−k±ec¡p£ e¡ −k±enË¢jL Evp j¡e¤o ¢h−no pwMÉ¡ 2005 AN¡ØV '05 ISSN 0971- 5800

¢h−no pwMÉ¡l pÇf¡cLjäm£ A−n¡L h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u, f¤ZÉhËa …Z, Su¿¹ c¡p, f¡bÑfË¢aj f¡m, n¢jÑù¡ l¡u p§Q£fœ 1) p¡r¡vL¡l -- Øjl¢Sv S¡e¡ 2 \\ −ch¢fËu j¢õL 4 \\ ap¢mj¡ e¡p¢le 6 \\ p¤¤S¡a iâ 7 2) A¢ija -- lj¡L¡¿¹ Qœ²haÑ£ 9 \\ n£−oѾc¥ j¤−M¡f¡dÉ¡u 10 3) H ms¡C h¡yQ¡l ms¡C - A−n¡L h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u 12 4) "H ms¡C Bj¡−cl ¢Sa−aC q−h ' - c¤hÑ¡l j¢qm¡ pjeÄu L¢j¢V 17 5) N¢ZL¡l A¢dL¡l - p¾c£f h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u 23 6) eNÀ ¢emÑ‹ q¡a - Aqe¡ j¢õL 27 7) hª¢ø f−s HM¡−e h¡−l¡ j¡p - f¡bÑfË¢aj f¡m 36 8) −k±ec¡p£ - h¡Z£ hp¤¤ 42 9) −k f−b pñh q−u¢Rm - f¤ZÉhËa …Z 47 10) f¢aa¡hª¢šl BCe£ ü£L«¢a −Le Ae¤¢Qa (Ae¤h¡c) - −S¢ep ¢S. −ljä 51 11) B¢j c£f¡¢m hm¢R - üfe c¡p 57 fËμRc : −chhËa −O¡o

2

p¡r¡vL¡l x X¡. Øjl¢Sa S¡e¡ ¢e−u−Re x n¢jÑù¡ l¡u J f¡bÑfË¢aj f¡m

fËx −kph j¢qm¡ A−bÑl ¢h¢ej−u −k±e¢œ²u¡u B−Re, a¡y−cl ¢e−u pwNWe Ll−Re Bf¢e z a¡y−cl ea¥e A¢id¡ ¢c−u−Re −k±eLjÑ£ z Hje HLV¡ −fn¡ pj¡S −b−L ¢hm¤ç Ll¡l B−¾c¡me e¡ L−l Hl ü£L«¢al c¡¢h−a Bfe¡l¡ H¢N−u H−me −Le ? Ex −L¡−e¡ −fn¡l SeÈ, jªa¥É, −L¡−e¡ j¡e¤o, −N¡ù£ h¡ l¡−øÊl CμR¡l Efl ¢eiÑl L−l e¡ z HC L¡S B¢cj k¤N −b−L Q−m Bp−R, H−L −LEC hå Ll−a f¡−l ¢e z Na L−uL q¡S¡l hR−ll C¢aq¡−p hý j¡e¤o H −fn¡−L hå Ll−a −Q−u−Re, ¢L¿¹¥ pgm qe¢e z l¡øÊ BCe L−l H−L ¢e¿»uZ Ll−a f¡−l, −hBCe£ −O¡oZ¡ Ll−a f¡−l ¢L¿¹¥ hå Ll−a f¡−l e¡ z Bj¡−cl ja −c−n AØfø BCe ¢c−u H−L Bd¡-¢e¢oÜ h¡ fË¡u Afl¡−dl fkÑ¡−u ¢e−u k¡Ju¡ q−u−R z h¡S¡l Hl …Zj¡e ¢edÑ¡lZ L−l ¢c−a f¡−l z Hl g−m −k±efõ£ ¢e¢oÜ q−m a¡ jÉ¡p¡S f¡mÑ¡l h¡ AeÉ −L¡e −Qq¡l¡u pj¡−SC −b−L k¡−h, −fn¡ q¡¢l−u k¡−h e¡ z HV¡ cn q¡S¡l hR−ll A¢i‘a¡ z fËx HlLj HLV¡ −fn¡−L BCe£ ü£L«¢a ¢c−m H−cl j−dÉL¡l c¡m¡m −nËZ£lC p¤¤¢hd¡ q−μR e¡ ¢L ? −k±eLjÑ£l¡ b¡XÑ f¡¢VÑ−a f¢lZa q−μRe e¡ ¢L ? Ex −k±ea¡ hÉ¡f¡lV¡−L ¢WL Ji¡−h S¡e¡l pj¡−S −L¡−e¡ hÉhÙÛ¡ −eC z Bjl¡ ea¥e −L¡−e¡ BCe N−s BCe£ ü£L«¢al Lb¡ h¢m e¡ z HV¡ Bfl¡dj§mL −L¡e L¡S ¢q−p−h k¡−a NZÉ e¡ qu a¡l SeÉ haÑj¡e BC−el ¢hm¤¢ç c¡h£ Ll¢R z i¡lah−oÑ −fn¡l HLV¡ a¡¢mL¡ B−R z −pC a¡¢mL¡u H−L Be−a hm¡ q−μR z Q¥¢l-f−LVj¡¢l- l¡q¡S¡¢el ja Afl¡dj§mL L¡−Sl jaC HL¡S−LJ −c−M l¡øÊ z c¤hÑ¡l j¢qm¡ pjeÄu L¢j¢V Na fy¡Q hRl d−l HC c¡¢h L−l Bp−R −k, −k±e −fn¡−L ¢eu¿»Z Ll¡l −r−œ ky¡l¡ ¢pÜ¡¿¹ −e−he, −pM−e −Lhmj¡œ plL¡¢l fË¢a¢e¢d ee, HC −fn¡u A¿¹i¥Ñš² j¡e¤−ol p¢œ²u AwnNËqZ b¡L−a q−h z −kje BCe −fn¡u ky¡l¡ B−Re, ay¡−cl SeÉ C¢äu¡e −j¢XLÉ¡m L¡E¢¾pm B−R z ph−Q−u i¡−m¡ qa, k¢c ¢e−S−cl pjpÉ¡ J BaÈ¢eu¿»Z pwœ²¡¿¹ ¢ho−u −fn¡S£h£−cl ün¡¢pa −h¡XÑ HL¡C ¢pÜ¡¿¹ ¢e−a f¡la z Bfe¡l fË−nÀl Bl HL¢V Awn qm jdÉüaÆ−i¡N£−cl ¢e−u, Bl fy¡QV¡ hÉhp¡l ja Hl¡J b¡L−h z H−cl −no L−l −cJu¡ k¡−h e¡ z a−h, Bjl¡ HV¡ −c−M b¡¢L, k¡−a Hl¡ k¡ M¤¢n a¡C e¡ Ll−a f¡−l z HMe −kje −p¡e¡N¡¢R Hm¡L¡l pšl na¡wn −j−uC self employed, a¡l¡ ¢e−Sl¡ Ol i¡s¡ ¢e−u hÉhp¡ Q¡m¡u z Hhw j¡m¢Lel¡ La na¡wn −k±eLjÑ£l −l¡SN¡−ll i¡N f¡−he a¡ HC LjÑ£l¡C ¢edÑ¡lZ L−l −c−he z fËx fª¢bh£l −hn L−uL¢V −c−n H −fn¡ ¢e¢oÜ eu z Bfe¡−cl B−¾c¡me ¢L ay¡−clC d¡l¡l Ae¤p¡l£, e¡¢L ¢LR¥ ea¥eaÆ B−R ? Ex ea¥eaÆ HLV¡C, −pmÚg −l…−mVl£ −h¡−XÑl fËnÀV¡ c¤hÑ¡l j¢qm¡ pjeÄu L¢j¢VC fËbj a¥−m−R z HV¡ ¢WLC, fª¢bh£l A−eL −c−nC H −fn¡ decriminalized q−u−R, −pM¡−e Mh−ll L¡N−S ¢h‘¡fe ¢c−u h¡ C¾V¡l−e−Vl j¡dÉ−jJ A−e−L hÉhp¡ Ll−Re z fËx Bf¢e ¢L j−e L−le, Bl fy¡QV¡ −fn¡l ja −k±e L¡S−LJ LÉ¡¢lu¡l Afn¡e ¢qp¡−h −eJu¡ −k−a f¡−l? Ex fËbja −k±eLjÑ£l¡ −k L¡S Ll−Re −pL¡−Sl SeÉ fË¡ç V¡L¡l −b−L LaV¡ V¡L¡ ¢h¢iæ i¡−h −h¢l−u k¡−μR, Hhw LaV¡ V¡L¡ −no fkÑ¿¹ ¢e−S−cl q¡−a l¡M−a f¡l−Re, a¡l Jf−lC ¢eiÑl Ll−h −k HV¡ LÉ¡¢lu¡l Afn¡e ¢q−p−h −eJu¡ −k−a f¡−l ¢L e¡ z ¢àa£ua HC −fn¡l fË¢a −k OªZ¡ J °hojÉj§mL BQlZ pj¡−S l−u−R a¡ f¡−ÒV −N−m A−e−L qua H¢V−L LÉ¡¢lu¡l ¢q−p−h −e−he z fËx dl¡ k¡L, Bfe¡−cl B−¾c¡m−el g−m c¡m¡m-j¡¢p, j¡Ù¹¡e-…ä¡Qœ², f¤¢mn-−a¡m¡h¡S−cl S¥m¤j

3

A−eLV¡C fËn¢ja q−u −Nm z HC AhÙÛ¡u HLSe −k±eLjÑ£ j¡ ¢L ¢e−Sl −j−ul SeÉ H −fn¡−L −h−R −e−he ? Ex HLSe −k±eLjÑ£ j¡ ¢q−p−h Bl fy¡QSe j¡−ul jaC z ¢a¢e ay¡l p¿¹¡−el SeÉ HLSe p¡d¡lZ j¡ −ki¡−h i¡h−he, ¢a¢eJ −pi¡−hC i¡h−he z Bf¢e ¢L i¡h−a f¡−le Bfe¡l −j−u f−ll h¡¢s−a ¢T-Hl L¡S h¡ −d¡f¡e£l L¡S Ll−h ? fËx HLC fËnÀ k¢c Bfe¡−L l¡M¡ qu −k, H −fn¡l ü£L«¢a q−m Bfe¡l p¿¹¡−el SeÉ ¢L Bf−e H −fn¡ −h−R −eJu¡l Lb¡ i¡h−a f¡l−he ? Ex −k±e f¢l−oh¡l f¢l¢d−L −L¡−e¡ N¢äl j−dÉ −hy−d −cJu¡ k¡u e¡ z fcÑ¡u j¡d¤l£ c£¢ra e¡Q−Re, −pV¡J −L¡−e¡ cnÑL−L −k±e f¢la«¢ç ¢c−μR z Bj¡l h¡h¡l pj−u −L¡e ¢fa¡ i¡h−a f¡l−ae e¡ −k, ay¡l −j−u j−Xm −q¡L z Bl BS, −j−u−L j−Xm °a¢l Ll¡ h¡ ¢hnÄp¤¤¾cl£ fË¢a−k¡¢Na¡u AwnNËqZ Ll¡−e¡l SeÉ j¡-h¡h¡l¡ BNË−ql p−‰C i¡h−Re z Bj¡−cl −c−n −L¡−e¡ −R−m−j−u −q¡−Vm J−uV¡−ll L¡S Ll−h Hje üfÀ −c−M e¡ z ¢L¿¹¥ ¢h−c−n HV¡ M¤h p¡d¡lZ hÉ¡f¡l z g−m HV¡ −cnL¡m −i−c f¢lh¢aÑa qu z H −fn¡u AaÉ¡Q¡−ll ¢cLV¡ L−j H−m Hhw p¡j¡¢SL ü£L«¢a −f−m HL¢ce Hje pju Bp−aC f¡−l, −k¢ce B¢jJ Bj¡l p¿¹¡−el SeÉ H −fn¡u Bp¡l Lb¡ i¡h−a f¡lh z fËx phC j¡em¡j z ah¤, H −fn¡u ApÇj¡e B−R, Apòj −a¡ B−RC ....... Ex A−e−LC i¡h−Re H −fn¡u HLV¡ j§mNa Apòj B−R z ¢L¿¹¥, HV¡ ¢WL eu z B¢j k¢c Bj¡l L¡−Sl j¡dÉ−j L¡E−L r¢a e¡ L−l Be¾c ¢cC, a¡ q−m a¡ Bj¡l ApÇj¡−el L¡lZ q−h −Le ? HLSe ¢nrL V¡L¡l ¢h¢ej−u R¡œ−L ¢nr¡ −ce z HLSe X¡š²¡l A−bÑl ¢h¢ej−u −l¡N£−L ¢Q¢Lvp¡ −ce z −aj¢e, HLSe −k±eLjÑ£J V¡L¡l ¢h¢ej−u LÓ¡−u¾V−L −k±e f¢la«¢ç ¢c−μRe z HV¡ HL dl−el f¢l−oh¡ R¡s¡ −a¡ ¢LR¥ eu z fËx Bf¢e ¢L j−e L−le, HLSe −k±eLjÑ£ j−e L−le e¡ ¢a¢e fË¢a¢ce d¢oÑa¡ q−μRe ......... Ex −k±eLjÑ£−cl −LEC j−e L−le e¡ −k ay¡l¡ d¢oÑa¡ q−μRe z E−ÒV ay¡l¡ f¢lh¡−l, h¡ pj¡−S d¢oÑa¡ q−uC HL¡−S B−p−Re z HM¡−e ay¡l¡ LÓ¡−u¾V−L e¡ Ll−a f¡−le, −S¡l −cM¡−a f¡−le, HM¡−e ay¡l HLV¡ ¢eSü S¡uN¡ B−R , −kV¡ p¡d¡lZi¡−h f¢lh¡−ll −Q±qŸ£−a b¡−L e¡ ; −pM¡−e ü¡j£ Hhw f¤l¦oj¡e¤−ol¡ LMe ¢Li¡−h −Lje −k±ep‰j Ll−he a¡l fË¡u f¤−l¡V¡C ¢eu¿»Z L−le z fËx HLV¡ Lb¡ fË¡uC fœ-f¢œL¡u −cM¡ k¡u −k, HC −k±efõ£…−m¡−L hy¡¢Q−u e¡ l¡M−m pj¡−S "de”u'−cl pwMÉ¡ −h−s k¡−h z j¡e¤−ol L¥v¢pv fËhª¢š m¡mp¡−L Q¢la¡bÑ Ll¡l SeÉ HC fõ£…−m¡l fË¡¢¿¹L j¡e¤o−cl −W−m −cJu¡ -- LaV¡ j¡e¢hL ? Ex Bjl¡ Hje Lb¡ h¢m e¡ z HV¡ Bl fy¡QV¡ −fn¡lC j−a¡ Aa¡¿¹ …l¦aÆf§ZÑ f¢l−oh¡ z Bfe¡l fË¡aÉ¢qL fË−u¡S−e h¡S¡l −b−L Q¡m ¢L−e −M−a k¢c Bf¢š e¡ b¡−L, a−h A−bÑl ¢h¢ej−u −k±ea¡l −Le¡−hQ¡u Bf¢š b¡L−h −Le ? fª¢bh£ −b−L h¡S¡−ll d¡lZ¡ k¢c E−W k¡u, a¡q−m H −fn¡ Bfe¡ −b−LC hå q−u k¡−h z fËx −kph j¢qm¡ −k±eLjÑ£ −üμR¡u HC −fn¡u B−pe, ay¡−cl a¥me¡u Qœ²¡¿¹, c¡m¡−ml Q¡f, ¢jbÉ¡ i¡−m¡h¡p¡l −V¡f J f¡¢lh¡¢lL L¡l−Z Bp¡ −k±eLjÑ£−cl −j¡V¡j¤¢V Ae¤f¡a ¢L lLj ? Ex −fË¡−Sƒ kMe öl¦ q−u¢Rm, aMe A¢eμR¡u Bp¡ j¢qm¡−cl pwMÉ¡ ¢Rm 25 na¡wn j−a¡ z1999 p¡−m c¤hÑ¡l j¢qm¡ pjeÄu L¢j¢V e£¢a ¢q−p−h ¢e−u¢Rm −k, hmf§hÑL H −fn¡u −j−u−cl Be¡ hå Ll−a q−h z A¢eμR¡u −k −j−ul¡ H −fn¡u H−p¢Rm a¡−cl−L a¡l¡ i¡l−al j¡ehLmÉ¡Z j¿»−Ll p¡q¡−kÉ ¢h¢iæ −q¡−j h¡ h¡¢s−a f¡W¡h¡l hÉhÙÛ¡ L−l z HMe ky¡l¡ B−Re ay¡−cl 1/2 na¡wn j¢qm¡ A¢eμR¡u H −fn¡u k¤š² B−Re z fËx c¤hÑ¡l −a¡ c£OÑ¢ce d−l −k±efõ£…−m¡−a L−ä¡j hÉhq¡l h¡ HXÚp pÇf−LÑ p−Qaea¡l hÉ¡f¡−l L¡S Ll−R z HC fõ£…−m¡−a HXÚ−pl q¡l HMe −Lje, h¡ Bœ²¡¿¹−cl ¢ho−u Bfe¡l¡ L£ Ll−Re ? Ex f¢ÕQjh−‰l −k±efõ£…−m¡−a HCQ. BC. ¢i-l q¡l −ØVhm q−u −N−R z L−j −N−R hm¡ k¡−h e¡, L¡lZ,

4

ky¡l¡ Bœ²¡¿¹ ay¡l¡ ka¢ce −hy−Q b¡L−he, aa¢ce −l¡N£l pwMÉ¡ HLC b¡L−h z AeÉ l¡−SÉl Lb¡ Bjl¡ hm−a f¡¢l e¡ z j¤ð¡C, q¡ucl¡h¡c-Hl ¢Qœ AeÉlLj z a¡−cl j−dÉ HCQ. BC. ¢i-l q¡l 60-70 na¡wnz Bp−m c¤hÑ¡l j¢qm¡ pjeÄu L¢j¢V −k±eLjÑ£−cl A¢dL¡l fË¢aù¡l ms¡C-Hl p−‰ HXÚp ¢h−l¡d£ B−¾c¡meV¡J HLCi¡−h L−l Q−m−R z ky¡l¡ HCQ. BC. ¢i.(+) q−μRe, a¡y−cl ú¥m Ah VÊ¢fLÉ¡m −j¢X¢pe h¡ −j¢XLÉ¡m L−m−S f¡W¡−e¡ q−μR z ¢LR¥Se−L AÉ¡¢¾V−l−VÊ¡i¡Cl¡m −bl¡¢fJ −cJu¡ q−μR z c¤hÑ¡l f¢ÕQjh−‰ p¡aQ¢õnV¡ ¢LÓ¢e−L Hy−cl ¢Q¢Lvp¡ L−l Q−m−Re z Bœ²¡¿¹l¡ H −fn¡u b¡L−he ¢Le¡, −pV¡ ¢WL Ll¡l c¡¢uaÆ Hy−cl Jf−lC −R−s −cJu¡ q−μR z Bjl¡ a¡y−cl−L HC −fn¡ −R−s AeÉ L¡−S −k¡N −cJu¡l hÉhÙÛ¡ L−l b¡¢L z ay¡−cl hª¢šj§mL ¢nr¡ −cJu¡ Hhw c¤hÑ¡l ¢euje£¢a N−s ay¡−cl pwNW−el 10 na¡ywn L¡S HCQ. BC. ¢i Bœ²¡¿¹ hÉ¢š²−cl SeÉ pwl¢ra L−l−Re z g−m Hy−cl A¢dL¡wn fË−S−ƒ L¡S L−le Hhw ¢LR¥Se ¢e−Sl h¡¢s−a ¢g−l −N−Re z p¡r¡vL¡l x X¡ . −ch¢fËu j¢õL ¢e−u−Re x n¢jÑù¡ l¡u fËx −en¡NËÙ¹−cl ¢Q¢Lvp¡ J f¤ehÑ¡pe Hhw HXpÚ −l¡N fË¢a−l¡d, −l¡N ¢Q¢Lvp¡ J −l¡N£−cl f¤ehÑ¡p−e Bf¢e c£OÑ¢ce d−l k¤š² B−Re z c¤hÑ¡l j¢qm¡ pjeÄu L¢j¢Vl p−‰ Bfe¡l pÇfLÑV¡ ¢L lLj ? Ex c¤hÑ¡−ll SeÈ −b−L B¢j B¢R z Jy−cl p−‰ pÇfLÑ Bj¡l k−bøC i¡−m¡ z fËx −k±eLjÑ£−cl nË¢jL ¢q−p−h ü£L«¢a −cJu¡l HL c¡¢h 1998 p¡m −b−L c¤hÑ¡l a¥−m d−l−R z Bf¢e ¢L HC c¡¢hl p−‰ HLja ? Ex −k±eLjÑ£−cl ¢ho−u Jy−cl −k c¡¢h…−m¡ B−R, a¡l j−dÉ AeÉaj ¢Rm Jy−cl e¡N¢lL A¢dL¡l, h¡ j¡e¤−ol ja hy¡Q¡l A¢dL¡l z Jy−cl ms¡C−ul fË¢a¢V C¢’−a B¢j ¢Rm¡j, B¢R Hhw b¡LhJ z Hyl¡ −a¡ je¤−oÉal −L¡−e¡ fË¡Z£ eu z j¡e¤o ¢q−p−h piÉ SN−a −k pjÙ¹ A¢dL¡l −i¡N Ll¡l Lb¡, −kje h¡μQ¡−cl ú¥−m L−m−S fs¡−e¡l A¢dL¡l h¡ hÉ¡ˆ AÉ¡L¡E¾V ¢e−Sl e¡−j −M¡m¡l A¢dL¡l , Hyl¡ ms¡C L−lC ASÑe L−l−Re z Bj¡−cl −c−n −a¡ A−eL dl−el jS¡l OVe¡ O−V -- −kje dl¦e, Hyl¡ k¢c −L¡−e¡ qm i¡s¡ L−l Ae¤ù¡e Ll−a k¡e, a¡q−m −hn ¢LR¥ qm B−R, k¡l¡ Hy−cl i¡s¡ −c−h e¡ z AbQ, HC ph q−m −c−nl Lm¢ˆaaj l¡S°e¢aL −ea¡ - ky¡−cl e¡−j SeN−Zl −L¡¢V −L¡¢V V¡L¡ Q¥¢ll A¢i−k¡N B−R, ay¡l¡J h¡d¡ f¡e e¡ z −a¡, HC dl−el fË¢ahåLa¡l ¢hl¦−ÜJ ay¡l¡ A¢dL¡l ASÑ−el pwNË¡−j −e−j−Re z a¡R¡s¡ h¡¢sJu¡¢m, jÙ¹¡e, f¤¢m−pl ¢hl¦−Ü Jyl¡ −k ms¡C Q¡m¡e, a¡ Jy−cl °ce¢¾ce S£h−el ms¡C, −hy−Q b¡L¡l A¢dL¡−ll ms¡C z Hph ms¡C −k ay¡l¡ −L¡−e¡ l¡S°e¢aL ¢cn¡ −b−L Ll−Re a¡ eu, Ll−Re −hy−Q b¡L¡l SeÉC z −j−u−cl Ef−l Hj¢e−aC Q¡l f¡q¡−sl −n¡oZ z HC −j−ul¡ a¡l h¡C−l ee z −k −j−u¢V HC −fn¡u Y¥−L f−s−R , a¡l fË¢ah¡c fË¢a−l¡−dl S¡uN¡V¡−L B¢j pjbÑe L¢l z fËx ¢L¿¹¥ "c¤hÑ¡l' −a¡ −fn¡V¡−L ¢V¢L−u l¡M¡l f−r ............ Ex −cM¤e, k¡l¡ −k c¡¢h −a¡−m, a¡ a¡−cl l¡S°e¢aL ¢Q¿¹¡i¡he¡ −b−LC −a¡−mz c¡¢h −a¡m¡l A¢dL¡−l −a¡ qÙ¹−rf Ll¡ k¡u e¡ z HMe Bf¢e k¢c c¤hÑ¡−ll −j−u−cl C¾V¡l¢iE L−le a¡q−m qu−a¡ −cM−he, Jyl¡ i¡h−Re Jyl¡ −hy−Q b¡L¡l A¢dL¡l ¢g−l f¡−he, H S£he −b−L j¤¢š² f¡−he z ¢L¿¹¥, H d¡lZ¡ H−Lh¡−lC p¢WL eu z k¢cJ H ¢e−u ¢h¢iæ cª¢øi‰£ B−R, ¢L¿¹¥ Hy−cl j¤¢š²l HLj¡œ l¡Ù¹¡ q−μR hÙ¹¥h¡c£ cnÑ−el B−m¡u j¡LÑph¡c£ −m¢eeh¡c£ J j¡J −p a¥w ¢Q¿¹¡d¡l¡u −k pj¡Sa¡¢¿»L l¡øÊ °a¢l q−u¢Rm, ay¡−cl −cM¡−e¡ f−b ; HLj¡œ −pM¡−eC ay¡l¡ HC pjpÉ¡−L ¢eMy¥a Hhw °h‘¡¢eL cª¢øi¢‰ ¢c−u pj¡d¡e L−l¢R−me z ¢Q−e j¤¢š²k¤−Ül B−N p¡wq¡C−a cn mr −j−u −cqhÉhp¡u k¤š² ¢Rm z ¢Q−el j¤¢š²l f−l p¡wq¡C nq−ll HCph −j−ul¡ ¢L¿¹¥ pj¡−Sl j§m−pË¡−a ¢g−l H−p pj¡Sa¡¢¿»L l¡øÊ °a¢l Ll¡l L¡−S AwnNËqZ L−l¢Rm z fª¢bh£l pj¡S ¢hhaÑ−el C¢aq¡p…−m¡ −cM−m −cM¡ k¡−h p¡jË¡SÉh¡c£ −cn…¢m−a ¢LR¥ −m¡L HC ¢hou ¢e−u e¡e¡lLj Lb¡h¡aÑ¡ hm−R, h¡

