1

International Standard

for Electric Vehicle

Akihiko Kido

Japan Automobile Research Institute

.

HISTORY OF

April 1961：

“Automobile High-Speed Proving

Ground Foundation” was established.

October 1964： High-Speed Test Track in Tsukuba was completed.

April 1969： Japan Automobile Research Institute (JARI) was established.

The Japan Electric Vehicle Association (JEVA)

and The Association of Electronic Technology for Automobile Traffic and Driving (JSK)

were integrated with JARI

July 2003： New “JARI” was started.

October 2005 ： Shirosato Test Center (STC) completed and entered service.

Tsukuba Express（TX）In August, 2005

3

JARI's Role and Responsibility

Industry

Government

METIIndustrial promotion policyEnergy saving policyStandardization policy

MOEEnvironmental policyRegulations

Police AgencyTraining of investigationof traffic accidents

MLITRoad traffic policyTechnical regulationsInternational harmonization

Electricity/Electric power

AutomobileJARI

Assessment tests of new products/ technologies for common issues in the industry

Internet & Tele-communications

Role to connect government and industry

Contribution to policy making

<Note>METI: Ministry of Economy, Trade and IndustryMLIT: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and TourismMOE: Ministry of the Environment

Academy

Universities

Researchinstitutes

JARI has a unique neutral

position between

the government an industry.

4

Environment and Energy・New fuels ・Advanced power train systems

・Hazardous air pollutants ・Ultra-fine particles

・Health effects ・Road traffic noise

・Air quality / Environmental simulations

Exhaust gas emission test

Simulated distributions of regional ozone (O3)

and nitrogen dioxide (NO2)

Low

C

oncentr

ation

Hig

h

9:00 12:00 15:00

NO2

(Winter)

Ozone

(Summer)

Research and Testing Activities - 1/4

5

Hydrogen & Fuel Cells / Fuel Cell Vehicles，Hybrid Electric Vehicles，Battery Electric Vehicles

- Performance & safety evaluation

- Standardization

- Highly efficient batteries

JARI standard cell

Vehicle fire testing

Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Vehicle Safety

Evaluation Test Facility (Hy-SEF)

Research and Testing Activities - 2/4

6

Research and Testing Activities - 3/4

Rigid Barrior for Heavy Duty Vehicle

Car to Car Test

Side Impact Test

Rigid Barrior for Passenger Car

Motor Power ：2300 kw A.C. Inverter2.8 ton - 150 km/h

25.0 ton - 80 km/hTwo Rigid Barriors ： For Passenger Car

and Heavy Duty Vehicle Oblique Impact Tracks : 90, 120, 135, 150 ( degree )Impact Speed Ratio : 1 : 1, 1 : 1/2, 1 : 1/3, 1 : 1/5 ①

②

③

④

Dummy’s Room

JARI Crash Test Facility

7

【Layout】

complete view

Area 1

Area 2

Area 3

Area 3

Area 2

Area 1

Jtown: Automated Driving Test Center, Apr. 2017-

Research and Testing Activities - 4/4

8

Test Scenes in Area 1

L200 x W16.5 x H5.0[m]

Rain:30, 50, 80[mm/h]

Fog:15-80[m]

Sunlight:20-35[Klx]

Heavy rain & Splash

obstacle recognition

Dense fog

traffic light recognition

Backlight

lane marker detection

Backlight

traffic light and obstacle recognition

traffic light recognition

Fog & SunlightRain & Reflection

lane marker detection

9

EV standard overview

10

Organization Chart for BEV and HEV

Regulation

Domestic

SAEIEC/

TC21Battery EV

ISO/TC22

/SC37

JAMA

UN-ECE/

WP29 GRSP

JASIC

BAJ

Standard

METI MLIT

International

JARI

IEC/

TC69EV

JEWA

Connector

IEC/TC23/

SC23H

TC:Technical Committee SC:Sub CommitteeSAE:Society of Automotive EngineersUN:United Nations ECE:Economic Commission for Europe

WP29:World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle RegulationsGRSP: Global Road Safety Partnership

METI: Ministry of Economy, Trade and IndustryMLIT: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport JapanBJA：The Battery Association of JapanJARI：Japan Automobile Research InstituteJAMA：Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.JASIC：Japan Automobile Standards Internationalization CenterISO ： International Organization for Standardization

