Jharkhand Sample PDF 21-02-2021

4

Part - 01. Jharkhand : At a Glance

01. Jharkhand : State Symbol.....................................................................................................01-0402. Jharkhand : At a Glance........................................................................................................05-2801. Jharkhand : Administrative Systems of Tribes...................................................................29-43

Part - 02. Jharkhand : History

01. Jharkhand Historical Introduction......................................................................................01-0402. Pre Historic.............................................................................................................................05-0903. Ancient History.......................................................................................................................10-1604. Medieval History.....................................................................................................................17-2105. Modern History.......................................................................................................................22-2406. Tribal Revolts..........................................................................................................................25-3707. National Movement................................................................................................................38-5108. Time line of Jharkhand..........................................................................................................52-57

Part - 03. Jharkhand : Arts and Culture

01. Jharkhand Literature & Writer............................................................................................01-1402. Tribes and their Culture........................................................................................................15-2703. Art and Culture......................................................................................................................28-4404. Fair and Festivals...................................................................................................................45-5405. Tourism....................................................................................................................................55-8506. Social & Cultural Status........................................................................................................86-94

Part - 04. Jharkhand : Geography

01. Geography of Jharkhand......................................................................................................01-2702. Agriculture, Irrigation and Multipurpose Projects............................................................28-4303. Climate Change......................................................................................................................44-5904. Forest and Environment........................................................................................................60-8305. Demography of Jharkhand...................................................................................................84-94

Index

5

Part - 05. Jharkhand : Miscellaneous

01. Polity.......................................................................................................................................01-1402. Judiciary.................................................................................................................................15-3003. DistrictProfile ........................................................................................................................31-5004. C.N.T. act And S.P.T. Act......................................................................................................51-9805. Disaster Management..........................................................................................................99-11806. Sports..................................................................................................................................119-13707. Important Personalities.....................................................................................................138-15008. Award and Honours..........................................................................................................151-15309. Miscellaneous.....................................................................................................................154-163

Part - 06. Jharkhand : Economy01. Education...............................................................................................................................01-2002. Health.....................................................................................................................................21-3303. Energy....................................................................................................................................34-4504. Industries of Jharkhand.......................................................................................................46-7005. Minerals of Jharkhand.........................................................................................................71-8106. Transportation......................................................................................................................82-9707. Planning and Schemes.........................................................................................................98-11408. Economy..............................................................................................................................115-125

Part - 07. JPSC Prelims & Other Exams Solved 01. Jharkhand Exams Solved.....................................................................................................01-4402. Multiple Choice Question.....................................................................................................45-55

Part - 08. 1000 Most Important One Liners for Jharkhand Exams01. Most Important One Liners for Jharkhand Exams...........................................................01-35

Part-09.Jharkhand:CurrentAffiars01. Budget - 2019-20....................................................................................................................01-0902. Budget - 2020-21....................................................................................................................10-2403. Current Affairs 2019.............................................................................................................25-3003. Current Affairs 2020.............................................................................................................31-47

17

Asian elephant(Elephas maximus)

Palash(Butea monosperma)

Asian koel(Eudynamys scolopaceus)

Sal(Shorea Robusta)

Jharkhand : State Symbols

Jharkhand's New Emblem

Jharkhand - To The PointArohi Publications

Jharkhand : State Symbol

Emblem Symbol ScientificNameState animal Asian elephant Elephas maximus

State bird Asian koel Eudynamys scolopaceusState flower Palash Butea monospermaState Tree Sal Shorea Robusta

Jharkhand : State Symbols

Asian elephant(Elephas maximus)

Palash(Butea monosperma)

Asian koel(Eudynamys scolopaceus)

Sal(Shorea Robusta)

1.1C

hapter

3Jharkhand : State Symbol

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications

Jharkhand's Emblem

Ashok Chkra among four 4 ‘J’ letters The letter ‘J’ is indicative of Jharkhand. The Ashoka Chakra is an indicator of

dynamism, change and progress. There are small dots in the upper part

of the letter ‘J’, which are marked as the development of the state.

The white square produced by the four ‘J’ letters shows simplicity, clearness and social harmony.

The four arms of this class form right angles to each other, which symbolizes the emotional unity of different sections of society.

This landmark has been approved by the Government of Jharkhand in February 2002.

It has been designed by Amitabh Pandey of National Institute of Design, Ahmedabad.

Jharkhand'sNewEmblem

The new logo is primarily in green and has the national emblem at the centre with “Satyameva Jayate” etched below. The Ashoka emblem, representing cooperative federalism, is enclosed in concentric circles depicting the state’s culture and its abundant natural resources.

The new logo is primarily in green and circular, while the old one was square-shaped. The circle resembles a wheel. The logo represents and its rings represent the urge for development, art, culture, customs, traditions, values, religion, the lush greenery in the state and last but not the least the abundance of minerals in the state.

The new logo has the national emblem at the centre with 'Satyameva Jayate' etched below. The Ashoka emblem is enclosed in concentric circles depicting the state’s culture and its abundant natural resources.

Red colour used in the logo represents the strength of the state to struggle and pave its own way out of adversities.

Palash flowers, also known as flame of the forest, reflecting the natural beauty of Jharkhand, are also included in the new emblem.

Elephants, being the state animal, have been also been included and represent calmness. Labours and group dance, in the emblem, represent culture and the strength of social bonding.

Trend AnalysisWhichofthefollowingisstateAnimal of Jharkhand?(a) Elephant(b) Lion(c) Deer(d) PythonsAns (a) ElephantJ.S.S.C. - Jharkhand Excise Constable Exam - 04-08-2019


Jharkhand : At a Glance

Situated in the eastern India, Jharkhand is surrounded by Bihar to the north, Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh to the west, Odisha to the south, and West Bengal to the east.

The state covers a geographical area of 79.70 Lakh Hect. Ranchi, Jamshedpur, Dhanbad, Bokaro, Sindri, Deogarh, and Hazaribagh are some of the main cities and tourist attractions of the state.

The 28th state of the Indian Union was brought into existence by the Bihar reorganization Act on 15th November , 2000 the birth anniversary of the legendary Bhagwan Birsa Munda.

Jharkhand is famous for its rich mineral resources like Uranium, Mica, Bauxite, Granite, Gold, Silver, Graphite, Magnetite, Dolomite, Fireclay, Quartz, Fieldspar, Coal (32% of India), Iron, Copper (25%of India) etc. Forests and woodlands occupy more than 29% of the state which is amongst the highest in India.

Birth of The State The region enshrouded in the hills and forests

inaccessible to a large segment of people. The tribes of this state are living here from thousands of years and not much changed in their life and culture over the ages baring last few decades.

Many scholars now believe that the language used by tribes in the state of Jharkhand is identical to the one used by Harappan people. This has led to a great interest in the deciphering of Harappan inscriptions using rock paintings and language used by these tribes.

For a greater part of Vedic age, Jharkhand remained obscured. During the age of Mahajanpadas around 500 BC, India saw the emergence of 16 large states who controlled the entire Indian subcontinent.

The supremacy of the Janpadas were often decided by the power of swords and bows and ax and other weapons.

The region around Jharkhand was extremely rich in its mineral resources including iron and the janpad that controlled this region, Magadha, eventually controlled most of the country.

The power of Magadha continued to occupy central state in Indian subcontinent for a long time and saw the emergence of mighty empires such as Mauryas and Guptas.

After the end of last big Hindu empire of Guptas, India saw emergence of a number of numerous regional powers who tried to control this region. Same was the case with Muslim Sultans of Delhi and their feudatories in Bengal, who tried to control this mineral rich area.

1.2

Trend AnalysisJharkhand is known by name of ............. in Mahabharat era?(a) Nagdesh(b) Gandharv desh(c) Pundarik desh (d) Matsy deshAns (c) Punarik desh

JPSC Prlims - 2003

Chapter

10 Jharkhand At A Glance


New Districts after Jharkhand formationS.No. Location of District Formation Date Present District Former District1. 19 4 April, 2001 Latehar Palamu2. 20 26 April, 2001 Jamtara Dumka3. 21 30 April, 2001 Simdega Gumla4. 22 April, 2001 Saraikela-Kharsawan West Singhbhum5. 23 12 September, 2007 Khunti Ranchi6. 24 12 September,2007 Ramgarh Hazaribagh

Jharkhand - MineralsMinirals# Position

Coal Reserve 1st positionIron Reserveq 2nd positionCopper-one Reserve & Mica 3rd positionBauxite Reserve 7th position

# 370 Mines in Jharkhnad.Highest Mines in Dhanbad (109)Out of 24, 10 districts contribute 93% Reserve (Dhanbad in highest)

Jharkhand - IndustriesIndustries# Establish Year

India's First Copper Industry (Ghatshila) 1924Tata Iron and Steel Company (Tisco) (East Singhbhum)

1907

Bokaro Steel Plant 1964

# The goverment of Jharkhand in planning to setup an IT park and STPI at Adityapur.An Automobile vendor will be established under PPP mode at Adityapur

Jharkhand - Agriculture & Allied Sector

Agriculture Sector# ContributionGSVA 11%Area under Kharif crop, that is paddy 60%Among Rabi crop, area covered by Bengal gram and wheat 20%

# Second largest area dedicated to Maize.

11Jharkhand At A Glance


Jharkhand - Forest & Wildlife SanctuaryForest and wildlife Sactuary Area CoverTotal area (forest cover) 23,605 sq kmTotal recorded forest 29.55%Very dense forest 3.26%Medium dense forest 12.15%Open forest 14.14%Per Capita forest and tree cover 0.08 HectareTotal wildlife Sanctuary 11Largest forest in percentage (Latehar) 56.02%Lowest forest in percentage (Jamtara) 5.36%

Jharkhand - People RepresentationPeople Representation in Assembly

No. of members

Jharkhand's Legislative Assembly Member 82 (44 Genral, 28 STs and 9 SCs, 1 Anglo Indian Nominated )Jharkhand's Lok Sabha Member 14 (8 Genral, 5 STs and 1 SCs )Jharkhand's Rajya Sabha Member 06

Jharkhand - Administrative UnitsAdministrative Unit NumberDistricts 24Division (North Chhotanagpur, South Chhotanagpur, Santhal Pargana, Palamu, Kolhan) 5Sub-division 45Block 264Municipal Corporation 9Nagar Panchayat 13Nagar Parishad 19

Jharkhand - EducationName of School/University Number School/University

Central University (Central University Ranchi, Jharkhand) 1Total Number of University 9Number of High School 2425



11 Wonder of JharkhandName Features

Chandil Dam 1. Chandil Dam standing on the Subarnarekha River.2. The Karkori River originating from the Hundru falls mingles with the Swarnarekha River here at chandil.3. Chandil is a census town in Seraikela Kharsawan district.

Betla National Park One of India's earliest tiger reserves (1974), Betla features luxuriant tropical forest cover and a rich variety of fauna.The Betla National Park, was first established as a sanctuary and later upgraded to it's present status.It is Situated in Palamu District.

Parasnath Hills Parasnath Hills are a range of hills located in Giridih district. The highest peak is 1365 metres.It is one of the most important pilgrimage centre for Jains. They call it Sammed Sikhar.The hill is named after Parasnath, the 23rd Tirthankara. Twenty of the twenty-four Jain Tirthankaras attained salvation on this hill.

Netarhat It is falling in the Latehar district, Netarhat is popularly known as the Queen of Chotanagpur.It is best known for the sunrise and sunset views it offers.

Patratu Valley Patratu is a census town in Patratu (community development block) of Ramgarh district and Patratu Valley has unique in features.Patratu lake resort is located beside Patratu dam which is at a distance of 30 km from Ramgarh.

Baidyanath Dham Baidyanath Jyotirlinga temple, also known as Baba Baidyanath dham and Baidyanath dham is one of the twelve Jyotirlingas, the most sacred abodes of Shiva.It is located in Deoghar in the Santhal Parganas division.It is a temple complex consisting of the Main temple of Baba Baidyanath, where the Jyotirlinga is installed, and 21 other temples.

Basukinath Dham Basukinath is located in Dumka District.In a year lacs and lacs people from different parts of country come here to worship Lord Shiva.

Itkhori ()Bhadrakali Temple)

It is assumed that the temple was built somewhere around 7th to the 10th century A.D.This is one of the famous Shakti Peeths among the 51 located throughout Indian peninsular.It is located in Chatra District.



12. Maa Yogini Temple Barakopa Pahadi (Godda)13. Yugal Temple Deoghar14. Shiv Temple of Benisagar West Singhbhum15. Surye Temple Rundu (Ranchi)16. Dewri Temple Tamar, Ranchi17. Anjan Dham Temple Anjan Village (Gumla)18. Mahadevshala Temple Mahadevshala (West Singhbhum)19. Sahastrabuddhe (Kaleshwarnath) Temple Chatra20. Jharkhand Dham Temple Giridih21. Tanginath Dham Temple Gumla22. Aamreshwar Dham Temple Khunti



Forts/Palace of JharkhandName Place1. Palamu Forts Latehar2. Forts of Vishrampur Palamu3. Forts of Rohilla Japla (Palamu)4. Forts of Chainpur Palamu5. Teliagarhi Forts Rajmahal Pahadi, Sahebganj6. Forts of Panchkot Panchet Pahad, Dhanbad7. Forts of Ramgarh Ramgarh8. Forts of Padma Hazaribagh9. Forts of Badam Hazaribagh10. Navratangarh Palace / Forts of Dosa Gumla11. Palace of Palkot Gumla12. Forts of Nagpheni Gulma13. Forts of Jaintgarh West Singhbhum

Folk Dances of JharkhandS. No. Dance How to perform

1. Bheja Dance

During performance, they form a chain by clumping hands of one another Melodious traditional songs and music are the major accompaniments of this dancer in alternate successions.

2. Chhau Dance

The Chhau dance is performed in an open space or a ground field generally at the night time. The dancing area is surrounded by the fire poles called the Mashaals, for the sake of lighting in the dark. But in some of the advanced parts of the state, electrical lamps and light have started replacing the fire poles.

3. Jhumar Dance

Jhumar is performed anytime. especially during the weddings, melas or some other important functions and celebrations. This dance is generally performed in acircle. The dancers wear verycolorful costumes.

4. Paika Dance

Paika dance is a famous dance form of Odisha which is practiced by the paikas of Oriya army. The main target of this dance is to enhance the physical excitement and to develop the inner courage. The tradition of this dance is carried throughout the huge area of tribal belt of Mayurbhanj district

5. Phagua Dance

During the performance the dancers throw colored water and powder on each other. Women also join this Phagua dance in some of the parts of jharkhand.

6. Santhal Dance

This dance was performed by the Santhal tribes during all special festivals and occasions. This dance not only reveals the culture or traditions of the local tribes but also showcases the strength of unity. The main attraction of the Santhal Dance in Jharkhand is the colorful costumes worn by the tribal people.

7. Sharhul Dance

It is worshipping of the village deity. which protects and supports the tribes. There is dancing and singing in the whole region accompanied with drinkssnacks and a variety of foods.



Objectives : Jharkhand At a Glance

1. The state of Jharkhand was formed from which state?

(a) West Bengal (b) Bihar (c) Uttar Pradesh (d) OrissaAns. (b) Bihar 2. The state of Jharkhand was formed by

cutting out how much land of Bihar? (a) 44.30 percent (b) 46.20 percent (c) 45.80 percent (d) 42.50 percentAns. (c) 45.80 percent

3. The industrial capital of the state of Jharkhand is-

(a) Jamshedpur (b) Dhanbad (c) Bokaro (d) RanchiAns. (a) Jamshedpur 4. What is the latitudinal expansion of the

state of Jharkhand? (a) 22048'15" to 26018'25" (b) 23055'11" to 28022'48" (c) 21058'10" to 25019'15"

Important Facts : Jharkhand At a Glance

• How many parliamentary seats are there in the state of Jharkhand? 20• According to Jharkhand Economic Survey 2018-19, the total length of

national highways in the state of Jharkhand is?3400 km

• At the time of formation of Jharkhand state, the total number of districts in the state?

18

• Which division of Jharkhand state has maximum districts? North Chotanagpur• Jharkhand is the largest parliamentary constituency of the state? West Singhbhum• Jharkhand is the smallest parliamentary constituency in the state. Chatra• The total number of scheduled tribes inhabiting the state of Jharkhand is? 32• How many subdivisions were there at the time of creation of Jharkhand

state?33

• What is the total number of subdivisions in the state of Jharkhand? 45• How many districts are there in the state of Jharkhand? 24• What is the number of notified blocks in the state of Jharkhand? 132• How many district councils are there in the state of Jharkhand? 24• How many divisions are there in the state of Jharkhand? 05• How many Nagar Panchayats are there in the state of Jharkhand? 19• Where is the only Cantonment Board of Jharkhand state located? Ramgarh• Which is the largest city of Jharkhand state? Jamshedpur• What is the total number of city councils in the state of Jharkhand? 21


Jharkhand TribesAdministrative Systems 1.3

Munda : Adminstrative System

The general meaning of the word Munda is specific person and specific meaning is the political head of the village. Important positions, organizations and facts about Munda Administrative Systems are as follows: -

Important Terms

Related Important Facts

Munda This Munda is the head of the village.This position is hereditary.Its main task is to collect rent from the villagers, make law system in the village and village disputes have to be settled.

Hatu Munda It is the head of the gram panchayat. Munda Gram Panchayat is called Hatu.Paraha The panchayat (intergovernmental panchayat) consisting of several villages is

called Paraha.The main function of the Paraha Panchayat is to settle disputes between two or more villages. It is situated at the highest point of governance of Munda tribe.It can be termed as the highest judiciary, executive and legislature of Munda tribe.The principal officers of Paraha were Kubar, Lal and Karto.Women were not given a place in traditional Munda administration.

Akhada The Paraha Panchayat site is called Akhada. It is also the cultural center of the village.

Maanki The head of the Paraha Panchayat is called Manki and this position is hereditary.Pahan The religious head of Munda village is called Pahan.

Pahan used to do worship and sacrifice to maintain peace in the village.Pahan is provided with free rent land for the operation of these works, which is called Dali-Katari land.

Bhoot Kheta To protect the village from the wrath of ghosts, special worship is done by Pahan. For this Pahaan is provided with additional land which is called Bhoot Kheta. The worship system of ghosts is conducted by its yield or income.

Pujar / Panbhara Pahan's assistant is called Pujar / Panbhara.Paraha king It is the highest official of the Paraha Panchayat.Other Facts The administration of this tribe consists of officers named Diwan, Thakur,

Kotwar, Pandey, Karta and Lal etc., who help the Pahada king in governing.

Chapter

30 Jharkhand Administrative Systems of Tribes


Nagvanshi : Adminstrative System

Nagvanshi system of governance started in the first century and King 'Phanimukut Rai’ was the first ruler of this system.

This governance system was established after Munda Raj. Phani Mukut Rai established Sutiyambe as his capital.

The Nagavanshi rulers tried to expand it more by making favorable changes in the Munda system of governance. During this reign, the land-system, tax-system and governance of the former continued to operate.

After a long period of time, the change in Nagavanshi regime is reflected due to the invasion of the Mughals. As a result of this change, the Mughal army started taking Nazrana (a kind of tax) from the Nagavanshi kings, which was later established as a regular system and known as Malgujari.

In this system of administration, tax was not collected from the common ryots. As a result, the tax burden of the entire state fell on the Nagvanshi regime. In order to reduce this burden, the Nagavanshi kings started collecting tax (Malguzari) from the general public and the responsibility of collecting it was given to the chief Maanki of Paraha. To these standards

Under Nagvanshi rule, it was called Bhuihar. Later, the Nagvanshi kings set up separate vassals to settle Malgujari. Malgujari used to be given

only by them when demanded by the Mughal emperors. This irregular goodsmanship was called Nazrana (offering).

For the regular collection of tax during the British rule, a permanent settlement system was implemented in 793 AD and Nagavanshi kings were made landlords. Thus the Jagirdari system of the former turned into the Zamindari system.

With the implementation of this system, Nagvanshi government system came to an end and a new type of English governance system was established in its place.

Parha : Adminstrative SystemIt is mainly related to the governance system of the Oraon tribe. This system of governance

is similar to Munda tribe. Important position, organizations and facts about Parha Panchayat Adminstrative System are as follows: -

Important terms


Mahato In this system of governance, every village has a head, which is called Mahato.It deals with village level matters. In this work, the experienced and elderly people of the village help the village head.Mahato has both administrative and judicial powers.

Manjhi Manjhi is an associate of Mahato, who works to convey the Panchayati ideals of Mahato to the people.

33Jharkhand Administrative Systems of Tribes


Munda-Maanki : Adminstrative System

The traditional governance regime of the Ho tribe is known as Munda-Maanki Administrative system. This governance system is seen as India's first republican system of governance. This governance was approved by Boyce Wilkison, an British officer.

The Ho tribe is a subdivision of Munda society. Under the Munda tribe, the head of the Gram Panchayat was called Munda. Several such panchayats were combined to form a chain, the head of of this panchayats was called Maanki. This system of governance is known as Munda-standard governance system. Important positions, organizations and facts about Munda-Maanki governance are as follows:

Important Terms


Munda In this system of governance, the head of a village is called Munda.It serves administrative, judicial and revenue collection.

Dakua It is an ally of Munda and takes the decisions and orders of Munda to the people of the village.

Maanki A series consisting of 15-20 villages is formed, whose head is called Maanki.All Munda and Dakua are present in the meeting organized by Maanki in which a matter is resolved by consensus.

Tehsildar It is the revenue officer of the village, who mainly deals with revenue collection.Diuri It is the religious head of the village and performs religious rituals in worship,

festivals, wedding marriages etc.It also serves to resolve cases of religious disputes.

Yatra duri It is an associate of Diuri.

Dhoklo Sohor : Adminstrative SystemThe traditional governance system of the Kharia tribe is known as Dhoklo Sohor or Doklo Shohor

regime. The Kharia tribe is a subdivision of Munda society. Hence, the system of Munda society is visible in their self-government system.Dhoklo means - meeting and Sohor means president. Kharia tribes are mainly of three types- milk kharia, dhelki kharia and Pahari or Shabar kharia. There is a slight difference in the self-government system of these three. Around 1934–35 AD, the people of the Kharia tribe formed an All India General Assembly known as Dhoklo for the empowerment of their society.

The caste system was supported by Dhoklo Sohor Mahasabha while this committee opposed the Panchayati Raj system.

Important Terms


Mahato Traditionally, the people who settled the village are called Mahato.Mahato is considered the Key person of the village. Their post is usually hereditary.Mahato can also be changed with the consent of the villagers.(Note - Pradhan of Pahari Khadia village is called Dandiya and religious head is called Dihuri. Dihuri also supports religious work as well as Dandiya.)

35Jharkhand Administrative Systems of Tribes


Other Tribes : Adminstrative SystemA total of 32 tribes are found in Jharkhand and there is a system of self-government among

all these tribes. Out of these, important facts about self-government system of the major tribes have been given earlier. Keeping in mind the important facts about to the arrangement of other tribes, it will be very useful from the examination point of view.

Important facts about self-government system / caste panchayat of other tribes of Jharkhand.

Important Terms


Lohra / Lohar (Blacksmith)

This tribe has no organized governance. But to solve their caste problems, their caste is panchayat.

Disputes between two villages are settled by the Intergovernmental Council formed on a particular occasion.

Bhumij The head of the ethnic panchayat of this tribe is called Pradhan and this post is hereditary.

In this tribe ancestral property is divided equally among brothers. If a family does not have a son, then the daughter has the right over the property.

Mahli Solitary marriages are not recognized in this tribe.

This tribe has no organized governance. But a panchayat is formed at the village level and through this, mutual disputes are resolved.

Criminals are punished both financially and physically.

Convicted of serious crime are sentenced to mass feast.

Maal Pahariya This tribe is called Manjhi, the head of the gram panchayat in the self-government system.

Manjhi is assisted by Godait and Diwan.

The decision of the panchayat is to be accepted by all and the person disobeying the decision is expelled from the village.

The dispute of two or more villages is resolved by an intergovernmental panchayat, whose head is called Sardar.

There is no provision of punishment in that tribe like bitlaha.

Sauria Pahadia

Like Mal Pahadia, in the self-government system of this tribe, the head of Gram Panchayat is called Manjhi.

Main function of Manjhi is to settle all kinds of conflicts. He also performs religious activities.

Godait helps them in Majhi's work.

In this system, a Nayak is arranged in 15-20 villages and a Sardar in 78-80 villages. The task of these two is to settle the underlying disputes.

40 Jharkhand Administrative Systems of Tribes


Objectives : Jharkhand Tribes Administrative Systems

1. In the Munda system of governance, what is called the head of the village?

(a) Pujar (b) Manki (c) Hatu Munda (d) MundaAns. (d) Munda 2. What is the Gram Panchayat of Munda

called? (a) Pujar (b) Parha (c) Akhda (d) Hatu

Ans. (d) Hatu 3. Which of the following statements

regarding Perha / Paraha is false? (a) In this system, women are given a high

position. (b) Its head most officers are Kubar, Lal and

Karton. (c) It is an intergovernmental panchayat. (d) It is named as the highest judiciary,

executive and legislature of Munda tribe.

Important FactsJharkhand Tribes Administrative Systems

• When is the Pada Pancha organized? Ashwin Purnima• Which of the following tribes does not have an organized governance

system? Blacksmith

• In the self-governance system of Mal Pahadia, what is the head of the Gram Panchayat called?

Manjhi

• Who helps Manjhi in the self-governance system of Mal Pahadia? Godait, Diwan• What is the head of the inter-village panchayat in Mal Pahadia governance

system?Sardar

• In the self-government system of Sauria Pahadia tribe, what is the village head called?

Manjhi

• Who settles rural quarrels in the self-government system of Sauria Pahadia tribe?

Manjhi

• Who performs religious activities in the self-government system of Sauria Pahadia tribe?

Manjhi

• Assistance in Manjhi's work in the self-governance system of Sauria Pahadia tribe?

Godait

• How many villages arranged under Nayak in the self-government system of Sauria Pahadia tribe?

15-20

• How many villages have a Sardar in the self-government system of the Sauria Pahadia tribe?

78-80

• In the self-governance system of the Sauria Pahadia tribe, who settles internal disputes?

Nayak, Sardar


JharkhandHistorical Introducation 2.1

This state is named Jharkhand due to the 'abundance of shrubs and forests'. In various periods, Jharkhand region was known by various names:

Period NamingAitareyaBrahmin Pundr or Pund Vayu Purana MurandPrayagPrasadofSamudragupta MurundVishnu Purana MundBhagwatPurana Kikkat PradeshMahabharata Pundarik / PashubhumiEarlySanskritLiterature Kalind DeshInthe13thcenturycopperplate JharkhandTarikh-i-Firozshahi JharkhandTarikh-i-Bangla JharkhandSiyar-ul-Mutkharin JharkhandBy Kabir and Jayasi JharkhandAkbarnama JharkhandAin-i-Akbari Kokra / KhankarahEconomicsofKautilya Kukut/ KukutdeshByPtolemy MundalByfahyan Kukkut LadByhwansang Kau-na-su-fa-la-na / Karna-SuvarnaMughalperiod Khukhra/KukraTujuk-i-Jahangiri KhokhraUndertheruleofEastIndiaCompany Chotanagpur

Note:

The first literary mention of "Jharkhand Pradesh" is found in Aitareya Brahmin. The first archaeological evidence of the word 'Jharkhand' is found in the 3rd-century Tamapatra)

1. Hensang has used the word 'ki-ching-kai-law' for the palace area and 'damin-i-koh' for its mountainous region.

2. Damin-i-Koh was established in 1837 AD, based on the survey of Captain Tanner.

3. In ancient times, the Santhal Parganas region has been addressed as Narikhand and later Kankajol.

4. After the establishment of the South-Western Frontier Agency in 1833 AD, the headquarters of this agency was known as Wilkisanganj or Kisunpur which later came to be known as Ranchi.

Chapter

3 JharkhandHistoricalIntroducation


Tribals Entrance into JharkhandThe asura

The oldest tribes of Jharkhand (Ranchi, Lohardaga, Gumla)

Birjia, Birhor and KhariyaProbably entering Chotanagpur from Kaimur hills

Korba / KorvaMunda, Uraon, Ho

The Mundas contributed to the establishment of the Nagavansh.

Uraon was settled in two sectors called Rajmahal and Palamu in Jharkhand.

Chero,Kharwar,Santhal 1,000 BC by the time all the tribes found in Jharkhand, except the Chero, Kharwar and Santhals,

had settled in Chhotanagpur area.

The Santhals settled in Hazaribagh in the pre-medieval period and the Santhals expanded into the Santhal Parganas region in the British period.

