GEORGE WASH IN GTON,

IN LATIN PROSE

BY FRANCIS GLASS, A .M ., OF OHIO.

E D I T E D B Y J. N . R E Y N O L D S.

I bring another’s offering—for the tomb

Contains W ithin its dreary cham el house

The gu ide of earlier days,—who often led

My boyish footsteps to the Muses’shnne .

And I must now te ll others of the friendWhose VOICO is mu te m death .

”

Old P lay .

T H I R D E D I T I O N .

N EW -Y O RK

PUBLISHED BY HARPER 65 BROTHERS,

no . 82 CLIFF-STREET,

AND SOLD BY THE PBINCl PAL BOOKS I LL I BS THROUGHOUT Ti l l

UNITED STATES .

ED ITOR’

S PREFACE .

Ir is a du ty we owe to society, to preserve everymemorial of in tellectual su periority , that chance

m ay throw in ou r way , and, more particu larly so,

those produ ctionswhich reflect honor on ou r native

genius. The literature of a nation is not to be

bu il t up like a modern edifice, with su itable honors,

a true and trusty”corner-stone, conveying the

memorabilia of the age bu t m u st have accident'

and design , small things, as well as great, in its

founda tion .

The following classical produ ction cam e into

m y possession in so singu lar a way , that I feel

bound to give the reader the whole history of it.

In the summer of 1823, I was a member of the

Ohio University , and left tha t Institu tion, expect

ing to return to college to pu rsu e my studies, in

the winter ; bu t circumstances, unnecessary for

me to state, prevented me from joining my class at

tha t time, and Iwas indu ced to seek, in the western

pa rt of the state, a person with whom I cou ld

prosecu te my studies du ring the win ter season . I

heard of a competent teacher in Warren county,

ii unr'

ron’s n am es .

of which Lebanon is the shire, situ ate abou t thirty

miles from Cincinnati. He had excited no small

degree of in terest among the few who were capa

ble of appreciating his extraordinary attainm en ts

in classical literatu re—This m an was Francis

Glass, the au thor of the following work, The

Life of Washington .

”

I found him in a remote part of the coun ty ,

in a good neighborhood of thrifty farmers, who had

employed him to instru ct their children , who, in

general, were then acqu iring the simplest rudi

men ts of an English education . The school

hou se now rises fresh ou my memory . It stood

on the banks of a small stream , in a thick grove

of native oaks, resembling more a den for Dru idi

cal rites, than a temple of learning . The bu ild

ing was a low log-cabin , with a clapboard roof,

bu t indifi'

erently tight— all the light of heaven ,

fou nd in this cabin , came throu gh apertu res made

on each side in the logs, and these were covered

with oiled paper to keep ou t the cold air, while

they adm itted the dim ray s.

The seats, or benches, were of hewn timbers,

resting on u pright posts, placed in the ground to

keep them from being overturned by the m ischiev

ou s u rchins who sat on them . In the cen tre was a

large stove, between which and the back part of

the bu ilding, stood a small desk, withou t look or

key, made of rough plank, over which a plane

J O .

nnrroa’s m asses . u

had never passed ; and, behind this desk, sat Pro

fessor Glass when I en tered his school .

There m ight have been forty scholars present ;twen ty-five of these were engaged in spelling,reading, and writing, a few in arithmetic, a small

class in Eng lish grammar ; and a half a doz en,

l ike my self, had joined his school, for the benefit

o f his instruction in the Greek and Latin lan

gu ages, preparatory to a more extended cou rse in

one of the Ohio sem inaries.

The moment he learned that my intentionwasto pursue the study of the langu ageswith him, his

whole sou l appeared to beam from his countenance .

He commenced in a strain ,which in another would

have seemed pedan tic, bu t which, in fact, was

far from being so in him .

The following imperfect sketch , drawn en tirely

from m emory , may serve to give som e idea of his

pecu liar manner Welcome to the shrine of the

M u ses, my young friend, Salve ! Xafgs The tem

ple of the Delphian God was originally a lau rel

hu t, and the Mu ses deign to dwell, accordingly ,

even in my ru stic abode. N on humilcm dam

fastidiunt, nmbrasamec ripam.

’ Here, too, the

w inds hold converse, Bu rns, and Cau rus, and

Argestes loud,’and the goddesses of the Casta

Iian foun tain, the dau gh ters of the golden-haired

Mnemosyne, are sometimes silent with the lyre,

cithard taccntes,’that they may catch the sweet

A 2

iv unrron’s m em os .

mu rmurs of the harp of Aeolus. Here, too, I, the

priest of the m uses, M asarum sacerdos, sing, to the

young of either sex, strains before u nheard, Vir

ginibus puerisque canto. Plu tu s, indeed, that blind

old deity , is far away and far away let h im

be, for well has the prince of com ic poets styled

him a fil thy , crooked, m iserable, wrinkled, bald,and toothless creature gum vr a , z ugu

‘

m, atom», gun»,

pa ddiw at, vwdév.

”

Such was my first interview. It was a displayperfectly na tu ral, and withou t the least apparen t

consciou sness of effort on his part . From this

momen t he took the greatest interest in my studies,and I enjoyed not only his instruction du ring school

hou rs, bu t—as I had taken up my lodgings at a

farm-house abou t half a mile from his school , on

the road to his own humble residence, situ ate a mile

beyond- almost every evening, from his deep in

terest in my progress, was spen t with me at my

dwelling.

While at the Ohio University , I had enjoyed the

privilege of able instruction from the Professor of

Languages in that institu tion ; bu t so far as I

was capable of judging, or making comparison ,the attainments and readiness of Glass seemed

altogether superior to any thing I had witnessed.

While reading Horace, for instance, the happyillustrations applied to each line, or word, gave

an interest to my studies absolu tely fascinating .

.nnrr on’s ru m ors.

Sometimes, when in a happy mood—and I soon

learned that he was not always happy—he wouldhold m e a deligh ted auditor, for a whole evening,

while analyz ing and poin ting ou t the beau ties of

a single ode . The whole range of classic au thors

was at his tongu e’s end, and he wou ld recite from

them w ith a facil ity and an accuracy tru ly astonish

ing. Every thing, by way of illu stration or com

parison , was in troduced, with such an inimitable

and sweet simmicity , that, to m e, it seemed as if

I had never before understood the beau ties of the

au thors I had been reading, or properly appro

cis ted the flow, strength, and grandeur of the

Latin tongu e.

His m ethod of teach ing the languages was

thorou gh and philosophical the judgmen t, as

well as the memory , was brought in to requ isition ,and he illum ined the page of the au thor with

su ch brill iant rem arks, tha t his pupil seldom felt

the longest lesson as a task. Enamoured with

standard works, he discovered a strong affection

for those who had earnestly engaged in mastering

their beauties : and if, at any momen t, he showed

a partiality for any one of his students, the love

he bore to learning was the only cau se of it. He

was proud of being a professor of langu ages, and

never lost the self-satisfaction that arose from the

consciousness of h is abilities. With him , as with

Dr. Busby , the teacher cou ld be second to no one

In nor-rows runn er .

i nthe nation ; and he often dwelt upon that

fightened age of Greece, when the lecturer at the

Academy or Lyceum was a g reater man , in public

estim ation, than the commander of arm ies.

He took it upon himself to ju dge of the improve

men t of his scholars, and gave them diplomas ac

cording to their m erits, from his own au thori ty,

withou t reciting a chartered right, or asking the

privilege of a board of tru stees. The form of one

of these diplomas I have preserved, and deem it

of sufiicient in terest to be here in trodu ced.

OMNIBUS, ad quos pressen tes has Lr'rnnm

pervenerin t, SALUTEM in dom ino sempitem am.

Orrmw s hom inibus per literas has pre sentes

110mm sit, harumce latorem m aximae

m i adolescentem, in studio Graec . et Lat . lin

guarum, aliquandiu operarn strenu am (me ipso

vice Pre ceptoris fungente ,) n aVAsse easdemque

Iing uas qu i dooeat in q uovis gymnasio, om nino

Idoneum case . In cujus rei fidem , pre sen tes literas

menu nostra exarandas cu ravimu s.

Fnsrtc rsou s Gu ss, A. M .

Grate. et Lat Ling . Professor.

Soripai in Republicfi Ohioém i.

Glass knew nothing of the world more than a

c hild. He was delicately formed in mind and

body, and shrunk from all coarseness, as a sea

nnrr oa‘a Pl asm a vii

sitive plant from the rude touch . A cold or un

feeling word seemed to palsy every current of his

soul, and every power of his mind ; bu t when ad

dressed in gentle confiding tones, he was easy ,

communicative, and fu ll of light and life. At .

such hours, be pou red out a stream of classical

knowledge, as clear, sparkling, and copiou s, as everflowed from the fbun tains of inspiration in the

early days of the Muses. Du ring these excu rsive

fligh ts, I have sat a delighted listener for hou rs,

hardly daring to hear my own voice , for fear I

should break the spell by some unclassical word,

and tha t then the Oracle wou ld be dumb. He

had all the enthusiasm of Erasm u s, and of those

revivers of learning in the fifteen th cen tu ry , who

considered the languages the ornament and the

charm of life, and more worthy of pu rsu it than all

other attainments, and, who, from this love of let

ters, called them the Humanities.

” The mind

was,with him,measured by the amount of classical

acqu irements. Hewas not deficien t in mathematics

and other branches of useful science, bu t they were

on ly more matters of u tility, and not of affection .

Such a m an is seldom properly appreciated any

where, even in the bosom of letters, where many

are capable of understanding su ch gifts ; bu t a

new cou ntry fu rnishes few competent ju dges of

high literary acq u irements.

I had beenwith him abou t three months, when

n .

v m sau ce 9 n am es .

he communicated to m e his long-cherished intsu

tion of writing the life ofWashington in Latin , for

the u se of schools. He, after this time, often ad

verted to the subject, with an earnestness I shall

never forget . By parcele, . I got something of his

history .

'

He was edu cated in Philadelphia, and

spent the earlier part of his life in that city and

vicinity , in literary pu rsuits. He often m en tioned

the nam e of Professor Ross, and said something of

having assisted him in the compilation of his Latin

Grammar. While acting as an instru ctor in the

interior of Pennsylvania, he con tracted an u nfor

tuns ta m arriage, in a state, as he said, of partial

insanity no wonder he thought so, when he

found himself su rrou nded by evils which his im

prudence had brou ght u pon him .

Glass tried to m ake the best of his situ ation , bu t

he cou ld net soften the temper, or elevate the mind,of the being to whom he was united for life. The

influ ence of his situ ation , on such a sensit ive

scholar, was perceptible in every act. He did all

he cou ld for hiswife and rapidly-increasing fam ily ,

bu t his efforts procured for them bu t a scan ty sub

sistence.

With all ambition prostrated, andwith a deadly

sickness at h is heart, be, somewhere in the year

18 17 or ’18, left Pennsylvania for the West, and

settled in the Miam i country . From that time

m the period I became acquainted with him ,

nnrr on’s ru n es . ix

he had pursued the business of school-keeping,in various places, where a teacher was wanted,

subject to the whims of children and the capricesof their parents, enou gh alone to distu rb the greatest philosopher. Of all the honest callings in this

world, the most difi cu lt is that of an instructor,

who has to chast ise idle boys, and to satisfy

ignoran t paren ts. Every new change of school

district gave Glass some new cau se of sud'

ating,

which had an effect on his heal th and temper .

Du ring all the time he had been in the western

coun try, he had made but little or no progress in

his con templated work. In the drudgery of a

daily school, he cou ld not think of sitting down to

su ch a labor ; he wan ted retirement and tranqu il

lity , while engaged in writing, to do ju stice to

himself and the subject. He wou ld often discover

the deepest sensibil ity , when any all usion was

m ade to the deeds or fam e of Washington ; and

his own con templations on the wishes of his heart,

seemed to break down al l the energies of his m ind,

and unfit him for the common du ties of life . He

was consciou s of his weakness, bu t he had not

su fficient energy of mind to rise su perior to it.

Every day his m isfortunes were making inroads

u pon his slender form ,and hurrying him to the

grave . He viewed his situ ation w ithou t dismay ,

only fearing that he shou ld die before he had

written the life of Washington.

screen’s ren net .

There were moments when hope broke in upon

hi despondency, and visions of glory filled his

d ad. He saw himself united in all coming ages

with the father of his cou ntry , and with the patriot

i h and prowess of the greatest and the best of

men, which had only been recorded in modem lan

guages, never burning in the vernacu lar of Im

perial Rome, nor traced with a pen plucked from

the wing of the“Man tuan Swan .

” In this arden t

glow of classical inspiration, he saw going onward

to perpetuity , the fame of Washington with the

honors of a Trajan , and himself not far behind the

younger Pliny , who has left a model of irnperish

able eloquence, delivered before the Roman Senate,on the virtues of his Emperor.

These feelings and sentiments, which wou ld.

have been pedantry in another, were as natu ral as

the delights of an unsophisticated child in him .

The winter had now drawn nearly to a close,

and the opening spring, w ith its bu sy scenes of

rural life, had called nearly all the larger scholars

from his school ; still nothing had been definitely

arranged in reference to the life of Washington.

He renewed the subject again and again . I had.

no one with whom to consu lt. I did not know

how to decide in my own mind, for I felt incapable

of properly estimating his attainments, and what

he really was capable of producing,—besides, theexpenses to which I shou ld be subjected, were

norr oa’s ru n es . xi

matters of responsibility , gravely to be considered.

My feelings, however, were in terested. I pitied

the man, and felt grateful for his attentions, and

for the advan tages I had derived from his instruc

tions. The attem pt, I knew, was a hold one bu t,

then, the subject addressed itself to the feelings of

every American heart . The example, too, of such

devotion to classic literatu re, on the part of an ln

dividu al so h umble, so obscu re, cou ld not, I

thou ght, bu t awaken to higher efi'

orts, on the part

of individuals more favorably situ ated,—nor his

labors be otherwise, than received with favoring

k indness, by every one in terested in the advance

men t of literatu re in the United States.

From the momen t he learned my determ ination,

to m eet his requ irem en ts in the prosecu tion of his

work, his gloom and low spirits forsook him , and

he appeared like a new bein g—thou gh it w as bu t

too apparen t , that the spirits thu s newly ligh ted

u p, were still encased in a weak, fragile, and gra

dually sinking form .

I now visited‘

h is hou se for the first time. I

shall not attempt a description , nor do I exagge

rate, when I say , that his worldly goods and chat

tels, of all descriptions, cou ld not have been sold

for the sum of thirty dollars. Clothing for him

self and fam ily was now ordered, and, at the end

of his term , arrangemen ts were made for the re

moval of himself and family to Day ton , on the

s

xii unt r on’s ru n es .

Miami, sixty miles from Cincinnati, where he im .

mediately set abou t his work and are the close

of the following winter, the whole was completed.

A t this period I paid him a visit, and received

from him the manu script. His request was most

earnest, that the resul t of his labors m ight be pub

lished. I promised him it shou ld, and have never

seen him since -and, though years have rol led

around, I have never, until the present momen t, had

leisu re to attend to its publication, or to redeem

the promise I had made to its au thor.

Poor Glass l—had he only been spared, to learn

that h is work had been exam ined and approved

of by som e of the ripest scholars of ou r country1

men whose names are bu t other terms for all that

is pu re, and chaste, and elegan t in classical litera

tu re—how it wou ld have consoled and softened

the last gloomy hou rs of h is existence l—For so

obscu rely did he live, so humbl e and retired mu st

have been his residence at the time of his death,

that , since my retu rn to the United States, I have

not been able to learn a word in reference to him ,

except that he died while I was gone, and that his

fam ily had removed from Day ton to German

township, Montgom ery county .

From what has now been stated, something may

t The opinions that have been already expressed, by several

scholars, relative to the merits of this work, may be seen at the

a id of the volume.

nm r oa’s runn er . xiii

be learned of the life of the au thor of the follow

ing work, and of the circumstances u nder which

it was w ritten . It were in vain for us, for the ten

thousandth time, to mourn over the u n toward fate

of genius, or refer to the strong passages of the

writersof every age, on the difi cultiesof overcom ing

the “res angusta domi, or of stru ggling against

the heartlessness of the world -and although it

wil l forever be, that favor is not ahoays to men ofskill, nor bread tomen of understanding, yet it shou ld

be stated, that talents now come to a better m arket

in this country , than formerly , and that the fate

of gen iu s is less deplorable than it was.

A word or two respecting the Latinity of the

work which is: here pre sented to the public .—To

say that it is offered as a specimen of finished com

position, wou ld be to assert what is not the fact,

and what the au thor him self, had his life been

spared, wou ld never have ven tured to main tain.

It boasts of no pecu liar elegance of dict ion, no

rich display of those beau ties and graces, that

adorn the pages of some modern Latinists ; yet,

in a faithfu l adherence to the idiom Of the lan

gu age, in an accu rate use of approved phraseology ,in tha t most difficult of all tasks, the clothing of

modern ideas, and modern improvemen ts, in a lan

gu age that has ceased to be a spoken tongue for

m any centuries ; in all th is, and more than this,

the present work may safely challenge no ordinary

xiv unrr on’s ret r act .

degree of scru tiny, andwill be found to contain no

small portion of what cannot bu t tend to propi

tiate and disarm the severity of criticism . In

Latin ising the various terms to which the changes

that have taken place in the art of war, since the

time of the Romans, have so abundan tly given

rise, we cannot bu t be struck with the skill which

ou r au thor has displayed. Occasionally , it is true,

some phrase or expression of rather doubtful ori

gin may intrude, bu t the intru sion will always be

found to carry its own apology along with it, and

to be evidently requ ired by the circumstances of

the case . And, after all, ou r au thor’s Gubernator

D inwiddie,” “D ue Knox,

” Congressus fl merica

nus,” “

tonncnta ignivoma,”

g landes plumbers,”

&c

are certainly no worse than Wy ttenbach’s‘ “ tor

mentaram and explosorum,

”

patina discique dissi

liant,”

pu lveris pym odor ,”or Addison’s“ “

ferrea

grando,”and plambi densissimus imber .

” Even

the term Tremebundi, applied to the society of

Friends, loses nothing, on being compared with the

gem Quackerorum riveTrementium,

”of Schroeckh .

’

Some parts of the work, on the other hand,

will , I tru st , be fou nd possessed of positive merit

and I am certain that, in the description of Mount

1 Epict. Select. face. 2, p. 34. Where an account is given of the

explosion that happened at Leyden, in 1807.

a Pa: Gulidmt'

auspicitr Europa reddita - Mm Anglican , vol.

Il , p. l .

W ORM Berli n. 18 1&

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

GEORGI I WASHINGTON I I,

m ares ssrr rrm 'mom ms crvrm '

rurr rosnsna'

rm uu

PRE S ID I S PR IM I,

VITA ,

FRANC ISCO GLASS, A.M .,

OHIOENSI,

L ITTER IS LATIN I S CON SCR IPTA .

Longs trans Oceanum , si Libris Sybil linis credamus, petebit poetmu lta se cu la tellus tngens atque Opu lenta , at in ad exorietu r v ir fortis ac sapiens, qur patrram servrtu te oppressam consilio et arm is lib

erabrt , remque publrcam , nostraaet on gme ca terfique hrstorrfi similIimam , felrcrbus ausprcris condet , Bru to et Camillo, Di born !mu ltumet merito anteferendus. Q uod nostrum illum non fugit Aecium , qu i,in Nyctegresih sud, vetus hoc oracu lum

o

numerrs poeticis adornavrt."

Cwm nu fragm xv. ed:Mair, p. 52.

NEO- EBORACOPOLI

TYPIS FRATRUM HARPERORUM.

VENALIS PROSTAT APUD OMNES BIBLIOPOLAS.

MDCCCXXXVI.

34 wasrrurc '

rom r vr'ra.

Inscius cum Indis pugnandiBraddockius, use in

hostes irruit, nec pedem retro tu lit, sed copias su as

immoviso imwtu disjectas, loco, undehostium vim

primum sustinuerant, consistere ju ssit : nudi,‘enim ,

in munitos arboribus crebroqu e fru tice pugnabant .

Pre monitus pericu lum ,’cui copias capu tque suum

objectaba t, milites provinciales, suos pre cedere

nolebat, u t sylvas insidiasque exploraren t, sed

consilium tam salu tare sprevit quamobrem teme

ritatis prunes morte luebat.

Per tres horas pugnatum , qu o in spatio, dux

tres equos, quibu s insidebat, amisit , tandemque

vulnus accepit, quod in Dunbam , tribuni militum ,

castris, vita: exitum attu lit.—Vu lnerato Brad

dockio, copies in partes omnes difl'

ugere, nec ante

acies instaurari poterat, quhm Monongahelam tra

jeceran t. Indi praada allecti, haud acriter inse

cu ti sunt. Vieti veterani sese ad castra Dunlaprr

cito receperunt, ibique impedimentis, quorum non

indigebant, deletis, Philadelphiam profecti sunt.

l M By this adjectivewe understand, unguarded,”or ex

n

a Periculum. Grammarians assure us that those verbs which,in the active voice, govern two cease, retain the latter case in the

passive. But, as no verb can govern two accusatives at the same

time, wemust supply a preposition to the accusative of the thing.

Such constructions aremere Hellenisrns, or imitations of theGreek

thus, in the sentence before us, premonitus (secundum, or quoad)

wasnm c'

rorrrr vrn . 35

CAPUT SECUNDUM.

tents, abrog ata est . -Omnium capiarum prooincialium due

constitutus est Washing tonian—Propagan d a Daquem

capiendo sese insignia—Contra Gallo: Indosque infim

'

bue

pugnat—Infin nd valetudine coactus imperio militar i rm

abdicet . Viduam Cur tis uaorem ducit .

Ex senatfis consul to Anglia: regni, vel forsitan

com itiorum spud Virginienses, decretum est “pm

fectum nu llum provincialem , qu i auctoritatem ab

rege non traxerit, al teri, regio diplomats donato, im

perare posse Quod mu lti ex prmfectis provincia

libus a gre ferentes, imperio m ilitari sese abdicave

run t. In his fuit Washingtoniu s, qu i pau lb post

exercitus Britannici cladem insignem , cujus modh

m em inimus, indignans regia diplomata‘non ex

m erito, sed pu rpura torum ,

’optimatumve volun tate

pendere, literas”ad Gubernatorem Virginiensem

aliosqu e m isit, in qu ibus legem tam iniquam res

1 By Diplomats regio we here understand,“a commission b

rived from the king.

”

2 Puq mratorum.“Noblemen,

”or

“courtiers an adjective used

substantively : by the more modern Roman writers, especially Sue

tonius, the noun mdieus, fi'

om eulq a hall, or comt , was used to

3 Liter“, a letter,”or epistle,

”sent on any business toafriend

or foe

36,wasnmcrourr

cindi oportere dixit . Cujus precibus obtemperavere

comitia ; tantaaque virtu tis in prem ium , Guberna

torVirginiensis eum copus omnibu s provincias illins

praefecit.

Anno millesimo septingentesimo qu inquagesimo

octavo, heros noster juvenilis exercitus ducis For

besu partem ductavit, et, propugnaeulo Duquesne

eapiendo, sese insignivit . Hoe hello feliciter gesto,

animum ad rei militaris scientism in tendit . Veli

tationes crebraa cum Gallis Indisque, locis syl

vestribus circa fines, vigilantism prudentiam que

edocu é re, ausorumqu e magnorum aviditatem ge

nu é re. Copies, qu as duct abat, con tra hostes as

tu tissimos confligere pau latim sunt assu efactaa.

Gallorum agilitatem , Indorumqu e feritatem ,supe

ravit virtu te. Plu rim is pre liis victis hostibu s,

longeque trans fines colonicos recedere coactis,

propugnacu lisque, qu es secundum fluvium Ohio

ceperat, prsesidio, quod satis videbatu r, munitis,

Forbesius imperator exercitum in hibem acu la re

duxit.

Per hoc bellum decretorium ,qu od colonus me

diis tranqu illitati salu tiqu e fu it, Washingtoniu s

mu ltas diflicu ltates perpessus est qu ibus valetudo

imm inuebatu r. Pulmonum morbo, corporisqu e

debilitate correptus, munia m ilitaris obire haud

poterat, quocirca, ineunte vere anni millesim i sep

tingentesimi qu inquagesim i noni, imperio se abdi

cavit, Vernoniumque ad montem secessit. Erga

wasnrscr om r vrn . 37

meritum tantum , haud ingrata fu it legio Virgini

ensis, qu es , post eju s abdicationem , gratiarum

actiones illi una voce decrevit : quod amorie pig

n u s Washingtonii pectu s pietate in commil itones

replevit : propter, enim , pietatem in patriam , pa

rentes, et amicos, per totem vitam beneaudiebat . ‘

Post biennium , valetudine saniore usu s, viduam ,

gau dentem nomine Cu stis, uxorem duxit. Dom

ina haacce Washingtonio wqu ssva fu it, tam qu e

amm i dotibus, quam corporis forms, inter popu

lares em inu it .

l Bertaaudicbat,“had a good character was well spoken of

literal ly and st lu ge he heard well, (qfhimsdfi) de re being understood after the verb audiebet.

38 wasnmarom r vr'ra.

CAPUT TERTIUM.

Consilii publici causers, judexque cur-falls, constitutur est

Washing tonium—Beth Americani w arm—Puma: Lexing

Irrr nnna, magistratu s, .consilii publici consors,

judexque curialis‘ factu s est . At tempu s instabat,

quo, Washingtonium haac m rfiria honorifica relin

qu ere, civiumque suorum ju ra con tra paucorum

poten tium apud Anglos tyrannidem vindicatum ’

ire Oportebat . Bellum Americanum ab erroribu s

pau corum politiam’ Anglia exercentium , ren ixu

qu e colonorum nonnu llorum in taxationem Sena

tfis Britannici iniquam , originem duxit. Alia

quoque cau sa belli civilis Britanniam inter et cc

lonias movendi ad superiorem accessit, quez priirs

explicanda videtu r, quhm ad Martis discrim ina

nosmet accingamu s.

Coloni primi, qu i ex Anglia, ad inhospita Cclumbi litora dem igraveran t, potissim irm pa triam

fugiebant, ne ob religionem vexarentu r. Num i

l Crm’

d r’

r. Thejudgs of a court ; fi'om curia, a court, or senate

house.

Vindicatum, to avenge the former supine placed after in .

3 Polittam,“rule,

”or

“civil government from a Greek noun,

implying a city, state, or community. N. B. Politic has the penult

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40 wasnm er om r vr'

u .

icanas jus taxandi arrogatum sit. Nunc vero ad

Martis horren tia arma m atu remu s, satis, enim , de

cansis huju sce belli, jam dictum esse pu to.

Dux Gage, qui, ineunte anno millesimo, septin

gen tesimo, septuagesimo qu in to, exercitu i Anglico

Bostonia pre fuit, certior factu s, vim magnam‘

instrumentorum apparattlsque belli, Concordia ,

apud Novanglos, coactam fu isse, manipu les’ non

nu llos, qu i vim istam deleren t, misit. Hancock

ium Adamiumque, Congresstl s provincialis, qu i

tunc temporis Concordia: convenerat, viros prin

cipes, apprehendi ju ssit . Hi m anipu li, die Aprilis

u ndevicesim o, anno supra dicto, prime. lu ce , iter

Bostonia facere cceperu nt, summo silen tio profecti,

apprehensoque quoqu e obvio,’na adventu impro

viso vicinitas commoveretu r ; qu i tamen, armorum

ignivomorum tintinnabu lorumqu e sonitu assidu o,

consilia su a a colonis patefieri viderun t.

Hora qu inta, Lexingtoniam , qu indecim milliaria

Bostonia distantem , pervenerunt. Militia, viridi

in campo, juxta Oppidu lum supra dictum , a pm .