5

e¡e¡i¡−h L−l M¡−μR z X¡. −hb¤−el Lb¡u H−cl L¡S qm L¡−Wl f¡−u fÔ¡ØV¡l −cJu¡l jaz BS fkÑ¿¹ fª¢bh£l C¢aq¡−p p¡jË¡SÉh¡c£ h¡ Bj¡−cl ja −cn…¢m −L¡e¢ceC HC pjpÉ¡l pj¡d¡e Ll−a f¡−l¢e, h¡ f¡l−h e¡, HV¡ fËj¡¢Za z Efl¿¹¥, ¢i−uae¡j k¤−Ü B−j¢lL¡e °peÉ−cl j−e¡l”−el SeÉ Jl¡ HC −j−u−cl f¡¢W−u−R z p¡jË¡SÉh¡c£l¡C −a¡ a¡−cl L¡mQ¡−l ¢é −p−„l Bjc¡¢e L−l−R z J−cl l−š²l j−dÉ l−u−R Hph z Jl¡ H hÉhÙÛ¡ hå Ll−a k¡−h −L¡e c¤x−M ! HLj¡œ ØVÉ¡¢me J j¡J −p a¥w pj¡Sa¡¢¿»L f¤eNÑW−el pju Hy−cl A−dÑL BL¡−nl jkÑ¡c¡ ¢c−u−Re z Bl AeÉ k¡ ¢LR¥ L¡S q−μR, a¡ −b¡s-h¢s-M¡s¡ R¡s¡ Bl ¢LR¥ eu z fËx ¢L¿¹¥ H dl−el c¡¢hl −Q−u −fn¡l ü£L«¢a h¡ m¡C−p−¾pl c¡¢hC −a¡ −n¡e¡ k¡−μR ........ Ex −cM¤e, −k −j−u¢V hm−Re −fn¡l m¡C−p¾p −f−mC ¢a¢e j¤¢š² f¡−he, HLb¡ ¢a¢e ¢e−S hm−Re e¡, HV¡ −LE a¡y−L ¢n¢M−u ¢c−u−R z l¡øÊL¡W¡−j¡l j¤¢š²l p¡−b Hy−cl j¤¢š² S¢s−u B−R z HC f¢l×L¡l Lb¡V¡ Jy−cl j¡b¡u −Y¡L¡−a q−h z Structure e¡ f¡ÒV¡−m superstructure f¡ÒV¡−h e¡ z Bf¢e Bj¡u hm¤e, HLV¡ −L¡-Af¡−l¢Vi Ll−mC Jyl¡ j¤¢š² −f−u k¡−he, e¡¢L Jy−cl h¡μQ¡−cl −q¡j L−l ¢c−mC a¡yl¡ j¡b¡ EyQ¥ L−l c¡ys¡−a f¡l−he ? fËx phC −a¡ h¤Tm¡j z Jy−cl −h¡T¡h¡l HC c¡uV¡ a¡q−m L¡l ? −kM¡−e Jy−cl c¤iÑ¡NÉ−L j§mde L−l A−e−LC L−l M¡−μR ....... Ex H c¡uV¡ H−Lh¡−lC ky¡l¡ j¡LÑph¡c£ −m¢eeh¡c£ J j¡J −p a¥w-Hl ¢Q¿¹i¡he¡l fË−u¡−N ¢hnÄ¡p L−le, ay¡−cl z B¢j −a¡ HLSe X¡š²¡l z j¡J −p a¥w ¢n¢M−u−Re, −l¡N Bl −l¡N£ c¤−V¡ Bm¡c¡ z Bj¡−cl L¡S −l¡N−L p¡¢l−u −l¡N£−L hy¡Q¡−e¡ z Hy−cl −fn¡V¡C −a¡ pj¡−Sl cNc−N −l¡−Nl ¢Qq² hqe Ll−R z −a¡ a¡−L −N±lh¡¢eÄa L−l k¡l¡ i¡h−R Hy−cl j¤¢š² Bp−h a¡l¡ pÇfZ̈Ñ −h¢WL ¢Q¿¹¡ Ll−R z H −fn¡−L −L¡−e¡i¡−hC −N±lh¡¢eÄa Ll¡ k¡u e¡ z Bj¡−cl j−dÉ ky¡l¡ Lj¤É¢eØV f¡¢VÑl p−‰ k¤š² B−Re, ky¡l¡ l¡Se£¢aNai¡−h p−Qae, ay¡−cl E¢Qa pj¡Sa¡¢¿»L pj¡S NW−e BaÈ¢e−u¡N Ll¡ z Hy−cl j¤¢š²l ms¡C−u HL Hhw HLj¡œ fb HV¡C z −fn¡−L BC¢e ü£L«¢a ¢c−u, decriminalise L−l −L¡−e¡¢ce Hy−cl j¤¢š² B−p¢e, fª¢bh£l −L¡e l¡øÊe¡uL Hje c¡¢h Ll−a f¡l−h e¡ z −k −m¡LV¡ B−j¢lL¡u h−p hs hs Lb¡ hm−R -- JC p¡jË¡SÉh¡c£−cl f¡ä¡, h¤n, Jl¡ J−cl f¢hœ −q¡u¡CV q¡E−pl Ji¡m l¦−jl OlV¡C hÉhq¡l L−l¢Rm HC LjÑL¡−äl SeÉ z p¤¤lr¡l p−hÑ¡μQ −Ol¡−V¡−fl j−dÉ h−pC ¢hm ¢LÓ¾Ve j¢eL¡ ¢mEe¢úl p−‰ eÉ‚¡lSeL L¡SLjÑ L−l¢Rmz Hje OVe¡ k¡l¡ OV¡u, a¡l¡ −L¡eÚ A¢dL¡−l H −fn¡l ¢h−m¡f Q¡C−h ? fËx k¡l¡ a¡q−m B−¾c¡m−el SeÉ Hy−cl pwN¢Wa Ll−R, a¡l¡ Bp−m L¡−cl ü¡bÑ Q¢la¡bÑ Ll−R ? H−cl A−e−LC HLc¡ j¡LÑp −m¢ee j¡J-Hl l¡Se£¢a−a ¢hnÄ¡p£ ....... Ex öe¤e, Hy−cl BlJ A−eL −h¢n fs¡öe¡ Ll¡ clL¡l z −lXh¤−Ll "AdÉue' AdÉ¡−u j¡J h−m−Re -"¢LR¥ ¢LR¥ −m¡L L−uLM¡e¡ j¡LÑph¡c£ f¤Ù¹L f−s−Re −a¡ ¢e−S−cl jÙ¹ f¢äa W¡Jl¡e, ¢L¿¹¥ ay¡l¡ k¡ f−s−Re a¡' ay¡−cl j¡b¡u −Y¡−L¢e Hhw jN−Sl j−dÉ ¢nLs −N−s h−p¢e, a¡C ay¡l¡ a¡' hÉhq¡l Ll−a S¡−ee e¡, ........z B−l¡ ¢LR¥ pwMÉL −m¡L iu¡eL AqwL¡l£ Hhw L−uL¢V −La¡h£ h¤¢m−a ¢n¢ra q−u ¢e−S−cl−L phS¡¿¹¡ j−e L−le, −mS g¥¢m−u BL¡−n a¥−m d−le,......z' HC −m¡L…¢m j¡LÑph¡c AdÉue L−le¢e, Hhw HC pÇf−LÑ pj¡Sa¡¢¿»L −c−nl −j−u−cl j¤¢š²l ms¡C−ul C¢aq¡−pl A-B-L-M fkÑ¿¹ S¡−ee e¡ z Bj¡l j−e qu, Be¡−L −mM¡ −m¢e−el ¢Q¢W H hÉ¡f¡−l k−bø B−m¡Lf¡a Ll−a f¡−l z fËx Hl f−lJ c¤hÑ¡−ll p−‰ B−Re Bf¢e z Bfe¡l AhÙÛ¡eV¡ JM¡−e ¢LlLj ? Ex c¤hÑ¡−ll −j−u−cl fË¢a¢ceL¡l ms¡C−u Jy−cl O¢eùaj hå¥l e¡j X¡. −ch¢fËu j¢õL z ¢L¿¹¥ J−cl j¤¢š² pwœ²¡¿¹ fË−nÀ HV¡ Bj¡l ja¡cnÑNa f¡bÑLÉ z j¡e¤−ol pqS¡a fËhª¢š Ae¤k¡u£ j¡e¤o AeÉ¡u AaÉ¡Q¡−ll ¢hl¦−Ü cy¡s¡u z −pC S¡uN¡ −b−L B¢j Hy−cl f¡−n B¢R z

6

fËx Bf¢e −a¡ Jy−cl L¡−Rl hå¥ z öi¡L¡´M£ z J−cl j¤¢š²l SeÉ ¢LR¥ i¡−he ? Ex −cM¤e, ky¡−cl p−‰ ja¡cnÑNa à¾à q−μR, ay¡−cl p−‰ L¡S Ll¡ Qm−a f¡−l, ¢L¿¹¥ B−f¡o Ll¡ Q−m e¡ z Øjl¢Svl¡ Jy−cl SeÉ −L¡-Af¡−l¢Vi L−l−Re h¡ h¡μQ¡−cl SeÉ −q¡j L−l ¢c−u−Re , H −a¡ ¢e:p−¾c−q i¡−m¡ E−cÉ¡N z Bl BS −k −VÊX m¡C−p−¾pl fËnÀ EW−R, −pM¡−e −a¡ fª¢bh£l C¢aq¡p −b−L fËj¡¢Za abÉV¡ Bfe¡−L h−mC¢R, Hl −L¡−e¡ LXÑ m¡Ce qu e¡ z a¡R¡s¡ LjÑp§−œ Jy−cl p−‰ M¤h HLV¡ pw¢nÔø eC z Jy−cl p−‰ HXÚp c§l£Ll−Zl ¢ho−u L¡S Ll−a ¢N−u Bj¡l −k¡N z HC L¡SV¡C Jy−cl−L B−¾c¡m−el p¡j−el p¡¢l−a H−e−R z a¡lfl L¡S Ll−a Ll−a Jyl¡ empowerment -Hl ašÄV¡ q¡¢Sl L−le ......... z i¡lah−oÑl −j−u−cl Jfl −k f¡q¡−sl −n¡oZ S¡¢l l−u−R, a¡ −L¡−e¡ k¡c¤j−¿» E−W k¡h¡l eu z HLV¡ c£OÑÙÛ¡u£ pwNË¡j fË−u¡Se Hl SeÉ z −L¡−e¡ HL p¤¤¾cl pL¡−m Bf¢e E−W −cM−me −p¡e¡N¡¢Rl ph −j−u−cl Efl −b−L −n¡oZ E−W −N−R, hÉ¡f¡lV¡ HlLj eu −j¡−VC z HV¡ −n¡oZj¤¢š²l C¢aq¡p−LJ j¡eÉ L−l e¡ z H−Lh¡−lC LÒfLb¡ z NÒfV¡ HjeC, j¡p£l k¢c −N¡yg NS¡u a¡q−m j¡p£−L j¡j¡ hm¡ k¡−h ¢L e¡ -- −aj¢e empowerment q−m −p¡e¡N¡¢Rl −j−u−cl Jfl −b−L AaÉ¡Q¡l L−j k¡−h ¢Le¡ HLC dl−el hÉ¡f¡l z c¤hÑ¡−ll −j−ul¡ −a¡ Bl BL¡n −b−L f−se¢e, ay¡l¡ Bj¡l h¡¢sl −h¡e, h¡ Bj¡lC NË¡−jl −j−u z Bp−m empowerment hÉ¡f¡lV¡−L −h¡T¡−a HLV¡ NÒf h¢m z HLSe−L Bf¢e f¡−u ¢nLm ¢c−u −R¡V HLV¡ O−l −hy−d −l−M−Re z −p fËQ¥l −QyQ¡−j¢Q Llm h−m Bf¢e −nLmV¡ M¤−m h−m ¢c−me, a¥¢j HC Ol Bl h¡l¡¾c¡l h¡C−l −L¡b¡J −k−a f¡l−h e¡ z AbÑ¡v, −n¡oZ HLC lLj hS¡u b¡L−h, öd¤ HLV¥ R¡s −cJu¡ qm z a¡−a −r¡iV¡J HLV¥ Ljm z HV¡ HLV¡ Q¡m z Bpm empowerment −pV¡C, −k¢ce Jy−cl p−‰ Ly¡−d Ly¡d ¢j¢m−u Bjl¡ ms−a −f−l¢Rm¡j z BS HC −j−u−cl L¡−R −k empowerment- Hl NÒf hm¡ q−μR a¡ c¤−dl hc−m ¢fV¥¢m −N¡m¡ M¡Ju¡−e¡l NÒf z p¡r¡vL¡l x ap¢mj¡ e¡p¢le ¢e−u−Re x n¢jÑù¡ l¡u fËx BSL¡m A−bÑl ¢h¢ej−u −k±e −fn¡u ky¡l¡ k¤š² ay¡l¡ ü£L«¢al c¡¢h−a pwN¢Wa q−μRe z H ¢ho−u Bf¢e ¢L h−me ? Ex −fn¡l ü£L«¢a ! −pV¡ −L −c−h ? plL¡−ll L¡−R ü£L«a h¡ ü£L«a eu Hje −fn¡l −L¡−e¡ ¢mØV B−R e¡¢L ? e¡¢L ü£L«¢a c¡−el SeÉ c¡¢uaÆfË¡ç −LE B−Re ? HV¡ HLV¡ vague term, e¢bhÜ AhÙÛ¡u −L¡b¡J ¢LR¥ −eC z H−c−n S¡¢a−icfËb¡ B−R z −jb−ll −fn¡J Ah‘¡a qu −L¡−e¡ −nËZ£l L¡−R, ah¤ H −fn¡ f¤l¦o h¡ e¡l£ L¡−l¡ HL¡l SeÉ ¢e¢cÑø eu z ¢L¿¹¥ fË¢ØV¢VEne hý k¤N d−l e¡l£l SeÉC ¢e¢cÑø z c¡¢l−âÉl L¡l−Z e¡l£−L ¢nL¡l h¡¢e−u H −fn¡ f¤l¦oa¡¢¿»L pj¡−Sl L¥v¢paaj l©f−LC fËLV L−l z H pj¡−S e¡l£ −k −i¡NÉhÙ¹¥ J pÇf¢š ¢q−p−hC HMeJ hÉhq©a qu, a¡l Qlj fËL¡n HC −fn¡−L ¢SC−u l¡M¡l SeÉ Ha Evp¡q z e¡l£ ka¢ce ü¢eiÑl e¡ q−h, ka¢ce f¤l¦o J e¡l£ Ei−ulC pjjkÑ¡c¡ pj¡−S fË¢a¢ùa e¡ q−h, aa¢ceC fË¢ØV¢VEne b¡L−h pj¡−S z c¡¢l−âÉl ¢nL¡l −a¡ f¤l¦oJ z ¢L¿¹¥ f¤l¦o−L −a¡ HL¡l−Z HC −fn¡ −h−R ¢e−a qu e¡ z fËx ¢L¿¹¥, HC −fn¡S£h£l¡ −a¡ ay¡−cl B−¾c¡m−el j¡dÉ−j j¡e¤−ol ¢Q¿¹¡l N¢aj¤M O¤¢l−uJ ¢c−a f¡−le z Hje ¢ce Bp−aC f¡−l, −k¢ce HC −fn¡ pÇf−LÑ j¡e¤−ol AnËÜ¡ L−j Bp−h ......... Ex H −fn¡−L nËÜ¡ Ll¡l ¢L B−R ? −j−ul¡ f¤l¦−ol m¡mp¡l ¢nL¡l q−h Bl −pV¡−L ü£L«¢a ¢c−u nËÜ¡ S¡e¡−a q−h , H −Lje Lb¡ ? HV¡ fª¢bh£l B¢cjaj, OªZÉaj −fn¡ z a¡R¡s¡ ü£L«¢al ¢houV¡ AeÉ i¡−hJ −cM¡ k¡u z HC pj¡−Sl f¤l¦ol¡C −p¡e¡N¡¢R−a k¡u z a¡l¡C −a¡ ü£L«¢a ¢c−μR z hý fË¡Q£eL¡m −b−L z Bfe¡l ja HLSe p¡wh¡¢cL−L Aü£L¡l Ll¡ k¡u, HLSe AeÉ −fn¡S£h£l L¡S−L Aü£L¡l Ll¡ k¡u, ¢L¿¹¥ −p¡e¡N¡¢R−L −LE Aü£L¡l Ll−a f¡l−h e¡ z LÓ¡−u¾Vl¡ S¡−e, JM¡−e −N−m e¡l£ nl£l f¡Ju¡ k¡−hC z ea¥e L−l Bl −L¡e

7

ü£L«¢a Q¡u Jl¡ ? −fn¡ ¢q−p−h Ha −h¢n ¢ce d−l Ha üL«¢a Bl −L¡e −fn¡ f¡u¢e z hý −fn¡ pj−ul fËh¡−q ¢hm¤ç q−u k¡u z ¢L¿¹¥ HV¡ ¢hm¤ç qu¢e z L¡lZ, ka¢ce f¤l¦oa¿» b¡L−h, aa¢ce H −fn¡ b¡L−h z ¢L¿¹¥ Bjl¡ f¤l¦oa¿»−L Bl −h¢n¢ce ¢Vy−L b¡L−a −c−h¡ e¡ z fËx Jyl¡ −a¡ nË¢j−Ll jkÑ¡c¡ Q¡C−Re z Bf¢e ¢L H c¡¢h k¤¢š²k¤š² j−e Ll−Re e¡ ? Ex L¡l L¡−R Q¡C−R Jyl¡ nË¢j−Ll jkÑ¡c¡ ? Hl¡ ¢e−S−cl kaC nË¢jL h−m c¡¢h Ll¦L pj¡S S¡−e Hl¡ −hnÉ¡l L¡SC Ll−R z aLÚj¡ hcm¡−mC ¢L f¢lhaÑe O−V k¡−h ? −jb−ll L¡S−L S¡¢a−ic¡¢nËa pj¡S nËÜ¡l −Q¡−M e¡ −cM−mJ −pV¡ nË¢j−Ll L¡S z ¢L¿¹¥ −hnÉ¡hª¢šl LMeJ HlLj hÉ¡MÉ¡ q−a f¡−l e¡ z fËx Bfe¡l ¢L j−e qu, BC¢e ü£L«¢a −f−m H−cl Jfl AaÉ¡Q¡l Lj−h ? Ex Bjl¡ ¢L CE−V¡¢fu¡l ü−NÑ h¡p Ll¢R e¡¢L ? a−h ü£L«¢a −f−m HLV¡ r¢a q−h z fËQ¥l −j−u c¡¢l−âÉl L¡l−Z B−l¡ −h¢n L−l H −fn¡u Bp−h z −k −L¡−e¡i¡−hC H −fn¡−L ¢Vy¢L−u l¡M¡ h¡ −NÔ¡¢lg¡C Ll¡l ¢hl¦−Ü B¢j z p−Qae e¡l£ f¤l¦o kMe HC r−al ¢hl¦−Ü ms¡C Ll−R, aMe HC SOeÉ ¢hou−L ü£L«¢a −cJu¡ LMeC pñh eu z fËx B−¾c¡me−L −a¡ pjbÑe L−le e¡ h¤Tm¡j, ¢L¿¹¥ HC ph pj¡S f¢laÉš² phÑq¡l¡ fË¡¢¿¹L j¡e¤o−cl f¤ehÑ¡p−el Lb¡ ¢LR¥ i¡−he ? Ex H ¢ho−u l¡−øÊl qÙ¹−rf fË−u¡Se z ¢h¢iæ −pƒ−l H−cl involve L−l kb¡kb f¤ehÑ¡p−el hÉhÙÛ¡ Ll¡ E¢Qa z vocational training-Hl hÉhÙÛ¡ L−l J AeÉ¡eÉ pñ¡hÉ L¡SLjÑ ¢n¢M−u HC ¢hn¡m j¡ehpÇfc−L hÉhq¡l Ll¡ E¢Qa l¡−øÊl z p¡r¡vL¡l x p¤¤S¡a iâ ¢e−u−Re x n¢jÑù¡ l¡u fËx −hnÉ¡ −b−L −k±eLjÑ£ z HC f¢lhaÑe ¢L Bfe¡l p¡j¡¢SL EšlZ h−m j−e qu ? Ex −k±eLjÑ£ në¢V ea¥e z Hl HLV¡ p¡j¡¢SL −fËr¡fV B−R z H−L B−N −hnÉ¡hª¢š h¡ f¢aa¡hª¢š hm¡ qa z Hl¡ ¢e−S−cl LjÑ£−a l©f¡¿¹¢la L−l−R z −hnÉ¡hª¢šl j−dÉ HLV¡ p¡j¡¢SL OªZ¡ k¤š² ¢Rm z −k±eLjÑ£ në¢Vl j−dÉ p¡j¡¢SL jkÑ¡c¡ h¡ −fn¡−L pÇj¡e −cJu¡l A¢ihÉ¢š² B−R z HV¡ Bn¡hÉ”L z fËx Bfe¡l ¢L j−e qu, e¡−jl HC f¢lhaÑe HC fË¡¢¿¹L j¡e¤o−cl fË¢a p¡j¡¢SL cª¢øi¢‰−a −L¡−e¡ f¢lhaÑe Be−h ? Ex Bjl¡ k¢c M¤h a¡¢šÄL i¡−h −c¢M a¡q−m HV¡ −cM¡ k¡u, hý ¢LR¥ ¢S¢ep B−R k¡ BC−el ü£L«¢a −f−mJ, a¡l h¡Ù¹¢hL pjpÉ¡l −L¡−e¡ pj¡d¡e qu¢e z ¢àa£ua, e¡l£h¡c£ B−¾c¡m−el cª¢øi¢‰ −b−L h¡ pja¡l fË−nÀ −k±ea¡−L fZÉ fË¢afæ Ll¡l ¢hl¦−Ü B¢j z HV¡ f¤l¦oa¡¢¿»L pj¡−S f¤l¦−ol −i¡−Nl hÙ¹¥ ¢q−p−h e¡l£−L −cM¡ z HV¡ ¢hL«a L¡je¡l gpm hm−a f¡−le z H−cl c¡¢h HL A−bÑ f¤l¦oa¡¢¿»L pj¡S−L BO¡a L−l−R z Hl¡ pwp¡l p¿¹¡e fË¢af¡me L−lJ AeÉ f¤l¦−ol m¡mp¡ −jV¡−h z Bl e¡−jl fËhaÑe h¡ BC¢e ü£L«¢a H−cl AhÙÛ¡l −L¡−e¡ f¢lhaÑe OV¡−a f¡−l e¡ z H −fn¡u −j−u−cl −S¡l L−l Be¡ qu z ü¡d£e CμR¡u H −fn¡u Bp−a h¡ "¢e¢oÜ fõ£'−a b¡L−a −LE Q¡u h−m Bj¡l d¡lZ¡ −eC z HC L¡l−Z, c¤hÑ¡l-Hl −fË¡−S−ƒ p¡q¡kÉL¡¢l hý hå¥l L¡R −b−LJ ö−e¢R −k, −k pjÙ¹ −k±eLjÑ£−L pL¡m−hm¡ fs¡−e¡ qa, a¡l¡J HC −fn¡u ü¡d£e CμR¡u b¡L¡l SeÉ −L¡−e¡ ja fËL¡n L−l¢e z Hje¢L, a¡−cl LeÉ¡−cl HC −fn¡u ¢e−u Bp¡lJ −L¡−e¡ h¡pe¡ −f¡oZ L−l¢e z ¢L¿¹¥ k¢c fËnÀV¡ HCi¡−h B−p -- ""¢e¢oÜ fõ£'' B−R, "œ¥¢Vk¤š² ¢fV¡' BCe B−R, c¡m¡m, BsL¡¢W, f¤¢mp, j¡p£−cl AaÉ¡Q¡l B−R, −p−r−œ

