Jacob's Ladder: A Mythological Analysis

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Introduction Jacob’s Ladder, tells us the story of a Vietnam war veteran. The whole movie is introduced to us as Jacob came back from the war and this is his post war trauma process. But as narrative tells us at the end, we’re watching the journey of Jacob’s death. Under the influence of a LSD based drug, Jacob is seeing this visions, as he slowly dying. So basically movie takes place in 3 different time and space slots. One of them is the real war adventure, that takes place during Jacob’s journey to death. Jacob needs to be unconscious to get into that time and space. When he’s unconscious, we’re always seeing a war scene after that. It’s basically when he manages to wake up in real world (which is the war that he’s dying in), he got to be unconscious or sleeping in his Katabasis. Katabasis is a journey of death. It’s a descent to the underworld. It’s either a living person that goes into Hades and tries to bring something back, or it’s a shade that slowly reaches to it’s death. In this case, it’s Jacob who’s reaching slowly to death. But he needs some closure and he has problems of letting go, just like major Katabasis story character; Orpheus. On the other hand, what Narcisus lives inside his mind can be described as Katabasis. Narcisus, who fells in love with his own reflection and gets into a coma insantly, is stuck into his head and he can’t get out of there. Narcisus’s situation can be explained as a bad trip, which is generally referred to LSD and other kind of psychedelic drugs. Let’s remember that, Jacob is having these visions that we watch as his “new life after the war”, because of a LSD trip. So if what Narcisus’s going through in his head can be referred as Katabasis, the time slot of actual war scenes are definetly the ones which we can see Jacob having his trip. The second time and space slot is Jacob’s visions, or in this case we can say that his journey. Considering that we’re watching the journey of Jacob getting closures and slowly reaches to his death in each closure he gets. The third time and space slot is a little harder to explain but Jacob gets in there 3 times. It’s the scenes where he’s with his family. But in order to get that space in time, Jacob needs to have a near death experience in his Katabasis journey. Which lets him to see his family and pay his dues to them, letting things go. These scenes comes right after Jacob’s having his near death experience and he wakes up. Expect the last scene at the end, where he finally finds his son and got out of his Katabasis journey with a ladder. In this essay, i’m going to discuss the war scenes as metamorphosis, because these are the ones that we see Jacob getting into his trip and while in his trip. The life that he imagines inside his mind, when he’s actually fighting for death, is going to be explained as Katabasis. And the scenes which he’s constantly waking up to another time and space slots like he’s reborning in them, will be discussed as rebirth images.

Transcript of Jacob's Ladder: A Mythological Analysis

Introduction    Jacob’s  Ladder,  tells  us  the  story  of  a  Vietnam  war  veteran.  The  whole  movie  is  introduced  to  us  as  Jacob  came  back  from  the  war  and  this  is  his  post  war  trauma  process.  But  as  narrative  tells  us  at  the  end,    we’re  watching  the  journey  of  Jacob’s  death.  Under  the  influence  of  a  LSD  based  drug,  Jacob  is  seeing  this  visions,  as  he  slowly  dying.    So  basically  movie  takes  place  in  3  different  time  and  space  slots.  One  of  them  is  the  real  war  adventure,  that  takes  place  during  Jacob’s  journey  to  death.  Jacob  needs  to  be  unconscious  to  get  into  that  time  and  space.    When  he’s  unconscious,  we’re  always  seeing  a  war  scene  after  that.  It’s  basically  when  he  manages  to  wake  up  in  real  world  (which  is  the  war  that  he’s  dying  in),  he  got  to  be  unconscious  or  sleeping  in  his  Katabasis.    Katabasis  is  a  journey  of  death.  It’s  a  descent  to  the  underworld.  It’s  either  a  living  person  that  goes  into  Hades  and  tries  to  bring  something  back,  or  it’s  a  shade  that  slowly  reaches  to  it’s  death.  In  this  case,  it’s  Jacob  who’s  reaching  slowly  to  death.  But  he  needs  some  closure  and  he  has  problems  of  letting  go,  just  like  major  Katabasis  story  character;  Orpheus.    On  the  other  hand,  what  Narcisus  lives  inside  his  mind  can  be  described  as  Katabasis.  Narcisus,  who  fells  in  love  with  his  own  reflection  and  gets  into  a  coma  insantly,  is  stuck  into  his  head  and  he  can’t  get  out  of  there.  Narcisus’s  situation  can  be  explained  as  a  bad  trip,  which  is  generally  referred  to  LSD  and  other  kind  of  psychedelic  drugs.  Let’s  remember  that,  Jacob  is  having  these  visions  that  we  watch  as  his  “new  life  after  the  war”,  because  of  a  LSD  trip.  So  if  what  Narcisus’s  going  through  in  his  head  can  be  referred  as  Katabasis,  the  time  slot  of  actual  war  scenes  are  definetly  the  ones  which  we  can  see  Jacob  having  his  trip.    The  second  time  and  space  slot  is  Jacob’s  visions,  or  in  this  case  we  can  say  that  his  journey.  Considering  that  we’re  watching  the  journey  of  Jacob  getting  closures  and  slowly  reaches  to  his  death  in  each  closure  he  gets.      The  third  time  and  space  slot  is  a  little  harder  to  explain  but  Jacob  gets  in  there  3  times.  It’s  the  scenes  where  he’s  with  his  family.  But  in  order  to  get  that  space  in  time,  Jacob  needs  to  have  a  near  death  experience  in  his  Katabasis  journey.  Which  lets  him  to  see  his  family  and  pay  his  dues  to  them,  letting  things  go.  These  scenes  comes  right  after  Jacob’s  having  his  near  death  experience  and  he  wakes  up.  Expect  the  last  scene  at  the  end,  where  he  finally  finds  his  son  and  got  out  of  his  Katabasis  journey  with  a  ladder.    In  this  essay,  i’m  going  to  discuss  the  war  scenes  as  metamorphosis,  because  these  are  the  ones  that  we  see  Jacob  getting  into  his  trip  and  while  in  his  trip.  The  life  that  he  imagines  inside  his  mind,  when  he’s  actually  fighting  for  death,  is  going  to  be  explained  as  Katabasis.  And  the  scenes  which  he’s  constantly  waking  up  to  another  time  and  space  slots  like  he’s  reborning  in  them,  will  be  discussed  as  rebirth  images.  