I Vim magmm . By the noun vim, is here implied, quantity,”

number,”or multitude.”

s Mm ipndoa, detachments,”or companies of tr00ps some

what similar to what we commonly call, a captain’s company, in

modern armies.

s Quoque obvio.“Each,

”or every one they met ; quoquebeing

the ablative case of the compounded pronoun qutrquc, placed abso

intaly with the participle eppn hmsa The cause of their arrestingall when they met, and proceeding with such circumspection, was

with a view ot’

not elarming the nfim te-mea in the vicinity.

wasnm cr om r vr'rs . 41

fectis provincialibu s, arm orum ignivomorum ad

u sum , exercebatur. Legatus Pitcairnus, qu i ma

nipu lo Britannico praefu it, magna voce clam avit,“ fugite, rebelles, arma abjicite, inqu e fu gam vos

metipsos abripite.

” Militia provinciali iisdem ves

tig ns inhwrente, locoqu e cedere nolen te, Pitcairnu s

milites regios militiam provincialem armis ignivo

m is petere ju ssit , qu ibus displosis, mu lti ex Am er

icanis au t interfecti, au t vu lnerati su n t . Copias

inde Concordiam duxit , ubi belli instrum en ta ibi

recondita deleta sun t . Militia colonica contra co

pias regias acerrime velitabatu r, qua certatione

m u lti u trinque occisi. Copias regias Concordia

sese Lexingtoniam recipientes, per sex milliarium

spatium , magno impetu insequebantu r Americani,

qu i, dc lapideis mu ris, tu ti, eas mire. celeritate in

ceden tes, omn i telorum genera, peteban t . Copns

regus laboran tibu s recen tes nonnu lli manipu l i, cum

duobu s tormentis m ajoribu s, Lexingtoniaa sub

veniebant.

Sub Man mensis finem , regiaa copias plu rima

Bostoniam adventabant, Howe, Burgoyne, Clin

tonioqu e, du cibus incly tis, imperantibu s. Haud

longea Bostonia, collie, nomine Bunker, situ s est,quem colonorum m anipu lu s, Jun ii die decimo

sexto, cepit, eumqu e m u n ire institu it ; tan taque

l Tormma’

s nwjm-ibus. By these are implied, cannons,

”or

great guns,”of any capacity, in which sense they will be under

stood throughout the work .

42 wasm uer om r vrn .

diligentia operi incubu it, u t, priusqu am lucesceret,mun imentum vallumqu e cestris penecircumjecerit.Quod u t vidé re copier regim, assidua tormentorum

majorum , omnigenorumqu e errnorum ignivomo

rum , oppugnetione, opera solo sequare, propu gna

toresqu evallo fosseque depellere enixé conaben tu r.

Coloni, tamen, eb opere non cessebant, meridiem

que circiter munimen ta omnia perfecerent : qua:

Americanorum audacie du cesAnglos adeo efl'

era

vit, u t ad collis Bunkern radices peditum legionem

exponerent .‘

Copier regia summa virtu te collem ascende

runt ; cum au tem Americanorum vallo castrisque

appropinqu arent, tantu s glandium plumbeerum

imber in cos subito est efi'

u su s, u t torrentis ritu ,’

per semi-horem , cederet. Ce des tam infinite

facta, u t m ilites veterani, se stregem terribiliorem

nunquam vidisse confiterentu r. Du x Howe, cuju s

virtu s hec pu gna clarissim é perspecte, pau lisper

feresolu sperm ensit, praefectorum m ilitumqu e perte

maxima au t occisa, au t vu lnerete. At tandem ,

copus recentibus advententibu s, Americani dare

terga coecti. Oppidu lum , qu bd de domibu s copias

colonica: propu gnabant, quodqu e eis, inter pugnan

dum ,pertugio erat, incensum fu it.

l Espom rm t. They lanh d,” (dc W ilma scilicet,) literally,

“they put out (of their shipm”)

s Ton-enth rim. After the fashion, or manner, of a land-dood,

wasum cr om r vx'

rs . 43

In hoc prmlio, pro numero pu gnan tium , caedes

m ajor u trinqu e facte, qu am in u lla alia pu gne,

qu es totius belli spatio obtigit. Ex parte Britan

norum , mill e hom ines cedebent ; qu ingenti insig

nes viri de numero Am ericanorum, co die, lu ce‘

cerebent ; in his fu it Warreniu s, m edicu s praecla

ru s, orator disertu s, vir patrias amantissimu s, qu i

cives suos in Anglorum dominationem injustem

accendere hand destitit . Hoc prmho facto, copim

colonicae propu gnacu la aggeremqu e loco excelso

con tra Carolopolim fecé re ; egilitate audaciaque

hostium an imos percu lsere, eb magis, quod, vete

reni Britanni suem leudem ’virtu temqu e pre di

can tes, militiem provincialem ex animo despicere

solebant. Praesidium Bostoniense, ad inedias ex

tremum , jam diu tu rna obsidione dedu ctum .

3 Lara. “Life la: is fi-equently u sed, figuratively, for life, se

pecial ly among the poets .

s Laudem. Commendable, or praiseworthy actions ibr lasts

means often, not somuch praise, as thosedeeds, which merit it : thus

Virg. Smut etiam hie sueprwmia laudi,” “Noble deedshave thu"

own rewards, even here.”

44 wasum cr om r vrr s.

CAPUT Q UARTUM.

Coloniamm‘ faderatarum exercitum Washing tonius impe

rator .-Ad Congresses pm sidem respom um .

-Cantabri

g iam proficiscitur .—Espositio, d Congressu prius smurata,

comm militibus recitata est .—Ordinum omnium amor pa

tm .—Bostonia absidia.

—Bostoniam vacu qfaciunt Bri

tones, apud Neo-Eboracenses bellum gestan .

WASHINGTON IUS, vicem civitatisVirginiensis, in

coloniarum fmderaterum Congressu , gerens, ad

Americani exercitfis summum imperium , nem ine

contradicente, electus est ; stipendium quoque ei

a Congressu quam amplissimum decretum quod,tamen, strenuedetrectevit. Responsi ejus ed Con

gress prmsidem haac fuit senten tia. Dom ine

pre ses, Etsi vere sen tio, quam veldé hac designa

tione me honors extul eritis, tamen , m agnopere

vereor, ne animi vires, ususque rei mil itaris,t impe

t ium tam magnum , temque latedivisum exasqu are

haud possin t : quoniam , tamen , ita vu lt Congressu s,

ad grende munus m e ipsum eccingem . Summ is

porro viribus, ne civium ju ra causaque decore im

m inuentur, eniter. Gratias quam maxim es civi

bus ex animo hebeo, ob pignu s hoc insigne in me

amorie. Sed ne qu is casus infaustus, qu i famam

I Um que,w. And experience in the art of war.”

wasnm erom r m m. 45

nomcnque in discrimen ferat, mihi eveniat, omnes,

qui adsunt, hodie monitos velim , me, imperio, quo

honestatus sum , vires inferiores esse confiteri. Q uo

ed stipendium , Dom ine Prrsses, Congressum certi

orem fieri volo, qu um , nu lla pecunite aviditate in

ductus, imperium tam erduum acceperim , tantum

que otii privati et felicitatis dispendium fecerim,

ita, ex designetione m ea, lu crifacere prorsas ame

alienam esse. Sumptuum rationem,

l qu am veris

sime potero, tenebo —Pecuniam ,qu am in com

mode publica, necessario impenderim , m ihi, u t

spero, cives mei persolvent : hoc m ihi suflicit, nec

Congressum largiora flegito.

”

Postridie ejue diei, diploma speciale,’ a Con

gressu fe deraterum coloniarum Washingtonio da

tum , in qu o, pre cipu é cen tum erat, na qu id de

trimenti libertas Americana caperet . Sim u l a

Congressu decretum , seWashingtonium omnibu s

facu ltetibu s fortu nisqu e adju tu ros, in libertate

Americana su stinenda.

” In mandatia erat, exer

citum ordinere ct disponere prou t ei u tilissimum

factu videretu r ; sim u lque cavere, ne ju ra Ameri

l Sumptuum rationem.

“An account of expenses :” his disinte

restedness induced him to decline all pecuniary compensation, save

and except indispensable expenses : these, he trusted, his coun

munificence wou ld eventually discharge.

2 Diploma specials, a special or particular commission W ash

ington’s commission was dated June 17, 1775, and signed by Pey

ton Randolph, as president, and Charles Thomson, as secretary, of

the Congress of the United Colonies ; it was resigned to Congress,

from whom it emanated, at Annapolis, in 1783.

46 wassmorom r vr'rs.

cane imminu antur z—Sub Julu m ensis initium ,

Washingtoniu sCantabrigiem apudNovanglos pro

fectu s est, u t exercittls Americani imperium os

pesseret.

Consilia PublicaNovi Eboraci, etMassachu setts,

ei de imperio gratu labantu r. Cum ad castra Cen

tabrigiensia pervenisset, summo gaudio, la titih

que, ab exercitu receptu s. Copies regies in colle

Bu nkerio consedisse, tribu sque propu gnacu lis in

natan tibus munites, colonicas vero collibus tribu s

vellum aggeremqu e prtsduxisse inven it. Cum

copia colonica; solito agrestiqu e vestitu ad cas

tra accessissen t, chlamyde venetica, requebilitetis

cau se, ees indu i ju ssit . Washingtonius magnum

hom inum numerum rations castrensi m ale insti

tu tum , armis bellique apparatu heud bene instru o

tum, comparit. Preeterea, machinarum bellicarum

artifices, instrumentaque cuju scu nqu e generis ad

propu gnacu le faciende, illis defu eru nt Exercitu s,

porro, ex tam verns du cibu s provincusqu e compo

situ s, ed disciplinem m ilitarem eegerrime tradu ctu s.

Duces audaces, hostilitatis‘ initio, sese insignive

rent, dedu ctoresque sibi adeo obnoxios’ fecerent, u t

aprsefectis, nisi suo ipsorum electu constitu ti fu e

t in t, dirigi nolebant.

l Hoatilitetis “hostility thisnoun, although good Latin, is not

used by any classic, to my recollection, with the exception of 8m

eca being derived from Inertia, which anciently signified, aforeigner.s Genoa-lea, attached to their persons.

”

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48 wasnm er em r v rr s.

demonstret probetque, certe postulate summoque

ju re petere debent -At Creatoris magni obser

ventis cu ltusque, humanitatis efl'

ata, sensfis com

munis pra cepte , omnes, qu i istis de rebu s, u nqu am

cogitavé re, evincent, imperium , ad generis humani

sal u tem provehendam , felicitatemqu e au gendam

promovendamque, antiqu itus a Deo institu tum fu

isse . Senatu s, au tem Britannicu s, immoderata

imperii libidine incensu s, qu am ju stitia non solirm

edversam , sed na regni qu idem ipsiu s Anglici for

ma consonem esse novit, successumque felicem , in

genere quovis certam inis, in qu o justi verique ratio

habita sit, desperans, colonias hasce vi in servitu

tem redigendi consilium crudele cepit, inivitque

nosqu e ed extremam arm ispropu lsendiacervicibus

nostris gledios districtos necessitatem compu leru nt.

Tamen, quen tumvis Senatu s iste, pra nim ia im

pern eviditate, ca cu tiat, ju squ e et hom inum existi

mationem contemnat, nosmetipsos, ob amorem in

gentes reliqu es, ad cau sa , quaversemu r, justitiam

exponendem impelli arbitremu r.”

Ha cce expositio audex et perspicu e, sexto Ju ln

die, Christi anno m illessimo septingentesimo sep

tu egesimo qu in to, Philadelphia data, ‘ at aJoanne

Hencockio, et Carole Thomson , su bscripta . l lle

Congressfls pra ses, hic au tem a secretis’ fu it.

1 Data, dated,” thus Cicero, datum pridi 11 . Jim. Literally,

“given.

”

a J M etis,“a secrstss-y <

” theahfi dlis, amasterofrequestah e.

wasnm arom r vr'u . 49

Bodam feré tempore, colonia inter se concordia

m ire coneen tiebant. Amor patria ordines omnes,

cujusqu e a tetia homines incitavit prajudicia

e tiam religiosa insigni pe tria studio superabantur.

Tremebundorum ‘adolescentes plurim i ad ca tus

militares sese aggregaverent. Nec studium hocce

libertatis comm unis inanda viros magis quam

fa m ines teu chat z conventu , enim , fa minarum

com itatfis‘ Bristoliensis apud Pennsylvanos hebito,pecu nia satis grandis summa, ad conscribendam

instruendamqu e legionem, confects et coacta fu it .

Huju s legionis m ilitibus conscriptis st in u num

coectis, n u ru s'ab reliqu is delegate est, qua vexillo

splendido, emblema tibus aptis ornate, legionem

donaret . Eodem tempore, ora tionem vehemen tem

apud legionem habu it, sicqu e pra fectos m ilitesqu e

efl'

ata dicitu r ; Ne Columbi terra dom in arum

vexilla deserant , n isi nu ru s Am ericanas nom ine.

in ter m il ites dare et profiteri cupien t.”

Exercitus, cu i pra fectu s Washingtonius, ex

q u inden is ferehom inum m illibu s constabet. Sex

tilis die qu arto, pu lv'

eris nitrati apud colonos, et

1 Tremebundorum , Q uakers,”or, as they are sometimes called,

f riends a class of people, who, for moral integrity and strict oh

servance of the du ties which adorn the human character, would do

honor to any system of faith ; it must he confessed, however, that

they do not, generally, encou rage classic literature, or in has, any

department of the bell es lettres.

3 Comitalae,“a county ,

” from comes, an earl or count.”

3 M enu , properly, a son’s wife, a daughter-in-law, but in thu

passage it means a yeung married lady.”

B

50 wasnrrmr om r vr'rs.

provinciarum quatuor inter Novangles armamen

taria publica, cepia omnis feré absumpta fue

rat. In hoc statu egeno, exercitus per h‘

ebdem a

das dues permansit. Etsi ad legiones supplendas ,

exercitumqu e cenficiendum cenflandumq ue, vehe

m entissime elaboratum , enixeque sudatum fu erat,

leg iones, tamen , haud suppleta . Ceu sa plu rima

eversatienem hanc a nem ina ‘ profitende procrea

ban t. Exercitu s m ala m u lta perpessu s, fem itis’

vis exigua ; vestium nec non ciberiorum cepia

satis large ad frigu s fem emqu e ercendum m iliti

bu s haud suppetebat . Variola ' mu l tos a nem ine

dende absterreben t. Cause , au tem , pra cipu e mi

litiem detrectendi a re m ilitari aversatie fu it . Ut

legiones fecilihs explerentur, munificentia‘ampli

oris, in m ilites conscribendos, pericu lum ‘suasit

Washingtonius : cuju s consil io, tandem , sub Jan

nat iimensis finem , anne m illesimo septingen tesimo

septu agesimo sexto ab Christo nato, coloniarum

feederatarum Congressus ebsecundavit. Hec et

insequ enti mense, exercitus mu l tum m ilitum nu

mero adau ctus.

l JV'

mnirta dare eel profil eri,“to enlist or enrol themselves as sol

diers.”

s Fomilis,“fuel, wood, so called from fence,

“I cherish,”

because fuel cherishes and feeds the fire.

a Variola , the small-pox,”so termed from the active verb Var-is,

I very, or diversify , from their variegated and chequered appearance

on the surface of the human body. N.B. This word is of modem

4 Mm ifieentic , bounty to soldiers.”

s Pwieulmn, experiment,” trial, or essay.

wasnrneronrr vr'ra. 51

Eodem tempera, obsidione cingabatur Bostonia,

Britonasque oppido inclusi arent z qua , tamen , eb

sidio cives Americanos spa lengé fefellit : ten tas,

enim , copies, omnibellice instrumen te apparatuqu e,

at armorum genera omni instru ctas ernatasqua ar

bitraban tu r : fame, namqu a, copias, quibus pra po

situ s Washingt onius, triple ragiis majores esse

farebat . Vera cepiarum mu l titude, ballique instru

men ts , quibu s m ale ernabantu r, Britenas‘sadu lb

calaben tu r . Civas vehemen tiaqu adem m ire, me

ra qua impetien tia, copias regies Bostonia axpu lsas

jammidam spectara avaban t : idqu e spactacu lum

tam gratum pariter voluit Washingtonius ; aura,

au tem , pruden tiaqua sibi opus esse meritoduxit.

Commode, qua ax pra clere alique fecinora, ad

causam communem , qua varsabatu r, preven tu re

assent, animo prespaxit ; nac,’se inertia igna.

via qu a ab nennu ll is insimu lari, imperiumqu e sibi

a Congressu craditum prolatara, at in longum,

‘sui

commedi gratia, bellum trabara se valle, a qui.

bu sdam diei, nasciabat . Ha c civium murmurs.

l Britones.

“W ere carefully concealed from the British.” See

what has been said in a preceding note, on certain passiees govern

ing an accusative case. The construction is, “mod em or quoad

s N ee, Q-e.“Nor was he ignorant that he was accused by some

of inactivity and cowardice, and that it was said by certain persons,

that he wished to protract the command intrusted to him by Con

grass, and to lengthen out the war for the sake of his own ad

vantage.”

In longum, (tempus, san spatiwn,)“for a lmg spaeecf time.

”

5S wasnrrtaromr vr'rs.

in tentum hebuit, ct occasionem cepias regies nl trb

invadendi ex animo‘ qua sivit.

Tandem BritenasBestoniam raliqu issa,Halifax

que cepiis omnibus contenders, cartier factus. Bos

tonia abAnglis deserts, cam Washingt onius copus

omnibus, magno civium gaudio, intravit. Oppi

dani, acarbitatibu s pra sidierio’ da more vitam

agendi, variisqua centumaliis, qu ibus ebnoxu fue

rant , liberati solu tiqua, Washingtonium liberate

ram at servatoram censalu tant . Coleniarum que

qu e fa daratarum Congrassu s ai gratias agendas

esse decravit . Vacuafacta aBritonibus Bostonia,ordo seriasqu a rerum in maliusmu taben tu r,Wash

ingtenn, au tem , laboribus in terim baud imminu tis

Cum hostibu s deincaps longs potantioribus confii

gandum arat . Exercitu s cnim Anglicanu s, apu d

Bostoniansas, nil aliud pra tar maths Massachu

set ts Provincia injectionam sibi volu it . Bellum,

au tem, anne m illesimo septingentesimo septuega

simo sexto ab Christe nate, apud Nao-Eberacansas

longs amplissim is cepns ques vidit unqu am an taa

terra Columbi,‘geri ca ptum . Clessis exercitu s

E: m ints, from his heart,”

cordially, heartily.

”

s Fra sidiario, of living after a garrison fashion of leading a

garrison life ; the nou n adjective, pm sidiarius, is derived from the

substantive pm sidium, a garrison,”guard, or defence.

0 Terra Coleen“, the iand ofColumbus by thiswe understand

the United States of North America, and not the other discoveries

in theWest Indies and elsewhere, of that most enterprising and

wasnm aromr vrr a. 53

qu e Anglicenus ax qu inqueginta qu inque homi

n um m illibus tune temperie constabant, cunetas

qua colonies fa dare tas in regiam potastatcm

gandi, armisqua pecandi, consilium iniere.

fl wssrrrrra 'rorm vr

'

ra.

CAPUT Q UINTUM.

Bostomd relietd,Novum Eboracum contendit Washing tonius.

—Du.s Howe Insulam Staten capit .—Curatores, d reg eBr i

tamw ad pacem concordiamque restitu endam constitu ti, col

loquium frustra tentan t .—M ilites su os j ussis g ener alibusaf atur Washing tonius .

—Colonias fa deratas, liberas, su

premas, aniegue viribus innitentes esse decem it Cong resses.

- Ia insuld Longapm l ium adversum .

Fo r ear m bellum in Neve Ebereco, provincia

props cen trali, felicius gari, exercitu s ciberiorum

genera omni ex insu lis vicinis commodius instru i, at

classa Angl ica facilius defendi, petu it . Ob aas cau

ses, Bostoniam vacu afacera, cepiasqua omnes Nevi

Eboraci cegara, jamdudum in Senatu Anglice sta

tu tum fuarat Causa aa dam , qua BritannosNovi

Eboraci potirr rnduxarun t, Washingtonium quoque

ad ees pra eccupandos‘ impadiandesqu a impu ls

runt ; m agnum , itaqua, militum numarum Bes

tonia dim isit, 1mpariequ a du ci Lea date , m u nita

qu e Bostonia, cum axercitu relique Novum Ebe

racum tandit, omniaqua, qu a ad dafansienam

partinerant, sadu lo paravit . Tampus sa tis diu tur

num hu ic negotio conficiando cencassum nam

1 Praeeeupandos, to prevent,”anticipate, or forestall them.

s M u stnu,“was granwd,

”or allowed to the Americans by

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88 wssm rter erm vr'

rs.

rem, munari publico‘ debitum , qu am alias sibi pri

vate haudqu aqu am arrogarat, parvicacius postu

lara, a quum esse arbitrabatu r Al taris danub

literie, cadam de re, ad Washingtonium m issis,

colloquium perlongum sum in ter at Patersonium ,

pra facti apud exercitam Anglicum tune temperie

vice fungantem, habitum, in que Patersonius, cu

rateras de pace transigenda au ctoritate magna de

natos assa dixit cu i responsum fu it, serum auc

toritatem ad colonis ignoscendum, veniemqu a dan

dam ,tantummede partinara, aosqua, qui nu llius

sibi delicti unqu am censcu fu aren t, ignosci at cen

donari nolla.

” His dictis, colloqu ium abruptum.

Sub Ducis Howe ed insu lem Staten advantum,

exercitusAmericanus ax decem hominum millibus

constabat, at, supplementis vam s quotidie adven

tantibus, an te Sextilis’ flnam , ad viginti septem

hominum millia parbravi eccravit ; quorum pars

magna militia’ fu it, totiu sque exercitus pars qu arts.

a grotahat : morbi, qu ibus milites nevitii pra cipu é

obnoxii sun t, latehorrificé qua ingruabant, at, taber

necu lis daficien tibus, ingravascebet in dies m elum .

Ha copia tam sagacitar solartarqua divarsis locis

insu lisqua disponabantu r, u t hostes, qu amnam lo

1 Manet-ipublica, to a public office,

”or employment.

”

8 swan, the month of August ,”so called from the numeral

adjective sestus, the sixth, being the sixth from M arch ; itwas afterb

wardscalled Augustus, from the Emperor of that name.

s Militia. This is here taken for what we understand hy the

term “militia” in English ; derived fmm miles,“a soldier.”

wasnmo'

rorm vrr s . 57

cum insulam ve potissimum adorirantur, ubinamve

belli inferandi initium fiarat, diu ambigebant .

Washingtonius nil, qued milites ad hostes laces

sandos impetumquaAnglerum fertitar sustinendum

alacres paretosque reddarat, pra tarmisit ; ratio

namq ua emnam animes patria amora incendandi,

irasqu a in hostes suscitandas, axpartus est, jussis

generalibus’sic aos afi

'

atus : Tempus instat, qued,libari an sarvi fu tu ri sin t Americani u trumne

quidquam , qued proprium dici possit , hebituri an

dem us agrosqua hostes M puna invasu ri at direps

tu ri parbravi dijudicebit . Infinita multitudinis

nondum nata , ex hu‘

jusca exercitus virtu te,'fatum

pendabit. Hostas immites at inexorabiles nobis

pra tar fortis ranixfis, au t sarvitn turpissimi, optio

nem, nil raliqu i facere. Vincara, igitu r, au t pu l

chra petara par vu lnara mortem , nobis hodierno

dis statuandum ast . Oflicium ‘qued nobismatipsis,

qu ed patria dabamu s, omnes vires, summamque

v irtu tam postu lat . Q uad si nebis fortune inviderit,au t nos fortitu de dafacerit , stigmosi turpissimique

l Rationm t, method, or plan.

” It was an universal custom,

both in anciant and modern times, on the eve of an expected an

gagement, for commanders to address and haranglm their troops, in

order to spur them on to deeds of valor.

sJussis generalibus, in general orders.” Thesewords, although

good Latin , sound rather strangely to a classic car, in consequ ence

of the infraquency, or, rather, total absence, of such an idea amongthe ancients.

O Viv-tide, courage,”valor

, or military prowess ; rarely to be

taken in ameral sense, in this work.

s

58 wasnrsor om r vrr a.

apud homines omnes arimus. Justitia, igitur,causa , auxilioqua divine frati, ad facinora magna

at pra clere nosmet accingamu s. Popu larium om

nium ob eculos nunc varsam ur, quorum pra conium

laudasque faremus, si forte tyrannidi, ab hestibus

intentata ,‘aes aripiamus : hortamur, igitur, cives,

animesque’ mu tuos nobis invicam addamus, at

gentibus omnibus salu tare documentum , virum

liberum ,solo natali pro l ibertate certentem, quevis

servo cenductitie au t letrena'melieram at supatie

rem assa, pra baam us.

Congressos constan tia civium an imes ardere

raplavarat : Senatus ille eudax, mensis Qu in tilis‘

die quarto, enno m ill esimo septingentesimo septus

gesime sexte ab Christe nate, colonies fmdaratas

Americanas, L IBERAS, su rnames, su rsou s VIRIBUS

INNITENTES esse. decravit.—Ducas Anglici Insu

lam Lengam‘eppugnare censtituunt : quamobrem ,

Augusti die vigesime secunde, enno supra dicte,copies omnes axposuarunt ajusdamqua mensis

die vigesime saptime, prime luce, pra lium, ab

t Interstate , threatened.”

3 Airlines, courage,”spirits, animation.

8 Latrone, a hired soldier,”or mercenary,

” which is the orignal and proper meaning of latro ; it afterwards came to imply a rob

ber, cut-throat, &.c.

s Quintilis, ofJuly,”so called from the numeral adjective quin

tus, the fifth, reckoning fromMarch itwas afterwards called Julius,fiom Julius Ce sar.

s Insulam Longest, Long Island,”separated from New-York

by the East River.

0W ,“they landed ;

” de scribes understood.

wssm rro'

rom r vrrs . 50

Hessianis, copus Garmenicis conductitiis, commis

sum ; tandem, cum din acriturqua pu gnatum , Bri

tanni victeras discassé ra. Amaricanorum tria

ae pra lie dasidarata quorum due m illia

ca se , pars au tem raliqu e capta . Ex parts Anglica,trecan ti fareintarié ra.

l

Co wssrmtor erm vr'rs.

CAPUT SEXTUM.

ducibus Schuyler at Montgomery , Congressu s statu it .

Morbo dacem Schuyler ab exercitu decedere cogente, im

captam est .—Arnoldius copias in Canadamper deser taducit .Urbem Quebec espugnare conantur duces Amer icans

'

Montgomery et Arnoldiua—Interfectas est Montgomery ,

Americanique ad deditionem adeoti sunk—Ducis Mont

Wasrrm o'

rom r vitam lagantibu s forsitan haud

ingratum , fecerim , siquomodo resAmericana diver

sis in locis sese habuarint ; qu a qua ab du cibus

aliis exercitus fa darati gasta sint, pau cis‘ axpe

diam . Ticonderoga, Maiimensis die dacime, enno

m illesimo septingen tesimo saptu agesime qu into ab

Christe nate, a tribune lagionis Am eldio axpu g

nate Hec propu gnacu lum magnum ad lacuum

Georgu at Champlain conflu en tam situm ast, ideo

qu a cemmaatum Novum Eboracum inter at Cana

dem tanat . Am oldius secunde hec pra lie aletus,

ed Congressum literas, in quibu s previnciam totem

Canadansam duobus hominum m illibu s sese pace

Paucis,“in fewwords,

” briefly : thusTerence, paucis te cab ,”

that is,“solo (alloqui) is (in)paucis Iwish to speak afate

wordswith you.”

wasnm or em r vr'rs . Cl

turum confirmavit. Ingemi qu adam vehementia,

bellum Canada insolie ultro inferre suasit ; at,

qu oniam litas Britanniam inter at Colonies latida

serare nolabat Congrassus, in provinciam istam in

cursro, m pra sentia, dilate.

