JUVENILE DELINQUENCYPresented to Dr. Maimul Ahsan Khan

Professor of Law & Adviser

Presented by Sadiya Sultana Silvee Program: LL.B Honors

Batch: 1103

ContentsJuvenile DelinquencyHistoryTypesCharacteristics Theories Juvenile Delinquent activity Crimes and offensive behaviorStatistics In Bangladesh Measures in Other CountriesPrevention

JUVENILE DELINQUENCY

•Crime- is an act harmful not only to an individual, but also to the community or the state. Such acts are forbidden and punishable by law.

•Juvenile Delinquent- a person who is under the age of 18 commits an act that otherwise would have been charged as a crime if they were an adult.

•Juvenile Delinquency- also known as youth crime, is participation in illegal behaviour by minors (<18)

WHY TREAT JUVENILES DIFFERENTLY

•juveniles are young and may easily change• more susceptible to treatment

•juveniles have a high rate of ‘desistance’• most never get in trouble again

•juveniles’ families important to their lives• state acts in partnership w/ family to treat child

•juveniles are easily influenced by peers• juvenile crime is a group phenomenon• removed from the group, child will behave

•juveniles have little responsibility for others• easier to get them to isolate & modify behavior

HISTORY

•Delinquency problems began to receive public attention particularly since the establishment of justice for juvenile delinquents (juvenile court) in 1899 in Illinois , USA.

Types

Juvenile DELINQUENCY

CHARACTERISTICS

1. The delinquency rates are many time higher for boys than girls.

2. The delinquency rates are tend to be highest during early adolescences (12-16 age group).

3. Juvenile delinquency is more an urban than rural phenomenon.

4. Low education background is the prime attribute of delinquency.

5. Poor Economics background is also leads to delinquency.

CAUSAL FACTORS

Poverty

Many youth are forced into delinquent activities because of a social disadvantage.

CAUSAL FACTORS CONT….

The Delinquent Gene

Genes may play a part in determining whether we turn to crime, research shows.

CAUSAL FACTORS CONT….

Family conflict and criminality

CAUSAL FACTORS CONT….

Low intelligence and academic failure

CAUSAL FACTORS CONT….

Hyperactivity & Impulsivity

noxious behaviors that are in most cases biological.

CAUSAL FACTORS CONT….

Social Learning

Do as you see is the underlying principle. Societal trends tends to influence youth activity

THEORIES

•STRAIN THEORY•DIFFERENTIAL THEORY•LABELLING THEORY•MALE PHENOMENON

STRAIN THEORY

Strain theory holds that crime is caused by the difficulty faced in achieving socially valued goals by legitimate means by those in poverty

DIFFERENTIAL THEORY

•It suggests young

people are motivated

to commit crimes by

delinquent peers and

learn criminal skills

from them

LABELLING THEORY

The idea is that once labeled as deviant a young person may accept that role and be more likely to associate with others who have been similarly labelled

MALE PHENOMENON

•Youth crime is

disproportionately

committed by young

men.

JUVENILE DELINQUENT ACTIVITY

Substance abuse Behavior that contributeto health risks

JUVENILE DELINQUENT ACTIVITY CONT…

Gang Involvement

Gangs often engage in illegal monetary activities and are committed to criminal orientations.

JUVENILE DELINQUENT ACTIVITY CONT…

Public and Private Vandalism These are malicious and deliberate defacement or destruction of both public and private property. It often territorial and designed to show ownership.

CRIMES AND OFFENSIVE BEHAVIOR MAY BE ARRESTED FOR:

Violent Crimes:•Aggravated assault;•Homicide;•Rape;•Robbery;

PROPERTY CRIMES:

•Arson•Car thefts•Burglaries•Larceny

STATISTICS•In Highest incidence 15 yrs & above

•Among boys 4-5 times more than girls.

JUVENILE DELINQUENTS STATISTICS

JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN INDIA

In the year 2012

JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN BANGLADESH

There are three correctional centres in Bangladesh for rectification and rehabilitation of juveniles. Two (one is in Tongi, and other in Jessore) for male child, and one (it is in Kunapara) for female child. Two categories of children are kept there first category constitutes of uncontrollable children and referred by parents and second category comes to the correction centre’s after committing offences and referred by courts.

EVOLUTION OF JUVENILE JUSTICE IN AMERICA, 1600S - 2000

Crime Control1980 - 2007

•victim emphasis•punishment of serious offenders•waive serious cases

Juvenile Rights1960 - 1980

•In re Gault, 1967•JJ & Del. Prev. Act, 1974 deinstitutionalize status offenders •legalization of juv. law

Juvenile Court1899 - 1960

•Ill. Juv. Crt, 1899•separate legal system for juv’s•child as “legally irresponsible”

Refuge Period1824 - 1899

•NY House of Refuge, 1825 for delinquent & dependent children• child as “helpless”

Puritan Period1646 - 1824

•Mass. Stubborn Child Law, 1646•child as “evil”

Preventions • In order to prevent the juvenile delinquency

following measures may be suggested.• Creating a team at government as well as private

level for the prevention.• Giving proper training to the members and staff of

all organizations concerned with delinquency control.• Establishing child guidance clinics or give

appropriate treatment to the distributed and maladjusted children.

• Educate to the families to realize the importance of giving proper attention to the needs of their young children.

• Improving the social environment, slum areas, busy markets places etc.

PSYCHOTHERAPIES

• The Reality Therapy approach to counselling and problem-solving focuses on the here-and-now of the client and how to create a better future, instead of concentrating at length on the past. It emphasizes making decisions, and taking action and control of one's own life. Typically, clients seek to discover what they really want and whether what they are currently doing (how they are choosing to behave) is actually bringing them nearer to, or further away from, that goal.

• Milieu Therapy is the psychiatric treatment of mental disorders by making changes to a patient's immediate environment. It involves the patient joining a group and using the combined elements of positive peer pressure, trust, safety and repetition, it provides an idealized setting for group members to work through their psychological issues.

• Behaviour therapy is focused on helping an individual understand how changing their behaviour can lead to changes in how they are feeling. The goal of behaviour therapy is usually focused on increasing the person’s engagement in positive or socially reinforcing activities.

• Activity therapy is a healing technique that is often employed with people overcoming physical addictions or emotional issues. The main focus of the therapy is to engage the individual in creative endeavours that help to alter the thought processes of the patient in a positive manner. Activity therapy may take place between a therapist and a single patient or be utilized in a group environment.

THANKYOU