Important Facts : Jharkhand Historical Introduction

• By what name is Jharkhand addressed in the book Vishnu Purana? Mund• By what name is Jharkhand mentioned by Fahyan? KukkutLand• By what name is Jharkhand addressed in the Bhagavata Purana? Kikkat Pradesh• Who addressed Jharkhand under the name 'Chotanagpur'? East India

Company• From which place the entire plateau area from Virbhum is described as

Jharkhand by historian Buchanan?Banaras

• 19. Where was the headquarters of the South-Western Frontier Agency established in 1833, which was later Known as Ranchi?

Kisunpur

• 20. From where is the first archaeological evidence of the word Jharkhand obtained?

From the Prayagcommendationof the 13thcentury coppersheet

• 21, During the Mahabharata period, Jharkhand was under the jurisdiction of which Vrihadrathavanshi King?

Jarasangha

• 22. By what name is Jharkhand discussed in the Digvijay festival of Mahabharata? Pundarik• 23. Which of the following names is used for Jharkhand in the Mahabharata? cattleland

Trend AnalysisKiringBapalaisrelatedtowhichtribal?(a) Santhal(b) Birhor(c) H0(d) BhumijAns(a)SanthalMarketSupervisorCompetitiveExamination-2007

6 Pre History


Archeology

The Archeological excavation of Jharkhand has yielded a large number of stone tools and implements belonging to the early. Middle and later Paleolithic period these proves that prehistoric of Jharkhand

The earliest remains found from Jharkhand belong to early Paleolithic period. Among these remains, the important are stone axe, blade, scraper, burin, etc.

Such remains have been found from the excavation in Singhbhum, Ranchi, Hazaribagh, Santhal Pargana, Palamu, etc.

The remains of middle Paleolithic has been found from Singhbhum, Ranchi, Santhal parganas. In these very places. The remains of later Paleolithic period is also found. These are made small places of stone.

Archaeological remains found from various placesS.No. Place Archaeological remains1. Isko (Hazaribagh) Primitive human’s paintings on stones, open sun temple,

rock painting gallery2. Sitagarha Pahad (Hazaribagh) Remains of a Buddhist monastery (especially a stupa

with four figures of Buddha and a fragmented statue of a beautiful woman of dark-brown stone)

3. Dudhpani (Hazaribagh) 8th century inscription4. Dumduma (Hazaribagh) Shivlinga5. Bhavnathpur (Garhwa) Pictures of hunting, including pictures of animals like deer,

buffalo etc.6. Palamu Division Tools of the three stone ages7. Barudih (Singhbhum) Paleolithic pieces of soft clay, stone hammer, hard soil and

pottery8. Benusagar (Singhbhum) Jain Sculptures of 7th century 9. Bongara (Singhbhum) Hand-made pottery, stone bead, ax, ring-stone10. Banaghat (Singhbhum) Neolithic stone, dark colored pottery11. Lohardaga Bronze cup12. Namkum (Ranchi) Copper and iron tools and arrowheads13. Murad Copper chain and bronze ring14. Loopgarhi Burial remains15. Plateau areas of Chotanagpur Evidence of human habitat etc.16. (Note: In its rock gallery, pictures of the constellation, spacecraft and space humans are

inscribed).

The remains of the Mesolithic period has been found from Ranchi, Singhbhum Palamu. In place like badkagaon, Mandi, Rajrappa etc in district of Hazaribagh and Ramgarh, archaeological

excavation has yielded stone tools. Important among these are axes, Scrapers, Blade, Barin etc. In the place named ‘ISKO’ in the Hazaribagh district. Paintings made by the primitive man, a Large

open sun temple, cave etc are found.

7Pre History


In the painting gallery of ISKO there are many paintings of space ship, space man, constellation etc. Apart from this a Labyrinth kind of structure has also been found.

The remains of a Buddhist Monastry has been found in the Sitagarha mountain of Hazaribagh. This belongs to the 6th centuty AD. Chinese traveler Fa-Hein has also refered to this Buddhist monastery Most of the sample of archaeological importance found from Sitagadha are made of grey sand

stone. Among these, a stupa with four images, image of a yakshini carved on a stone façade, and an image of woman made of grey sand stone are of great significance

The ‘Ashtadel’ used as the embelem of the Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribagh is a replica of a ashtadal made of red sand stone found from Sitagarha

Excavasion of various places in the Palamu division has yielded stone tools belonging to the early, middle and later Paleolithic as well as the Neolithic period. Among these axes, sraper and blade are important.

Near Bhavnathpur in Gadhwa district, rare stone painting and natural caves belonging to the Prehistorical period has been found

In these caves there are paintings of hunting scene. Animals like deer, buffalo. etc have been painted.

In a place called Barudih in Singhbhum district pieces of pottery, pots ston hammers etc belonging to the stone age have been found Pieces of handmade pottery, ring stone, stone beads, axe etc have been found at a place called bongara in the Singhbhum district.

At Banaghat, near Bongara, five stone axes, ring stone, pallet of terracotta, and pieces of black pottery has been found.

In Indian archaeology, the word ‘Asur’ has been used for historical identification of many places in district of Ranchi, Gumla and Lohardaga.

A cup made of bronze has been found from Lohardaga. At Pandu. A brick wall, mud pot, and copper tools have been found. Four legged stone platform

found at pandu is currently kept in patna museum. A copper chain and a bronze ring has been found from Murad. Lupangdi has evidences or early cemetery. Places like Jurdag, Parsadhik, Jojda, Chipdi etc. have

yielded implement belonging to the lower and uppear paleolithic period. Places like Konolko, Saradkel, Bhallaungri, etc has yielded implements of lower paleolithic period Parsadhik has also yielded implements of middle Paleolithic period From Benusagar in Singhbhum district Jain status belonging to the seventh century AD has been

discovered At a place called Dudhpani in Hazaribagh district an inscription of 8th century Ad has been found.

Trend AnalysisWhich fort was built by the former Mughal ruler King Medini Rai?(a) Palamu Fort(b) Rohtashgarh(c) Shergarh(d) Sindra FortAns (a) Palamu FortJunior Engineer Appointment Examination - 2012

8 Pre History


Important Facts: Pre History

• At which place Jain sculptures of the seventh century have been found? Benusagar

• The oldest remains of which era have been found in Jharkhand? Pre-Paleolithic period

• From which place in Jharkhand, stone tools made by the Stone Age were found?

Hazaribagh

• From which place of Jharkhand natural caves of prehistoric times and Rare shell images received?

Bhawanathpur (Garhwa)

• From which place in Jharkhand, the remains of the cemetery have been found?

Lupangadi

• From which place in Singhbhum the remains of handmade pottery, stone bead, ax etc. have been obtained?

Bonagara

• From which district of Jharkhand, prehistoric bronze cup is obtained? Lohardaga

• 21. From which place in Jharkhand, a four-stone stool has been found, which has been kept in the museum in Patna Museum?

Pandu

• From which place in Hazaribagh district, huge open sun temple built by Adimanav got?

Itkhori

• In which place, the remains of 49 copper mines have been found in Hazaribagh district?

Baharganda

• From which place in Hazaribagh district, copper jewelery and stone beads have been obtained from inside the cemetery?

Lupagadi

• From which place in Ranchi district, copper and iron tools and arrows have been obtained?

Namkum

• Which district of Jharkhand has received the bronze cup? Lohardaga• From which state of Jharkhand has an idol in the touch posture of Lord

Buddha been received?Palamu Fort of Latehar

Archaelogical investigations has yielded evidence of habitation of the primitive man in the hill regions of Jharkhand

Deep under ground cave of ice age have been found in ISKO village Atwi tribe of Jharkhand was described in the rock inscription of Chandra Gupta Maurya Chota Nagpur has been mentioned in the rock inscription of king Ashoka

9Pre History


1. The oldest tribe of the state of Jharkhand is-

(a) Birjiya (b) Asura (c) Santhal (d) HoAns. (b) Asura 2. Which tribe is considered the initiator of

Bronze Age tools? (a) Munda (b) Oraon (c) Asura (d) HoAns. (c) Asura 3. Which of the following statements

regarding Jharkhand is false? (a) Primitive tribes inhabited here. (b) In ancient times, independent kingdom

was ruled here under the kings of Nag vanshi, Singh, Chera and Raxel.

(c) For a long time this region was cut off from the outside world.

(d) In the prehistoric period, the Chotanag pur region was covered with dense forests.

Ans. (c) For a long time this region was cut off from the outside world.

4. How many of the 72 hand axes found in the Neolithic period have been found in Chotanagpur region?

(a) 12 types (b) 11 types (c) 8 types (d) 10 typesAns. (a) 12 types 5. Which of the following was the focal point

of Tamrapolithic period in Jharkhand? (a) Lohardaga (b) Dhanbad (c) Palamu (d) SinghbhumAns. (d) Singhbhum 6. From which place in Jharkhand are the

remains of 49 copper mines, which are related to the Tamrapolithic period?

Objectives: Pre History

(a) Wilkinsonganj (b) Baharganda (c) Singhbhum (d) VirbhumAns. (b) Baharganda 7. Which tribe of Jharkhand is considered the

initiator of iron age tools? (a) Asura and Ho (b) Birjiya and Munda (c) Munda and Ho (d) Asura and BirjiyaAns. (d) Asura and Birjiya 8. In which of the following places, pictures

of the constellation, spacecraft and space humans from Jharkhand have been received in Jharkhand?

(a) Bhawanathpur (Garhwa) (b) Benusagar (Singhbhum) (c) Dudhpani (Hazaribagh) (d) Isko (Hazaribagh)Ans. (d) Isko (Hazaribagh) 9. From which place in Jharkhand have the

remains of a Buddhist monastery been found?

(a) Dumduma (Hazaribagh) (b) Sitagadha Pahar (Hazaribagh) (c) Barudih (Singhbhum) (d) Namkum (Ranchi)Ans. (b) Sitagadha Pahar (Hazaribagh) 10. From which place in Jharkhand, pictures

of archaeological anthems have been obtained, which have pictures of animals like deer buffalo?

(a) Dumduma (Hazaribagh (b) Plateau area of Chotanagpur (c) Medininagar (Palamu) (d) Bhawanathpur (Garhwa)Ans. (d) Bhawanathpur (Garhwa)


Ancient History 2.3Ancient History of Tribes

Khadiya, Birhor and Asur are the earliest tribes of Chotanagpur Munda, Uraon, Ho are tribes of later period. Korwa tribe belong to a period between these two

phases. Chero, Kharwar, Bhumij and santhal are tribes of even Later period Thus the chronological order of Tribes is – Khadiya, Birhor, Asur, Korwa, Munda, Uraon, Ho, Chero,

Kharwar, Bhumij, Santhal Khadiya and Birjhor perhaps entered Chotanagpur through the hills of Kaimur. Like Virajiya and

asur Khadiya are among the initial tribes to enter Chotanagpur The period and path of immigration of the munds tribe is unknown. According to the munda

traditions, after the expansion of Aryans they came to Rohtas and later to Chotanagpur. Subsequenty the Mundas laid the foundation of the histroical Naga dynasty. The people belonging to the uraon tribe were perhaps the inhabitants of south India, Who has

migrated to many places before reaching Chotanagpur. One of two branches of oraon settled near Rajmahal. The people belonging to the other branch

settled in palamu and the remaining came to Chotanagpur By 1000 BC, almost all tribes except chero, Kharwar and Santhal had settled in Chotanagpur region

Historical Period Buddhism had a deep impact on Chotanagpur region. Even today many historical remains related

Buddhism are found in different parts of Jharkhand. Among these Buddhist monuments of Dalsi and Buddhpur in Dhanbad district are most important.

Buddhism was at epitime after the entrance of Gupta dynasty which was later on destroyed by famous Shaiv Emperor Shashank. He had even destroyed Bodhitree of Bodh Gaya, Buddhist Chaityas and constructed Hindu temples. But inspite of the devastation made by him Vajrayan sect of Buddhism survived.

Jainism also made its presence in Jharkhand. The 23rd Tirthankara of the Jains, Parshvanath achieved salvation on the hills of Parasnath which is situated in the Giridih district.

There is village called Belwadag at a distance of 3 kilo meters from khunti in the south west direction, Where a mound Looks like remains of a Buddhist monastery.

Status of Buddha has been found from johna falls in Ranchi, Kutha village in Gumla, a place called Bhoola in Jamshedpur and Ichagarh in Dhanbad.

Along with Budhism, Jainism was also widely spread in the Jharkhand region. Parsavnath, the 23rd teerthankar attained the nirvana 8th century B.C.

Manbhum in chotanagpur was the centre of jain culture.

Chapter

of this dynasty was Raja Brahmadev Narayan Singh. The capital was shifted to a place known as Padma which is about 22 km from Hazaribagh

A place was also constructed in Padma This place is still existing. Kamakhya Narayan singh sat on the throne of Ramgarh in

1937 . Till the very end Padma remained his capital The capitals of the Ramgarh state were in this order –

sisiya, urda, Badam, Ramgarh, Ichak, Padma.

Chero Dynasty of Palamu The chero dynasty of Palamu was a great dynasty like the

Naga dynasty of Chotanagpur. Chero dynasty was established by Bhagwat Rai. They

ruled over the Palamu region

Dhal Dynasty of Singhbhum In the Dhalbhum region of singhbhum was ruled by the

Dhal kings . Kings of Dhal dynasty were probably washerman by caste. They used to offer human sacrifice

King of Panchet was also washerman by caste. He had married a Barhman girl. He son from this marriage established the Dhalbhum state.

Khadagdiha State Khadagdiha state was located in the noth east of Ramgarh state This state was established in the 15th century by a south Indian named Hansraj Basically, he defeated a ruler of Bandwat caste and established his control over a 90 km long region

in Hazaribagh. Most of the matrimonial relations of this dynasty was with the Zamindar families of north Bihar

Panchet State Panchet state was the most powerful state of Manbhum region. According to the prevalent legend about the origin and establishment of this state, it was

estabhished by a son of the king and queen of Kashipur born during pilgrimage After growing up this son first became Manjhi, than the king of Pargana Chawrasi Later he

established the Panchetgarh The king accepted the tail of the Kapila cow as the state emlem. In this way despite a few attacks in the ancient and early medieval period almost all regions of

Jharkhand remained independent and the Chotanagpur independence.

Trend AnalysisWhat was the Santhal Pargana called in ancient times?(a) Narikhand(b) Man-Varjika(c) Kartasina(d) None of theseAns (a) NarikhandSixth JPSC Joint Civil Services Preliminary Exam - 14-12-16


14 Ancient History

1. Which ruler of Haryak dynasty wanted to propagate Buddhism in the areas of Jharkhand?

(c) Bimbisar (d) Nagdashak

(a) Ajatshatru (b) Udaiyein

Ans. (a) Bimbisar

2. Which of the following statements is true regarding the Nanda dynasty?

(a) Jharkhand was part of the Magadha Empire during the Nanda Dynasty.

Objectives: Ancient History

Important Facts: Ancient History

• By what name is Jharkhand mentioned during the reign of Samudragupta? Kukkut country

• In which place of Jharkhand archaeological remains have not been found? Venusagar

• The temple of which god was built at Venusagar in Singhbhum, Jharkhand during the reign of Shashank?

Shiva Temple

• Which ruler destroyed all the Buddhist centers of Jharkhand and tried to establish the importance of Hinduism?

Shashank

• In which area of Jharkhand did Harshavardhan meet Hanensang? Rajmahal

• In which district of Jharkhand is the temple of Tanginath built in the pre-medieval period?

Gumla

• During Chandragupta Maurya's reign, which was sourced from Jharkhand for the use of army?

Elephant

• Kautilya mentions the receipt of what from the Indravak rivers of Jharkhand?

Diamond

• Which officer was sent by Ashoka in Jharkhand state to propagate Buddhism?

Rakshit

• In the Kalinga inscription of which Maurya emperor, in relation to Jharkhand it is described that “The tribes of this region should conduct my dhamma.'

Ashoka

• From which place in Hazaribagh, have the temples built from the Gupta period cut off?

Maduhi mountain

• In Jharkhand, Munda Pahan, Mahato and Bhandari system are considered as the gift of which period?

Gupta period

• In which district of Jharkhand have the remains of a temple built by Chandragupta I been found?

Palamu

(b) The army of Nanda dynasty also included tribal people.

(c) Elephants were supplied from Jharkhand in the army of Nanda dynasty.

(d) All the above statements are true.

Ans. (d) All the above statements are true.

3. The first ruler of ancient times, whose capital was located in the Jharkhand region?


15Ancient History

18 Medieval History


18

During the reign of Akbar the Singhbhum region came into contact with mughals. Raja Laxmi Narayan Singh, Narpat Singh, Kameshar Singh and Ranjit Singh of Singh dynasty of

porhat were cotemporary of Akbar During Akbar’s campains against Afghans Raja Man Singh crossed through Singhbhum in 1591-92. At last the successor of Kameshwar Singh, Raja Ranjit Singh accepted the mughal suzerainty. He also accepted to joint the team of personal guards of Man Singh Almost at the same time Hazaribagh and Dhanbad came into contact of mughals. According to Ain-Akbari two places in Hazaribagh- ‘Chai’

and ‘Champa' were included in Bihar Suba as Parganas Man Singh defeated many small kings of chotanagpur He

attacked on Palamu to defeat the cheros. Subsequently the chero king Bhagwat Rai accepted the Mughal Suzerainty. But chero re-establish their independent rule after the death of Akbar in 1605

Madhu Singh of Jharkhand helped Man Singh in his Orissa campaign-

In 1592 Man Singh made Raj Mahal the capital of Bihar and Bengal

According to Tujuk-e-Jahangiri, Ibrahim khan in 1615-16 attacked Jharkhand and established his control over sankh river. At that time Sankh river was famous for diamonds.

At the time of this attack the local ruler was Raja Durjansal. He was arrested and jailed in the Gwalior fort. Durjansal had good knowledge about diamonds.

Twelve years later, Durjansal was freed and Jehangir returned his state in lies of 6000 annual rent. He was given the title of ‘Shahi’.

Durjarnal constructed palace in Navratnagarh of Doisa. This palace reflect the influence of Mughal architecture.

In Tujuk-e-Jehangiri Chotanagpur is refered to yield gold. During Jenhagir’s reign two chero kings ruled over palamu. During Jehangirs reign Mughal rule was established in Kokra. During the shahjahan’s reign the Mughal-Naga relation was peaceful and friendly. This relation

continued through the seventeenth century. Raghunath Shah of Naga dynasty Constructed temples in Doisa, Chutiya, Jagannathpur, and Bodiya

Shaista Khan fed the campaign against the chero king pratap Rai in 1641-42. Chero king pratap Rai accepted the Suzerainty of Mughals. In return was given the Mansab Rani

of 1000. During shahjahan’s reign Shaista Khan attacked the Chero king of palamu. This time the king of

palamu was Tej rai. There is no information about the relation of Singh dynasty and Man dynasty with the Mughals

during Shahjahan‘s reign. During Aurangzeb’s reign mughals were primarily is conflict with chero rulers of palamu. During

initial years of Aurangzeb’s reign Medini Rai was the chero king.

Trend AnalysisWhich of the following commissions presented the knowledge in which a separate Jharkhand state was demanded?(a) Sarkariya Commission(b) Aitchison Commission(c) Simon Commission(d) Tottenham CommissionAns (c) Simon CommissionCombined JSSC Combined Graduate Level Exam - 21-06-2016

20 Medieval History


In 1929, the name of The United Free Church of Scotland was changed to Santhal Mission of the Church of Scotland.

Other major facts Dr. Andrew Campbell was awarded the title of Kaiser-i-Hind for doing excellent work among the

Santhals. Dr. Andrew Campbell is called the ' serang (Devdoot) of Santhals'. The Roman Catholic Mission in Jharkhand started in 1869 AD. In 1899, Saint Columba College was established by the Dublin University Mission in Hazaribagh,

Jharkhand. It is the first college in Jharkhand. The Catholic Church (Mother of God Counsel) was established in Ranchi in 1909. It was rebuilt in

1927.

Important Facts: Medieval History

• When was Alaud-Din Khalji's sent to his commander Malik Chanju to conquer the Nagavanshi kingdom in Jharkhand?

1310 AD

• Which commander of Alaud-Din Khilji passed through Jharkhand on his way to conquer South India?

Malik Kafur

• Which Nagavanshi king accepted the subjection of Alaud-Din Khilji? Shiva Temple• Phani Mukut Rai, Benu Karna Shashank• Ferozshah Tughlaq from Shamsiuddin Shah, the ruler of Bengal to

Hazaribagh ......... conquered the territory and made it the capital of Bengal?

Satgavan

• Who did not rule Jharkhand during the rule of the Lodi dynasty? Harikarn• Which dynasty of Orissa invaded Jharkhand during the rule of Lodi dynasty Gajapati Dynasty• Jharkhand remained almost free from the influence of Sultans of which

dynasty?Lodi Dynasty

• Who was the ruler of Nagavansha in Jharkhand, contemporary of Lodi dynasty?

Pratapakarna, Viratkarna, Chhatrakarna

• In 1494 AD, Husain Shah Sharqi, the ruler of Jaunpur took refuge in which region of Jharkhand due to the fear of Sikandar Lodi?

Sahebganj

• Which ruler of Jaunpur used the Jharkhand route to attack Shiv Singh, the ruler of Mithila and Ganesh, the ruler of Bengal?

Abdulla sharqi

• Which region of Jharkhand did Sher Shah use in his Bengal campaign? Rajmahal area• Which Chero ruler was defeated by Sher Shah's commander Khavas Khan

to obtain an elephant named Shyam Sundar?Maharat chero

23Modern History


Arohi Publications

Chotanagpur Proper

When the English entered chotanagpur proper, rulers was Dripnath shahi of Naga dynasty.

Dripnath shahi met camac in Satbarwa and accepted the overlordship of English and agreed to pay Rs 12000

Hazaribagh

In the Hazaribagh region the English had to face the stiffest challenge from the Ramgarh state

King of Ramgarh Mukand singh kept opposing the English till the very end.

The British entered Hazaribagh under the leadership of captain camac.

In 1772 Ramgarh was attacked Makund singh fled to Panchet. Tej Singh was declared as the king of Ramgarh.

In 1773 Ramgarh, Palamu and Chotanagpur proper were merged to form the Ramgarh district.

Santhal Pargana

This region was earlier knows as the jungle Terai.

In 1592 Rajmahal was made the capital of Bengal. It remained its capital till 1660 British had arrived Rajmahal even before the Battle of Buxar

In 1676 the British established trading agencies in Rajmahal

In 1742 marathas captured Rajmahal.

In 1757 after his defeat in battle of plassey. siraj-ud-daulah reached Rajmahal

In 1763 Major Adams defeated Mir Qasim to establish the control of company over Rajmahal.

Trend AnalysisUnder whose leadership was the 'Ulagulan movement' started against British colonialism?(a) Birsa Munda(b) Kanua Murmu(c) Tilka Manjhi(d) Saheb MundaAns (a) Birsa MundaJSSC Motor Vehicle Inspector Exam - 2016


Tribal Revolts 2.6Tribal Revolts: At a Glance

Movement/Revolt Related Place Period Leader SuppressorDhaal Revolt Dhalbhum 1767-77 Jagannath Dhal L. Ruk, C. MarganChuar Revolt Singhbhum 1769-1805 Raghunath Mahato,

Shyam GanjamL. Gudyar, M. Crofrd

Chero Revolt Palamu 1770-1818 Chitrjeet Rai, Jaynath Singh

C. Jacob Camak

Bhogta Revolt Palamu 1770-71 Jaynath Singh C. Jacob CamakGhatwal Revolt Ramgarh 1772-73 Many Ghatwal Sardar C. Jacob CamakPahariya Revolt Santhal Paragna 1772-80 Jagannath Dev,

SarveshwariCliveland

Tilka Revolt Bhagalpur 1773-85 Tilka Manjhi Cliveland and Ayarcoot

Tamar Movemnt Ranchi, Panchet, Veerbhum

1782-1807 Vishnu and Mauji Manki C. Ben and Limond

Munda Revolt - 1793-1832 Many Leaders -Ho Revolt Kolhan 1820-21 Poto Sardar -Kol Revolt All places except

Hazaribagh1831-32 Singrai Manki, Surga

MundaC. Wilkinson

Bhumij Revolt Baabhum, Singhbhum

1832-33 Ganga Narayan C. Wilkinson

Santhal Revolt Santhal Pargana 1855-57 Sidhu-Kanhu C. AleczenderSardari Movement - 1858-70 Many Kol Leaders -Safahod Movement

- 1870 Lal Hembram -

Kharwar Movement

Santhal Pargana 1874 Bhagirath Manjhi -

Munda Ulgulan Ranchi, Khunti 1895-1900 Birsa Munda -Tana Bhagat Movement

- 1913-1914 Jatra Bhagat -

Haribaba Movement

Singhbhum 1931 Haribaba / Duka Ho -

Note: L- lieutenant, M- Major, C- Captain

Chapter

32 Tribal Revolts


Within two months of his release in 1917 he suddenly died. Non-violence was accepted as the weapon in this movement. In the third phase of this movement Tana Bhagat participated in National movement led by

Mahatma Gandhi. In 1921 Tana Bhagat participated in the Noncooperation movement under the teadership of Sidhu

Bhagat . Tana Bhagat participated in the Gaya session of congress in 1922 and in the Nagpur session of

1923. In the 1940 Ramgarh session of congress, Tana Bhagat gifted a sum of Rs 400 to Mahatma Gandhi.

Tilka Manjhi Brief Introduction – Birth – 11 February 1750 Birth Place – Tilakpur Caste – Santhal (Murmu) Father – Sundra Murmu Second Name – Jabra Pahadia Centre of Revolt – Vanachrijor

(Bhagalpur) English officer – Augustus cleveland Killed in revolt Date of encounter - 13th Jan 1784

With cleveland Famines during the - 1770 to 1777

life time of Birsa Period of revolt - 1783 to 1785 Form of Revolt - Guerilla war The process of - Circulation of

mobilization sal leaves of support

Cause - exploitation of local people by money lenders promised by British, due to circulation of coins

Death of people due to famine and confirmation of exploitative policy of government.

The attempt of the government to forcefully promote the imported goods luxury

Significance of the - Participation of Revolt woman

Public welfare - Emphasis on continuation of barter sytem in trade

Work - Emphasis on unity Plundering of

- British. Treasury and godown and distributing it amons poors

Person Who - Jaurah (paharia captured Tilka chielf)

Execution of Tilka - 1785

Jatra Bhagat: Brief Introduction Birth 1888 (chingri Nava Toli Bighunpur Block, Gumla) Father Kodal oraon Mother Libri Wife Bandhni

33Tribal Revolts


Tana Bhagat Movement : At Glance Beginning 1914 Place Chotanagpur Rebelling Tribe Oraon Leader Jatra Bhagat Cause Cultural reasons Exploitation

Brisa Munda : A Brief Introduction Birth 15th November 1875 Place Ulihatu (Tamar) Father Sugana Munda Mother Kadmi Munda Teacher Anand Pandey Tribe Munda Diety Singbonga (God Surya) Name of Revolt Munda Ulgulan Early activity Participatated in Land movement in Chaibasa during his student life

Participated in Jungle movement in Chakradharpur Area of munda

RevoltRanchi, Singbhum

Early nature of Revolt Reformist Colleagues of Birsa Gaya Munda Soma Munda Donka Munda Causes of munda

Revolt High revenue rateRing policies of Christian missionariesExploitation by Zamindars and money lenders

Significance of Munda (Chotanagpur Revolt Tenancy Act 1908)Separate Subdivision of Gumla and Khunti estabhishedNew court of Law survey of Ranchi district Ban on Baith Begari

Birsa declared as 1895 messanger of God Influence of Religion Hinduism, Chris tianity, Munda rehgion Song of the Revolt Katong Baba katong’ Imprisionment of 24/8/1895- 30/11/ Birsa 1897 - 03/02/1900- 09/06/ 1900 Prision Doranda (Ranchi) Death 9th June 1900 in Ranchi Jail due to diarrhea

34 Tribal Revolts


Trend AnalysisWho started Tana Bhagat Movement?(a) Jatra Oraon(b) Shibu Oraon(c) Theble Oraon(d) None of the above Ans (a) Jatra OraonJPSC 6th Combined Civil Service (Mains) Exam-2019

35Tribal Revolts


Important Facts: Tribal Revolt

• What was the period of the Dhal uprising? 1767-1777• Which of the region of Bhumij were called Chuar/Chuad? Junglemahal• Which of the rebellion was parallel to Chero Rebellion? Bhogata Rebellion• Which of the place was the Ghatwal rebellion done? Ramgarh• What was the main objective of the Tilaka movement? Protecting tribal rights,

Freedom from feudalism,Fighting against the British

• Vanchrijor was the main center of the Tilaka movement. By what name is Vancharijor presently known?