Cerlatenius, aqu as Anglicus,‘ Canada Guber

nator, ed Ticonderogam racuparandam animum

in tendit . Ad milites conscribendos, aosque in hes

tes educandos, au ctoritate ragiaarat munitu s.

Incola Canadanses, tamen , sese invitissimos ad

certamen ineundum pra stitarunt . lntarea vim

Inderum megnam coagarat copia , qu emvispauca ,rei m ilitaris paritissima arant ; colennsque fa de

ratis erat, qu ed tanti ingenu , tan tiqua u sfis mili

taris, virum matuarant . His da rabus Congrassus

certior factu s, provinciam istam vi magna invaders

dacrevit : que ex dacrato, tria hominum millia, ad.

Canadem pacendam ,du cibu s Sch uyler at Ment

gomery , a Congressu m ittabantur . Ad lacum:

Champlain tandabent, indequ a nevibus ad Sanc

tum Jeennem,’

pra sidium primum Britannicum in

Canada.

Expositis‘ militibusAmaricanis, propu gnacu lum

r Eques Jinglicus,“an EnglishKnight thiswas SirGuy Carla

ton , who, to the greatest valor and military repu tation, united the

most consummate humanity and generosity to the vanquiM d : two

q ualities which shou ld ever prapondarata in the character of those

whofollow theprofession of Alma—Ewes,ormiles, ismodern Latin

for a knight.

s Sanctum Im nam.

” “St. John’s.”

8 Especitis,“being landed ;

” de nevibus is understood.

l ‘

63 wasnmoronrr vrr s.

obsidsbant, qued, tamen, Prastenius, pra factusAn

gliene, fortissimedafendit. Morbo ducam Schuy

ler ab sxercitu decadara cogen ta, imwrium ad du

cam Mon tgomery dsvenit, qu i tam acriter aggarsm

obsadit, u t, pau cos intra dies, propugnacu li potitus

sit. Capte loco iste, ed Mentam n ium ‘cum

exercitu victors Mon tgomery parrsxit. Cum op

pide apprepinqu arat, pauca Britannica copia , qua

pra sidio fuaren t, in salu tis spam nevas petié rs at

a tribune Easton, qui manipu les nonnullos ductm

bat, que minus fiuvium nevibus dascendarant, im

padiaban tu r. Dux Prascotiu s cum plu ribu s pra

factis, can tumqu e vigin ti m ilitibu s gragarns sass

dadidarunt ; Duxqu a Americanu s, pra sidio edMon

tam n ium ralicte, ad u tham Canada pra cipuam

quam meximis itinaribus con tandit.

Tampors que victoriam Montgomery tern acriter

sectaratu r, previncia Canadensis ab hosts non m i

nus ac Montgomery forti in tarritoqu a patabatur.

Mills hom inum de axercitu Amariceno Cantabri

g ia tu ne temperie apud Novengles censidan te,

a Weshingten io ad Cenadam pecandem m issi

Hicos man ipu lu s tribu ne lagionis Arneldio detus,

qu i copies itinara nondum tantete per dasarta duxit :

diflicu ltetes megna qu es hic manipu lus par tri

ginta dies subiit, fare inexsuparabilas fu é ra.

Flumen Kannabackium lin tribu s factis ascends

runt, at adversu s fluman nevigara coecti. Me la

t MontemRegium, Montreal,” in Canada.

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64 wasnmsrom r n u .

vicere —Nuribusque’ provincia istius erat, quod

heroi gratias agerent, qu i virtu tem st honorem

mu liebrem incolumem servasset .

Nonis'Decembribus, anno Christimillesimo sep

tingentesimo septu agesimo qu into, Montgomerius

in conspectum Quebec pervenit. Oppidanis dedi

tionem imperavit, at pra sidium, in sum , qui man

data ferebat, torm enta bellice displosit, nuncium

que intra ma nia admitters recu savit. Summa

hyeme instants, obsidionem solvsndi, au t, ma nia

scandendo, oppidum expugnandi, necessitatem sibi

impositam perspiciebat. Dux Carletonius, contra,

adeo oppidum munié rat, u t cives ad fortissime t e

sistendum , omniaqu e extrema patiendum , incitaret.

Oppidum , porro, istud, natu re. m anuque egregie

srat munitum ; oppugnatorumque exiguas nume

ru s ; gubem atorisque ea fu it vigilantie, u t pars

qu a que diligentia maxima cu stodiretur. Mont

gom erius, au tem, omnes gloria m ilitaris ideas, qua

maxima fortitudinis temporibu s vigu é re, possedit ;

I mm , prevailed,” triumphed ; tak en absolutely .

3 M us, Ste. Anglioe, and the ladies of that province had

reason to thank the hero, who had preserved entire the virtue and

honor of the females.” The sentence being somewhat elliptical,may be thus supplied : (mgotium) erst nuribus istius M usic,

(propter) quad, Ste. See what has been said on M an , in a pre

l N ona, the nones of December the nones, from m an,“h e,were the seventh day of March, M ay, July and October ; but the

fifth day of the rest of the months, thus,»Nona Dccm brcc, the

fifih day of December.”

wasm ssr omr vr'

n . 65

au sorumqu e m agnorum aviditas illa, intrepiditate,

qu a pericu la omn ia nihili pendere monebat, fove

batu r. Sciebat, enim , copias, quas tum du ceba t,

qu ocunqu e via monstraretur, summa alacritate

secu tu ras : u rbsm , itaqu e, expugnare, au t decoram

petere per vu lnera mortem , decrevit .

Sub mensis Decembrie finem , anno supra dicto,ad expu gnationem , prima lu ce, exercitum duxit,

u tqu e a mu lationem copiis provincialibu s injicerst,oppu gnatio du plex erat, qu arum una, a m ilitibus

Novanglicis, Arnoldii du ctu , al tera a copus Neo

Eboracensibus, quas fortissimu sMon tgomerius du

cebat ipse, facta. Sem ita, quaMontgomerio copi

isqu e su ccedendum erat, perangusta fu it, et, quo

niam , virtu te maxime eximia opu s fore sciebat, in

hoc molimen fortissimos quosq u e viros slsgerat .

Inter largissim um nivia imbrsm ad oppu gnationem

processit : prim is clau stris‘ captis, in hostes cum

copu s irru it , pu gnam qu e cominus conserers matu

ravit . Clau stra secu nde, qua ad urbis portas’

recte, ’ du cebant, m u nita firmo pra sidio, militesque,

l a cuna-is. By this we underuani in ths present passage,ban iem ”

8 Park s. Gates,” from the simple trani tiveverb park , I carry

because the Romans in ploughing round the site of an intended city,

(which was the case when they wished to found a city ,) always

carried the plouglt over t/am ple“: when they intmdcd a gate should

be hence, the name.

8 An adjective noun of three terminations, agreeingwith the substantive via implied ; it is placed here, M g, and signifies.straightway,

”or directly.

”

66 wasnrnsrom r vrra.

qu i‘ tormenta majora in Americanos subeuntes

disploderen t, ibidem collocabantur .

Montgomeriu smagno impetu processit, omn ique

armorum ignivomorum tormentorumqu e genera

petitu s, procubu it ipse, una cum pra fectis pra si

pu is. Du cis occasu copia adeo exanimata erant,

u t sese fu ga mandaverint. Interea tribu nu s ls

gionisArnoldiu s nihilo seciusalteram oppidi partem

acerrimeadoriebatu r. Clau stra tormentis’ plu rimis

majoribu s munita invasit expu gnavitque, at hoc

certam ine m ilites mu l tos am isit, adeoque graviter

vu lneratu s ipse, u t de loco, ubi pu gna consereba

tu r, asportari cogeretu r. Pra fecti ad qu os imperium devenit,apu gnando fortiter haud destiterun t,clau straqu e altera expu gnaverun t. At obsessi, si

mu l ac exigu um oppugnatorum numerum per

spsxeran t, in novissimam aciem incu rsionem fece

runt, Americanosqu e vicissim pu gna lacesssre ca

perun t. Copia colonica nunc undique circum

clu sa tenebantu r, st torm en tis omnibus bellicis

corpora obnoxia' pra bebant ; attamen per horas

tres, certam en‘ iniqu um fortissime su stinu eru nt

l Q ui, 8m. Anglics, who should discharge (to discharge) the

cannons on the Americans coming up.”—I choose to use tormen

tum, (a general name fbr all military engines,) for cannon, ratherthan a term of modern latinity, less classical.

s Tormentis,“he attacked and carried a barrier, defended by

several cannon.

” See what has been said on the noun “m u tant,in preceding notes.

s Cones-is, exposed,” liable,

”subject.

4 Certamen, Sta , the unequal, or disadvantageous contest.”

wasnmcr om r vrr a. 67

u squ e dum , vu lneribu s confecti, ad deditionem

adigersntu r.

Ha cAm ericanorum clades insignia epem omnem

Canada site pacanda procu l amovit . Nsmo, qu i

bello civili unqu am mortem oppetiverat , Mon tgo

m erio magis defletu s. Ills dux inclytu s,‘ ds l ema

oriu ndu s, anno Christi m illesimo septingentesimo

trigesimo septimo, au ra a therea primum vesceba

tu r. In exercitu Britannico, qu em fortissimu s

Wolfius du csbat , stipendium primum meret i ca pit,annoqu s m illesimo septingen tesim o qu inqu agesimo

sexto ab Christo nato, secundo Mar ts, ubi nunc

suprem um obu t diem , in Gallos pu gnavsrat. Bello

confecto, propsNovum Eboracum habitavit, ubi

uxorem2 duxit . Adeo ob integritatem hensaudie

bat , u t sum diplomate' cohortis du ctoris fa derata

rum coloniarum Congressus dignarstu r : qu o ho

nore sese dignissimum pra stiterat . Dum in exer

citu Am ericano stipendium mersbat, nsmo plus

il lo colonns profu it, au t pro libertate fortius dimi

cavit.

1 12k , life. That renowned leader.” Montgomery enjoyed therare felicity of being respected by both friends and foes. TheBritish

officers, both in Canada and England, regretted the fal l of that commander. Congress, also, passed a very honorable resolve resp ot

ing him, and voted him a monument, to perpetuate his valor.s Uxorem.

“He married a wifs z” literally, he led, or conducted

his wife, (home,) M um being understood. Of the woman was

said, N ubo, which signifies, I cover , or said.

0 Diplomats,“with a commission of a leader of a cohort.” His

08 wasnmerosn vr'ra.

CAPUT SEPTIMUM.

Ad Washing tonium redit m afia—Erm ine: American s,

post pugnam in Insuld longd factam , animo outfit—AdCong ressum scr ibit Washing tonius.

—Octog inta leg ions:

com a-ibi d Congressu decretum

—Britons: Nw e Eboraco

potiuntur .- Ad n iumpontempra idium com titu it Warb

Hs-zc de rebu s, alns coloniarum fa dsratarum

du cibu s gestis, dixisse in pra ssntiasufliciat : nunc

ad rem nostram revertamur —Vitam , enim ,Wash

ingtom l , non res gestas Americanas perscribere

decrevim u s : qubd si al iqu id, ab al iis gestum , me

woretu dignum incidsrit, non est consilium tale

facinas silentio pra terire ; u t juven tus nostras‘

nonnihil, quod amu latione dignum sit, habeat.

Post pu gnam in Insu la Longa factam , de qua eu

pra msmoravim us, exercitu s Americanus in dies

deterior est factus : fiduciam , enim , quam in vir

tu te sua, su isque du cibu s habu srant Americani

penit amiserun t . D ifi cillim um, enim, imperatori, post cladem tam insignsm , verbis virtu tem’

l

s Virtu ous 4c . Anglios,“for it is very difi cult fi r a somman

der, afier so sip al a defeat, to sdd oourage or spirits to his soldiers

by words.”

wasm sor om r vrra. 69

animosve militibu s adders. Ha c, au tem , sexto

post pu gnam die, ad Congrsssum scripsit Wash

mgtonius.

Conditio nostra miserrima est. Damnum ‘a

manipu lo nostro acceptum copias omnes nimis

sxanimavit, animosque timore st desperations rs

plevit. Militia, cum summis viribus ad fortitsr

rssistendum niti oporteret, trepida, in tractabilis,dom umqu s remeandi avidissima est . Mu l ti non

nunqu am tu rm atim , sa pihe au tem m anipu latim ,

dom um jam ebiere. Ha c res sola, etsi ab aliis

infortun iis sejungatur, satis injucunda forst ; at

cum considero, m ilitia exemplum partem exerci

tfis altsram infscisse, st disciplina imperuque om

nis detractationem totum exercitum invasisse, spes

nostra mul to asperior : omnsmque’ fers fidu ciam

in copus amisisss, summo m e dolore confiteri afi

cit . Ha s omn ia, ssnten tiam , qu am sem per sum

secu tu s, plans roborant : nul lam , nempe, fiduciam

in m ilitia aliisve copus non in tempus diu tum iu s,quam leges nostra fsrunt, conscriptis, collocari

posse . Compertum habso, libertatem nostram ps

riclitatum iri, ne dicam, perditum iri, nisi ejus de

1 Dam ien , the loss our detachment sustained in the action on

Long Island, fought 97th August, 1776, and in which W ashington

(i d not take an {immediate part.

a Omnemquc, d-c. Anglics,“and it afi cts me with the u tmost

pain to confess, that I have lost almost all confidence in the troops.

”

N . B. Militia, ia tia, will be taken for the Eugldsh word militia

70 wasnrrmr orm vrra.

fensio copus, qu ibus stipendium ‘ perpetuum solvio

tux, mandata fuerit.”

Q uatuordecim diebus, postqu am litsra istis

Washington ii ad Senatum scripta eran t, octo

gin ta legiones, qua per bellum totum stipendia

m srersn tu r, conscribi s t in unum cogi, aCongressu

decretum . His in rebus, quam m inimo’ hom inum

dispendio tempu s terere, u t in annum proximum

exercitus conscribendi . spatium darstur, plu rimum

Amsricanorum in terfuit . ‘ Washingtonio, usu‘

edocto, bellum“depellere satius visum . Recen tis

exitu spra lii, pedem referendi, patria tusnda cause,

commodum indicavit : sese famam ign avia iner

tia que cedendo‘ subitu rum , probe scisbat —at

apud Washingtonium patria amor omnia. visit eu

peravitque. Q u o ex consilio, Novum Eboracum

vacu are, qu ando sine exercitus pericu lo defendi

nsqu iret, decretum . Britonss Insu la longa potiti,

copias ad con tinentem 7 Novumvs Eboracum , pro

arbitrio, tra31cere potsran t. Washingtonius, copias

Britonss exposituros supra se, exercitum qu e com

mes tu st re frumen taria in terclu su ros, au t denique

l Stipm dium, the pay allowed to such as served in war.

a M inima, d-a , with the least loss ofmen.

”

Inter-fuit, &c.,“it concerned the Americans very much.

”

0 Um , &c., taught perfectly by experience.”

a Bellum, &c., to act on the defensive,”(are, (l patria, d civil i s

scilicet.)s Cedmdo,

“by retreating.”

r Contincatem, the continent,”or

“main land,” ten-em ban g

understood.

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78 wasnrnsr ortu vru .

summoquedolore totum manipu lum terga dantem‘

conspexit.

Ha ces fuga turpissima copiarum delectarum ,

animoWashingtonii, u tplu rimum tranquil lo, tu rbas

tempestatemque excivit. Ad libertatem Ameri

canam tu endem consilio purissimo manibu squs

lotis appropinquans, turpem hunc rsceptum , pa

tria exitium minitan tsm, summo dolore viderat.

Plurima Congressfis, exercitus, incolarumque dicta

recordatus, illorum fugam tu rpem, prioribu s liber

tatis laudibus, honorisqu s pra coniis comparavit.

Victam patriam , exercitfisqu s dedecu s, liberta tem

pessundatam , st Am ericanos, m inoribu s’

jactatores

visum iri magnos, jam animo prospexit. Bono

rum publicatio,’st majestatis‘ imm inuta crimina

mu lta, animo tu rbato occu rsabant. Respublicas

recena‘ constitu tes st ordinatas, su i defendendi

facu ltatsm habsntes, pra claramqu e libertatis epem

propositam , solo a qu atas‘vidit ; talesqus rem

publicam adm inistrandi rationes sis impositas, qu a

anim i hum ani vim coerceant et reprim an t. In

dies, porro, magis m agisqu e angebatur animu s,

repu tando, huju scs infelici sxitu certaminis, pos

l Tcrga dantem,“retreating literally, giving their backs, (to the

enemy,) hostibus being understood afisr dm tem.

a M inor-lbw ,“to posterity natu, or estate

, being understood

thus Virg. Utcunqueferea t eafacts M om .

”

0 Benomm publicatio, the confiscation of estates, or goods.”

4 M ajestatt’

s, 4m ,“many charges of high treason.

”

s Ream , an adverb, newly,” lately,

” t a.

0 Solom ons,“levellod to the ground.

”

wassmsrom r vru . 78

te tosavindicando semetipsos in libertatem in e ter

n um deterreri.

His rebus al tius montem penetrantibus, capitis

pericu luml post snorum terga, hostiumque ante

acism primam, equ o in hostes verso, al iquendiu

fecit ; sperans, scilicet, hujuscs dici dedecus, ho

neste morte, adversisque vulneribus’ vitari posse.

Eju s adju tores' in sxercitu , fidslesque amici cir

cumstan tss, illum, qu asi vi, recedere coegsrunt.

Eorum precibu s‘st dexteritats, vita, qua , ob ia

fam ia metum , a stumque irarum , props certa neci

addicts.videbatur, ad majora pa tria commode.

reservata. Hujuscs diei turpis exitus Novi Ebo

raci derelictionem maturavit. Hoc minimo ho

minum damno psrfectum , at omnia torm enta

majora, parsqu e impedimentorum , ciberia, appa

ratus bellicu s, st tentoria, necessarib sun t amissa.

Deficientibu s ten torns, frigu s brum ale, quod jam

instabat, exercitum ad summ as engusties deduxit.

Britonss, Novo Eboraco potiti, an te urbsm exerci

tum ducebant, castraque per totem insulem Ebo

r Capitis periculum, Q-c.“He hazarded his life behind his own

men,” 8m.

9 Aden-risque sadneribus,“by wounds in the front,

” which indi

cated that they were received whilst facing the enemy ; whereas,averse vulnera, wounds in the back, were dishonorable, inasmuch as

they must be received in the act of fleeing from the foe.

4 entreaties, and address, a lifs,

74 wasnm srortrr vrra.

racensem transverse fecerunt, navibus‘ longis la

tera defendsntibu s. Washingtonius pra sidium

firmissimum ad Regiumpontem’constitu it, eo con

silio, u t sibi commeatus abu nde foret.

Huju sce pontis in fron ts, props exercitum Bri

tannicum , manipu lum firmum , castrie fossa vallo

qu e munitis, constitu it. Ists sxercitu’

um duorum

situs Weshingtonio valde arridebat cupieba t,

enim , copiis novitus hostibu s' fron tsm advertendi

consustudinem facere. Sperabat, etiam , vslita

tionibu s crsbris edeo belli psricu lis assu etas eas

redders, u t, ob patriam pugnando, vu lnera m inus

timeren t. Occasio pericu lum ‘ faciendi cito oblate .

t N aeibua, 4m. Men-of-war defending their flanks an abl.

s Regiumpontm K ingsbridge,”near New-York.

Hostibua, 4m, to inure his raw troops to face the foe,” 8m.

4 Perladum. trial,”or experiment.

wasm rtsrorm n u . 75

CAPUT OCTAVUM.

—Propugnaculum Washing tonium cspugnatum est—Propugnacu lum Lee eacuant Americani.—Com oallis per No

eam Cesarean; Washing tonium persequitur .—M l itss

Amer icani, stipendia emeriti, pcrplures domum f edera te

Dus Lee captus est.—Congressu iPhiladelphiam relinquere,

Baltimoriamque r ecedere, satis: visum.

Postqu am sese Novo Eboraco Am ericani rsce

pet en t, velitatio primam inter Britannorum acism ,

nonnu llasque c0pias Americanas, h pra fectis

Knowlton et Leitch du ctes, facts est. Hi pra fecti,

ants signa fortissime pu gnan tes, occubu é re . Or

dinum du ctores,‘ in loco, ubi pu gna comm issa,

constenter m ansben t , hostesqu s dare tsrge, om

nesqu e in partes difl‘

ugsrs , coegerunt . Ha s vic

torie primam ab Am ericanis, ex quo’ Washing.

ton iu s imperium sibi sumpserat, reporteta.

‘

Ut virtu ti teli pramium majus esset, nocte inse.

qu enti, tesssre Leitch fu it,‘ militssqus, qu i sese

t Ordinum duelares. The captains literally, the leaders of

s E: que,“since,

” (tanpore being understood as an antecedent

to que )8 Reportata,

“was gained ;” for reporters etctorism is to gain a

a Tm m Leitchfutt,“the watchwoud was Leitch ;

” in order to

76 wasnmororm visa.

pu gna has insigniverant, Washingtonius pro con

cione leudavit . Virtu tem sorum capiarum fu ga

nupera composu it, st dixisse fertu r, hujus cer

taminis exitum, quan tum fieri possit, dumm odb

pra fecti militesqu e pro virili‘nitentur, argumento

esse et denuoomnes obsscratus, no causam de

coram , que versebentu r, dehonsstent.

Howe, imperator Britannu s, Washington ucom

meatu s a civitatibus sois intercludere ope summa

nitsbatu r. Huju sce rei cau se, exercitu s rsgiu s,

non procu l a com itetu 2 Csstriensi, sxponebatu r, et

pau lo post, propius Americanas copias, quasi dimi

candi cau se, processit . Velitetionss pauca inter

u trumqu e exercitam fiebant ; at copiis'universis

confligsrs nolu it Washingtoniu s, nisi commodum

aliqu id, au t loci Opportunites darstu r. Consilium

Americanos post tergum invedendi, crebris oestro

rum mu tationibus, fru stratum est .‘

Howe, imperator Britannu s, spe priori destitu tus,totem belli gerendi rationem mu tars decrevit. No

vam , deincsps, Ca sersam , invaders aggressu s est.

Q uo consilio cognito, flu vium ‘septentrionalsm

who gal lantly fell at the head of his command. Tesscrs comes from

the Greek cardinal adjective, signifyingfour, from its shape.1 Viv-ill, (scilicet, parte,) according to their u tmost ability,

”or

power.

a Comitatu, ac,“ the county of West-Chester ;

” from Gastric,

s Copiis,“with all his forces he declined a general action.

a I-‘mstrstwn est, was frustrated.” Taken passively.

wasmasr osu vrra. 77

W ashingtoniu s trajecit. Ad Gul ielmum Living

ston ium Ca sarea Nova Gubsm atorem literas

scripsit, in quibus m ilitiam ad fines tu tandos evo

cari, pecora et omnia, qu a ad victum pertinersn t,

ab ore maritime amovsri ju ssit suasitque. Sub

hoe tempus, propugnaculum Washingtonium ex

pu gnetum , pra sidiumqu e, quod ex ampliils duobus

hom inum millibus constabat, unh cum lagionis

tribuno l Magaw , aBritannis captum .

Nu llum , pra ter hoc, pra sidium insula Ebora

censi erat Am ericanis, idqus diu tius tenere, vacu

andi’ recipiendique rationi m axims contrariam

fuit. Megna Washing tonium spss tenebat, hocce

pra sidium defendi posse ; navesque Anglicus, qua

fluenta septentrionalis navigate consuevsran t, ab

hos propugnacu lo impediri posse confidebat . Hoe

propugnacu lo capto, aggarsm Lee,"litora Ca serea

situm , vacu are dscretum : at priusqu am apparatus

hellions amovsri pots t at, Cornwallis, Comes‘ Bri

tannus, cum sex hominum m illibus flumen septen.

trionals trajecit . Hie fluvius Ca sersam Novem h

Neo-Eboraco dividit .

l Lsgionis h-ibtmo. Colonel Magaw, the commanding ofi cer of

Fort W ashington , on York Island, was certainly carsurable in

surrendering that post ; as, by a gallant defence, it was tenable

against it.

s Vassar-ct, 4a ,“was especially repugnant to the plan ofsvacu

n gerssc s.

4 0mm ,“ An earl or count ; so callsd becam e they acoum

78 wasnmcr om r vrra.

Washingtonius pedem‘rstrb tu lit, st ad ripas

fluminisHackenseckii consedit. Locu s, qu em jam

occupabat, isti,’ qu em reliqu erat , fers sim ilis fu it

intersepiri, enim , flumina in ter Heckensack ia ‘ st

Passaica, facilepoterat. Appropinqu antibus igitu r,

hostibus, sese Novem Arcam ‘recepit, ubi aliquan

diu commoratus, quasi cum Comite Cornwal lis, si

Opu s fuerit, dimicatu ru s ; at ob exercitus infirm i

tatem , Bru nsvicum ,‘ die, quo, Com es Cornwallis

Novem Arcam intrerat, sese contu lit. Brunsvico

copies castra movers ju ssit Washingtoniu s, m ani

pu lumque pra m isit, qu asi cum hostibu s confligen

dum sit. Nec locum hunc priil s reliqu it, quam

Britannorum acies prime in conspectum venerit .

Dom inus Stirling,‘ hostium motu s observandi

cause, Princetonia relictus est, cumqu s copus reli

quis Trentoniam Washingtonias tsndebat : ubi

gradum sistere" constitu it . Scaphae omnes st

navigia, qu a ad ripas flum inis Delawariensis deli

gata sun t, colligi s t custodit i ju ssit, impedim ents

qu e st omnem belli apparatum trans flumen con

Pedem, Q-c, retreated.”

s Istt, (sciliwt, loco,)“to that (place).

s The Hackensack and Passaic, two rivers ofNew-Jersey.

a M ount Arcam, Newark,” in New-Jersey.

s Brunsetcunr,“Brunswick,

”or, as it is sometimes called, Nsw

Brunswick , al so in Jersey.

0 Dominus Stir lhrg,“Lord Stirling,

”a brave otiicsr in theAmer

Grodwm sisters, to make a stand to halt. It seems to have

been the intention of W ashington, at this period, to haz ard an ac

tion, ifwarranted by circumstances.

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80 wasnrnor osu vrra.

rant, refecerunt, Bordentoniamque firmum mani

pulum pramiserunt. Id ideo fiebat, u t trajectus

facilior, et Washingtonium vexandi facul tas m ajor

asset, u tpots qu i, unds primam peteretur, omnino

nesciebat.

Pu tnam ,’ dux Americanus, intersa, munitioni

bus aggeribusque a Schuylkill ad Delawerum

usque flumsn faciendis qui pra ssest, h Washing

tonio imperatore missus est . Parva mu niments ,

ed vada custodienda, tsmers'extructa : st oppi

dulum Gsrmanicum,‘ haud procu l aPhiladelphia

situm , locus copiis ad conveniendum maxim e ido

neus, si hostes flumen translsssn t, Americanosque

castris exuissent, aWashingtonio edicsbatur.

Hicos per Ca saream Novem receptus, Ameri

canos difiieultates omnes, st veria pericu la , subire

coegit. Rebus adversis undiqu s premsbaturWash

ingtonius. Cum omnia oircumspicerst, satis pra

sidii nu squ am sperare poterat. Fortune adverse

spe bone nu lls, levabatu r. Diflidsns, at non desperans, tribunum legionisReed sic compellasse dicitur.

l Uncle, Q's , whence he might be first attacked.