   Mythological  Reading    Movie  starts  with  the  war  scene  that  Jacob  and  his  friends  get  attacked.  Scene  opens  with  helicopters  that  carrying  dead  bodies  over  the  sea.    They  are  like  as  Hermes  described  in  old  paintings;  flying  away  with  shades  over  the  rivers  of  Hades.      

   When  we  cut  to  the  Jacob’s  brothers  in  arms,  we  see  them  sleeping/unconscious.  Which  may  be  seen  as  they’re  in  the  beginning  of  their  trip.  As  Narcisus  is  referred  as  “being  paralyzed”,  they’re  kind  of  looking  like  that.      

     

As  the  scene  continues,  they’re  smoking  weed.  They’re  talking  about  it  like  it’s  something  else  and  it’s  strong.  Since  weed  is  a  drug  that  elevates  the  effects  of  LSD,  they’re  accelerating  the  process  of  getting  high  on  it.  Just  like  backing  up  this  idea,  they  find  themselves  suddenly  under  attack.  Which  is  a  sign  for  us  that  the  trip  has  started.  Instead  of  watching  a  graphic  war  scene,  we’re  mostly  seeing  Jacob  and  his  friends  holding  their  heads,  throwing  up  and  getting  in  a  trance  state  where  they  shake  constantly  or  spin  like  crazy.    

     

   As  a  discussed  earlier,  getting  in  a  trance  mode,  or  basically  being  under  the  influence  of  a  drug  referred  as  Narcisus  which  experiences  metamorphosis.  We  can  see  even  by  this  images  that  they’re  getting  into  a  another  state  of  mind.  They’re  entering  the  process  where  they’re  going  to  live  a  trip  inside  of  their  head  and  of  course  some  of  them  are  not  even  be  able  to  live  it  because  they’re  going  to  be  dead.  

The  scene  ends  when  Jacob  is  stabbed  with  a  knife  by  an  unknown  person.  We  don’t  see  his  face,  it’s  a  POV  shot  and  it  gets  close  to  Jacob  and  stabs  him.  The  violence  caused  by  the  knife,  makes  Jacob  wake  up  in  another  world,  which  is  going  to  be  his  Katabasis.    Jacob  wakes  up  in  a  metro  station.”Underground”  is  often  used  for  metro  services.  It’s  basically  underground  tunnels,  that  can  be  seen  as  a  image  of  Katabasis.      

   The  station  also  represented  as  closed.  Jacob  tries  and  couldn’t  find  the  exit,  every  door  is  closed.  Like  no  one  knows  how  to  get  into  or  get  out  of  Hades,  it  does  not  have  a  map.  Nobody  knows  the  roads  and  ways  of  Hades,  because  it’s  the  journey  that  it’s  important.      