Bhagalpur

• Which British officer suppressed the Munda revolt in Bundu and Rahe in 1793 AD?

L. Faller

• Who led the Munda rebellion of Silli and Rahe in 1807 AD? Dukhan Manki• Who led the Bhumij Rebellion? Ganga Narayan• Which rebellion is called "Ganga Narayan's uproar"? Bhumij Rebellion• Which law was enacted during Sardari movement to revive the rights

of tribes?Chhotanagpur Land Act

• Who gave the leadership to the Safahod movement? Lal Hembram• Who led the second phase of the Kharwar movement against the

1881 AD census?Duvidha Gosain

• In which area did the Kharwar movement take place? Santhal Pargana• When did 'Munda Ulagulan' start under the leadership of Birsa

Munda?1895

• Which movement / rebellion is considered an extension of Birsa movement?

Tana Bhagat Movement

• Haribaba movement is related to which tribe? Ho• What was the main reason for tribal movements? Exploitation of tribals


National Movement 2.71857 Revolt

Revolt of 1857 started in Jharkhand from the Rohini village of Deoghar district with the rebellion of mutiny/army.

32nd Regiment of Army under the command of Major Mac Donald was in this village Rohini where three army personnel rebelled & killed Lt. Norman Leslee.

Epicenter of the 1857 Revolt covered Hazaribagh, Ranchi, Valley of Chutupal, Chatra, Palamu and Chaibasa.

On 30 July, personnel from Hazaribagh & Ramgarh rebelled but Ranchi turned to be the epicenter of the revolt.

Thakur Vishwanath Shahdev, Tikait Umraon Singh, Pandey Ganpat Roy, Shikh Bhikhari from Ranchi, Jagat Lal Singh of Hazaribagh, Jamadar Madhav Singh of Nadir Ali, the king of Porahat (Singhbhum) Arjun Singh, Chero Sardar Bhawani Raj of Vishrampur, Neelam bar & Peetambar along with other leaders played important role in 1857 Revolt.

The headquarter of Ramgarh Battalion was situated in Ranchi. Captain Simpson was the deputy commissioner of Hazaribagh during the revolt of 1857. ‘Mukti Vahini Sena’ of Thakur Viswanath Shahdav & Pandey Ganpat Roy had important

contribution to this first struggle of freedom Vishwanath Shahdev was the founder of Mukti Vahini Sena, Pandey Ganpat Roy was appointed command and sheikh Bhikhari was among prominent Soldiers in Mukti Vahini Sena.

Mukti Vahimi Sena was in frequent contact with Babu Kunwar Singh. British Major Nashan arrested Thakur Vishwanath Shahdev and Pandey Ganpat Roy on March

1858 near the forest of Kankrang Ghat of Lohardagga district with the aid of two traitors Zamindar Mahesh Narayar Shahi and Vishwanath Dubey.

On the order of Commissioner Dalton, Thakur Vishwanath Shahdev and Pandey Ganpat Roy were hanged on March 1858 and 16 April 1858 respectively near the main gate of present Zila School.

Tikait Umrao Singh and his Dewan Sheikh Bhikhari of Ormajhi were also hanged on 8 January 1858 in Chutupalu Valley.

A historic battle took place on 2 October 1857 between a Major English on the one hand and Jai Mangla Pandey & Nadir Ali on the other hand.

Jai Mangal Pandey and Nadir Ali were too hanged under mango tree near pount in chatra on order of deputy commissioner Simson.

Revolutionary Terrorist and Jharkhand: Jharkhand was the part of United Bengal prior to 1912 so, the revolutionary movements of Bengal

also left a deep impact in Jharkhand

Chapter

42 National Movement

53rd Session of Congress: At a GlanceStart 19-20 March 1940President ship Maulana abul Kalam Azad.President, Reception committee Dr. Rajendra Prasad.Vice President, Reception committee Shri Krishna Singh, Dr. Syed MehmoorGeneral Secy, Reception committee Shri A.N. SinghPlace RamgarhAdvertising officer, reception committee

Shri Gyan Chandra Sodhi

Officer, Reception Committee Shri Ambika Kant SinghImportant Self Volunteers Shrimati Sarla Devi Kumari Prema Kantal Kumar Indramati

Junaj, Kumari Tara Patwardhan, Shrima ti Bhyojo Bhartwarker

Quit India Movement and Jharkand: Congress called for QIM in Aug 1942. Jharkhand was also influenced by this and people with full

enthusiastic participated in QIM. Almost all Congress leaders were arrested after the proposal of QIM was passed on 8 Aug. Hartal took place in Ranchi & Jamshedpur on 9th Aug & 10th Aug respectively. Two prominent leaders Ram Narayan Singh & Sukh lal Singh were arrested on 9 Aug from

Hazaribagh.



Jharkhand - To The PointJharkhand - To The PointArohi Publications

The Jharkhand Area Autonomous Council was constituted in 8 districts of Santhal Parganas and Chhotanagpur.

State Formation - Final Phase On 22 July 1997, the Bihar Assembly passed a resolution for the formation of a separate Jharkhand

state and sent it to the Central Government. In 1998, on the basis of the resolution passed by the

Bihar Legislative Assembly, the Central Government prepared the Bihar State Reorganization Bill related to the Vananchal State and sent it to the Government of Bihar for its approval, which was rejected from the Bihar Legislative Assembly.

On 25 April 2000, the Bihar State Reorganization Bill, 2000 was approved by the Government of Bihar for a separate Jharkhand State.

The Bihar State Reorganization Bill was passed by the Lok Sabha on August 2, 2000 and the Rajya Sabha on August 11, 2000.

On August 25, 2000, President K.R. Narayanan signed the Bihar State Reorganization Bill 2000 and approved it.

On November 15, 2000, as the 28th state of the country, the image of a separate state named Jharkhand was printed on the map of India.

At the time of formation of the state of Jharkhand, the President of India was Shri K.R. Narayanan. At the time of the formation of the state, there was a government of the National Democratic

Alliance at the center and the Prime Minister of India was Atal Bihari Vajpayee. The Chief Minister of Bihar was Rabri Devi at the time of the formation of the state. The Vananchal Pradesh (Now Jharkhand) was demanded by the BJP in 1988. In 1928, it was recommended by the Simon Commission to make Jharkhand a separate state, which

did not achieve any success. In 1929, a memorandum was submitted by the Simon Commission for the formation of a separate Jharkhand state.

Jharkhand is 46 percent of the area of United Bihar. The Labor Union Movement was led by AK Rai in the coal sector of Dhanbad. In 1931, a Kisan Sabha was formed by Thebale Oraon.

Trend AnalysisWho gave the slogan 'Lalkhand' for the demand of separate Jharkhand state?(a) Vinod Bihari Mahto(b) Shibu Soren(c) A.K. Roy(d) Raghunath MahtoAns (c) A.K. RoyJSSC Reserve Competitive Examination - 2016

Jharkhand - To The PointJharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The PointArohi Publications

Jharkhand Movement and Formation of Separate State

49National Movement


Important Facts: National Movement

• When did the revolt of 1857 begin in Jharkhand? June 12, 1857

• Where did the 1857 rebellion in Jharkhand begin? Rohini, Deoghar

• Which regiment's army was stationed in Rohini village during the revolt of 1857?

32nd Regiment

• During the revolt of 1857, in whose hands was the command of the 32nd Regiment Army deployed in the village of Rohini?

McDonald

• On which river is the village Rohini situated? Ajay

• Where was the headquarters of Ramgarh Battalion located during the Revolt of 1857?

Ranchi

• The only session of Congress was organized in Ramgarh, Jharkhand. What session was it?

53rd

• Who presided over the 53rd Session of Congress held in Jharkhand in 1940?

Abul kalam azad

• At the Congress session of Ramgarh, who presented the proposal related to Satyagraha?

J. B. Kriplani

• During the Congress session of Ramgarh in 1940 AD, who organized an all India anti-compromise conference?

Subhash Chandra Bose

• Which of the following national organizations was formed during the only session of the Congress in Ramgarh, Jharkhand?

Forward block

• The foundation stone of which party was laid during the Congress session of Ramgarh in 9, 1940 AD?

Redical Democratic Party

1. In which city of Jharkhand, an institution called Swarna Sangh (Golden League) was formed with the objective of spreading revolutionary activities during the era of revolutionary nationalism?

(a) Hazaribagh (b) Bokaro

(c) Deoghar (d) Ranchi

Ans. (c) Deoghar

2. In the era of revolutionary nationalism, which institution was established in Devghar by the country's leading revolutionary Varindra Kumar Ghosh?

Objectives : National Movement

(a) Independent League

(b) Jharkhand League

(c) India Association

(d) Golden League

Ans. (d) Golden League

3. Which of the following revolutionaries of Jharkhand was related to Rodda Arms case?

(a) Raj Narayan Basu and Arvind Ghosh

(b) B.B. Mitra and Varendra Ghosh



Time line of JharkhandHistory

2.8C

hapter

Jharkhand’s Chronology of HistoryS. N. Time Remark

1 6000-3000

Invention of copper (probably is Singbhum)

2. 3000-2000

Bronoze Age in Jharkhand. (Asuras Birhor & Birklya continued through copper Age to Bronze Age to Iron Age).

3. 2000-1000

Iron Age in Jharkhand.

4. 1500 Neolithic culture in Jharkhand5. 717 23rd Tirthankaras of Jain Pasharvanath get nirvana in Giridih.6. 600 According to S.C Roy, Jharkhand seen the entry of Mundas, sreed of Buddism and

Jainism, Struggle between Asuras and Mundas.7. 3 3 5 -

540Samudra Gupta got victory over Atwik and Jharkhand was in the Atwik region. So Jharkhand came under the control of Samudra Gupta.

8. 6 0 2 -25

Jharkhand fell under the Gaur Ruler Shashank.

9. 6 0 6 -47

Kajangal (Rajmahal) under Harkhvardhan.

10. 8 t h First branch of Singh Dynasty under Kashinath singh founded.11. 1122 Nagvanshi Ruler of Chhotanagpur Khas. Bheemkarn made Khukhra the capital.12. 1204-

05Bakhtiyar Khilji (commander of Qutubuddin Aibak) crossed through Jharkhand in his way to Bengal.

13. 1205 Singh Dynasty of Singhbhum established its dominance under arpan Narayan Singh.14. 1262-

71Rule of Yudhisthir, Suceesor of Darpan Narayan Singh.

15. 1310 Chhajju Malik, commander of Alauddin Khilji, collected tax from Nagvanshi Ruler.16. 1340 Mali Bayan (commander of Mohd. Bin. Tughlaq)attacked Chaichappa near Hajaribagh).17. 1360 Arrival of Turks in Jharkhand. Firoz’s Expedition to Bihar.18. 1575 Mughals in Jharkhand.19. 1765 Expedition to undertake Jharkhand under British.20. 1771 Jharkhand under the control of East India company.21. 1772-

82Paharia Revolt.


Jharkhand : Literature and Writers

Jharkhand various languages, literature, art, painting art, drama, folklore, are present in its prime culture with all its diversities. Regional diversity has played a great role in it. Though, wide mixture and distinction is seen when it came to the contact of external culture but in some areas it is still intact. On the basis of language, there are three main languages in the state which have different dialects. The three main families of these languages are:

Indo-Aryan Angika Dravidian

Nagpuri (Sadri) Scholars have different opinions on the origin of Nagpuri literature. Sir George Abraham Grierson,

in his book, 'The Linguistic Survey of India', has described Nagpuri language as a sub-dialect of Bhojpuri language. Professor Kesari Kumar Singh, in his article `Nagpuri Bhasha evam Sahitya' described that just like Magadhi and Maithili, Nagpuri language is a definite language derived from Magadhi.

Dr. Shravan Kumar Goswami, in his research work 'Nagpuri Shisht Sahitya', considered Nagpuri as the 'Auras' child of the Indo-Aryan family and it is believed to be originated from Ardhmagadhi. Nagpuri language is mostly spoken in Ranchi, Lohardaga, Gumla, Simdega, Singhbhum, Latehar in Jharkhand and Jaspur Sarguja, Korwa in Chhatisgarh and Sundargarh, Keonjhar and Baripada districts of Orissa. It is also being spoken in the tea gardens of Assam.

Nagpuri folk culture is rich in folk songs, folk tales, riddles and literature. Nagpuri has the abundance of Bangla mixed Nagpuri and typical Nagpuri folk songs. If compared, Nagpuri folk-tales appears to he similar to Vedas narrations, Jataka tales, Kathasarit Sagar, Baital Pachisi, Singhasan Battisi, Hitopdesh and Panchatantra etc. in Nagpuri urban literature songs, poetry, stories, novel, drama, essay. edition etc., and all these literary genres are burn. Raghunath Nripati is considered as the first poet of Nagpuri language. In the first tradition, apart from Raghunath Nripati, Hanuman Singh, Barjuram, Jai Govind, Ghasi Ram, Mahant Ghasi, Kanchan etc. are also considered. Nagpuri prose literature is believed to be developed by the Christian missionaries around 1900 B.C. E.H. Whitley introduced Nagpuri Grammar for the first time in 'Notes on the Gangwari Dialect of Lohardaga, Chotanagpur' in 1896 B.C. This work is considered to be the start of Nagpuri prose literature. There are many compositions in Nagpuri Literature, they are shown in following Table:

S.No. Composition/Books Writer1. Nagvanshavali Beniram Mehta2. Nagpuri Phag Shatak, Lal Ranjna, Durga Saptshati, Vanshavali, Jhoomar Ghasiram Mahli3. Sudama Charitra, Krishna Charitra, Mahabharat, Lanka Kand, Usha

HaranKanchan

3.1C

hapter

10 Jharkhand : Literature and Writers


Beartha Biha (Story-collection) Lodhro Somdhi (Story-collection) Kharia Kavitayein (Collection) Juijhar Dod (Drama) Mud Sindaki (Drama)

Hindi Literature And Writers There is a remarkable contribution of Jharkhand in the

area of Hindi literature. Christian missionaries have always played an advanced role in it. They translated The Bible into Hindi and used it as the medium of preaching. Hindi literature covers the genres of nosy. novel, drama, poems, essays, articles etc.

HindiNovelsinJharkhandThe creation period of novels in Jharkhand can be considered before the stories.

In 1906, the first novel of Jharkhand, 'Rajputani Shaan', composed by Raja Ramcheez Singh Ballabh of Chakradharpur, He also published two more novels named lalita' and 'Umashankar'.

Between 1910-1947, there were only four novelists in Jharkhand and ten if their works were published.

Ramdeen Pandey from Daltonganj wrote novels named, Widhyarthi', `Chalti Pitari' and 'Vaasna'. Hadvandari Rant Haldhar's novel 'Kangaal Ki Beti' and Satya Narayan Sharma's novel 'Atmaltanta'

and 'Tootti hui Zanjeerein' became very popular. The real development of novels is found after 1945 by Dr. Dwarka Prasad and Radhakrishna.

Among the main novels of Dr. Dwarka Prasad are 'Swayamsewak', `Ghere ke Bahar', Ranjna 'Bediyaan', Ankush' etc.

Radhakrishna wrote some very important novels, 'Footpath', `Roopantar, 'Bogus', 'Sansanate Sapne' and `Sapne Bikau Hain'.

After 1990, numerous novels have been written on the current affairs related to Jharkhand, which includes, 'Kalimaati' by Satishchandra, 'Shram evam Jayte' by 'Jainandan, 'Agnipurush' by Shyam Bihari Shyamal, 'Samar Shesh Hai' by Vinod Kumar, `Subah ke Intezaar Mein' by Vasudev, 'Mister Unfit' by Avdhesh Sharma, `Aakhar Chaurasi' by Kamal, `Kaalpurush' by Devesh Tanti. In recent times, famous litterateur Ranendra has given a detailed description of the regionalism of Jharkhand by his works 'Global Gaon ke Devta' and `Gayab Hota Hua Desh'. 'Gyab Hota Hua Desh' is a composition centered on the Munda tribe.

Hindi Stories in Jharkhand

The early period of Hindi story is believed to be mainly from 1900 A.D. to 1910 A.D. Its development in Jharkhand was done through the publication of Radhakrishna's story `Sinha

Sahab' through Hindi Magazine `Galpmala'. Radhkrishna was born on 8th September 1910. Since 1930, stories written by Dwarka Prasad were published in a magazine called `Jharkhand'.

Trend AnalysisWhich of the following is the main language of Northern Mundas?(a) Santhali(b) Hindi(c) Mundari(d) KhariyaAns (a) SanthaliJSSC Intermediate LevelCombined Exam - 21-01-2018

14 Jharkhand : Literature and Writers


Important Facts: Jharkhand Literature and Writers

• What is the literal meaning of the first novel of the Santhali language 'Hadamvak Aato'?

Village of Hadma

• Who was the novelist of the first Santhali language novel 'Hadamvak Aato'? R. Kartairs• Which is the second novel in Santhali language? Muhila Chechet Dai• In which script was the first poetry collection of Santhali language 'Kukmu'

published?DevnagariScript

• Who wrote 'Kukmu', the first poetry collection of Santhali language? BalKishoreSahu• What is the literal meaning of 'Kukmu', the first poetry collection of

Santhali language?The dream

• The second novel of Santhali language, "Muhila Chechet Dai" was written by?

Nanku Soren

• What is the literal meaning of 'Muhila Chechet Dai', the second novel of Santhali language?

Diamond

• Lady Teacher Rakshit• What is the name of the first literary drama of Santhali language? Vidu Chandan• Who edited the first Santhali language newspaper 'Hod Samvad'? Doman Sahu

Sameer• In which year was the first Santali language newspaper edited? 1947• Who was the dramatist of the first literary drama 'Vidhu Chandan' in

Santhali language?Raghunath Murmu

• In which script was the first literary drama "Vidhu Chandan" published in Santhali language?

Oriya Language

• Who was the author of the book 'Santhali Praveshika' published in the year 1951?

Doman Sahu Sameer

• In 1953, 'Bharaka Impil', a collection of 41 Santhali poems was published by Sharda Prasad Kisak. In which script was it?

Devanagari

Tribes and Their Culture 3.2The fifth schedule covers Tribal areas in states of India namely Andhra Pradesh, Jharkhand,

Gujrat, Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odhisa and Rajasthan. The fifth schedule under Article 244(2) of the constitution defines “ schedule Areas” as such areas

as the president may by order declare to the schedule Area after constitution with the Governor of the state.

According to census 2011, Tribal population of Jharkhand is 86,45,042 which constitute 26.21% of total population of the Jharkhand.

There are 32 tribes in Jharkhand. Actually, they are categorized into two parts- Main Tribes (24) and Aboriginal tribes (8).

Eight aboriginals tribes are : - Asur , Birhor, Birjia, Korwa, Pahariya (Baiga), Sabar, Mal- Pahariya and Souriya Pahariya .

List of Schedule Area in JharkhandS. No District Blocks under scheduled Area

1. Ranchi Burmu, Mandar, Chanho, Bero, Lapung, Ratu,Silli, Namkum, kanke, Angara, Sonahatu, Tamar, Bundu, Arki, Khunti, Murhu, Karra, Topra, Ormanjhi, Rania.

2. Lohardaga- Kisko, kuru, Lohardaga, Senha, Bhandra.3. Gumila Biahnpur, Ghaghra, Chainpur, Dumri, Raidih, Gumla, Sisai, Bharno,

Kamdera, basia, Palkot.4. Simdega kolebira, Bano, Jaldega, Thathaitangar, Kurdega, Simdega, Bolwa.5. Latehar Barwadih, Balumath, Chandwa, Latehar, Garu, Mahutanr, Manika.6. Garhwa Bandaria7. West Singhbhum Bandgaon, Chakradharpur, Sonua, Goelkera, Manoharpur,

Noamundi, Jagannathpur, Manjgaon, Manjhari, Tantnagar, Jhainkpani, Khuntipani, Chai basa, Kumardungi.

8. Saraikela Govindpur (Raj Nagar), Adityapur (Gomharia), Saraikela, Kharsawan, Kuchai, Chandil, Kharsawan, Singbhum Ichagarh, Namdih.

9. East Singhbhum Golmuri Jugsalai, Patamada, Potka, Dumaria, Musabani,Ghatshila, Dhalbhumgarh, chakulia, Baharagora.

10. Dumka Saraiyahat, Jarmundi, Jama Ramgarh, Gooikander, Dumka, Kathi Kund, Shikaripara, Rameshwar, Masalia.

11. Sahibgani Borio, Talkharia, Rajmahal, Sahibganj, Barharwa, Patna, Barhet.

Chapter


The festivals observed by the Lohars are ‘fagua’ and ‘Sohrai’. Singbouga and Dharati Mai are their supreme god and Goddesses. The lohars bury their dead in the graveyard called Masna. Tribe And Their Culture.

Bhumij This tribe also known as matku. They are mainly concentrated in the region of Dhalbhum of east singhbhum. They mainly found

the areas lying between the kasai and the subranrekha rivers. The are agriculturists. Racially the Bhumij are proto- Austroloids and linguistically Kolarian The name of their clan are patli, Jeola , Gulu and Hembrom. Bhumij also believe in God, Similar to Hindu.

Mahli They are considered as Dravidian caste of labourers. They found in Ranchi, Gumla, Lohardaga, Hazaribagh. There are five sub castes of the Mahli tribe. These are

1. Bansphor Mahli 2. Patar Mahli 3. Sulunkhi Mahli 4. Tanti Mahli 5. Munda Mahi

Their religion is a mixture of animism and Hinduism. They also celebrate festivals like karma, Sarhul, Maghe, etc.

Korwa They are one of the kolarian tribes . They consider themselves as the original in habitants of palamu district. They have 7 clan. Their most important deities are the Bhagwan (supreme God), Pat Devta. One Korwa is allowed to

keep not more than 3 wives. polygamy is permitted only when the first wife is childless.

Cheros They are mainly concentrated in palamu and Garhwa district of Jharkhand. In Palamu , they are known as Barahazar. Divorce is permissible on charges of adultery of the wife. All chero women are tattooed. Cheros celebrate birth and death ceremonies like the Hindus.

Trend AnalysisWhich of the following is a primitive tribe?(a) Kawar(b) Kora(c) Karmali(d) KorwaAns (d) KorwaJPSC Sixth Joint Civil Competitive Exam (First Paper) - 18-12-2016

21Tribes and Their Culture


Important Facts: Tribes and Their Culture

• Which group does the Santhal Tribe belong to? Proto-Australoid group• The language of Oraon Tribe is? Kudukh• What is general meaning of 'Munda' Specific person• Which marriage is considered the best in the Ho tribe? Aadi Vivah• Which tribe does not have an institution like adult house? Kharwar• In which tribe, 'Ololade' marriage is popular? Khariya• Species of Lohra tribe is? mongoloid• Species of Bhumij tribe is? Proto-Australoid group• How many gotras are found in the Mahli tribe? 16• In terms of species, In which class the Karmali tribe is placed? Proto-Australoid group• What is general meaning of 'Baiga'? Priest• The main language of 'Khond' tribe is? Bangla• The main occupation of 'Bthudi' tribe is? Agriculture and Labour• Species of Binjhiya tribe is? Dravid• Species of Gond tribe is? Dravid

Objectives : Tribes and Their Culture

1. Which tribe has the highest population among the tribes residing in the state of Jharkhand?

(a) Munda (b) Ho (c) Santhal (d) OraonAns. (c) Santhal 2. Which tribe has the second highest

population among the tribes residing in the state of Jharkhand?

(a) Munda (b) Ho (c) Santhal (d) OraonAns. (b) Oraon 3. Which tribe has the third highest population

among the tribes residing in the state of Jharkhand?

(a) Munda (b) Ho

(c) Santhal (d) OraonAns. (a) Munda 4. Under which article of Indian constitution,

tribes are notified by the President? (a) Article 340 (b) Article 342 (c) Article 338 (d) Article 339Ans. (b) Article 342 5. Which of the following statements is not

true regarding the tribes of Jharkhand? (a) Gender-discrimination is not allowed in

tribal society. (b) Women do not have an honorable place

in the tribal society of Jharkhand. (c) The tribal society of Jharkhand is

patriarchal.

26 Tribes and Their Culture


Art and Culture 3.3The cultural mosaic of Jharkhand was dreamt about, shaped and polished by generations of

communities, which have inhabited this land since time immemorial.

From the legendary Asurs and Santhals, to the Banjara, Bihor, Chero, Gond, Ho, Khond, lohra, Mal Pahariya, Munda, Oraon, Kol or Kawarover thirty-two tribal groups (28 % of the total population of the state), have left their impression on the culture of the region.

Along with the cross-cultural influences of local non-tribal communities and successive waves of Buddhism and Jainism, Mughal rule and the reign of the Hindu emperors of Bengal have contributed to the culture of Jharkhand.

Art historians ascribe the ‘oldest cave paintings’ in India, the “scroll paintings” to a Jharkhand tribe known as the Shabars.

It is an established fact that Stone Age tools discovered in Hazaribagh district and axes and spearheads found in the Chaibasa area, are remnants of a civilization dating back a few thousand years. 10,000 to 30,000 years old rock paintings, paintings in huge caves in the Sati hills and other indicators of ancient, even pre-historic, human settlements are found in profusion.

Folk Dances of Jharkhand

The people of Jharkhand have their unique and specific types of dance and music styles. The most popular dances of Jharkhand include Jhumar, Paika, Chhou, Agni, Santhal, Nachni, Jamda, Ghatwari, Natwa, Choukara, Sohrai, Lurisayro, and Matha.

These dance forms are very graceful, rhythmic and attractive, and are heavily accompanied by the drum beats and the songs or music.

Dance forms echo warrior-like movements of battles fought long ago, for the men. Observations of animal and bird behaviour are also blended into the dancing, sometimes light and airy, sometimes heavy and solemn, as the mood demands.

Everyday activities of womenfolk—working in the fields, in the forests, in their homes, all reflect themselves in dance forms like the timeless Chhau, which requires agility, suppleness and skilful hand movements. The Seraikela school of Chhau is held during the Sun Festival. It is influenced by the principles of Bharatiya Natya Shastra but the theme is based on folk-lore, nature and mythology. The choreography follows Odissi in composition and execution.

Some of the important dance forms which are practiced in Jharkhand include:

Karma Dance

Karma dance which is also popularly known as Karma Naachis is performed by the tribes of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Orissa and other regions of the country.

Chapter


These ornaments are simple but depicts the traditional culture of the region.

PotteryPottery items like Vases, earthenware and jars are made by skilled potters for domestic use as

well as artefact which are immensly by popular overseas.

Gonda Grass ItemsGonda grass is used to make curtains, mats, coaste and

file folders.

Lac Jewellerylac grows on branches of certains trees and is a product

of insect origin. It yeilds wax dye, resin and is used in pertumes, bangles and jewellery.

Terracotta ItemsClay and terracotta items are made by the Kumhar

community and are used in the making of jars, vases figurines and other decorative articles.

Paper MacheMasks made of paper mache are made in various colours and they are used in chhau dances.

Animal and bird figures are also made of peper mache.

Leather ProductsLeather products like shoes, bags etc are designed by the craft industry along with cotton,

wollen and Jute products lite sweaters, bags etc.

Musical Instruments The various dances are accompained by musical instruments like drums known as Nagara, Oraoan,

Tamak which are conical at the bottom crafted out of iron sheets and the mouths is covered with buffalo's hide.

There are clay drums like Tundak or Mandar which are covered with goat skin and Dholki made of wood from the jackfruit tree.

The stringed instrument like Sarangi and the horn clarinet, banjo, flute, Shehnai, dafli, cymbals and the Dhak are all manufactured in Jharkhand.

Trend AnalysisWhich one of these is not a folk dance of Jharkhand?(a) Paika(b) Ghumar(c) Natua(d) ChhauAns (d) ChhauGovernment High School Teacher Appointment Exam - 2009

42 Art and Culture


Kothaiya Mela in Chatra

The probable year of origin is 1925. It is held on Magh Basant panchami and is principally a cattle fair.

Tutilawa Mela in Simaria

The probable year of origin is 1935 and is principally a cattle fair held on Falgun purnima.

Lawalong Mela in Chatra

The probable year of its origin is 1880. It is held at the time of Aghan purnima.

Belgada Mela in Simaria:

The probable year of its origin is 1920 and this is principally a cattle fair held in Baisakh purnima.

Bhadli Mela in Itkhori

There is an ancient temple of Goddess Kali and lord Shiva. The origin of the mela is not known. It is only religious gathering on Makar Sankaranti.

Sangharo Mela in Chatra

It is held in Sawan Purnima. The origin of this fair is not known.

Barura Sharif in Pratappur Barura Sharif is a shrine on the bank of Sat Bahini river in Pratappur. It is said that the sufi saint

came here in the latter half of the 18th century. The Hindus and the Muslim alike come here to pay respect to the reverend saint at his Mazaar.

