ KOTOpyIO MOXHO BHneTb B ee KHHre (YJleH0- Ba H.J., 1984, p~c .3~4) . CHWMKOBHecoomerc~sne MOXHO ~ ~ ' ~ S C H W T ~ W 3 OT-TeM, YTO @ O T O ~ ~ ~ @ B I I

reTa H.M.Becenoac~om cHarana 6bMa nepecHaTa

nnY (Kossack G., 1996; 1998), BllepBble npnruen K

BblBOA)' 0 TOM, YTO Ha CeBePOKaBKa3CKWX OJleH- HbIX KaMHRX ~306paXe~b1 WMeHHO 3T0r0 ~ Y C W H ~ I

TWila, W l l O K a 3 U WCT0PWYeCK)'K) 3HaYWMOCTb 3TO-

ro OTKPLITWR. Aeno B TOM,YTO T a ~ n e6ycn~b1n3-BeCTHbI Ha TePPWTOPWW BOCTOYHO~~ EBp0nbl TOJlb-

KO B COCTaBe HeCKOnbKUX KnaAOB B Kapna~ax (Kossack G., 1998, p. 191 -1 94): M n x a ~ ~ ~ o a c ~ o r o ~nana,me nx 6buo 06HappeH0 16 ru~ . (Hadaczek K., 1904, str.22, tabl.XII, 1) (pnc.7, 1-16), Knma n3 n y c ~ a x a ~ ~ a ~ (Mozsolich A., 1977, p.289,290), Knana W 3 M u x ~ I ~ H w - E o ~ ~ T ~(Pulszky F.V., 1897, p.207) (plic.7, 23-29); TaKaR Xe ~ Y C U H ~ , nponc-XOAXUaR I I K O ~ ~ I (AJI~IUOC~HTHB~H),W 3 C ~ H T H B ~ H KOM. Qefiep, XPaHHTCR B H ~ ~ H O H W ~ ~ H O MMysee Gynaneru~a (A.Moxonn~ cYwTaeT ee nponcxona- ueii n3 T O ~ Ome Knma B I l y c ~ a x a ~ s a ~ )(Mozso-lich A., 1977, p.293) (p~c.7~37) . COCTaBJleHbIOHW W 3 30Jl0~0fiT ~ Y ~ O Y K WC IlpHKPeWIeHHbIMH K Hefi TpeMR 30JlOTbIMW llOJlyOBaJIbHbIMH JlOllaCTfiMH, ymn Memy KOTOPbIMW COCTaBnReT OKOnO 120- 140 rpanycos. n e p s b ~ ~ T.Koc-n3 nccneno~a~eneii caK yKa3an, YTO TOYHO Tame x e TpexnonacTHbIe ~ Y C W H ~ IHaheHb1 B Gaii-CmTe (Tysa) (30JIOTaR) H

B JYT~BCKOM llepeHCnOnb-(Mn~yca) ( ~ P O H ~ O B ~ R , 30BaHHaR B KaYeCTBe ~ o ~ B ~ c K H ) J.P.,( ~ ~ J I ~ c o B

142 Apxeonozux, naneos~onozw u naneode~ozpadux Eepa3uu

r?:; Q ,:, . . .,

0 . . ' . .: 9 p k y --I&' ah... 0 -I?

Pnc.3: I - o n e ~ ~ b ~ k KaMeHb n3 KypraHa n ~ w a ~ a Morma (Eenorpaneu, Eonrapm) (npopncos~a no +o~orpa@in~ n3: Tomesa T., 1972); 2 - o n e ~ ~ b ~ f i KaMeHb n3 KypraHa qapesa Morma (6nn3 r.Kpnso2i Por,

Y ~ p a n ~ a ) (no: TepeHoxKi~ O.I., 1978); 3-16 - HHseHTapb norpe6esw.1 B KypraHe n ~ n q a r a Morma (3-12, 14-16 -no: Kossack G., 1998; 13 -no: T ~ ~ ~ H O X K H H A.M., 1976). /,2 - KaMeHb, 3,4,I6 - xeneso,

4 - nepeso

1979, c.5 1, puc.34) (pnc.7, 38,39). Bce KapnaT- CKHe n cn6npc~ne 6ycu~b1- Tpex-, n ABynonac- THble, - HMeWT, eCTeCTBeHH0, UeHTpaJIbHOe pe6- po ( T ~ Y ~ K Y ) . T ~ K , c nonepeqHblM p e 6 p o ~ , n ~306pa~eHb1 ~ Y C H H ~ I Ha OfleHHblX KaMHRX H 3 3y- ~ O B C K O T O XJ'TOpa, Y c T ~ - ~ ~ ~ w H c K o ~ ~ , C MIP~UH- CKOrO osepa, H 3 Kb136ypy~a, A H H O ~ ~ T H H - ~ ~ ~ B ~ H , Eenorpwsa (To~qeaa r., 1972, pnc.7a, 86; %e- H O B ~ H . ~ . , 1984, pnc.1-5)(pnc.l, 1-3; 2,1,2; 3, l ; 7, 42-44). %H npeAMeTbl COOTBeTCTByWT ~306- PUeHHbIM Ha OJIeHHbIX KaMHIlX H no pa3Mepy. T ~ K , ecnn cnpaaemnso paccywesne H.n.%eHOBofi 0 TOM, 'IT0 ~306piUKeHHble Ha CeBePOKaBKa3CKUX KaMHRX IlpeAMeTbI YMeHbrUeHbI B ABa pa3a, TO

c p e n ~ ~ ~ mnHa 6yc cocTaanma 15-20 CM, ecnn x e OHW n306paxanncb B HaTypaJIbHJOO BeflHqHHy -

8- 10 CM. Pa3~epb1 ~ Y C H H MOXHO np~6~1~3w~enbHo YCTaHOBUTb Pi WCXOAR W 3 TOrO, YTO B OXepenbe O ~ ~ I ~ H O YMeUaeTCR MaKCUMYM A 0 8- 10 ~ Y C H H , npnqeM OxepenbR He 3 a ~ ~ ~ y r b 1 Ha wee, a, KaK BW-

HO Ha npnMepe Ka~Heg n3 Ap~aanpa n Kb136ypy- Ha, MOryT CIlyCKaTbCR A 0 nOHCa. M C 3~0fi TOYKU

3peHHR MeHbllle 5-8 CM B &l'tHHy 6ycn~bl UMeTb He Mornn. P ~ K O B H H Kaypn (Monetaria moneta, Mannalus) TaKoro pamepa B npnpone He cyqe- CTBJ'eT. P ~ K O B U H ~ I , HaXOAHMble B MOTUnaX, HMeWT He 6onee 2-3 CM B ~ n u ~ y . B TO x e BpeMa Tpexno- naCTHble ~ Y C H H ~ I Pi3 M H X ~ ~ K O B C K O ~ O KnaAa HMeJlH m n ~ y OT 5,5 AO 9,4 CM, a ABynonacTHbre - 4,5 CM

(Hadaczek K., 1904, str.22), TpexnonacTHbre n3 ~ J ' C T ~ X ~ T B ~ H - A 0 8,7 CM, H 3 A ~ ~ ~ o c ~ H T H - BaH - 9,9 CM, H 3 M H X ~ I ~ H U - E O ~ P T ~ - 2,7-8 CM.