   

 

   Jacob  sees  people  like  shades  inside  metro  vagons.  At  first,  he  sees  them  in  the  vagon  that  he  wakes  up,  and  then  in  the  metro  that  he  almost  got  killed  by  it.  Shades  are  referred  as  souls  that  seeks  freedom  inside  Hades.  You  can  see  them  wondering  around,  not  talking  or  doing  anything.  Just  taking  their  journey  of  death,  like  the  others.  The  shades  that  Jacob  sees  are  not  talking  to  him  in  this  scene,  one  of  them  clearly  just  stares  at  him.  He  sees  shades  with  demonic  tails,  and  people  that  tries  to  get  away  from  their  vagon.  As  represented  in  many  paintings,  these  symbolizes  diferrent  stages  of  the  shades.  Some  of  them  going  directly  to  the  heart,  some  of  them  travelling  like  Jacob.    

   

   

   Also  Jacob  sees  a  person  who’s  operating  the  metro.  Not  like  other  shades  but  with  a  grey  masked,  faceless  thing.  It  can  be  referred  as  Charon  who’s  responsible  for  accompany  shades  inside  the  rivers  of  Hades.  Let’s  remember  that  we  have  to  pay  “pennies”  to  pay  the  metro,  just  like  we  have  to  pay  Charon  (the  ferryman)  with  pennies  as  well.            

   And  at  last,  this  scene  is  full  of  drug  references.  One  of  them  describes  using  drugs  as  living  in  hell.  Using  a  drug  got  Jacob  into  this  journey  at  first  place.  Hades  is  often  described  as  hell,  of  course  it’s  not  the  Hades  that  mirrors  hell,  but  the  journey  itself.  But  Hades  means  underworld  and  it’s  reference  is  “hell”  in  this  movie’s  world  because  it’s  the  era  of  “binary  opposition”.  Because  of  the  drug  he  used,  he  got  into  this  Katabasis,  which  is  introduced  to  us  by  this  metro  (underground)  scene.    

               

In  the  scene  that  follows,  we  see  Jacob  getting  home.  This  is  the  first  scene  that  we  see  Jezebel,  his  girlfriend.  Jezebel  is  a  mysterious  character  because  they  may  have  got  no  history  before  the  war.  Jacob  imagines  her  as  his  girlfriend  inside  his  LSD  trip.  Jezebel  can  be  seen  as  his  “female  companion”,  referring  the  article  “Katabasis  in  Cinema”  by  Erling  B.  Holtsmark:    “The  usual  purpose  of  the  journey  is  to  obtain  spiritual  or  material  wealth  –  wisdom,  gold,  flocks  or  some  other  form  of  treasure  –  or  to  rescue  friend  or  friends,  often  woman  or  wife.  The  katabatic  hero  is  often  accompanied  and  helped  by  a  companion  (who  may  be  female)”      Jacob  is  trying  to  rescue  his  son  because  he  can’t  let  go  of  his  death  and  what  it  did  to  his  family.  Also  he’s  trying  to  get  the  wisdom  of  what’s  happening  to  him.  The  female  companion,  which  is  Jezebel,  is  here  to  help  our  Katabatic  hero.  She’s  generally  can  be  seen  as  a    sexy  and  half  naked  woman,  but  at  other  times  she’s  trying  to  help  Jacob,  even  though  he  goes  insane,  she  never  leaves  him.  Since  this  relationship  is  just  a  thing  that  Jacob  created  in  his  head,  it’s  impossible  for  hear  to  leave  in  a  sense.  This  detail  is  also  a  proof  of  Jacob’s  katabatic  journey.    As  the  scene  continues,  they  got  into  shower  together.  We  see  a  war  flashback  that  comes  after  that.  In  which  we  can  see  that  water  is  dropping  to  Jacob’s  face  while  he’s  lying  on  the  ground  unconsciously.  The  rain  that  starts  at  real-­‐life  is  mirrored  by  shower  scene.    

 

   

Jacob  wakes  up  in  his  bed.  There  is  a  strong  white  light  coming  to  his  face  and  he  wokes  up  terrified.  It’s  almost  like  he  got  back  to  consciousness  for  a  brief  amount  of  time  and  because  he  must  continue  his  journey,  “they”  bring  him  back.  Let’s  remember  that  everytime  we  get  back  to  war  scenes,  Jacob  needs  to  wake  up  somewhere  in  his  Katabatic  journey.  Considering  that  he’s  waking  up  to  it,  this  can  be  easily  function  as  “reborn  in  Katabasis”.    