People suffering from evil spirits come here in large number and get themselves cured.

Rabda Sharif in Pratppur There is a Mazaar (Shrine) of Data Faham Khyal Shah at Rabda Sharif in Pratappur who was

contemporary to Data Amir Ali Shah of Barura Sharif. Here annual fair of the saint is celebrated with pomp and grandeur.

The Graveyard of Jatrahibagh In Jatrahibagh there is a graveyard. It is said that Muslim soldiers of the 1857 mutiny were buried

here. It is also known as Anjan Shahid. During British period annual fair was held, hence it is called

Jatrahibagh.

Trend AnalysisAccording to Hindu calendar when is Karma festival celebrated?(a) Bhado(b) Ashwin(c) Kartik(d) FalgunAns (a) BhadoJSSC Junior Engineer Exam - 2014

52 Fair and Festivals


Sangat in Chatra In Gudri Bazar Mahalia of Chatra there is a Sangat of Udasi Panth of Sikh doctrine where there is

an old script of the Holy Gurugranth Saheb. It is venerated at this place and is kept in high esteem by the Sikhs and the Hindus as well. Thus,

Chatra is an emblem of communal harmony where the Hindus, the Muslims and the Sikhs reside in peace and harmony.

Important Facts: Fair and Festivals

• Which festival is celebrated once in twelve years? Bhai Bhikh

• Which festival, sister begging at her brother's house? Bhai Bhikh

• In which festival do women not participate? Sun worship

• During which festival does the mother wish for the long life and prosperity of her son?

Jitiya

• What is the literally meaning of 'Navakhani', a major festival celebrated by tribes in Jharkhand?

Taking new food

• Which one festival is celebrated at an interval of 12 years and during this festival a buffalo's bull is given to a deity named Marang Buru?

Deshauli

• Which festival is celebrated on the day of Makar Sakranti? Tusu

• Which festival is celebrated to pacify the frog ghost? Kadleta• Which festival is celebrated by santhal tribes while sowing seeds? Arok• What is "Baha"? Holi played with

pure water• Which festival is celebrated by the Santhal tribe for a good crop of paddy? Haryad• In which district of Jharkhand is the Gandhi Mela organized? Simdega• Which fair is organized in Chatra district? Jatrahi Mela• In which district of Jharkhand is the Gandhi Mela organized? Simdega• Which fair is organized in Chatra district? Jatrahi Mela

53Fair and Festivals


Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications

Tourism 3.5C

hapter

Tourism is essentially an expression of a natural instinct for learning, experience, education and entertainment. The motivating factors for tourism include social, religious business interest and quest for knowledge.

Religious Waterfall Hills Station Water Spots Archeological & Historical

JharkhandTourism

Arohi Publications

57Tourism


In Buddha period, Buddha came here and stayed for some time. In the meantime his relatives came here searching him and found him but Buddha ignored them to identify as a relative. His relative told “Itkhoi - Yahi kho diya”, since then its name became ITKHORI.

Angrabari (Amreshwar Dham)

Baba Amreshwar Dham is located at Angrabadi which is around 10 km from Khunti in Jharkhand. The temple is dedicated to Hindu God Shive.

The Shivling worshipped in the temple is Swayambhu - appeared on its own.The deity worshipped in the temple is known as Baba Amreshwar because the Shivling worshipped in the temple is near a Mango tree. There is no roof above the main Shivling in the temple. This is because whenever an attempt was made to build a temple around the HoIy Shivling; Shiva came in the dream of the person working on it and asked to stop it.

Baba Amreshwar is popular as a wish fulfilling deity. Lots of devotees arrive at the temple to get their wish fulfilled.

Trikuti Dham It is situated 13 km away from Deoghar on the way to Dumka. There are three main peaks on the

hill which is why it is called Trikutachal. The height of this hill is 2,470 feet (750 m). There

is also a temple of Shiva at this place known as Trikutacha! Mahadeva Temple. It is the mouth of river Mayurakshi.

On the top of three hills Situated here, popularly known as Trikuti, many a sage attained salvation. The hill consisted of huge boulders. On the right is a small temple where Parvati is worshipped. Close to her lies a Shivalinga. People flock here from far and wide during Shivaratri.

Harihar Dham

Harihar dam is located 60 km away from Giridih district. It is mainly famous for large Shivling sculpture

70 Tourism


Patratu Dam

Patratu dam is only 40 km away from Ranchi. Patratu dam was constructed under the planning of the greatest Iridian engineer and father of Indian engineering “SIR Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya

Patratu dam is the most popular tourist spot of Patratu. It is used for picnic (new year celebration) and for Chhatt puja, it is about 6 km far from the main Patratu city.

Flanked by hills covered with lush green trees, red and violet flowers and honey bees humming, the Pithouria- Patratu Valley is no less attractive than the valleys on the Gangtok- Nathula, Dehradun-Mussouri and Raxaul- Kathmandu roads in terms of natural elegance.

Tenughat Dam

Tenughat is located Bermo sub division of Bokaro district.

Kanke Dam

Kanke dam is a lake situated at the base of the Gonda hills,which is about 5km away from Ranchi city. It is very famous for its scenic beauty.

72 Tourism


The serene ambience by the still waters becomes suddenly alive with the cacophony of a wide variety of chirping birds. The lake is often intercepted by a whizzing speed. boat or by a lazy shikara.

Archaeological and Historical Places Raham cave on the north of Satpahar, is supposed to be a refuge for the Tana Bhagats around the

end of the 19th century. The cave has graffiti-type mandalas painted in red haematite. Sidpa rock shelter to the west of Satpahar has enigmatic drawings of deer and bulls, and tattoo

designs still used by tribal women. Another site on the road to Sidpa has hundreds of large stone blocks carved with designs of a female deity sitting on a lion’s tail, churning butter and a hunter on horseback about to spear a stag.

Nautangwa cave shelter is in the Mahadeva or Mohundi range of the upper Damodar Valley. These include some of the finest animal forms and some charming figures like that of a mother chasing her son.

Barwadi Punkhri 6 km before the town of Barkagaon, is Jharkhand’s preeminent megalith site. The site lies within strange concentric circles with megalithic clusters around their rim. The surface of the site is strewn with flake tools and microliths.

Arohi Publications

81Tourism


Spiritual/Religious Tourism Jharkhand has an abundant number of religious places of national importance. The holy city of Deoghar is the abode of Baba Baidyanath.one of the 12 Jyotir Lingas scattered

across the country. The most sacred pilgrimage-site for the Jain, the Parasnath. where 20 out of the 24 Tirthankars

attained Mahanirvana, is situated in Jharkhand. One of the most revered shaktisthals-Rajrappa and Ma Bhadrakali temple are located in the

Ramgarh and Chatra districts respectively. A large number of religious tourists visit such sacred in the state throughout the year.

Rajrappa Mahotsav 2018State Festivel "Rajarappa Mahotsav" celebration is a symbol of confluence. faith and

exultation. This festival was organized on 24-25 February 2018 at C.C.L. Ground. Rajarappa, Ramgarh. The Former Chief Minister Shri Raghuvar Das inaugurated this event.

Some of the major announcements by state government for improving tourism are:

Jain pilgrimage centre 'Parasnath' in the Giridih district would be developed as an international tourist destination on the public-private partnership mode.

Gaya to Bhadrakali temple in Chatra and 'Shantiniketan- Tuapith to Maluti in Duinka- would get a makeover.

Do You Know ?

Itkhori Mahotsa, 2018The state Itkhori Festival is held every

year in the Bhadrakali Temple premises. The main objective of the festival is to foster cultural harmony and promote tourism. 'Itkhori Mahotsav' was organized from the Igth to the 21st of February 2018.

Rural Tourism The rural areas of Jharkhand arc also very rich naturally, ethnically and culturally. There is an immense potential of rural tourism in Jharkhand. Accordingly certain villages in the different regions of the state are being developed, to provide

basic facilities to their visiting tourists.


Social and Cultural Status

Social Organisation The social structure of the tribes may be

roughly divided into seven different types. This division is based on the different types of units found in a tribe and the nature of their interrelations. The most important function of these units is regulation of marriage.

In an amorphous stage, the tribe is generally endogamous but not invariably so. Marriage outside the tribe is not uncommon. The tribe here is divided into a number of groups based on locality which may extend over a wide area or may be restricted to a village. These are called 'local groups'. The local group is neither strictly exogamous nor endogamous but rather agamous. Each local group again is divided into a number of families, marriage within which is regarded as incestuous and therefore strictly prohibited. The endogamous tribes are divided into a number of exogamous clans, each of which is again divided into a number of families. The Mundas of Jharkhand may be cited as a good example of this variety.

In Jharkhand, as far as ethnographic records show, an overwhelming majority of tribes are organised on clan-basis. The clan generally has a name which is either totemic or eponymous. Totemic names are more in evidence in Chota Nagpur, Orissa, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, etc. Eponymous names occur mostly in Assam. Totemic names are taken generally from birds, animals, fishes, plants, trees, heavenly bodies, and even inanimate objects.

The clan is not associated with any geographical territory. In most of the tribes

Chapter

different clans reside in the same village and the same clan may be found scattered over the entire tribal habitat. Inspite of this we can find some direct association between clan and territory. The members of a clan regard themselves to be related by blood. They trace their descent from a common ancestor or ancestress who is more often a fictitious person.

A clan is usually split up into a number of lineages or into families where the concept of lineage does not exist. We have already indicated the difference between lineage and clan. The members of a lineage feel themselves to be far more closely related than clansmen. The lineage also descends through one of the parents. Regulation of marriage and sexual relation, and inheritance of property are the two most important functions of this unit.

Though the lineage is an expanded family yet it differs from the latter in the following characters:— (1) Absence of residential cohabitation i.e. the members of a lineage do not live together in the same house just as family members do. (2) All its members are unilaterally related by blood which is not true of the family, as spouses generally come from different families. (3) Though lineage members exercise some supervision over the children of the unit yet the actual rearing up of them rests with the family. (4.) The lineage is not a food-group like the family and there is much less economic co-operation among its members than among family members.

The lineage or the clan is divided into families. Among social units family is the most fundamental one. It is found in one or

3.6

91Social and Cultural Status


Jhanjhain song is sung on the birth of a child. They also have several dances for different

occasions like hunting, festivals, marriage ther social gatherings such as:

Paika- is popular in Bokaro and Dhanbad and is in battle dress.

Chhau- is famous dance of Saraikela which in a group to dipict various stories of the Ramayan. Mahabharat etc.

Agni- is performed on the eve of worshiping of deities

Some other dances include Bonga of Ho, Sarhul of Oraons, Karma of Kols, Jadur of Bhumij, Mundari of Mundas etc.

Important deities of these tribal group have their origin in natural environment around them.

They include Singhonga (Sungod). Marang Buru (Highest Mountain God). Dhannesh, Bedogosain (Highest god, sun), Bilp gosain (moon god). Jaher era (deity of grove), Hat Bonga (Deity of village), Gaon Deoti (village piety).

Among the Onions. the Munda. and number of tribes. the religious and ritualistic functions are performed by Pahan in oraon area, they arc known as Naigas and Baiga.

The 'Baiga' is prevalent among the Asur. the Chero, the Kharwars and the Pahariya tribes.

Among the Santhals. they are known as Naike and his assistant Kudam Naikee.

Sauriya Pahariya, they are called Kando Manjhi and among Mal Pahariya, Dehri.

Among Kharia, espicially Hill Kharias they are known as Deuri or Deora.

Some Important terms-related to social organisation

Bandi- Bride Price in kind is known as Bandi among the Sauria, Mal and Kumarbhag Paharias.

Baiga- He is the religious priest found in western parts of Ranchi. Latehar. Palamu and Garhwa districts where the Oraon, the Asur. the Birjia, the Chero. the Kharwar and the Paharia tribes live.

Dhamkuria- It is the bachelor's organisation as found among the Oraons. It has two branches viz., "Jonkerpa" ( for the young men) and "Pel Erpa" (for the maidens).

Dihuri- He is the priest of the Savars, the Hos, the Hill Kharias and the Bathudi and is also known as 'Deora' or 'Deori'.

Dehri- He is the priest of the Mal Pahariya and is also known as 'Nado' among the Kumarbhag Pahariya.

Giti-Ora- It is the bachelor's organisation (dormitory) of the Mundas and the Asurs.

Gonong- It is the name of bride prict among the Mundas, the Hos, the Khania and such other tribes.

Janam Chatiar- A kind of birth celebration among the Santhals which is five days in the case of a male child and three days in case of a girl.

Killi- A term for clan among the tribes. Kusrain- She is the midwife among the

Pahariyas and a number of other tribes. Kotwar- He is the assistant of the Dehri or the

Nado as known among a number of tribes such as Saurja, Mal, Kumarbhag and such other tribes.

Laya- He is the religious priest known among the Bhumij.

Mati- He is a sorcerer or magician popular

91

Trend AnalysisMaler is related to-(a) Sauriya Pahariya (b) Birhor(c) Oraon (d) BhumijAns (a) Sauriya PahariyaMarket Supervisor Competitive Exam - 2007

92 Social and Cultural Status


among the Asurs, the Cheros, the Kharwar the, Goraits, etc.

Pon- The bride price in cash is called 'Pon' particularly among the Santhals, the Sauriya and the Mal Pahariyas.

Parganait- He is the custodian of all social functions in his area which includes several Oraon villages. The disputes are settled by him through the council. He may even impose fine on the wrong doer.

Jog Manjhi- He is selected from among the Santhals to keep watch over the morals of the village.

Naike- He is the village priest of the Santhals who supervises the religious rituals and ceremonies of the tribe.

Kudam Naike- He is Naike's assistant.

Khunt- It means lineage and is applied to the agnatic descendant from a common ancestor.

Mahto- He is the secular head of the village community particular among the Oraons and is responsible for protecting the village from external threat.

Gorait: The council meeting is summoned by the Gorait on the advised of Manjhi.

Youth Dormitary Name of Tribe Gitiora Munda, Asur, Sauriya

PahariaGiti HoDhumkuriya OraonTanda Birhor, KorwaGotlu/Ghotlu Santhal

Important Facts: Social and Cultural Status

• What is the main occupation of the Mal Pahadia tribe? Jhum agriculture, food storage, hunting

• What is transferable agriculture in Mal Pahadia tribe called? Kurma Agriculture• Which language does the Sauriya Pahadia tribe use to speak? Bangla• In which area of Jharkhand is the concentration of Soria Pahadia tribe

found?Santhal Parganas

• By what name is the youth house of the Asura tribe known? Gitiora• What is the gotra called asura tribe? Paras• The Birjiya tribe is considered to be part of which tribe? Asur• Which district of Jharkhand has the highest concentration of Birjiya tribe? Ranchi• In which tribe, kinship system is found exactly like Hindus? Parhiya• From which language has the term Birhor originated? Mundari• Birhor tribe believe themselves as? Suryavanshi• How many gotras are found in Korba tribe? 6• What is the main occupation of the saber tribe? Agriculture, wages• Who is the main deity of the saber tribe? Goddess Kaali

Geography of Jharkhand 4.1C

hapter

11Geography of Jharkhand

Jharkhand-ToThePoint Arohi Publications

This soil has higher composition of lime and potash, but nitrogen and humus is present in less quantity.

This soil is considered as the fertile and best Suited for the production of paddy and wheat.

SoilErosion The undulating areas in state and human actions have

caused enormous soil erosion. The uprooting for forests by forest majia and local people

of their fuel requirement are major concern in terms of soil erosion.

Light textured soils of state having shallow depths are very prone to erosion in case of high intensity rainfall.

Soil erosion is also caused by shifting cultivation in Jharkhand, it is known Jhum kheti. Traditional method of agriculture intensifies the rate of soil erosion because ploughing is done in

a slope, these slopes give rise to soil erosion.

SchemesandProgrammestoPreventSoilErosionInState Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP) Macro Management of Agriculture (MMA) River valley Project and flood prone Rivers (RVP and FPRs) Pilot Project on National Rainfed Area Authority (NRAA) Wasteland Development Progamme 2009-10 Koel-koro project is also beneficial for soil erosion

and preserving forest resources. Persently this project is not working. Apart from above schemes, government with the support of voluntary organization is working to

disseminate information regarding soil conservation. Inspite of this, the development of damodar valley has also played important role in afforestation, control over soil erosion and devastating impact of flood.

Climate Jharkhand has a different climate from that of Bihar and other neighbouring states. Here variations in climatic elements (temperature,precipitation, Pressure wind, relative humidity,

etc) are influenced by its geographical location in tropical and subtropical regions, the overhead presence of tropic of cancer,high elevatiaon, nearness to the Bay of Bengal, etc.

Monsoon wind comes here from two different areas, one portion comes from the Arabian Sea and other from the Bay of Bengal

Jharkhand State experiences both the Tropical and Sub-tropical conditions. The overhead presence of tropic of cancer should enable not climatic condition over her but 1/3rd

area having an elevation of were than 400m.and 2/3rd area having elevation over 300m. As a result, the temperature of Jharkhand is 60F less than the Ganga Plain.

SeasonsofState The climatic year of Jharkhand is divided into three broad seasons:

i. winter Season (November to February)

TrendAnalysisWhatpercentageoflandisusedin agriculture in Jharkhand?(a) 23% (b) 30%(c) 35% (d) 20%Ans(a)23%Market Supervisor CompetitiveExam-2007

15Geography of Jharkhand


15

Most of the rivers of Jharkhand are seasonal. Therefore, adequate water is available in the rivers here during the rainy season. In contrast, except for Damodar and Subarnarekha, other rivers go waterless in summer or very little amount of water is found in them.

DrainageSystem

DrainageSystemmayreferto:

A drainage system (geomorphology), is the pattern formed by the streams, rivers, and lakes in a particular drainage basin.

A drainage system (agriculture), is an intervention to control water logging aiming at soil improvement for agricultural production.

A drainage system in urban and industrial areas, a facility to dispose of liquid waste. The rivers of Jharkhand are mainly dependent on the rainfall. The flow of water mostly depends

upon the amount of rainfall and the topographical feature of the river course. Rivers and waterfalls are main components of drainage system in Jharkhand.


Jharkhand is primarily an agriculture state. This state consists of 3.29 cr. population, its rural population is more than 70%.

Most of them are dependent on agriculture and total agriculture land is 38 lacs hectares. Out of the total area of 79,714 square kilometers. Only forty percent of the land is fertile and

assured irrigation is available in 2 lacs hectares. The average rainfall of the state is 300-1400 mm which is received in four months from June to

September. The state needs 46 lakhs metric tons of foods grains but only half of this is produced in the state. The per capital availability of food grains in Jharkhand is only 230 grams per day against 523 grams

per day at the All India Level. Estimating the food grain requirement as 480 grams per day, as per the current production Jharkhand.

Share of the Agriculture Sector in GSVA at Constant Prices (2011-12 Series)

Value of Output (in Cr.) % Share Total GSVA % Growth over the previous year

2016-17 (Pr.)

2017-18 (Pr.)

2018-19 (Pr.)

2016-17 (Pr.)

2017-18 (Pr.)

2018-19 (Pr.)

2017-18 (Pr.)

2018-19 (Pr.)

Crop 14275 14839 15425 8.31 8.11 7.91 3.95 3.95Livestock 5280 5271 5261 3.07 2.88 2.70 -0.17 -0.17Fishing and Aquaculture

891 937 985 0.52 0.51 0.51 5.10 5.10

Total 20447 21046 21671 11.9 11.5 11.12 2.9 2.9

Jharkhand Have Three Agro Climatic Zones

1. Central and Northern Eastern Plateau Total area is 4100 hectare, out of which 13% is forest area. 618 lands is the net sown area. Its zonal research station is located at Dumka. This area is extended to Hazaribagh, Giridih, Santhal Pargana , Dhanbad , North Eastern Part of

Ranchi. Important Crops :- Rice , wheat , Maize , Ragi, Potato, Arhar, Rapeseed, Mustard, Gram, Pulses.

Agriculture, Irrigation and Multipurpose Projects 4.2

Chapter

30 Agriculture, Irrigation and Multipurpose Projects


four months of rainy season and is erratic in terms of timing, precipitation and intensity. About 20 percent of the net sown area has assured irrigation while the potential is to irrigate about 30% of the net sown area. The irrigation coverage thus is low and the state still has to realise its full irrigation potential. The cropping intensity of the state, as a result, is only 126%. The seed replacement rate for the state of Jharkhand was 15%.

Jharkhand Agriculture : Important FactsLand and Others Area (in Lakh Hec.) Percentage (%)Total GeographicalArea

79.71

Total Cultivable Land 38 48Kharif 28Rabi 11Cropping Intensity 126Average Rainfall (mm) 1200-1300Net Sown Area having Assured Irrigation 20% of Potential Irrigated Land 30Fertilizer Uses (kg/Hec) 92Seed Replacement Rate 15

Figure: contribution of Agriculture and other sector to GSDP

Land Use in JharkhandAgriculture and allied sector production in value terms has shown a consistent growth over the

last five years. The value of the output of agriculture and allied sector at constant prices has increased from Rs. 1254965 lakh in 2010-11 to Rs. 1976448 lakh in 2014-15 in above Figure. It is further expected to grow to 2145930 lakhs in 2015-16.

37Agriculture, Irrigation and Multipurpose Projects


D. Tube Well The total irrigation from tube wells is only 8.25% of the total

area. The highest percentage of canal irrigation is found in Bokaro

(40.67%), Giridih (40.13%) and Koderma (34.87%).

Irrigation Potential in Jharkhand Almost 461 thousand hectares are the ultimate irrigation

potential that lie in the major irrigation projects in the state and 98.78 thousand hectares in the minor irrigation projects.

In the major projects, the Subarnarekha river basin has the highest potential, that is 265 thousand hectares followed by the Ajay (64.44 thousand hectare) and Damodar river basins (62.79 thousand hectare) in the state.

In the case of the minor irrigation projects the ultimate irrigation potential is the highest in the South Koel River (29.46 thousand hectares) followed by the Khrkai river sub-basin (19.55 thousand hectares).

District: Highest Irrigated AreasRank District Total Irrigated Area (in %)

1. Palamu 24.25%2. Deoghar 14.22%3. Godda 14.21%4. Hazaribagh 10.51%5. Dumka 9.47%

Land Pattern in JharkhandCategory Areas In Lakh Hectares Areas In

PercentageCultivable Area 29.74 37.30%

Forest Area 23.92 30.00%Water bodies 1.59 2.00%

Water land 7.17 9.00%Scrab forest 4.38 5.50%

Built up Area 3.399 5.00%Usha 8.93 11.00

Trend AnalysisHow many types of crops are grown mainly in Jharkhand?(a) 1(b) 2(c) 3(d) 4Ans (c) 3JPSC 5th Joint Civil Services Preliminary Competition Exam- 15-12-2013

Climate Change

Environmental Protection and Climate Change Climate change has taken dangerous proportions and has became a global challenge in recent

times. People are experiencing significant impacts of climate change, which include changing weather patterns, rising sea level, and more extreme weather events.

The greenhouse gas emissions from human activities are driving climate change which continues to get worse. They are now at their highest levels in history.

Affordable, scalable solutions are now available to enable countries to leapfrog to cleaner, more resilient economies. The pace of change is quickening as more people are turning to renewable energy and a range of other measures that will reduce emissions and increase adaptation efforts.

Given the magnitude of threat to human life flora and fauna, the UN has adopted “climate action” as one of the 17 sustainable development goals.

Some Facts About Climate Change and its Impact From 1880 to 2012, average global temperature has increased by 0.85°C. To put this into

perspective, for each 1 degree of temperature increase, grain yields decline by about 5 percent. Maize, wheat and other major crops have experienced significant yield reductions at the global level of 40 megatons per year between 1981 and 2002 due to a warmer climate.

Oceans have warmed, the amounts of snow and ice have diminished and sea level has risen. From 1901 to 2010, the global average sea level rose by 19 cm as oceans expanded due to warming and ice melted. The Arctic’s sea ice extent has shrunk in every successive decade since 1979, with 1.07 million km² of ice loss every decade

Given current concentrations and on-going emissions of greenhouse gases, it is likely that by the end of this century, the increase in global temperature will exceed 1.5°C compared to 1850 to 1900 for all but one scenario. The world’s oceans will warm and ice melt will continue. Average sea level rise is predicted at 24 – 30cm by 2065 and 40-63cm by 2100. Most aspects of climate change will persist for many centuries even if emissions are stopped.

Global emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) have increased by almost 50 percent since 1990 Emissions grew more quickly between 2000 and 2010 than in each of the three previous decades. It is still possible, using a wide array of technological measures and changes in behaviour, to limit the increase in global mean temperature to two degrees Celsius above preindustrial levels.

Jharkhand has a high concentration of tribal population which is as high as 26% who are primarily rural with rain and climate dependent agriculture as their main source of sustenance.

The social dimensions of climate change can be far reaching impacting the income generation capacities, health education access, gender balance, distress migration, social conflicts and the food and employment prospects of these tribal communities. The first actionable strategy on climate change impact mitigation is creating awareness. As part of this strategy a SWOT analysis is being prepared.

4.3C

hapter


Forest and Environment

Forest is a renewable source and contributes substantially to the economic development. To save the 5 “J” drive has become a movement of sorts in the state of Jharkhand and includes Jan (man), Jal (water), Jungle (forest), Janwar (wild life), and Jameen (land). According to the ISFR-2019, the total forest area in Jharkhand is 23,611.41 sq km, which is 29.62 % of the total area of the state (79714 sq km)

Jharkhand's Forest cover increased from 23,524 Km2 in 2017, which is 29.62% of the total geographical area in the state, the Initial ISFR report on 2015 had published 23,478 Km2 forest are in Jharkhand

Most of the forests of Jharkhand as much as 79 percent were Privately owned until the zamindari system was abolished under the Bihar land reforms act 1950. Before Acquisition of these Zamindari Forests, their wanton destruction was the order of the day. However the things look a turn for better thereafter. At present the state is having 29.62% of its total land mass under forest area.

Tree cover: In the assessment of “Tree cover”, field inventory data are used because tree resources also exist in the form of linear plantations along roads and canals, farm cards, as well as in homesteads and urban areas and wood lots smaller than 120.

Classification of ForestsType Tree Canopy DensityVery Dense Forest (VDF) 70 percent and aboveModerately dense forest (MDF) 40 percent and above but less than 70 percentOpen forest (OF) 10 percent and above but less than 40 percentScrub Degraded land with tree canopy density of less than 10 percentNon forest Land not included in any of the above classes

Forest cover in JharkhandThe forest cover in the state is 23,611.41 Km2 which is 29.62% (above as compare to national

avarage-21.54%) of the state's geographical area. In terms of forest canopy density classes the state has 2,598 km2 under very dense forest 9686 Km2 moderately

Non forest Area - 69.61% Scrub - 0.86% Open forest - 14.20% Mid dense forest - 12.15% Very dense forest - 3.27% Altitude zone wise forest cover : Forest cover changes with the change is altitude, below 600–

700m altitude the forest are denser and beyond that less denser forest are found. It is due to low temperature, photo period and rainfall condition.

4.4C

hapter


14. Lannea corromandelica

Gijan Gond Palamu, Garhwa June-August Medicine and Food

15. Andrographics Kalmegh (Chiraita)

Palamu, Latehar November-January

Medicine

16. Woodfordia fructicosa

Dhawal phool

Palamu December-February

Medicine

17. Asparagus racemosus

Satawari Palamu, Gumla, Khunti

All seasons Medicine

18. Rauwolfia serpentina

Sarpagandha Palamu, Simdega, Giridih

September-December

Medicine

19. Withania somnifera

Aswagandha Gumla, Lohardaga, Palamu

November-December

Medicine

20. Butea monosperma

Palas/Tesuphool

Palamu, Khunti, Simdega, Giridih

March-May Medicine

21. Bantulsi Palamu, Latehar, Garhwa

November-March

Medicine

22. Schleieichera oleosa

Kusum Gumla, Simdega June-Octuber

Oil/Feed

23. Mucuna pruriens

Kaunch beej Palamu, Chaibasa Medicine

24. Aegle marmelos Bael giri Palamu March--May Food/Medicine25. Amla Oil26. Dried Amla

pulpMedicine

Source: http://jhamfcofed.com/reso/index.htm and Jharkhand Economic Survey 2018-19

Sal It is state tree of Jharkhand. Its extent is from North to South area of Jharkhand. Sal is locally known as Sakhua and Sarai useful for oil. It's leaves and wood are used for domestic purpose. It can be consider as substituted of plastic usages.

Rosewood (Shisham) It is found almost all parts of Jharkhand, but largely extend

over Northern and middle part of Jharkhand. It's wood is highly valuable which is used for furniture and home making goods. It's leaves is also useful for Medicine.