8

−k±eLjÑ£l¡ k¢c fË¢ah¡−c pwN¢Wa qu, Hhw HCph p¿»¡−pl ¢hl¦−Ü p−Qaei¡−h B−¾c¡me N−s −a¡−m, a¡−a Bf¢šl −L¡−e¡ L¡lZ −eC z hlw, a¡−a f§ZÑ pjbÑe Ll¡C E¢Qa Bj¡−cl z a¡−cl p¿¹¡e−cl p¡j¡¢SL ü£L«¢aJ jkÑ¡c¡l −Q¡−M −cM¡ E¢Qa z OªZ¡l −Q¡−M eu z j¡'−LC A¢ii¡hL ¢q−p−h ú¥m L−mS J AeÉ¡eÉ fË¢aù¡−e ü£L¡l L−l −eJu¡ E¢Qa z HLC p−‰ −S¡l Shlc¢Ù¹l j¡dÉ−j −j−u f¡Q¡l L−l HC −fn¡u Be¡−L ¢h−l¡¢da¡ Ll¡ E¢Qa z HC −fn¡ −b−L j¤š² L−l pj¡−Sl j§m−pË¡−a ¢g¢l−u ¢e−u k¡Ju¡l ph dl−el p¤¤−k¡N Ll¡ E¢Qa z a¡l SeÉ l¡øÊ−L Q¡f −cJu¡ E¢Qa z −k±eLjÑ£ J a¡−cl p¿¹¡e−cl −mM¡fs¡ Hhw AeÉ¡eÉ q¡−al L¡S −nM¡−e¡J HC L¡l−Z Sl¦l£, k¡−a a¡l¡ AeÉ −fn¡u −k−a f¡−l z HL¢V B−m¡Qe¡u c¤hÑ¡−ll p−‰ k¤š² −k±eLjÑ£l¡ S¡e¡−me, ay¡−cl −R−m−j−ul¡ k¡−a i¡−m¡i¡−h hy¡Q−a f¡−l a¡l SeÉ "c¤hÑ¡l' e¡e¡ p¤¤−k¡N °a¢l L−l−R k¡−a HC −fn¡u −b−LJ −k±eLjÑ£ J a¡y−cl p¿¹¡−el¡ pj¡−S i¡−m¡i¡−h hy¡Q−a f¡−le z a−h B¢j LM−e¡C H −fn¡l BC¢e ü£L«¢al f−r eC z L¡lZ B¢j Hje Aj¡e¢hL −fn¡−L ¢V¢L−u l¡M¡l frf¡a£ eC z −Lhm, k¤N k¤N d−l HC fË¡¢¿¹L j¡e¤o−cl Jf−l Q−m Bp¡ AaÉ¡Q¡l, p¿»¡p J −n¡o−Zl ¢hl¦−Ü a¡−cl −hy−Q b¡L¡l ms¡C J p¡j¡¢SL p¤¤lr¡l c¡¢h−L f§ZÑi¡−h pjbÑe L¢l z f¡n¡f¡¢n HC −fn¡ −b−L p−l H−p p¡j¡¢SL p¤¤¢hd¡ J p¤¤−k¡N pª¢ø L−l a¡−cl p¿¹¡e−cl AeÉ e¡N¢l−Ll ja pjjkÑ¡c¡u fË¢aù¡ Ll¡l f−r B¢j z fËx −fn¡ BC¢e ü£L«¢a −f−m Bp−m p¤¤¢hd¡V¡ L¡l¡ f¡−h h−m Bfe¡l j−e qu ? Ex H −fn¡ BC¢e ü£L«¢a −f−mJ −L¡−e¡ −j−u −üμR¡u HL¡S−L −fn¡ ¢q−p−h −L¡e¢ceJ −e−h e¡ z −p−qa¥ BsL¡¢W, c¡m¡m, −j−u f¡Q¡lL¡l£ b¡L−hC z Shlc¢Ù¹ L−lC −j−u−cl Be¡ q−h z g−m cje-f£s−el k¡ha£u EfLlZ −k±efõ£−a b¡L−hCz Bl BC¢e ü£L«¢a −f−m ph−Q−u EfL«a q−h c¡m¡m-BsL¡¢W-jÙ¹¡e h¡¢qe£ z −k pj¡S HMeJ e¡l£−LC p¢WL jkÑ¡c¡ ¢c−a −n−M¢e, BC¢e ü£L«¢a −f−m HC fË¢¿¹L e¡l£−cl f§Se£u¡ h−m NZÉ Ll−h h¡ a¡l¡ p¡j¡¢SL p¤¤lr¡ h¡ ¢Q¢Lvp¡l p¤¤−k¡N −f−u k¡−h, Hje LÒfe¡ ¢ch¡üfÀ −cM¡lC p¡¢jm z

9

A¢ija x lj¡L¡¿¹ Qœ²haÑ£ N¢ZL¡hª¢šl eÉ¡kÉ ü£L«¢a h¡ djÑÉ Ae¤−j¡ce

−L±¢V−mÉl "AbÑn¡Ù»'-H N¢ZL¡ djÑÉ (legal) Ae¤−j¡ce −f−u¢Rm z H ¢ho−u −k abÉ B−R, a¡l pw¢rçp¡l HC l©f x Providing sexual entertainment to the public using prostitutes (Ganika) was an activity not only strictly controlled by the State but also one which was, for the most part, carried on by state-owned establishments. Women who lived by their beauty (Rupajiva>) could entertain men as independent practitioners ..... The emphasis in the Arthasastra is on collection of revenue. The state enabled the setting up of establishments with lumpsum grants of 1000 panas to the head courtesan and 500 panas to her deputy, presumably to enable them to buy jewellery, furnishings, musical instruments and other tools of their trade. The madam ..... had to render all accounts and it was the duty of the Chief Controller of Entertainment to ensure that the net income was not reduced by her extravagance. Independent prostitutes ..... who were not required to produce detailed accounts, had to pay a tax of one-sixth of thier income. In times of financial distress both groups had to produce extra revenue with the independent having to pay half their earnings as tax. [Kautilya, The Arthasastra, ed. LN Rangarajan, Penguin Books, New Delhi, 1992, p.63] −L±¢VmÉ-L¢ba l¡øÊhÉhÙÛ¡ phÑ¡aÈL Hhw ¢ejÑj −n¡o−Zl Ef−l fË¢a¢ùa z HM¡−e l¡øÊü¡−bÑ N¢ZL¡hª¢š HL¢V l¡øÊ£u hÉhÙÛ¡, Hhw djÑÉ (Legal)z "jªμRL¢VL'-Hl e¡¢uL¡ hp¿¹−pe¡ HL p¡dÆ£ N¢ZL¡, Hhw AhnÉC ay¡l −fn¡ djÑÉ z pwú«a −nÔ¡−Ll Awn "¢àSeªN¢ZL¡f¤×fj¡m¡', HphC pjªÜ l¡Spi¡l Af¢lq¡kÑ A‰ z …çhwn£u pjË¡V−cl pj−u l¢Qa "Qa¥iÑ¡e£'-−a h¢ZÑa, f¡V¢mf¤−œ Hhw E‹¢ue£−a Ah¢ÙÛa N¢ZL¡mu p¤¤−n¡¢ia, p¤¤¢hÙ¹«a, EcÉ¡e-pj¢eÄa, AaÉ¿¹ pjªÜ z AbÑ¡v N¢ZL¡hª¢š fËd¡ea de£ A¢iS¡ahNÑ à¡l¡ −f¡¢oa Hhw AaHh, AdÑ-¢gEX¡m l¡øÊ à¡l¡ pj¢bÑa z Hph abÉ ¢hQ¡l L−l AhnÉC hm¡ k¡u −k, i¡l−a N¢ZL¡hª¢šl djÑÉ Ae¤−j¡c−el fË¡Q£e ¢ecnÑe B−R z pa£c¡−ql, −L±m£eÉ fËb¡l, N‰¡p¡N−l p¿¹¡e ¢hpSÑe −cJu¡lJ hý fË¡N¡d¤¢eL ¢ecnÑe B−R z fË¡N¡d¤¢eL I¢aqÉ j¡eÉ q−h L£ e¡ - HV¡C −a¡ −j±m fËnÀ z HMe −LE −LE −p¡e¡N¡¢R h¡ q¡sL¡V¡−L djÑÉ Ae¤−j¡ce −cJu¡l SeÉ B−¾c¡me Ll−Re z N¢ZL¡−L hm¡ q−μR −k±eLjÑ£ z LjÑ¡¢dL¡l i¡l−al n¡pea¿» pÇja, AaHh djÑÉ z H ¢ho−u ¢pÜ¡¿¹ AcÉ¡h¢d AØfø z B¢j N¢ZL¡hª¢šl A¿¹¢eÑ¢qa h’e¡, jq¡c¤xM, NÔ¡¢e, iu¡eL −n¡oZ, HL Lb¡u N¢ZL¡hª¢šl k¡ha£u Aj¡e¢hL Ae¤o‰, k¡ha£u ¢ecÑu, ¢ejÑj Ap¤¤¾cl j¡œ¡, ¢LR¥V¡ Ae¤j¡e Ll−a f¡¢l z −pC j¢qm¡−cl jq¡c¤xM ¢LR¥V¡ Ae¤ih Ll−a f¡¢l z ¢L¿¹¥ fËnÀ, HC ¢h−no hª¢š−L djÑÉ (legal) Ae¤−j¡ce ¢c−mC ¢L HC j¢qm¡−cl c¤xpq S£hek¿»Z¡l Ahp¡e q−h ? …ä¡, c¡m¡m, doÑL¡j£ föfËhª¢šm¡¢“a L¡j¤L HC j¢qm¡−cl Ef−l ¢ekÑ¡ae Ll−h e¡ Bl LMeJ ? HC j¢qm¡−cl elLa¥mÉ h¡pÙÛ¡e q−u EW−h ¢L f¡V¢mf¤−œl J E‹¢ue£l p¤¤−n¡¢ia, p¤¤pjªÜ, EcÉ¡e−n¡¢ia fË¡p¡c ? Bj¡l −a¡ HC iu qu −k, N¢eL¡hª¢š−L djÑÉ Ae¤−j¡ce ¢c−m HC S¢Vm, −i¡NfËh¡−q ¢ej¢‹a, AbQ c¡¢lâÉc¤xMju pj¡−S J l¡øÊhÉhÙÛ¡u, Ef¡SÑ−el Bn¡u hý hý h¡m¡ N¢ZL¡ q−u k¡−he, Hhw N¢ZL¡−cl pwMÉ¡ œ²jn AaÉ¿¹ −h−s k¡−h z ky¡l¡ N¢ZL¡hª¢š−L eÉ¡kÉ (lawful) Ll−a Q¡e, ay¡l¡ HC pñ¡he¡ jÙ¹L¡iÉ¿¹−l −l−M−Re ¢L ? "−k±eLjÑ£' j¡−e −k±enËj z AeÉ¡eÉ −fn¡u ¢ek¤š² −M−V M¡Ju¡ nË¢jL−cl pÇf−LÑ −k ph BCe L¡e¤e B−R, −p…−m¡ −k LaV¡ Hhw ¢Li¡−h HC °Sh h¡ Biological −fn¡ pð−å fËk¤š² q−a f¡−l a¡J −a¡ A‘¡a z HM¡−eJ ¢L nËj-¢chp BV O¾V¡C q−h ? k¢c a¡C qu (AhnÉ ¢LR¥ Lj qJu¡l pñ¡he¡C −hn£ ), a−h −pC −f¡s¡Lf¡m£ qai¡¢Ne£l °S¢hL pš¡ −k A¢Q−lC dÆwp q−u k¡−h a¡ ¢L B−c±J i¡h¡

10

q−u−R ? plL¡¢l ¢euj −j−e, ¢h¢d-¢euj −j−e, nª´Mm¡ −j−e, mÇfV h¡h¤ N¢ZL¡ Nje Ll−he --- HV¡C d−l −eJu¡ q−μR −Le ? N¢ZL¡hª¢š−L djÑÉ ü£L«¢a ¢c−mC −k ¢h¢hd L¡kÑL¡l−Z N¢ZL¡hª¢š−L d−l b¡L¡ j¢qm¡−cl °c¢qL, AbÑ°e¢aL J j¡e¢pL AhÙÛ¡ i¡m q−u k¡−h, N¢ZL¡hª¢š −k pwlQe¡aÈL q−u EW−h, Hje i¡he¡l k¤¢š²…−m¡ AcÉ¡h¢d c¤hÑm z hl’, Apq¡u¡, Hhw −j±¢mLi¡−h ¢elfl¡d J ¢e×f¡f N¢ZL¡−cl ü¡ÙÛÉ k¡−a i¡m b¡−L, hÉ¡¢dl p¤¤¢Q¢Lvp¡ qu, p¿¹¡e−cl p¤¤¢nr¡ qu, ¢h¢iæ pv L−jÑ¡−cÉ¡−N Bu h¡−s, hªÜ¡ −hnÉ¡l n¡l£¢lL J B¢bÑL ¢el¡fš¡ k¡−a l¢ra qu, a¡l SeÉ p¡j¡¢SL B−¾c¡me fË−u¡Se£u z h¡lhd§−cl AnËÜ¡ Ll¡l h¡ Ah‘¡ Ll¡l A¢dL¡l Bj¡−cl −eC z AbQ, Bjl¡ ay¡−cl ¢hc§o−Z k¤−N k¤−N −j−a lCm¡j z N¢ZL¡hª¢š−L djÑÉ Ae¤−j¡ce ¢c−mC ¢L Bj¡−cl k¤−N k¤−N p¢’a HC pwú¡l Q−m k¡−h ? N¢ZL¡, Abh¡ HL j¡eh£, ¢L fZÉ h¡ Commodity? ky¡l¡ HjeV¡C i¡−he ay¡−cl ¢d‚¡l S¡e¡C z

A¢ija x n£−oѾc¥ j¤−M¡f¡dÉ¡u Aa£h m‹SeL HL¢V hÉhÙÛ¡

h¡lh¢Za¡l −fn¡−L fª¢bh£l B¢cjaj h−m A¢i¢qa Ll¡ q−u b¡−L z je¤oÉpj¡−Sl f−r H¢V Aa£h m‹¡SeL HL¢V hÉhÙÛ¡ z ¢L¿¹¥ hýN¡j£ L¡j¤L J mÇfV f¤l¦o−cl q¡a −b−L pj¡S−L hy¡Q¡−a HC hÉhÙÛ¡¢Vl fË−u¡SeJ E−fr¡ Ll¡ k¡u ¢e z hÉhÙÛ¡V¡−L ¢hm¤ç Ll¡l SeÉ −aje −L¡eJ p¢œ²u E−cÉ¡NJ mrÉ Ll¡ k¡u e¡ z c¤ Q¡l¢V pj¡S hÉhÙÛ¡u p¡j¢uL −Qø¡ q−u−R h−V, ¢L¿¹¥ H−Lh¡−l c§l Ll¡ k¡u¢e z ¢qVm¡−ll S¡jÑ¡e£−a h¡ pj¡Sa¡¢¿»L −L¡eJ −L¡eJ −c−n ¢h¢μRæi¡−h E−cÉ¡N −eJu¡ q−mJ −no Ah¢d gmha£ qu¢e a¡ z AbQ −hnÉ¡hª¢š−L −L¡b¡J i¡m −Q¡−M −cM¡ qu e¡, p¡j¡¢SL cªø¡¿¹ ¢qp¡−hC HC hª¢šl j§mÉ¡uZ Ll¡ q−u b¡−L z k¢cJ fËN¢al O¾V¡u e¡l£l pa£−aÆl c¡j Lj−R, q¡g −NlÙ¹ h¡ ab¡L¢ba iâpj¡−Sl −j−u hE−clJ M¡¢eLV¡ hÉ¡¢iQ¡−l ¢mç qJu¡l fËhZa¡ œ²jhdÑj¡e z HMe mrZ Hhw lLj pLj −c−M Hhw e¡l£ - j¤¢š²l hy¡deq¡l¡ N¢a−h−Nl g−m A−eL p£j¡ J −ic−lM¡ m¤ç q−u k¡−μR h¡ f¤e¢hÑeÉÙ¹ q−μR z g−m Hje ¢ce Bp−aC f¡−l kMe h¡lh¢Za¡ Hhw −NlÙ¹ −j−u hE−cl ag¡v Ll¡ L¢We q−u fs−h, L¡lZ e¡l£h¡c£ A−eL j¢qm¡−LC fËL¡−nÉ hm−a −n¡e¡ k¡−μR ay¡l¡ flf¤l¦o-Nje−L −aje c§oZ£u j−e L−le e¡ z Cc¡e£w ¢LR¥ pj¡S−ph£−L −cM¡ k¡−μR fË¡uC ay¡l¡ −lXm¡CV Hm¡L¡u ¢N−u ¢LR¥ B¢c−MÉa¡ Ll−Re z −cqfp¡¢le£−cl ¢e−u pi¡ Ll¡, ¢V¢i−a ay¡−cl p¡r¡vL¡l −eJu¡, ay¡−cl h¡μQ¡−cl SeÉ clc −cM¡−e¡ Hph ¢L¿¹¥ j¾c fËu¡p eu z −L¡e h¤¢ÜS£h£l j¡b¡u H−p¢Rm −k h¡lhZa¡−cl −p„ Ju¡LÑ¡l h¡ −k±eLjÑ£ e¡−j ¢Q¢q²a Ll−m a¡−cl p¡j¡¢SL ØVÉ¡V¡p AeÉ¡eÉ nËjS£h£−cl j−a¡C q−u cy¡s¡−h z N¡å£S£J HClLj j−e¡i¡h ¢e−u pj¡−Sl p¡g¡CLjÑ£−cl q¢lSe BMÉ¡ ¢c−u¢R−me z a¡−a q¢lSel¡ Eæ£a q−u−R e¡ q¢lSe në¢VlC Aheje O−V−R a¡ −h¡dqu ¢hQ¡−ll A−fr¡ l¡−M e¡ z HLV¡ aLj¡ Hy−V ¢c−mC ¢L c¡¢uaÆ −no q−u k¡u ? −k±eLjÑ£ Lb¡V¡l AbÑ −k −hnÉ¡ h¡ h¡lh¢Za¡ −pV¡ ¢L −m¡−L ¢hØj«a q−h ? L¢ce B−N HLSe h¡lh¢Za¡ ¢V¢il HL p¡r¡vL¡−l hm¢R−me, BSL¡m e¡¢L iâO−ll −j−u-hEl¡ ay¡−cl p‰£−cl p−‰ −cq¢jm−el SeÉ −j¡V¡ V¡L¡ ¢c−u h¡lh¢Za¡l Ol L−uL O¾V¡l SeÉ i¡s¡ −ee z Hhw −pV¡ c¤f¤l−hm¡l ¢c−L z Hph Mhl Bj¡−cl E¢àNÀ L−l, ¢hfæJ L−l z −Q¡l¡−N¡ç¡ hÉ¢iQ¡l pj¡−S ¢QlL¡mC ¢Rm

11

Hhw B−R z qu−a¡ e¡e¡L¡l−ZC pwk−jl hy¡d −i−P k¡u Hhw ele¡l£ ¢e−Sl hª¢š fËhª¢šl fË−l¡Qe¡ −l¡d Ll−a f¡−l e¡ z ¢L¿¹¥ −pC h¡lh¢Za¡¢V j¤Q¢L −q−p k¡ hm−me a¡−a −h¡T¡ −Nm HCph j¢qm¡−L ¢a¢eJ ¢e−Sl hª¢šlC HLSe j−e L−le z h¡lh¢Za¡−cl f¡s¡ q¡sL¡V¡ N¢ml L¡R¡L¡¢R nË£ −N¡f¡m j¢õL −m−e Ah¢ÙÛa LmL¡a¡ ¢hnÄ¢hcÉ¡m−ul HL¢V pÀ¡a−L¡šl R¡œ¡h¡−p B¢j ¢LR¥L¡m ¢Rm¡j z −pC hu−pJ h¡C−l −b−L h¡lh¢Za¡−cl −k S£hek¡œ¡ −c−M¢R a¡ A¢anu −hce¡hq z HCph −cqS£h£ −j−u−cl e¡ −S¡−V f¤¢øLl M¡cÉ, pj−u¡¢Qa ¢Q¢Lvp¡ h¡ e§Éeaj ¢el¡fš¡ z −cq ¢ew−s k¡ Jl¡ −l¡SN¡l L−le a¡−a i¡N hp¡u h¡¢sE¢m h¡ j¡¢p, …ä¡, jÙ¹¡e Hhw BsL¡¢Wl¡ z ac¤f¢l …ä¡ h¡ f¤¢mn h¡ rja¡n¡m£−cl ¢he¡ fup¡u −ph¡ −a¡ ¢c−a quC z Hy−cl A¢dL¡wnC A¢a L¥l©f¡, j¤−Ml Q¡js¡ LLÑn, p¡S−N¡S ENË Hhw Aü¡ÙÛÉLl f¢l−h−n Hy−cl h¡p, pL−ml ph¢ce M−Ÿl −S¡−V e¡ z a¡l Jfl j¡a¡−ml AaÉ¡Q¡l, hªÜ pÇf−LÑl Bhc¡l Hhw LMeJ pMeJ h¡mL h¡ ¢L−n¡l M−Ÿ−ll B¢hiÑ¡−hJ Hyl¡ SÆ¡m¡ae hs Lj qee¡ z k¢c p¢aÉC Hy−cl EfL¡l Ll−a qu a−h B¢c−MÉa¡ hSÑe L−l nš² q¡−a Hy−cl SeÉ ¢LR¥ ¢el¡fš¡l hÉhÙÛ¡ Ll¡ fË−u¡Se z AeÉ¡u L¢jne, j¡œ¡¢a¢lš² Oli¡s¡, ¢Q¢Lvp¡l Ai¡h CaÉ¡¢c c§l Ll¡ clL¡l, hy¡Q¡−e¡ clL¡l …ä¡−cl q¡a −b−L z AeÉ¡kÉ −a¡m¡ ¢c−a ¢N−u Hyl¡ ga¥l q−u k¡e, p¡j¡¢SL jkÑ¡c¡ −eC, e¡¢mn −n¡e¡l −LE −eC, Hy−cl A¢i−k¡N …l¦aÆ f¡u e¡ z −f−V ¢h−cÉ e¡ b¡L¡u Hy−cl c¤cÑn¡ −o¡−m¡Lm¡u f§ZÑ z −k±eLjÑ£ hm−mC ¢L Hy−cl jkÑ¡c¡ l¡a¡l¡¢a −h−s k¡−h ? Bl c¤Q¡l−V pi¡p¢j¢a h¡ ¢V¢i −fË¡NË¡jJ Hy−cl AåL¡l S£he−L LaV¡ Eá¡¢pa Ll−h ? j−e l¡M−a q−h Bj¡−cl ph pjpÉ¡ pwL−Vl Eáh J E›¡e O−V−R −c−nl AbÑ°e¢aL pwL−Vl f¢l−fË¢r−aC z H−c−nl −j−ul¡ −f−Vl V¡−eC −cq-hÉhp¡−a e¡j−a h¡dÉ qu z C−μR L−l eu, BsL¡¢Wl e¡e¡ ¢j−bÉ fË−m¡i−el gy¡−c f¡ ¢c−uJ Hl¡ −cq hÉhp¡l Q−œ²l j−dÉ ¢e¢rç qu z R¡è¡-j¡l¡ −cqfp¡¢le£ R¡s¡J EμQ¢hš pj¡−Sl B−nf¡−n p¤¤¾cl£ Qa¥l¡ h¤¢Üja£ Cw¢l¢S hL¥¢e S¡e¡ j¢qm¡−clJ Ai¡h −eC z h¡l XÉ¡¾p¡l h¡ LÉ¡h¡−l eaÑL£l¡J B−Re, a−h Hy−cl AhÙÛ¡ A−eL i¡m z jl−a j−l ¢eQ¥am¡l −cqfp¡¢le£l¡C z

12

H ms¡C hy¡Q¡l ms¡C

H c¡¢h ¢L hy¡Q¡l c¡¢h ?