”

s Putnam, doc. M eanwhile Putnam, an American general, was

se nt by W ashington, the commander (Qf the forces,) who should

take charge of (topreside over ) the defences and ramparts , thatwereto be made from the Schuylkill as far as the river Delaware.0 Tamers, at random,

” hastily.

”

s Germanium ,“Germantown,

” distant about five miles fiom

Philadelphia. This was selscted by Washington as a suitabls

place of rendezvous, in the event of the ability of the British to cm

the tiver, and gain possession of theAmsrican encampment.

wasnuvur orm van . 8!

Si ad partes Pennsylvania extremes recede.

m u s,num Psnnsy lvanos nobis opitulaturos credis l”

Cu i legionis tribunus Reed respondiese fertur“si

comitatus inferiores‘ subacti ac dediti fuerint, co

mitatu s alii in host ium ditionem pervenisn t.” Tune

Washingtonium dixisse feru nt : AdVirginia par

tes extremes nobis recedendum est mu lti, ad nos,

salu tis cau se, confu gsre cogsntur, st, qu id bello

pra datorio fieri posait, psriclitandum ; at’si nobis

fortune invidsrit, montss Allsghanienses postremo

su perandi.”

Hoc in recepta , equ ite tu s st tormen ta majora

uniuscujusque fere generis,Weshingtonio defuere.

Peu cos in tre dies, post propu gnacu lum Washing

tonium sxpugnatum , pedem referreca perunt Amer

icani. COpierum rscedentium pars magna, de sis,

qui propu gnacu lum hoe tu ebantu r, conflata . Hi

ex aggere isto tam subits pedem rsferrs cogeban

tu r, u t tentoria, lodioss, st coqu inerie vase, neces

sarib reliquerint.

Ita armati, et vestiti, sa penumero etiam pedibus

nudis incedentes, ineunte hiems, per regiones,

deditionis quam renixus fortis amentiorss, iter

fecers . His incommodis circumdati, nonaginta

m illiarium iter fecerunt, eoque in spatio conficiendo,dies undeviginti insumpserunt , u t euxiliis expec

tatis temporis satis ad conveniendum darstur.

l W WW “,“the lower counties.”

s

88 wasnm c'

rorm vr‘ra.

Cum per civitates au tem iter fecsrsnt, nulli fers

ad sos sese recipieban t, mu ltis, interim , ad Bri

tennos confu gientibu s.

Parvum agmen , qu ed recedere inceperat, sti

pendia feteemeritum , in dies imminueba tur . Tem

poris, apud exercitum manendi, jam exitu s insta

bat u tqu s‘ diu tiu s stipendia mereri psrgan t, haud

u llis precibus au t minis induci qu ivers. Appro

pinqu ents hosts, imperatorsm dessru é rs . Militia

Psnnsylvenisnsis ed prim um u sque diem Jenust u

mensis apud exercitum m ensre debebet, at domum

revertendi cupido tante incessit, u t, eorum prohi

bsndorum coé rcendorumq ue ca use, pra sidie firme

ad omnes fsrs trejectus disposite fusrin t.

Legiones dua Ticonderoga sese recipere, st cum

Washingtonio egmsp conju ngere jam dudum ju

bsbantur : at ineunte mense Decembri, stipendia

m ereti desierant. Nom ina igitu r apud imperato

rsm denu b profitsri abnusbent, omnisqus ad unum

domum ebiere. Dux Les, qu i copus sois pra fu it,flumen septentrionale trej l csre, ssque cum exerci

tu receden te aggregare aWashingtonio sa penu

m ere jubsbatur at jussis haud obtsmperavit dux

ists . Cum procu l at h suis, et ab hostibus abesse t,

h Britannis circumven tu s captu sq u e fu it.

Res ha ccs su spiciones genu it, illum , desperate

Amaricanorum cau se, ad Britannos psrfugisss.

I t u , dye , and that they would go on to serve in war.”

wasnmcr orm vrra. 83

E tsi ha suspiciones inanes eran t, sedsm, tamen,

m ale , as si vera essen t, peperete .

Eodem fere t empore, Philadelphiem rslinquers,

Bal timoriamque recedere, Congressu i satiusvisum .

His u rgentibu s difficu ltatibus, Washingtoniu s, ta

men , interritu s permansit . De salu te publica,haud unqu am desperavit . Constan tia invicta, sem

per idem m ensit, st exercitu i vu l tum serenum st

trenquillum perpetue pra stitit . Nihil, qu od hosti

ofiicsre, eu t exercitum civesqu s bot tari et animate

posset , ab illo pra termissum . Exercitfis statum

m encum atqu e debilem , equ itetu , torm en tis majo

ribu s, st pra fectis peritis a que carsn tem,’ Con

gressui summo studio demonstravit su ggessitque.

Milites, in breve tempu s conscriptos, fers inu tiles

esse docuit.

Hesse res' Congressum sedu le st summopere

m onuit sed, ns aliqu em la dsrst, subjecit ; me

tu s timorqu e ne fame perdatu r, as bone publi

cen tur, no libertes in discrimen aliquod vocstur,

me incu lpetum ac purgetum , vestro judicio ao

sen ten tia, exhibehu n t : -u tque nonnu lla, incoa

su lto Congressu , agere st conficsrs sibi licsrst,

l Pra stitit. Showed,”or exhibited.”

Car-m um, wanting,” “destitute.

” W e consider this parti

siple as agreeing with statum in the accusative ; but, perhaps, it

might with some propriety be placed in the genitive, to agree with

8 Hares res, 413.“He reminded Congress of (as to) these mat

ters.” A mode of expression, in imitation of the Greeks, the as

cusativs of the thisg being governed by a propositton implied.

84 wass rus rorrrr vrr a.

poposcit ; at, ne, venia iste sibi a Congressu con

cease, nonnu lli sum imperii nim is avidum esse

ducerent, subjecit : se imperium nunquam cu pi

isss, vehementissimequ e occasionem gladii in vo

msrem rscudsndi expecters. Attamen , imperato

ris munus sibi diram necessitatem imposuisss, ne.

minemque difi cu ltatibus pluribus au t majoribus

unquam reluctatum.

wasmusr orm vrra. 86

CAPUT NONUM.

Subsidia em perors studst Washing tonium—En n is“ cui

Hessianos, mil ites conductitios, superat Washing tonius.

Phil adelphzam victor redit .—Amsr icanis, post victorious,apes bell i faustissimc . Urbsm M erriam ossupatWash

ing tonius, quam postea rslinqusr s soactus ssh—Princeto

cum rscsdit.

Hrs rerum angustus Washingtonius summa

ope nitebatur, u t subsidie s t euxilia quam prim ilm

comparentur. Duces Mifiiin st Armstrong, civi

um Pennsylvaniensium expergefeciendorum cau se,

missi. Tribu nu s legion is Reed, ed Livingstonium

Nova Ca sarea guberu atorsm , qu i m ilitia N00

Ca sarea evocationsm ssdu lb suedsret, item a

Washingtonio m issus. At has monita tam salu

tarie fsre irrita fu é re. Qu indecim millia Philap

delphiensium in unum conveners, st Washingto

nium versus iter facere sa peront. Etsi horum

plerique del icatest molliter degers assueti fuerent,

tsntom s,tamen, st stebulis, sa ps etiam sub dio,

noctsm , summa hiems , treduxé rs .

Duos Lee capto, exercitus, cui Lee pra positus,imperium ad Su llivenum , pra fectum insignem ,

devenit. Hicca pra fectus, imperatoris jussu , men

86 wasrrrrts 'rom r vr'ra.

nipu lum , ad locum , qub dux Les copies perdu csre

prorsus abnu erat, é vestigio deduxit. Sub hoc

tempu s, Washingtonn exercitu s, septentrionalium

copiarum accessions, aliquantu lum adau ctus fir

metu squs.

ExercitusAmericanus jam ex septem hom inum

m illibus constebet, etsi, dum sese per Ca sareas

rscipsrsnt Americani, istius numeri fsrs nunqu am

dimidium exa quavit sorum exercitus. Flumins

Delaware interposito, duo exercitus seju ngeben tu r.

Britonss, rebu s sscundis elati, cOpias per omnia

fere oppida st m u n icipia Ca sarea distrexé rs

qu ippe qu i in Pennsylvan iem propedism trej rcere,

pon te glaciali, confideban t.

Quorum de situ st mu ltitudine simu l ac nun

cius acceptu s,Washingtoniu s dixisse fertur,“nunc

ales pra cidsndi, dum tam late dividu n tu r, occasio

Opportuna nobis oblate .

”Q uocirca flumen Dele

wers denuh trajrcsre, hostesqus ad ripem daminis

al teram aggredi decrevit . Mensis Decembrie dis

vigesimo qu in to, sub noctsm ,tripartitb, flumen

trajicisndi, consilium cepit perfeoitqu s : st omni

exercitu vix tandem a gerrime transm isso, bipar

tith agmen inceders ca pit, st, qu emvis diversis

itineribu s ad hostes con tenderent, sodem , tam en,

temporis pu ncto, omnes in hostium conspectum

veners. Etsi jam plans lucescsbat, ‘ hostes, te

r Laeescsbst,“it was daylight an impersonal verb.

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88 wasnrsur om r vrr a.

‘

su isque in tentoriis contubermrsque‘clade ingenti

afi cers, miracu li porten tique instar’erat, sum

mamque la titiam per colonies omnes é vestigio

excitavit .

lmperatori, qu i tam insigniter nomen America

num virtu te extu lerat, succurrsre et Opitu lari cuncti

certatim properabent. Strenui gnevique, qu i mili

tiam svocerent, in partes omnes statim dim issi

m ul tique, qu i jam stipendia fers emeriti fu srant,

exigus. condu cti mercede, apud exercitum diu tius

mansre, st pro patria pu gnando vu lnera martia

pati, haudqu aqu am embigsban t.

Captivis in custodiem treditis, Washingtonius

denub fluen ta Delaware trajecit, Trentoniamque,municipium in Nova Ca sarea situm , occupavit.

Exercittls Britannici manipu li plu rimi Princetoniaconvené re, ubi agmen, quod Brunsvico iter modh

fecsrat, ducs'comite Cornwallis, sese cum eis‘

conjunxit. lmperator iste,“ Trentoniam versus

iter facere ca pit, Americanosqus, dis Januerrr sscundo, pau lb post meridiem, enno Christim illesimo

septingentesimo ssptuegssimo, fortissimeeggressus

l Contabem iis, soldiers’ quarters in which sense it is taken

by Ca sar, Depositis in sontubem io ments, vellum relinquebant.”

s Instar, like,”or as large as.

” Thisword, erroneously called

by some an adverb, is, in reality , a norm substantive indeclinable,aud is always found in the sccusative case, the prepositton sd beingunderstood.

s Dues, are , Earl Cornwallis (ea-id eals) being leader.”

a Eis, (marripulis nemps,) the detachments.”

s lmperator iste, that comm u ter,” (i. e. Cornwallis.)

wasm sur os rr m a. 80

est . Amaricanorum acies prime recedere cogsba

tur, attamen , insequentss hostes rivu lo qu odam

tormen tisque nonnu llis , h longine procedendo, im

pedieben tur.

Sic, exercitus duo, in qu ibus spes opesque u tri

usqu e popu li erant sita , oppidu lo quodam ,parvoque

rivu lo, qui vadis, nonnu llis in locis, transit i potst at,dun taxat seperebantur. Exercitu s, interim , Bri

tannicu s, ab opsre cessavit , st ad redintsgrandum

pra lium paratu s, expeditusqu e, stabat .

Washingtoniu s, in tarsa, occasions u tena, impe

dim ente ‘ clam eufsrri, ignssque crebros, qui spe

ciem manendi hostibu s pra bersnt, eccendi jussit ;st in tempesta nocte exercitum subduxit, magno

que itinere Princetoniam contendit. Tunc pra

tectorum consilio militari habito,‘ in quo pra l

iari, Philadelphiamqu e, si fisri potu it, incolum em

servers , decretum , Prin ceton iem summo mane per.

ven it , tresque lsgionss Britannicas ibi positas pro

cu l dubio oppresserat,‘u i m anipu las, qu i iterTren.

toniam versu s tu ne temporis faciebat, Americanos

conspicatu s, nu ncios qu i comm ilitones es. de re

certiores fecersnt, pramisisset.

l Impedimenta, baggage”of an army ; fiom the active verb im

pedio, because the conveyance of ham generally retards celerity,

or rapid movemen ts : the verb impedia, is compounded of the pre

position ia and pas, a foot.

3 Prrefecton sn, 4a , a military council of his ofiicers being then

held.

”

8 Oppresserat, would havedefeated three British regiments, nu

Oppra serd is here put fiir opp'

essisset.

B 2

90 wasnrrtsr erm vrra.

Princetoniam copus Amsricanis adventen tibus,

aoiesWashingtonn media ab Anglia acerrime pe

tite , et sese fuga mandat e illicb ‘ coacts . H iscs

in engustus, Washingtonius ad su os edequ itavit,

in tsrqu e Americanos fugientes, hostesqu s inse

qu entss, medium sese obtu lit. Ducis precibu s st

sxemplo tandem incitati, et pudore revocati, resti

tsrun t,’ telequ s in hostes invicsm vertsrs , st pugne

cos lacesssre ca perunt Americani. Et qu emvis

Washingtoniu s, aliqu andiu inter aoies du es de

pra lientss constiterat, nihilominus incolumis intac

tuaqu e evesit : sum , enim , ad m ajora servat i vo

luit ca lum .

Hec in pra lie, copia Britannica fortissimedimi

sebent, tantam que pra stitsrunt'virtu tem , quantam

viros fortss pro eris st focis csrten tes, pra sese ferrs‘

condecu it. Lsgienum una, qu am Mewhood, tri

bunus Anglicus‘ du ctabet , Americanorum mu lti

tudins interrite, adversarios sicis pra fixis adeb

acriter edorti, u t Washingtonn ordinss psnitils, st

ubique, psrtu rberen tu r, et ed locum vu lgaritsr

l I llico, forthwith,”a contraction of in and lose.

s Restiterrmt,“resisted,

”or made a stand ; the perfect tense of

resists now, resisto is compounded of the inseparable preposition

rs, again, and state, i. e. starefacio.

s Prastiterunt, t9e. And showed as much valor as,”h e.

s Ferre,fem pra sese, to show or exhibit,”(literally, to bear or

carry before oneself )

s Tribunas, 4m ,“an English colonel.

”

wasnmsromr n u . 9!

M aidenhead nuncupatum , incolumes fere ad unum

perrexé re .

‘

Alia: legiones duaa, sine mora, au t incommodo

u llo Bru nsvicum perven é re . lmperator, tamen,Britann icus, hoc tam improviso repentinoqu eWash

ingtonu n isu ’ adeo vehem enter exturbatus, u t

Tren toniam reliquerit, cumqu e exercitu universo

Bru nsvicum contenderit. Ita uniu s spatio mensis,

omn is CaesareaeNova: pars illa, Brunsvicum inter

et fiumen Delaware posita,‘

a copus Britannicis

occupata , iterumque ab Americanis recepta et re

cuperata fuit. Omnibus in locis, quas Washingto

n ius ab hostibus receperat, firmis praesidiis relictis,‘

cum reliquo exercitu recedere, et impedim en ta ab

hostibus tu tari, satius visum . Resqu e gestaa‘anno

Christi m illesimo septingen tesimo septu agesimo

sexto pau ca, Novo Eboraco“ excepto, commode.

Britannia attu l é re .

l Perrexérc, proceeded,” the perfect tense ofpa ge.

3 N in e, effort,”attempt, or endeavor ; a verbal noun of the

iburth declension, from the deponent verb nitor.

3 M ia, dc ,

“strong garrisons being loft in all the places,

” &c.

4 Basque gasta , the military operations,”exploits,achievements.

8 N ova, 4m ,New-York excepted,

” that is, except the capture

of that city by the British.

CAPUT DECIMUM.

Ab exercitus atraque malam assa.—Washing tomz clog

-inn .

-.Bellica Americanorum instruments , variis locis, copia»:

Bfl tanni.—Hostium mora .- Br um vicum contendit Wash

ing tonius .—Philadelphia , for tissime resistentibus M

armis, ab haste ”pugnam a t.

DUM hsec gerebantu r, mala plurima exercitu s

u terqu e perpessu s. Militum Americanorum plu res,

calceamen tis egu é re pedibu squ e nudis per aspera

incedentes, vestigia cruore m u lto ac sangu ine, u t

plu rimum , signaban tu r. Vestes quoqu e ad frigus

ercendum haudqu aqu am sufi aieban t v ixqu e in

exercitu omni unum inveniripoterat tabernacu lum

tentoriumve adeo, tam en, du ci suo dediti addicti

qu e eran t, u t haec tam gravia, tamqu e in toleranda

infortu nia animo aequo‘ tu lerint.

Ad hoc, eorum fiduciam ’optimo ju re meru it

Washingtonius ; st in m ilites eju e benignitas, afl'

a

bilitasque sermonis, ad mala, quoqu e, omnia simul

cum militibus subeu nda alacritas, virtu squ e in re

bu s ardu is dubiisqu e, m imm in modum ,m ilitum

t E quo, patient,”contented ; this adjective often signifies level,

untamed, tranquil, &.c.

a B ducim n,“their confidence ;

” that is, which they reposed in

Washington.

n u ance-roan n u . 98

stu dia an imosqu e‘ in eum accendit. Pra liis apud

Princetoniam Tren toniamque factis, Annibalis va

fritiem , cum Ca saria virtu te conjunxit ; be cque,dc quamodom em inimus, Victoria, etsi haudqua

qu am incruenta fu erat, vehementer, tam en, liber

tatis Americana amicos arrez it.

Mense’ Martio, anno Christi millesimo septin

gen tesim o septu agesim o septimo, Du x Howe,

q u ingen tos milites, tribu ni Bird duetu ,‘ munimen

torum Americanorum , haud longe‘ aNovoEboraco

distan tium , destru endorum cau se, misit. Frustri

Washingtoniu s, armorum publicorum cu ratora ,‘

ne im pedimen ta aliudve, u llo loco, quo hostium

nevibus aditus esset, deponerent, sa penumero

commonefecerat. At eos sero delicti errorisque

pa nitu it.

Pau lo post, Tryoniu s, dux Anglicus, cum m illi

bu s hom inum du obu s, Novo Eboraco solvit, Rem

pu blicamqu e versus Connecticu tensem ou tsum

tetendit, u t bellice. instrum enta, et apparatum

Americanorum ibi deposits, summflque incuria

l Animas, their affections.”

a M enu, Q-a ,

in themonth ofMarch 1777. General

l Tribum’

Bird ducts , under the command ofColonel Bird.

4 Haud longs, the place whither this detachment was ordered

was Peekskill, about fifty miles from the city of New-York .

l Armor-um, Qt , by these officers are here meant, the commis

saires for arma means not only m m ,but also tools, implements,

of any kind ; Virgil uses arms , in the following line, for the tackle

94 wasnmor omr Vin .

custodita, caperet. Hostas, mu ltis vu lneribus ao

ceptis et illatis, plu ribusqu e laboribu s et dimenl

tatibus summo. virtu te, ct patientiamira, superatis,voti compotes tandem facti : mu lta, tamen, vu l

nera accepts, dum sese ad naves recipiebant.

Etsi ver jam feré exactum fuerat, exercitus,

tamen , Britannicus in aciem venire, hostesqus

pra lio lacesssre, apparatu castrensi deficiente, ne

qu ivit. Ha cce hostium mora, ad bellica instru

men ts, apparatumque omnem expediendum paran

dumqu e,Washingtonio tempu s, otiumque, pra buit.

Etsi imperio extra ordinem ‘a civitatum fa dera

tarum Ama icanarum Congressu , voce u nahones

tatu s fuerst, con tinere,’ tamen , eos, qu i nom ina jam

dederant,‘ qu iqu e stipendia jam pen é meru eran t,

‘

difi cillimum factu reperit .

Ut, tam en , diu tius apud exercitum maneren t,

pauci a pra fectis su is a gerrime indu cti ; plu res,

tsm en, pra du cis amore,‘ in arm is esse, patriam

qu e tueri et defenders haudgravaban tu r. Magnum,

certe, apud popu lares‘ Washingtonu nomen m ul

tum sa pe alias profu it : nunc, au tem , qu in domum

1 Extra ordincm, extraordinary power,”or command.

2 Continere, to keep or hold together.

a Nmnina jam dedcrant, who had enlisted as soldiers.”

4 Q uique, -c.,“and who had now almost completed the term of

their enlistments see what has been said on the noun stipendium

in preceding notes.

8 Pm ducis amora,“out of love for their general.

”

0 Populan s, 4m , his great reputation, at least, with his country

men.

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90 wssumsr om r vr'rs.

CAPU'

I'UNDECIMUM.

ristoniam reeedit Washing tonius.—Res diflict

'

les quibus

circumsessus est imperator Ameri canus .—Quosdmn dsuo

numero ad exercitas statum inspiciendmn mittit Cong" :

sus.—Foedus cum Ludovico deeimo ses to, Gallartu rege,

initum est .—Ph£ladelphiasn vacuefaciunt Britanni—Insulam Rhodensem Gallicis et Americanis coptis ezpugnsrs

pests: dirimit .—Canadam invaders statuit Conga

-su ns.

Contrd monet suadetque Washing tonias.

INTERIM , civitatibu s feré omnibu s mediis potiti

st an t Britann i, qu um septentrionalibus provinciis

res majores accidebant . Bu rgoyne, dux Britan

nu s, qu i bellum lacubus‘ et provinciis proximis

gereret, cum veteranis qu ibu sdam copus, missus

est .’ Ticonderogam cepit, laouqu e Georgio' lus

trato, castra ibi ad flum inis Hudson origines po

su it . Hic, au tem ,

‘ du cis Britanni impetu s a for

tissimo Gates coercitus pra l iisqu e duobu s Marts

vario‘ factis, decirno septimo die Octobris, Christi

l Laeubus, the lakes on the Canada fro ntier.

s M in us est, Q-c.“W as sent, (who should conduct the war,)

to carry on the war on the lakes,” St e.

0 Lacuque Georgia, Q-c. Lake George being traversed,”(that

is, by him.)4 Hie, firm, but, here.s Marts osrio, with various success.”

wasnm e-rom r VITA. 97

anno millesimo septingen tesimo septu agesimo sep

t imo, sese unacum exercitu suo dedere coactu s est.

Victoria ha cce per civitates Americanas uni

versas gaudium ingene excivit . Gen tes popu liqus

EurOpa i, at maxim é Galli, qui pra judicio nu t in

vidia Britannorum gloriam jamdudum avebant

imminu i, cladis huju sce nuncium ‘ la tissimé ac.

cepereu Mu lti fortissimi peritissim ique cohortis Hi

bernica pra fecti, colon iarum fa deratarum Ameri

canarum tu endarum cau sa, nom ina u ltrodedere.

‘

Pla t es, sane, Galli, nobiles dom i,’

pro libertate

Am ericana sese insigniveran t. In his pra cipuus

fu it Fayette, Gallu s nobilis. Hicce adolescens

fortis, undevigesimum‘agens annum , Americano

mm partes“amplexu s, ad libertatem eorum ,~tu en~

dam, insita ad gloriam cupiditate, nobiliqu e ad

l andsm impetu , im pu lsu s est .

l neu nte anno m illesimo septingen tesimo septuap

gesimo septimo, m ense Janu ario, Morristoniam , op

pidul um Nova Ca sarea situm, u t exercitu i nudo

perfu gium pra beretu r, Washingtoniu s secessit.

Hie,“ tamen , m u l tis incommodis circumsessu s cir

cumventu squ e fu it . Militum American orum nu

m eru s, pra7 hostium mul titudine parvu s erat ; etsi

Maneiam,

“the news of this defeat.”

s N omina ultrbdeder e, enlisted voluntarily .”

l Mobiles domi,“nobleman at home,

” that is, in France.

4 Undeeigesimum, &c., in his nineteenth year.”

6 Pas-tes, espoused the cause of the Arnericans.

l Hie, here,” that is, in Mon

-istown , in New-Jersey.

1 P m,“in comparison with in proportion to.

l

98 wasnm er om r vi sa.

hostes, juxta ac‘cives Americani longsaliter a sti

maban t. Error iste, a Washingtonio, qu ippe qu i’

mu l titudinis magna speciem'

pra bere aveba t, con

sulto fovebatur. Pra fectis, in locis, quo hostium

copia m inimo accedere poterant, dispositis, com

meatus invicem ‘ facillime dabantur . Error, quo

qu e, quo laboraban t hostes, de veromilitum Ameri

canorum numero, Washingtonium ejusqne exerci

tum ab omni impetu hostili tu tum securumque

reddidit.

Dum regionem illam passim lu strabantur copia

colonica , Britonss popu la tum exeuntes vexabant,

intraqu e fines exiguos sese con tinere cogebani.

Yelitation ibus nonnu llis duos inter exercitus alia

quandiit factis, hiems reliqua traducta est .

Etsi jam antea, hoc libro, satis mul ta de hujus

anni rebu s gestis dicta sin t, pau ca, tamen, disse

rere, et pau llo altiils qua dam repetere, tempus

admonu it . Magna eran t diflicu ltates cum quibus

conflictandum erat Washingtonio, ob exercitum

susten tandum ac vestiendum . Ha , au tem , non

sola eran t qu a heroi nostro, hoc tempore, u ndi

qu e instaban t. Pennsylvania et Ca sarea Nova

cum enixé et m agnoperé flagitaban t, u t hostium

incu rsiones a dom ibus su is propu lsaret . His in

civitatibus plures fuere, qu i damnorum pristino

l Jua'ta ac,

aswell as.

”

s Q uippe qui, since,” i. e., as one who, as being one who»

s Speciem, the show,”or appearance.

4 Cosm eatm, 4m,“communication to andfro.”

wasnm ar om r was.

‘ 99

m m memores, et pericu lum ob hostium proximi

tatem capiti‘ au t fortunis timen tes, cuju svis opes

con tra il liu s potentiam crescere maleban t, adeoque

prajudicio ac invidiaca ci fieban t, u t cu lpa et incu

ria Washingtom l , omnia mala, qua obtingebant,

evenisse et accidisse aieban t . Q u i’ leges apud

Pennsy lvanos, tunc temporis, potestatem ferendi

habebant, (cc, quod, forsitan u rbis primaria capta'

pigebat, ) u t‘ Washingtonium in hibem a ire, et

exercitum sub pell ibu s,‘seu tentoriis, ob frigna

brum ale, qu od jam instabat, collocare et ponere

volu isse auditum , m ul tas de cc res dictu fa des

ad Congressum scripseru n t, palamqu e tu rpin do

illo efi'

u tire, et pra dicare haud dubitaban t.

Q ua omnia invicta quadam anim i vi facil

lime edomu it, inimicosqu e fateri tandem coegit,

omnia qua acciderant , nec ab u llo, Deo optimo

maximo excepto, provideri,‘nec si proviso. essent,

prohiberi poterant . Nunc ad res gestas Christi

anno m illesimo septingen tesimo septuagesimo oc~

tavo enarrandas nosmetipsos accingamus.

l Capiti , their lives.”

a Q ui, Q-a ,a periphrasis for the Pennsylvania legislature.

”

l Urbis, &c., their chief city,”viz . Philadelphia, taken” by the

enemy .