Mahua This type of tree found almost every part of Jharkhand. It is a prime tree of Jharkhand.

67Forest and Environment


Trend AnalysisBetla National Park situated in which district?(a) Latehar (b) Dhanbad(c) Gumla (d) DumkaAns (a) LateharPostgraduate Trained Teacher Placement Examination - 2012

Demography of Jharkhand

The Jharkhand separated from Bihar on 15th November, 2000 and became 28th state of India.

Every year on 15th November, state celebrates its foundation day. Now, Jharkhand is divided into 5 Divisions, 24 Districts, 38 Sub-Divisions, and 260 Blocks. Jharkhand

occupy 13th position in terms of population in India As per Census 2011, Jharkhand has a population of 3.29 crores, nearly 2.72 percent of the India’s

total population. The state of Jharkhand has a predominantly high rural population (76%). The decadal population

growth in the state is nearly 22 percent in 2011. Out of total population, 26 percent belongs to Scheduled Tribes (STs). Out of the total population, nearly 16 percent consists below six years of age.

Census – 2011 Data Analysis of Jharkhand

The Population pyramid for Jharkhand in Figure shows that the state had a high population of children aged 0 to 14 years.

The population of Jharkhand is 3.3 Crores as per Census 2011. As per the information, there is an increase from the figure of 2.69 Crore in census 2001.

The total population of the state is 32,988,134 per the Census 2011.Out of which 16,930,315 are males and 16,057,819 are females.

However in the year 2001, the total population of the state was 26,945,829 out of which the number of male’s were13, 885,037 and the number of females were 13,060,792.

The decadal growth rate of Jharkhand in the total population is 22.42 %. In the previous decade the population growth was 23.19%. Jharkhand’s population forms 2.72 % of India in the year 2011 however it formed 2.62 % in 2001. According to Census – 2011, Total Population of Scheduled Tribe in Jharkhand is 8645042 and

Scheduled Caste is 3985644.

4.5C

hapter


The STs are concentrated mainly in the southern and the north eastern part of the state.

Among the major tribes of the state, the Santhals are concentrated in the Santhal Pargana region that is, the districts located in the north eastern part of the state Dumka, Pakur and Sahebganj.

The Oraons are concentrated in Lohardaga, Ranchi and Gumla districts.

Other six major tribes, namely Munda, Ho, Kharwar, Lohra, Bhurnij and Kharia are concentrated in the Khunti, West Singhhhum, Palamau, Ranchi, East Singhhhum and Simdega districts respectively.

The eight PVTGs of the state constitute about 3.4 percent of the tribal population. Among them the Mal Paharia is numerically the largest one constituting about 46 per cent of the

PVTG population of the state, followed by Sauria Paharia constituting about 16 per cent of the PVTG population of the state.

Birjia, Savar and Birhor are numerically the smallest PVTGs constituting about 2 per cent, 3 percent and 4 per cent of the PVTG the state respectively.

The Sauria and Mal Paharias are mainly concentrated in the Santhal Pargana region of the state. About 98 per cent of the Sauria Paharias and 56 per cent of the Mal Paharias live in the Pakur, Sahebganj and Godda districts of this region. Similarly the majority of Korwa and Parahia live in the Palamau region of the state.

About 88 per cent of the Korwas and 93 per cent of the Parahias live in Garhwa, Palamau and Latehar. Among the other PVTGs the Savars are mainly concentrated in East Singhbhum; Asur in Gumla,

Hazaribagh, Lohardaga, Ramgarh and Latehar and Birijia in Gumla and Latehar. Birhor is a more dispersed community than the rest of the PVTGs, more than half of them live in Haz.

aribagh, Chatra, Gumla and West Singhbhum. Based on the Census of India, 2011 data, the Scheduled Caste and other minority communities comprise

12.08 percent and 19.12 percent, respectively, of the total population of Jharkhand. Twenty two Scheduled Caste communities and five religious minority communities live in this state. Out of 22 SCs, (Caste whose occupation is related to leather work Cobbler) is the most populous caste,

constituting about 26 per cent of the total SC population. Percentage of the Scheduled Caste Lowest 3.16 percent in Pakur and Highest 32.65 percent in Chatra. The minority religious communities comprise of the Muslims, Sikhs, Christians, Buddhists, Zorastrians

(Parsis) and Jains. They have been notified as minority communities by the Government of India in the Gazette under

Section 2(c) of National Commission for Minorities Act, 1992. Among them only five of them namely Muslims, Sikhs, Christians, Buddhists and Jains have a significant

presence. Among the five major religious minorities living in the state, the Muslims are numerically the largest.

They constitute 14.5 per cent of the population of the state. Christians, the 2nd largest religious minority community in the state constitute only 4.3 percent of the

population of the state. The rest of them constitute less than 1 percent of the population of the state — the Sikhs 0.22 per cent,

the Buddhists 0.03 per cent and the Jains 0.05 percent. Simdega has the highest and Saraikela has the lowest presence of the minority communities. Sahebganj and Pakur have a large percentage of Muslims— about 35 per cent of the population of

these districts belong to this community. Simdega, Khunti and Gumla, on the other hand, have a sizable presence of the Christians. More than

half of the population of Simdega are Christians. In Jharkhand, 41 percent of the rural SC households have no literate adults above 25 years of age.

Trend AnalysisLargest tribe of Jharkhand In terms of population?(a) Ho (b) Munda(c) Santhal (d) OroanAns (c) SanthalJPSC Prlims 2003

91Demography of Jharkhand



Polity 5.1The Indian Constitution came into effect since 26th January of 1950. It is considered as the

world’s most detailed and vast constitution.

Speaker : Jharkhand AssemblyNo. Name

(Constituency)Term Party Assembly

(Election)1 Inder Singh Namdhari

(Daltonganj)22 Nov. 2000 29 March 2004

Janata Dal (United) First/Interim

Assembly (2000

election)

Acting Bagun Sumbrai 29 March 2004 29 May 2004

(1) Inder Singh Namdhari(Daltonganj)

4 June 2004 11 August 2004 Janata Dal (United)

2 Mrigendra Pratap Singh(Jamshedpur West)

18 August 2004 11 January 2005Bharatiya

Janata PartyActing Saba Ahmad 12 January 2005 1 March 2005

(1) Inder Singh Namdhari(Daltonganj)

15 March 2005 14 September 2006

Janata Dal (United)

Second Assembly

(2005 election)

3 Alamgir Alam (Pakaur) 20 October 2006 26 December 2009

Indian National Congress

4 Chandreshwar Prasad Singh (Ranchi)

6 January 2010 19 July 2013 Bharatiya Janata Party

Third Assembly

(2009 election)

5 Shashank Shekhar Bhokta (Sarath)

25 July 2013 23 December 2014

Jharkhand Mukti

Morcha

6 Dinesh Oraon (Sisai) 7 January 2015 24 December 2019

Bharatiya Janata Party

Fourth Assembly

(2014 election)

7 Rabindra Nath Mahato (Nala)

7 January 2020 Incumbent Jharkhand Mukti

Morcha

Fifth Assembly

(2019 election)

Chapter

11Polity


community, in pursuance of article 333 of the Constitution, was also deemed to have been nominated to the Legislative Assembly of Jharkhand.

Legislative assembly of Jharkhand is unicameral. There are 82 members in the Vidhan Sabha including 1 member nominated by the Governor.

The Governor of Jharkhand appoints one Anglo- Indian member. There are reserved seats of Scheduled Caste and Schedule Tribes as per the provision of the Indian constitution.

The tenure of the Assembly is five years unless sooner dissolved. The members of Legislative Assembly are directly elected by an electorate consisting of all adult

citizens of the State. The maximum strength as outlined in the constitution of India is not more than 500 members and not less than 60.

QualificationsforthemembershipoftheLegislativeAssembly:

Should be the citizen of India. Must attained twenty five years of age Must possess other qualification as prescribed by the parliament. Must not have criminal record.

LegislativeAssembly(Unicameral)ofJharkhand Total members in the Jharkhand’s Legislative Assembly 82 (Elected-81 and Nominated-1) Members in Rajya Sabha 06 Members in Lok Sabha 14 Reserved Seats in Lok Sabha 6 Scheduled Caste 09 Scheduled Tribes 28 General Category 44 Scheduled Tribes 05 (Lok Sabha) Arohi Publications 8 Polity Scheduled Caste 01 (Lok Sabha) General 08 (Lok Sabha) Largest constituency of Lok Sabha Singhbhum (Reserved) Smallest Constituency of Lok Sabha (Chatra)

ThePowersandFunctionsoftheLegislativeAssemblyLegislativePowers: The main function of the Legislative Assembly is to make laws confined to the State List and the

Concurrent List. However, the Parliament has also jurisdiction over the Concurrent List. Where a law made by the state legislature on a matter listed in the Concurrent List conflicts with

law made by the Parliament on the same matter, the latter will prevail, if the state law has not received the assent of the President.

Normally the Parliament has no jurisdiction over the State List. But during Emergency the Parliament can make laws on the State List.

Trend AnalysisWhichpoliticalpartywasthefirstgovernmentofthenewlyformedstateofJharkhand?(a) JMM (b) BJP(c) INC (d) JVMAns(b)BJPJSSC Reservation CompetitionExam 2016

13Polity


MiscellaneousFunctions The Legislative Assembly can punish anybody for its contempt. It selects some of the members of University Senate (s). It considers the reports of the Public Service Commission and the Accountant General. It appoints different Committees of the House. It sends delegations to the Union Government to press the demands of the state.

Speakers The Speaker presides over the meetings of the House. All speeches are addressed to the chair. Speaker constitutes various committees of the House and nominates the chairman as well as it its

members. Speaker enforces discipline in the House. All bills passed by the Legislative Assembly are authenticated by his signatures before they are sent to

the Governor for his assent. His decision is final on the question whether a Bill is a Money Bill or not. The speaker has very important power under the Anti Defection Law.

Important Facts: Polity

• Who is the Speaker of the fifth assembly of Jharkhand? Ravindra Nath Mahato• Who is the Protem Speaker of the fifth Assembly of Jharkhand Stephen Marandi• Who is the current Chief Minister of the state of Jharkhand Hemant Soren• Who has sworn in as the minister of Jharkhand state after the 2019

assembly elections?Satyanand Bhokta,Dr. Rameshwar Oraon

• Name of the first member nominated for Jharkhand Legislative Assembly

Joseph Pechel Galstein

• Who defeated the outgoing Chief Minister Raghuvar Das in the 2019 Jharkhand Assembly elections?

Saryu Rai

• Which political party has the highest number of MLAs in the state of Jharkhand?

JMM

• How many members of the Bharatiya Janata Party are there in the state of Jharkhand in the 7th Lok Sabha?

11

• How many members of Bharatiya Janata Party are there from the state of Jharkhand in the current Rajya Sabha?

03

• How many members are elected by direct election in Jharkhand Legislative Assembly?

81

• How many Anglo-Indian members are nominated in the assembly of Jharkhand?

01

• BywhatnameistheJharkhandassemblybuildingknown? Russian Hostel• In which district of Jharkhand state all the constituencies are reserved

for Scheduled Tribes?Gumla, Lohardaga

Judiciary 5.2 High Court can be formed as per the procedure prescribed

in Article 214, 216, and 217 of the Constitution of India. Article 214 provides that every State shall have a High

Court, however, Article 231 states that Article 214 shall not be a bar for constituting a common high court for two or more States.

Although, only Parliament may by law establish a Common High Court for two or more States.

This means that, unless Parliament by law establishes a Common High Court for two or more States, every State has to have a High Court, i.e., upon formation of a new State a new High Court is also formed.

A circuit bench of the Patna High Court was established at Ranchi with effect from 6th March, 1972 under clause 36 of the Letter Patent of that High Court. The bench was established to meet the needs of the Adivasi Population of the Chota Nagpur area in erthswhile State of Bihar.

The Circuit bench was made Permanent Bench of Patna High Court, by Act no. 57 of 1976, by High Court at Patna (Establishment of Permanent Bench AT Ranchi) Act 1976 with effect from 8th April 1976.

The Jharkhand High Court came into existence after reorganization of state of Bihar in existing state of Bihar and Jharkhand on 15th November 2000.

The Jharkhand High court is apex body of the judiciary in the state. Initially strength of Judges of High court was 7 later it was raised to 12.

The present strength of judges in Jharkhand High Court, is 14 including one Chief Justice. The President of India appointed chief Justice of High court in consultation with chief Justice of the Supreme court of India and Governor of the state. In the appointment of the other Judges the opinion of Chief Justice is also taken. The Chief Justice of Supreme Court also makes recommendation with two senior most Judges of the Supreme court.

Jurisdiction of High Court

Original Jurisdiction In some matters cases can be directly filed in the High Courts, not by the appeal this is called the

original jurisdiction of the High Court. Like Supreme Court, high court has original jurisdiction in matters of enforcement of fundamental

rights. It has original jurisdiction in matters related to admiralty, will, marriage, divorce, company laws

and contempt of court. It also has similar jurisdiction in matters related to election of MPs and MLAs.

Chapter

Trend AnalysisWho was the first Chief Justice of Jharkhand High Court?(a) P.K. Balsubramanyam(b) Nalabhoy Dhinakar(c) S.J. Mukhopadhyay(d) Vinod Kumar GuptaAns (d) Vinod Kumar GuptaJSSC Post Graduate Exam - 19-02-2014


District Profile 5.3 District as an administrative unit originated

during the British era. Even in the ancient and medieval period similar geographical administrative unit existed.

District administration is headed by an officer belonging to the Indian Administrative Service.

In different states this post is known by different names like District Magistrate or Deputy Commissioner.

Jharkhand became the 28th state of India. It was established on 15th November, 2000.

In Jharkhand the designation Deputy Commissioner is used. At present Jharkhand is divided into twenty-four districts.

24 Districts of Jharkhand include Ranchi, Lohardaga, Gumla, Simdega, Palamu, Latehar, Garhwa, West Singhbhum, Seraikela Kharsawan, East Singhbhum, Dumka, Jamtara, Sahebganj, Pakur, Godda, Hazaribagh, Chatra, Koderma, Giridih, Dhanbad, Bokaro, Deoghar, Khunti and Ramgarh.

Chapter

Brief Description of Important Districts

North Chotanagpur Division

Ranchi

Formed 1899

headquarter Ranchi

Area 5097 sq km

Total Population (2011) 29,14,253

Decadal Population Growth Rate

23.9%

Population density 572

Sex ratio 949

Infant sex ratio 938

Literacy rate 76.06%

Subdivision 02 (Ranchi Sadar and Bundu)

Block 18 (Ratu, Kanke, Mandar, Namkum, Bedo, Lapung, Chanho, Ormanjhi, Angarh, Nagdi, Khalari, Rahe, Itki, Silli, Bundu, Tamad, Sonahatu, Budhmu.


Objectives : District Profile

1. Lohardaga district belongs to which of the following divisions?

(a) North Chotanagpur (b) Santhal Pargana (c) South Chotanagpur (d) KolhanAns. (c) South Chotanagpur 2. When was Lohardaga district established? (a) 1983 (b) 1988 (c) 1987 (d) 1991Ans. (a) 1983 3. Hazaribagh district belongs to which of the

following divisions? (a) North Chotanagpur (b) Santhal Pargana (c) South Chotanagpur (d) KolhanAns. (a) North Chotanagpur 4. When was Hazaribagh district established? (a) 1799 (b) 1833 (c) 1922 (d) 2000Ans. (b) 1833 5. Ramgarh district belongs to which of the

following divisions? (a) North Chotanagpur (b) Santhal Pargana (c) South Chotanagpur (d) KolhanAns. (a) North Chotanagpur 6. Chatra district belongs to which of the

following divisions? (a) North Chotanagpur (b) Santhal Pargana (c) South Chotanagpur (d) KolhanAns. (a) North Chotanagpur

7. Koderma district belongs to which of the following divisions?

(a) North Chotanagpur

(b) Santhal Pargana

(c) South Chotanagpur

(d) KolhanAns. (a) North Chotanagpur 8. Giridih district belongs to which of the

following divisions? (a) North Chotanagpur (b) Santhal Pargana


(d) Kolhan

Ans. (a) North Chotanagpur

9. Bokaro district belongs to which of the following divisions?

(a) North Chotanagpur

(b) Santhal Pargana


(d) Kolhan

Ans. (a) North Chotanagpur 10. Dhanbad district belongs to which of the

following divisions? (a) North Chotanagpur (b) Santhal Pargana (c) South Chotanagpur (d) KolhanAns. (a) North Chotanagpur 11. Palamu district belongs to which of the

following divisions? (a) Palamu (b) Santhal Pargana (c) South Chotanagpur (d) Kolhan

49District Profile


Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications

C.N.T. Act and S.P.T. Act 5.4Land Rules : At a Glance

During the British rule, the British made a conspiracy to bring the administrative system under their rule by making different kinds of laws. The main objective of the British government was to increase its revenue. In the same sequence, using the courts started auctioning the land of the local zamindars, jagirdars and raiyats. Zamindars and jagirdars started collecting revenue with strictness to avoid auction. As a result; The situation of the ryots worsened. In this situation, in the absence of any other alternative, the ryots revolted against the British and the landlords.

The Kol rebellion of 1831-32 AD and Birsa Ulagulan of 1895-900 AD are prominent among these revolts. As a result of these rebellions, it was felt by the British that it was not possible to conduct the administration in a peaceful manner without resolving the tribal problems.

In order to solve these problems of tribals (in which land related problems are most important), the government has made several reforms from time to time. In this sequence, in 862, under the leadership of Babu Rakhaldas Haldhar, Bhuihari Survey was started to identify the Bhuhari land and the Majestic land of the local landlords, which lasted till 1869 AD. This was the first commendable and effective step taken by the government to preserve the land of tribes.

Some other important steps taken by the government in this process are as follows:

Chhotanagpur Territory Act - 1869 Chotanagpur Landlord and Tenancy

Procedures Act - 1879

Bengal Tenancy Act - 1897 Commencement of Maujawar Survey in

Chhotanagpur in 1902. Under this, khevats and judges were made.

Formation of the Chhotanagpur Tenancy Act in 1903.

Chhotanagpur Tenancy Act – 1908 Santhal Pargana Tenancy Act - 1949

Chhotanagpur Territory Act - 1869

In Chontanagpur, there are landmines named after Bhuihari. It is held by people who consider themselves descendants of the indigenous people who set up the villages where such land is located.

Some of the landforms in the villages are known as "Bhootkhet", "Dalkitari" and "Pahanai". This land is kept separately for the 'Pahan' or priest, so that he can perform his duties.

Separate land is also kept for the "Mahato" of the village, which is known as 'Mahatoi'.

Some lands are kept separately in the village under the name 'Manjhihas', which are reserved for the use of their respective owners of those villages. Also, there are lands called 'Batkhet', which are fixed for the remuneration of the village working on the manjihs lands.

Under the wording of this Act, the terms 'bhuihari' define the words 'Bhootkhet', 'Dalikatari', 'Pahanai' and 'Mahatoi'.

Functions of a Special Commissioner: It shall be the duty of every appointed Special Commissioner that if a person claims 'Bhuhari'

Chapter

52 C.N.T. Act and S.P.T. Act


or 'Manjhihas' frequencies within the limits of his jurisdiction, the commissioner shall investigate and demarcate his authority. .

Powers of Special Commissioner: The Special Commissioner shall by this Act exercise those powers, which gives the Collector the power to make endowment of royalty.

Subject matter of the record: The Special Commissioner will prepare a register of lands falling under the category of 'Bhuihari' and 'Manjhihas'.

Powers of Special Commissioner: The Special Commissioner shall by this Act exercise those powers, which gives the Collector the power to make endowment of royalty.

Subject matter of the record: The Special Commissioner will prepare a register of lands falling under the category of 'Bhuihari' and 'Manjhihas'.

Power to reclaim those who have been deprived of possession: If it is proved before the specific commissioner that the land of a person holding a "Bhuhari" or "Manjhihas"

practice has been captured. , Then the Special Commissioner shall get the person or his heirs back the land.

Decision by the specific commissioner: The tax assessor will put his views before the specific commissioner and only the specific commissioner will have the right to decide.

Review of decisions: Only the Special Commissioner will have the right to review the decisions.

Power of appeal: An appeal can be made to the Commissioner of the Board against any decision or order passed by the specific Commissioner.

No hearing of Mukhtar and Advocate: 'Mukhtar' or 'Gawal' will not be heard in any case brought before the Specified Commissioner without the consent of the Special Commissioner.

The State Government may make rules: The State Government may make any rules or pass orders as required.

Trend AnalysisUnder Section ................. of the Chhotanagpur Tenancy Act, 1908, there is a restriction on the transfer of Scheduled Tribes/Backward Classes/ Scheduled Castes land?(a) 46 (b) 72(c) 48 (d) 42Ans (b) 46JPSC Sixth Joint Civil Service Prelims Competitive Exam (2nd Paper) - 18-12-2016

Trend AnalysisIn which year did the British Government introduce the Chhotanagpur Tenancy Act?(a) 1910 (b) 1897(c) 1903 (d) 1908Ans (b) 1908JPSC Product Inspector / Assistant Competition (Prelims) Exam - 18-10-2015

Arohi Publications

53C.N.T. Act and S.P.T. Act


Chhotanagpur Tenancy Act – 1908

Chapter I PreliminarySection and Key

provisions

Important Points:

1. Title and Expansion

1. The Act is abbreviated as' Chhotanagpur Tenancy Act, 1908.2. It will spread in North Chhotanagpur and South Chotanagpur divisions.

3 . Definitions

Agricultural year - The year which is prevalent for agricultural work in a local area.Mortgage payment - Transfer of the interest of a tenant from his tenancy to the mortgagee for the payment of the money lent in the form of mortgage, on the condition that the interest thereon shall be deemed to be deprived of the benefits arising from the tenancy during the tenure of the mortgage.Jot - Plots held by the Raiyat.Korkar - A barren or wooded land that has been prepared by any farmer other than the landlord.Landowner - A person who has given his land to a tenant.Tenant - A person who holds land under any other person and is liable to pay his rent.Lagaan - The money or thing given to its landlord in exchange for the use or occupancy of land held by the ryot.Crop standing under movable property also comes.Mundari Khuntkidari-tenancy - Mundari Khuntkidari interestLand tenure - The interest of the landholder. Under this, the Mundari Khuntkidari tenancy is not covered.Permanent land holding - Dynastic land holding.Resettlement Landing - A landholding that returns to the landlord if the family does not have a male heir.Village head - The head of a village or village group. Whether it is known as Manki, Pradhan, Manjhi or any other name.Permanent Settlement - Permanent settlement made in 1793 AD in relation to Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.

Chapter II Classes of TenantsSection and Key

provisions

Importnat Points

4 Classes of TenantsUnder the tenant, the landholders, the ryots, the dar raiyats and the Mundari Khuntkattidars have been included.

Arohi Publications



224 Appeal to the Judicial Commissioner or High Court.A second appeal can be made against any decree passed by the Judicial Commissioner or an order passed on appeal under Section 215 on the ground that the decision (decision) is contrary to any law.

225 Hearing of appeals by Judicial Commissioner in lieu of Deputy Commissioner. Where some of the appeals have been placed before the Deputy Commissioner and some of the appeals before the Judicial Commissioner, the Judicial Commissioner may transfer the appeals pending in the Deputy Commissioner's Court to his Court, on the application of any of the parties.

229 Application of Rule 22 of Order 41 of the First Schedule to the Code of Civil Procedure.The provisions of Rule 22 of Order 41 of the First Schedule to the Code of Civil Procedure, 908, shall apply in all appeals to the decisions of the Deputy Commissioner or the Revenue Officer under this Act, as applicable.

Chapter XVI-A Summary Procedure for the Recovery of Rents under the Bihar and Orissa Public Demands Recovery Act, 1914

Section and Key

provisions

Importnat Points

229A Recovery of arrears of rent under certain conditions in certain circumstances.A landlord other than the Government may apply for the implementation of the procedure prescribed by the Bihar and Orissa Public Demand Recovery Act, 1914 for recovery of arrears of rent and the State Government may approve or reject any such application.

Chapter XVII LimitationSection and Key

provisions

Importnat Points

230 Application of the Indian Limitation Act, 1908.The provisions of the Indian Limitation Act, 1908, so far as they are inconsistent with this Act, shall apply to all promises, appeals and applications under this Act.

231 General law of limitationAll suits or applications instituted under this Act, for which no time limit of limitation is provided in the Act, shall be filed and filed within one year from the date the suit accrues.

232 Limitation of promises and applications for grant of leases etc.A suit or application for grant of lease etc. will be filed and filed at any time.

233 Limitation of promises for eviction.Occupants or non-occupants on any basis shall be instituted for the eviction of the ryot within two years from the date of suit, misuse or breach.

Arohi Publications



Important Facts: C.N.T. Act and S.P.T. Act

• In which year was the Mundari Khuntkattidari system recognized? 1903 AD• In which year was the Bihar Land Reform Act implemented? 1950 A.D.• In which year land was allocated to the raiyats and zamindars by conducting

a scientific survey?1902 AD

• During the British rule, who was given the right to appoint landlords in Jharkhand and remove them from the post?

District Collector

• By which act the authority to hear the disputes related to rent was given to civil courts in place of district collector?

By Chota Nagpur Tenure Act, 1869

• When was the Chhotanagpur Landlord and Tenancy Procedures Act implemented?

In 1879 AD

• Which land survey was done two years before the Chhotanagpur Tenancy Act?

Cadastral Survey

• Under which section of Santhal Pargana Tenancy Act, 1949, provision has been made for the settlement of a waste land?

Article 27

• Under which section of Santhal Pargana Tenancy Act, 1949, the ryoti land can be exchanged?

Article 20

• The Santhal Pargana Tenancy Act 1979 does not apply in which district? Ranchi• When was the Panchayat (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 passed? 1996• When was the PESA law implemented? 24 December, 1966• Objective of the PESA law? Strong Gram Sabha

Objectives : C.N.T. Act and S.P.T. Act

1. When was the "Chhotanagpur Tiny Act" enacted?

(a) 1969 (b) 1869 (c) 1769 (d) 1889Ans. (b) 1869 2. In 1862, under whose leadership the

Bhuhari Survey was started to identify Bhuhari land and Majius land?

(a) Babu Rakhaldas Haldhar (b) Jaipal Singh (c) Birsa Munda (d) Devdhan Das Singh

Ans. (a) Babu Rakhaldas Haldhar 3. When was the Santhal Pargana Tenancy Act

passed? (a) 1869 (b) 1897 (c) 1908 (d) 1949Ans. (d) 1949 4. In which year Malgujari system was first

introduced in Jharkhand? (a) 1765 (b) 1770 (c) 1775 (d) 1780Ans. (a) 1765


Disaster Management 5.5The state of Jharkhand is vulnerable to multi hazards & Disasters, primarily agricultural drought,

mining hazard, lightning and flood. The growth registered in the population cities has given birth to the “Slums” and unplanned cities prone to urban risks.

Almost all the 24 districts are affected by different kind of Disaster. There is great need to strengthen the capacity of State, District, Block and newly formed Panchayat level of departments, institutions and functionaries to respond to the Disaster at their own level in participation of community. Jharkhand is vulnerable to following kind of Hazards:

Drought • Mining Accidents

Chemical and Industrial Hazards • Lightning

Bird Flu • Flood, Earthquake

Fire / Forest Fire • Elephant Attacks

Climate Change, Biodiversity loss • Naxalism/Landmine Blasts etc.

S.No. Name of Hazards No. of Districts affected

Name of the District

1. Drought All the 24 Districts (2010)

2. Flood 01 Sahebganj3. Flash Flood 03 Jamshedpur, Saraikela, Ranchi4. Forest Fire 09 Garhwa, Palamau, Latehar, Chatra, Hazaribagh,

East and West Singhbhum, Simdega, Gumla5. Lightening 09 Palamau, Chatra, Latehar, Koderma, Ranchi,

Giridih, Hazaribagh, Lohardaga, Dumka6. Mining Hazards 09 Latehar, Ramgarh, Dhanbad, Lohardaga,

Giridih, East and West Singhbhum, Koderma7.

-

-

Earthquake Hazard- Zone - IV (High Damage Risk)

02 Districts an Godda and Sahebganj - Partially

Zone-III (Moderate Damage Risk)

15 Districts Godda, Sahibganj, Garhwa, Palamau, Chatra, Hazaribagh, Koderma, Giridih, Bokaro, Dhanbad, Deoghar, Dumka, Godda, Pakur, Jamtara

Zone-II (Less Damage Risk)

7 Districts Lohardaga, Ranchi, Ramgarh, Khunti, Gumla, East and West Singhbhum

Chapter

115Disaster Management


Review, modification and adoption of appropriate laws, rules, codes and other measures to increase disaster management at all levels.