A−n¡L h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u f¢aa¡hª¢š (fË¢ØV¢VEne)-−L ü£L«a −fn¡ h¡ hÉhp¡ ¢q−p−h BCe£ °hda¡ ¢c−a q−h - H c¡¢hl Lb¡ E−W−R pÇfË¢a, E−W−R f¢ÕQjh−‰l −k±eLjÑ£ jqm −b−L z p¢aÉ hm−a ¢L, HLSe p¡d¡lZ h‰−cn£u jdÉ¢hš q−u, HlLj HLV¡ c¡¢hl Lb¡ öe−m fËb−j ¢nE−l EW−a qu -- −p ¢L ! −hnÉ¡hª¢š Bl - fy¡QV¡ −fn¡l ja pj¡SN¡qÉ q−h e¡¢L ! O−ll j¡ −h¡e −j−ul¡ fËL¡−nÉ HC −cqhÉhp¡l m¡C−p¾p f¡−h ? a¡q−m pj¡S EμR−æ −k−a Bl h¡¢L b¡−L ¢L ! S¡¢e, HC ¢nqlZ HC ¢hØju Bj¡−cl A¿¹−ll I¢aqÉ-m¡¢ma pwú¡−ll a¡vr¢ZL fË¢a¢œ²u¡ z pj¡−Sl p¤¤ÙÛa¡ ö¢Qa¡ −p±¾ckÑ pÇf−LÑ −k d¡lZ¡, −k j§mÉ−h¡d, fËSeÈ flÇfl¡u Bj¡−cl L¡mQ¡−l l−u −N−R, −pM¡−e d¡‚¡ m¡−N, phÑe¡−nl nˆ¡u n¢ˆa qC Bjl¡ z ah¤ i¡h−a qu, ¢hQ¡l L−l −cM−a qu z Hhw −p ¢hQ¡l −kje pwú¡lj¤š² pq¡e¤i¨¢an£m je ¢e−u Ll¡ clL¡l, −aj¢e p¡¢hÑL k¤¢š²¢eù ¢h‘¡epÇja cª¢ø−aJ qJu¡ clL¡l, e¡ q−m paÉV¡−L −Qe¡ k¡u e¡ z pj¡−S h¡lh¢Za¡−cl AhÙÛ¡e hý fË¡Q£e L¡m −b−L z f¤l¦−ol ¢hL«a −k±eL¡je¡, Aa«ç h¡pe¡, EμR«PMma¡ Bl A°hd BnË−ul fË−u¡S−eC h¡lh¢Za¡−cl pj¡−Sl AåL¡−l ¢V¢L−u l¡M¡ q−u−R z.... ah¤ L¡−ml fËh¡qj¡ea¡ A−eL B−m¡se OV¡u, A−eL f¢lhaÑe h−u B−e, −kje q−u−R HC f¢aa¡L¥−ml −r−œJ z Bj¡−cl HC f¢ÕQjh−‰l Lb¡ dl¡ k¡L z L−h ¢Li¡−h −k±ehÉhp¡l p§œf¡a q−u¢Rm S¡e¡l Ef¡u −eC z Q−m H−p−R œ²jhdÑj¡e q¡−l, j§ma c¡¢lâÉ, Apq¡ua¡ Bl f¤l¦−ol fËh’e¡l q¡a d−l z −L¡−e¡ ljZ£C −pËg jS¡-g¢̈aÑl SeÉ ¢Lwh¡ ab¡L¢ba "c¤ÕQ¢lœ¡' qJu¡l L¡l−Z −hnÉ¡hª¢šl m¡Ce-H B−p¢e z k¢c h¡ −LE −h¢qp¡h£ fË−m¡i−e ¢Lwh¡ ¢j−bÉ BnÄ¡−pl gy¡−c f−s H hÉhp¡l hª−š Q−m H−p−R, A¢Q−lC −p HC ¢ecÑu elLh¡p −R−s f¡m¡−a −Q−u−R, f¡−l¢e z j¡¢mL-j¡p£-jÙ¹¡−el Qœ²h§É−q BV−L f−s−R z −R¡V−hm¡ −b−LC Bjl¡ −c−M Bp¢R j¤−M Ls¡ −pÀ¡-f¡EX¡l-p¤¤jÑ¡-L¡Sm −j−M, E−šSL −f¡o¡−L −p−S, N¢ml −j¡−s, f¡−LÑl d¡−l, B−d¡ AåL¡−l M−Ÿl dl¡l SeÉ cy¡¢s−u b¡−L ¢LR¥ −j−u z hsl¡ h−m−R Jl¡ −hnÉ¡ z Jl¡ OªZÉ, f¡¢fù, a¡¢sa z J−cl fõ£ ¢e¢oÜ --iâi¡o¡u "−lX m¡CV H¢lu¡'z AaHh p¡d¡lZ pj¡−Sl jja¡ pq¡e¤i¨¢a J−cl LM−e¡C fË¡fÉ eu ; J−cl pM-BqÓ¡c, Q¡¢qc¡, A¢dL¡l, c¡¢h -- ¢LR¥C −ke −eC, b¡L−a −eC z l¡øÊ£u p¤¤lr¡ −L¡e R¡s, i¡l−al BCe "−hnÉ¡hª¢š'−L −L¡−e¡lLj Ae¤LÇf¡ h¡ pq¡e¤i¨¢a −cu ¢e z e¡ −cJu¡l L¡lZJ hÉ¡MÉ¡ Ll¡ q−u−R BCen¡−Ù» z hm¡ q−u−R, HC fË¡Q£e −fn¡ p¡d¡lZ ¢hnÄh¡p£l L¡−R Ah¡¢“a, B¿¹SÑ¡¢aL j¡eh¡¢dL¡l pe−cl 4 J 5 ew d¡l¡l fËaÉr ¢h−l¡d£ , Hhw i¡la£u pw¢hd¡−el 21ew d¡l¡l f¢l−fË¢r−a LmˆSeL z f¢aa¡-−fn¡l BCe£ h¡Ù¹ha¡ fËp−‰ 1997 p¡−m jq¡j¡eÉ p¤¤fË£j −L¡VÑ HL l¡u-H h−m−Re,""f¢aa¡hª¢š HL je¤oÉaÆ-¢h−l¡d£ Afl¡d, j¡eh¡¢dL¡−ll fËaÉr m´Oe, i¡la£u BC−el −Q¡−M pj¡S-c§oZL¡l£ HL −fn¡ z pw¢hd¡−el 23 ew d¡l¡ −j¡a¡−hL −L¾cÊ£u J l¡SÉ plL¡−ll L¡−R HC ¢eL«ø hª¢š hS¡u b¡L¡ A¢a pw−hcen£m HL¢V ¢hou -- pj¡S −b−L HC −fn¡ ¢ejѨm Ll¡l p¢cμR¡ plL¡−ll b¡L¡ E¢Qa z'' plL¡l AcÉ¡h¢d L£ fc−rf ¢e−u−R ? l¡øÊ ¢eu¢¿»a "¢fV¡' BCe (Prevention of Immoral Traffic Act) m¡… L−l−R z L¡N−S-Lm−j HC AÉ¡−ƒl E−ŸnÉ qm −hnÉ¡hª¢šl ja Aj¡e¢hL hÉhp¡−a −j−u−cl −Y¡L¡ hå Ll¡, pj¡−Sl "ö¢Qa¡' lr¡ Ll¡ z AbQ hs jS¡l HC BC−el h¡Ù¹h fË−u¡Nl£¢a x lÙ¹¡u h¡ EeÈ¥š² ÙÛ¡−e cy¡¢s−u M¢lŸ¡l dl¡l −Qø¡ Ll−m f¤¢mn dl−h, ¢L¿¹¥ O−ll −ial m¤¢L−u Q¥¢l−u iâa¡l i¢ea¡ −l−M −hnÉ¡-hª¢š Q¡m¡−m −pV¡ "¢fV¡' BC−el e¡N¡−ml h¡C−l b¡L−h z HC hLμRf j¡LÑ¡ BCe£ n¡p−el h¡Ù¹h −Qq¡l¡V¡ cy¡¢s−u−R HC -- "qai¡NÉ' c¢lâ −j−u−cl N¢ZL¡hª¢š−a Q−m Bp¡l j§m L¡lZ−L c§l Ll¡ ¢e−u

13

j¡b¡hÉb¡ −eC f¤¢mn fËn¡pe BCe-¢eu¡jL h¡ l¡S°e¢aL LaÑ¡−cl z hlw −cq¢h¢œ²l A°hd hÉhp¡ Q¡m¤ b¡L−m LaÑ¡−cl −f¡u¡h¡−l¡ z ¢fV¡ fË−u¡−Nl e¡j L−l kMe aMe Al¢ra −j−u−cl a¥−m ¢e−u k¡Ju¡, −a¡m¡ −eJu¡, k−bμR e¡l£−cq −i¡N Ll¡, AaÉ¡Q¡l Ll¡, avfl f¤¢mn£ n¡p−el f¢l¢Qa ¢Qœ z AbÑ¡v i¡la£u pw¢hd¡−e −k j¡e¢hL cª¢øi‰£ fË−u¡−Nl Ef−cn plL¡−ll fË¢a l−u−R, L¡kÑ−r−œ −p…¢m −j¡V¡ −j¡V¡ BC¢e −La¡−hl −ia−lC R¡f¡l Ar−l h¾c£ l−u −N−R z "−hnÉ¡', "f¢aa¡', "N¢ZL¡', "M¡e¢L' CaÉ¡¢c e¡jLl−Zl j−dÉC pj¡−Sl Q¨s¡¿¹ OªZ¡ fËL¡n f¡u z HCph Apq¡u e¡l£l¡J −k lš²j¡w−pl j¡e¤o, a¡−clJ −k je B−R, −Q¡−Ml Sm B−R, −p −h¡d pj¡−S ¢h−no S¡uN¡ f¡u¢e hýL¡m z f¢lhaÑ−el HLV¡ h¡a¡p, −h¡d L¢l, H l¡−SÉ Bp−a öl¦ L−l pšl cn−Ll °hfÔ¢hL a¥g¡−el Ae¤o‰ ¢q−p−h z ea¥e l¡øÊ ea¥e pj¡S NW−el ü−fÀl −S¡u¡l −p pju ¢ejÀh−NÑl ¢ef£¢sa Ah−q¢ma j¡e¤o−L j§m−pË¡−al "piÉ iâ' pj¡−Sl A−eLV¡ L¡R¡L¡¢R H−e¢Rm z Hhw −pC pju, B¢nl cn−L, L¡La¡m£ui¡−h ¢hnÄS¥−s HXpÚ (AIDS) −l¡−Nl Baˆ R¢s−u¢Rm; −l¡N pwœ²jZ fË¢a−l¡−dl E−Ÿ−nÉ e¡e¡ −c¢n-¢h−c¢n fËLÒf â¥a p¢œ²u q−u¢Rm; öl¦ q−u¢Rm HXpÚ pwœ²j−Zl AeÉaj Evp h−m ¢Q¢q²a f¢aa¡fõ£…¢ml A¾cljq−m ¢N−u −üμR¡−ph£ pwÙÛ¡−cl ü¡ÙÛÉlr¡l LjÑp§Q£ z Hl g−m A¢eh¡kÑi¡−h j−e¡−k¡N −f−u¢Rm HaL¡−ml ""AμR¥w'' −cqfp¡¢lZ£l¡ z L¡m¡¿¹L hÉ¡¢d HXpÚ-Hl p−‰ HMe ms¡C-H −e−j−R p¡l¡ ¢hn Äz Bj¡−cl l¡SÉ ü¡ÙÛÉ cç−ll −N¡s¡−a ¢h−no −qm−c¡m e¡ b¡L−mJ "S¡a£u HXpÚ-¢eu¿»Z f¢loc'(NACO), "¢hnÄ ü¡ÙÛÉ pwÙÛ¡'(WHO), DFID, UNAIDS,

USAID, CIDA CaÉ¡¢c pwÙÛ¡l ¢hf¤m AbÑ p¡q¡kÉ Bp−a b¡−L HXpÚ fËL−Òf, ¢hnÄhÉ¡−ˆl R¡sfœ ¢e−u z 1992 p¡−m −c−n H−p¢Rm 30 −L¡¢V j¡¢LÑe Xm¡l, 1998 p¡−m 32 −L¡¢V (1425 −L¡¢V V¡L¡), fy¡Q hRl −ju¡¢c f¢lLÒfe¡u z Ha V¡L¡l Ym, −j±j¡¢Rl ja E−cÉ¡N£ pwÙÛ¡l¡ e¡−j-−he¡−j H−p ¢is Ll−h -- H−a Bl BÕQ−kÑl L£ B−R ! l¡SÉ J −L¾cÊ£u plL¡−ll Ha hs fËLÒf l©f¡u−el f¢lL¡W¡−j¡ −eC a¡C −üμR¡−ph£ pwÙÛ¡−cl (NGO) p¤¤−k¡N −cJu¡ qu z fËbj¢c−L, 90-Hl −N¡s¡u, f¢ÕQjh−‰ ¢ae-Q¡l¢V pwÙÛ¡ L¡S Ll¢Rm z 1998 p¡−m 88¢V He. ¢S. J. plL¡l j¡lgv AbÑp¡q¡kÉ −f−u−R; haÑj¡−e H pwMÉ¡ na¡¢dL z N¢ZL¡−cl p−Qae L−l −a¡m¡, p¡rla¡, ü¡ÙÛÉ f¢lQkÑ¡, q¡−al L¡S, fõ£l f¢l−hn f¢lμRæa¡, L−ä¡j hÉhq¡−l Evp¡q c¡e, "¢e¢oÜ fõ£'l ¢nö−cl J hs−cl fËb¡-h¢qiѨa ¢nr¡ -- HlLj hý¢hd "fË−Sƒ' ¢e−u i¡−m¡lLj AbÑ p¡q¡kÉ −S¡N¡s L−l He. ¢S. J.-l¡ z mrÉ Ll¡l ¢hou qm, Ha ph fËL−Òfl j−dÉ HXpÚ −l¡N£−cl SeÉ Efk¤š² ¢Q¢Lvp¡mu, ¢Lwh¡ f¢aa¡hª¢šl j§m L¡lZ c§l£LlZ ¢e−u −L¡−e¡ fËLÒf −eC z He. ¢S. J.-−cl V¡L¡ ¢e−u euRu, ¢q−p−h L¡lQ¥¢f, ¢l−f¡−VÑ abÉ ¢hL«¢a CaÉ¡¢c ¢e−u pj¡−m¡Qe¡ k−bø −n¡e¡ k¡u z a¡l phV¡ e¡ q−mJ M¡¢eLV¡ qu−a¡ p¢aÉ z A−bÑl Ah¡d −k¡N¡e H−mC a¡l q¡a d−l AebÑ B−p z a¡C −LμR¡ −L−mˆ¡¢lJ qu z −p AeÉ NÒf z Bjl¡ j§m fËp−‰ ¢g−l B¢p z Na f−el-L¥¢s hR−l f¢aa¡−cl p¡j−e −l−M E−W H−p−R hý He. ¢S. J. z hý X¡š²¡l, ¢n¢ra al¦Z-al¦Z£ Q¡L¢l −f−u−R, plL¡¢l-−hplL¡¢l LaÑ¡hÉ¢š²−cl Xm¡−ll fËp¡−c q¡a i−l−R , H−cn-J−cn E−s −hs¡−e¡l pqS p¤¤−k¡N ¢j−m−R, L¡N−S ¢V¢i'−a R¢h E−W−R, fËQ¡l f¡Ju¡ −N−R z Bl Jl¡ ? k¡−cl S−eÉ Ha fË¡¢ç, −pC ¢Qlm¡¢“a fZÉ e¡l£l¡ L£ −f−u−R ? ...... p¡d¡lZ A¢i‘a¡u Bjl¡ −c¢M −pC HLC Ll¦Z ¢Qœ; l¡Ù¹¡u juc¡−e f¡−LÑ −ØVn−e jdÉ-¢ejÀ¢hš "m¡C−el' −j−u−cl œ²j¡Na pwMÉ¡ hª¢Ü -- c¡¢lâÉ, −hL¡laÆ, l¡øÊ£u h’e¡l p−‰ f¡õ¡ ¢c−u z AeÉ¢c−L "HXpÚ ¢fË−iene −p¡p¡C¢V' Bl "eÉ¡−L¡'l f¢lpwMÉ¡e hm−R x f¢ÕQjh−‰ HXpÚ −l¡−Nl fË¡c¤iÑ¡h ¢hf‹eLi¡−h h¡s−R z 1986 p¡−m H l¡−SÉ fËbj HXpÚ −l¡N£ dl¡ f−s, a¡lfl −b−L Bj¡−cl Seclc£ h¡j Sj¡e¡−aC L¡m¡¿¹L −l¡N¢V −h−s Q−m−R Ah¡−d z 2000 p¡−m f¡Ju¡ ¢N−u¢Rm 221 Se HXpÚ −l¡N£, 2003-H −p pwMÉ¡ qm 611, Bl H hR−ll (2005) −ghË¥u¡¢l fkÑ¿¹ ¢Q¢q²a −l¡N£ 2397 Se z HC −l¡N ¢hÙ¹¡lJ q−u−R fËd¡ea JC "f¢aa¡' e¡l£−cl nl£−lC z c¤x−Ml d¡l¡f¡−a j¤¢š²l f¢lh−aÑ HV¡C q−u−R J−cl f¡Je¡ z

14

ah¤ ¢L¿¹¥ −f−u−R Jl¡ AeÉ HL de z h¡C−ll Bhl−Z h¡ A−bÑl f¢lj¡−f eu, −f−u−R Bfe −Qae¡l SN−a z Na −cs c¤' cn−Ll f¢aa¡-−L¢¾cÊL −R¡V-hs LjÑL¡ä…−m¡l p¤¤h¡−cC Jl¡ AåL¡l −b−L f¡cfËc£−fl B−m¡u H−p cy¡s¡−e¡l p¤¤−k¡N −f−u−R; "−hnÉ¡' e¡jL Oª¢Za f¢lQ−ul S¡uN¡u "−k±eLjÑ£' e¡j −f−u−R, "j¡e¤o' ¢q−p−h ¢LR¥ jkÑ¡c¡−h¡d My¥−S −f−u−R; ¢e−S−cl p¿¹¡e−cl hy¡Q¡l Lb¡, A¢dL¡−l Lb¡, Q¡¢qc¡l Lb¡ hm¡l −S¡l p¢’a Ll−a −f−l−R J−cl A−e−LC z fËbj −k f¢lhaÑeV¡ H−m¡ 80-l j¡T¡j¡¢T, −pV¡ qm BaÈ¢eiÑla¡l fËaÉu z Ha¢ce He. ¢S. J.-l pÉ¡l iâ−m¡L c¡c¡-¢c¢cj¢Z'−cl −fRe −fRe O¤−l fõ£l LjÑ£ −j−ul¡ −l¡N Rs¡−e¡l L¡lZ…−m¡ −S−e−R, p¡b£−cl L−ä¡j hÉhq¡−l p−Qae L−l−R, f¡s¡l −ia−l ü¡ÙÛÉ-¢LÓ¢eL f¡Wn¡m¡ Q¡m¡−a He. ¢S. J.'−cl p¡q¡kÉ L−l−R z ah¤ ¢e−S−cl ¢el¡fš¡ f¡¢μRm e¡ a¡l¡ z c¡m¡m-j¡p£-jÙ¹¡e-f¤¢m−nl AaÉ¡Q¡−ll ¢hl¦−Ü V‚l −cJu¡ k¡¢μRm e¡ z ¢h¢μRæ fË¢ah¡−c B−l¡ −h¢n j¡l−d¡l S¥m¤j q¢μRm z HlLj pju HL L¡ä O¢V−u −gm−m¡ −nW N¢ml −j−ul¡ z p¡qp£ L−uLSe −j−u ¢j−m −p¢ce −nW N¢m'l L¥MÉ¡a "mÉ¡ws¡ jÙ¹¡e'−L −hdsL WÉ¡P¡−m¡ ph¡l p¡j−e z E−ÒV fËQ¥l j¡l −M−m¡ h−V, lš²¡l¢š²J qm , ¢L¿¹¥ −pC fËbj JM¡−e jÙ¹¡el¡S bjL¡−m¡ z N¢ml −j−ul¡ ea¥e −S¡l −fm z N−s EW−m¡ −k±eLjÑ£−cl fËbj HL¡¿¹ ¢eSü pwNWe "j¢qm¡ pwO', 1987 p¡−m z j§L j¤−M i¡o¡, h¡pe¡, Hhw c¡¢h-c¡Ju¡ "Evp j¡e¤o' f¢œL¡l j¡QÑ 1993 pwMÉ¡u fËL¡¢na q−u¢Rm j¢qm¡ pw−Ol p¢Qh Bn¡ p¡d¤My¡'l −M¡m¡ ¢Q¢W x ""p¡c¡ Lb¡u Bjl¡ −hnÉ¡ z iâh¡h¤−cl i¡o¡u f¢aa¡ z .... öe¢R (Bj¡−cl e¡j L−l) −L¡¢V −L¡¢V V¡L¡ Bp−R −cn-¢h−cn −b−L z V¡L¡ j¡−eC hÉhp¡ z a−h j¡-−h¡−el¡ HV¡ ¢eÕQC j¡e−he Bfe¡−cl i¡¢P−u −LE hÉhp¡ Q¡m¡−m −pV¡ Bfe¡lJ i¡−m¡ m¡N−h e¡ z ...... Bj¡−cl ph −N−R, HMe HLV¡C üfÀ -- Bj¡−cl h¡μQ¡l¡ k¡−a j¡e¤o qu, a¡−cl −ke −L¡e¢ce H-−fn¡u S¢s−u fs−a e¡ qu z'' Hl j−dÉ j¢qm¡ pw−Ol −ial ¢LR¥ i¡P¡Ns¡ qm z °a¢l qm −k±eLjÑ£−cl "j¢qm¡ pjeÄu L¢j¢V'z 1996-Hl H¢fË−m pjeÄu L¢j¢V −L¡mL¡a¡u a¡−cl f¢ÕQjh‰ l¡SÉ p−Çjm−el B−u¡Se L−l z ¢h¢iæ −Sm¡l, AeÉ l¡−SÉl, Hhw ¢h−c−nlJ ¢LR¥ −k±eLjÑ£ fË¢a¢e¢d Ef¢ÙÛa ¢R−me, ¢R−me "iâ' pj¡−Sl "j¡eÉ' S−el¡ z −pM¡−e L¢j¢Vl fr −b−L BaÈ¢eu¿»−Zl A¢dL¡−ll c¡¢h J−W z fËnÀ −a¡m¡ qu -- e¡l£ ¢ekÑ¡aeL¡l£ "¢fV¡' (Prevention of Immoral Traffic Act) BCe h¡¢am Ll¡ q−he¡ −Le ? HC Aj¡e¢hL −fn¡ pj¡S −b−L c§l Ll¡l ms¡C−a ab¡L¢ba iâ pj¡S ¢L p¡¢jm q−h ? −O¡oZ¡ Ll¡ qu -- ""BaÈ¢eu¿»−Zl fË¡b¢jL fc−rf ¢q−p−h Bjl¡ Q¡C¢R −k±eLjÑ£ f¢lQ¡¢ma HL¢V ün¡¢pa −h¡XÑ, −k −h¡XÑ −j−u−cl H −fn¡u −Y¡L¡, Hhw −k±e hÉhp¡l ¢euje£¢a J −k±eLjÑ£−cl p¡¢hÑL Eæu−el L¡S ¢eu¿»Z Ll−h z'' Hl B−N 1991 p¡−ml H¢fË−m, Bjl¡ Qj¢La q−u¢Rm¡j ¢eÇj h¡C-Hl Mhl −S−e z i¡l−al C¢aq¡−p fËbj −p OVe¡ z −fn¡u "−hnÉ¡' ¢eÇj h¡C ¢cõ£l Qy¡ce£ QL −L¾cÊ −b−L ¢ecÑm fË¡bÑ£ ¢q−p−h j−e¡eue −f−u¢R−me 10j −m¡Lpi¡ ¢ehÑ¡Q−e z ¢ehÑ¡Qe£ fËQ¡−l ¢eÇjl c−ml c¡¢h…−m¡ ¢Rm -- f¢aa¡−cl p¿¹¡e−cl ¢he¡j§−mÉ ¢nr¡l p¤¤−k¡N Q¡C, Q¡C hªÜ hu−p h¡pÙÛ¡e J ¢el¡fš¡, j¡a« f¢lQ−u ¢nöl f¢lQu °hd Ll¡ Q¡C z "−hnÉ¡hª¢š' ¢V¢L−u l¡M¡l c¡¢h −p¢ceJ EμQ¡¢la qu ¢e z qm 1997-Hl e−iðl j¡−p, −L¡mL¡a¡l pÒV −mL −ØV¢Xu¡−j z −p¡e¡N¡¢R-−L¢¾cÊL −k±eLjÑ£−cl −S¡lc¡l pwNWe "c¤hÑ¡l j¢qm¡ pjeÄu L¢j¢V' B−u¡Se L−l¢Rm −pC p¡sðl hÉuhým ""−k±eLjÑ£−cl fËbj S¡a£u p−Çjme''z −cn-¢h−c−nl −j¡V 3000 ü−O¡¢oa −k¡eLjÑ£, Bj¢¿»a ¢nÒf£, L¢h, p¡¢q¢aÉL, e¡VÉL¡l, l¡Se£¢aL, p¡wh¡¢cL, ¢V¢i −l¢XJ ¢i¢XJ −V¢mLÉ¡−jl¡, Bl TLj−L Bd¤¢eL¡ −üμR¡−ph£ LjÑ£−cl ¢e−u −Q¡M-dy¡d¡−e¡ hZÑ¡YÉ Sj¡−ua z N¢ZL¡hª¢šl Aj¡e¤¢oL −k±em¡“e¡ Afp¡l−Zl S−eÉ eu, ¢hLÒf p¤¤ÙÛ −fn¡ h¡ p¡j¡¢SL f¤ehÑ¡p−el l¡Ù¹¡ −My¡S¡l S−eÉJ eu, H pÇjm−el j§m E−ŸnÉ ¢Rm −pC A¢ieh c¡¢h−L p¡j−e a¥−m Be¡ -- ""−k±eLjÑ HLV¡ "L¡S', H L¡−Sl BCe£ ü£L«¢a Q¡C, −k±eLjÑ£−ch nË¢j−Ll A¢dL¡l ¢c−a q−h z''