4 U “when (as soon as) it was heard.”

6 Pellibus, hides” or skins ; put here for tents , for al though

the modem s do not construct. their ten ts of hides, yet, to a Roman

car, the word is appropriate and cu stomary ; inasmuch as, the R0

mans made their tents, often, of hides. See Casar’s Commenta

ries, &.c.

0 M a i, to be foreseen,”anticipated.

lw in stru m en t was.

Sub anni posterioris‘ nnem , ad gnaviter acriter.

que bellandum , heros noster nil infectum’reliquit.

Ut tot m ilites haberent Americani, quot Britannos

habere jam exploratum compertumqu e fuerat, ve

hementissime a Washingtonia fu it elaboratum.

Quosdam e suo numero selectos, qu i una cum

Washingtonio exercitus statum inspicerent, in cas

tra delegavit Congressus. Rationem ,‘eis, exhi

bendem curavit Washington ius, quaomn ia, ad ex,

ercitum alendum , vestiendum , armisqu e ornandum

necessaria, accu ratissimed emonstravit . Ut -stipem

dium pra fectis, qui de patria bene mem erant , in

posterum‘

proferretu r, ac propagaretu r, enixé con

tendit . Stipendium , u t m inu s a quo,‘ pra sertim

fide‘ imminu ta, illos edocu it ; m ala, item , plu rim a,

qu a tam pra fectis quam m il itibu s gregariis, hocce

hello, communia fue l-an t ; plu rimos, etiam, fortss

viros, qu i sese"magistratu au t jam abdicaverant,

au t propediem abdicare cogerentu r, ob illorum

beu los posu it .

Ha c adeo salu taria monita eh gratiora tam ci

1 J uni posterior-is, the former year, via , 1777.

s Infectum, undone,”unfinished.

s Rationem,a method,

”plan , or system.

4 Posterum, &c., (nempe, tempus) might be prolonged and ex

tended in fatm'e.”

s Ut, doe ,“as being unreasonably small ;

” literally,“as is.

than what was just.”

s Fide, (public) credit being impaired alluding, doubtleu , to

the depreciation of the paper currency.

1 8m , 4m, who had already resigned their afi ce,” he.

wasnmcr om r vr'

u . 101

vibu s quam m ilitibus esse debebant, qued stipendiin il sese accepturum au tumavit Washingtonius.

Rerum ‘ Americanarum scriptores gestarum, suh

hoc tempus, fa dus cum Gallorum Rege, Ludovico

decim o sexto, ictum , enarrabunt. Cujus finderianun tio accepto, Britanniam qu e perlato, Rex, Con

ciliumque Regni Ang lici publicum , sese omnia

Americanis, qu a paulo ante abnu erant, concedcre

et condonare dixsre.

Conditionum harum , aBritannis tiim primiim

oblatarum,nuncium primum aTryon , duce Bri

tanno, qu i tunc temporis Eboraco Novo pra fu it,

accepit Washington ius. Conditiones ista , a Bri

tannie demum oblata , qua ,“si matu re au t tempes

tive data essent , pacem duas inter gentes proeni

dubio servassent, propere a Congressu popu loqu e

Amwicano sunt repudiata .

Eodem fere tempore, Gu l ielmus Howe, eques'

Britannu s, imperio m ilitari sese abdicavit, Britan

niamque est reversus. Henricus Clintonius, eques

qu oque Britannu s, qu i ei su ccesserat, vix‘ad mu

Res-um, &e. ,“the writers of the American exploits, will relate

that a treaty was made about this time with,” &c.

s Q ua (scilicet conditiones) which, if they had been made earlyor scasonably , would have doubtless preserved.

”

8 Eques by this term is here implied, a knight, who, in modern

Latinity, is cal led miles, or eques. The term is analogous to the

English word, Sir, as a mark of nobility. Thus, Gu lielmusHowe;

eques, means Sir William fl ows.

4 Fit , 4a ,“had scarcely set about the performance of his duty,

when he was ordered to evacuate Philadelphia.”

I 2

103 wasarrtcr ortrr via-a:

nis. obeunda sese accinxit, cum Philadelphiam

vacuefacere jussu s fuit. Q ua vacuefacta, plu ri

m isqu s levibu s pugnis hostibus at tritis vexatisqus,

exercitum Washingtoniu s, Ca sarea Nova, haud

longsamari aliquandiu continebat.

Classis Gallica, cujus expectatio BritannosPhil

adelphiam vacu efacere cosgit, sero‘ ad bellum

hostibus infersndum advenit Eboracum , qu oque,Novum expugnare, au t omnino bello appetere,

incommodum , st 3. re longs alienum est visum.

Ad propu gnacu lum ab hostibus a dificatum , st in

Insu la Rhodsnsi situm , Gallicis st Am sricanis

coprrs in u num ’collatis, sxpu gnare satiu s visum.

Q uo constitu to, Su llivanu s, dux Americanus,

qu i copias pedestres duceret, a 'Washingtonio est

missus. Cum'

paulum abfu it quin hostium opera

sxpugnaren tu r, classis Britannica in conspectum

venit. D’Estaing, Gallu s nobilis, qui Ludovici

decim i sexti classi p ra fu it, u t cum hosts qu am

prim ilm confiigsret, navss solvit,‘st in altum est

provectu s at tsmpsstas tanta subito coorte, u t

classem al teram Eboracum Novum , al terarn Bos

toniam , sese recipere, navium rsficisndarum cau sa,

coegsrit.

Cum classes amba e conspeotu jam ablata , st

in al tum proenl a term provecta fu issent, Sulliva

l Serb, 4m , arrived too late to act on the ofi’snsive.”

8 Unum (scilicet locum ) being united, or combined.”

Cum, Q-c. When the enemies’ works were nearly stormed.”

6 News soloit,“set sail. and stood out to sea.

”

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IOC wasnmcr oru r vr'ra.

niamm ‘ fa deratarum Americanarum consilium

Congressfis erat, enno insequen ti, Canadam , in

gentibu s copus, terramat iqu e simul invaders .

Consilium hocce Canadam invadendi concep

tum , et pensperfectum erat, inscioWashingtonio.

Ut’ ad Benjaminum Franklin, philosophum cla

rissimum , qu i, so tempore, rsipublica Am ericana ,

apud Parisios, vicem gsrsbat, litera , has su per re,scribersntur , h Congressu Washingtonio pra csp

tum . AtWashingtonii mcns provide tantum faci

nus‘ tam sxiguis copus suscipsrs rsnuit. Q ua

propter ad Congressum , literas, hes ds rs, exaravit,

in quibus ab incepto tam psricu loso cives dissuaait.Washingtonii, igitur, consilio tandem probato, ab

incepto destiterunt, qu ippe quod plus laboris et

pericu li, qu am gloria au t fructos u llius, habitumm

esset.

r Coloniarum, so.“It was the design of the Congress of the

confederated American colonies.” The verbal noun Congresses,

througiout this work, is, emphatical ly, and by way of eminence,confined to theCongress of the then colonies,now the UnitedStates

ofNorth America.

s Ut, &c., literal ly,“it was directed by Congress toWashington

that a letter,” &0.

s Q ui, &c., a periphrasis for an ambassador to the French court.4 Facinus this substantive, fiom the verb facio, is a word of

rather an ambiguous import, meaning, sometimes, a generous, gal

lant, or noble action ; and, sometimes, a base deed ; it is, bov eva'

,

generally taken in a bad sense.

wasnm sr onrr vraa. 100

CAPUT DUODECIMUM.

Bpes pacts magno secu rita te Americanos-ran m issus:

menta annua tardissimé pm bentur .—Legiones Nand Cc

sared conscripts: Washing tonii imperio deb u tant—Al

net-is caritas .

-P ropugnacu lum , West-Point nuncupatmn,admi ri para t Clintonias .

—Ab hoe au tem preposito decob

dens, ad Rempublicam Connecticu tensem iter intendm

constituit, illamque reg ionem vastat.

NUNc res anno millesimo septingen tesimo ssptuagssimo nono gestas tempu s sxplicandi. Hic,

‘

et insequ sns annus, 11q re memorabili gesta,

tranent. Civitates, Gallorum“societa te anima te ,

hostes, su ccessu desperato, certamen tam iniqu um

detrectatu ros rata ,

‘ssgnihs rem issiusqu s agere

ca perunt : has spes inanss esse Washingtonius

snixe demonstravit literis, en im , qu es ad Con

gressum m isit, pacem longs abssss, samqu s‘ab

an im is hostium prorsu s alienam esse, sedulo edo

l Hie, life ,“this, and the following year, passed, without any

thing worthy of mention being achieved the years alluded to

here, are 1779, and 1780.

s Gallorum, eta ,

“encouraged by the alliance of the French.

”

s Reta , 4m , supposing the enemy,dsspairingnt'

success,would

decline so unequal a contest.”

Em . it.” M 59: Pet“

100 wasnmororm vru .

Ut supplem ents annua,‘omnisqus, qu a ad

exercitum alsndum su stsn tandumqu s apts foren t,quam primam fisrsn t, psrarsntu rque, summ opsre

institit tan ta, au tem , hominum animos men tes

qu e invaserat secu ritas,‘u t, monitis tam sslu tari

bus sprstis, vix tandem impelli qu ivit Congressus,

que imperstorem‘ m ilites iterum conscribere Jus

ssrit . Parata,‘

qu a ad bell um enno insequ enti

gerendum necessaria fuere, tardissime procedsbantet‘ cum exercitum in arm is esse, bellumqus hosti

bus inferre oportu it, nihil aliud qu am parata de

crstaqu s nonnu lla, ad m ilites scribendos, factum

est Aerarium quoqu e ad summum inopia de

du ctum : qua res imprimis magnss in sxercitu

difi cu ltates concitasse videtu r .

Qu in irno, legiones Nova Ca sarea conscripta ,

Washingtonn imperio non sudisntss, qu um iter

facere, ssssqu s cum alters exercitus parts conjun

gere jubsbantu r, prorsas abnu sbent. Q uo facto,

Maxwell , dux Americanu s, literas ad Washingto

nium m ittsndas cu ravit, in qu ibus’sum csrtiorem

l Supplements annus, recruits th r the year.”

s Summopere institit, he vehemently insisted.

”

s Seem-itas,“indifference

,

”carelessness, apathy.

t Impemtorem, M o, to direct the commander-in-chiet; (Wash

ington,) again to enlist soldiers.

”

s Parata, doe , the preparations whichweremaking for conduct

ing the war, the following year,” that is, 1780.

s Et, rte , and, when the army ought to have been in the field,and in a condition to act on the offensive.”

t In guilme, (scilicet literie,)“in which letter.” N.B. Liters in

wasnm ar omr vr'ri . 107

fecit, lsgionum serum prafsctos omnes, tribune

su o dixisse,‘

nisi Ca sarea Nova con silium pub

licum qu srslis inju riisqu s su is remedium finemque

posusrit, sese triduo irnpsrio militari, quod h Con

gressu accepsrant, procu l dubio abdicsturos.”

A t Washingtonius, qu i infortunia maleque plu

rima, qua exercitu s Americanu s, mira cum pati

entiA, din) perpessu s fu erat , probe scisbst, pra fec

torum ’ istorum con silio tem erario vshementissimh

fuit commotus ; qu anqu am , enim , exercitus que

t imonise ju stas esse cognovit, m aid, tamen , qua

in patriam’ manatu re ex tam temeraria tamque

inconsu lts du cum sententia forent, snimo canto

planejam prospicisbst.

Itaqus, rem tantsm anim o din) sscum ipse volu

tans, literas, quas serum lsgionum pra fectis exhi

bsat, ad Maxwell, ds qu o modo mentionem feci

mu s, misit ; qu ibu s in literis, am ici‘ du cisqus vice

fungsns, m ilitibu s pra fectisqu e Americanis su per.

biam' insitsm , virtu temque“ qu am sa penumerh

the plural, means a single letter or epistle, written from one person

to another, on any business, or occasion .

I Dir isse, Q-e,“had told their colonel, that they , unless,

” its.

a Prafectorum, &c.,“by the rash measures of those cfi cers,

” (ofthe New-Jersey regiments.)l Patriam, do , which would flow upon his country.

”

s Jimici, (9's , acting in the capacity of their friend and general .”

6 Superbiam, this noun is here taken, as in many passages in the

best classic writers, for that lofiiness of soul, and contempt ofbase

ness, which should ever constitu te the most prominent trait in the

character of those who follow the profession of arms.

s Virtuternque, valor,” bravery.

108 wasnm e'rom r vr

'rs

'

.

arduis in rebus . jsm an tes pra stitersnt, concitare

est conatus. Nil,” inqu it, quod mihi u nqu am

accidit, tam graviter ms pigebst, quam charts a

pra fectis istia ad consilium Nova Ca sarea publi

cum m issa .

”

Ut pau cis absolvam , pra fsctos illos, qu anqu am

pertinscissimein senten tiaa liquandiu psrstitsrant,

mirs Washingtonii afi'

abilitas, constan tia, comitas

que sermonis, ad m unis ‘ ofiiciumqu e suum per

brevi rsdirs coegeru nt . Mihi quidem in primis

difiicils vidstrl r, constantiom s’ in civium sfl'renam

libidinsm licentismqus coercendo, an contra hos

tes acie pu gnando fortior fu erit, dignoscsrs.

Ad hanc pra fsctorum nonnu llorum defectionem ,

aliud accessit malum ; exercitu s, nempe, Ameri

canu s, non vsstibu s modo idonsis, verum etiam

victu necessaria indigebat. Annu s, etiam , messes

lsrgas, frugssqus amplas, libertatis propu gnatori

bu s invidsbat. Agricola , porro, vomersm ' in gla.

dium converters sa pe cogsban tu r ; fidss,‘ quoque,

publica adeo infirm a era t, u t nihili psnders tur ;

adeo, deniqu e, m agn ie difiicu lta tibu s circumven

tu s erat Washingtonius, u t cibaria qu a dam , exer

l M ania, their duties,”or employment.

s Constantiorne, &c.,“whether he may have been more uniform

in restraining, 8m or braver in fighting, 8m.

”

s Vomerem, the ploughshare ; that is, to abandon agricultural

pursuits, and assume the habits and costume of a soldier ; a com

mon figure.

4 Rdes publica,“the public credit ;

”alluding to the depreciation

of the paper-currency.

wasnm or ouu vru . 109

citfis alendi causa, magistratu s poscere, nocessi

ta te temporum dira, sa pe coactus. Alihs, cibario

rum inopia, man ipulos diversas in regiones qui‘

victum necessarium vi et armis pararent, m ittere

cogebatur.

Subsidium ' hocce tandem quoque defecit re

giones, enim , exercitu i proximm, victum militibu s

necessarium m inistrare prorsus abnegfirunt. Mul ti,

enim , coloniAmericani, Britannorum sociorumqu e

swvitia excitati, et Washingtonu comitate et leni

tate capti allectiqu e, omnia ad victum necessaria

u l tro‘ dedere. Washingtonio, igitu r, qu em an te

hac tu torem defensoremqu e populares‘ duxerun t,

au t exercitum dimittendi, au t vi et arm is cibaria

parandi, necessitas dira imponeba tu r. Exercitus‘

cum cibaria, cives libertatis bonorumqu e defensio

nem poposcé re .

Exercitfis necessitudin ibu s subven ire, civesqu e

inju ria non afiicere, in prim is erdu um videba tur.

Disciplinam, porro, m ilitarem apud exercitum , li

1 Magistrstus,$3, “to demand, or call upon the magistrates forcertain provisions, for the purpose,

” &.c.

s Q ui, 4-0. (scilicet ma tiptdi) which (detachment) should prom ",

s Subsidium, succor,” that is, the mode of procuring supplies,

by making forcible requisitions on the citiz ens.

4 Ultra, of their own accord,”spontaneom ly ; that is, withou t

any compulsion, or restrain t.

l Popular-es, “his countrymen.

”

O Exercitas, &c.,“the army called upon him for provisions, the

“0 wasnm s'rom r n u .

beris‘ ex hominibu s, maxima ex parte, confiatum ,

dlfi cillimum semper fuit : apud exercitum omnibus

necessam s rebus nudum expertemqu e, vix m orta

lium est. In hfic rerum difi cu ltate, ita sese gessit

Washingtonius, u t m ilitibus, juxta ac civibu s caris

sim us sit factus. Nu lla, itaqu a, res memorabilia,

exercitu tam nudo, tamque male necessam s om

nibua rebus instructo,’geri poterat.

Hostas, con tra, qu i Novum jam Eboracum ali

asque regiones .

impune tenebant, et, quocumquo

libu it,’ liberrime vagaban tur, omnibus rebus no

cessams plen é ornati instructique, hominum mul

titudins longé prmstaban t,‘atque terrorem maxi

mum , qu acumque incedebant, incolis incu tiebant.

Hmcce militum inmqualitas‘ad flumen Hudson

clarissim é est perspecta ; quum , enim , du o ez er

citus castra movere cmpissen t, Britanni flumen tra

poere, copiasque in unum‘conferre facillimé pote

ran t, Americani, au tem, oh'

numerum exigu um,

nil magnum ordit i, neque longine a castrie prodire

audebant.

Liberia, «is ,“composed, in a great measure, of freeman.

” It

was, most assuredly, eminentl y diflicult to restrain such an army,and reduce it to habits of military discipline.

s Instructs, furnished,”provided, or equipt.

s Q uocumque lilmtt, whithersoever they pleased,”or had amind.

4 Prastabsat,“exceeded (the Amer icans) by fi r, in the number

of men.

”

s Ha cce militam im qualitas, this (numeral) disparity of tho

soldiers.”

0 Unum, (loom )“into one place or body ;

” to unite tbem.

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l l ! wasnmor omr Vin .

u it. Etsi nihil magnum tam exiguamanu gerere

poterat, vigilan tia, tsmen ,Washingtonii tan ta fuit,

u t hostes, quacumque ratione poterat, vez ere haud

destitit . —Ludovicu s‘ decimus sextus, Gal lorum

rex, Americanorum partes am plexus, eos militibus,navibu s, et pecunia plurimum adjuvit.

n Ludm icus, so. Louis the Sixteenth, king of France, havingespoussd tho side of the Amsricans ; tho gsnerous and seasonabls

aid sfl’orded by this monarch to the Americans, ought ever to com

mand and secure the applause and gratitude of all lover-i of the

wassmor orm vru . 1 13

CAPUT DECIMUM TERTIUM.

mus primate, secumque afl'

er t seditionem g raver»legionisPeam ylvaniensis militam .

—Ad ofi cium tandem sedition

isti milites redeunt.—Bellum in Carolina acer rimegerm—Pm l ium Gu ilfordiem e.

—Eboraci apud Virginim es

absidia .—Comitis Cornwallis exercitusqueBritannici dedi

Fonn ssr. haud longé a re nostra alienum crit,

qu as res Americani, Christi anno millesimo sep

tingentesimo octogesimo primo, prwstiterun t, pau

cis disserere. Anno superiore, nihil memorabile

gestum . Hie, au tem , annu s, de quo nu nc agi

mus, seditionem gravem apud m ilites legionis'

Pcnnsylvaniensis secum attu lit . Die Jannerii pri

mo, tredecim m illis m ilitum legionis istius, in se

ditionem apertam erupé re : ad Congr

processu ros, et, 1118] in]u rns remedium satisfactio

nem que impetrfissent, militiam penitus detrectatu

ros dictitantes.

Wayne, dux Americanus, qu i legioni isti prseerat,

seditionem compescere’ incassum nitebatur. Om

Legionis, 5am, of the Pennsylvania regiment,”or line ; who

were generally natives of Ireland, and, al though not bound toAmsr

its by the accidental tie of birth , yet were ink rior to none in valor,

or in ardor for the cause of liberty .

s Sedition »; comp osers,“ to quell the mutiny.

”

J 3

1 14 wasnmor om r vru .

nes Princetoniam versu s, unh cum sex torm entis'

majoribus bellicis, iter facere cmperunt . Om n ium,

qu iz postu lfirun t, literis scriptis, ad Congressum

rationes’ m iseru n t ; Quibu s in literie petebant, u t

stipendium , sibi jam diu debitum , é vestigio'

pen

deretu r ; u tqu e stipendium in posterum omnibus,

qu i nom ina‘profiteri perseverarent, salvum pre

staretu r.

‘

Legionis Psnnsylven isnsis praefecti, Congressus

pars qu aedam ,et de consilio Pennsylvaniensi pub

lico delegati nonnu lli, seditiosos m ilites istos in

gratiam cum pre fectis redu cere conaban tur . Etsi

horum postu late justissima erant, tamen, dum in

seditione aperta con tinu arent, nil his concedendum

ju re posse Washingtonius duxit ; quod si comm

postu latisvenia au t licentia ul la daretu r, exemplum

pessimum disciplines m ilitari exhiberetur. Ut bre

vis sim , seditiosi tandem ad ofiicium redire indu ce

ban tu r : hostes, interea, u t regis Britannici partes

m ilites isti Pennsylvanienses amplecterentu r, nil

infectum'au t in ten tatum reliqu é re at, hi, con tra,

l Tormcn lis,-c.

, by this are here meant, cannon, or field-pieces.

s Reliance, an accoun t of their demands.”

s E ecstigio, forthwith,” instantly.

4 Qui nomine, 4-c., who should continue to enlist,

”or remain in

the service.

6 Salaam prwslarelur , should be secured,”or guaranteed.

0 Infectum, undone,” “

unfinished Sir H enry Clinton, the

commander-in-chief of the British forces in America, offered these

mutineers very advantageous terms, if they would join the Britisharmy ; but they, only desirous of a redress of grievances, spurned

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1 18 wasnrnsr om r sr'n .

instituunt Britann i. Cum diu, atqu emarte vario,‘

pu gnatum esset, exercitus, tandem, ambo, certa

men , loco, vu lgoGu ilford apud Carolinienses dicto,inié re. Britannos Cornwallis, comes” Anglicus,Americanos, au tem , Greene, ducebat . Prrelium

istud, de que nunc agitu r, decimo quinto Martn

mensis die, anno‘supra dicto, commissum ; at dis

ciplina m il itaris, qua Britanni tunc temporis gen

tes omnes superabant, tandem evicit itaqu e pea

nitile fusi fu gatique sunt Americani, et omnes in

partes disjecti.‘

Q uo pra lio facto, Cornwallis, comes Anglicus,Virginiam versus iter tendere institu it. Henricus,au tem , Clin tonius, equ es‘ Britannus, qu i, tempore

eo, copus omnibu s Britanni regis, his in regionibus,

prwfu it, auxilii ad Cornwallis nihil m ittere pote

rat qu ippe qu i,Washingtonium Eboracum novum

é vestigio"adortu rum ,

verebatur ; nihil, porro ad

1 Marlo eerie, various success.

”

a

J une, the year above mentioned, that is, 1781.

4 Beloit,“prevailed.

”

s Disjccli,“scattered in al l directions.

”

0 Eques, a knight, cal led usually, Sir Henry Clinton.

1 E castigio,“forthwith.” Whether the design of Washingtm

toattack New-York , at this period, was real or feigned, is not, per

In ps, perfectly ascertained ; the good effects, however, resu lting tothe American cause, from the continual alarm under which Sir

Henry Clinton labored for the safety of Ncv -Yorlr, were highlyauspicious to the successful termination of the contest between both

nations ; inasmuch as SirHenry was prevented from detaching anysuccor to Lord Cornwallis ; for had he sent say,his lordshipwould

have received such an augmentation of force aswould have enabled

wash rncr orm vr't a. l l ?

‘eum decipiendum a Washingtonio fuit pra termis

s um crebrisqu e castorum mutationibus, Clintonium

formidine perpetua exagitavit . Cornwall is, inte‘

l'

ea, oppidu lum apud Virginienses,Eboracum vu lgb

inuncupatum , cepit, expu gnavitque, nu llo fere re

sistente quem , tamen , subsequ ebatur duobu s cum

h ominum millibus, La Fayette, Gallus pre nobilis,

q ui, motu um ‘ hostilium observandorum cau se, a

Sub Sextilis finem , De Grease, comes Gal licus,

qu i classi Ludovici decim i sexti pre positus fuerst,

cum triginta nevibu s longis, in conspectum venit.

Agmina socia, ad oppidu lum Eboracum apud Vir

ginienses obsidendum, partim terra, part im marl

prooedebant . Copia: omnes, nonnu llis m ilitibus

Virginiensibu s, quos Nelsonius, dux Americanus

ducebat, receptis, ad du odecim hom inum millia,

vigesimo Septembris die, u t Eboracum expugna.

rent , ubi Cornwallis cum exercitu su o consederat,

maximo stu dio, aceingebantur. Classis, insuper,Gallica, qu am De Grasse du cebat, eodem fete

tempore, in conspectum venit, et n’

e commeatu s,’

au t auxilium u llum hostibu s afl'

erri poterat, sedulb

prohibu it.

him to bid defiance to, if not to capture, any combination of force

which France or America could at that time Oppose to him .

I M u m , 49a ,“ lbr the purpose of watching the movements of

the enemy .

”

l this noun prvoperly signifies a psa

ing to and fro, a communication.

1 18 su m m o-roan vr

'

ra.

Primo obsidionis die, Scammelliu s,‘ tribunus

M ericanus, prrefectus egregius, mortem pul cher

rimam obu t. Sub idem tempus, Cornwallis, l ite

ras, ab Henrico Clintonio, equ ite, accepit, quibus

in literie, certior factus est,“ Digbyum ducem

Anglicum navalem , ad oras Americanas, cum

navibus longis quibusdam appu lisse prazfectos

q ue omnes Britannos, auxilium ad eum quam pri

mum mittere constitu isse.

” Qu ibus literie perlec

tie, non cunctandum sibi censuit Cornwallis, quin

ad fortiter resistendum sese illico accingeret.

Die Octobris decimo, agmina socia‘ exercitus

Britannici propu gnacula et opera expugnare con

tendebant ; hostes, in terim , haud tim idi resistunt

maximavi et virtu te u trinque certatur. Dum haze

geruntur , Cochranus,‘

prrefectus Britannus, cum

literie al teris h Clin tonio ad Cornwallis est missus.

Fortis ille pm fectu s, quo intenderat, incolum is

pervenit, classemqu e Gallicam navigio aperto,evitavit. Eodem , quo Am ericani Galliqu e, oppi

du lum Eboracum expugnare cceperant die, literas

l Scammellius ; Colonel Scammel, an American officer of un

common merit, who was mortally wounded, and taken prisoner.s Ccr tior factus, 443.

“He, (Cornwallis,) was informed that Admiral Digby,

” &c.

s J ppulin e, had arrived on the American coast, with some ships

of war.

4 Agmina socia, the allied troops”(ofFrance and America.)

s Cochranus. This wasM ajorCochran of the British army ,who

had been sent by Sir Henry Clinton,with the duplicate ofhis letter

to Lord Cornwallis.

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no wasmrtsronrr vr'u .

animo habebat Cornwallis, impediments.lomnis

relinqu ere —manipulum que, qu i sau cios a gros

q u e curerent, in castrie manere ju ssit, literie, item,

scriptis, qua , post discessum ,Washingtonio daren

tur.

Dim idia jam exercitus parts ibi flumen trans

porters, tempestas magna subitb coorte. est, qua

navigia scaphesque omnes adeo disJecerat, u t exer

c itus pars, qua cis dumen erat, neque t rapcere

neque, oh ' ca li sa vitiam , pars illa, qua fiumen'

jam transm issa erat, au t sese ad commilitones re

c ipete,‘ eu t ratione u lle, reverti poteret ; tandem,

a u tem , qu um jam meridies instaret, nevigus scaph

a’

sque omnibu s, pervo accepto incommodo, redu cetis, nil aliud, pra ter deditionem sibi relictum vide

bat fortis Cornwallis.