Incorporating disaster management aspects in normal developmental activities. Financial Matters. Building of Inventories. Initiating Community Awareness Programme. Training of department officials from the State. Headquarters and districts, members from the

community and other stakeholders through a participatory approach. Generating awareness through media and other IEC strategies and workshops for students,

teachers and other stakeholders. Documentation.

Preventive Actions Taken by the Government Early season drought monitoring system is followed in the state with the support of National

Agricultural Drought Monitoring System (NADMS), Hyderabad as per the advisory of Jharkhand Space Application Centre.

Preparation of South West Monsoon response plan with the entire flood affected districts, line department and Inter-state agencies.

Documentation of “Dos and Don’ts” for all the major disasters of the state via print and electronic media.

Early warning dissemination with the support of IMD, Jharkhand.

Close coordination and monitoring with Central Water Commission and Water Resources department of neighboring states like U.P., M.P., Odisha and West Bengal.

Awareness campaign about the weather, pattern of crops, lightning etc.

Long Term Measures Taken/Proposed Preparation of State Disaster Management Plan for all the hazards risks and vulnerability is under

process. Preparation of District level Disaster Management Plan is underway . Preparation of Departmental

Disaster Management Plan for all line departments Conducting joint mock drills with NDRF and State Fire Services.

Development of training manuals for state specific needs and its dissemination through various training programs with multiple stakeholders.

Mass awareness program through print and electronic media on community based preparedness on the state specific disasters.

Trend AnalysisJharkhand State Disaster Management Authority (JSDMA) has been formed in the year:

(a) 2009 (b) 2011

(c) 2008 (d) 2010

Ans (b) 2010JPSC Prelims Paper-II Exam - 18-12-2016


Sports 5.6Since British India, this geographical area now Jharkhand has been a healthy soil bastion for

sporting activities, it has produced a stream of sports persons who have dazzled world wide by their exemplary feats on and off the ground.

Right from legendry Jharkhand hockey stick magician Jaipal Singh Munda, Captain of gold winning Indian Hockey Team, Amsterdam (Holland).Olympic in 1928. The state has been emerging as a shining star time and again on the sporting highway and various miles stones were and are being created by this fraternity.

The sports of Jharkhand comprises of Cricket, Football, Hockey, Archery, Basketball, Volleyball, Badminton and almost all other sports.

Sports person of JhakrhandS.No. Sport Sportsperson1. Cricket Mahendra Singh Dhoni, Saurabh Tiwary, Shahbaz Nadeem, Varun Aaron,

Virat Singh, Anand Singh, Ishan Kishan, Anukul Roy, Monu Kumar2. Archery Pumima Mahto, Deepika Kumari, Madhumita Kumari, Atanu Das, Ankita

Bhakat, Pawan Khalkho, Jayant Talukdar, Sima Verma, Rimil Biruli, Laxmi Rani Manjhi, Jai Laxmi Laguri, Namita Kumari, Jhanu Hansda, Manjudha Soy, Bhagyabati Chanu, Bombayla Devi

3. Athletics Prianka Karketa, Budua urav, Gurmit Singh, Harishankar Ray, Amarjit, Jhuma Khatoon, Sonia, V.J. Sonia, Preeti Rao, Sofia Kerkatta, Wasim Akram, Ritesh Anandh, Mohd. Fazal Ansari, Anu Josh, Deepmala Devi, Taspi Nandi, Kashinath Aswale

4. Lawn Bowl Rajeev Kumar Sahu , Sunil Bahadur, Abu Talib, Krishna Khalkho, Chandan Kumar, Lovely Choubey, Farzana Khan, Arzoo Rani, Kavita Kumari, Mahip Tirkey, Prince Kumar Mahto, Krishna Khalkho, Rupa Rani Tirkey, Payal Preeti, Dinesh Kumar, Mradul, Manisha Kumari SrivastaVa, Alok Lakra, Sunita Kumari, Sarita Tirkey, Anuj Mundu, Bindu Kumari, Abhishek Lakra

5. Boxing Mishal Lakra, Amit Karki, Praveen Kumar, Manoj Kumar, Sushma Yadav, Mandakini Chanu, Aruna Mishra, Nitu Chaim!, Taruna Mishra, Laxmi Pariya, Swapna Priya

6. Hockey Jaipal Singh Munda, Sylvanus Dung, Manohar Topapno, Malaki Lugun, Fathima Ekka, Marita Tikey, Anila Baig, Vimal Lakra, Priti Sunil Kindo, Asrita lakra, Sumrai Tete, Anshuta Lakra, Anima Soreng, Masira Surin, Tarini Kumari, Michael Kindo, Anima Minz, Amar Mani Kullu, Kanti Baa, Vinita Singh, Nikki Pradhan

Chapter

131Sports


Special Camp: 50% of total strength of sanction NSS volunteers are selected for special camp and Rs. 300 is spent on each volume.

Pykka (Panchayat Yuva Khel Kud Abhiyan) PYKKA is being proposed to promote young sports persons in rural areas of the State. This scheme will be planned to conduct the sports in Rural areas, where the department promotes

various sports activities. Panchayat Yuva Kida Aur Khel Abhiyan (PYKKA) will be conducted in blocks and district level.

Under the scheme, financial assistance shall be given to a village Block Panchayat for the following Purpose:

One-time capital grant- for development of sports infrastructure. Financial pattern will be contributed on 75:25 basis between the Central govt. and the State Govt.

Annual acquisition grant - for a period of five years for acquisition of sport equipment, accessories, support fixtures, consumables and repair and maintenance.

Annual operational grant - for a period of five years to meet operational expenses of non competition activities, including honorarium to Kridashree,

Annual competition grant - for organising tournaments at the block level and the district level. Prize money - to village panchayats securing first three positions at the annual block level

tournament and to block Panchayats securing first three positions in the annual district level tournament.

Gram Club Yojana (Village Lotus Club Scheme) The Jharkhand government has taken the initiative to change the picture of the village by forming

a village lotus club. In which people from 18 years to 40 years. This club to be built at village level will have 11 members. There will be a chairman, a secretary, a

vice-chairman and other members. Panchayat level lotus club together will constitute block level, block level club together, district

level lotus club will be formed and district level clubs will function under the control of state level sports authority.

This better effort of the government will definitely change the picture of village development. Development will be prepared from village to state level through Kama! Club. The club will conduct

cultural, economic, social and sports activities of the village. One lakh rupees will be given to each village club for designing the development works.

An amount of two lakh will be provided to the panchayat level and five lakh to the block level. Participation of rural youth will be in building a cleaner and better democracy. Talents from village

level to district level will get an opportunity to move forward. Positive thinking will also be spread among the youth through this platform. The government's effort is greatly appreciated.

Sports Welfare Fund / Stipend / Honour Under this scheme fund is being provided for those injured players or athletes, who are receiving

training in residential Day Boarding Sports centers.

135Sports



138

Important Personalities of Jharkhand

5.7Siddhu-Kanhu

Kanhu Santhal movement was led by Siddhu & Kanhu in 1855–56. Siddhu who born on 1815 and Kanhu in 1820 in the same family. They started the Santhal Movement that was against land owner,

money-lenders and the British Government. Later, their two brothers Chand and Bhairav also joined the Santhal

movement. They gave the slogan 'Do or Die'. Siddhu & Kanhu were hanged by the Britishers in 1855.

Bhagirath Manjhi Khairwar Movement led by Bhagirath Manjhi He was a social activist and helped in spreading education. He asked people to believe in one God. Khairwar movement was started by Bhagirath Manjhi in 1979. Bhagirath Manjhi declared himself

king, where he said people to stop giving any land tax to the landlord. As a result, he was arrested. Manjhi was released in 1877 and died in 1879 AD.

Birsa Munda Birsa was born on 15th November 1874 at Ulihatoo village. Birsa Munda is one of the most famous personality among Jharkhand revolution His father's name was Sugna Munda while his mother's name was Karmi. Birsa asked his people to believe in one God and founded a new sect known as

'Birsait Sect'. People revered him as 'Bhagwan Birsa.' He also got associated with the ongoing land revolution at Chaibasa and other

revolts in the forests of Chakradharpur. He fought extensively for the natural rights of the tribals over the land and forest. Birsa Munda also led a decisive rebellion against the indigenous peoples by landlords and Sahukars. In 1895, Bisa Munda declared himself the messenger of Singbonga. The Dombari mountain was a major focal point of the Birsa movement. Birsa Munda led the Ulugulan uprising of 1895-900 AD From 1895 to 1900, he remained associated with the ongoing revolution and revolts of the British

Government. He was imprisioned in Hazaribagh Jail for 2 years in 1896-97. He was died on 9th June, 1900 in Ranchi Jail.

Chapter

140 Important Personalities of Jharkhand


He was the first revolutionary leader of Chhotanagpur for which the Britishers declared a cash prize of 1000 Rs.

Bhudhu Bhagat was died on 14 Feburary 1932 while fighting with the British forces.

Raghubar Das Raghubar Das was born on 10 August 1975 in Nemara in Ramgarh. He is son of Roopi and Shibu Soren, former Chief Minister of Jharkhand. He was sworn in as the 7th Chief Minister of Jharkhand State on 29th

December, 2019. He is an Indian politician and belongs to Jharkhand Mukti Morcha.

Raghubar Das

Raghubar Das was born on 3rd May, 1955 in Jamshedpur. Raghubar Das is the first non-trible Chief Minister of Jharkhand. He was sworn in as the 6th Chief Minister of Jharkhand State on 28th

December, 2014. He is an Indian politician and belongs to Bhartiya Janata party.

A former employer of Tata Steel, he served as the member of Legislative Assembly for 5 times.

In 1975, He participated with Jay Prakash Narayanin Sampuran Kranti Revolution.

Babu Ram Narain Singh

A political activist, Ram Narain supported Gandhiji in uniting people to take part in the Non-Cooperation movement and the Quit India movement.

After Independence, he was elected as the member of Parliament from Chatra constituency. 'Swaraj Lut hoya was written by Babu Ram Narain Singh.

Binod Bihari Mahato

A political activist, Binod Bihari Mahato is a prominent member associated with the movement that demanded a separate state of Jharkhand.

In 1969, he founded 'Siwaji Samaj' with the aim to end all the malpractices going on in the Kurmi Samaj.

In 1973, he alongwith other members founded the 'Jharkhand Mukit Morcha'. People called him 'babu' as a sign of respect for all the developmental activites undertaken by him.

Shibu Soren

Shibu Soren is considered a prominent leader in the development of Jharkhand. He alongwith other members constitiuted the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha in 1973.

153Awards and Honours


Literary Honors Rabilal Tudu was given Sahitya Academy

Award in 2015 for Parsi Khatir (Play). Suchitra Hansda was given Sahitya Academy

Yuva Award in 2015 for Bera Ahila (Poetry). Srikante Soren was given Bal Sahitya Puraskar

Award in 2015 for Haryar Mayam (Poetry). Mangal Majhi Murmu was given Akademi

Translation Award in 2013 for his book Malan Anal and Original title is Bhagya Chakra Bengali – Haradhan Adhikari

University of the Year for excellence is value based education is awarded to ICFAI university on 15th March, 2015.

CSIR Young Scientist Awards, 2015 was awarded to DR. Ekhlaque Ahmed for outstanding work in biotechnology in plant breeding carried under Birsa Agricultural University , Ranchi.

Jharkhand Sewa Ratna Award This is the highest civilian award of the state.

This award is presented to the people who have done distinguished work in various fields. The award consists of a Golden plaque

and a citation. List of awardees of the year 2015 are as follows:-

Dr Lakshmi Prasad Gupta – Medicine Dr Nandna Roy – Astrology Virendra Narayan Tiwari – Cultural Services Nisha Chaudhary – Education Natan Rajak Manishankar Prasad Gopiyayram Mahato

Trend AnalysisWhich one of the following Environmentalist of the Jharkhand has been honoured with the Padma Shri Award of the year 2016? Which one of the following Environmentalist of the Jharkhand has been honoured with the Padma Shri Award of the year 2016?

(a) Shivlal Sagar

(b) Dr. Surendra Prasad

(c) Simon Oraon

(d) Ashok Bhagat

Ans (c) Simon OraonJPSC Prelims paper-II - 18-12-2016


Education has continued to evolve diversity and extend its reach and coverage since the dawn of human history. Every country develops its system of education to express and promote its unique socio- cultural identity and also to meet the challenges of the times.

Jharkhand Education is centered around the examinations conducted under the state Boards Universities and colleges. Jharkhand Intermediate Exams Board, the Jharkhand secondary Examination Board, the Universities and colleges comprise the education in Jharkhand.

Literacy rate in Jharkhand has seen upward trend and is 66.41 percent as per 2011 population census. Male literacy stands at 76.84 percent while female literacy is at 52.04 percent. District with highest literacy rate is Ranchi (76- 06%) followed by Purbi Singhbhum (75.49%). District having the highest male literacy rate is Dhanbad (83.81%) followed by Ranchi (84- 26%). District having the highest female literacy rate is Ranchi (67.44%) followed by Purbi Singbhum. District having the lowest literacy rate is Pakur (48.82%).

Education 6.1C

hapter

Districts: Lowest Literacy RateS.No. Districts Literacy (%)1. Pakur 48.822. Sahebganj 52.043. Godda 56.404. West Singhbhum 58.635. Latehar 59.51

Districts: Highest Literacy RateS.No. Districts Literacy (%)1. Ranchi 76.602. East Singhbhum 75.493. Dhanbad 74.514. Ramgarh 73.175. Bokaro 72.01

GrossEnrolmentRatio(GER)andNETEnrolmentRatio(NER) Gross and Net enrolment ratios are used to show the general level of participation in a given level

of education. A 100 per cent NER at any educational level shows a universal participation of the respective corresponding population qualified as per the age requirements of that educational level.

GER is sometimes greater than 100 per cent as it also covers, in addition, to proper aged, over aged, under aged and repeaters in the corresponding enroled population at the different educational levels.

Jharkhand has achieved a GER of more than 100 per cent at the primary, upper primary and elementary levels which is quite appreciable.

At the primary level the NER is 92 per cent which is healthy but given the millennium-development-goals of 100 per cent NER.

The NER at the secondary and the higher secondary level is less than 50 per cent and hence demands more efforts.

10 Education


At present all the primary and upper primary Government, Government- aided local body schools, national child labour projects schools Centers under education Guarantee scheme (EGS) / Alternative and Innovative education (AIE), Madrasas and Maqtabs supported under SSA are covered under Mid- day meal scheme.

The scheme was extended during 2008-09 to cover children upper primary classes and the name of the scheme was changed as ‘National programme of Mid- day meal in school.

The mid day meal scheme have covered 10:68 core elementary class children is 12:12 lakh schools in the country.

In Jharkhand Bal-Sansad (child cabinet) is actively involved in the orderly distribution of mid-day meal.

RighttoEducationAct

The Right to education (RTE) act came into force in 2010 in whole of India except Jammu and Kashmir. It was made even Fundamental Right by amendment in the constitution and enacting new Article 21A in the constitution. The Right to free and compulsory education Act (RTE Act) is child centric and rights – based approach which states, that the children in the age- group of 6-14 years have right to free and compulsory education till the elementary level. It also implies right to admission, attendance and completion of elementary education. No child can be denied admission to schools and there is a policy of no detention/ expulsion till elementary education is completed. Besides this, RTE has given clear guidelines regarding what facilities and infrastructure a school should have. It has also provided norms for schools access at the elementary level and has specified teacher adequacy norms.

The Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan It is a centrally Sponsored scheme with a funding of 75:25 between center and states (90:10 for

special category and North eastern states was launched in 2009-10). It was formulated on the success of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) and it includes multilateral

organizations, Ngo, and Institutions. ThemajorobjectivesoftheRMSAareto:

(i) Raise the maximum level of education to class X and universalize access to secondary education.

(ii) To ensure good- quality secondary education with focus on Science Mathematics and English.

(iii) To reduce the gender, social and regional gapes in enrolments dropouts and improving retention. The scheme envisages inter alia, to enhance the enrollment at secondary stage by providing

secondary school with a reasonable distance of habitation. To achieve a gross enrolment Ratio (GER), of 100% by 2017 and to enhance and universalize

retention by 2020. With a view to ensure efficient utilization of funds and greater coordination, other centrally

sponsored schemes of secondary education, i.e. ICT school, Inclusive education for disabled at secondary stage (IEDSS) vocational education (VE) and girls hostel (GH) have been subsumed under the RMSA scheme.

Trend AnalysisAmong the following schools, the Jharkhand government has planned to gift tablets to all the students ofclass 9-12 in schools?(a) CBSC & ICSE School(b) Savitri Phule Balika Vidyalay(c) Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalay(d) Kendriya Kanya VidyalayAns (c) Kasturba Gandhi Balika VidyalayJSSC Reserve Competitive Exam -2016


The fifth schedule covers Tribal areas in states of India namely Andhra Pradesh, Jharkhand, Gujrat, Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odhisa and Rajasthan.

The fifth schedule under Article 244(2) of the constitution defines “ schedule Areas” as such areas as the president may by order declare to the schedule Area after constitution with the Governor of the state.

List of Schedule Area in JharkhandS. No District Blocks under scheduled Area

1. Ranchi Burmu, Mandar, Chanho, Bero, Lapung, Ratu,Silli, Namkum, kanke, Angara, Sonahatu, Tamar, Bundu, Arki, Khunti, Murhu, Karra, Topra, Ormanjhi, Rania.

2. Lohardaga- Kisko, kuru, Lohardaga, Senha, Bhandra.3. Gumila Biahnpur, Ghaghra, Chainpur, Dumri, Raidih, Gumla, Sisai, Bharno,

Kamdera, basia, Palkot.4. Simdega kolebira, Bano, Jaldega, Thathaitangar, Kurdega, Simdega, Bolwa.5. Latehar Barwadih, Balumath, Chandwa, Latehar, Garu, Mahutanr, Manika.6. Garhwa Bandaria7. West Singhbhum Bandgaon, Chakradharpur, Sonua, Goelkera, Manoharpur, Noamundi,

Jagannathpur, Manjgaon, Manjhari, Tantnagar, Jhainkpani, Khuntipani, Chai basa, Kumardungi.

8. Saraikela Govindpur (Raj Nagar), Adityapur (Gomharia), Saraikela, Kharsawan, Kuchai, Chandil, Kharsawan, Singbhum Ichagarh, Namdih.

9. East Singhbhum Golmuri Jugsalai, Patamada, Potka, Dumaria, Musabani,Ghatshila, Dhalbhumgarh, chakulia, Baharagora.

10. Dumka Saraiyahat, Jarmundi, Jama Ramgarh, Gooikander, Dumka, Kathi Kund, Shikaripara, Rameshwar, Masalia.

11. Sahibgani Borio, Talkharia, Rajmahal, Sahibganj, Barharwa, Patna, Barhet.12. Pakur Littpara, Amrapara, Hiranpur, Pakur, Pakuria, Maheshpur.13. Godda Sunderpahari, Boarijor, blocks.14. Jamtara Kundehi,Nala, Jamtara, Naraynpur.15. Palamu Rabda and Bakoriya Panchayat at Satbarwa Block.

Tribes And Their Culture 6.2C

hapter


Geography and Structure of Jharkhand Energy department in Jharkhand has least role to get surplus power because energy consumption

in Jharkhand is always high and energy is essential for economic as well as overall development of the state. Availability of continuous power is most essential thing for greater developmental ratio of industrial production in Jharkhand.

Jharkhand is of the richest states in terms of mineral resources and has substantial potential to become the power hub for the country.

Despite being endowed with rich mineral resources and potential to become a hub for power generation of India Jharkhand is amongst the one having high poverty level and lowest levels of rural electrification.

A majority nearly 40% of rural households (HHS)are yet to be connected to electricity and nearly 88% of total electrified rural HHS are supplied power for up to 20 hours only.

One of the distribution features of power sector in Jharkhand is that it is being served by multiple distribution licences viz. IBNL, DRC, Tata steel, JUSCO and SAIL Bokaro.

Two licences viz, DVC and JUSCO have overlapping geographical boundries with the state distribution utility JBVNL.

Jharkhand has a pastly 1500 mw installed capacity means a mirage 20 watts per capita against average 100 watts per capita.

Undertakings of the department of energy in jharkhand:-1. Jharkhand Vitran Nigam limited (Ranchi)2. Jharkhand Bijali Vitran Nigam Limited (Ranchi)3. Jharkhand Urja Utpadan Nigam Limited (Ranchi)4. Jharkhand urja sancharan nigam limited (ranchi) 5. Jharkhand Renewable Energy Development Agency (Ranchi)6. Tenughat Vidyut Nigam Limited (Ranchi)

Total load of power in Jharkhand is 3290 mw Out of the total load level, about 1810 MW is served by Jharkhand Bijali Vitran Nigam Limited. 1485 mw is served by all other. It is pertinent to mention that except JBVNL, Jharkhand At A Glance other utilities operating in the

state have already achieved 100% electrifications and nearly 24 × 7 power availability with their respective areas of operation.

In terms of electrification, the state faces a challenge to electrify nearly 28.18 lac (–56%) rural HHS and 1.8 lac (–10.4%) urban HHS. JBVNL is faced with significant demand-supply mismatch with peak deficit of –14.6% (310 MW) and energy deficit of about 6.0% as FY 15

Energy 6.3C

hapter


The Progress of a state is to great extent measured by its industrial development.

With make in India progressing at fast pace, Jharkhand has also followed its footsteps and launched make in Jharkhand, Which can also boost the Industrial sector of the state.

Jharkhand is becoming the vanguard of Industrialization among the India states. Jharkhand is presently producing about 20-25 percent of the total steel being produced in the

country. With the proposed expansion of a number of integrated steel plants, Jharkhand will be producing

over 25 MT of steel and thus will become the potential steel- hub of India. The share of manufacturing in the total output of the industrial sector is the highest, as it occupies

41% share, followed by mining and quarrying activities that occupy 35% of the value of the total output of the industrial sector construction occupies 21% and electricity gas and water supply occupy 3% in the total output.

Jharkhand is the largest producer of tassar silk. The state accounts for seven percent share in India’s silk production and 66% share in tussar silk production. Jharkhand produces 1,200 MT of tassar Silk in India, the state accounts for about 62% of total tussar silk production in the country

Construction of Silk Park at Irwa has been started. Jharkhand is the first state to establish “Jharkhand corporate social Responsibility council”. This

council is headed by the chief Minister. The state highway of Hazaribagh to Bijupara Road is funded by NTPC with Rs. 441 cr. And CCL

Jharkhand At A Glance is developing the Hot war Mega sports complex as a sports university. Investment opportunities in Jharkhand

No. of projects – 8 Opportunity – 9.6 billion dollar Private projects – 5 Government projects – 103 Steel projects – 5.5 billion dollar

Jharkhand Industrial Infrastructure Development Corporation

The Chief Minister approved additional manpower for JIIDCO. JIIDCO shall provide secretarial support to single window clearance system and also provide housekeeping support to DICs. The process has been initiated to form a Joint Venture Company between GAIL Gas Ltd and JIIDCO for the development of the city gas distribution at Ranchi and Jamshedpur.

The Government of India has sanctioned an Electronic Manufacturing cluster at Aditaypur. Department of Industries has submitted a proposal to Govt. of India for establishing a Plastic park

at Devipur, Deoghar. Barhi, in the Hazaribagh district has been identified approved by the Honorable chief minister as

the nodal point for IMC under Amritsar-KolKata industrial corridor.

Industries of Jharkhand 6.4

Chapter

50 Tribes And Their Culture


Business Eco-System The government of Jharkhand has accorded the highest priority for improving the business eco-

system in the state. With the view to steer rapid economic reforms and promote investment in the state, it is imperative

to create an environment which is congenial for the development of entrepreneurship. The various components of improving the Business Eco-System are:

1. Jharkhand Investment Promotion Board 2. Single Window Clearence Mechanism 3. Single Window Portal 4. Single Window Cell 5. Ease of Doing Business 6. Jharkhand Investment Centre

Jharkhand Skill Development Mission Society (JSDMS)

The Jharkhand Skill Development Mission Society (JSDMS) was registered on 1st October, 2013 under the Societies Registration Act, 1860 to focus on skill development in the sectors such as agriculture, apparel, made ups and home furnishing, handicrafts, textile and handloom among others.

Creating Opportunities Changing Lives-JHARCRAFT

Jharkhand Silk Textile and handicraft Development Corporation Ltd. (JHARCRAFT) is a government of Jharkhand undertaking under the Industry Department and is registered under section 26 under the Companies Act 1956. It was incorporated on the 23rd of August 2006. It was established to develop and support sericulture farmers, weavers and artisans living in the remote areas of Jharkhand. The organization is entrusted with the role of implementation of the government funded schemes to promote tasar silk, handloom and handicraft of the state. The infects of Jharkhand were showcased in Germany and Japan and were visited by the Prime Minister of India and the Chancellery of Germany in Hannover, Germany, which gave JHARCRAFT a global presence. It was also adjudged as the best government undertaking to have had a social impact by the Times Group last year. As JHARCRAFT is engaged in imparting training to the craft workers, which will support in the production and marketing of their products, the government of Jharkhand has classified one of the objectives to set up the Institute of Fashion Technology, NID Design centre in association with JHARCRAFT. The works carried out by JHARCRAFT are as follows:

Implementation of various schemes of handloom, sericulture handicraft. Implementation of the Mega Handloom cluster, Godda sponsored by the goverment of India and

other centrally sponsored schemes Implementation of computer aided design in 5 centres with the help of C-DAC and other state plan

and training programmes. Running of 17 marketing outlets in various cities to provide marketing support to the persons

engaged in the production of handloom, sericulture and handicraft goods.

Trend AnalysisWhich of the following districts of Jharkhand is one of the main sources of asbestos in the world?(a) Dhanbad(b) Bokaro(c) Garhwa(d) HazaribaghAns (d) HazaribaghJSSC Combined Graduate Level Competitive (Pre.) Examination- 21-06-2016

52 Tribes And Their Culture


Limestone come from Palamu district (Jharkhand) Hydroelectricity from Damodar Valley Corporation The biggest blast furnance of Asia is installed here. Rods, graders. Slabs, angles, Pipes and fish plates are manufactured here.


Minerals of Jharkhand 6.5 Jharkhand has large deposits of minerals

Approx 40 percent of the total minerals of the country are available in the state.

The state in the dominant producer of coking coal, uranium and Pyriles.

It ranks first in the production of coal, mica, kyonites and copper in India.

The Dharwarian sedimentation enabled the state to have good reserve of superior

Quality Iron ore in South-eastern portions of the state.

Damodar valley is characterised by Gondwana deposits. so that thick coal seams of bituminous and other types of coal found here.

The formations of vindhan deposits in the north-western and south-eastern margins (Jharkhand) Limeston.

Chapter

Lava cappings during creataceous period enriched this region with laterites containing bauxite.

The Raj mahal hills, lying in the noth-eastern

extremity of the Chhotanagpur plateau consists of Jurassic Volcanic Lava flows.

Jharkhand is the sole producer of cooking coal and uranium.

77Minerals of Jharkhand


It is also found in Hazaribagh Rajmahal highland, purbi Singhbhum, etc

China Clay It is white powdery clay derived from the

decomposition of feldspar in pegmatite, granite, schists, gneisses, etc.

It occurs in almost area of the state especially in Ranchi, Dhanbad, Singhbhum, Hazaribagh and santhal pargana.

It is used for bleaching material and textile industry, paper industry, insulator etc.

Graphite This mineral is also known as plumbago or

Bleach Lead. It is found in north koel Basin especially

in the surrounding areas of Daltonganj having pegmatite veins of Daltonganj having pegmatite veins.

Small amount is also available in Ranchi district.

The deposits of palamu are mined mainly by state Mineral Development corporation and other private parties.

Trend AnalysisWhich of the following districts of Jharkhand has the highest graphite reserve?(a) Gumla(b) Singhbhum(c) Palamu(d) DhanbadAns (c) PalamuJSSC Kakshpal (Mains) Exam - 10-07-2016

Coal Jharkhand is the largest coal producing

state in the country followed by odisha, chhattisgarh, west Bengal

Actually,38% of the total reserves (coal) of India are found in this state.

According to the Geological survey of India, the State has 3 to 6 coal seam having the thickness ranging from 83 meters to 25 meters which provides convenient mining of coal.

Coal of this region are bituminous and subbituminous type of Gondwana period which are individual use.

Coal mines of the Damodar Basin lies in north- South direction.