   As  the  scene  continues,  Jacob  talks  to  Jezebel  and  she  tells  him  that  one  of  his  children  dropped  of  some  pictures.  As  Jacob  look  through  the  pictures  and  smiles  to  good  memories,  he  stops  when  it  comes  to  his  dead  child,  Gabe.      Since  i  explained  Jacob’s  journey  as  a  Katabatic  one,  he  must  get  through  some  of  the  rivers.  As  he  starts  to  cry  when  he  sees  Gabe’s  picture  and  he  doesn’t  even  know  why  he’s  crying  (later  in  the  scene  he’s  going  the  deny  that  he  was  crying),  it’s  a  symbol  of  the  river  “acheron”.  Which  consists  a  constant  sadness,  even  without  knowing  why.  He’s  somehow  feeling  responsible  for  Gabe’s  death  and  he’s  still  in  the  mourning  period.      In  the  next  scene,  we  see  Jacob  is  driving  in  his  work  vehicle.  He’s  a  postman.  He  sings  inside  the  car  and  his  singing  voice  is  quite  well.  Let’s  take  a  moment  here  to  remember  that  Jacob’s  last  name  is  “Singer”.  Orpheus,  is  also  known  with  his  magical  talent  for  music.  That  can  be  taken  as  a  reference  to  the  myth.    Jacob’s  back  is  hurting  so  he  goes  to  his  personal  doctor,  Louie.  As  Louie  repair  his  body,  Jacob  gets  into  a  war  flashback  because  of  a  hard  move  from  the  doctor.  After  he  wakes  up  from  the  flashback  (which  is  also  a  rebirth  inside  his  katabatic  journey)  he  states  that  Louie  looks  like  an  angel.  I  think  that,  Louie  can  be  referred  as  a  symbol  of  Hermes.  First  of  all,  he’s  a  doctor,  and  Hermes  is  often  symbolized  by  two  snakes  with  a  stick,  which  is  a  symbol  for  medicine  nowadays.  Louie  helps  Jacob  to  recover  from  his  medical  status,  so  he  can  

continue  to  his  katabatic  Journey.  Also  at  last,  Hermes  is  the  figure  that  later  in  other  religions  referred  as  “angel”.    

   As  it  comes  to  the  war  scene,  we  see  that  other  soldiers  finds  Jacob’s  body  into  the  woods.  One  of  them  is  saying  “I  think  he’s  still  alive”.  We  don’t  see  Jacob  but  we  can  understand  that  he’s  in  a  kind  of  a  coma  because  the  soldier  says  that  “he  thinks”  Jacob  is  still  alive.  Which  is  a  clear  image  of  Narcisus,  as  i  discussed  earlier,  being  in  a  trance  state.  We  see  that  Jacob  wakes  up  to  his  katabatic  journey,  so  the  world  that  he’s  living  inside  his  head.    In  the  scene  that  follows,  we  see  Jacob’s  walking  in  the  street  and  suddenly  a  black  car  is  start  to  follow  him.  Following  is  actually  not  the  right  word,  because  they  are  basically  chasing  him,  so  he  runs  from  them.  The  car  can  be  referred  as  Hades’s  “horse  carriage”  in  which  he  abducts  Persephone.  Later  in  the  movie,  there’s  a  abduction  scene  with  this  car  too.  But  as  far  as  this  scene  goes,  we  see  3  men  inside  the  car,  which  is  a  symbol  of  Cerberus,  3  headed  dog  who  protects  Hades.  We  can’t  see  Hades  because  he’s  “unseen”.  So  it’s  protectors  following  Jacob  may  mean  that  death  is  following  him.  Also,  Jacob  sees  shades  inside  the  car  when  the  car  passes  by  him.        

   

   

 

In  the  next  scene,  Jacob  gets  into  a  hospital.  He  tries  to  find  his  old  doctor,  but  nobody  remembers  him  and  they  don’t  even  got  Jacob’s  records.  His  identity  is  kind  of  erased  in  here.  This  hospital  scene  can  be  referred  as  the  river  “lethe”  which  consists  of  forgetting  or  to  be  forget.  Jacob’s  records  can’t  be  found,  as  he  continues  to  push  the  nurse  in  charge  to  find  the  doctor.  And  at  this  particular  scene,  Jacob  is  still  seeing  shades.  He  see  the  nurse  as  a  shade  with  some  kind  of  malfunction  on  her  head.    