Die, itaque, Octobris mensis decimo septimo,Comes Comwaliis, literas adWashingtonium mit

tsndas cu ravit, qu ibu s, per vigin ti quatuor horarum~spatium tan tummodo indu ciae’ petebat, itemqu e u t

.de deditionis ju sta conditionibus inter eos convee

niret .‘—Legati,7 itaqu e, u trinque, ea de re

, m issr

l Impsdimm ta, Q-c.,“ to leave behind all his baggage.

” W hat a.

soldier carries usually in a knapsack, or on his back, is called in

L atin, sarcina.

s Traj a n-e, &c.,

“could neither cross over” (to Gloucester Point.)

s Ob, Q-c. By reason of the boisterous state of the weather.”

4 Recipcrc, &c.,“ to retreat to their fellow-soldiers.”

s Induciae,“a truce,

”or cessation of arms ; an armistice.

s Convenirel . “It might be agreed upon the verb const rain t 3

put here impersonally.

v Legs“, 4-c., deputies were sent,”&e.

wasnrrtor orm vr'ra. 181

sociorum ‘vicem gerebant De Noailles, Gal lus no

bilis, et Laurens, tribunus Americanus, cujus pa

ter, eo ipso tempore, turri Londiniensi ceptivus

tenebatur.

Undevigesimo’ Octobris die, Christi enno mil

lesimo septingen tesimo octogesimo primo, Corn

wallis cum exercitu u n iverso, sese in American

orum Gallorumque ditionem , jure belli, 'dedidit.

Septena, eu t emplius, hom inum millia, eo die, de

debentur. Pra fectis8 militibu squ e captis sarcinas

in tectas hebere permissum . Qu indecim , porro,nau tarum millia, sese quoque dedere cogeben tur ;

omnes, item , neves longa ,

‘ in victorum potasta

tem devenere. Copia terrestres‘ Congressui, na

vales, au tem , Gellis debentur .

Peucis diebu s post deditionem , Henricu s Olinto

nius eques‘ Britannu s, Novo Eboraco solvit, et cum

vigin ti qu inqu e n evibu s longis, m ilitibus delectis

r Soclomm, Ge ,“represented the allies,

” i s, the French and

s Undcvigcsimo, &c., on the 19th day of October, Corn

wallis, with his whole command, surrendered prisoners of war ;which joyous event diffused an universal elevation of spirits throughout the American continent.

s Prafectis, Get ,“ it was allowed the ofi cers and soldiers taken,

to possess their baggage untouched a concession, which, althoughoccasionally denied to the vanquished, on this emergency was most

assuredly highly honorable to the victors.

4 N ave: longa , vessels of war” are thus cal led, frequently, in

8 Copia terrestres, &c.,

“the land forces were assigned to Con

gress, the naval ones to the French.”

0 Equa , a knight ; Sir Henry Clinton, commander of the forces.

K

I” wssarrtor ortrr vru .

refertis, in subsidium Cornwallis devenit a t, post

quam deditionem factam esse accepit ,‘ Novum

versus Eboracum cursum denu h intendit.

In re tam la te, gaudium patria amatorum ce

lendum,au t reprimandum haud censu itWashing

tonius : om nes, enim , ad u num , pra fectos, mil i

teaque, pro concione , ob virtu tem et petien tiam

invictam , qu em sa penumero erdu is in rebu s pra

stiteren t, summopere leudavit. Supplicationem ,

quoque, Deo Optimo m aximo, qu i Americanos tam

insigniter edjuvere t, decrevit ; edixi tqu e, u t em

nes, Deo, ob hoc tan tum beneficium , gratias ex

an imo’ haberen t . Washingtoniu s, au tem , velde

nitebetu r, u t captivi3 summe cum hum enite te trac

teren tu r. Per tres provincies, Virginiem , nempe,Terram Meria ,

‘e t Pennsy lvaniem , eju s ju ssu dis

tribu ti cibarns‘ eisdem , qu ibu s exercitus America-s

nu s, vescebentu r.

Gratia m axima Washingtonio, Rochambeau

l d ecapit,“he heard,

”or understood.

8 Ex animo, from their heart that they should retu rn heartythanks.

s Capitivi, &c.,“ that the prisoners should be treated with the

greatest humanity .

” The noun humanity in English, has not pre

cisely the same meaning as the Latin word Immam’

tas ; as humani

tas, from home, implies a combination of those q ualities which tend

to the perfection of human nature.

4 Terram Maria ,the land of Mary, that is

“M aryland.

”

3 Cibariis, dc ,“were fed on the same provrsronsas theAmerican

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1” wasnrrte'rom r vrt a.

CAPUT DECIMUM QUARTUM.

inp sm gerens, d ocuit .—Ca t ion s fa il Washing tonium

Congressumque, de pace apud Perisios agifu isse coeplum.

—M lian elogium .—Bello coffee-to, nova , prepar m i

tum stipendia, turbte ez citantur .—For l imdo Washing tonii

inquepatriam amor .

Q um r o Meir die, enno millesimo septingente

simo octogesimo secundo ab Christo nato, Guyus

Carletoniu s, equ es Anglicu s, Eboracum Novum

advenit, qu i h rege Britanno summam imperu ac

ceperet. Statim atqu e ‘ ed ores Americanas appu

lit,Weshingtonium Congressumque certiores fecit,

de pace apud Perisios agi ca ptum fu isse .

” Co

pia ,interea Anglica , pra sidie omnia , qua tenue

rent in Carolina Au strali, et Georgie, deseru é re,’

et Eboracum Novum sese conferre constituerunt,

De pace du es in ter Ne tiones, sub mensis Novem

bris finem ,enno supra scripto, tandem Lu tetia

l Stellar atque, &c., as soon as he arrived on the American

can t, be informed Congress andW ashington, that” St e.

s Da m ien, &c.,

abandoned all the posts, which they had

possessed in SouthCarolina andGeorgia.” Although the su rrender

of Cornwal lis at Yorktown in Virginia, did not put an immediate

termination to hostilities, yet it convinced the British ministry of ths

impracticability of subjugating America.

wasnmaronrr n u . 12h

Parisiorum conventum erat que facts pace, rex

Britannus Colonies omnes Americanus liberas. at

su i juris’ esse agnovit et confessus est.

Unus ex eis, qu i pacem dues inter gentes con

ciliaban t, fu it Benjam inu s Franklinius, u triusqus‘

juris Doctor, et in philosophie praclaru s. Hie vir

egregius, decimo septimo Jannerii mensis die,Christi e nno m illesimo septingentesimo ct sexto,

Bostonia apud Novanglos,‘natus fu it. Philadel

phiem adhuc puer demigrevit, ubi ingenio simu l

ac industria bonomm omnium laudes adeptus est.

Ju venibus qu ibusdam ingenuis sibi adscitis, Frank

liniu s societates literarias plu rimas institu it, qua

Bostoniam , Eboracum Novum , aliasque‘ad urbes,

pau latim serpsé

Anno millesimo septingen tesimo vigesime quin

to ab Christe nato, Franklin ius Britanniam deve

nit, ibiqu e aliqu andiu commorebetur. Belli initio,Frenkliniu s, pacem ,

“quhm duellum malebat.

Februarie Mense, enno m illesimo septingentesimo

l Cont es tant erat,“it had been agreed upon,

”an impersonal verb.

s Swijur is,“at their own disposal in otherwords,independent,

s Noem glos, in New-England ; literally, among the New-Eng,

landers. This celebrated philosopher was born in Boston, on the

17th January , 1706, and died in Philadelphia, on the 7th April,1790, in the 85th year of his age.

4 Alissqus, 4m , and to other cities the penetration of Frank

lin, in the institu tion of these literary societies, is fully evinced by the

practical good resu lting to the community, born them.

6 Pecan, q-c,“preferred peace to wer.

”

K 2

100 wasnrrts'rom r vrra.

ssptuagssimo septimo, qu i pacem‘ Britanniam in

ter et civitates fa deratas Americanas conciliaret,

h Congressu m issu s est : quod negotium sibi h

Congressu‘

creditum , m ire facil itate,' industrie et

prudentia confeoit.

Septu egesimum annum agens, ad Gallica stu

dium et scien tism lingu a animum appu lit. Va

letudine firms, multos per annos usus, podagra ad

extremum laborans, patriam revisit ; ubi, munia

mu lta, civium cau se, jam senex obivit ; at vale

tudine in pejus quotidie ruen te, mumrs'omnibus

sese abdicevit,privatu squ e‘aliqu andiu degit . Tan

dem , octogesimum qu in tum agens annum , die

Aprilis‘ septimo, Christi enno m illesimo septingen

tesimo et nonagesimo, fato‘ fu nctus est. Frank

linu ingenium , amorqu e in patriam , nomen ejue

celeberrimum marith facere. Eju s, porro, vita,

juvenes Americanos ed facinora pra clere' incitare

r Q ui pacem, 4m, who should procure peace between Britain

i. e. in order to procure peace.

a Facilitate, by this noun is not somuch here understood, easiness,as that facility of access and deportrnent, ibr which Dr. Franklin

was so remarkable.

s M enus, d-c he resigned all his (public) ofi ces or employs

ments.

”

4 M al ta,“as a private individual without being in any

office.

3 J prllr’

s, 4c , on the seventh day ofApril, one thousand seven

hundred and ninety.”

s Fate, fate,” literally, he discharged fate or, rather, tin

decrees of fate or destiny ; that is,“he died.

1 Facinora praclere,“illustrious deeds.”

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m wasnme'ronrr fl u .

ex proposito tam temerario oritura credebat, de

monstravit. Fortitudo ejus amorque in patriam,nunquam alias magis, quam hue in re, en ituere.

Cum tumu ltum istum sum in commodum con

vertere potuisset, cumqu e rex au t tyrannus fieri

perfacile licuisset, Washingtonius, tamen, civium

libertatem et ju ra duntaxat respiciens, m ilitum

unimos leniba t, civiumque libertatem integram et

inviolatam servabat.

wssmm r onu vr't a. I”

CAPUT DECIMUM QUINT’

UM.

Em itu iAmeri cana valedieitWashingtovfias f—Nm Eh

Iim profecti“, diploma milita re m um Congressu i tradit

Waslu'

ng tonii Madam—Ad montem Vernom

'

um proper“.

p rimusWashing tonius electus est .—Jurej urando, admm

m m per tinente, Novi Eboraci sese obstr ing it .—Ia e rario

pecunia deficit —Inter cives, dc novareipubl t'

ccz formé , dissentiones esoriuntur .

Du : secundo mensisNovembris, exercitus omnia

Amw icanu s dimittendu s erat .‘ Die illo, Wash

ingtoniu s, pm fectis cunctis militibu squ e valedix

it. Mensis eju sdem vigesime qu into die, exercitus

Britannu s Eboracum Novum vacu um reliqu it, in

eam qu e u rbem pau lo post, Washingtoniu s ingres

su s est, summo cum consensu lmtitiaque civium

omnium ,paucis tan tummodo exceptis, qui, repub

lica tu rbata, omnia, quam otium m alu nt. Exer

citu dimisso, Washingtoniu s Annapolim profectus,

u t diplom ate sibi a Congressu , belli initio, date,

sese abdicaret : qua immru abdicatione a Con

Dimittendus erat, was to be disbanded.

” W ashington dis

played the greatest address in discharging so meritorious and ex

tensive an army, without being able to remu nerate them, in any

degree, for those gallant sa vices, which M the indepe ndence

d'

a large continent.

130 wasnm er om r Vin .

gressu palam accepts,, Washingtoniu s a Consilia

civitatum fmderatarum omn ium Americanarum

publico conditor‘ al ter tu torqu e reipublicae judica

tu s est . E0 pre sents, pericu la multa, et m ala,

quw sa penumero perpessi, in ter semetipsos recen

seban t libertatis, quam nemo bonu s,’nisi cum

anima simu l amittit, pacisqu e,‘ Washingtorm dex

teramaximepartes, anim is gratissimis recordaban

tur. Washingtonium stupebant, major altiorque

qui privatu s videbatu r, (quippe qu i imperium li

bentissime deposu erat, cum tenere facillim é potu

isset) quam qaum exercitum victorem imperator

du ceret. Diploma Washingtonio aCongressu da

tum ,qu od eis nunc reddidit aqu ibu s fuerat accep

tum ,hlc subj lciendum pu tavimu 8

° Coleniarum

fmderatarum delegati, Gnoncro Wasm Ne r om o

salu tem dicen tes, cum c0piarum omnium , qua

jam vel conscriptis su nt, vel olim conscribentu r,

ducem et imperatorem constitu é re .—Quod diplo

m a, 2; Pey ton io Randolph Congressus prarside, et

Carole Thompson a secretis, decimo septimo Junu

1 Conditor , &c.,“a second th under and guardian of the republic.

”

If those who originally established the American Colonies, merited

applause, most assuredly , W ashington was entitled to equal re

nown, who secu red the liberties and rights of those colonies, afiar

their settlement.

2 Recensebant,“they recounted,

”reviewed.

a N ame bonus,“no good man,

” that is, no man of pmbity or

honor. s

s Pacisque, lsc , and the peace, acquired, chiefly, by Washing

ton’s valor.”

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18! wssarserom r "rs.

le tissimeest acceptus, et, habitu militari deposits,

gladium vomere lihentissime commu tavit . AgrL

cu lturamaxime delectahatu r. Fundo ad Verno

nium mon tem posito, pm cipue occupabatur, qu i

triticum, poms. terrestria, linum, mu ltos, pre teres,

pecudurn , jumentorumqu e greges, quotannis ex

tulit . ‘ E0 inspectante, pannos’varies fabricave

runt ejue servi, et vestium satis ad vestiendum fare

mille hom inum , singu los in annos,’ fecerunt. Pe

regrini omnes, qu i Americam septentrionalsm pe

ragrare institu erunt,Washingtonium semper vise

hant . Canes mu l tos circum se alehat, at uni cum

fam iliaribu s quibusdam, tunc temperie‘ Alexandria

degen tibus, nonnunqu am venabatu r. Vitam ‘ejus

moderabatur temperan tia : diluculo primo, e lesto

surgere solebat, totoque die rebus ru sticis absumpto,

horam ‘circiter nonam dorm itum ’ ivit. Haas fa.

cere haud destitit, nisi cum hospitum prwsentia

eum prohibebat . Mensa ejus saluberrimis cibis

1 EM “, (scilicet, qui fencing ) (which farm at Mount Vernon)produced, or brought forth, Ste.

3 Pu m a, cloths of various kinds.

t Sing-alas in m os

, each,”or every year.

”

4 Tune temporis, Qa , then residing at Alexandria,”not far from

Mount Vernon.

s Vitam, é-c,“temperance regulated his life.

” The deponent

60m the noun modes, and, in import, is equivalent tomadam status,“I set,

”or appoint hounds or limits to any thing.

”

s Harem, Qu a,

about nine of the clock” (in the evening.)1 Dormitum, the former supine, placed after is“, a verb ofmotion,

as grammsrians, usually, account for it. The position, however, is

not accurste; it is c on tainer», governed by sd, undc stood.

wasarna'rort rr n u . 133

vinoque instruebatur ; attamen , victu simplici, u t

plurimum, u tebatur, viniqu e minime bibax fu it.

Academism Alexandria: mun ificentissime institu

endam curavit. Pauperibus benefacere haud ces

savit ; instar, enim , solis, m undum universum he

neficio aflicere volebat.

Hic, au tem , non alienum videtu r, locum, heroin

nostri pre sen tia celebratum , pau cis‘ depingere.

Vem onius mons, ripe) Virgin iensi Potomac dumi

nis, ubi du o m illiaria latum , pu lcherrime situs est.

Mons iste acclivis pedibus’ du centis mare superat,

cuju s‘ fastigium jugera decem con tinet, st in me

dic, simplicita te au gusta, villa apparet .‘ Domtls

frons, quae‘ flum ini contraria, portion nonaginta sex

pedes longa, et viginti al ta, decoratu r. Ale nemo

rihus fru ticibusqu e variis om antu r ; prospectu s hfronts in agros vel de delecta t sylva, insu per,parva, qu es secundum"ripas fium inis Potomac per

tinet , Angl icanas, et Americanus hestias, tam‘ fe

l Fouet'

s, (scilicet, verbis,)“briefly,

” in a few words.

8 Rips, &c.,

“on the V irginia bank of the river Potomac, where

that river is two miles wide.

”

3 Pedibus,-e., exceeds the sea by two hundredfeet that is, it

rises above the level of the sea two hundred feet.

4 Cujus, (scilicet, montis,)“ the summit,

”or top ofwhich,

” &.c.

8 Villa, 4m , the country-seat ormansion appears in the middle.

”

0 Qua , G-a , which is opposite the river”(Potomac )

1 Sa unders, 4a , (or secus,) along the banks of the river Poto

mac.”

0 Tom, Q-e,“as well wild as tsme ;

” both wild m d tame ; as

pera'

aily deer, with which the forests around Mount Vernon werewell stocked.

[34 wasm rte'rort rr y tu .

ras, quam cicures, alit. Ha res, una cum navi

hus, qua flumine labuntu r, locum iatum prorsas

ju cu ndum reddun t. Parvu lum trans rivum , a

parts septentrionali, campus latu s segetss, st pas

cua, greges mu itos et armenta ostendit ; latum,

in terim , flumen, et silva remota , cu l ti colles, val

icaque ad tet rem Maria pertinen tes, grands aliqu id

spectantium ocu lis ofl’

erunt. In his locis am a nis

simis quatu or fereannos attriveratWashingtonius,

cum ad Congressum civitatum omnium fa derata

rum Americanarum , qu i‘ Philadelphia convenit,

m issu s sit : cujus conven tu smoderator electu s fu it.

Etsi m u l ta et varia sen ten tia apud cives, de nova

reipuhlica forma, eran t, una, temen , senten tia

omnes tenebat, summam rerum adm in istrationem

Washingtonio m andari oportere . Washingtonius

igitu r, summo omnium bonorum consensu , civita

tum fa dcratarum Am erica septen trionalis Pra ses

prrmus electu s fu it. Die Martn qu arto, Christi

anno m illesimo septingen tesimo octogesimo nono,

formam reipuhlica novem lu cem videre, a Can

I Q ui, (scilicet, Congr essus,) which convention assembled at

Philadelphia.” This convention, of which General W ashington

was appointed president, convened at Philadelphia, on the first

M onday in M ay, 1787. The object of which convention was, to

deliberate on the propriety of adopting or rejecting the constitution ;happily , however, for the liberties ofAmerica, and for the rights of

man, the good sense of this convention triumphed over local prejadices, and, after a very warm opposition, on the 17th of September,1787, they closed their labors, and submitted the result to the difliars

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188 wasnrrtarorm vrrs.

Congressu et b. privatis, peregrinis mul tis debebe

tur. Conatus omnes, nummorum debitorum sol

vendorum cause. facti, incassum erant ; tum , quia

in a rario nihil erat ; tum , qu ia, pecunia, qua vu lgb

u tebatu r plebs, nihili psndebatur : has ob causes,

fiebat igitur, u t persolvere fere potstat nemo. Ad

hoc, cives inter sese, de ratione nova rempuhli

cam ordinandi, vehementissime dissidebant. Ra

tionem illam mu lti indignabantu r, quorum‘plu

rim i in Congressum novum electi smu t. Con

ventum novum nonnu lli flagitabant, al ii, au tem,

facts. infecta’ volebant. Civitates‘ dua , Septen

trionalis, nempe, Carolina, st Insu la Rhodensis, ad

novam reipuhlica formam accedere recu saban t.

Ad hoc,‘ ira acerba civitates fa deratas Am eri

canas inter gentemque Britannicam acriter exer

cehan tu r. Al tera‘ gens alteram fa difragam ap

pellare . Fines, insu per, civitatum fa deratarum

haudqu aquam statu ti au t vu lgo cogniti erant.

r Q uorum,w, ofwhom very many that is, of those dissatis

tied with the new constitu tion.

s [rt/eels, undone,”not done ; that is, those who were opposed

to the new form of government, wished that what had been were

not done, or, in other words, that it were reversed.

l Civitates, 9a , “two states, namely, North-Carolina, and RhodaIsland.”

4 Ad hoe, 4m, moreover bitter animosities, were cherished be

tween the United States of America and the English nation.

”

s Alters, one nation called the other a treaty-break er.” N . B.

The infinitive mood appellare is governed by cepit understood,agreeably to some grammarians, whilst others assert that it is put

for q rpellabst, the imperfect tense.

wasnrasrort rr vrrs. 187

Exercitus civitatum omnium Americanarum sex

centos homines vix con tinebat. Nec pecunia

qu idem , ad amicitias emendas, nec vis u lla ad

pericula propu lsenda, civitatibus novis aderat. Plu

rima alia mala exitium libertati Americana mini

tabantur, cc, pra sertim , tempore, quo reipuhlica

Americana gubernacu la sumpsitWashingtonius.

138 wasnrrrarorrrr fl u .

CAPUT DECIMUM SEXTUM.

Hammes idoneas, qui reipublicee mum'

s obeant, deleg t'

t Wash

ing tonius.—Lincolnius, Grrfi nus ct Hump/trays, qui

Indis agarent, d Washing tonia missi sunt .—FoedusIndis ictum est—Alias Indos Dust Wayne superat .

—Pashis cum Indis quoque facts est—Dominus Jay , qu i pacemcum Hispaniarum rege conciliarct, dimissus cst .—Re iafield, demum redit .—Disccptatio longs inter legatum His

paniensem Prasidemque Americanum—Mu lti dc civibus

Amer icanis mala in Pra sidem animo sunt, et ad Hispanos

sese defecturos minantur .

QUANTUM u tilitati comm uni profuerit Washing

tonius, quantamque Am ericam, ex hum ili, reli

querit, in prim is eju s est, qu i ad“patris patria ”

vitam scribendam accingitu r. Munus civilibus

omnibus aCongressu constitu tis, hom ines idoneos,

qui mu nia ea 21 Congressu pra scripta fideliter obi

rent, designat e pra sidis fu it . Hom ines idoneos,

qu i rsmpublicam recte in tegré que adm inistraren t,

seligere, sim u lqu e cos potestate donare, imprim is

ardu um era t ; hoc,‘au tem , in delectu faciendo,

ah ira, odio, am icitia, et in im icitiis penitus vacu u a

fu it Washington u animu s.

His tot tantisqu e diflicu l tatibus circum ven tu s

r Hoe, ita , bu t in making this selection of oflicers, the breast

of Washington was free from anger,” &c.

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140 wasnrrtar orm vru .

nequ iverat, tandem factum est . Satius‘ pra sidi

visum, Eboraci Novi, quam Hispanorum in tra

fines, cum India agere. Ut hoc facilina tieret,

Willetius, exercitus nupcri’ tribunas, quasi de

privatis rebus acturus foret, aWashington io est

m issus. Ha c pra sidie mandata adeo callide tri

bunu s iste fortis exsequehatur, u t'nationis illius

principes Novum Eboracum venire polliciti sint.

Fa dus,‘ itaqu e, die septimo Sextilis, anno Christi

m illesimo septingentesimo et nonagesimo, istacum

gents Indorum , Eboraci Novi, ictum fuit .

Pacem aliis cum lndis confirmare incassum

atus est Washingtoniu s. Pra sidem u sus‘

jamedocuit, spe omni pacem cum India confirmandi

adempta, m ilitum quod satis esset, in arm is habere.

Hanc,‘au tem ,

rem ad umbilicum du cere diflicil

limum fu it. Indorum nationes hom inum mu lti

tudine abundahan t, nec"m ilitaris disciplina ex

r Satius, ism ,“it seemed better to the president, to treat with the

Indians, at New-York, (the then seat of govemmeng) than withinthe limits of the Spanish territory.

”

2 N uperi, &c., a colonel in the late army, was sent by W ash

ington, (to the Creek Indians,) as if he were to treat on privatematters.

”

s Ut, «i s“that the chiefs of that nation, (viz . the Creeks,) pro

mised to come to,” Ste.

4 Radar, «9a ,“a treaty was, therefore, made with that nation of

Indians, at New-York , on the seventh day of August,s Usus, 4a ,

“experience had already thoroughly taught the

president.”

0 Hana, 4a ,“but to bring this business to a close was most

difi cult.”

1 N ee, nor were they devoid of military discipline.”

WASHINGTON“ vrn . 141

partes eran t. Arma st apparatum hellicum h.

Britannia intra civitatum fa deratarum Am ericana

rum fines degen tibus eccepisse ferebantu r. Har

mar et Sinclair, du ces Americanos, clade insigni

afl'

eceran t,’et' per qu inquenium feré invicti per

mansé re .

Tandem , au tem , Christi anno millesimo septin

gentesimo nonagesimo quarto,Wayne, dux Am er

icah ns, eis calam itatem insignem intul it, et, pau lo

post, pax‘ hos in ter Indos civitatesqus fa deratas

Americanas facta est . Dum hoc bellum gere

batur, conatu s‘crebri ad am icitiam Indorum alio

rum conciliandam nequ icqu am facti. Eodem , fere,

tempore, nova cum lndis agendi institu te ratio,“

nemps, u t moribus" feris barbarisqu e relictis, ad

hum anitatem , agrorum cu ltum , aliasq u e artes in

genu as adducerentu r.

Ita, Washingtonio rerum habenas tenen te, pax

l Ferebcntur, 4c ,“they (the Indians) were reported to have

received.

”

3 M ecerant, doc ,“they (the Indians) had afl

'

ected with a signal

defeat.”

8 El , are ,

“and they (the Indians) remained unconquered for

almost the space of five years.”

4 Paar, 4cc ,“peace was made between these (the Indians)

and,”&.c.

s Conatus, &c.,

“frequent efforts were in vain made to conciliate

the friendship of other Indians.”

0 Ratio, a new method of treating with the Indianswas instituted

(by W ashington) nearly at the same tim e.

7 Ut maribus, &c., that, having abandoned their savage and

barbarous manners, they might be brought to civilization, agricul

ture,” Ste.

14! wasnm srortrr vrrs.

cum Indis facta est, qua hactenus inviolata psr

mansit, et diu duratu ra videtur conditio, porrb,

immanium ‘ Indorum illorum indies in meliu s cres

cere videtu r. Ratio,’enim , Indos Americanos

ad humaniorem vita institu tionem alliciendi, a

Washingtonio inchoate, ab'ejue successoribu s se

du lo scrvata est.

Res ea dem , qua ante Washingtonium Pra si

dem evenerant, qu om inus‘

pax civitates fa deratas

Americanas in ter et Hispanism fieret, et nunc oh

stité re. Christi anno millesimo septingen tesimo

septuagesimo nono, dom inu s Jay ,“ is Congressu

priori, qu i pacem cum Hispaniarum rege, si m odh

fieri posset, conciliaret, fu it dim issu s. At, cum per

biennium feré pacem isto cum rege facere conare

tu r, re infects,“domum tandem reversus est .

Discepta.tio7 longa legatum inter H ispanum et

1 Immanium, &c., of those savage Indians seems to be dailyimproving.

”

2 Ratio, &c., for the manner of allu ring the American Indians.”

3 Ah, &c.“was diligently observed by his successors (in the

4 Q ua minus, 6m, hindered peace from being made between the

United States of America and Spain .

”

a Dominus Jay, &c.,“M r. Jay (of New-York ) was sent by the

former Congress, (that is, the Congress which had directed theaffairs of America, before the adoption of the federal constitution,)who shou ld procu re a peace, (to procu re a peace,) with,

” & c.

0 Re infects, the thing being unfinished without accomplishingthe business on which he had been sent.

1 Disceptatio, &c., a long debate took place between the Spanish

ambassador, (M r. Gardoqui,) and the American President or

rather, his secretary of state, (Thomas Jefferson.)

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1“ wasnrrter om r vrrs.

CAPUT DECIMUM SEPTIMUM.