15

H −Lje d¡l¡ c¡¢h ? d¡‚¡ p¡jm¡−a pju m¡−N z f¤l¦−ol −i¡N-m¡mp¡l fË−u¡S−e e¡l£l Qlj AjkÑ¡c¡ −k −fn¡l Q¢lœ, Apq¡u ljZ£l −cq−L V¡L¡ ¢c−u p¤¤m−i fZÉ ¢q−p−h ¢L−e −eJu¡ k¡u −k −fn¡u, −pC −fn¡−L ¢ejѨm Ll¡l ms¡C pwN¢Wa e¡ L−l a¡−L ¢V¢L−u l¡M¡ ? a¡−LC HLSe nË¢j−Ll L¡−Sl pja¥mÉ Ll¡l B−u¡Se ? LaM¡¢e pjbÑ−el −k¡NÉ HC c¡¢h ? ¢hï¡¢¿¹ B−p z Bl, HC ¢hï¡¢¿¹ B−p h−mC ¢pÜ¡−¿¹ −fy±R−e¡l p¤¤−k¡NJ B−p z Cc¡e£w −cMec¡¢l p¤¤¢hd¡h¡c£ L¡mQ¡−ll −hn h¡s h¡s¿¹ z haÑj¡−el A−eL e¡jX¡L-Jm¡ L¢h ¢nÒf£ p¡¢q¢aÉL e¡VÉL¡l h¤¢ÜS£h£−cl AhÙÛ¡e −hn L¥nm£, fy¡L¡m j¡−Rl ja z j¡¢e, ¢j¢Xu¡, pðdÑe¡, Ef−Y±Le ¢c−u He¡−cl q¡¢p-q¡¢p j¤−M j−’ hp¡−e¡ k¡u z glj¡−up j¡¢gL h¡qh¡ V¡qh¡ ¢c−u L¡S p¡−le Hyl¡ z a¡lfl p¤¤l¦v L−l Se¡¢¿¹−L Q−m k¡Ju¡, j¤−M L¥m¤f ByV¡ z .... HC f¢l¢ÙÛ¢a−a "c¤hÑ¡l'-Hl f¢lQ¡mLl¡ f¢ÕQjh−‰l −hn ¢LR¥ ""MÉ¡ae¡j¡''-l p¡¢VÑ¢g−LV −f−u −N−Re z −kje, Na 27 −ghË¥u¡¢l (2005) h¡wm¡u phÑ¡¢dL fËQ¡¢la °c¢e−L Lb¡p¡¢q¢aÉL pj−ln jS¥jc¡l fËQ¥l B−hN-j¡M¡−e¡ Lb−e pq¡e¤i¨¢a −Y−m ¢c−me Ec¡l ¢Q−š; −L¡−e¡ p¡¢hÑL i¡−m¡j¾c ¢e−u ¢h−nÔoZ −eC, pj¡S-pwú«¢al pñ¡hÉ ¢hl©f fË¢a¢œ²u¡ ¢e−u −L¡−e¡ A¢ija −eC z h¡P¡m£ h¤¢ÜS£h£−cl °e¢aL c¡¢u−aÆl HC hql −cM−m l£¢aja c¤¢ÕQ¿¹¡ qu z a−h phV¡C HlLj −S−N O¤j−e¡l ¢Qœ eu z −M¡m¡ j−e −p¡S¡ Lb¡V¡ h−m −cJu¡l ja "Lã' HM−e¡ −n¡e¡ k¡u, HV¡C ilp¡ z ..... 1997-H "S¡a£u −k±eLjÑ£ p−Çjm−e' −pC p¡s¡ S¡N¡−e¡ c¡¢h¢V E›¡¢fa Hhw ¢j¢Xu¡ fËQ¡¢la qJu¡l flC fËMÉ¡a pj¡SLjÑ£ l¡j£ R¡hl¡ 8 S¡e¤u¡¢l 1998 "¢c −V¢mNË¡g' f¢œL¡u ¢mM−me -- ""HLSe h¡lh¢Za¡l −fn¡−L p¡d¡lZ hÉhp¡l °hda¡ −cJu¡l AbÑ BCe J je¤oÉ−aÆl jkÑ¡c¡l m´Oe z AåL¡l SN−al −fn¡u ¢mç b¡L−mJ HLSe f¢aa¡l e¡N¢lL ¢q−p−h j¡e¢hL A¢dL¡l b¡−L z a¡q−m, j¡eh-Aheje Bl j¡eh¡¢dL¡l ¢L HLp−‰ q¡a dl¡d¢l L−l Qm−h ? −Le HC ¢hou¢V Sep¡d¡l−Zl −L−R ¢ha−LÑl SeÉ EeÈ¥š² q−h e¡ ! "f¡f'−L fË¢aqa Ll¡C fËd¡e mrÉ qJu¡ E¢Qa eu ¢L ?'' 1 H¢fËm 2001 Be¾ch¡S¡−l h¡Z£ hp¤¤ ¢mM−me - ""Hy−cl c¡¢hl pf−r hm¡ q−μR h¡lhd§l¡ e¡¢L HLV¡ f¢l−oh¡ ¢c−μRe z ¢LR¥ Aü¡i¡¢hL f¤l¦o ¢eSü¡−bÑ Hy−cl −k±ec¡p£ L−l −l−M−R, HlC e¡j f¢l−oh¡? L£ iuˆl Lb¡ ! ..... j¡eÉNZÉl¡ −cMm¡j j−’ h−p hm−me, L¡S¢V e¡¢L °e¢aL z Hy−cl −fn¡¢V °e¢aL q−m f¤l¦−ol Ae¡Q¡l¢VJ °e¢aL qu z e¡l£j¡wp hÉhp¡¢VJ A°e¢aL b¡L−R e¡ Bl z HC j¡eÉNZÉl¡ jdÉk¤−Nl e¡l£j¡wp-q¡−V ¢g−l −k−a Q¡C−Re z j¡e¤o j¡e¤o−L fZÉ Ll−R, HV¡ je¤oÉ−aÆl Afj¡e eu ?'' Na 10 −ghË¥u¡¢l 2005, 7ew l¡EXe ØVÊ£−V HL¢V O−l¡u¡ pi¡ qu, −k±eLjÑ£−cl c¡¢h ¢e−u ¢haLÑpi¡ z −pM¡−e ap¢mj¡ e¡p¢le "c¤hÑ¡l'-Hl LaÑ¡hÉ¢š² J −eœ£−cl pl¡p¢l h−me -- f¢aa¡hª¢š−L −k±eLjÑ hm¤e Bl "L¡S'C hm¤e, H −a¡ f¤l¦oa−¿»l LckÑ fËa£L z f¤l¦−ol Bl¡j B−un BqÓ¡c −jV¡−e¡l SeÉ, f¤l¦−ol doÑL¡−jl ¢nL¡l qJu¡l SeÉ e¡l£−L ¢e−u¡¢Sa Ll¡ z −hnÉ¡ ¢e−u f¤l¦oa−¿»l g¨¢aÑ−a S£he L¡V¡−e¡l hÉhÙÛ¡−L ¢V¢L−u l¡M¡l c¡¢h −Le Ll−he Bfe¡l¡ ? B¢cj AaÉ¡Q¡−ll AåL¡−ll ¢hl¦−Ü ms¡C e¡ L−l V¡L¡l ¢h¢ej−u HC f¤l¦oa¿»−L hy¡¢Q−u l¡M¡u p¡¢jm −Le q−he ? c¡¢hc¡l "c¤hÑ¡l'-Hl L¡−R Hph Lb¡ fR¾cpC m¡−N¢e −h¡T¡ −N¢Rm z ay¡−cl ¢aeSe j¤Mf¡œ H−p¢R−me pi¡u z ¢e−S−cl c¡¢h −S¡l Nm¡u f¤el¡hª¢š L−l Q−m k¡e ay¡l¡, −L¡−e¡ ¢ha−LÑl p¤¤−k¡N e¡ ¢c−uC z j¤n¢Lm qm −k±eLjÑ£−cl hÉ¢š²Na j−el Mhl fËL¡n qu e¡ z ¢h¢iæ p−Çjme, pi¡, −p¢je¡l, NZj¡dÉ−j c¤hÑ¡l-Hl fËMl LjÑ£hš²¡l¡, Aá¥ai¡−h R−L hy¡d¡ Lb¡ phÑc¡ phÑœ HLC p¤¤−l h−m k¡e -- ""Bjl¡ f¢l−oh¡ ¢c¢μR z HV¡ HLV¡ "L¡S'z pj¡−S hý p¡wp¡¢lL Ap¤¤ÙÛa¡ L¡V¡−a p¡q¡kÉ L¢l Bjl¡ z −k±eLjÑ qm fËL«a LjÑ z Bjl¡ L¡−Sl ¢h¢ej−u AbÑ Ef¡SÑe L¢l z Bjl¡ nË¢j−Ll °hd A¢dL¡l c¡¢h L¢l z'' hÉ¡pÚ z −L¡−e¡ pl¡p¢l

16

¢ha−LÑ −k−a ay¡−cl M¤h Ae£q¡ z He¡−cl Lb¡…−m¡ h¡lh¡l öe−m −k-L¡l¦l j−e q−h −ke fM£fs¡ h¤¢m, −q¡jJu¡LÑ Ll¡, −ke −fRe −b−L Hy−cl j¤−M Lb¡…−m¡ h¢p−u −cJu¡ q−u−R z ... Bl Jyl¡ ? JC −k c§−l Bsø q−u cy¡¢s−u b¡L¡ Af¤ø ¢LÓø j¡j¤¢m p¡d¡lZ −k±eLjÑ£l¡, ¢hm¢Ln N¡−uœ£ f¡a¢e −lM¡ B−un¡ j¡m¡, ky¡−cl j¤M −b−L pq−S Lb¡ −h−l¡u e¡, ky¡l¡ ¢j¢R−ml −no ¢cL il¡V L−le phpju, Jyl¡ L£ h−me ? −n¡e¡ k¡u e¡ z j−el Bpm C−μR Bpm c¡¢h −a¡ S¡e¡ k¡u L¡−S, Lb¡u eu z HLV¥ −Qe¡ f¢lQu q−mC −h¡T¡ k¡u, "m¡C−e'l −j−u−cl ph¡lC j−el Lb¡ qm -- Bj¡−cl p¿¹¡el¡ −ke −L¡−e¡¢ce-C H m¡C−e e¡ B−p; a¡l¡ −ke −mM¡fs¡ ¢n−M iâ−m¡−Ll pj¡−S ¢j−n −k−a f¡−l z hRl M¡−eL B−N −nW N¢ml N£a¡ L¡N−S Mhl q−u¢Rm, R¢hpq z c¤hÑ¡l-Hl HC p¢œ²u pcpÉ¡ HXpÚ Bœ²¡¿¹ q−u−R, c¤hÑ¡l L¢j¢V a¡l ¢Q¢Lvp¡l c¡¢uaÆ ¢e−u¢Rm, fËQ¡l-j¡dÉ−j p¡q¡−kÉl B−hce S¡e¡−e¡ q−u¢Rm z p¤¤nË£ −Qq¡l¡l −pC −k±eLjÑ£ N£a¡ BS HXpÚ Hl jlZ-L¡j−s Lˆ¡mp¡l z H-q¡pf¡a¡m J-q¡pf¡a¡m O¤−l HMe ú¥m Ah VÊ¢fL¡m −j¢X¢pe-H dy¥L−R z c¤hÑ¡l a¡−L aÉ¡N L−l k¡u¢e AhnÉC, ¢L¿¹¥ N£a¡ a¡l Aa£a−L aÉ¡N Ll−a Q¡u z a¡l −no S£h−el HLj¡œ ¢Q¿¹¡ -- −j−u f§¢ZÑj¡ z −p k¡−a −L¡−e¡ BnËj h¡ −q¡−j hs q−u EW−a f¡−l, −ke −L¡−e¡¢ce a¡l j¡−ul f¡s¡u f¡ e¡ l¡−M z N£a¡ BS i¥−mJ c¡¢h L−l e¡ HC LckÑ −fn¡ ¢Vy−L b¡L¥L z −Lhmj¡œ N£a¡ eu, n¡¢¿¹f¤l −R¡Vh¡S¡−ll ¢nM¡ hp¡L, −nJs¡g¥¢ml ¢l¢ˆ iNv, lj¡ c¡p, −nW N¢ml n¡¢¿¹, L¡m£O¡−Vl Bpj¡ ¢h¢h -- HlLj n'−u n'−u −k±eLjÑ£ j¡ BfË¡Z −Qø¡ Q¡m¡−μRe ay¡−cl p¿¹¡e−cl H −fn¡ −b−L c§−l l¡M−a z ay¡l¡ −ki¡−hC −q¡L h¡μQ¡−cl −L¡−e¡ i¡−m¡ −q¡j h¡ BnËj h¡ −L¡−e¡ clc£ pwÙÛ¡l BnË−u l¡M−a Q¡C−Re MlQ MlQ¡ ¢c−u, −kM¡−e −mM¡fs¡ ¢n−M hs q−u Jl¡ iâpj¡−S ü¡i¡¢hL S£he-k¡fe Ll−a f¡l−h z −k±eL−jÑ ¢e−Sl −j−u−L ¢e−u Bp¡l SeÉ −fn¡-ü£L«¢al c¡¢h Hy−cl L¡l¦l eu z Bj¡−cl −Mu¡m fs−h, c¤hÑ¡l-Hl B−N Bl −L¡−e¡ −k±eLjÑ£ pwNWe h¡ −L¡−e¡ B…u¡e −k±eLjÑ£ HlLj c¡¢h L−l¢e z a¡q−m H L¡−cl c¡¢h ? −pV¡C N§t fËn Àz L¡−cl c¡¢h ? k¡−cl h¤¢Ü fl¡jnÑ f¢lLÒfe¡ Bl p¡q¡kÉ ¢e−u "c¤hÑ¡l' HC c¡¢hV¡−L a¡−cl −gØV¥−e a¥−m ¢e−u−R, −pC −efbÉQ¡l£ He. ¢S. J.-l −Q±Lo "iâ' O−ll f¢lQ¡mL, −eœ£ J pwÙÛ¡LjÑ£l¡ (ky¡l¡ −k±eLjÑ£ ee), ay¡l¡ ¢L H c¡¢hl p−‰ fËaÉri¡−h p¡¢jm q−he ? k¢c LM−e¡ −k±e−fn¡ H l¡−SÉ BC¢e ü£L«¢a f¡u, "−k±eLjÑ£ ¢e−u¡N L¢jne' °a¢l qu, aMe ¢L JC He. ¢S. J. LaÑ¡ LjÑ£l¡ ay−cl O−ll −j−u−cl −p "L¡S' ¢e−a f¡W¡−he ? S¡e¡ Lb¡ f¡W¡−he e¡ z −hnÉ¡l L¡S −LE p¡d L−l −eu e¡¢L ? hlw HMe −kje Ll−Re ay¡l¡, "iâ' pj¡−S −b−L, "iâ' ú¥m-L−m−S f−s "iâ' −L¢lu¡l Ll¡, "iâ' pwp¡l Ns¡, −plLjC Ll−he z ah¤ ¢L¿¹¥ Je¡l¡ −k±eLjÑ£−cl −fn¡-ü£L«¢al c¡¢h Bc¡−ul B−¾c¡m−e Cåe S¥¢N−u Q−m−Re z ¢q−p−hl Nl¢jmV¡ HM¡−eC z −Lje −ke A¢ip¢ål Nå f¡Ju¡ k¡u z a¡C, Aj¡e¢hLa¡ AjkÑ¡c¡ OªZ¡ m¡“e¡l −b−L j¤¢š²l üfÀ k¢c −cM−aC qu a−h HC ¢eL«ø −k±e−fn¡l ¢hLÒf −L¡−e¡ p¤¤ÙÛ ¢el¡fc L¡−Sl c¡¢h −Le eu ? −Le NË¡j-jgxü−ml c¡¢lâÉ-a¡¢sa −k±eLjÑ£ −j−u−cl ÙÛ¡e£ui¡−h AbÑ-pwÙÛ¡e fËL−Òfl c¡¢h EW−h e¡ ? H c¡¢h pq−S f§lZ qh¡l eu ¢WLC, ¢L¿¹¥ −L¡e p¡j¡¢SL AbÑ°e¢aL ms¡CV¡ pq−S −Sa¡ k¡u ? ms¡C Q¡¢m−u −a¡ −k−aC qu z "¢fV¡' h¡¢am L−l "−k±ehÉhp¡l °hda¡ L¡−uj Ll¡'V¡J ¢L pqS q−h ? 1997-H pÒV−mL −ØV¢Xu¡−jl −pC fËbj S¡a£u p−Çjm−e avL¡m£e ül¡øÊj¿»£ nË£ C¾cÊ¢Sv …ç üuw Ef¢ÙÛa −b−L −k±e−fn¡l −j−u−cl −VÊX CE¢eue N−s −a¡m¡u p¡q¡−kÉl fË¢anË¥¢a ¢c−u¢R−me, −pph BS −L¡b¡u ? C¾cÊ¢Svh¡h¤ fËu¡a q−u−Re z Bj¡−cl −c−n h¡ l¡−SÉ fË¢anË¥¢a l¡Mh¡l SeÉ −h¡dqu −cJu¡ qu e¡ z

17

AbÑ Bl l¡Se£¢al −Mm¡ Bjl¡ h¡lh¡l e¡e¡ l©−f −c¢M z −p −Mm¡u c¡h¡l Oy¥¢V q−h −Le "c¤hÑ¡l'? q¡S¡−l¡ h¢’a¡ m¡¢“a¡ −j−u−cl ¢e−u c¤hÑ¡l ms¡C k¢c Q¡m¡−aC qu a−h a¡ e¡l£l ÙÛ¡u£ −k±ec¡p£ q−u b¡L¡l ¢hl¦−Ü Q¡¢ma −q¡L z a¡−cl i¡¢P−u M¡Ju¡l −L±n−ml ¢hl¦−Ü pwOhÜ −k±eLjÑ£−cl fËL«a c¤hÑ¡l q−u JW¡ HMe ph−Q−u Sl¦l£ z

_______________________

c¤hÑ¡l j¢qm¡ pjeÄu L¢j¢V B−u¡¢Sa −k±eLjÑ£−cl fËbj S¡a£u p−Çjme-H −k±eLjÑ£−cl Sh¡eh¾c£ H-ms¡C Bj¡−cl ¢Sa−aC q−h

pj¡S −ke BS HL ea¥e i¨a −cM−R, Abh¡ k¤N k¤N d−l AåL¡−l −W−m l¡M¡ R¡u¡l¡ BS j¡e¤−ol l©f ¢e−μR h−mC Ha iu z Na L−uL hR−ll −k±eLjÑ£−cl B−¾c¡me Bj¡−cl pj¡S-S£he-−k±ea¡- -eÉ¡u-AeÉ¡u CaÉ¡¢c ¢ho−u hý fË−nÀl j¤−M¡j¤¢M H−e cy¡s L¢l−u−R z Bjl¡ j−e L¢l HC fËnÀ…−m¡l Ešl −My¡S¡ Hhw ea¥e ea¥e fËnÀ −a¡m¡ Bj¡−cl B−¾c¡m−el HL A¢h−μRcÉ Awn z −k±eLjÑ£−cl B−¾c¡me L£ ¢e−u 1992 p¡−m HCQ. BC. ¢i./HCXÚpÚ pwœ²jZ fË¢a−l¡d-−L¢¾cÊL ü¡−ÙÛÉl L¡S−L ¢O−l −p¡e¡N¡¢R A’−m −k±eLjÑ£−cl j−dÉ f¡lØf¢lL −k¡N¡−k¡−Nl, HL p−‰ L¡S Ll¡l, i¡hh¡l HLV¡ S¡uN¡ °a¢l Hhw Q¡m¤ Ll−a ¢N−u Bjl¡ f¢l×L¡li¡−h −Vl f¡C −k, A−eL hs p¡j¡¢SL hÉ¡¢d c§l e¡ Ll¡−m HC LjÑp§¢Q f¡me Ll¡ Apñh z −kje, −L¡−e¡ −k±eLjÑ£ a¡l M−Ÿl−L L−ä¡j hÉhq¡l Ll−a l¡¢S Ll¡−a f¡l−h ¢Le¡ - HC Bf¡a plm fË−nÀl EšlJ Bp−m −hn S¢Vm z A−eLi¡−h HC ¢hou¢V −cM¡ −k−a f¡−l z pwœ²jZ L£i¡−h qu, L£i¡−h L−ä¡j a¡ BVL¡−a f¡−l, pwœ²j−Zl gm L£ -- HC pqS abÉ…−m¡J −h¡T¡ Hhw −pC Aek¡u£ Qm¡l j−a¡ j−el −S¡l, ¢nr¡, HL¢V −k±eLjÑ£ −j−ul B−R ¢L ? œ²j¡Na ab¡L¢ba "f¡f hÉhp¡u' b¡L¡l NÔ¡¢e ¢e−u −k −hy−Q b¡−L, a¡l S£h−el c¡j ¢e−Sl L¡−RC LaV¥L ¥? −fn¡l −Q±q¢Ÿ−a hcm OV¡−e¡l p¡j¡eÉ rja¡V¥L¥J −k a¡l l−u−R -- −pC ¢hnÄ¡pC −p q¡¢l−u −g−m−R ; a¡ R¡s¡ h¡Ù¹h OVe¡ qm, −fV il¡−e¡l a¡¢N−c a¡−L hý−r−œC L¡ØVj¡−ll c¡¢h −j−eC L−ä¡j R¡s¡C pwNj Ll−a q−h z Bh¡l −k-M−Ÿl a¡l L¡−R Bp−R, −p −L¡−e¡ −j−ul L¡R −b−L, ¢h−noa "A¢n¢ra' eø N¢lh −j−uj¡e¤−ol L¡R −b−L −L¡eJ ¢LR¥ ¢nM−a l¡¢S q−h ¢L ? a¡l L¡−R −k±efõ£−a Bp¡V¡C ¢L Apwkj/ Ap¡hd¡ea¡l L¡S eu ? −p−r−œ HC pÇf−LÑl j−dÉ c¡¢uaÆ−h¡d, p¡hd¡ea¡ CaÉ¡¢c a¡l j¡e¢pLa¡l E−ÒV¡j¤M£ eu ¢L ? L−ä¡j f¤−l¡ g¨¢aÑl f−b HL Ae¡hnÉL h¡d¡ j¡œ z AeÉ¢c−L HC M−Ÿl f¤l¦o¢V, ¢e−SC −k A−eL −r−œ N¢lh, ¢Ræj§m j¡e¤o -- ¢e−Sl S£h−el j§mÉ, ü¡ÙÛÉ, p¡hd¡ea¡ CaÉ¡¢c pÇf−LÑ a¡lC h¡ −h¡d Lac§l ? HLC p−‰, −k −k±eLjÑ£ M−Ÿ−ll p−‰ L−ä¡j hÉhq¡−l BNËq£, −p-C Bh¡l −fË¢jL h¡ ü¡j£l p−‰ L−ä¡j hÉhq¡l L−le e¡ −Le ? hÉhp¡ Bl i¡mh¡p¡, p¡hd¡ea¡ Bl ¢hnÄ¡−pl −L¡eÚ ¢q−ph…−m¡ HM¡−e L¡S L−l ? −fËj, pwp¡l, j¡ qJu¡ −b−L öl¦ L−l e¡e¡e p¡j¡¢SL ¢hou ¢eu¿»Z L−l Ù»£-f¤l¦−ol −k±e pÇfLÑ Hhw pÇf−LÑl Q¡m¢Qœ z HClLji¡−h HLV¡ plm fË−nÀl B−m¡Qe¡ −b−LC Bjl¡ h¤T−a f¡¢l −k, ¢houV¡ Bp−m H−Lh¡−lC plm eu z −k±ea¡ Hhw −k±eLjÑ£−cl S£he-B−¾c¡me Bj¡−cl pj¡S hÉhÙÛ¡l L¡W¡−j¡l p−‰ pl¡p¢li¡−h k¤š² z BlJ La −fn¡l ja −k±e-f¢l−oh¡ Bl HLV¡ −fn¡ z pj¡−Sl …l¦aÆf§ZÑ HLV¡ Q¡¢qc¡ −jV¡u h−mC HC −fn¡u ¢ek¤š²