   In  the  next  scene,  we  see  Jezebel  and  Jacob  laying  in  their  bed  half-­‐naked.  Once  again,  Jezebel  is  represented  as  a  symbol  of  sexuality  and  desire.  Jacob  talks  about  the  things  he  saw.  He  calls  them  “creatures”.  As  an  interesting  reference,  Jezebel  says  that  :  “Creatures?  New  York  is  filled  with  creatures.”  Referring  New  York  as  Hades,  that  is  full  with  shades,  demons  and  creatures,  is  way  to  explain  the  New  York  that  Jacob  created  in  his  mind.      The  scene  is  followed  by  a  party  scene,  which  seems  to  be  taking  place  in  a  “underground”  place.  It’s  dark,  as  a  place  and  as  describing  the  people  in  it.  There  are  two  important  things  happening  in  this  party  sequence  which  can  be  considered  a  reference  to  the  katabatic  journey.    First  one  is  the  part  where  a  gypsy  read  his  hand  for  fortune  telling.  When  she  gets  into  the  life  subject,  she  looks  at  his  hand  and  says  that  “according  to  this,  you’re  already  dead”.  Since  it’s  the  journey  to  his  death,  it’s  true  that  what  gypsy  says.  This  proves  that  he’s  dead  and  this  is  a  whole  another  world  that  we’re  watching.  The  second  is  the  part  in  which  Jacob  starts  to  see  shades  and  creatures  again.    He  losts  his  mind  when  he  starts  to  see  them.  First  he  see  a  faceless  man  looking  right  at  him,  then  a  demon-­‐like  creature  having  sex  with  Jezebel.  He  fells  off  on  the  stage  and  screams  constantly  until  he’s  passed  out.  Which  him  passing  out  connects  us  to  an  another  war  scene.  When  he  gets  unconscious  in  Katabasis,  he  gains  consciousness  in  another  level.    

     

   

   

     

In  the  war  scene,  soldiers  that  found  him  states  that  “his  guts  are  hanging  out”  so  they  got  to    get  them  back  inside.  Jacob’s  bad  health  situation  mirrors  itself  as  he  wakes  up  once  again  (reborns  in  Katabasis)  in  his  home.  Jacob  is  sick  and  he  has  high  fever.  Jezebel  calls  the  doctor  but  there’s  no  time.  She  needs  to  put  Jacob  into  freezing  water  in  order  to  make  him  live.      Water  can  be  seen  as  a  rebirth  image  from  the  myth  of  Aphrodite.  Aphrodite  was  born  in  water,  the  name  means  “born  from  foams”.  Cronos  castrates  Uranus,  and  with  the  blood  that  falls  into  the  sea,  Aphrodite  borns.  The  image  of  Aphrodite  can  be  seen  as  “rising  with  the  help  of  others”.  In  the  famous  painting  of  Botticelli,  we  can  see  that  there  are  characters  helping  her  to  rise.    In  Jacob’s  case,  Jezebel  calls  out  everyone  that  she  can  find  in  the  apartment.  Suddenly  there  are  lot  of  people  helping  her  putting  Jacob  into  the  bathtub.  As  Jacob’s  yelling  “you’re  killing  me!”,  we  cut  into  the  next  scene.    

   In  the  next  scene,  he  wokes  up  beside  his  ex-­‐wife,  Sarah.  Even  his  dead  kid  is  alive  and  comes  into  the  room.  We  can  understand  that  Jacob  has  gone  to  whole  another  level.  But  this  time,  consciousness  is  not  the  key.  Jacob,  has  to  live  a  near  death  experience  to  get  into  this  level.      I  prefer  to  explain  these  scenes  where  he  finally  finds  his  family  as  Jacob’s  “letting  go”  scenes.  He’s  still  in  need  of  their  love  and  wants  to  hear  that  he’s  being  loved  by  them.  His  family  is  the  one  thing  he  cannot  let  go,  but  he  needs  to  if  he  wants  to  be  freed  from  this  katabatic  journey  and  finally,  be  dead.      He  talks  about  the  things  that  happened  in  his  katabatic  journey  as  a  dream.  He  remembers  every  detail,  he  talks  about  creatures  and  how  good  was  Jezebel  in  bed.  But  this  is  just  another  reality  that  Jacob’s  mind  has  created.    

Jacob  wakes  up  in  the  same  bathtub,  unconscious.    First,  the  shot  is  a  close  up  to  his  eyes,  then  camera  backs  up  and  we  can  see  that  he’s  laying  in  the  water.  Waking  up  in  water  is  a  clear  metaphor  of  rebirth.  As  we  know  that  he’s  just  been  in  a  near  death  experience  and  they  manage  to  bring  him  back,  it  becomes  more  than  a  metaphor.  Even  when  a  wakes  up,  there’s  a  doctor  in  the  place  and  he  tells  him  that  “you’re  lucky,  you  must  have  friends  in  higher  places”.  Which  is  a  clear  sign  that  Jacob’s  been  gone  for  a  while,  then  reborned  again.    