Quatuor Galli, qui bellum Hispania infm ent, d legato Gallico

Philadelphiamissi aunt—Washing tonius hos Gallo: coer

ceri irnperat .—K entuclcicnses, dcfluminis Mississippiem is

libero usu Cong ressum orant .—Tlromam Pinckneyum, ad

Hispaniarum regem , legaram mittit Washing tonius.—Far

dus cum illo reg e ictum—Joanna Adams cum Br itannis

fadusfer-irefrustra conatu r .

—Cur recusabant Britanni.Hammondius d Britannorum reg e ad civitates Americana:

pr rmus leg atus missus est.

Hrs tot difiicu ltatibus circumdatu sWashingto

nius, qu id ingenium , qu id m ens sibi conscia recti,

cmccte posset, sa pins expertu s. Christi anno m il

lesimo septingen tesimo nonagesimo tertio, Gal li‘

qu atuor Philadelphiaprofecti, qu i bellum Hispan ia

a civita tum fa dsratarum partibu s nonnu llis infer

rcnt, legato Gallico m issi su n t. Washingtonius,

au tem , nequ id bellum gen ti cum civitatibu s fa d

eratis Americanis am icitia conjuncta inferretur,

cavers st providers dsbsbat .

Gubem atori,

’ igitu r, civitatis istiu s in qu am

l Galli, &c., four Frenchmen , having set out from Philadelphia,

were sent by the French ambassador, (M r.Genet) who shou ldmakewar (to makewar) on Spain, from some parts of theUnited States.

”

a Gubernatori, &c., the governor of that state ,”viz . Kentucky.

These Frenchmen were commissioned by Genet, to prepare and

raise a force in K entucky for the invasion of New-Orleans ; an act

which militated against every principle of national sovereignty.

wssm rtcr om r vrn . 1“

Gall i isti qu atuor iter fecersn t, imperavit, u t

homines illos in tro. fines suos continen t, neve bel

lum cu ilibst inferre sinat. Wayne, insuper, dux

Am erican us,‘

a pra sids juhcha tur propugnacu la

extrusre, st, si transire consn tu r, cos vi prohihere.

Cives mu lti Ksn tu ckienses, in Hispanos animo

adeo maleafl'

ecto eran t, u t Gallis libentissime su c

cu rrere, Hispanorumque intra fines bellum gerere,

vellsn t .

Dum ha c gsrun tu r, Ken tuckianses mu l tiWash

ingtonium Congressumqu e pstsban t, u t‘ flumine

M ississippiensi sibi u ti liceret ; simu lqus’

pra sidem

iniqu ita tis insim ulaban t, qu i regionum occ iden

talium incolis jura tam necessaria denegaverat.

Ha c Ksn tu ckisnsium petitio verbis libert in ia

scripts erat, st, u l remedium tot tan tisq u e incom

modis et injuriis propositum fuerit, scsc’ab soci

etate omn i cum reliqu is civita tibus American'

n

discessuros pra dicaban t.

Hos‘ tumul tus seda te, Gal los

‘

a hello Hispani

l it might be perm itted them (the K cnmd ians)tomake use of that river,

”(the Mississipri ) respecting whid r, tha

dispute between Spain and theUnited States d rid y depended ; the

Kem d m m memh bh nu d me wm m m ,

conceived themselves neglsaed by the governme nt ss respects the

aW % “and at the same ti ae,hs chsrged the presida lt

with injustice,who had denied to the inhabitan ts,” k c.

s Base, «i n , f

‘they (the Kentuckians) afi rmed and proclaimed,

that they would depart from all em federacy with the re naming

148 wasnraarort rr vrrs.

inferendo deterrers, simu lque, armis depositis, F°

libero usu fiuminis Mississippiensis cum Hispania

rum rege pacisci, Washingtonio contigit . Q uad,etsi difi cillimum erat, ad exitum , tamen, felicem

perduxit Washingtoniu s. An te Ken tuck isnsium

petitionsm pra sidi Congressu iqu e oblatam , Wash

ingtonius, (qu ippe qu i incolarum occidentalium

a grimoniam solicitudinsmqu s probe cognoverat,)virum incly tum Thomam Jefi

'

ersonium jussit , u t

Reipublica Ksn tu ckiensis gubernatorem certiorem

faceret,‘sese

’omni ratione laborare st niti, u t,

Ken tu ckisnsss, sine molestia au t impedimento ul

lo, cc flumine u tsrsntu r. Ad hoc, Galli a hello

civitatibusHispania inferendo deterrendi a pra side

erant .

Washingtonius, interim , Thomam Pinckneyum

ad Hispaniarum regem legavit . Et, Christi anno

m illesimo septingentesimo nonagesimo qu in to, fa

du s cum H ispan iarum rege ictum fu it, quo fa dsrs,

omnia qu a ds fin ibu s flum inisque Mississippian

sis usu pctsban t Americani, facillime ab H ispanis

concsdsban tu r .

His, igitu r, rebu s fiebat , u t Ken tu ckisnsium

aliorumqu e qu erimoniis a grimoniisqu e impositus

sit finis. O tium et tranqu illitas in civitatibu s cm

Cer liorem faceret, q-a ,“that he would inform, or acq uaint the

governor.”

a 8m , 0a , that he (Washington) was laboring and cah an s

ing, that,” arc.

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148 was-n ou n : m s.

Cum Britannos cl aret, a t, ex finders, propu gna

cn la nonnu lla intra civitatum fo deratan nn Amer

icanarum fines sita desererent,‘responsum fu it,

“Americanos’ leges, qua: pecu nias civibus Britan

nis debitas hand persolvere jnbean t, M in e.

”Jus

titiam adeo adamavit Washingtonius, n t eam’

pa

t ria: amori non posthabu erit.

He c, au tem , ad am icnm quendan , eh de re,

scripsisse fertur. “Civitates iste improvide in

feliciterqu e, ne injuste disam , profecti) fecere,

quc‘ leges, fmderis violandi cau sa, tuleru n t. In

adversariof recté justequ e facere, nbique tu tum .

Bi fidem servi esen t Britanni, et propugnacu le“

occidental ia nobis non reddidissen t, deorum ho

minumqu e fidcm recte imploraremu s.

”

Alium ad amicum , eadem de re, scribens, sic

locu tus Washingtonias Qu am valde nobis

t Dcsarermt, 4m,“should abandon some flirts situated within

ths limits ot'

the United States of Ameficq it was replied (by tln

British.)0 M m ,

“that fire Americans had enacted laws, wln'

ch,”

t o.

s Ut Bent, 4m, (scilicet, justifies“)“that he (Wai l ington ) did

not esteem it less than his love for his country.

”

0 Que , 4m, (scilicet, civitates)“which had enacted laws, for the

purpose of violating the treaty.”

s In edem a-tes, 4m,“to act well and junly towards onr advel b

series is, everywhere, safe.”

I W M» British) had ast ro

storsd to us the western pasta”

wasnm s'

rom r vru . 149

dolendum , cau sam ‘ fe deria violandi tam justam

Britannia esse, quamque tu rpiter, ex rerum dim

cu ltate, nobis agendum .

” Cum primum praesidis

oflicium accepisset Washingtonias, ra tione omni

sibi nitendum pu tabat, u t, qu id consilu capercu t

Britanni, qu idve’ de rebus American is sentiren t,

compertum haberet . Hac de re, dom ino’ Mor

risio, (qu i Eu ropam , qu ibusdam de cansis, pro

fectu s fuerst ,) negotium m andatumque‘dedit

Washingtonius. Qu ee‘ mandata fideliter capes

sivit Morrisius ; at, Britannos, civita tum foedera

tarum volun tati haud obtemperatu ros, comperit.

Post, verb, annos duos, cum stabilitas firmatasqu e

ci vntatum fe deratarum clarissime perspicerentur,

Britanni, dom in um ‘ Hamm ondium , legatum pri

mum , u ltro m isere . Q uo facto, Washingtonius

passes Thom am Pinckneyum ad Britannorum re

gem legavit .‘

1 0m m -c. , that theBritish shou ld have so righteous a reasm

for,” &c.

2 Q uidve, &o., or what they (the British) thought of Americanafl

'

airs.

8 Domino, M r. Gouverneur M orris, of New-York, who was

carried to Eu rope on private business. The natural order of this

sentence is thu s : Washingtonius dedit negotium mandsmmque, «Is

Me re, dominoMmfi sio, qui, &c.s Q ua , «so ,

which commission M orris faithfu lly execu ted.

8 Dominant, M r. Hammond, who was the first ambassador sent

by the British government to the United States.

0 Legssit, sent as an ambassador or envoy from which comes

the noun legatus this mission was in consequence of the previous

one of the British government

1! 2

150 wasnm ar os rr n u .

CAPUT DUODEVICESIMUM.

rota: ab co bello sew ers stadel Washing tonian—Amer

icanorum in Britannos M iran—Dominus Jay ad Sand i

Jacobiaulam Legatusmissu s est—Fa rmsmemorabile,firm s

propter illud ex itu m—Civitetes fa deratas Washing tonii

Congressu ”m inim—Genu ine, legatus Gallic-as, ad civi

tates Americana: missus est—Grave: cum Washing tonio

SUB idem tempu s, bellum Galliam inter et Bri

tanniam Magnam exortum est Washingtonii,

verb , pru den tia e t sapien tia, bell i huju sce jam inde

ab initio, civitates feederatas Americanas na

tioni neu tri obnoxias esse volu é re . Belli, porro,eventus, qu am sanum hocce Washingtonii con

sil ium fu erit, plenissime demonstravit etsi, prin

cipio, a m u ltis res haecce vehementissime fu it im

probate .

Bellum ‘nu peros inter civitatum fcederatarum

Americanarum hostes, et earundem am icos, in

civium pectoribus iras plu rimas odiaqu e finds in

gen tem al teram , et, in al teram , am icitiam excivit.

r Bellum,t9a , the war between the late enemies of the United

States of America (viz . the British) and the friends of the same

(states,) (viz . the French) excited, in the breasts of the (American)citizens,

” Ste.

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l l . wasnrnsrornr n u .

tannos‘ quippe civitatum fe deratarum America

Americani au tumabant.

Nonnulli‘ in Congressu pecunias Britannis debi

tas persolvi non oportere siebent ; communicatio

nemque omnem, dum‘ melius rectihsque in Amer

icanos facere inciperent Britanni, penitus probi

beri. Bellumqu e pre sens duas inter gentes intsu

tars omnia videbantu r. Gallorum fau tores bellum

cum Britannia exoptare alii, au tem , Britannia

magis obnoxii, bellum cum eis reformidare .

Interea, cum omnes bellum jam instare pu tarent,Washingtonius, pacem otiumque retu lit, domi

numque Jay ad sancti Jacobi eu lam apud Angloslegavit. Q ua re, induciae dabantu r, cunctisque

litibus, quae gentem u tramque aliqu andiu exagit

averant, finis tandem impositus. Pra sidem quavis

cum gents, inconsulto senatu , de pace agere sine

bant ; fmdu s, itaque, Britanniam Magnam inter st

civitates fmderatas Americanas, fu it ictum .

Fcedu s‘ istud, de qu e nunc agitu r, commodissi

mum , quod confici au t comparari poterat, dixit

l Britannos, &c., for, the Americans afiirmed, that the British

were jealous of the growing greatness of the United States.”

8 Mutnul li, &c., some in Congress said, that moneys due to

British (subjects from the Americans) ought not to be paid.a Dam, 4m.

“until the British should begin to act better, and

more uprightly towards the Amsricans.”

4 ram , Qt ,

“Jay said, that that treaty , respecting which we

are now discoursing, was the most advantageous, that could be

concl uded,” kc.

wasm rtcr om r vrn . 1 158

Jay ; quodque ab Americanis haud respuendum

arbitrabatu r. Senatu Americano isto de foadere

de liberante, senatorum unus, contra senattl s leges

a tque regu las, fmderis exemplar,‘ad typographum

quendam, divu lgandi cau sa, misit . Q uo’cognito,

scintilla velu t ignis, indignatio maxima civitates

cune tas fmderatas Americanos commovit . Inc et

mgrimonie , qu a: aliquandiu sopitss videbantu r, ab

in tegro,’exarsé rs .

Q uinetiam , nonnu lli potestatem fsre omnem

Britannia concessam illo feeders, Gallosqu e socios

veteres fidosqu e, tu rpiter desertos pre dicabant.

l lli,‘verb , qu i moderati modestique habsri vole

ban t, nim ium Britannis concedi, m inimum , vero,

accipi, dixé re. Consilia“ plurim a Bostonim, Ebo

raci Novi, Philadelphia ,aliisque in u rbibu s con

vocabantu r, qu ibu s in consiliis, fe da s ista d, popu lo

libero st forti penitus indignum esse , decretum .

‘

l Exemplar , &c.,“one of the senators, contrary to the rules and

regu lations of the senate, sent a copy of the treaty , to a certain

printer, for the purpose of giving it publicity .

”

3 Q uo, (scilicet, fadere,)“which being known, (by the public,)

the greatest indignation, like a spark of tire, agitated,” Ste.

0 d b integ-ro,

“afresh,

”an ew, again ; thus the M antuan Bard,

“mag-nus ab integro stecMmm nascitur ordo.”

4 Mi, &c.,

“bu t, those who wished to be esteemed moderate and

unassuming.

”

6 Consilia, can ,“very many meetings were called together at

Boston,” 8m.

s Deer-stem, «t o,“it was resolved, or voted ;

”a passive im

personal : unless we make the whole sentence from “fadus to esse

”

inclusive, the nominative to decretum , which, in strict grammatical

propriety, is red ly tlte ease; for eeery oerb rnust have a nominative.

164 wasnm ar ort rr vr'ra.

Hr animorum motus, tempestatssque tanta ,

Washingtonium incitare ad cogitationem ma

jorem, non vero ad consilii au t sententia m u tati

onem compellere au t adigsre qu ivers. Ad ami

cum quendam sic scripsisss fertu r Washingtonius,

ratio l una tan tummodo testat, eademque verum

quasrsre, idqu e solum persequ i, demonstrat .”Foa

dus jam pridem sanoire Washingtonium consti

tu isse ; idqu e bello prsestabilius duxisse, omnino

verisimile' est attam en, sum vehemen tissimb

pigebat, faadus istud adeo a plebe reprehendi, si

m u lque sibi plaudebat, cum repu taret, tempu s for

sitan haud proenl abesse, quo plebs consilia in

meliu s referret . Pacem cum orbs tsrrarum uni

verso (dummodo honeste fisri potu it) servare ave

bat Washingtoniu s. Mala bellis tanta incese pu

tavit, u t, nisi necessitudo m axima posceret, ea'

non suscipienda au t sum enda arbitratu s sit.

Dom ini Jay lsgationem , u ltim am cum Britan

n is pacem servandi rationem ,merito, duxit

‘ Wash

1 Ratio, &c.,“one method only remains, and the same points

out to seek the truth, and follow it alone.

” A noble sentiment.

2 Veriss’

mil e,4m ,

“it is altogether probable, thatW ashington had

long since resolved to ratify the treaty , and that he considered it

(the treaty ) as being better than war.”

3 Ba, &c., (scilicet, bella,)

“that he thought they should not be

undertaken or engaged in, unless the greatest necessity should

demand it.”

s t it, &c., W ashington deservedly considered that the em

bassy of M r. Jay, was the last method of preserving peace with

the British, and thus the rejection of the treaty just now made withtheBritish, bewell knewwould, assuredly,be theharbinger ofwas.

”

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160 wasnrrt er ortrr vrra.

Cum sententia isto pre sidi nunciarentur, re

spondit, diem se ad deliberandum sumpturum .

Eo, au tem , tempore, angustiis magais premsbatur

Washingtonius. Fmdus istad vu lgu s improbabat

illi, qui sententia hujusce au tores fuere, sese csr

tiores, isto de feeders,fieri tantummodb postu lavere.

Nee, verb, ignorabatWashingtoniu s, siCongressus

volu n tati, has in re, non obtsmperavsrit, neminem

non dictu rum , pra sidie cu lpa au t incuria, fcedus

tam tu rpe cum Anglis percu ssum fu isse. At 0&

cio fideliter fungi, nu llhque pallescere cu lpa,Wash

ingtonio vu lgi favors caries fu it . Rempublicam

Am ericanam salvam tu tamqu e tenere, ju sju ran

dum lcogsbat. Fmdsra’ ferisndi potestatem pe

nes prossidsm esse, st leges ita volu isss, Wash

ingtonio plane videbatu r.

Has cogitationes secum diu ipse volvens, huju s

cemodi responsum ad Congressum m isit . Sen

tsntiam ’vsstram , qu se me chartas, documen ts , st

praecepta flagitavera t, qu ibu s fretu s legatus Ameri

canu s, qu i ad sancti Jacobi au lam apud regem

l Jusjurandum,-c.,

“his oath (of office) constrained him to

keep,” Ste.

2 Fades-a,-c.,

“ it plainly appeared to W ashington, that the

power of making treaties was vested with the president, and that

such was the intention of the laws.”

s Sententiam, &c.,

“I have diligently pondered with myself; inmy mind, your resolution, (opinion,) which called on me for the

papers, instructions, and directions, on which the American ambas

sador (Mr. Jay) relying, who had been sent by me to the court JSt. James, near theBritish K ing, made a treaty with that king.

”

wasnrrt cr om r vr'rs . 157

Britannum , a me m issus fu erat , fmdus illo cum

rege psrcu ssit, sedu lb mecum ipse m en ts agitavi.

Mu l ta ‘ m ihi diu volven ti, hzec potier sen tentia

visa . Fosdera feriendi, qu avis cum gen ts, facu l

tatem ’

prmsidi legibu s m andatam esse. Senatum

verb Am ericanum finders sancire, au t irrita edi

eere posse . Illos, au tem , qu i decretum‘ istud ad

me m isers, nu llam omninb potestatem tale ali

qu id pre sidem poscendi habere. Q u ocirca, de

creta il lorum obsequ i, a u t morem gerere, nequ eo.

”

Etsi chartarum flagitatio, partim procedebat,

consilii, tamen, istiu s fau tores pecu nias fwderi

vim addendo necessarias strenue denegaban t.

Sancitum ,tandem , fe das, civibusqu e per edictum

nunciatum , u t fmderi au dien tes essen t . Pecunias

vim fcederi addendo necessaries denegare, ndem

publicam necessarib imm inu issst . Cum disceps

tatie longa facts esset , pecu n ias fmderi servando

necessaries prmbere, mgerrimea Congressu decre

Q uamvis has in re,Washingtonius n il per se agi

volu it ; tamen ,‘ex eju s consilio fmdu s sancitum

plane liqu et . Feeders, enim, isto,

‘

a prmside et

1 Mal ta,-c.

,this resolu tion seemed better to me

,revolving

many things for a long time.

”

s Facuttatem, &c.,

“that the power of making treaties with anynation, was committed by the laws to the president.

”

8 Decretum, that vote” or resolve (of the House ofRepresenta

tivsa.)4 Tamen, Q-e., yet, it was plainly evident that the treaty was

ratified in consequence of his (Washington’s) advice.

”

188 wasm rt erorm vru .

Congressu sancito, pecunias, feederi necessaria,

misil summa cum famm jactura, denegari nequi

bant. Fmdus istud, ita cum Britannis percussum,

plus commodi quam damni Americanis at tu lit.

Lites an tiques compescu it, amicitiam consuetudi

nemqu e' mu tu am duas in ter gentes restitu it. Ut

propugnacu le Britannica, intre civitatum finders.

tarum Americanarum fines posits , sine certamine,

au t vu lneribus u ll is, Am ericanis dederen tur, fcs

dere isto efibctum .

‘

Q uamvis commode nonnu lla, fa dere isto, Bri

tannis concessa fu issent , nu llum , tamen , ftedus

Americanis commodiu s, illo tempore, a Britannia

impstrari au t extorqu eri poterat. Cum ‘ iram ani

mosqu e ratio sdomu erat, tandem u su compertum,

Washington i i, isto de finders, consilium ,pra ter

epem Americanis m u ltiim profu isse.

Etsi‘l ratio cum Britannis agendi scopu losa st

difiicillima Washingtonio fuerat, pacem , tamen,

cum Gs l lis conservendi spes m u l to esperier. In

Gal lia res novm, civitatumqu e fe deratarum Am eri

1 M ai,-c.,

not without the u tmost loss of character, could be

denied that is, the moneys essential to carry the treaty into effect.

8 Consuetudinem,-c.,

“and mutual intercourse between the

two,” 8m .

3 M ectum,was accomplished.

4 Cum,-c., when (afler ) reason had overcome wrath and ani

mosity , it was at length found, by experience, that W ashington’s

counsel, respecting that treaty , had been of much service to the

Americans, contrary to their expectations.

”

s Etsi, &c.,“although the manner of treating with the British

had,” Ste.

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180 wasnrrterorm v‘

rra.

neves longas plurimas armare, bellumque gentibus

America amicis indicere, militesque Americanos

ad id bellum conscribere, haud dubitavit. Naves,

porrb, ques ceperint Galli, in judicium vocanda ,

damnanda , et vendenda , Genetie ipso judice,erant. Necdum aWashingtonio pra side adhu c

agnitus est .

Dum per civitates alias iter faciebat Genetius,

eadem amoris atqu e amicitia pignora sr indicia a

civibus ubique accepit. Res‘ nova Gallica au tem,

qua generis humani adm irationem exciverant,

Washingtonii prudentism claram st manifestam

facere. Etsi Gallorum consilia secretb improbabat

Washingtoniu s, ists., tamen, cum gents, pacem

servare voluit. Genetium , itaq ue, legatum Gall i

cum tandem agnovit,‘

qu anquam graves cum

pra side inim icitias, bonis'omnibu s invisas, jam

dudum sxercuerat. Washingtonii modestia difii

cu l tates omnes facillime su peravit, et qu emvis

auctoritas‘ ejus libellis famosis opprobrnsqu e varns

war, and to declare war against nations at amity with America,and to enlist American soldiers for that war.”

1 Res, -c.,“the French revolution.

” Res news, is taken for a

revolution, or change of govemmsnt, by the best writers.

s Jignoeit, doe ,“he, (Washington,) at length acknowledged

Genet, (in quality of) French ambassador.”

i Bonis, Q's hateful to all good men.

”

s d uctoritas, 4m: and, although, his (W ashington

’s) authority

branded by libels and various reproaches.” Libelli fi n est

wasnrrt ere rtrr m s. 181;

notabatu r, ejusque m inistros‘rebu s sibi h pra side

mandatis infideles esse anonnu llis pelam pra dies

batur, pau lumqu s, qu in plebs in defectionem aper

tam srumpsret, abfu it, Washingtonn, tamen, pru

den tia invicta pacem et concordiam restitu it.

l M inistros, Ga , and, (although,) it was publicly aflirmed bysome, that his servants (in the administation of the government)were faithless to those things committed to them by the prei dent.

”

10! wasnntsrorm n u .

CAPUT UNDEVICESIMUM.

Civitatum fa deratam n Prcses bis electus estWashingtonius.

apud Perisios Americana, negotium datum est u t Genetiss

d civibus su is reoocetur .—Hoc tandem d Galls

'

s impstra

tum .—Fauchetius, et, post sum , Adetius, legati Gallici mit

tuntu r .—Insignia Gallico, qua prasidi Amer icana donars

j ussus erat, secum af er t Adetius.—Ad Adetii orationem

responsum Washing tonii.—Pinclmeyum ad Remymblicam

Gallicam legat Washing tonium—Galli eum accipere haud

dignati sunt .—Mag istrata summo sese abdicat Washing

Wasnrrtcr om us, civitatum fa derats rum Am er

icanarum pra ses bis electu s fu it ; ennosqu e octo,

per qu os rerum Am sricanarum jus st moderam en

behebst, pra sidie summ ique m agistratfis‘oflicio

fidelissime est functus. Philadel'

phia ,

’u t plu ri

mnm , hebitavit, ubi u xor eju e, tam ob su as, qu hm

ob m ariti inclyti, virtu tes,‘

a civibu s cu nctis honors

summ o est atl‘

scta . Nonnunqu am , tamen, mon

tem Vem on ium revisers gestiebat Washingtoniu s,

ubi otium 'ru sticum cum rerum publicorum cu ris

comm iscere m inim é dedignaba tu r.

l Summique magistrates, and of supreme magistrate.”

3 Philadelphia , &c., he dwelt (when president) for the mod

part at Philadelphia, where his wife was highly honored by all the

citizens, as well on account of her own virtues, as for M e of he

renowned husband.

”

a Otiunt, 6's. the retirement of a country lifi.”

N 2

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I“ wasarrcar orrrr n u .

quemvis servitu ts oppressam, libertatis signatex

plicantem conspicio.

”

l lli, porro, qui Genetic su ccesserant, vestigiis'

ejus, plerumqus nitsoan tu r, m ultisque de rebus,

qua bello hocce pra sente atrociter fieban t , merito

qusrebantu r. Galliam ,‘ dimcul ta tibu s omnibus

sripere, in quas spou ts sua inciderat, incassirm a

pre side ten tatum . Legatis‘ Gallicis sa penumerb

jam antea dictum, fa du s nuperum , cum Britannia

percussum , querimonia cau sam Gallis nu llam

prabere oportere. Pacis cum Gallis conservando

avidas pra ses, Pinckneyum , du cam Americanum,

ad rempublicam Gall icam legavit : at Gallia mo

deratores eum accipere ne qu idem dignati sunt, st,é finibu s reipuhlica Gall ica de

'

cedere, e vestigio,

jusserun t. Ad hoc, naves Americana , a navibus

Gallicis ubiqu e capieban tu r. Cum Pinckneyum

ad rempublicam Gellicum delegasset Washing

tonius, con troversiis omnibus finem imponere valds

cupiebat at eum spes ista fefellit, et, priu squam

nu ncii certi e Gall ia afferri potu issent , Washing

Sig-nu, &c., unfolding the standard of Liberty .

”

2 Vestig-iis, 4m, trod, for the most part, in his (Genet

’s) foot

steps, and justly complained of many things which were cruellytransacted in this present war,

”(between the French republic and

Great Britain. )a Gallium,

-c.,“ it was in vain attempted by the president, to

rescue France from all the difficu lties into which she had fallen d’

her own accord.”

4 Legatis, Q1»,“it was often already told to theFrench ambassa

dors, that the late treaty made with the British, ought to afl'

ord

no,” 8m.

wasnrasr orm vrrs . 188

tonius magistratu summo, quem per annos octo,

u t su pra dictum est, tenuerat, sese abdicavit.‘

Supervacaneum , in pra sentia, nobis videtu r, ora

tionem” longem, quam sub hoe tempu s, Washing

tonius habu it, hic subj icere ; primum, quod eam

omnes fete noveré ; deinde,‘qubd non tan ti nobis

videtu r, u t paginas plu res, rem in eam , insuma

mu s. Academicis, en im, juxta ac tironibus pro

desse volumu s, simu lqu e, Washingtoni i facta pra

cla ra, ob sorum ocu los, Le tio‘ donata, qu am bre

vrssime proponere. Pau lo post, pra ses, civitatum

fa dera tarum Am ericanarum consilium publicum,

u ltimum ,

‘allocu tua.

‘ Congressum , de temporum

faustita te, ex an imo, gratulabatu r. Opera mu lta,civitates fa deratas mu niendo necessaria, constan

tsr civibu s persuasit agrorum cu ltu i am icu s sem

per fu it Academ ism m il itarem institu ere , enixé

l d bdieaoit, l9a , resigned the supreme magistracy, which be

had held for eight years, as has been said above.”

9 Orationem, &c.,

“to subjoin , here, the long speechwhichW ash

ington delivered about this time.