Regulation

Domestic

SAE/

FCV

ISO/TC197

Hydrogen FC

IEC/TC105

EV

ISO/TC22/SC21

METI: Ministry of Economy, Trade and IndustryMLIT: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport JapanENAA：Engineering Advancement Association of JapanJEMA：The Japan Electrical Manufactures AssociationJARI：Japan Automobile Research InstituteJAMA：Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.JASIC：Japan Automobile Standards Internationalization CenterISO ： International Organization for Standardization

TC:Technical Committee SC:Sub Committee SAE:Society of Automotive EngineersFCSC:Fuel Cell Standard CommitteeUN:United Nations ECE:Economic Commission for Europe

WP29:World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle RegulationsAC3:Administrative Committee for co-operation of work for

WP29 (3: stearing group of gtr), gtr: Global Technical Regulation

JAMA

HFCV /gtr

UN-ECE/WP29 AC.3

JASICENAA JEMA

Standard

METI MLIT

FCSC

International

JARI

Organization Chart for FCV

11

TC69

V2G CI JWG

SC32

SC23H

IEC ISO

V2G

ISO/IEC15118-115118-215118-315118-415118-515118-615118-715118-8

TC22

Electrical Vehicle Safety

WG1

ISO 17409 (AC/DC充電）ISO/PAS 19363（非接触給電）ISO/IEC 62752（EV RCD)ISO 6469-1、-2、-3

（通常使用時安全）ISO6469-4（衝突後電気安全）ISO/PAS 19295（電源電圧）ISO/TR8713（用語）ISO 23273(水素安全）

ISO 12405-1ISO 12405-2ISO 12405-3ISO 18300

ISO 23274-1(HEV燃費）ISO 23274-2（PHEV燃費）ISO/TR11955(HEV電気量）ISO 8714（EV電費と距離）ISO 8715（EV走行性能）ISO 23828（FCV燃費）ISO/TR 11954（FCV最高速）

Electrical Vehicle Performance

Battery Pack/System

TC21/JWG69

Battery（cell)

MT8PT62196-3PT62196-4

WG4(MT 61851-

23+24)PT 61980

JPT61851-3

WG3

SC37

（Conductive)

IEC 61851-21-1 IEC 61851-21-2 IEC 61851-23 IEC 61851-24IEC 61851-3-1/3-7

IEC 62196-1IEC 62196-2 IEC 62196-3 IEC 62196-4

Charging SystemCharging Interface（vehicle coupler）

IEC 62660-1IEC 62660-2 IEC 62660-3 IEC 61982IEC 61982-4ISO/IEC

PAS 16898

（Wireless）

IEC 61980-1IEC 61980-2 IEC 61980-3

（Swap）

IEC 62840-1IEC 62840-2

（Capacitor）

IEC 62576

WG2

TC197

WG12 WG18

ISO 14687-2

ISO 19881（Chamber）ISO 19882 （PRD）

ISO 17268

WG5

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TC21/JWG69

FC Ｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｏｒ

FC fuel puerility

Example of Standards

13

Standardization Activities in Japan

Japan has been led development of many EV standardsfor over 20 years

Example of Standards under deliberation

・CDV/IEC 61851-25

EVSgtrEVEgtr

Standard

USSAE

JapanJARI

SMB

CEN/CENELEC

KoreaChina Others

★New proposals continue

★The areas are expanding, such as the relation to Grid Connection

ahg RegulationSG TC69

Electric vehiclevehicle

TMB

TC22/SC37Electric vehiclevehicle

Standard development trend

TC 23,57,64,+++

◆Activities of each country are active regarding electric vehicle standard.◆As for safety, there is a lot of discussion on both standards and regulations

including UN-GTR.◆At IEC, ISO, and related discussions outside the existing TC are also active recently.

European countries

Conclusion: International collaboration

◆Japan has contributed to standard development as the first country to introduce mass-produced electric vehicles.

◆The number of countries has increased with the goal of spreading electric vehicles. International standard

discussions on electric vehicles are becoming active year by year.

◆I hope that your country will also attend the

international standards meeting.