18

mr mr −j−u−cl Hhw f¤l¦o−cl nË−jl −L¡−e¡ p¡j¡¢SL jkÑ¡c¡ −eC z hlw E−ÒV B−R Afj¡e Bl Ahj¡ee¡ z nË¢j−Ll e§Éeaj A¢dL¡l Bj¡−cl −cJu¡ qu e¡ ,hlw l¡øÊ J a¡l f¤¢mnh¡¢qe£, l¡S°e¢aL …ä¡ , e¡e¡ c¡m¡m, e¡e¡ h¡q¡e¡u Bj¡−cl Jfl AaÉ¡Q¡l Q¡m¡u z HLSe −k±eLjÑ£l Jfl −k-AaÉ¡Q¡l Q¡m¡−e¡ k¡u, HLSe p¡d¡lZ nË¢j−Ll Jfl −p AaÉ¡Q¡l Q¡m¡−e¡ k¡u e¡ z L¡lZ "f¡f hÉhp¡' h−m e£¢al −c¡q¡C ¢c−u −k±eLjÑ£−cl AåL¡−l Nm¡ ¢V−f −l−M −cJu¡ k¡u z pj¡−Sl Bl fy¡QV¡ −fn¡l ja eÉ¡kÉ c¡¢hc¡Ju¡ ¢e−u −M¡m¡M¤¢m B−m¡Qe¡l p¤¤−k¡N HM¡−e −eC z k¢cJ h¡Ù¹−h −L¡−e¡ HLSeJ −k±eLjÑ£l p¡j¡¢SL f¤ehÑ¡pe pñh eu , a¡l L¡lZ pj¡−Sl Aü£L«¢a z −k±e−fn¡u HLh¡l Y¥L−m pj¡S a¡l N¡−u −k "R¡f' m¡¢N−u −cu, a¡ ¢LR¥−aC j¤−R −gm¡ k¡u e¡, H pj¡S a¡ i¥m−a −cu e¡ z a¡R¡s¡ −k-pj¡−S mr mr j¡e¤o −hL¡l −pM¡−e JC −fn¡u ¢ek¤š² q¡S¡l q¡S¡l −j−u−cl B¢bÑL f¤ehÑ¡pe B−c± ¢L pñh ? AeÉ¢c−L Bj¡−cl ¢e−u k¡l¡ i¡−he Hhw −LE −LE qu−a¡ M¤hC pq¡e¤i¨¢a ¢e−uC H¢N−u B−pe, a¡l¡J A¢dL¡wn pju HC −fn¡ hå Ll¡l c¡¢h h¡ Bj¡−cl f¤ehÑ¡p−el h¡C−l −h¢n c§l i¡h−a f¡−le e¡ z −k±e-e£¢al C¢aq¡pV¡ L£ ? j¡e¤−ol S£h−e Bl-fy¡QV¡ fËhª¢šl ja −k±ea¡l HLV¡ ü¡i¡¢hL i¨¢jL¡ B−R, fË−u¡Se B−R z j¡e¤o ab¡ pj¡−Sl ¢hL¡−nl fb d−lC S£he-S£¢hL¡u −k±ea¡ Hhw H-pÇf¢LÑa pjÙ¹ d¡lZ¡, A¢ihÉ¢š² J −h¡−dl fËL¡n J ¢hL¡n O−V−R k¤N k¤N d−l z pj¡S, f¢lh¡l CaÉ¡¢c NW−el p−‰ −k±ea¡ J −k±ea¡l d¡lZ¡ ¢e¢hsi¡−h pÇf¢LÑa z L¡lZ HC Evf¡ce-hÉhÙÛ¡ ab¡ Evf¡ce fË¢œ²u¡ HL¢c−L f¤l¦oa¡¢¿»L AeÉ¢c−L e¡l£-¢h−ào£ z a¡C j¡e¤−ol AeÉ¡eÉ fËhª¢šl j−a¡ −k±ea¡−LJ Bj¡−cl p¡j¡¢SL J j¡e¢pL L¡W¡−j¡ −b−L ¢h¢μRæ L−l −cM¡ k¡u e¡ z Bj¡−cl pj¡S J l¡−øÊl L¡W¡−j¡ −Lhmj¡œ Bj¡−cl −k±ea¡l HL Bw¢nL J pwL£ZÑ l©f−LC ü£L¡l L−l z −k±ea¡l HLV¡ fËd¡e ¢cL Bc−ll, p¤¤−Ml, Ae¤i−hl, L¡je¡-h¡pe¡l z HL¢c−L Bj¡−cl ¢n−Òf p¡¢q−aÉ Bjl¡ HC ¢e−u BMÉ¡e h¡e¡C , Bh¡l AeÉ¢c−L Bj¡−cl fËQ¢ma ¢hd¡−e −k±ea¡l HLj¡œ °e¢aL J BCe-ü£L«a Hm¡L¡ qm f¢lh¡li¥š² ¢hh¡¢qa S£h−e f¤l¦o J e¡l£l pÇfLÑ z AbÑ¡v, −k±ea¡l e¡e¡ A¢ihÉ¢š² J A¢i‘a¡l A¢Ù¹aÆ−L Aü£L¡l L−l, Bjl¡ a¡−L ¢e¢cÑø N¢äl j−dÉ BV−L¢R z ¢L¿¹¥ −Le ? f¤l¦o J e¡l£l −k±e¢jm−el j−dÉ ¢c−u ¢nöl SeÈ qu z Bj¡−cl C¢aq¡−p hÉ¢š²Na pÇf¢š °a¢l qJu¡l p−‰ p−‰ a¡−L ¢h−no −N¡ù£l q¡−a ¢V¢L−u l¡M¡l SeÉ "hwn' °a¢l Ll¡l fË−u¡Se qu z −i−h −cM−m −h¡T¡ k¡u, −k-e£¢a ¢e−u Bj¡−cl Ha j¡a¡j¡¢a, a¡ Bp−m k¤N k¤N d−l −L¡−e¡ ¢h−no "hw−nl' pÇf¢š J rja¡ AV¥V l¡M¡l SeÉ °a¢l Ll¡ z hm¡ h¡ýmÉ, Bj¡−cl hý k¤−Nl C¢aq¡p −k−qa¥ f¤l¦o−cl fË¡d¡−eÉl C¢aq¡p, HC "hw−nl' d¡lL J h¡qL f¤l¦ol¡C z Bj¡−cl i¡o¡uJ Bjl¡ a¡C h¢m -- hý "f¤l¦o' d−l −j−ul¡ HM¡−e −Lhmj¡œ SeÈ-−cJu¡l k¿» z HCi¡−h −k±ea¡ −b−L L¡je¡-h¡pe¡, Bcl, p¤¤−Ml Awn…−m¡−L h¡c ¢c−u pj¡S pÇj¡−el Bp−e hp¡−m¡ −Lhmj¡œ SeÈ −cJu¡l, "hwnlr¡l' L¡S¢V−LC, −k−qa¥ HC SeÈ −Lhm e¡l£-f¤l¦o ¢jm−eC qJu¡ pñh z −j−u−cl j−dÉ h¡ f¤l¦o−cl j−dÉ pjL¡j£ −k±e pÇfLÑ −Lhm Aü£L«aC eu, Ah¡¢“a, Aü¡i¡¢hL, Ap¤¤ÙÛ h−m ¢Q¢q²a qm z AbÑ¡v Se−el E−ŸnÉ R¡s¡ AeÉ −k±e ¢jm−el −L¡−e¡ ü£L«¢a lCm e¡ z Bjl¡ ¢L a¡q−m j¡a«aÆ−L Aü£L¡l L¢l ? −k−qa¥ Bjl¡ Hje HL −fn¡u B¢R −kM¡−e °hd j¡a«−aÆl −L¡e S¡uN¡ −eC, Bjl¡ ¢L N¡−ul T¡m −jV¡−a ph j¡a«−aÆl ¢hl¦−Ü −Sq¡c −O¡oZ¡ Ll¢R ? a¡ eu z −L¡e −j−u k¢c j¡ q−a Q¡u a¡q−m a¡l AhnÉC −pC Q¡¢qc¡ f§lZ Ll¡l A¢dL¡l B−R z ¢L¿¹¥ j¡a«aÆ−L e¡l£−aÆl Qlj h¡ flj f¢lf§ZÑa¡ h−m fËQ¡l Bp−m f¤l¦oa¡¢¿»L pj¡−S −j−u−cl p¡j¡¢SL Hhw −k±e ü¡d£ea¡−L cje Ll¡l HLV¡ −L±nm z f¢lh¡−ll j−dÉ j¡a«aÆl m−rÉC −ke a¡l −k±ea¡l HLj¡œ fËL¡n OV−a h¡dÉ z AeÉ¢c−L, Bjl¡

19

−k±eLjÑ£l¡J A−e−LC j¡ z −pC p¿¹¡el¡ Bj¡−cl M¤h ¢fËu z pj¡−Sl i¡o¡u a¡−cl A−e−LlC "h¡−fl ¢WL −eC', ¢L¿¹¥ Hl j−dÉJ HC j¡a«aÆ "hwn' lr¡l pwL£ZÑ c¡h£, ¢ejÑj c¡−ul −b−L ¢LR¥V¡ j¤¢š² −cu z HC j¡a«aÆ M¡¢eLV¡ −j−u−cl ¢e−Sl z k¢cJ hªqšl pj¡−Sl e¡l£aÆ J j¡a«−aÆl d¡lZ¡ −b−L Bjl¡ LMeJ f¤−l¡f¤¢l j¤š² q−a f¡¢l e¡ z f¢lh¡l, pwp¡−ll Apñha¡ Bl h¡pe¡ hý −k±eLjÑ£ −j−ul S£h−e ¢QlÙÛ¡u£ k¿»Z¡l Evp z −k±ea¡u ¢L −j−u-f¤l¦−ol pj¡e A¢dL¡l ? pj¡S k¢c p¢aÉC −k±ea¡−L −N¡fe, f¢hœ, SeÈc¡e−L¢¾cÊL L¡S h−mC j−e L−l a¡ q−m HC pwœ²¡¿¹ ¢h¢d¢e−od…−m¡ e¡l£-f¤l¦o ¢e¢hÑ−n−o ph¡l Jf−lC pj¡ei¡−h fË−u¡N qJu¡ E¢Qa; ¢L¿¹¥ a¡ qu e¡ z −k S−eÈl f¢hœa¡ lr¡l SeÉ Ha L¡ä, a¡ j§ma −kje f¤l¦o p¿¹¡−el, −aj¢e −k±ea¡l A¢dL¡lJ f¤−l¡f¤¢l f¤l¦−ol q¡−a z djÑ−i−c ¢LR¥ BQ¡l ¢hQ¡−l pwú¡l OV−mJ hý ¢hh¡−ql h¡ HL¡¢dL e¡l£ pwp−NÑl hýN¡¢ja¡l p¡j¡¢SL n¡Ù»£u ¢hd¡−el h¡C−l −k p¡j¡¢SL S£h−e Bjl¡ h¡p L¢l a¡l fËQ¢ma h¡d¡- ¢e−od…−m¡C h¡ L£ dl−el ? HL¢V −j−u ¢L−n¡l£ q−a e¡ q−aC a¡l Q¡mQme ¢eu¢¿»a qu -- eC−m f¤l¦−ol M¡l¡f eS−l fs−h z ¢hnÄ¢hcÉ¡m−ul ¢c¢cj¢Z p¡−m¡u¡l L¡¢jS f−l LÓ¡p ¢e−a f¡−le e¡ z Bh¡l HC ¢emÑ‹ f¤l¦oa¡¢¿»L AaÉ¡Q¡l−L "I¢aqÉ' "n¡m£ea¡l' e¡−j ü£L«¢a c¡Ju¡ qu z −j−u −cM¡l e¡j L−l f¡−œl f¤l¦o A¢ii¡hLl¡ −j−u−cl nl£l My¥¢V−u −c−Me -- k¡−a i¢hoÉv fËSeÈ (Bh¡l −pC hwn) p¤¤mrZk¤š² J −N±lhZÑ qu z HLC p−‰ mr mr −k±e f¢œL¡u −j−u−cl R¢h f¤l¦o−cl cnÑL¡j −jV¡u z −R−m−cl c¡¢s L¡j¡h¡l pl”¡j −b−L h¡bl¦−jl ¢g¢VwpÚ fkÑ¿¹ e¡e¡ ¢h‘¡f−e p¤¤¾cl£l¡ f¤l¦−ol je il¡u z hm¡ h¡ýmÉ, HC p¡j¡¢SL f¢l−h−n, p¡wú«¢aL hÉhp¡u, −j−u−cl ¢eSü −k±ea¡l −L¡−e¡ S¡uN¡C fË¡u −eC z a¡−cl nl£l Y¡L−a qu f¤l¦−ol i−u z Bh¡l nl£l M¤−m −cM¡−aJ qu f¤l¦−ol j−e¡l”−e z BSL¡m ¢h‘¡f−e, Qm¢μQœ Hhw AeÉ¡eÉ j¡dÉ−j ¢h¢iæ ¢S¢e−pl −œ²a¡ ¢q−p−h −j−u−cl −cM¡ k¡−μR z HL¢c−L ¢LR¥V¡ ü¡d£ea¡l Bi¡p ¢jm−mJ HC i¨¢jL¡ A−eL Aw−nC f¤l¦o-¢e¢cÑø Hhw fZÉ J œ²urja¡ ¢eiÑl, −kM¡−e −j−u−cl f§ZÑ q−u JW¡, BLoÑZ£u qJu¡, phC ¢eiÑl L−l a¡−cl fup¡l −S¡−ll Jfl z Bj¡−cl B−¾c¡me ¢L f¤l¦o-¢h−l¡d£ ? Bj¡−cl B−¾c¡me AhnÉC f¤l¦oa¿» ¢h−l¡d£ , ¢L¿¹¥ hÉ¢š²f¤l¦o ¢h−l¡d£ eu z −k±e hÉhp¡u ¢LR¥ O−ll j¡¢mL¡e¡ −j−u−cl q¡−a b¡L−mJ −k BsL¡¢Wl¡ d−l B−e, −k c¡m¡ml¡ M−Ÿl −k¡N¡u, −k jÙ¹¡e, f¤¢mn Hhw −n¡oZk¿» HC hÉhp¡l Jfl flN¡R¡l ja −hy−Q b¡−L, a¡l¡ ph¡C f¤l¦o z a¡l −Q−uJ hs Lb¡ a¡−cl e¡l£ Hhw −k±e−fn¡ pÇf−LÑ d¡lZ¡ L−W¡li¡−h f¤l¦oa¡¢¿»L z a¡l¡ e¡l£−cl p¡d¡lZi¡−h Arj/fl¢eiÑln£m/ Q¢lœq£e¡/A−k¡NÉ¡/A¢h−hQL CaÉ¡¢c A¢id¡u ¢Q¢q²a L−l Hhw HC phÑNË¡p£ j§mÉ−h¡−dl nš² hyd−e hy¡d¡fs¡ p¡d¡lZ j¡e¤o (Ù»£, f¤l¦o Ei−u) −k±eLjÑ£−cl −n¡oZ J ¢ef£se−L ü¡i¡¢hL J fË−u¡Se£u ¢eu¿»Z£ fË¢œ²u¡ h−m j−e L−l z rja¡l jS¡ HjeC −k, c£OÑ fËi¡−h HC ja¡cnÑ "phÑSe£e' l©f ¢e−u−R z Bjl¡ −k±eLjÑ£l¡J ¢e−S−cl f¤l¦o−cl −Q¡−M "−hq¡u¡, eø' ¢q−p−h −cM−a AiÉÙ¹ qC z f¤l¦ol¡ k¡l¡ Bj¡−cl L¡−R B−p a¡l¡J HC Ahcj−el ¢nL¡l qu z LMeJ HC f¡f−h¡d "¢e¢oÜ' L¡−Sl E−šSe¡ h¡s¡u, LMeJ ¢hL«¢al SeÈ −cu, Bh¡l LMeJ BaÈNÔ¡¢el pª¢ø L−l z ¢L¿¹¥ fË¡u LMeC ü¡i¡¢hL pw−k¡−Nl, ¢jm−el, BaÈ¢hnÄ¡p h¡ jkÑ¡c¡ −cu e¡ z "f¤l¦o' h−m HL Lb¡u ph¡C−L hZÑe¡ Ll¡ k¡u e¡ z f¤l¦o j¡−e A−eL lL−jl j¡e¤o -- a¡l¡ p¡j¡¢SLi¡−h Evf¡ce fË¢œ²u¡u ¢h¢iæ fkÑ¡−u S¢sa l−u−R, a¡−cl ph¡l f−r pj¡S Hhw f¢lh¡l-¢eu¢¿»a −k±e BQlZ¢h¢d −j−e Qm¡ öd¤ Apñh eu, hý−r−œ Ah¡Ù¹hJ h−V z −k Evf¡ce fË¢œ²u¡ Q¡m¤ l¡M¡l SeÉ f¢lh¡−ll SeÈ, −pC fË¢œ²u¡C Bh¡l fËbj −k±h−e −k f¤l¦o AeÉ e¡l£l pwpNÑ Q¡u, −k nË¢jL nq−l Eà¡Ù¹¥, Ol-f¢lSe −b−L hý c§−l, f¢lh¡l f¢laÉš², −k k¤h−Ll f¢lh¡−ll N¢ä−a −Y¡L¡l p¡jbÑÉ −eC, a¡−cl L¡je¡-h¡pe¡ Hhw Eo·a¡ −My¡S¡l

20

ü¡i¡¢hL a¡se¡−L ¢hL«a Ap¡j¡¢SL Hhw Afl¡d£ ¢qp¡−h f¢lh¡−ll j¡e¤o−L ¢h¢μRæ L−l z f¢lh¡l−L °al£ L−l e¡l£ Ahcj−el L¡W¡−j¡ ¢qp¡−h z e¡l£ Q¢lœ ¢eu¿»−Zl e¡j ¢e−×foZ Hhw hý−r−œ e¡l£-f¤l¦o Ei−ul f−rC −k ü¡i¡¢hL p¤¤ÙÛ pÇfLÑ ¢qp¡−h N−s JW¡ pñh ¢Rm a¡−L Lm¤¢oa J ¢hdÆÙ¹ Ll¡−L pjbÑe Ll¡ k¡u e¡ z hlw j¡e¤−ol üi¡−hl fË−u¡S−el Hhw j¡e¢pL h¡pe¡-L¡je¡l ¢cL¢V−L Ah−qm¡ ab¡ Aü£L¡l Ll¡ −L¡−e¡ p¤¤ÙÛa¡l mrZ eu z Bj¡−cl pj¡−S HCph fË−u¡S−el −L¡eJ pqS ü£L«¢a −eC z AbQ HC Aü£L«¢a HL Ap¤¤ÙÛ f¢l−hn °a¢l L−l−R -- k¡l i¡l e¡l£-f¤l¦o ph¡C−L hC−a q−mJ, −h¢n BO¡a H−p f−s −j−u−cl Efl z −k −L¡−e¡ LmL¡lM¡e¡, VÊ¡L B—¡, N−”l f¡−n ph k¤−NC °a¢l qu h¡ q−u−R −hnÉ¡f¡s¡ z −k j¤e¡g¡l hÉhp¡ f¤l¦o nË¢jL−L ¢Ræj§m L−l, −pC hÉhÙÛ¡C −j−u−cl −k±enË¢jL L−l a¥−m B−e −pC f¤l¦−ol fË−u¡Se −jV¡−a z c¤x−Ml ¢hou HC −k, f¤l¦oa−¿»l −nLs Bj¡−cl j−el HaC Ni£−l Hhw HC hÉhÙÛ¡ p¡d¡lZi¡−h f¤l¦o−cl ü¡bÑlr¡ L−l h−m Bj¡−cl l¡S°e¢aL, AbÑ°e¢aL B−¾c¡m−e −j−u−cl fËnÀC −ajei¡−h LMeJ S¡uN¡ f¡ue¡, −k±eLjÑ£−cl fËnÀ −a¡ c§lÙÛ¡e z −k-f¤l¦o nË¢jL −n¡o−Zl ¢hl¦−Ü c¡¢h c¡Ju¡ ¢e−u m−s, −j−u−cl hÉ¡f¡−l −p-J ¢L¿¹¥ h¡lh¡l f¤l¦oa−¿»l, f¢lh¡la−¿»l fa¡L¡ d−l, −n¡o−Ll i¨¢jL¡C −eu z Bjl¡ ¢L f¢lh¡−ll ¢hl¦−Ü ? pj¡−Sl −Q¡−M Bjl¡, −k±eLjÑ£ −j−ul¡ h¡ B−l¡ hsi¡−h ¢hh¡¢qa S£h−el h¡C−l ph −j−ul¡C, −ke f¢lh¡−ll fËd¡e nœ ¥z Bj¡−cl fË−m¡i−e f¤l¦o ¢hfbN¡j£ qu, pwp¡l i¡−P -- H ašÄ hýk¤N d−l djÑk¡S−Ll¡, pj¡Sf¢al¡ fËQ¡l L−l−Re z −pC −R¡–−hm¡l −b−L f¢lh¡−ll N¢ä−a, −m¡LfËb¡u, fËb¡Na ¢nr¡ fË¢aù¡−e, ab¡ Bj¡−cl fË¢a¢V ¢œ²u¡ fË¢œ²u¡u HC d¡lZ¡ h¡ ¢hnÄ¡p−L j−el j−dÉ Ni£li¡−h −Ny−b −cJu¡ qu, °a¢l Ll¡ qu e¡l£ ¢h−ào, −k ¢hnÄ¡−pl ¢nL¡l e¡l£ Hhw f¤l¦o Ei−uC z Bjl¡ Bh¡l cªta¡l p−‰ −O¡oZ¡ Ll¢R −k Bj¡−cl H B−¾c¡me f¢lh¡−ll ¢hl¦−Ü eu z hlw Bjl¡ f¢lh¡−ll d¡lZ¡, a¡l Qm¢a −Qq¡l¡l j−dÉ −k Ap¡j¡eÉ f£se, rja¡l à¾à J AfhÉhq¡l Qm−R -- a¡C ¢e−uC fËnÀ a¥m−a Q¡C z −pC A−bÑ HC B−¾c¡me HL Eæa Hhw p¢aÉL¡−ll j¡e¢hL f¢lh¡l N−s −a¡m¡l pf−r HL −S¡lc¡l fËu¡p -- −k±eLjÑ£−cl B−¾c¡me p¡j¢NËLi¡−h −pC e¡l£-h¡c£ B−¾c¡me−L n¢š²n¡m£ Ll−h z −k±eLjÑ£l¡J BS p¡b£ q−a Q¡u, p¡jbÑÉ −k¡N¡−a Q¡u hªqšl B−¾c¡m−e z Qlj-p¢aÉ Lb¡ hm−a ¢L BS −kph −j−ul¡ −k±e −fn¡u k¤š², a¡−cl−L −fn¡ −h−R ¢e−a q−u−R j§ma f¡¢lh¡¢lL AaÉ¡Q¡l J f£s−el ¢nL¡l q−u z Bl fy¡QV¡ p¡j¡¢SL fË¢aù¡−el ja f¢lh¡l J l¡øÊ pj¡−Sl p−‰ k¤š² ; Hl j§m ¢i¢š qm hwn, lš² Hhw −k±e Be¤NaÉ z C¢aq¡−pl p−‰ p−‰ f¢lh¡−ll L¡W¡−j¡−a hý f¢lhaÑe O−V−R z HL¡æhaÑ£ f¢lh¡−ll S¡uN¡u H−p−R HL-cÇf¢a ¢i¢šL AZ¤-f¢lh¡l z Hl −fR−e L¡lZ A−eL -- −k±bQ¡−ol L¡S −R−s hÉ¢š²¢i¢šL Q¡Ll£, NË¡j −b−L nq−l Bp¡ CaÉ¡¢c z k¢c c¤Se j¡e¤o flØfl−L i¡m−h−p HLp−‰ b¡L−a Q¡u, p¿¹¡e−cl pj¡ei¡−h j¡e¤o Ll−a Q¡u, pj¡−Sl p−‰ pÇf−LÑ Ss¡−a Q¡u, a¡l −Q−u i¡m NZa¡¢¿»L hÉhÙÛ¡ Bl ¢L-C h¡ q−a f¡−l z ¢L¿¹¥ h¡Ù¹h ¢L a¡C ? Bj¡−cl Q¡lf¡−n hý f¢lh¡−l −L¡−e¡ i¡mh¡p¡ −eC, AaÉ¡Q¡l B−R, i¡a L¡f−sl ¢h¢ej−u Ù»£ −pM¡−e −k±e-LjÑ£ j¡œ z A¢dL¡wn −r−œ −j−u−cl rja¡ −eC, p¤¤−k¡N −eC HC pÇfLÑ −b−L −h¢l−u H−p AeÉ S£he −h−R −eJu¡l z Bh¡l ¢LR¥ −r−œ ü¡j£-Ù»£ c¤S−eC S¡e¡−h¡T¡ p−šÄJ pj¡¢SL Q¡−f ¢h−u Hhw f¢lh¡l ¢V¢L−u l¡M−a h¡dÉ qu z HC AhÙÛz ¢L L¡jÉ ? ü¡ÙÛÉLl ? e¡l£ ¢eu¿»−Zl pqS l¡Ù¹¡ -- pa£ Apa£l R¡è¡ HC −k −Q−f hp¡ f¢lh¡la¿», Apj c¡ÇfaÉ pÇfLÑ, a¡l fËd¡e nœ¥ ¢q−p−hJ −cM¡e qu −j−u−cl −k±ea¡−LC z i¡N L−l ¢c−u n¡pe Ll¡l HC ¢eu−j °a¢l qu Ù»£ he¡j f¢aa¡l ¢hi¡Se Abh¡ pa£ he¡j Apa£l NÒf z