Coal mines of this State is divided into five major regions:

1. Damoar Valley coal region:-Jharia, Chandrapura,Bokaro, Ramgarh, south karanpura, North karampura, etc.

2. Hazaribagh and Giridih coal region:- It khori, chop, giridih, etc.

3. Ajay Bagim coal region:- Jayanti, Sahjori, Kundil Karaia, etc.

4. Rajmahal Hilly coal Region:-Brahamani, pachwara, chaparbita, Jilbari, Hara, etc.

5. North Koel valley coal Region: Daltonganj, Hutar and Auranga.

Jharia Coal Region This is the most important coal field of the

state. Jharia coal region lies in the district of

Dhanbad and Bokaro. This region has three main mining plans at

Munidih, putaki and Balihari.

Bokaro Coal Region This coal region is only 5 kms west of Jharia

coal Ltd. Bokaro river flow through this region and

divides the coal field into Eastern and western coal field.

The steel plant of Rourkela depends for metallurgical coal of this region.

Karanpura Coal Region This coal region is also bifurcated into

Northern and southern coal fields .


Transportation

Smooth movement of public goods and hassle free public transport system forms the backbone of a modern and better administered state.

A modern transportation system works as a catalyst for growth oriented public economy and utility services. The Transport Department of Jharkhand is striving to promote road infrastructure support for transportation of goods and passenger, to promote public transport and advanced quality of

8.6C

hapter


Planning and Schemes 8.7In a state where 75.95% of the total population lives in rural areas (Census 2011), the government is committed to address the issues and problems particularly distinctive to the rural areas of the state for achieving holistic and inclusive development. For this purpose, both, the central and the state governments are striving hard to device innovative policies and programs that could create opportunities for the rural people to make their life better.

With a vision to make rural resources the engine of growth for the state of Jharkhand and country as a whole, the government initiatives in last fiscal year targeted specific issues pertaining to improvement in rural livelihood opportunities, creation of productive assets in the villages that could provide sustainable sources of income, creation of infrastructure that could help in improving vital indicators like health, education and skill development, empowering rural women socially and economically so that they can become the face of the growing Jharkhand, management of natural resources and ensuring transparent governance at grass root level.

Schemes Related to Education1. Birsa Munda Technical Scholarship SchemeEstablishment Important Facts

2001 Under this scheme, financial assistance is provided to the students of scheduled tribe scholarship program, who are getting technical education outside the state.

2. Laboratory establishment and strengthening scheme in residential schoolsEstablishment Important Facts

2001 Under this scheme practical science education is imparted in residential high schools.

3. University Polytechnic for ST studentsEstablishment Important Facts

2002 Under this scheme, University Polytechnic is run for students belonging to Scheduled Tribes at BIT, Mesra. Under this 5% seats are reserved for students of primitive tribes.

4. Cycle Distribution SchemeEstablishment Important Facts

2002 The objective of this scheme is to encourage girl students of scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, minority communities and families living below the poverty line to go to school.

Chapter

101Planning and Schemes


2. Pahadiya Health CentreEstablishment Important Facts

2002 The objective of this scheme is to provide healthcare to the people of Pahadia tribe.3. Chief Minister Health Insurance SchemeEstablishment Important Facts

15 November2017

Its objective is to provide free health services to BPL families. 80% of its benefit goes to BPL families who are beneficiaries of National Food

Security Scheme. The remaining 20% of BPL families have to pay a `500 premium amount to

benefit this scheme.4. Jharkhand Sahia Arogya Key SchemeEstablishment Important Facts

2019 Its aim is to arrange medical kit health key in all the villages of the state, so that small diseases in the village can be treated by Sahia.

This is a unique initiative across the country that will benefit the poor and deprived people of all the districts of the state.

Schemes Related to Housing1. Birsa Munda Housing SchemeEstablishment Important Facts

2002 The objective of this scheme is to provide financial assistance to the people of primitive tribes for building houses.

2. Vedvyas Housing SchemeEstablishment Important Facts

2016 The objective of this scheme is to provide housing to fishermen.3. Bhimrao Ambedkar Housing SchemeEstablishment Important Facts

2016 The objective of this scheme is to maintain equality and goodwill in the society and all round development of the society.

The scheme was launched on the 25th birth anniversary of Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar.

Housing is provided to widowed women under this scheme. Under this scheme, a grant of `75,000 is provided for construction of houses in

hilly areas and `70,000 in hilly areas.

Schemes Related to Sports1. Sports Scholarship SchemeEstablishment Important Facts

2006 The objective of this scheme is to encourage the players.


Economy

After the drought of the year 2015-16 and consequent dip in its economic growth, the economy has bounced back to the phase of high growth rate.

The average annual growth rate (AAGR) for the last three years (2016-17 to 2018-19) has been 8.2 per cent. Last year it grew at the rate of 6.7 per cent and in the current financial year, it is estimated to grow at the rate of 6.8 per cent.

The state has made a commendable progress so far as other indicators of development are also concerned.

The real Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) of Jharkhand is estimated to grow by 6.8 per cent and the nominal GSDP1 by 10.4 per cent in the current financial year (2018-19).

The state economy has almost grown at a steady rate for the last two years. In 2017-18 the growth in its real and nominal GSDP was 6.7 per cent and 10.2 per cent, respectively.

The growth rates in these two years have moderated after a high growth experienced in the year 2016-17.

In 2016-17 the real and nominal GSDP grew at the rate of 11.2 per cent and 14 per cent. respectively. The real and the nominal GSDP, thus, has grown at the average annual rate of 8.2 per cent and 11.5

per cent, respectively, in the last three years. The Gross State Value Added at basic prices (GSVA)2 at constant prices has grown at an annual

rate of 8.9. 6.5 and 6.6 per cent respectively in the last three years, that is, in the years 2016-17, 2017-18 and 2018-19.

The per capita income at constant prices in these three years (2016-17, 2017-18 and 2018-19) has grown at 9.4, 5.0 and 5.1 per cent respectively.

The real GSDP of Jharkhand is estimated to be 2,21,587 crore and the real GSVA at basic prices is estimated to be 1,82,893 crore in the financial year 2018-19.

The GSDP and GSVA, thus, are estimated to have grown by about 47 per cent and 40 per cent respectively and per capita income by about 32 per cent in the last seven years.

A Decomposition of Jharkhand's Growth Story Sectoral Variations in Growth Rate: Like the rest of the country, the growth in Jharkhand has not

been uniform across its sectors. In the last two years (201718 and 2018-19), the tertiary sector has been the fastest and the agriculture, forestry and fishing the slowest growing sectors of the state's economy. While the tertiary sector grew at an annual rate of about 8 per cent, the agriculture and allied sector grew at the rate of about 3.8 per cent only. The mining and quarrying sector has grown at the rate of 7.6 and the manufacturing sector by 6.7 per cent per annum in the last two years.

6.8C

hapter


Jharkhand Exams Solved 7.1Objectivequestions

FirstCombinedCivilServicesPrelimsCompetitiveExamination-2003

1. Jharkhandwasknownbywhichname inMahabharata?

(a) Naagdesh (b) Gandharva desh (c) Pundreek desh (d) Matsya desh

2. ThelargesttribeofJharkhandbynumbers- (a) Ho (b) Munda (c) Santhal (d) Oraon

3. Total number of members of Lok SabhafromJharkhandare-

(a) 14 (b) 16 (c) 18 (d) 20

4. What is Paika? (a) Dance (b) Folk song (c) Painting (d) Folkart

5. When did Kharwar Tribal movement happen?

(a) 1857 (b) 1860 (c) 1865 (d) 1874

6. Who led the Santhal rebellion? (a) Sidhu-Kanhu (b) Bhairav, Chand (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of the above

7. Jharkhand has 30 tribal communities intotal.Thesourceofmostofthetribesis:

(a) Proto-Australoid

(b) Austric

(c) Negro

(d) Mongoloid

8. Which one of the following is not thecorrectmatch?

(a) Mahuatand Sanctuary- Palamu

(b) Topchanchi Sanctuary- Dhanbad

(c) Udhwa Bird Sanctuary- Koderma

(d) Lawalong Sanctuary- Chatra

9. InhabitantofJharkhandLalitMohanRai’snameisassociatedwithwhicharea?

(a) Music (b) Sports

(c) Painting (d) Acting

10. WhatpercentageofJharkhand’spopulationisengagedinagriculturalactivities?

(a) 70.63 (b) 86.26

(c) 90.80 (d) 92.42

11.WhatisthestateflowerofJharkhand?

(a) Rose (b) Lotus

(c) Palash (d) Marigold

Answers1. (c) 2. (c) 3.(a) 4. (a)5. (d) 6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (*)9. (c) 10. (b) 11. (c)

8. (*) At present Mahuatand Sanctuary is in

Chapter

41Jharkhand Exams Solved


(b) Eastern Railway, Kolkata (c) East-Central Railway, Hajipur (d) North-Central Railway, Allahabad

Answers1.(c) 2.(d) 3.(d) 4.(c)

J.S.S.C.-JharkhandExciseConstableExam04/08/2019

1. JeRASstandfor– (a) Jharkhand Online Government Receipts

AccountingSystem (b) Jharkhand Online Government Rural

and Agriculture Service (c) Jharkhand Online Government Rural

Area Service (d) Jharkhand Growth Re-structing Action

Scheme

2. What istheContributionofJharkhandinsteelproductioninIndia?

(a) 40-50% (b) 10-15% (c) 20-25% (d) 30-40%

3. WhichofthefollowingisstateAnimalofJharkhand

(a) Elephant (b) Lion (c) Deer (d) Pythons

4. In which of the district Kaushal VikasSummit 2019 was held

(a) Dhanbad (b) Jamshedpur (c) Ranchi (d) Bokaro

5. AwardesofLaureusWorldSportsAwards2019 was

(a) Jharkhand's N.G.O. - Yuwa (b) Tribal Community of Jharkhand (c) Sports person of Jharkhand

(d) Small Dance Community of Jharkhand

6. Which of the following Agency isresponsible for the development ofrenewable energy in Jharkhand?

(a) JSPCB (b) JSCCAU (c) JREDA (d) JPDREA

7. December2018Rupees ........announcedforMukhmantriKrishiYojnaforFarmer-

(a) 22050 Crore (b) 2250 Crore (c) 1250 Crore (d) 22500 Crore

8. Where is the origin point of DamodarRiverinJharkhand

(a) Ganga Hill (b) Deoghar Tilkut Hill (c) Padma, Hazaribagh Hill (d) Latehar, Chotanagpur Plateau

9. Whichofthefollowingpairisincorrect (a) Deepika Kumari - Archery (b) Mahendra Singh Dhoni - Cricket (c) PratimaKumari-Wrestling (d) Jaipal Singh Munda - Hockey

10. Which of the following has won GoldMedalincommonwealthgames2010

(a) Mishal Bainjamin Lakra (b) Deepika Kumari (c) Laxmi Padya (d) PratimaKumari

11. Whichofthefollowingfestivalperformedby unmarried girl for prosperity of thefamily

(a) Karma (b) Jawa (c) Rohini (d) Bandana

12. Story of Village Priest regarding eatthenpotsisrelatedto

(a) Karma (b) Sarhul

45


Multiple Choice Question 7.21. ................ become the first state in the

country to implement direct benefittransfer(DBT)inKeroseneScheme.

(a) Bihar (b) Chhattisgarh (c) Jharkhand (d) Gujrat

Ans.(c)

2. Jharkhand is the 28th state of India andwasformedin15November.............

(a) 1999 (b) 2000 (c) 2001 (d) 2002

Ans.(b)

3. .................weremuch in use during themiddlestoneageinJharkhand

(a) Microliths (b) Weaponsmadeofbones (c) Earthernpots (d) None

Ans.(a)

4. Chhotanapur Tenancy act consists of..........chapters.

(a) 18 (b) 19 (c) 20 (d) 21

Ans.(b)

5. ThechhotanagpurTenancyactcameintoferceonthe.................

(a) 11thNovember,1908 (b) 14thDecember1908 (c) 2nd October 1908 (d) IstApril1908

Ans.(a)

6. The chhotanagpur Tenancy act receivedthe assent of the governor general onthe..........

(a) 29the october 1908 (b) 30th october 1908 (c) 2nddecember1908 (d) None

Ans.(a)

7. WhichofthefollowingchapterofofC.N.T.act1908dealwithoccupancyraiyat

(a) Chapter I (b) Chapter II (c) Chapter III (d) Chapter IV

Ans.(d)

8. Which of the following chapter of C.N.Tact1908dealswithnonoccupancyraiyat.

(a) Chapter IV (b) Chapter V (c) ChapterVI (d) Noneoftheabove

Ans.(c)

9. Santhal Pargana Tenancy Act, 1949extendsto..............district

(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 4

Ans.(b)

10. SanthalPerganaTenancyAct,1949cameintoforcein...........

(a) IstOctober,1949 (b) 2andOctober,1949 (c) 3rdOctober,1949 (d) IstNovember,1949Ans.(d)

Chapter


1000 Most importantOne Linera for Jharkhand Exams

$ Which of the districts in Jharkhand has maximum number of people from Scheduled Castes?

Palamu

$ Which sect of Buddhism was flourishing in Jharkhand during Pala rulers? Vajrayan $ Which tribal community had revolted against Company Government in 1818?

Ho

$ When was the first census held in Jharkhand? 1872 $ Who was the tribal leader who organised Kisan Sabha in 1929 during freedom movement?

Theble Oraon

$ Which range of rocks is scarce in Jharkhand? Cuddapah Range $ Where is the headquarters of North Chhota Nagpur Division located? Hazaribagh $ Who is the author of the book `Mundari Tud Kothari' that won Sahitya Akademi Award?

Manmasih Mundu

$ Which soil found in Jharkhand is not suitable for agriculture? Laterite soil Giridih $ In which district of Jharkhand Maximum spices are produced? Palamu $ In which district of Jharkhand is 'Gautam Buddha Sanctuary' located? Koderma $ Where is `Birsa Bhagwan Biological Park' situated? Ranchi $ What is the percentage of mineral reserves in Jharkhand out of total found in India?

37%

$ Where in Jharkhand was the first iron and steel industry in private sector established?

Jamshedpur

$ What was the name given by Raja Man Singh to the new city located in Rajmahal?

Akbar Nagar

$ Which Governor served for the longest period from May 2015 to May 2020 in Jharkhand?

Druapdi Murmu

$ Which district in Jharkhand has the maximum reserves of mica? Koderma $ When did Chero Revolt take place? Chero Revolt 1800-1819 $ Gopal Rai was connected with which revolt? Chero Revolt $ Who suppressed Munda Ulgulan (Munda Revolt)? Commissioner Forbes/

Dy. Commissioner Streetfield

$ What was the original name of Jaipal Singh? Venand Pahan

8.1C

hapter

8 Jharkhand Current Affairs (2019-2020)


Jharkhand Budget (2020-21): At a Glance Hemant Soren's government presented a budget of Rs 86370 crore for the financial year 2020-2021 in the Jharkhand Assembly on the 3rd of March. The budget has focused on 57 lakh families of the state, including farmers, tribals, as well as food security. The government has announced the loan waiver of farmers as promised earlier. In this regard, a provision of Rs 2000 crore has been made in the budget. While the budget is said to provide free dhoti, sari and lungi to 57 lakh families, a provision has been made to open 100 mohalla clinics along with 100 units of free electricity to consumers who use less than 300 units of electricity.

Similarly, in the budget, Chief Minister Rural Transport Scheme, Paddy Production and Market Access, Chief Minister Special Scholarship Scheme, Rs 10 crore for giving free technical education to girls, setting up of Jharkhand Center for Learning under Jharkhand Education Grid Scheme, digital in secondary schools It has been announced to start a new scheme named Chief Minister Digital Incentive Scheme etc. for education. In the tourism sector, where the provision of connecting 50 thousand youths with employment has been made in the budget, a provision has been made to open a separate tribal university in the state. As per the provision made in the budget, the honorarium of cooks who cook mid-day meal has been increased by Rs 500.Aim to achieve eight percent growth rate The budget aims to achieve eight percent growth rate. 73315.94 crore for revenue expenditure, while a provision of 13054.04 crore has been made for capital expenditure. According to the budget, 21669.50 crore from state tax revenue, 11820.34 crore from non-tax revenue, 15839 crore from central assistance, 25979.91 crore as state's share in central taxes, 11000 crore from public debt and Rs. 61.25 crore from recovery of loans and advances.

How much does it cost1. General Area: 25047.43 Crore2. Social Sector: 32167.58 Crore3. Economic Sector: 25254.99 Crore

Hemant government of Jharkhand has presented the budget for the new financial year. In this, schemes worth Rs 86 thousand 370 crore have been taken. Opening the treasury to the poor, the Finance Minister of the government, Rameshwar Oraon, has announced a loan waiver scheme for farmers and has proposed an expenditure of Rs 2000 crore. With the free power up to 100 units, 100 mohalla clinics have been opened and the Chief Minister Canteen Scheme has been started.

Opening the mouth of the treasury, along with free transport scheme in rural areas, in the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana, it has been announced to give 50 thousand rupees more to the poor who build houses in rural areas.

Jharkhand Budget)2020-2021(

Chapter9.2

13 Jharkhand Budget (2020-2021)



January 2019Global Skill Summit 2019On January 10, 2019, the one-day Global Skill Summit 2019 was held in Ranchi. It is important that Jharkhand is only state where overall three global summits were organized in a row merely in four years by the state government.

The theme of the Summit was: ‘Skilling Youth, Enabling Youth’. It was under the "MOMEMTUM JHARKHAND" campaign. Unique feature of the Summit was that on this occasion, in total 1,06,619 youths of Jharkhand were given symbolic offer letter for jobs in the private sector, surpassing the target of giving jobs to 1,00,000 youths. Thus, Jharkhand became the first state to achieve the feat of giving jobs to over one lakh youths in the private sector. Additionally, 17 countries took part in this summit.

February 2019Higher power allocation to Home StateThe Cabinet Committee chaired by Narendra Modi has approved the proposal of Ministry of Power to allocate 85% of Power generated to Telangana and Jharkhand from Under Construction Projects of National Thermal Power Corporation Limited.

The proposal seeks to provide 85% of power to Telangana govt. generated from Telangana Super Thermal Power Project (4000MW) of NTPC ltd. and further 85% to Jharkhand govt. from Patratu Thermal Power Station (4000MW) of Patratu Vidyut Utpadan Nigam Ltd. of NTPC Ltd.

The Projects will be allocated in two phases as follows–Jharkhand project will come up at Patratu in Ramgarh district of Jharkhand. The 1st phase will comprise of 3 units of 800 MW and 2nd phase will comprise of 2 units of 800 MW.

Jharkhand International Film Festival (JIFF)From 1st February 2019, 2nd Jharkhand International Film Festival (JIFF) was organized by an NGO, Navbharat Nirman Sangh at Ranchi, Jharkhand. The event was concluded on 3rd February 2019.1. JIFF was organized with an aim to present best Indian and International Films as well as Jharkhand

Regional Films.

2. The fest was funded by Ministry of Information and Broadcasting .

9.3

Chapter

JharkhandCurrent Affairs - 2019


January 2020Ravindra Nath Mahto elected as new Assembly Speaker: JharkhandRabindra Nath Mahato was unanimously elected as the Speaker of the Jharkhand Legislative Assembly on January 7, 2019.

Rabindra Nath Mahato's name was proposed for the speaker post by Jharkhand CM Hemant Soren. JMM MLA Champai Soren had supported the proposal during the second day of the three-day assembly session.

Important Facts

Jharkhand Assembly Polls 20191. The JMM-Congress-RJD pre-poll alliance stormed to power in Jharkhand with a win over 47 seats

in the 81-member state assembly on December 23, 2019. The BJP’s seat share was reduced to 25, while the JVM won 3 seats, AJSU won 2 and the CPI-ML and NCP won 1 seat each.

2. Ravindra Nath Mahto won from Nala constituency in the Jharkhand Assembly Polls 2019. Mahato was elected for the first time from the same constituency in 2005 but he lost the seat in the subsequent elections. He won it back in 2014, following it up with his win in 2019.

3. The Jharkhand Assembly Polls 2019 were held in five phases between November 30 and December 20, 2019

Niti Ayog: Latehar in second place in education and nutrition matters

Latehar district of Jharkhand has come in second place on the basis of NITI Aayog's ranking of backward districts in January on the criteria of education and nutrition, while Namsai district of Arunachal Pradesh is at the top. For the delta ranking of the Commission, the progress made in six areas of development in 112 backward districts has been made the basis.

Discussion on the lifestyle of tribal community in Adi DarshanThe three-day international seminar on Adi Darshan started at Adre House in Ranchi. The program started with traditional worship of the tribe community. Pahan worshiped it. The women of the tribal society danced in traditional attire and welcomed the guests. There were four academic sessions on the first day.

Tribal philosophy best

Governor Draupadi Murmu, described Adi Darshan as the best. It is said that this philosophy is the mother of all subjects. Giving information about the culture of the tribals, the governor said that they

JharkhandCurrent Affairs - 2020 9.4C

hapter

45Jharkhand Current Affairs - 2020


Category – X: All States and New Delhi, barring North Eastern (N.E) States & other Union Territories.

S.No. State Category

1 Gujarat Best Performer

2 Karnataka Top Performer

3 Kerala Top Performer

Category – Y: All N.E states except Assam and all UTs except Delhi

Andaman & Nicobar Islands is a Best Performer while Chandigarh as a Leader

Vice-President releases ‘The State of Young Child in India’ report

On September 04, 2020, Vice President of India, Venkaiah Naidu released the inaugural issue of the report ‘The State of Young Child in India’ virtually. The report provides an account of challenges related to early child development (0-6 years) in India.

The report has been prepared by Mobile Creches, a policy advocacy organisation which works with underprivileged children across India.

The report has also released the list of Best-performing states and worst-performing states based on the Young Child Outcomes Index.

Best-Performing State:State Index score (2015-16)Kerala 0.858Goa 0.817Tripura 0.761Tamil Nadu 0.731Mizoram 0.719

Worst-Performing State:State Index score (2015-16)Bihar 0.452Uttar Pradesh 0.46Jharkhand 0.5Madhya Pradesh 0.526Chhattisgarh 0.555

October 2020Haji Hussain Ansari, Minister of Jharkhand died at 73

Haji Hussain Ansari, Minister of Minority Welfare of Jharkhand passed away at the age of 73 on October 3, 2020 at Medanta hospital in Ranchi, Jharkhand due to cardiac arrest after recovering from

46 Jharkhand Current Affairs - 2020


COVID-19. He was the senior leader of Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM) party. He was also the sitting chairman of Haj committee. He is the first and only Muslim to become minister of Jharkhand. He was born in 1947 at Pipra village in Deoghar district, Jharkhand.

Important Facts:1. Haji Hussain Ansari started his political career in 1980s with congress and later joined JMM.2. He is a 4 time (1995, 2000, 2009 &2019) Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) from the

Madhupur assembly constituency, segment in Deoghar as a JMM candidate. In 2004, he was elected as leader of the opposition.

3. He was named as the Minister for Minority Welfare in October 2010. He was appointed as the Minister of Minority Welfare and Registration department in January 2010.

November 2020“My Stamp on Chhath Puja” virtually released by Ravi Shankar Prasad

Union Minister of Communications, Ravi Shankar Prasad released a “My Stamp on Chhath Puja”. He also released a Special cover on the theme ‘Chhath – A symbol of Simplicity and Cleanliness’.‘Chhath Puja’: On Chhath Puja, devotees offer prayers to the God of Light i.e Sun as he is considered the life force that binds the universe and gives energy to all living things. The Chhath Puja for 2020 falls on November 20, 2020.

Sarna Code: Jharkhand Assembly passes resolution seeking separate Identity Code for Tribals

Jharkhand Assembly unanimously passed a resolution on ‘Sarna Code’ during a special one-day assembly session on November 11, 2020. The resolution seeks inclusion of Sarna as a separate religion in the 2021 census. Jharkhand Chief Minister Hemant Soren tabled the proposal in the Jharkhand Assembly. The bill will now be sent to the Central Government for approval.

Madhya Pradesh: 'Tribal Pride Day 2020' on November 15

Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh, Shivraj Singh Chouhan has decided to celebrate the Tribal Pride Day in Madhya Pradesh on 15th November 2020 to commemorate the birth anniversary of Freedom fighter and martyr Birsa Munda. He also stated that starting from 2020 every year the 15th November will be celebrated as Tribal Pride Day.

Important Facts:• The Department of Culture and the Tribal Welfare Department organised a program in the Tribal

Museum of Bhopal to commemorate the birth anniversary of Birsa Munda.• He also announced that the name of MP’s Tribal Welfare Department will be changed to Tribal

Affairs Department.• Shivraj Singh Chouhan stated that the “Samras hostels” will be established across the state, which

will provide accommodation to the children of all the communities.• He also stated that 10% seats in the tribal hostels will be reserved for poor children of other

communities.• As a part of the programme, Ranbankure, a short film based on self-esteem of tribal genitals was

screened.

47Jharkhand Current Affairs - 2020


WWF report: 30 Indian cities Will Face ‘Water Risk’ by 2050; Jaipur tops

In accordance with the World Wide Fund (WWF) Water Risk Filter, an online tool, co-developed by the WWF for Nature and Germany’s Deutsche Investitions- und Entwicklungsgesellschaft (KFW DEG), nearly a third of the 100 cities in the world susceptible to “water risk” are in India means 30 Indian cities are expected to suffer increased water risks by 2050. The list of Indian cities was topped by Jaipur (Rajasthan) which is followed by Indore (Madhya Pradesh) and Thane (Maharashtra). Among 100 cities, Jaipur ranked 45th and Indore featured at 75th. As per Risk Filter, an urgent action is required to mitigate this risk. On the global front, the cities such as Beijing, Jakarta, Johannesburg, Istanbul, Hong Kong, Mecca and Rio de Janeiro are included in this filter. China accounts for almost half the cities.

WII: High Biodiversity in 49% of Ganges

Wildlife Institute of India (WII) in the second phase of its survey of the entire main stem of Ganga river (Main river without its tributaries) found that 49% of the river has high biodiversity and increased biodiversity sightings. Scientists have stated that this indicated reduction of pollution levels and a healthier state of the river.

Important Facts:1. The study was initiated by WII on behalf of the National Mission for Clean Ganga.2. This is the first ever study done in India on the entire Ganga river, and first of all its biodiversity.3. First Phase of the Survey was carried out between 2017-2019.

December 2020Jharkhand’s Farm Loan Waiver Scheme

Cabinet of Jharkhand gvernment recently approved a loan waiver up to Rs 50,000 for 9.07 lakh farmers. The cabinet has earmarked Rs 2,000 crores for the purpose. According to the State Government of Jharkhand, there are 12.93 lakh farmers in the state. They have loan dues amounting to Rs 5,800 crores.

Jharkhand govt: Unique kitchen gardening scheme picks up pace

State's unique kitchen gardening scheme 'Didi Badi Yojana' which aims at ensuring food security, tackling malnutrition and providing a source of livelihood to the rural households is gaining momentum across the state.

The scheme was rolled out under MGNREGA and promoted by the Jharkhand State Livelihood Promotion Society (JSLPS) in September this year for rural development and to promote kitchen gardening among women across 484 blocks of the state.

Jharkhand Cabinet approved Dhoti-Saari scheme

The state cabinet approved a proposal to roll out the Sona Sobran Dhoti Saree scheme, which promises one saree and one dhoti (or lungi) to 57.10 lakh families of Jharkhand twice a year at a subsidized price of Rs 10 a piece.

The scheme was first introduced under chief minister Hemant Soren in 2014 but was discontinued by the Raghubar Das government a year later.