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EV charging standard

17

Charging: Points for Compatibility

◆ There are AC and DC standards for charging

◆ Charging standards have been established for chargers and vehicle-side systems

◆ However, the charging system standard covers the inherent safety of charging

◆ Safety is guaranteed by the laws concerning electrical safety in each country, including the power distribution system, charger and individual parts.

Standard and Regulation (in Japan)

connector

charger

Li-battery

inlet

RCD

AC200(AC100)

*Electricity Business Act

RCD

JARI Certification (AC mode 3 Charger)control

box

AC200(AC100)

IEC61851-1, JIS

Power Suply side

*Electricity Business Act

Industry standard（concent,plug）（Japan Wiring Appliance Manufacturers Association)

IISO62196-3（connector）

Road Transport Vehicle Law

guide book (Japan Wiring Appliance Manufacturers Association)

Vehicle side

Charging System

cable

mode３

*Electrical Appliance and Material Safety Act

（control box）

mode２

*ECE R100, R12, R94, R95

*Road Transport Vehicle Law

/Attachment No110, 111（electric safety etc.）

*Electrical Appliance and Material Safety Act（cable,

connector, RCD,etc）

TC69

WG4 V2G CI JWG

SC21SC3SC23H

IEC ISO

Vehicle to GridCommunicationInterface

• IEC 61851-1 • IEC 61851-21 • IEC 61851-22 • IEC 61851-23 • IEC 61851-24 etc

• IEC 62196-1• IEC 62196-2 • IEC 62196-3

Charging SystemsCharging Interfaces

• ISO 15118-1 • ISO 15118-2• ISO 15118-3 etc

TC22

JARI

JSAE

Vehicle WG

Vehicle safety

WG1

• ISO 17409 • ISO 6469-1• ISO 6469-2 • ISO 6469-3 • ISO 6469-4•• IEC 61980-1 (WD)

Connector Standardization

SWG

Battery Charge Standardization

SWG

Inductive Charge SWG

These standards are relevant to 4 sectors listed above.

JARI･JSAEV2G CI

Sub-Committee

Framework for the Charging Standard

IEC 62196-2China

Type1 （Japan） Type2 （Germany） Type3 （Italy）

Phase(相数） Single Single/Three Single/Three Single/Three

Rated Current

(定格電流）

32A (single phase)

80A(single, US only)

70A (single phase)

/63A (three phase)

32A→63A？(single/three phase)

70A (single phase)

/63A (three phase)

Rated Voltage

(定格電圧）

250V

(300V US only)480V 250V

220V (single phase)/

380V (three phase)

# of pins

(ピン数）5 7

4 or 5 (single phase)

/ 7 (three phase)7

Scope CouplerCoupler,

Plug & Socket

Coupler,

Plug & Socket

Coupler,

Plug & Socket

Compatibility SAE J1772 － － －

Connector

Design

(コネクタ形状）

Φ43.8 Φ56.0

Locking(ロック機構)Option yes yes yes

shutter(シャッター)No No yes No

Charging Interface (1) A C

DC charging system

Vehicle Coupler

DC ChargeControl signal

Japan (CHAdeMO)

・Pure DC

China

・Pure DC

US

・Low power: AC・High power: DC CCS

Germany

・Low power: AC・High power: DC CCS

Additional DC terminals

Additional DC terminals

Japan (CHAdeMO) / China Germany / US Alternative

CAN In-Band Communication

Japan (CHAdeMO) / China Germany / US

Dedicated charging system AC/DC combined system

Charging Interface (2) DC

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Fundamental features: CHAdeMO and CCS

System CHAdeMO CCS

Vehicle Coupler

Pin structure for

DC charging

Dedicated 7pins +

2 DC pins + 1 extra pin

Pins in AC connector section

+ 2 DC pins in DC section

Size of connector

front edgeAround φ70mm Around 70/100mm

Charging control

concept

Communication lines +

dedicated hardware

control lines

All by communication lines

Communication

methodologyCAN

Internet protocol (HPGP)

Charging control

sequence ---

Basically similar to CHAdeMO

but different for main

contactor sequence, etc.

AppendixFurther efforts to Ensure Compatibility

of Charging Infrastructure

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Points for Compatibility

◆ Further activities are required for the spread of electric vehicles and the development of charging infrastructure

◆ There are countless combinations of vehicles and chargers, and new convenience functions are developed by manufacturers, so ensuring compatibility and safety is important.