   In  the  following  scene,  we  see  Jacob’s  reading  books  about  demons  and  hell.  He’s  trying  to  get  information  about  his  journey.  When  we  see  the  book  page  he’s  actually  reading,  it’s  “Purgatorio”.  Which  is  the  first  part  of  Dante’s  “Divine  Comedy”.  It  means  “Hell”  in  Italian  language.  Dante  tells  us  one  of  the  most  popular  katabatic  journeys,  his  fictional  descent  into  hell  to  find  his  beloved  Beatrice.      

 

 Also  we  see  images  from  the  book.    

   This  one  is  particularly  showing  shades.  They’re  laying  on  the  floor  so  they  must  be  weaker  ones.  In  the  center,  there’s  Dante  and  roman  poet  Virgil.  Virgil  accompanies  him  while  Dante  is  in  his  katabatic  journey.    Other  images  shows  basically  demons  which  are  similar  as  the  ones  that  Jacob’s  seeing.  There  are  shades  that  can  be  seen  in  these  pictures  too.  You  can  see  one  of  them  below.    

   Basically  there  is  a  mirroring  that  has  been  done  between  Dante’s  story  and  the  Jacob’s.  As  far  as  we  know,  they’re  both  katabatic  heroes,  accompanied  by  

someone  and  they’re  both  trying  to  find  their  beloved  ones.  Dante’s  descent  to  hell  can  be  seen  as  Jacob’s  descent  from  the  “ladder”  as  well.    Also  in  this  scene,  we  see  Jezebel  as  a  demonic  creature.  As  Jacob  get  consciousness  about  his  situation  and  learns  more  about  the  katabatic  world  that  he’s  living  in,  he  begins  to  see  things  as  it  is.      

   At  the  end  of  the  scene,  Jacob  gets  a  call  from  an  old  friend,  who  he  went  to  Vietnam  with.  They  meet  at  a  bar  and  Paul  (his  friend)  explains  his  situation  as  “I’m  going  to  hell.  That’s  as  straight  as  i  can  put  it”.  Let’s  take  in  consideration  that  Paul  is  also  dying  in  “real  world”  too.  So  he’s  just  like  Jacob,  wandering  around  in  his  own  katabatic  journey.  He  says  he  sees  things  and  he’s  followed  by  something.  He’s  seeing  shades  and  he’s  followed  by  death,  which  is  going  to  come  for  him  in  the  next  scene.      Paul  is  a  character  that  can  help  Jacob  into  his  journey.  But  a  katabatic  journey  needs  to  be  taken  alone.  Nobody  can  help  you  through  it  because  you  got  to  be  the  hero  of  the  journey.  So  whenever  Jacob  finds  help  from  someone,  especially  from  their  old  war  friends,  they  back  out.  In  the  next  scene,  we  see  Paul’s  car  explode.  During  his  funeral,  Jacob  meets  all  of  other  old  war  friends  and  talks  about  these  issues.  Even  some  of  them  says  that  they’re  seeing  demons  as  well,  when  it  comes  to  legal  help,  at  first  they  want  to  help.  But  suddenly  they  back  out,  without  any  explanation.  When  Jacob  needs  to  hear  one,  they  respond  back,  “There’s  nothing  to  do  Jacob”.  Other  shades  can’t  help  Jacob  into  his  journey,  because  he  needs  to  do  this  on  his  own.              

Jacob  and  his  friends  seeks  legal  help  from  a  lawyer.  But  when  his  friends  backs  out,  Jacob  goes  to  see  the  lawyer  himself.  The  lawyer  tells  him  that  there’s  no  record  of  him  going  to  Vietnam  and  they  lied  to  him.  This  “having  no  record”  situation  we  came  across  at  the  previous  hospital  scene,  also  can  be  referred  as  the  river  “lethe”,  which  consists  of  losing  identity  and  memory.    Right  after  Jacob  leaves  the  lawyer,  he  gets  abducted  by  the  men  in  the  black  car.  He  gets  abducted    by  3  men.  2  of  them  holds  him  and  gets  him  into  the  car  and  one  of  them  is  driving  the  car.  So  the  image  of  3  headed  dog,  protector  of  Hades,  Cerberus,  continues  here.  Also  being  abducted  is  a  clear  reference  to  the  story  of  Persephone,  who’s  abducted  to  underworld  by  Hades  and  his  horse  carriage  (in  this  case,  the  black  car.)  Jacob  puts  a  fair  fight  and  manages  to  escape  the  car  but  in  the  process  he  hurts  himself  very  bad  that  he  seeks  medical  care.    