21

pa£p¡dÆ£ Ù»£l −L¡−e¡ −k±ea¡ b¡−L e¡ -- öd¤ j¡ qJu¡ Bl pwp¡−ll L¡S z a¡l ¢WL E−ÒV¡ fË¡−¿¹ b¡−L "eø' −j−uj¡e¤o, −k Bh¡l ¢eRL HL¢V −k±ea¿» -- j¡a«aÆ, pwp¡−ll L¡S a¡l SeÉ eu z Hl j¡TM¡−e −j−u−cl i¡−m¡j−¾cl ¢hQ¡l Q−m a¡−cl −k±ea¡ m¤¢L−u l¡M¡l CμR¡ h¡ −Qø¡l Jfl ¢i¢š L−l z f¡s¡l −j−u −h¢n p¡S−m M¡l¡f, j−Xm ¢Lwh¡ Qm¢μQ−œl e¡¢uL¡ A−eLV¡C eø CaÉ¡¢c z HC f¤−l¡ hÉ¡f¡lV¡C −j−u−cl −k±ea¡l p‰£ °a¢l L−l f¤l¦ol¡ −j−u−cl −k±ea¡ ¢eu¿»Z Ll−a Q¡u z a¡−cl p¤¤¢hd¡ −jV¡−a, a¡−cl °a¢l Ll¡ pj¡−Sl L¡W¡−j¡ AV¥V l¡M−a z HL ¢c−L pwp¡l-f¢lh¡l hy¡Q¡−a a¡l Ù»£ B−R, AeÉ ¢c−L a¡l −k±eL¡je¡ −jV¡−a B−R −k±eLjÑ£l¡, −j−u−cl −k±ea¡l ü¡d£e ü£L«¢a −L¡b¡J −eC z Bj¡−cl −k±eLjÑ£−cl j−a¡ Ha −h¢n L−l Bl −h¡dqu −LE S¡−e e¡, L£ Ni£l ¢exp‰a¡, L£ k¿»Z¡ J B¢aÑl −b−L L£ fËhm L¡je¡ f¤l¦o−L Bj¡−cl L¡−R ¢e−u B−p z −k±e¢œ²u¡ HL¢V k¡¢¿»L fË¢œ²u¡ eu Hhw −rœ¢h−n−o a¡vr¢ZL E−šSe¡l Efnj Ll−mJ −k±e Ae¤i¨¢a J Be−¾cl f§ZÑa¡ −cu e¡ z n¡l£¢lL p‰−jl h¡C−lJ Øf−nÑl A¿¹l‰a¡l p−MÉl Ae¤i−hl HL ¢hl¡V f¢l−oh¡ Bjl¡ ¢cC, −k −k±ea¡l, −k L¡−Sl, −L¡−e¡ j§mÉ pj¡S Bj¡−cl −cu e¡ z f¤l¦o HC fË−u¡S−e Bj¡−cl L¡−R Bp−a f¡−l z −N¡fe q−mJ a¡l HLV¡ ü£L«a L¡W¡−j¡ B−R, ¢hn¡m HLV¡ hÉhp¡ B−R z −L¡eJ −j−ul −k±e L¡je¡ −jV¡−a −k±eLjÑ£−cl f¢l−oh¡ NËqZ Ll¡l −L¡−e¡ hÉhÙÛ¡ −eC z a¡l üd£e −k±ea¡l −L¡−e¡ ü£L«¢aC −eC z −p öd¤ −k±e hÉhp¡u Ss¡−a f¡−l ¢e−SC −k±eLjÑ£ q−u z −j−ul¡ −k±e hÉhp¡u B−p −Le ? AeÉ Bl fy¡QV¡ −fn¡u j¡e¤o −k L¡l−Z k¡u, −p-i¡−hC −k±e hÉhp¡u A¢dL¡wn −j−uC B−p −f−Vl a¡se¡u z −k ¢hq¡l£ jS¥l LmL¡a¡u ¢lLn¡ Q¡m¡u Abh¡ −k h¡P¡m£ nË¢jL h−ðl ¢j−m ¢WL¡ L¡S L−l, Bj¡−cl NÒf a¡l −b−L Bm¡c¡ eu z −LE −LE ¢h¢œ² q−u Q−m B−p z −hn ¢LR¥ hRl j¡m¢L−el c¡p£ q−u nËj ¢h¢œ² L−l d£−l d£−l hÉhp¡l −r−œ ¢LR¥V¡ ü¡d£ea¡ f¡u z Bh¡l −hn ¢LR¥ −j−u S£h−el e¡e¡ A¢i‘a¡l j−dÉ ¢c−u HM¡−e H−p −fy±R¡u -- A−eL pjuC f¤−l¡f¤¢l ph e¡ −S−e, f¤−l¡f¤¢l ¢e−Sl C−μR−a eu z ¢L¿¹¥ HLb¡ h¡lh¡l j−e l¡M¡ clL¡l −k, p¡d¡lZi¡−h −j−ul¡ ¢L f¢lh¡−l ¢L f¢lh¡−ll h¡C−l ¢e−Sl C−μR−a Q−m e¡ z −j−ul¡ ¢L öd¤j¡œ −k±e hÉhp¡u −Y¡−L ¢e−Sl C−μRl ¢hl¦−Ü ? h¡h¤l h¡¢s−a Q¡L¢l Ll−a k¡Ju¡, ¢h−u Ll¡, p¿¹¡ed¡lZ Ll¡ -- Hl −L¡−e¡ −r−œC −a¡ −j−u−cl CμR¡-A¢eμR¡l −L¡−e¡ i¨¢jL¡ −eC z Bj¡−cl pj¡−S −j−u−cl, ¢h−noa N¢lh rja¡q£e f¢lh¡−l, j¡e¤o−cl C−μR - A¢e−μR ¢e−u −LE j¡b¡ O¡j¡u e¡ z HlJ Jfl −j−u−cl S£he ¢eu¢¿»a qu f¤l¦−ol CμR¡-A¢eμR¡u z ¢L¿¹¥ −j−ul¡ ah¤ −Le HC −fn¡u b¡L−a h¡dÉ qu ? −k±e−fn¡ HL L¢We −fn¡ z ¢c−e HL¡¢dL f¤l¦o−L NËqZ Ll¡l L¡S HL k¡¢¿»L f¢lnËj z Hl M¡V¥¢e −mc Q¡m¡−e¡ h¡ Q¡−ol L¡−Sl −Q−u Lj eu z L¡−SC Hl j−dÉ −k±eLjÑ£l −k±e a¡se¡ f¢la«ç qJu¡l NÒf ¢eRL NÒfC z HR¡s¡ b¡−L e¡e¡e pwœ²j−Zl pñ¡he¡, h¡lh¡l Ah¡¢“a NiÑ−j¡Q−el k¿»Z¡ Bl Ty¥¢L z A¢dL¡wn fõ£−aC ¢is −h¢n z −j−ul¡ −h¢nl i¡NC N¢lh, f¢l−hn Aü¡ÙÛÉLl, h¡bl¦j f¡uM¡e¡l hÉhÙÛ¡ Lj, c¡m¡m−cl AaÉ¡Q¡l, f¤¢m−nl S¥m¤j Qm−aC b¡−L z HC ph¢LR¥l Jfl S¢s−u b¡−L p¡j¡¢SL Ahj¡ee¡ -- eø qJu¡l R¡f z ü£L«¢aq£e ¢nöl j¡ qJu¡l Ap¤¤¢h−d, hs qJu¡l f−b a¡−cl e¡e¡ m¡“e¡ Hhw −pC −b−L j¡−ul Jfl a¡−cl l¡N z −j−u- p¿¹¡e q−m HLV¥L¥ hup −b−LC a¡−L ¢e−u ¢Q¿¹¡ z −k f¢lh¡−l ¢h−ul L¡W¡−j¡u Bj¡−cl −L¡−e¡ ü£L«¢a −eC , −j−u−L −pC ¢el¡fš¡ −k¡N¡s L−l −cJu¡l fË¡ZfZ −Qø¡ BaÈNÔ¡¢el, n¡l£¢lL j¡e¢pL L−øl z H-HL ¢ejÑj SNv z Bjl¡ ¢L Ah¡d −k±ea¡ Q¡C ? e¡, Bjl¡ Q¡C ü¡d£e −k±ea¡ z "Ah¡d −k±ea¡' Lb¡V¡l p−‰ S¢s−u B−R k−bμR¡Q¡l, Apwk−jl C¢‰a z HC ¢hou…−m¡ fËb¡Nai¡−h B−m¡Qe¡ L−l, Ahcje L−l, pjpÉ¡l pj¡d¡e Bj¡−cl pj¡−S qu¢e, q−hJ e¡ z Bjl¡ ¢hnÄ¡p L¢l l¡S°e¢aL ü¡d£ea¡, AbÑ°e¢aL ü¡d£ea¡, h¡LÚ ü¡d£ea¡, ph dl−el ü¡d£ea¡l −fR−eC b¡−L c¡¢uaÆ−h¡−dl fËnÀ,, A−eÉl A¢dL¡l ü£L¡l Ll¡, pÇj¡e S¡e¡−e¡l fËnÀ z HC ¢i¢š−a −k±e ü¡d£ea¡ H−m

22

a¡−a Apwk−jl fËnÀ Bl-fy¡QV¡ ¢ho−ul jaC pj¡e …l¦aÆ f¡−h z Bjl¡ Q¡C −k±ea¡−L −Q−f −l−M lNl−N B−m¡Qe¡l h¡C−l fËL¡nÉ, ü¡i¡¢hL, p¡hm£m ¢haLÑ z k¢c fËnÀ J−W -- ü¡d£e −k±ea¡ L£ ? Bjl¡ hmh HC j¤q¨−aÑ a¡l −N¡V¡ R¢h Bj¡−cl p¡j−e −eC z Bjl¡ −M−V M¡Ju¡ j¡e¤o, i¢hoÉvâø¡ eC z fª¢bh£l C¢aq¡−p nË¢jLl¡ kMe c¡¢h c¡Ju¡ ¢e−u m−s−R, L¡−m¡ j¡e¤o kMe p¡c¡−cl hZÑ°ho−jÉl ¢hl¦−Ü j¡b¡ a¥−m cy¡¢s−u−R, aMe ea¥e −k hÉhÙÛ¡ a¡l¡ Q¡u, a¡l f¤−l¡ d¡lZ¡ a¡l¡ −LEC ¢c−a f¡−l¢e z −pC R¢h B−N ¢e¢cÑø −L¡eJ i¢hoÉv q−u °a¢l q−u b¡−L e¡ -- B−¾c¡m−el j−dÉ ¢c−uC °a¢l qu z Bjl¡ BS öd¤ HCV¥L¥ hm−a f¡¢l −k, HC −k±ea¡ e¡l£ f¤l¦−ol pj¡e A¢dL¡l ü£L¡l Ll−h z H−a pj¡ei¡−h −k¡Nc¡−el, qyÉ¡ Hhw e¡ hm¡l A¢dL¡l, ph¡l b¡L−h z H−a f¡f−h¡−dl −L¡−e¡ L¡lZ Hhw AaÉ¡Q¡−ll −L¡−e¡ S¡uN¡ b¡L−h e¡ z Bjl¡ BS HL BcnÑ pj¡−S h¡p L¢l e¡ z ph ¢c−L BcnÑ −L¡−e¡ pj¡S −L¡eÚ f−b L−h Bp−h Bjl¡ S¡¢e e¡ z Bjl¡ Bn¡ L¢l Hje −L¡−e¡ HL ¢ce Bp−h, −k-¢ce −k±e hÉhp¡−ul fË−u¡Se −ial −b−LC O¤−Q k¡−h z Bjl¡ BS öd¤ Hl Ap¡−jÉl ¢cL…−m¡ a¥−m dl−a, kb¡p¡dÉ c§l Ll−a −Qø¡ Q¡¢m−u −k−a f¡¢l z Bj¡−cl B−¾c¡me −L¡e f−b ? Bjl¡ j−e L¢l Bj¡−cl B−¾c¡m−el c¤−V¡ ¢cL B−R z HL¢c−L pj¡−Sl hý ¢jbÉ¡ e£¢a−h¡d, Apj ¢hd¡e, AaÉ¡Q¡l£ cnÑ−el ¢hl¦−Ü B−¾c¡me, k¡ c£OÑ¢ce d−l hý Bm¡f B−m¡Qe¡, fËQ¡l, fË¢ah¡c, ja-¢h¢ej−ul j−dÉ ¢c−u Bj¡−cl Q¡¢m−u −k−a q−h ; AeÉ¢c−L HC j§mÉ−h¡−dl BnËu ¢e−u Bj¡−cl Jfl fË¢a¢ce −k AaÉ¡Q¡l Q−m a¡l ¢hl¦−Ü Bj¡−cl l¦−M cy¡s¡−a q−h z −k j¡m¢Le eÉ¡kÉ f¡Je¡ −cu e¡, −k c¡m¡m WL¡u, −k j¡Ù¹¡e …ä¡¢j j¡ldl L−l, −k f¤¢mn C−μRj−a¡ Bj¡−cl Q¥−ml j¤¢W d−l S¥m¤j Q¡m¡u -- a¡−cl ¢hl¦−Ü l¦−M cy¡s¡−a q−h z HC L¡S öl¦ q−u−R z BS fõ£−a Bj¡−cl −j−u−cl pwNWe j¡b¡ a¥−m cy¡s¡−μR z f¤l¦o −k±eLjÑ£l¡J Bj¡−cl f¡−n c¤hÑ¡l j¢qm¡ pjeÄu L¢j¢V j§ma j¢qm¡ −k±eLjÑ£−cl ¢e−uC öl¦ q−u¢Rmz BS Bj¡−cl pwNW−e f¤l¦o −k±eLjÑ£l¡J −k¡N ¢c−u−Re z HC f¤l¦o −k±eLjÑ£l¡ pjL¡j£ f¤l¦o M−Ÿl−cl −k±e f¢l−oh¡ −ce z −k−qa¥ pjL¡j Bj¡−cl pj¡−S BlJ Aü£L«a, HC nË¢jL−cl AhÙÛ¡ A−eL¢cL −b−L BlJ pjpÉ¡pwL¥m z Bjl¡ Q¡C −k±b B−¾c¡m−el j¡dÉ−j Hy−cl ü£L«¢al ¢hou pj¡ei¡−h E−W Bp¤¤L z −k±eLjÑ£−cl B−¾c¡me Qm−R z H B−¾c¡me b¡j−h e¡ z Bjl¡ ¢hnÄ¡p L¢l HC B−¾c¡me −k-fËnÀ…−m¡ a¥−m d−l−R a¡ j§ma −k±eLjÑ£−clC öd¤ eu, pL−ml -- −k j¡e¤o ¢e−Sl −ia−l Hhw h¡C−l Ahcje−L fËnÀ L−l, Ap¡jÉ AeÉ¡u AaÉ¡Q¡l −b−L j¤š² HL fª¢bh£ Q¡u, HC B−¾c¡me a¡−cl ph¡l z −k±ea¡ Bj¡−cl j−el nl£−ll HL …l¦aÆf§ZÑ Awn, H−L Aü£L¡l Ll¡ j¡−e Af§ZÑa¡−L −j−e −eJu¡ Hhw HC ¢eu¿»Z−L −L¾cÊ L−l BlJ e¡e¡ Ap¡jÉ−L ¢V¢L−u l¡M¡ z BS−Ll ¢c−e cy¡¢s−u C¢aq¡p −h¡dqu Bj¡−cl HLb¡C −nM¡u −k, f¢lhaÑe pqS eu z rja¡-dÉ¡ed¡lZ¡l −k L¢We L¡W¡−j¡ L¡S L−l, −k-−nLs Bj¡−cl Ni£−l Y¥−L k¡u, a¡l p−‰ pq−S −Sa¡ k¡u e¡ -- m−s −k−a qu z H ms¡C öd¤ S£he J S£¢hL¡l ms¡C eu zH ms¡C e¡l£-f¤l¦−ol Ap¡−jÉl ¢hl¦−Ü f¢lh¡la−¿»l A¢hQ¡l J Aj¡e¢hLa¡l ¢hl¦−Ü -- H ms¡C a¡C HC p¤¤ÙÛ üi¡¢hL S£he J f¢lh¡l pª¢øl pf−r; eÉ¡u ab¡ p¡jÉh¡−cl pf−r h¢mù "−Sq¡c' z H-ms¡C a¡C Bj¡−cl pL−ml z Bl H ms¡C Bj¡−cl ¢Sa−aC q−h z c¤hÑ¡l j¢qm¡ pjeÄu L¢j¢Vl Ae¤j¢aœ²−j f¤ejѨ¢âa

23

N¢ZL¡l A¢dL¡l

p¾c£f h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u

p¤¤i¡o−Z N¢ZL¡ h¡ −hnÉ¡−cl HMe e¡j −cJu¡ q−u−R "−k±eLjÑ£ ', Bl pÇfË¢a a¡l¡ Mh−ll ¢n−l¡e¡−j Bp−R z a¡l¡ −k±ehÙ¹¥ ¢q−p−h Mhl e¡ q−u HLV¡ B−¾c¡m−e AwnNËq−Zl SeÉ Mh−l Bp−R HV¡ B−l¡ …l¦aÆf§ZÑ z A¿¹a B−m¡Qe¡l HLV¡ ¢hou ¢q−p−h "f¢aa¡'−cl S¡uN¡ −b−L HV¡ HLV¡ EšlZ z 14 -16 e−iðl 1997-H LmL¡a¡u Ae¤¢ùa −k±eLjÑ£−cl S¡a£u p−Çjm−el hÉ¡f¡lV¡ i¡l−al NZj¡dÉ−j phÑœ Mhl ¢q−p−h H−p−R z HC p−Çjm−el E−cÉ¡š²¡ qm f¢ÕQjh−‰l −k±eLjÑ£−cl HL pwNWe "c¤hÑ¡l j¢qm¡ pjeÄu L¢j¢V' (pw−r−f öd¤ "c¤hÑ¡l') z Leg¡−l−¾p −k c¡¢h E−W H−p−R a¡ qm −hnÉ¡−cl "nË¢jL' ¢q−p−h −j−e ¢e−a q−h Hhw a¡−cl hÉhp¡V¡−L HLV¡ "−fn¡'-l ü£L«¢a ¢c−a q−h z HC c¡¢h ¢L p¢aÉC HC −j−u−cl ¢eSü c¡¢h ? e¡¢L a¡−cl fË¢a Bf¡a-pq¡¢ei¨¢an£m −L¡−e¡ h¡C−ll n¢š² a¡−cl j¤−M HC c¡¢h h¢p−u ¢c−u−R ? −p k¡C −q¡L, c¡¢hV¡ −a¡m¡ q−u−R, Hhw HC c¡¢hV¡ Hje HLV¡ fËnÀ k¡l Ešl pj¡S−L Hh¡l ¢c−a q−h z −L e¡ S¡−e e¡j hcm¡−mC −L¡−e¡ ¢S¢e−pl A¿¹hÑÙ¹¥ hcm¡−h a¡ hm¡ k¡u e¡ z −hnÉ¡−cl "−k±eLjÑ£' h−m X¡L−mC a¡l¡ nË¢j−Ll p¡j¡¢SL AhÙÛ¡e h¡ A¢dL¡l −f−u k¡u e¡ z p¤¤al¡w Leg¡−l¾p −k c¡¢hV¡ a¥−m−R a¡l am¡u m¤¢L−u B−R HC −j±¢mL fËnÀ x −hnÉ¡−cl −Le nË¢j−Ll jkÑ¡c¡ −cJu¡ q−h e¡ ? a¡l¡ ¢L "nËj' ¢c−u a¡−cl Aæ Ef¡SÑe L−l e¡ ? L¡lM¡e¡l h¡ −raM¡j¡−ll nË¢j−Ll j−a¡C a¡l¡ ¢L a¡−cl −c−ql EfS¡a nËjn¢š² ¢h¢œ² L−l e¡ ? ¢L¿¹¥ a¡−cl L¡S ¢L −L¡−e¡i¡−h (pj¡−Sl) Evf¡ce-hÉhÙÛ¡l p−‰ S¢sa ? euC h¡ −Le ? HLSe −hnÉ¡ L¡S L−l ¢e−Sl Hhw a¡l −R−m−j−ul Aæ −S¡N¡u, Hje¢L A−eL pju −k f¢lh¡l −p −R−s H−p−R a¡lJ fË¢af¡me L−l z −L¡e e¡ −L¡−e¡ j¡e¤o−L hy¡¢Q−u l¡M−a a¡l B−ul fË¢aV¡ fup¡ MlQ qu z H k¢c Evf¡ce e¡ qu a−h Bl Evf¡ce fË¢œ²u¡−L ¢Li¡−h pw‘¡¢ua Ll¡ −k−a f¡−l ? p¡d¡lZa ¢ha−LÑl HC S¡uN¡u HLV¡ Aá¥a °q °Q qu -- ¢haLÑ −a¡m¡ qu x −Q¡l-X¡L¡a, j¡cLf¡Q¡lL¡l£ Hhw AeÉ ph Afl¡d£l¡J −a¡ a¡−cl L¡S ¢c−u a¡−cl f¢lh¡l−L hy¡¢Q−u l¡M−R -- −hnÉ¡−cl L¡SV¡l ü£L«¢a ¢c−a q−m a¡−cl L¡−SlJ ü£L«¢a −cJu¡ E¢Qa z HV¡ AaÉ¿¹ f¤l−e¡ k¤¢š² z jq¡aÈ¡ N¡¢å HC k¤¢š²l Aha¡lZ¡ L−l¢R−me z 1930-Hl cn−L haÑj¡e h¡wm¡−c−nl h¢ln¡−m nlv −O¡o e¡jL HL N¡¢åh¡c£ pwNWL −pC −Sm¡l −hnÉ¡−cl HL pwNWe N−s −a¡m¡l −Qø¡ L−le z ¢a¢e kMe jq¡aÈ¡l ja¡ja S¡e−a Q¡e, aMe N¡¢å h−me -- H L¡S−L Ae¤−j¡ce ¢c−m "−Q¡l-X¡L¡a'−clJ ¢eSü pwNWe N−s a¥m−a −cJu¡ E¢Qa z jq¡aÈ¡l j¿¹hÉ −hnÉ¡hª¢š−L Afl¡d h¡ "f¡fL¡S' ¢qp¡−h −nË¢Zi¥š² L−l z H dl−el k¤¢š² M¤hC −n¡e¡ k¡u, a¡C k¤¢š²V¡−L My¥¢V−u −cM¡ clL¡l z fËbj ¢houV¡ q'm HL A−bÑ Afl¡d£l¡J nË¢jL z j¡LÑp −a¡ Hac§l Ah¢d h−m−Re −k, Afl¡d£−L "Evf¡cL' hm¡ k¡u −Lee¡ −p −Lhm Afl¡dC Evf¡ce L−l e¡, a¡l SeÉC −g±Sc¡l£ BC−el pª¢ø ..... pª¢ø −N¡V¡ f¤¢mn£ hÉhÙÛ¡ J −g±Sc¡l£ ¢hQ¡l hÉhÙÛ¡l, k¡ −b−L h¡Ù¹h pÇfc hª¢Ü f¡u z j¡LÑ−pl i¡o¡l NW−el Ni£la¡u −k hɉ m¤¢L−u B−R a¡−a HLSe Afl¡d£−L Evf¡cL hm¡l j−dÉ ¢c−u ¢L¿¹¥ a¡l Afl¡dj§mL L¡S−L pjbÑe Ll¡ q−μRe¡, hlw HV¡−L h¡Ù¹h AhÙÛ¡l HL ¢hhlZ hm¡ −k−a f¡−l z