6

Part - 01. Jharkhand : At a Glance

1.1 Jharkhand : State Symbol ...................................................................................................01-04 Jharkhand State sysmbols : State animal, State bird, State flower, State Tree Jharkhand's Emblem

1.2 Jharkhand : At a Glance ......................................................................................................05-28 Birth of The State Geography Climate BasicProfile Jharkhand - Minerals Jharkhand - Industries Jharkhand - Agriculture & Allied Sector Jharkhand - Education Jharkhand - Power (Electricity) Jharkhand - Transport Major Dams of Jharkhand Major River of Jharkhand Mountains National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries Famous Temples Folk Dances of Jharkhand Tribes of Jharkhand Festivals of Jharkhand Airports in Jharkhand Stadium in Jharkhan

1.3 Various administrative systems of Jharkhand tribes ........................................................29-43

Part - 02. Jharkhand : History

2.1 Jharkhand Historical Introduction ....................................................................................01-04 Tribals Entrance into Jharkhand The asura Birjia, Birhor and Khariya Korba / Korva Munda, Uraon, Ho Chero, Kharwar, Santhal

2.2 Pre Historic ..........................................................................................................................05-09 Archeology Important Archeoligical sites of Jharkhand

Detailed Index

7

2.3 Ancient History ....................................................................................................................10-16 Ancient History of Tribes Historical Period Ancient Dynasties of Jharkhand Munda Kingdom Naga Dynasty of Chotanagpur (Kokra) Capital of Nagvanshi Dynesty Raksels Dynasty of Palamu Singh Dynasty of Singhbum Other Dynasties Chero Dynasty of Palamu Dhal Dynasty of Singhbhum Khadagdiha State Panchet State 2.4 Medieval History ..................................................................................................................17-21 Jharkhnad- Entrance of Christianity Gossner mission Lutheran Church Anglican mission The United Free Church of Scotland Mission Other major facts 2.5 Modern History ....................................................................................................................22-24 Entry of Bristish in Jharkhand Palamu Chotanagpur Proper Hazaribagh Santhal Pargana

2.6 Tribal Revolts ........................................................................................................................25-37 Dhal Revolt (1767-77), Paharia Revolt (1772-82), Ramgarh Revolt, Tamar Revolt –(1782-1820),

Tilka Movement (1783-85), Chuar Revolt-(1798), Chero Movement (1800-1818), Ho Revolt (1820-21), Kol Revolt (1831-32), Bhumij Revolt (1832-33), Santhal Revolt of Santhal Hul (1855-56), Sardari Movement (1858-95), Safahod Movement (1870), Kharwar Movement (1874), Munda Revolt (1895), Movement of Tana Bhagat, Jatra Bhagat: Brief Introduction, Tana Bhagat Movement : At Glance

2.7 National Movement ..............................................................................................................38-51 1857 Revolt, Revolutionary Terrorist and Jharkhand, Non Cooperation Movement and

Jharkhand, Civil Disobedience Movement and Jharkhand, Ramgarh Session of Congress, Quit India Movement and Jharkand, Prominent Leaders of Qim, National Movement and Women in Jharkand, Workers Movement and Jharkand, Arrivals of Christians in Jharkhand, Jharkhand State Building Movement, Christian Students Organization, Chhotanagpur Unnati Samaj, Tribal general assembly, United Jharkhand Party, Jharkhand Party, Birsa Seva Dal, All India Jharkhand Party, Hul Jharkhand Party Sonat Santhal Society, Jharkhand Mukti Morcha, All Jharkhand Students Association (AJSU), Jharkhand Coordination Committee, Jharkhand Thematic Committee, Jharkhand People's Party, Jharkhand Area Autonomous Council (JAAC), State Formation - Final Phase, Jharkhand Movement and Formation of Separate State

2.8 Time line of Jharkhand ........................................................................................................52-57 Jharkhands Chronology of History

8

Part - 03. Jharkhand : Arts and Culture

3.1 Literature and Writer of Jharkhand ..................................................................................01-14 Nagpuri (Sadri), Khortha Literature, Panchparganiya Literature, Santhali language, Oraon or

Kurukh Literature, Mundari Literature , Ho Literature, Kharia Literature, Hindi Literature and Writers

3.2 Tribes and their Culture ......................................................................................................15-27 Santhal, Oraon, Munda, HO, Birhors, Kharwars, Kharias, Loharas, Bhumij, Mahli, Korwa, Cheros,

Parhaiyas, Birjias, ASUR, Bedias, Gond, Gorait, Karmalis, Chik Baraiks, Kisans, Binjhia, Savar, Bathudi, Banjara, Mal Pharias, Saurua, Pahariya, Kora, Other Important Facts of Tribes, Tribal Population Of Jharkhand

3.3 Art and Culture ....................................................................................................................28-44 Folk Dances of Jharkhand, Karma Dance, Hunta Dance, Paika Dance, Phagua, Jenana Jhumur,

Mardana Jhumar, Chhau Dance, Jitia Karam, Sarpha, Rinjha, Karsa Dance, Langre, Dhongar, Paata, Dasai, Sarhul & Baha, Firkal, Mundari Dance, Barao Dance, Jhitka And Danga, Lahasuya, Domkach, Ghora Naach, Seraikela Chhau, Jadur, Natua, Nachni, Santhal, Music, Jharkhand Tribal Music, Musical Instruments, The mandar or, tumdak, Sarangi, Bansuri, Singa, Various Art Forms of Jharkhand, Jadopatia Painting, Ganju Art, Sohrai Art, Dhokra Art, Kohver Art, Kurmi Art, Turi Art, Ghataral Art, Birhor and Bhuiya Art, Munda Art, Race, Teli And Prajapati Art, Paitkar or Folk Painting Crafts of Jharkhand, Bambo, Wood Craft Toy Making, Metal Work, Stone Carving, Ornaments, Pottery, Gonda Grass Items, Lac Jewellery, Terracotta Items, Paper Mache, Leather Products, Musical Instruments

3.4 Fair and Festivals ..................................................................................................................45-54 Rohin, Tusu Parab or Makar, Bhagta Parab, Karma, Hal Punhya, Bandana, Sohraim, Dansi,

Sarhul, Baha, Jani-Shikaar, Chhath Pooja, Deshauwali, Hariyad, Diwali, Ramnavami, Basant Panchami, Holi Dussehra, Jityya Bhaiya Dooj, Eid-Ul-Fitr, Eid-Ul-Azha, Muharrum, Kunda Mela In Pratappur (Chatra), Kolhua Mela in Hunterganj (Chatra), Hizla Mela in Dumka, Narsinghsthan Mela in Hazaribagh, Eksee Mahadev Fair, Chatra Mela, Kundri Mela’in Chatra, Kothaiya Meta in Chatra, Tutilawa Meta in Simaria, Lawalong Meta in Chatra Belgada Mela in Simaria, Bhadli Mela in Itkhori, Sangharo Meta in Chatra, Barura Sharif in Pratappur, Rabda Sharif in Pratppur, The Graveyard of Jatrahibagh Sangat in Chatra.

3.5 Tourism ..................................................................................................................................55-85 Bhadrakali Temple, Angrabari (Amreshwar Dham), Trikuti Dham, Harihar Dham, Basukinath

Dham, Mahadev Sal (Saranda), Maa Giri Rajeshwari Temple, Kulbonga Mahadev, Dewri Mandir (Taman), The Sun Temple, Shaktipith Maa Chanchala Devi Temple, Rajrappa Temple, Deoghar, Pahari Mandir, Naulakha Temple, Tanginath, Dassam Falls, Hundru Falls, Jonha Falls, Panch Ghagh Water Falls, Hirni Falls, Lodh Water Fall, Duari Fall, Bichkiliya Fall, Goa Fall, Moti Jharna, Rajadera & Sadni Fall, Toybo Fall, Usri Fall, Parasnath Hill, Canary Hill, Tagore Hill, Netarhat Hill, Khandoli Hill, Silwar Hill, Maithon Dam, Panchet Dam, Dimna Lake, Hazaribagh Lake, Ranchi Lake, Jubilee Lake, Rukka (Getalsud) Dam, Khandoli Dam, Hatia Dam, Patratu Dam, Tenughat Dam, Kanke Dam, Tilaiya Dam, Chandil Dam, Archaeological and Historical Places, Itkhori, Jharkhand Tourism Policy 2015, Objectives, The Broad Policy Objectives are Elaborated as Below, New Schemes taken up during the past year, Eco-tourism destinations in Jharkhand, Eco Tourism, Wild Life Tourism, Herbal Eco-Tourism, Spiritual/Religious Tourism, Rural Tourism, Mining Tourism

9

3.6 Social and Cultural Status ...................................................................................................86-94 Social Organisation, Evolution of Tribal Social Patterns, Social Features of Major Tribes, Santhal,

Oraon Society, Munda, Ho, Sauria and Mal Pahariya, Birhor, Korwas, Kharia, Cultural life of Jharkhand, Some Important terms-related to social organisation

Part - 04. Jharkhand : Geography

4.1 Geography of Jharkhand .....................................................................................................01-27 Geography and Structure of Jharkhand, Relief and Physiography, The North Koel Basin, The Pats

Region, Ranchi Plateau, Hazaribagh Plateau, Lower Chhotanagpur Plateau, Rajmahal Highlands, Porahat Higland, Dhanjori Range, Dalma Range, Simdega Plateau, Kollan Upland, Sarand Hilly Region, Dissected Deoghar Region, Soil of Jharkhand, Climatic Zone of State, North and North-Western Zone, Central Zone, East Santhal Pargana Zone, Ocean Affected Zone, South West Zone, Ranchi-Hazaribagh Zone, Pat Zone, The Main Rivers of Jharkhand, Some of Important Lakes of Jharkhand

4.2 Agriculture, Irrigation and Multipurpose Projects ...........................................................28-43 Jharkhand Have Three Agro Climatic Zones, Land Use Pattern, Land Use in Jharkhand, Agriculture

and Allied Sector Production, Crop Production, District wise total yield (average) for cereals, pulses, food grains and oilseeds for the year 2017-18, Major Crops of Jharkhand, Shifting Cultivation, Horticulture, National Horticulture Mission (Jharkhand), Strategy:- Schemes and Initiatives for Agriculture, "Mukhyamantri Krishi Ashirwad Yojana", Irrigation Potential in Jharkhand. Types of Irrigation Projects, Multipurpose Projects, Damodar Valley Project, Additional dam/reservoir, Tenughat Dam, Subarnarekha Project, Mayurakshi Project, North Koel Reservoir Project, Koel-Karo project

4.3 Climate Change ....................................................................................................................44-59 Environmental Protection and Climate Change, Some Facts About Climate Change and its Impact,

Climatic Changes And Its Effects, Forest And Climate Change, Research and Development, Capacity Enhancement, Change on Forest Management Approach, Health and Climate Change, Long Term Adaptation Actions, Industry and Climate Change, Green Performance Standards, SupplyChainManagement,Diversification,SmartEnergyOptions,MiningandClimateChange,Various Adaptation Measures, Social & Environmental Compliance

4.4 Forest and Environment ......................................................................................................60-83 Forest cover in Jharkhand, Forest cover within & outside recorded Forest Area, District wise Forest

coverinJharkhand(2017),ClassificationofForests,TropicalDryDeciduousForest,TropicalMoistDeciduous Forests, Green India Mission, MSP : (Minimum Support Prise), Forest Rights Act. (FRA) 2006, CAMPA : Compersatory Afforestation, NAP : National Afforestation Programme, Mukhyamantri Jan Van Yojna, National Park and Wildlife Sanctuaries, Wildlife Reserves, Ex Situ Conservation of Wildlife, Betla National Park, Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary, Lawalong Wildlife Sanctuary, Mahau Dand Wildlife Sanctuary, Koderma Wildlife Sanctuary, Palkot Wildlife Sanctuary, Parasnath Wildlife Sanctuary, Topchanchi Wildlife SanctuaryHazaribagh Wild Life Sanctuary, Udhuawa Lake Bird Sanctuary, Gautam Buddha Wildlife Sanctuary, Wildlife Reserves, Palamu Tiger Reserve, Bhagwan Birsa Biological Park, Birsa Mrig Vihar, Kalamati, Crocodile Breeding Centre Muta, Conservation of Crocodiles, Vulture Breeding Centre, Ormanjhi, Various Policies and Programmes Initiated by the Government for The Wild Life Conservation, Control Measures, A. Short Term Measures, B. Long Term Messures, National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA), Wild Life Crime Control, Jharparks

4.5 Demography of Jharkhand ..................................................................................................84-94

10

Part - 05. Jharkhand : Miscellaneous

5.1 Polity ......................................................................................................................................01-14 Eligibility Criteria, Powers of The Governor, Executive Powers, Legislative Powers, Financial

Powers, Judicial Powers, Emergency Powers, The Residence of The Governor, Chief Minister, Term ofOfficeandRetirementAge,PowerandAuthorityofChiefMinister,President’sRule,Councilof Ministers, Powers and Functions of The State Council of Ministers, Jharkhand Legislative Assembly, Legislative Assembly (Unicameral) of Jharkhand, The Powers and Functions of the Legislative Assembly Legislative Powers, Financial Powers, Control Over Executive, Constituent Power Electoral Functions Miscellaneous Functions, Speakers, Speakers of Vidhan Sabha

5.2 Judiciary ................................................................................................................................15-30 Original Jurisdiction, Appellate, Jurisdiction, Supervisory Jurisdiction, The High Court Has The

Power, Administrative Jurisdiction, Power to Transfer Cases From Subordinate Courts, A Court of Record, Miscellaneous Powers, Chief Justice of Jharkhand High Court, Former Chief Justices of Jharkhand, Panchayati Raj System, Balwant Rai Mehta Committee (1957), Ashok Mehta Committee (1977), Constitution 73Rd Amendment Bill, PESA, Implementation of Panchayats Extension To Scheduled Area (PESA), Constitution And The Tribals, Local Governance in the Tribal Areas, Panchayati Raj Division, Panchayat Election, New Initiative Undertaken by Government, Yojana Banao Abhiyan, Objective of Yojna Banao Abhiyan, Structure of The Campaign

5.3 DistrictProfile .......................................................................................................................31-50 Brief Description of Important Districts, Ranchi, Dhanbad, Deoghar, Palamu, Hazaribagh, Latehar,

Garhwa, Chatra, Koderma, Giridih, Godda, Sahibganj, Pakur, Bokaro, Lohardaga, Ramgarh, Dumka, Jamtara, Khunti, Gumla, Simdega, Purabi Singhbhum, Paschim Singhbhum Saraikela – Kharsawan

5.4 C.N.T. act And S.P.T. Act. ....................................................................................................51-98 Land Rules : At a Glance Chhotanagpur Territory Act - 1869 Chhotanagpur Tenancy Act – 1908 Santhal Pargana Tenancy (Supplementary Provisions) Act – 1949 Jharkhand Freedom of Religion Act, 2017 TheJharkhandAadhaar(TargetedDeliveryofFinancialandothersubsidies.Benefitsand

Senices) Act 2017 Jharkhand Panchayati Raj Act and PESA Act

5.5 Disaster Management .........................................................................................................99-118 Mining Hazards, Droughts, Floods, Forest Fires, Mine Disaster, Casualty Related to Disasters In

2014-15 In Jharkhand, Loss of Life and Property During 2014-15, State Disaster Management Authority, Jsdma is Responsible for, Emergency Operation Centre (EOC), Objectives of The EOCS, Functions of EOCS, District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA), Local Authorities, State Police Forces, Fire Services and Home Guards, Civil Defence (CD) And Home Guards, Shri Krishna Institute of Public Administration, Jharkhand Space Applications Centre (JSAC), Jharkhand Agency for Promotion of Information Technology (JAPIT), National Informatics Centre (NIC), Jharkhand State Information & Communication Network (JHARNET), Development of Disaster Management Knowledge Cum Demonstration Centre (SRIJAN), Birsa Agriculture University, Ranchi, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, Birla Institute of Technology Ranchi, Mecon Ranchi, Incident Response System (IRS), State Disaster Response Force (SDRF), State Disaster Management Policy, The Objectives of the Policy on Disaster Management Are, State

11

Disaster Management Plan, Objectives of the Disaster Management Plan, The Role of the State Government as Envisaged in the Plan, Preventive Actions Taken by the Government, Long Term Measures Taken/Proposed

5.6 Sports .................................................................................................................................119-137 Jaipal Singh Munda (Hockey), Mahendra Singh Dhoni, Varun Aaron, Saurabh Tiwary, Ashunta

Lakra, Sumrai Tete, Deepika Kumari, Mishal Banjamin Lakra - International Boxer, Laxmi Padiva - Lnternatlonal Boxer, Diwakar Prasad - International Boxer, Premlata Agarwal, Few Others SignificantPlayersandCoachesFromJharkhand,SportsAuthorityofJharkhand(SAJHA),TheObjectives for Which This Sajha has Been Formed are as Follows, National Sports University, Objective of The University., Jharkhand Football Association, Tata Football Academy, Tata Archery Academy, Some of The Major Achievements of Tata Archery Academy, Tata Athletics Academy, Some of The Major Achievements of Tata Athletics Academy, Jsca International Stadium Complex, Birsa Munda Athletics Stadium, Features of Birsa Munda Athletic Stadium, Keenan Stadium, Mohan Kumar Mangalam Stadium, Jrd Tata Sports Complex, Jamshedpur, Some of Tata Steel’s Sports Infrastructure, Facilities in the State,, Other Stadiums in Jharkhand, Grant to Sports Associations, Cash Reward Scheme For Sports Person And Their Coaches, Sports Stipend Scheme, Consultancy Services For Sports, Sports Talent Search Scheme And Sports Training Center, National Service Scheme, Pykka (Panchayat Yuva Khel Kud Abhiya), Sports Welfare Fund / Stipend / Honour, Construction of Sports Hostel at Sports Training Centre, Astroturf Hockey Stadium Maintenance & Electricity Bill, 2011 National Games of India, Sports Awards in Jharkhand, In Each Category, Male and Female are Awarded

5.7 Important Personalities ....................................................................................................138-150 Siddhu-Kanhu, Bhagirath Manjhi, Birsa Munda, Telanga Kharia, Tilka Manjhi, Jatra Bhagat,

Bhudhu Bhagat, Raghubar Das, Raghubar Das, Babu Ram Narain Singh, Binod Bihari Mahato, Shibu Soren, Ganga Narain, Raghunath Mahato, Rani Sarveshwari, Poto Sardar, K. C. Hembram, Jaipal Singh, Ajit Kumar Rai, Father Kamil Bulke, Theble Oraon, Boniface Lakra, Jayant Singh, Purnima Mahato, Deepika Kumari, Mahendra Singh Dhoni, Saurabh Tiwary, Varun Raymond Aaron, Jhanu Hansda, Asunta Lakra, Ishan Kishan, Aruna Mishra, Sakharam Ganesh Deuskar, Pandit Raghunath Murmu, Premlata Aggarwal, Mukund Nayak, Jewel Lakra, Albert Ekka, Dr. Ram Dayal Munda, Lalit Mohan Rai, Haren Thakur, Babulal Marandi, Dr. Gabriel Humrou, Rajkumar Sudhendru Narayan Singh, Priyanka Chopra, Sister Nirmala, Kedarnath Sahzu, Arjun Munda, Other Important Personalities in Jharkhand, Famous Personalities in Jharkhand

5.8 Award and Honours ........................................................................................................151-153 Sports and Awards of Jharkhand, Sports Award After State Heroes, Sports Awards, Gallantry

Award, Ashok Chakra, Literary Honors, Jharkhand Sewa Ratna Award

5.9 Miscellaneous ....................................................................................................................154-163 Who‘s Who Governors Chief Ministers Chief Justices Speaker : Jharkhand Assembly Superlatives In Jharkhand First in Jharkhand Important facts Member of Parliament

12

Other Important Jharkhand State Rules and Acts - Wilkinson's Rules 1837, Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement (Jharkhand Amendment) Act, 2017, The Bihar Kolhan Civil Justice (Regulation and Validating) Act, 1978, The Kolhan Civil Justice (Regulating and Validating) Act, 1966, The Bihar Scheduled Areas Regulation, 1969.

First in the State

Part - 06. Jharkhand : Economy

6.1 Education ...............................................................................................................................01-20 Elementary Education in Jharkhand., Various State Government Schemes in Elementary Education,

Mukhyamantri Vidyalakshmi Yojana (MVY), Jharkhand Balika Awasiya Vidyalaya (JBAV) Yojna, Capacity Enhancement of Kgbvs, Free Distribution of School Kit to Children, Secondary Education in Jharkhand, Jharkhand Academic Council (JAC), Jharkhans Education Project Council (JEPC) Vocational Education, Strengthening of B.ed Colleges, Grant –In- Aid, Scholarship For Students of Rimc, Merit- Cum- Poverty Scholarship, Grant in Aid For Vidyalayas, Providing – On – Line Education, Distribution of Free Cycles to Girls of Govt School, Free Distribution of School Uniform and Text Books, Establishing New District Libraries, Teacher Reward, Central Government Schemes For School Education, Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya, Mid- Day Meal Scheme (MDMS), Right to Education Act, The Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan, Inclusive Education of The Disabled at Secondary Stage (IEDSS), National Means – Cum – Merit Scholarship Scheme, National Scheme of Incentite to Girls For SecondaryEducation(NSIGSE),ImplementationofDirectBenefitTransfer(DBT)System.,HigherEducation in Jharkhand, Central University of Jharkhand (Ranchi), Ranchi University,The Birsa Agricultural University (Ranchi), National University Of Study And Research In Law (NUSRL Ranchi, Vinoba Bhave University, Sido Kanhu University, Kolhan university, Nilamber- Pitabmer University, Jharkhand State Board of Technical Education, Department of Science & Technology, Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA),

6.2 Health .....................................................................................................................................21-33 Annual Health Plan of Jharkhand 2015-16, On Going And The Planned Schemes of The State,

National Health Mission, Janani Suraksha Yojna, Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram, Mission Indradhanush, Newborn Care, Family Planninig, Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram (RKSK), Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK), National Urban Health Mission (NUHM), Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy (AYUSH), Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP), National Leprosy Eradication Programme (NLED), National Blindness Control Programme (NBCP), National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabeties, Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke (NPCDCS), Elimination of Kala-Azar, Acute Encephalitic Syndrome/Japanese Encephalitic (AES/JE), National Aids Control Programme (NACP), Kayakalp, Health Care Through Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojna (RSBY), Ranchi Institute of Neuro-Psychiatry & Allied Sciences (RINPAS), Patliputra Medical College, Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College, Health care sector in Jharkhand, Rashtriya Arogya Nidhi, Ayushman Bharat Yojna.

6.3 Energy ....................................................................................................................................34-45 Geography and Structure of Jharkhand, Undertakings of the department of energy in jharkhand,

Power Generation Capacity, Share of Distribution Utilities (MU SOLD, Key Players In Power Sector In The State, Generation, Patratu Thermal Power Station, Sikidiri Hydro Plant, Tenughat Vidyut Nigam Limited, Bokaro Power Supply Corporation, Damodar Valley Corporation, Maithon

13

Power Limited (JV of Tata Power & DVC), Tata Power Limited, Transmission System, Intra State Transmission Systems, "New Energy Projects in Jharkhand, Rural Electrification, SaubhagyaScheme in Jharkhand, Renewable Energy, Solar Power, Jharkhand State Solar Power Policy 2015, Power Procution in Jharkhand

6.4 Industries of Jharkhand .......................................................................................................46-70 Types of Industries in Jharhand, Large Scale Industries of Jharkhand, Important Iron and Steel

Plants of State Tisco (Tata Steel), Bokaro Steel Plant, Aluminium Industry, Copper Industry, Engineering Industry, Cement Industry, Chemical and Exposive Industry, Explosive Industry, Refractory Industries, Mica Industry, Coal Washeries, Glass Industry, Small Scale Industry, Lac and Shellac Industries, Tabacco Industries, Forest Based Industries, Horticulture Industries, Stone Industries, Handlooms, Khadi, Mills, Wooden Industries, Industrial Region of Jharkhand, Industrial Area Development Authorities, Jharkhand industrial area development Authority, JIADA’s work, Main objectives of JIADA, Jharkhand Industrial and Investment Promotion Policy 2016, Jharkhand Launches “Ease of Doing Business”, Jharkhand Export Policy 2015, Momentum Jharkhand, New investment in Jharkhand steel industry

6.5 Minerals of Jharkhand .........................................................................................................71-81 TheMineralsofJharkhandCanBeClassifiedIntoThreeGroups, MetallicMinerals,Copper,

Bauxite, Manganese, Chromite, Tungsten, Vanadium, Gold, Silver, Tin, Lead, Non Metallic Minerals Mica, Dolomite and Limestone, Kyanite, Abestos, Fire Clay, China Clay, Graphite, Coal, Jharia Coal Region, Bokaro Coal Region, Karanpura Coal Region, Ramgarh Coal Region, Giridih Coal Region, Auranga, Daltonganj and Hutar Coal Area, Rajmahal Coal Region, Uranium, Thorium, Leminite, Jharkhand, Mineral (Policy), 2006, Institution In Jharkhand, Indian School of Mines, National Metallurgical Laboratory, Indian Institute of Coal Management, Metallurgical and Engineering Consultant’ Ltd. (MECON), Central Mining Planning and Design Institute Ltd. (CMPDI), Indian Bureau Mines, Directorate General of Mines Safety (DGMS), Bharat Coking Coal Limited (B.C.C.L)

6.6 Transportation ......................................................................................................................82-97 Road Density, National Highways, List of National Highway in Jharkhand, State Highways

Authority of Jharkhand (SHAJ), Jharkhand Accelerated Road, Development Plan (JARDP), Railways, Special Purpose Vehicle (S. P. V.), Air Cargo Complex, Heavy Motor Vehicle Driver Training Institute and Skill Development Programme, Rural Bus Services, Superfast AC Deluxe Bus Service Road Safety, Improvements in the Auto Services, Equipments For Enforcement of TrafficRulesandAct

6.7 Planning and Schemes ........................................................................................................98-114 Schemes Related to Education, Schemes Related to Health, Related to Sports, Schemes Related to

Agriculture & Rural Development, Schemes Related to Industries Development, Schemes Related to Tribal welfare, Schemes Related to Poverty Eradication, Schemes Related to Women Welfare, Schemes Related to Environment, Other Important Schemes and Programs

6.8 Economy ............................................................................................................................115-125 A Decomposition of Jharkhand's Growth Story, Sectoral Growth rate on Y-o-Y in 2017-18 and

2018-19, Sectoral Shares in GSDP, Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Sector, Industry, Tertiary/ Service Sector, Inflation in Jharkhand, Progress in theOtherDevelopmental Indicators, SuperSpecialty Hospital for res iratory disease at Itki (Ranchi), Percentage of Population living in Multidimensional Poserty, Inter District Disparity in the Incidence of Multidimensional Poverty, Electronic Manufacturing cluster (EMC), Recommendations of the 14th Finance commission and action taken by the Jharkhand, The Fourteenth Finance Commission and Finances of Jharkhand

14

Part - 07. JPSC Prelims & Other Exams Solved

7.1 Jharkhand Exams Solved ...................................................................................................01-44 First Combined Civil Services Prelims, Competitive Examination - 2003, Third Combined

Civil Service Prelims, Competitive Examination- 2008, Market Supervisor competitive, examination – 2007, First Limited Administrative Competitive, Examination- 2006, Government High School Teacher, Appointment Exam- 2009, JPSC Subsidiary, Examination- 2007, Primary Teacher Appointment, Examination- 2008, Fourth Combined Civil Service (Prelims), Competitive Examination- 2010, Jharkhand Joint Secretariat Assistant, Exam- 2012, Jharkhand Limited Departmental, Examination- 2012, State High School Teacher Appointment, Examination 29-08-2012, Jharkhand Joint Secretariat Assistant (Mains), Examination 16-12-2012, Fifth Combined Civil Service Prelims, Competitive Exam 15-12-2013, Jharkhand Staff Selection Commission organized Women Supervisor, competitive Examination- 2014, Jharkhand Forest Guard Appointment Competitive (Prelims), Examination 24-05-015, JSSC Assistant Competitive, Examination 28-06-2015, JSSC Excise Inspector/Assistant Excise Inspector Competitive (Prelims), Examination 18-10-2015, Jharkhand Secretariat Lower Division Clerk (Prelims), Examination 17-01-2016, Jharkhand Police Competitive, Examination 30-01-2016, JSSC Kakshpal Competitive (Prelims), Examination 20-03-2016, Jharkhand Forest guard appointment (Mains), Competitive Examination 16-05-2016, Kakshpal appointment (Mains), Competitive Examination 10-07 2016, Combined Graduation Standard Competitive (Prelims), Examinations 21-08-2016, Questions asked in paper-I of Prelims, of Jharkhand Public Service Commission on 18/12/2016 Questions asked in paper-II of Prelims, of Jharkhand Public Service Commission on 18/12/2016,J.S.S.CAminCivilResionalInvestigatorExam08/01/2017,JUVNLOfficeAssistentExam 10/03/2017, J.S.S.C. - Post Graduate Exam 19/02/2017, J.S.S.C. - Jharkhand Excise Constable Exam 04/08/2019

7.2 Multiple Choice Question ....................................................................................................45-55

Part - 08. 1000 Most Important One Liners for Jharkhand Exams

01. 1000 Most Important One Liners for Jharkhand Exams .................................................01-35

Part-09.Jharkhand:CurrentAffiars

9.1 Budget - 2019-20 ...................................................................................................................01-09 Background 2019-20 Jharkhand Budget Highlights\ Other major announcements of Jharkhand budget 2019-20 Budget At a Glance

9.2 Budget - 2020-21 ...................................................................................................................10-24 Background 2020-21 Jharkhand Budget Highlights\ Other major announcements of Jharkhand budget 2019-20 Budget At a Glance

9.3 Current Affairs : Major Events - 2019 ...............................................................................25-30 03. Current Affairs : Major Events - 2020 ...............................................................................31-47

Jharkhand Sample PDF 21-02-2021

Documents

Transcript of Jharkhand Sample PDF 21-02-2021