   In  the  next  scene,  Jacob  is  in  the  hospital.  Doctors  carry  him  around  with  a  stretcher.  The  stretcher  can  be  seen  as  a  “ferry”  and  doctors  can  be  seen  as  the  “ferryman”.  Since  you  only  pay  them  for  their  services  and  they  do  not  care  about  you  and  your  journey  in  life  at  all,  in  this  scene  doctors  that  carry  around  Jacob,  can  be  referred  as  Charon,  the  ferryman.    There’s  a  clear  descent  in  this  scene.  As  they  take  Jacob  to  x-­‐ray,  they  start  to  descent  to  the  basement  floors  of  the  hospital.  As  the  descent  begins,  Jacob  starts  to  see  shades,  creatures,  chopped  of  body  parts  and  his  dead  son’s  bicycle  (His  son  is  dead  because  of  a  car  accident,  happened  when  he  was  with  that  bike).  And  at  the  first  scenes  at  the  hospital,  we  see  normal  colors  of  a  hospital.  But  as  the  descent  begins,  the  color  turns  into  a  reddish  wasteland.  Even  blood  on  the  walls.  Finally  at  the  end  when  he  arrives  at  x-­‐ray  room,  the  doctors  tells  him  “You  can’t  go  home,  you’re  already  dead”.  These  images  and  themes  combined  all  together,  once  again,  proves  Jacob’s  katabatic  journey.      

   

   

   

   

   

Jacob  wakes  up  to  his  family.  As  I  discussed  earlier,  he  needed  to  have  a  near  death  experience  in  his  katabasis  to  reach  them,  and  so  he  had.  He’s  in  a  very  bad  shape  and  doctors  gives  him  a  month  to  be  able  to  walk  again.  While  he’s  talking  to  his  wife  and  she’s  saying  that  “she  still  loves  him”,  we  hear  an  off-­‐screen  sound  which  tells  Jacob  to  “dream  on”.  It’s  a  creature  like  male  voice  so  it’s  like  a  warning  to  Jacob,  this  is  a  dream.  This  is  also  needed  to  be  scene  as  a  scene  where  Jacob  finds  the  things  he  can’t  let  go,  but  it’s  just  another  level  of  his  mind  creation.    

   In  the  next  scene,  Louis  (which  I  discussed  as  a  symbolism  of  Hermes  earlier)  gets  into  the  hospital  and  checks  out  Jacob  by  force.  Saying  “you  call  this  modern  medicine?  This  is  barbaric!”    Louis  takes  Jacob  into  his  own  office  and  helps  him  there.  In  this  scene,  Louis  still  can  be  seen  as  a  reference  to  Hermes  (because  of  the  discussions  I  made  before).  Also,  when  Jacob  says  that  he’s  dying  and  he’s  in  hell,  Louis  responds  back:    “…  Echart  saw  hell  too.  You  know  what  he  said?  He  said  the  only  thing  that  burns  in  hell  is  the  part  of  you  that  won’t  let  go  of  your  life.  Your  memories,  your  attachments.  They  burn  them  all  away.  But  they’re  not  punishing  you.  They  are  freeing  your  soul.  So  the  way  he  sees  it,  if  you  frightened  of  dying  and  you’re  holding  on,  you’ll  see  devils  tearing  your  life  away.  But  if  you’ve  made  your  peace,  then  the  devils  are  really  angels,  freeing  you  from  the  earth.”    Basically,  Louie  explains  the  whole  movie  in  one  dialogue.  Jacob  is  afraid  of  dying  and  there  is  his  family  that  he’s  afraid  to  let  go.  So  he’s  trying  to  hold  on  to  this  life,  even  in  his  head,  in  pure  imagination.  He  sees  demons  because  he’s  not  made  his  peace  yet.  But  after  this  talk,  Jacob  is  going  to  find  a  way  to  make  his  peace.  Once  again,  as  a  helper  of  the  journey,  Louis  strikes  back  as  the  figure  of  Hermes.  Louis  manages  to  get  Jacob  on  his  feet,  while  other  doctors  gave  him  a  month.      

There’s  a  rebirth  motif  in  this  scene.  When  Louis  finishes  his  work  with  Louis,  he  wants  to  see  if  he  can  stand  up.  So  he  rises  the  stretcher  that  Jacob’s  laying  on  and  asks  him  to  stand  on  his  own.  It’s  a  still  image  but  the  chair  is  rising  slowly.  And  at  the  end  of  the  scene,  Jacob  manages  to  stand  up,  fully  recovered  and  ready  to  continue  his  katabatic  journey.    