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●In Japan, industrial guidelines have been implemented to supplement the certification system in consideration of the compatibility test results and timing of the standard revision.

●However, it will take some more time for standards and certification criteria to achieve the level that completely ensures compatibility among various products or additional functions that will be in the market in the future.

System to Ensure Compatibility

Continuous brushing upCar makers

Charger

makers

Certification

system

Promotion of EV propagation

Reducing the risks relating to

safety/compatibility in charging

New business creation

Reducing risks relating to

safety/compatibility

Cost reduction*A stopgap until a revision

of standards/criteria

Maintaining safe/secure charging environments

Guidelines*

Standards/

IEC,ISO

Compatibility

Confirmation

Test Reflection

Reflection

⇒ Verification is required as needed

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JARI Certification System

A

B

C

1

2

3

A

B

C

1

2

3

Certification

System

The JARI Certification System was launched in April 2012;it focused on compatibility and safety

EV Charger EV ChargerIndividual Certification

IEC 61851-1

IEC additional

requirements

Worst

case

scenario

JARI compatibility

technical standards(JARI original requirements)

IEC 61851-1

Domestic

standards, etc.

JARI safety

technical standards(JARI original requirements)

JARICertification

Mark

JARICertification Standards

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AC charging: Workshop for Compatibility

Secure compatibility and safety for many manufacturers' products,

by holding a workshop.

Host: EVPOSSA (Electric Vehicle Power Supply System Association)Assent: JAMA (Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association), JARI

Attendees:4 manufacturers of 5 PHEV & BEV15 manufacturers of 15 types of AC chargers

Checked items:IEC61851-1 itemsAdditional functions

(Charging timer ... etc.)Foolish operation items

(Longer push of unlock lever ... etc.)Abnormal state items

(Blackout ... etc.)Attendees' requested items

(Control logic, functional assessment)

Battery Standard

29

◆ Of course, each manufacturer has its own safety measures,

but there is still much debate as a common test method.

◆ Deliberation is being conducted mainly on Li-ion batteries.

The main standard of the cell is IEC62660, and the pack is ISO17405.

◆ The point is the safety test method.

◆ Necessary reliability tests have been discussed and the first edition has already been published.In particular, it is important to ensure safety against internal short circuits due to internal contamination of minute foreign substances.

◆ At the cell level，currently considering a simpler alternative test to the existing test method.At the pack level, additional studies are being conducted to prevent thermal chaining.

Over View

30

Cell Standard

IEC 62660-1 Performance testing

IEC 62660-2 Reliability and abuse testing

IEC 62660-3 Safety requirements

IEC/TR 62660-4Candidate alternative test methods for the internal

short circuit test of IEC 62660-3

IEC/ISO

PAS 16898

Dimensions and designation of secondary lithium-

ion cellsIEC/ISO/JWG/LIBCD

IEC 61982-4Safety requirements of nickel-metal hydride cells

and modulesIEC/TC21/JWG69Pb-Ni

IEC 62576

Electric double-layer capacitors for hybrid electric

vehicles – Test methods for electrical

characteristics

IEC/TC69/PT62576

IEC/TC21/JWG69Li

CellBattery

Performanc

e /Safety

Others

Chair:Japan

Chair:Japan Germany

Chair:China Korea

Chair:Japan

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Pack/System Standard

Ｎumber Comment comittee

ISO 6469-1 Genaral safety requirment

ISO 12405-1Test specification for High-power

applications

ISO 12405-2Test specification for High-energy

applications

ISO 12405-3 Safety performance requirements

ISO 12405-4 Performance testing

ISO 19453-6Environmental conditions and testing for

electrical and electronic equipmentISO/TC22/SC32

ISO 18300

Test specifications for lithium-ion battery

systems combined with lead acid battery or

capacitor

ISO/TC22/SC37/WG3

ISO/TC22/SC37/WG3

Pack

Others

Battery

Category

Performance

/Safety Chair:Japan

Chair:Germany

Leader:Korea

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Mechanical Integrity testCandidate of alternative test methods

for internal short circuit

Example of safety test in JARI

updated crush plate Nail penetration

33

Over Charging

34

Fire Resistance

35

Thank you so much

for your attention