24

¢L¿¹¥ −hnÉ¡hª¢šl ja pw−hcen£m HLV¡ ¢hou ¢e−u −Lhm h¡Ù¹h AhÙÛ¡l ¢hhl−Z ¢L p¿¹¥ø b¡L¡ k¡u ? AhnÉC eu z °e¢aLa¡l HL¡¿¹ fË−u¡Se c¡¢h L−l h−m ¢houV¡−L a¡l ¢e¢cÑø, S¢Vm f¢l−fË¢r−a My¥¢V−u −cM¡ −q¡L z fËbja −hnÉ¡ Hhw −Q¡l-X¡L¡−al j−dÉ a¥me¡ Ll¡V¡ i¥m z −Lee¡ HLSe −hnÉ¡ L¡E−L WL¡u e¡ h¡ L¡−l¡l ¢LR¥ qlZ L−l e¡, hlw a¡lC BaÈpÇj¡e, p¡j¡¢SL f¢lQu qlZ Ll¡ qu z ¢àa£ua, −L¡ei¡−hC −hnÉ¡hª¢š−L Afl¡dj§mL L¡S hm¡ k¡u e¡ z −hnÉ¡hª¢šl ¢hl¦−Ü °e¢aL k¤¢š²…−m¡ qm e£¢ah¡N£n−cl k¤¢š² z nl£l qm f¡ff¤−ZÉl HLj¡œ Bd¡l, Hhw a¡C nl£l−L −L¡−e¡i¡−h "c§¢oa' Ll¡ Qm−h e¡ -- HV¡ −k±epÇf−LÑl −r−œ f¤l¦o-fË¡d¡eÉ hS¡u l¡M¡l SeÉ ¢fa«a−¿»l h¡e¡−e¡ HL e£¢an¡Ù» z C¢aq¡p, eªašÄ J p¡¢qaÉ −b−L Hl p¡rÉ −j−m z Hh¡l −k±eL−jÑl SeÉ fup¡ −cJu¡l fËnÀV¡−a Bp¡ k¡L z fup¡l SeÉ ¢L L¡−l¡ nl£l −hQ¡ E¢Qa ? fËnÀV¡ S¢Vm, Hhw a¡l A¢åp¢¾c My¥−S −cM¡ clL¡l z k¢c −L¡−e¡ e¡l£ fup¡l ¢h¢ej−u nl£l ¢h¢œ² Ll−h HV¡ ¢ÙÛl L−l, h¡ ¢hfl£a ¢m−‰l c¤Se flØf−ll L¡R −b−L −k±e Be¾c œ²u-¢hœ²−u l¡¢S qu, a−h a¡−L "A°e¢aL' hm¡ p¢aÉC L¢We z HLV¡ k¤¢š²pwNa Lb¡ qm −k, j¡e¤−ol nl£l HL¡¿¹i¡−h a¡l hÉ¢š²pšÄ¡l Awn Hhw a¡−a Af−ll qÙ¹−rf h¡“e£u eu z ¢L¿¹¥ k¢c −L¡−e¡ hÉ¢š² −pV¡C Ll−a l¡¢S qu, a¡q−m −L¡−e¡ °e¢aL h¡ BC¢e glj¡−e a¡l −p A¢dL¡l MhÑ Ll¡V¡C h¡ LaV¡ E¢Qa ? H fË−nÀ A−eLlLj k¤¢š² E−W B−p, Hhw Bj¡−cl M¤h S¢Vm J ¢ha¢LÑa S¡uN¡u −f±yR−a qu z k¤¢š² J fË¢a-k¤¢š²l ms¡C−a −LE Hje ¢pÜ¡−¿¹ −f±yR−aC f¡−le −k, −hnÉ¡hª¢š−a −L¡−e¡ i¥m h¡ "A°e¢aL' ¢LR¥C −eC z

−N¡fe LjÑp§Q£ fËb−jC HV¡ f¢l×L¡l L−l h−m −eJu¡ i¡−m¡ −k haÑj¡e −mML −hnÉ¡hª¢šl f¤−l¡f¤¢l ¢hl¦−Ü, −Lee¡ H hª¢š j¡eha¡l Aheje OV¡u z l¡−pm −kje h−m−Re -- H qm fËhª¢š¢h−l¡d£ S£he z °S¢hL, j¡e¢pL, e¡¾c¢eL Hhw °e¢aL, k¡ha£u lLj −j±¢mL j¡eha¡l ¢h−l¡d£ H¢V z HLSe −hnÉ¡l nl£l −Lhmj¡œ ¢qwpËa¡l HLV¡ "cªnÉ' eu hlw a¡l hÉ¢š²pšÄ¡ J BaÈpÇj¡e−h¡−dl Jfl ¢qwpË Bœ²j−Zl "−rœ'J h−V z ¢L¿¹¥ HM¡−e HL¢V Lb¡ hm¡l fË−u¡Se B−R z −n¡oZj§mL HC hÉhp¡u Aheje l−u−R −pC R¥−a¡u H hÉhp¡u k¡l¡ l−u−R a¡−cl nË¢j−Ll jkÑ¡c¡ Aü£L¡l Ll¡ k¡ue¡ z −k p¡g¡CJu¡m¡ j¡e¤−ol jmj¤−œl f¡œ hqe L−l a¡l L¡S a¡l BaÈjkÑ¡c¡l Jfl HL AaÉ¡Q¡l z ¢L¿¹¥ a¡ h−m ¢L HC p¡g¡CJu¡m¡ HLSe nË¢jL eu ? p¡g¡CJu¡m¡l Lb¡ −a¡m¡l j¡−e HC eu −k, −hnÉ¡hª¢š J jmj§œ f¢l×L¡l Ll¡l L¡S c¤−V¡ HL z −k j¡e¢hL Aheje HLSe −hnÉ¡l S£h−e A¿¹mÑ£e q−u b¡−L a¡ B−l¡ iu¡eL, −Lee¡ a¡ ph pj−u ra pª¢ø L−l z f§−hÑ¡š² Leg¡−l−¾p −k j§m −mM¡V¡ f¡W Ll¡ qu a¡−a −hnÉ¡hª¢š Bl-fy¡QV¡ p¡j¡¢SL hª¢šl pj¡e h−m −O¡oZ¡ Ll¡ q−u−R z Lmˆ −j¡R¡l Rm L−l H hš²hÉ fË¡¿¹h¡¢pe£−cl S£h−e k¿»Z¡ju raV¡−LC −Y−L ¢c−a Q¡C−R z Bl −L e¡ S¡−e −hnÉ¡l¡ qm pj¡−Sl A−¿¹h¡p£−cl j−dÉJ A¿¹ÉS z Leg¡−l−¾pl −k j§m −mM¡V¡l Lb¡ hm¢R a¡−a hm¡ q−μR, −hnÉ¡hª¢š qm pj¡S−L HL dl−el "−ph¡' −cJu¡ z H−a hm¡ q−u−R --- "−k±eL−jÑl h¡C−lJ Bjl¡ hý¢hd −k±ep¤¤M ¢c−u b¡¢L −k-−ph¡l …l¦aÆ ü£L«aC qu e¡ z' haÑj¡e ¢h−nÄ −hnÉ¡hª¢š−L "Bw¢nL pj−ul Ù»£ ' hm¡l −k fËhZa¡, a¡l p−‰ H hš²hÉ M¤h M¡f −M−u k¡u z H−a aLÑ Ll¡ q−u−R −k HLSe −hnÉ¡ a¡l M−Ÿl−L −k±ep¤¤−Ml p−‰ "O¢eùa¡, ØfnÑ J pqj¢jÑa¡' −cu, −k M−Ÿl qu−a¡ −L¡−e¡ fËh¡p£ jSc¤l, h¡ qu−a¡ −L¡−e¡ A¢hh¡¢qa h¡ ¢hfaÀ£L, h¡ a¡l −k±eS£h−e −L¡−e¡i¡−h Ap¤¤M£ z

25

p¢aÉ Lb¡ hm−a ¢L Hje pw‘¡l j−dÉ ¢LR¥ p¢aÉ −a¡ l−u−R z ¢L¿¹¥ −ki¡−h HV¡ l¡M¡ q−μR a¡l −ial HLV¡ a’La¡ B−R z −mM¡V¡l −mMLl¡ ¢e¢ÕQai¡−hC ¢e−Sl¡ −hnÉ¡ ee, a¡l¡ −hnÉ¡hª¢šl E¢Lm z ay¡−cl E¢Qa ¢Rm l¡Ù¹¡u cy¡¢s−u b¡L¡ Iph −j−u−cl HLh¡l ¢S−‘p L−l −cM¡ −k a¡l¡ Ap¤¤M£ j¡e¤o−cl −ph¡ Ll¡l jq¡e E−ŸnÉ ¢e−u −hnÉ¡hª¢šl m¡C−e H−p−R ¢L e¡ z ph¡C S¡−e −k fË¡u ph −r−œC hÉ¡f¡lV¡ i¡−m¡ L−l h¤Th¡l B−NC HCph −j−ul¡ −c−M a¡−cl HC hÉhp¡u −V−e e¡j¡−e¡ q−u−R -- a¡−cl −S−eh¤−T ¢pÜ¡¿¹ −eJu¡ −a¡ c§−ll Lb¡ z Hhw a¡l M−Ÿ−ll p−‰ a¡l fËbj −k±eL−jÑl A¢i‘a¡ kMe qu aMe a¡l fË¡u A‘¡e AhÙÛ¡ z nl£−ll H ra œ²jn ö¢L−u k¡u ¢L¿¹¥ a¡l h¡¢L S£heV¡ S¥−s fËhm A−d¡Nj−el −Qae¡ a¡−L ¢Ry−s M¡u ; fË¢aV¡ p§−kÑ¡c−u a¡l j−dÉ HC "A¢inç' S£he −R−s −h−l¡−e¡l ea¥e C−μR SeÈ −eu z "−ph¡' Ll¡l hÉ¡f¡lV¡ a¡C A−eÉl hp¡−e¡ d¡lZ¡ z Sh¡C Ll¡ fö−L f¢hœ hm¡l j−a¡C e¡l£j¡w−pl hÉhp¡−L −ph¡l j¢qj¡ −cJu¡V¡ iä¡¢j z i¡o¡l −L±n−m H qm Q¡¢f−u −cJu¡l hÉ¡f¡l−L −üμR¡hl−Z j¢qj¡¢eÄa Ll¡ z −L¡−e¡ HL Aa£−a N¢ZL¡−cl HL Aw−nl ¢h−e¡¢ce£l i¨¢jL¡ p¡j¡¢SL ü£L«¢a −fa J a¡−cl A¢dL¡l l¡øÊhÉhÙÛ¡u p¤¤l¢ra ¢Rm -- HV¡ Aeü£L¡kÑ z ¢L¿¹¥ HMe h¡¢Z¢SÉL ¢i¢š−a −k±e-hÉhp¡ ab¡ −hnÉ¡hª¢š −ki¡−h Q−m −pV¡ pÇf¨ZÑ AeÉ hÉ¡f¡l z LmL¡a¡l −p¡e¡N¡¢R h¡ −h±h¡S¡−ll N¢ml −j−ul¡ fË¡Q£e i¡la£u p¡¢q−aÉl Q¢lœ −L¡−e¡ hp¿¹−pe¡ h¡ h¡phcš¡ eu z H hÉhp¡ HMe −ki¡−h Q−m a¡−a Eiuf−rl pÇj¢a h¡ eÉ¡up‰a Q¥¢š²l −L¡eJ S¡uN¡ −eC z B−R −Lhm AaÉ¡Q¡l -- ¢e¢oÜ fõ£−a HLj¡œ −k i¡o¡ Q−m a¡ qm ¢qwp¡l i¡o¡ z c¤hÑ¡−ll Leg¡−l¾p Bf¡acª¢ø−a −hnÉ¡−cl q¡l¡−e¡ jkÑ¡c¡ ¢g¢l−u Be−a Q¡C−R, a¡l SeÉ H hÉhp¡u eÉ¡up‰a Bc¡efËc¡e Q¡m¤ Ll−a Q¡C−R, H−L HL "¢nÒf' h¡ Cä¡¢ØVÊl Ù¹−l a¥m−a Q¡C−R z −hnÉ¡−cl pj¡−Sl j§m−pË¡−a, f¡¢lh¡¢lL S£h−e, ¢g¢l−u Be¡l Lb¡−L Hl¡ hɉ Ll−R, −Lee¡ "pj¡S LM−e¡ Bj¡−cl −hnÉ¡ f¢lQu i¥m−a −c−he¡ z' a¡C k¢c qu a−h H hª¢š−L ¢n−Òfl Ù¹−l Eæ£a Ll−m c¤hÑ¡−ll i¡o¡u "haÑj¡e °hojÉ Hhw A¢hQ¡l' −Lje L−l c§l q−h ? pjÙ¹ j¡e¢hL pÇfLÑ…−m¡−L B¢bÑL ¢h¢ej−u f¢lZa Ll¡l −k fË¢œ²u¡ Q¡m¤ l−u−R a¡l −fË¢r−a ¢L HC Be¤ù¡¢eL ü£L«¢al g−m e¡l£l Ahcj−el B−lL ea¥e AdÉ¡u l¢Qa q−he¡ ? −no Lb¡ qm, HC −ph¡l hÉ¡f¡lV¡ ¢L f¤l¦o−cl pÇf¨ZÑ f−rC k¡ue¡ ? k¢cJ Bj¡−cl pj¡−S c¤ Q¡lSe f¤l¦o- −hnÉ¡ l−u−R, ah¤ p¡d¡lZi¡−h hm¡ k¡u ü¡j£-f¢laÉš², ¢hdh¡, h¡ ¢hh¡¢qa S£h−e Ap¤¤M£ −j−u−cl SeÉ −a¡ Hje "−ph¡'-l −L¡−e¡ hÉhÙÛ¡ −eC z Leg¡−l−¾pl Ef−l¡š² −mM¡−a f¤l¦o J e¡l£ −hnÉ¡−cl HLCi¡−h ¢Q¢q²a L−l j§m hÉ¡f¡lV¡−a CμR¡L«a −dy¡u¡n¡l pª¢ø Ll¡ q−u−R z f¤l¦o −hnÉ¡l¡ ¢e−Sl¡C ¢j¢Xu¡l p¡j−e h−m−R −k a¡l¡ −üμR¡u â¥a A−bÑ¡f¡SÑ−el SeÉ H m¡C−e H−p−R z −k −j−u−cl C−μR A¢e−μRl −L¡−e¡lLj −a¡u¡‚¡ e¡ −l−M −cq hÉhp¡−u −V−e Be¡ q−u−R a¡−cl p−‰ −L¡−e¡ k¤¢š²−aC HC f¤l¦o −hnÉ¡−cl HL p¡¢l−a l¡M¡ k¡u e¡ z E−õM−k¡NÉ hÉ¡f¡l qm −j−u −hnÉ¡−cl A−e−LC HlLj HL L−l −cM¡l ¢h−l¡¢da¡ Ll−R z a¡−cl −LE −LE h−m−R - "Jl¡ −a¡ −R−m z Jl¡ L¡lM¡e¡u −M−V −M−a f¡−l -- −pM¡−e J−cl −a¡ −LE Bj¡−cl ja −k±e ¢ef£se Ll−h e¡ z' JC −j−u¢V−L k¢c p¡wh¡¢cL fËnÀ Ll−ae −k a¡−cl −fn¡V¡−L −p HLV¡ "−ph¡' h−m i¡−h ¢Le¡, a−h ¢a¢e ¢eÕQu HC hÉhp¡−L pj¡−Sl …l¦aÆf§ZÑ −ph¡L¡kÑ h−m H −fn¡l j¢qj¡ h¡s¡−e¡l Aa¥Évp¡q£ fË−Qø¡u a¡l Bf¢šl Lb¡C öe−ae z pj¡−S HLV¡ p¢aÉL¡−ll Q¡¢qc¡ −jV¡−μR −hnÉ¡hª¢š, Hl HLV¡ …l¦aÆf§ZÑ p¡j¡¢SL fË−u¡Se l−u−R - H k¤¢š² ph−Q−u A°e¢aL z pj¡−S pÙ¹¡ nË−jl fË−u¡Se l−u−R phpj−uC, p¤¤al¡w Lj c¡−j jS¥l plhl¡q Ll¡l SeÉC ¢L ¢LR¥ −m¡L−L hy¡Q−a q−h ? Bl −k±ehÉhp¡−L BCepÇja Ll−mC −k±e Afl¡d J −k±e ¢hL«¢a Lj−h -- H c¡¢hl p−‰J HLja qJu¡ nš² z −kph −c−n −hnÉ¡hª¢š BCepÇja h¡ H ¢e−u ¢h−no p¡j¡¢SL ¢d‚¡l −eC −pph −c−nl A¢i‘a¡ HC ja−L pjbÑe L−le¡ z B−j¢lL¡l −fË¢p−X−¾Vl ¢hl¦−ÜJ −k±e −L−mˆ¡¢ll ¢hQ¡l qu z

26

ü¢h−l¡d

a¡q−m Bjl¡ −L¡b¡u −f±yRm¡j ! Bjl¡ hm¢R, −hnÉ¡−cl nË¢j−Ll jkÑ¡c¡ Q¡C, ¢L¿¹¥ HLC p¡−b −hnÉ¡hª¢š BCepÇja Ll¡ h¡ a¡−L eÉ¡kÉ hÉ¡f¡l hm¡l Bjl¡ ¢h−l¡¢da¡ Ll¢R z Bj¡−cl hš²−hÉ ¢e¢ÕQai¡−h ü¢h−l¡−dl Bi¡p l−u−R -- Hhw H ü¢h−l¡d Bj¡−cl p¡j¡¢SL h¡Ù¹ha¡ fËp§a z −hnÉ¡−cl nË¢j−Ll jkÑ¡c¡ ¢c−mC a¡−cl hÉhp¡u A¿¹¢eÑ¢qa −k Aj¡e¢hLa¡ l−u−R a¡−L eÉ¡up‰a hm−a qu e¡ z Hhw HC hÉhp¡ Qm−aC b¡L−h -- HLb¡ hm¡lJ clL¡l f−s e¡ z Bjl¡ kMe h¾c£−cl A¢dL¡l c¡¢h L¢l aMe ¢eÕQC Bjl¡ h¢m e¡, −k Afl¡−d −p h¾c£ −pV¡−LJ BCepÇja −O¡oZ¡ Ll¡ −q¡L z A¢dL¡−ll −k fËnÀ ¢e−u Bjl¡ B−m¡Qe¡ Ll¢R, öd¤j¡œ BCe¢pÜa¡ −pM¡−e HLj¡œ ¢h−hQÉ ¢hou eu, j¡e¢hL fËnÀV¡ a¡l Q¡C−a hs z Bjl¡ Bn¡ L¢l nË¢j−Ll A¢dL¡l −f−m HCph e¡l£−cl −j±¢mL j¡e¢hL A¢dL¡l m´O−el q¡a −b−L lr¡ f¡h¡l Ef¡u q−h, Hhw HC HLC fÜ¢al d¡l¡h¡¢qLa¡u HC −n¡oZj§mL hÉhp¡lJ Ahp¡e q−h z Bjl¡ M¤h −i−h¢Q−¿¹C hm¢R "−no' q−h, "E¢W−u −cJu¡' q−h hm¢R e¡ z "E¢W−u −cJu¡'-l j−dÉ −S¡l M¡V¡−e¡l −k hÉ¡f¡l b¡−L −pV¡ Bjl¡ Q¡C e¡, pjbÑe L¢l e¡ z k¢c nË¢j−Ll jkÑ¡c¡ f¡h¡l c¡¢h −b−L H hÉhp¡l h¡C−l pj¡−S f¤exfË¢a¢ùa qh¡l A¢dL¡−l EšlZ e¡ O−V, a−h HC B−¾c¡me −no fkÑÉ¿¹ ¢qwpË HL hÉhp¡l f−r JL¡m¢a−a fkÑh¢pa q−h z BμR¡, nË¢j−Ll A¢dL¡l hm−a Bjl¡ ¢WL L£ h¤¢T ? −VÊX CE¢eue Ns¡l A¢dL¡l ? HC fËnÀV¡l Ešl −i−h −cM¡ clL¡l z Bj¡−cl L¡−R −h¢n Sl¦l£ qm BCe£ hÉhÙÛ¡ J −hBCe£ jÙ¹¡e-j¡¢gu¡-f¤¢mn hÉhÙÛ¡ ¢c−u −ke HC −j−u−cl Jfl AaÉ¡Q¡lV¡ e¡ Q−m z plL¡l H−cl ¢eu¢ja ü¡ÙÛÉ fl£r¡l J ¢Q¢Lvp¡l hÉhÙÛ¡ Ll¦L, k¡−a H−cl −R−m−j−ul¡ ¢he¡ h¡d¡u ú¥−m i¢aÑ q−u fs¡öe¡ Ll−a f¡−l a¡l hÉhÙÛ¡ Ll¦L z −L¡−e¡ −hnÉ¡ kMe AaÉ¡Q¡l h¡ qul¡¢el A¢i−k¡−N f¤¢m−nl L¡−R k¡−h aMe f¤¢mn a¡l A¢i−k¡N e¢bi¥š² Ll¦L Hhw k¡l¡ l¡Ù¹¡l −j−u−cl e¡e¡i¡−h EaÉš² Ll¡l AiÉ¡p L−l −g−m−R a¡−cl ¢hl¦−Ü hÉhÙÛ¡ ¢eL z ÙÛ¡e£u LÓ¡h…−m¡l Ae¤ù¡−e −hnÉ¡−cl −R−m−j−u−cl pj¡ei¡−h AwnNËqZ Ll−a −cJu¡ −q¡L z j¢qm¡ L¢jne HCph −j−u−cl fË¢a¢e¢d−cl p−‰ ¢eu¢jai¡−h Lb¡ hm¤L, e¡l£−cl Jfl ¢qwp¡aÈL L¡kÑLm¡−fl ¢h−l¡¢da¡l B−¾c¡m−e H−cl BqÄ¡e Ll¡ −q¡L z Bjl¡ Hje f¢l−hn °a¢l L¢l −kM¡−e H−cl −ke Bl eø −j−u h−m i¡h¡ e¡ qu z −noa, −hnÉ¡−cl A¢i‘a¡ h−m Jf−l −k Lb¡…−m¡ hm¡ q−u−R a¡ ¢L¿¹¥ haÑj¡e −mM−Ll L¢Òfa ¢LR¥ eu z −mML LmL¡a¡l −hnÉ¡−cl j−dÉ huú ¢nr¡l −fË¡NË¡−j k¤š² ¢R−me z 1998 p¡−m ja¡cnÑNa ¢h−l¡−dl L¡l−Z −mML JC fËLÒf −b−L p−l B−pe z ay¡l R¡œ£−cl L¡−R ¢a¢e k¡ ö−e−Re ¢a¢e −pV¡C Hi¡−h ¢m−M−Re z

(颾Vu¡l f¢œL¡l 14 −ghË¥u¡l£ 1998 pwMÉ¡u fËL¡¢na j§m Cw−lS£ −mM¡l h¡wm¡ Ae¤h¡c z −mM−Ll Ae¤j¢a ¢e−u fËL¡¢na z Ae¤h¡cL x Su¿¹ c¡p )

f¡a¡ 27-57 l SeÉ HM¡®e ¢LÓL Ll¤e

http://www.utsamanush.com/BookCollection/JOUNO_SPL_05-pp27-58.pdf