   In  the  following  scene,  Jacob  gets  home  and  looks  through  his  Vietnam  souvenirs.  Inside  of  that,  he  finds  a  old  note  from  his  dead  son,  Gabe.  Which  connects  us  to  the  flashback  scene,  in  which  Jacob  finally  confronts  the  death  of  his  child.  After  the  talk  he  had  with  Louie  about  letting  go  and  freeing  his  soul  from  the  earth,  he’s  finally  confronting  this  death  and  how  it  actually  happened.      When  we  exit  the  flashback,  we  see  Jacob  staring  in  the  mirror  in  a  trance  state,  not  moving.  He’s  stuck  in  his  head  and  he’s  experiencing  a  “closure”  moment  that  he  never  experienced  before.  As  her  sons  image  can  be  seen  blurry  into  the  mirror,  he  wakes  up  from  his  mental  status  and  looks  into  the  mirror.  So  when  he  sees  the  “echo”  from  the  past  in  his  reflection,  he  looks  to  it.  Let’s  remember  that  Echo  is  the  lover  of  Narcisus.  He  finds  Narcisus  half  dead,  looking  into  his  reflection.  Echo  loves  Narcisus  and  tries  to  get  his  attention.  He  tries  to  get  his  attention  by  getting  into  the  reflection  and  be  a  part  of  it.  

 

When  he  finally  manages  to  confront  his  worst  memory,  that’s  time  he’s  ready  for  the  information  that  is  going  to  get  him  out  of  this  katabatic  journey.  He  reaches  the  answer  that  he’s  been  searching  for  throughout  the  movie.  A  man  calls  his  home  and  asks  him  to  meet.  It’s  the  man  that  created  the  drug.      The  drug  is  called  “the  ladder”,  which  is  referred  “a  trip  with  the  ladder,  down  to  the  base  of  the  fear”.  This  journey  is  also  referred  as  a  “descent”  by  the  creator  of  the  drug.  So  the  drug  itself  creates  the  descent.  Also  LSD  is  a  drug  that  often  described  as  “taking  a  spiritual  journey”  .  As  far  as  we  know,  katabatic  journey  is  the  one  of  the  most  spiritual  journeys  as  well.    As  Jacob’s  katabatic  journey  comes  to  an  end,  in  the  next  scene  we  see  him  running  in  the  street,  full  of  fog.  Let’s  remember  that  Hades  island  is  the  place  where  you  can  get  if  you  follow  the  rivers  correctly.  And  the  island  is  described  as  “surrounded  by  fog”.  In  this  case,  Jacob’s  closer  to  the  island  so  it’s  foggy  now.  Describing  the  arrival  to  Hades  Island.    

   He  goes  to  his  family’s  place.  There  is  nobody  there.  It’s  like  they  disappeared,  because  there  are  still  half  eaten  food  and  drinks  on  the  table.  Assuming  Jacob’s  much  closer  to  death,  all  of  the  memories  and  people  starts  to  disappear  from  the  world.    Jacob  falls  asleep  on  the  couch.  Just  right  before  he  fells  asleep,  we  hear  Doctor  Louis’s  speech  about  “letting  go”  once  again.  When  Jacob  opens  his  eyes,  he  sees  his  dead  son  Gabe,  sitting  at  the  bottom  stair  of  the  staircase.    

   Jacob  gets  close  to  him.  Gabe  says  “let’s  go  up”.  As  they  go  up,  a  bright  light  conquers  the  whole  universe.  It’s  like  the  light  that  heroes  see  when  they’re  exiting  Hades  so  finishing  their  katabatic  journey.  It’s  like  sun  is  shining  and  you  can  see  it  inside  the  cave,  so  you  start  to  walk  towards  the  light.  In  this  case,  Jacob  finally  reunites  with  his  son  and  confronts  his  death.  That’s  when  he  and  his  son  gets  to  ascend  and  leave  this  world  properly.    

   In  the  next  (and  the  last)  scene,  we  see  Jacob  is  laying  on  a  stretcher.  He’s  in  Vietnam.  Fellow  soldiers  announce  that  he’s  dead.  One  of  them  says  “Put  up  a  hell  of  a  fight  though”.      Well,  the  fight  that  he’s  talking  about  is  what  we  actually  watched  throughout  the  movie.  A  katabatic  journey,  like  any  bad  stage  of  life,  is  a  fight  as  well.  So  we  can  say  that  we  watched  “hell  of  a  fight”  of  Jacob’s.  Considering  that  he  finished  his  katabatic  journey,  it  was  worth  fighting  for.    

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