” This alludes to his valedictoryaddress to the citizens of the United States.

Deinde, &c., secondly , because it does not seem of so much

importance to us, that we should spend several pages on that sub

icon"

4 Latin donata, presented with Latium clothedwith, or turned

3 W m, &c., (scilicet, tempus,)“for the last time ,

”an adjec

tive u sed adverbially ; an occurrence, common in the Greek and

Latin classics.

0 M oi-retire

, 4a ,“addressed the public assembly,

”Viz -i the

106 wasamsr omr n u .

conabatur ; ds controversus Gallium inter st civi

tates fa deratas sic locu tus esse fertu r

Tametsi‘ mala mu lta et gravia, qua nos inter

et nationes exteras extitorun t, jam omninb su pe

rata et pra te rita sint, summo, tsm en, dolore ms

aflicit, vos certiores faciendi necessitudinem ingra

tam mihi impositam esse, rempublicam Gallican

navss nostras, in India occidentali, aliisque pluri

m is in locis, capers, et condemnare, non secus as

si bellum du as in ter gen tes geratur ; m eque vs

hem enter piget, vobis dicere , legatum Gall icum,

qui nunc apud nos moratu r, nos, haud ita pridem,

certiores fecisse, mala ista , de qu ibus nu nc que

t imu r, in posterum ,’non imminu i, sed, contra, au

geri. Pacem concordiamque nos in ter et rempub

licam Gallicam esse, h me semper fu it elaboratum :

pacem servandi volu n tas imm inu ta manet, atta

men , eam ,

‘n isi dedecore summo, conservare ne

qu imw nequ e, tamen , bellum nobis Gallos indic

tu fos, versor . Damna,‘et dedecora, non bel lum,

nobis inferre, exoptant .”

l Tametri, 4m,“although the many and grievous evils, which

have existed between us and foreign nations, are now wholly sur

mounted, and passed by , it nevertheless afl'

ects ms with the utmost

pain, that the unpleasant necessity of acquainting you , is imposed

on me, that the French republic are taking and condemning our

ships,” 8m.

s Poster-um, (scilicet, tempus,) for the future.s Earn, (scilicet, pacem)

“ it,” that is, peace.

4 Dam n , am,“they (the French) greatly desire to bring upon

us losses and disgrace, but not to declare (open) war on us.”

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188 wasmrtarortrr vru .

fu sus, me vehemen ter angst, illos, qu ibu scum sets.

at pericu la communia quondam m s junxsrun t, in

a ternum forsitan relinquere .

”

Calumnia et convieis plu rima qua inWashing

tonium congesta fueran t, nullum ab eo responsum

slicers u nquam poteran t. Epistolarum , tamen,

fascicu lu s (qu a aWashingtonio scrip-

ta fuerant,

u t ejue inim ici volebant,) h Britannis, Christi anno

millesimo septingentesimo septuagesimo sexto, in

lucem em issa fuerant. Epistolae hasce, so con

silio, in lu cem em isé re Britanni, u t invidiam odi

umque apud popu lares Washingtonio crearent ;

longo, tandem , post, tempore, cum pra sidis omcium jam exsequ eretur Washingtonias, epistola

ista , denuo, ab ejus inimicis, in lucem smissa .

Tandem, Washingtoniu s, epistolas istas sese nun

qu am scripsisss planejam aflirmabat.

Tempus jam instabat, qu o Washingtonium im

perium deponete, ‘ ejusque su ccesssorem , Joannem

Adams, m agistratum summ um suscipsrs et assu

m ere Oportebat. Washingtonius et Adams sim u l

ad Congressum incedeban t, ubi ju rejurando sese

obstrinxit Adams, prou t leges postu lant . Lu cu

len ta orationsWashingtonium ad ca lum extul it .

Pra side“novo salu tato, ad montem Vernonium

pergere properavitWashingtonius pr0ptereaquod,

t Imperium deponere, to lay aside his power.”

a Praside, 4m, the new president, via , Adams, being saluted.

Washington hastened to proceed to Mount Vernon, kc.

wasnmar om r vx'f s. 180

otium privatum ei gratum semper fuit. Clam st

secrete so ire maxima avebat,‘vanum ,

’au tem,

fuit id votum ; cives, enim, quocunqu e iret, ei oh

viam , honoris causa, progredi studebant. Hoc in

receaeu ,’ laudibu s debitis ju stisque ad ca lum a

civibu s gratis ela tu s fuit .

Per annos octo, per quosWashingtonius reipuh

lica Americana habenas tenu erat, civitates fa ds

rata Am ericana pace et rerum omnium copia et

viguere domi ; et foris nom en‘

gloriamqus asse

queban tu r. Pecunia ,‘ qu as civitates fa derata

Am ericana civibu s plu ribu s, exterisqu e nationibus

nonnu llis debebant, om nes fere solu ta . Respub

lica,“deniqu e, Americana, adeofirme ordinabatur,

u t"legibus omnes morem gerere haud dubitarent .

Seditio,8tamen , in com itatibu s occiden talibus

l d oebat, Q-e., he (W ashington) was especially desirous of goingthither, (to Mount Vernon,) privately and secretly.

s Vanum, Qa ,“but, that wish (ofW ashington) was inafi ctual.”

l Recessa, Qa , “in this retirement, (via , at Mount Vernon,) hewas extolled, by his grateful countrymen, to the skies, by due and

just praises.”

4 N amm , Qc., they (the United States) acquired renown and

glory abroad.”

3 Pecunia , Q-c.,“the moneys which were due by the United

States of America to many citiz ens, and to some foreign nations,were almost all paid.

”

0 Respublica, Q-e., finally, the American republic was so fimrlyed.

7 Ut, Q-c., that all did not hesitate to obey the laws.” M oi

-em

aliu d gen re, is to humor or comply with any person or thing ; to

yield obedience unto a person .

0 Seditio, Q-c., yet, a mu tiny arose in the western counties of

Pennsylvania,” Ste. This has reference to what is usually known

by the name of Shay’s rebellion.

O

170 wasm rts'rorm n u .

vium sanguine , nequ e longs post ternpore sedate

fuit. Agricu l tu ra ct mercium commu tatio,‘so

pre side, in majus promovebantur ; Indi civita tes

fa deratas Am ericanus timeban t ; gladioequ e suos

in vomerem converters omnes facil lime adducti

aun t. Flumen Missis ippiense navigat e, consensu

tandem Hispania: im petra to, civibus Am ericanis

plane licu it.

Propuganacula, item , qua civita tum fa derata

rum intra fines jam diu tenueran t Britanni, om

nia, ex fa dere,’ Americanis tradita . Mare Mediter

raneum , fa dere cum Turcis'percusso, Am ericanis

jam patebat . Controversia l itesqu e, qua civitates

fe deratas Am ericanas in ter et nationes exteras

al iqu andih fueran t, omnes feré‘componeban tur ;

lites, tsmen, Galliam in ter et civitates fa deratas

Americanas adhu c sub judice‘ staban t .

Postqu am sese adVernonium Mon tem con tulerat

Washingtoniu s, anim um ad agrorum cu ltum sta tim

intendit ; sic, enim ,

‘vita exitum trenqu illum et

1 M ercium commutatio, the exchange of wares,”that is, com

fi erce.

s Er fadere,“according to the treaty by virtue of the treaty.

s Thu-eis,“with the Turks or rather

,by syaecdoche, with all

the Barbary powers.

4 0mm : fere, Q c were almost all settled.

”

0 Subjudice, Qa , as yet, stood under the judge,” that is, were

undetermined.

s Sic enim, Q-c.,

“for, thus, he thought that the end of his life

wou ld be tranquil and serene that is, by abandoning all political

and stats ad'

airs, and pursuing agricultural and rural avocations.

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178 wasnrrtsr ortrr vars.

absummit attamen ,‘ aGallis, civitates fa deratas

Arnericanas bello petitum iri, haud credidit ; cl

sa penumero dixisse fertur, Q uum 'Americanos

exercitam scripsisss, et arma, pro salute et liber

tate, cepisse, a Gall is cognitum fuerit, Gallos

(quemvis fortune dulci ebrii, rebusqu e secundis

elati, ) bellum et certamen omne cum Americanis

illicodetrectaturos esse.

”

Facts, porro, conjectu ram istam verissimam esse

perbrevi docuere quam , enim , Americanos arma

cepisse, paratosque esse ad omnem impetum pro

cu l h litoribus Columbipropu lsendum , h Gallis jam

cognitum esset ; sese statim cum Americanis de

pace agere velle dixeru nt ; qu amobrem , tree lega

tos ad rempublicam Gallicam mittendos cu ravit

pra ses Adams ; qu i,‘ubi so venerunt, reipuhlica

Gallica formam mu tatam , et Bonaparte, hominem

novum , rebus omnibu s pra positum invenerunt.

Cum illo, igitu r, pacem et fa dus facillim e fece

runt ; qu ippe, Galli, eo tempore, rerum su orum

satageban t, et Am ericani omnia quam bellum ma

lebant ; pax, itaque, facillime facts .

1 J ttm sn, Qa , but yet, he did notbelieve that theUnitedSumofAmerica, wou ldbe attacked by the French in war.

”

a Q uinn, Q c.,

“when (or after) it shall have been known by thefi nish, that the Americans have raised an army, and have taken

arms, for their safety and liberty , that the French (al though theywere intoxicated by agreeable fortune, and elated by prosperity)will immediately decline all war and contest with the,

” Ste.

s Qua“

, Q4: who, (that is,which threeAmerican Ambassadors,)when they had come thither, (that is, to theFrench Republic,) foundthe form of the French Republic changed, and Bonaparte, a new

man, (see former notea) placed over all aflhirs.”

wasm rtsr orm vrn . 173

CAPUT VICESIMUM PRIMUM.

Washing tonias, g ala. inflammatione correptus, supremum

diem tandem obit —Jam mie Marshall de Washing tonia,

honor ibusqu e memorice ejaa reddendis, oratio.—Honores

maximi d Cong ressu , popu loque Americana, aunt redditi.—Washing tonii moresfactaqu efusé tractantur .

Drs ‘ Decembris decim o tertio, Christi annom il

lesimo septingen tesimo nonagesimo nono, Wash

ingtonii cervix et capilli plu via tenu i consperge

ban tu r, dum ,rebus ru sticis qu ibu sdam in tentus

,

agrorum cul tum in maju s pronroveri volu it . Nocte

insequ en ti, gu la’ inflammatione correptu s, dolore

maximo, hau stu qu e diflicillimo laborans, vena‘

ante lu cem m crsa fu it .

Postridie, circiter horam undecim am ,an te meri

diem , Craik, m edicu s insignis, et Washingtonn

fam iliaris, ad Mon tem Vernonium , ducis incly ti

sedem , adventavit , summ oqu e in vita pericu lo

Washing ton ium esse recte judicans, duos alios

medicos arcessendos cu ravit .

At horum trium medica artes inanes fu é re

Die, Q-c.,“on the 13th day of December, 1799,W ashington

’s

neck and hair were sprinkled with a thin rain , whilst, bent on some

rural affairs, he was desirous that agricultu re shou ld be promoted.”

8 Gala, Qc., seiz ed with an inflammation of the

l Vena, Qc.,

“he lost blood (by one of his overseen , perhl pfl )before day literally, a vein was cut.

0 8

174 wasam arom r n u .

intra, enim , horas viginti qu atuor, postqu am ac

sesait morbus, placida morte obiit dux incly tus,

pater patria , generis humani ornamentum et de

cus. Ingravescente‘ morbo, se moritu rum plane

providebat, attamen m edicorum consilio obsequ i

moriens haud recu savit . Postquam medicam ina

varia expertu s erat,’ medicos tandem rogavit u t

'

sine u lla molestia sibi smori liceret : instants, eu

tem , morte, vestes exu t, lectumqu e‘petivit, ibique

an imam emavit beatam .

Patien tia invicta, quam per vitam omnem sa pe

numero pra stiterat,'Washingtonium, generis hu

m an i delicias, u se in m orte deseru it. Mortem

sibi instan tem, siedem , qu ibus omnia alia perspi

cers consuevit, ocul is aspexit . Fato‘ cessit, prou t

philosophum , militem Americanum , et Christian

um decu it. Decimo octave mensis ejusdem die,

in fundo suo est sepu ltu s.

Cum Congressu s de Washingtonii morte certior

esset factu s, Joannes Marshall, vir doctissimus,

juxta ac disertissimu s, verba huju scemodi fecisse

l Ingr acescente, Qa , the disease (the croup) increasing, he

plainly foresaw that he would die ; but, yet, (though) dying, he didnot refuse to comply with the counsel ofhis physicians.

”

8 Expertus erat, Qa , after he had tried various medicines,” &c.

l Ut sine, Qa , that it might be permitted him to die without

any molestation.

” Molestia is here placed passively.

s Lectumque, don , and sought his bed went to bed.

8 Pra stiterat, had shown,”exhibited, or made good.

0 Fato, Q-c., he yielded to fate or rather, the destiny or do

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176 wasnmar orm n u .

pem vidimu s. Cum patria charissima eam ad se

daudes tumu l tus, bellumque sibi‘ imm inens ad

propu lsandum ct avertendum, vocaret ; Washing

tonium , otium domesticum, qued ei sem per cha

rum fu it, relinquen tem, et undis”civilibus, civium

commode et libertatem servandi cau se, mersum,

haud semel conspeximus et consilia, qu ibu s li

bertatem Americanum stabilem efi'

ecerat, perpetua,u t spero, semper, crunt .

”

Cum populi liberi magistratus summu s bis

constitu tu s esset, cumque tertio pra ses fieri facil

lime potu isset, ad villam ,‘ tamen, suam , accessit,

seque ab omni munere civili in posterum procul

amovsri, ex animo cupiebat. Utcunque‘vulgi

opinio, quoad alios hom ines, mu tetur, Washing

tonii, certs, fama sempitem a et eadem perm anebit.

Honoremu s, igitur, patres'conscripti, hu nc tantum

virum mortu um : civitatum fa deratarum Ameri

canarum consilium pu blicum civium omnium sen

ten tias , hhc u na in re, declaret .”

I Sibi, (scilicet, and the war hanging over it, (his

s Undis, Qa , plunged, and immersed in civil commotions.”

l d d sillam, Qa , he, nevertheless, (i. c., notwithstanding his

ability to be elected president the third time) retired to his countryseat, at M ountVernon, and he heartily wished to be far removed, in

future, from all civil employments.”

s Utcunque, Q-c., however the Opinion of the rabble, as respects

other men, may be changed, the ferns, at least, ofWashington will

ever remain impsrishable and the same.

”

a Petr-sr, Qa ,“Conscript fathers, let us, therefore, honor,

” Mr.

Senators, and members of Congress, may be called by this name

wasnm c'

rom r vr't a. 177

Q uamobrem , chartas qu asdam htc manu te

neo, de qu ibus Congressos sen tentiam rogers ve

lim ; u t, nempe, civitatum fwderatarum Ameri

canarum consilium publicum pm eidem vient, si

m ul cum cc, gravi de hoc casu , condol itu rum : u t

Congressfis principie sella vestibu s pul lis om etu r

u tque Congressfis pars reliqua vestibus pu llis ia

duatu r u tqu e, denique, idonea h Congressu pa

rentur,l qu ibu s plané m anifestum fiat, Congressum,

virum bello, pace, civium qu e anim is primum , ho

nore summo aflicere velle.

”

HonoresWashingtonio jam mortu o aCongressu

tribu ti, m inimi eran t pm his, quos popu lus uni

versus Americanus tribu endos ei censu it . Per ci

vitates fcsderatas Americanas, honos ci ampl isimusmerito habitus. Civium ,

’enim , dolor, conjugis

liberorumqu e piorum , maritum vel patrem ademp

tum ploran tium ,ma stitiaasim ilis fu it. Plebs, porrb,

sud spon te convenit, an tequam Congressos, au t

civium aliorum de Washington i i morte, senten tias

exqu irere posait. Orationes plu rimas , eju s dc mortc,ubique habita .

lngenia term Columbi pm clarissima, Wash

ingtonii facta fortia celebrando, patremqu e patria

l Percatar , be prepared, by which it may become plainly mani

fest, that Congress wishes highly to honor the man, first in war,

(first) in peace, (first) in the afl'

ections of his countrymen .

”

2 Cisium, 0c ,“for the grief of the citizens was like the sorrow

of an afl'

ectionate wife and children, bewailing a husband or father

taken from them.”

178 wasm ser om r m s.

civibus gratis tam snbito ademptum lu gando, ex

ercebantu r. Ad hoc, honoree plu rimi alii, (p a

neque divitic , neque imperium u llum tribuere cu

ivis unquam poterant, Washingtonio habiti fl iers.

Paren tcs plu ree, grati animi ergo,‘ filios su osWash

ingtonii nomine gaudcre studebant ; hoe, ins uper,

h paupcrrim is, n t plurimum ,

’ factum , qu i Wash

mgtonium nec viderant, nee unquam videro spe

rabant.

Pagi,‘oppida, urbes, vici, comitatus, schol z pub

licaz,Washingtonii nomen sibi sumcre gestiebant ;

adeo u t tam m ul ta nomina probé dignosccre difi

cil limum sit fac tum . Audaces,‘ porro, m u te , qui

regiones incognitas invené rc, in u ltim is orbis ter

rarum angulis Washingtonii nomen p c dicabant.

Washingtonii statu ra procera fuit. l um,‘

quo vescebatu r in montibus, exercitatio abu ndans,

venatio frequ ens, et ru ra amazna, membra ei ve

geta, et valdé dccora dederant. Bobot ie cum de

core conjuncti speciem frons ejue ostentabat . For

ma eju e nobilis, incessus majestate plenus. Nemo,

sine verecundia, ad eum accedere potu it .

1 E136, (for causa,)“for the sake of gratitude ;

” thus Virg'

l,[aim ergo a nimus.”

We have come on account of him.

”

s Ut plurimum,“ for the most part generally, commonly.

s Peg-i, &c.,

“villages, towns, cities

, districts, counties, publicschools, rejoiced to take to themselves the name ofW ashington.

”

4 J udson , doc , fu rthermore, adventu rous mariners,who dis

covered unknown regions, proclaimed the name ofWashington, inthe most distant corners of the globe.

”

s Calm», 0a , the air, which he,” kc.

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180 wasnm or om r vr'ra.

tum , quia comparatio, nisi inter a queles, esse no

qu it ; tum , qu ia, Washingtonium omnibu s viris

magnis, qu i apud veteres vignet o, majorem pu to.

In alios gerendum imperium non pu tabat, an te

quam sibi irnperare didice’

rit. Rationa l pra stabat.

c orem , salem , prorsu s a se alienum esse conti

tebatu r Washingtonii ingenium’ab Aristotelia,

Baconn, Angli doctissimi, et Newtonii illu strissimi

ingenus haud mu ltum abludebat . Sensu ' com

muni u tens, munia omnia, ad qu es ore u no cives

cum vocabant, obire melius potu it, quam si, doc

trine. excul tiore imbu tu s, popu lum Americanum

risu quateret, res acomm uni usu plane abhorren tes

afl'

ectando. Verum et u tile semper appetebat . Sem

per ea sequebatu r, ac plerumque voti‘com pos fu it .

Q uamobrem , mu ltum secum ipse volvit, resque

omnes, qu as discu tere eum . oportebat, sedu lb ad

examen revocandas cu ravit . Nec ira, nec studium

partium nec superbia, nec ambitio cum 5 recto

l Batiam ,

“ in sound practical sense we have no word of ex

actly similar import in ou r language.

8 Ingenium, &c., the genius ofW ashington did not difl'

er much

from the geniu s of A ristotle, of Bacon, (a most learned Englishman ,) and of the most illustrious Newton.

” By these we intend

to convey the idea, that the parts ofW ashington were better adapted

to the investigation of sober tru th, than to display a flippant and

superficial learning, like Voltaire, and his self-styled philosophers.

8 Serum , &c.,

“mak ing u se of common sense, he cou ld better

perform all the (civil ) ofiices, towhich his countrymen unanimouslycalled him, than if, tinctured with more polished learning, he would

shake the American popu lace (by his eccentricities) with laughter,by aiming at things obviously repugnant to common sense.

”

4 Yeti, de fl he obtained his wish, or dedre.

”

wasnm c'rorm VITA. 181

unquam flectere potu it . In rebu s magnis delibe

randis, qu as considerate ci persaape con tigit, om nes

ubique petivit, u t sese his de rebus certiorem fa

ceren t.

Lu ce veritatis ductu s, et conscien tiaprobe actus,

ad judicia optima, plerumque, ferebatu r. Nemo

fot tesse, unqu am extitit , qu i in rebu s tam erdu is,

tamque diflicilibu s, judicare coactu s sit . Rebu s in

ardu is semper feré versatu s, hom inum natu ram

optime callebat, et rationem optimam proposita '

assequ endi. Optimum qu em que eligere sciebat,

et virum laude dignum sibi asciscere ' cognovit.

Ut de Washington ii rebus m ilitaribus pau ca di

cam u s, fateamur’necesse est, cum constantiee

tan tum habu ime , u t neque pericu la, neque difli

cu ltates u llae, movere, au t omn ino flectere pote

rant .—Diflicu l tates omnes, perseverando, facillimé

su peravit ; m odestia repugnantiam omnem vicit ;

ingeniumaauxilium omne m inistrare pots tat . Vin

cere,‘ morando, probe cognovit, laudemqu e ve

l Asciscere, &c., and he knew how to take to himself the man

deserving praise ; worthy of it ; an honorable man.” The sub

stantive noun tour, in the best writers, frequently means, not so

much, praise, or commendation , as those actions which deserve it ;

praiseworthy , or commendable actions. Thus Virgil, Sunt etiam

Me m a prwmia laudi.” Commm doblcdeeds have their own rewards

even here.”

s Fatcamur , &c.,

“it is absolutely necessary that we shou ld con

fess, that he possessed so much constancy, that neither dangers,”

t o. The conjunction at, is elegantly suppressed after necesse.

s Ingenium, &c.,his genius cou ld supply every aid.”

4 Vinccre, 4m ,

“he well know to conquer by delay, and acquired

real praise, by despising unjust censure.”

P

183 wasnm a'rom r vru .

ram, vituperationem injustam contemnendo, est

adeptu s.

Etsi hominum numero, disciplina militari, et

apparatu bellico, hostibus longé dispar erat , nul

lam , tamen, victoriam reportandi occasionem hos

tibus dedit ; nec occasioni u lli ipse deerat, siqua

ab hostibus daretur. —In certam inis ardore maxi

mo, Washingtoni i pruden tia salu ti patria fuit.

Veterum annales Washington ia parem u llum ex

hibere nequeun t. l racundia et stu dio inani omni

plane vacu u s fu it .

Tot natu ra'. dotibus prreditus erat, u t‘nil maju s,

Dei munere , mortalibus unqu am concessum sit.

Washingtonu probitas corrumpi, au t b. recto flecti

haud poterat. Nec’ simu lare, nec dissimu lare

sciebat. Consilia eju e semper honesta, et ab omni

turpitudine longe amota fuere.

Rem publicam sine fraude adm inistrabat ; et

qu idqu id civibu s au t nationibu s exteris sposponde

rat, sincere et. sine invidie, u lla dici volu it . Nec

fraude nec fallacia u ti, ratione u lla, poterat. Dis

crimen sapien tiam in ter et vafritiem statuere scie

l Ut, &c.,

“that nothing greater (than he) was ever granted tomortals by the munificence of the Deity .

”

3 ”ca, Q-a , he neither knew how to feign, nor dissemble.

” Theverb rimulo means, I feign, or pretend a thing that does not exist ;and dissimu lo

, I conceal. or disem ble a reality thus, Sallust, speak

ing of the character of Catiline, says, Simulator, et din imuld or

cry’

urlr’

bet rec” “In was a cowuerfeiler, and a diu rmbler at any

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184 wasnm ar om r VITA.

Pauci,lqu i vu lgb magni dicuntur, au t jam ex

istunt, au t olim extiterunt, qu i virtu tea m agnas

vitus ingent ibu s non compensabant . At longe

a liter Washingtoniu s. Religionem ,enim , sine

severitate, dignitatem sine superbia, modestiam

sine difliden tia, fortitudinem sine temeritate, comi

ta tem sine familiaritate, exercere poterat. Deum,

den iqu e, rebus human is semper prmesse, rectissime

judicavit ; et cum privatu s esset, et cum m agis

tratum summ um gereret, de Dei optim i m aximi

providentia, semper cum metu religiosa locu tu s est.

Ex hom in ibus, qui liberi esse volu eru n t, exer

citum conscribere, rerum necessitate cogebatur

Washingtonius. Cum ’exercitu um Americanorum

imperator esse t, maxim is diflicu l ta tibu s, s t in pri

m is ob cibariorum inopiam , conflictandum illi fu it.

Milites' eum , vestes, cibum agricolaa, au tem , bo

norum prresidium et defensionem , flagitaban t . His

tot difiicu ltatibus circum ven tu s, adeo se gessit, u t

exercitu i simu l ac civibus pariter cam s sit factus.

Civitates,‘ porth , tredecim ,

loco et rebu s seju nc

l Pauci, &c.,

“ few (of those) who are commonly called great,exist, either now, or have existed formerly, who did not compensate

(for) their great virtues, by enormous vices.

”

Cum, &c., when he was commander-in-chief of the American

armies,he had to struggle with the greates t difficulties, especially,

for the want of provisions.

”

3M ilitee, &c.,the soldiers importuned him for clothing and food,

but the farmers, for the protection and defence of their property .

”

a Civitates, &c.,

“fu rthermore,it was

, certainly , not easy to be

done, to recall thirteen states, separated by their situation, and bycircumstances, to harmony and friendship.

”

wsss rsar om r vrrs . 185

tas, ad concordiam ct am icitiam revocare haud

certe facile fu it : quod, etsi difi cillimum erat , ta

m en, a Washingtonio cfl'

ectum. Irael animique

copias inter au strales et septentrionales in tercede

ban t, et odia maxima civitates, undo profecti fu é re

isti m ilites, exagitate aliquandiu non destité re.

Tales igitu r, m ilites, et civitates coercere, et ad

imperium ju stum , et disciplinam m il itarem redi

gere, diflicillim um , procu ldubio, fu it

Tan ta, insuper, fu it Washingtom r modestia, u t

ab exercita cu nctisque civibu s carisimu s habitus

sit. Animam , quoque, aequum in rebu s” ardais,

non scene as in bon is, servare potstat. Animi‘

m’

agnitudinem notaba t mquanimitas illa, fortem

que et mag num eum esse, in rebu s omnibu s, ad

quas obeundas pa tria vocabat, clarissime demon

stravit. Seu vicerit, seu victus fu erit, anim am

eundem semper gereba t .

Honores, qu os a civibus gratis accepit, homines

al ios ebrios reddidissen t ; at Washingtonius, seu

laudaretur, seu cu lparetu r, u t can tes‘ Marpesia

l Ira , &c., resentment, and animosities existed between the

southern ,” & c.

s Rebus, &c.,

in difficult circumstances, not otherwise than in

prosperous ones just as in prosperity.

s Animi, &c., that equanirnity denoted greatness of sou l, and

most clearly showed him to be brave and great in all things, to per

form which, his country called him .

”

4 Cau tes, dc ,“a M arpesian rock thu s Virgil, speaking of

Q u een Dido, rice mag-is incepto cultum sermone moeetur , Q udm t i

dura sites, out out Marpesia center .

” Nor is she more moved (as

P 2

186 wasnrrto'roru r n u .

semper permansit. Ut honoree illi sibi h civibus

gratis haberentur, nu nqu am exegit at cum n ltrb

offerrentu r, summo. cum humanitate accipiendos

judicavit . Washingtonii amor in patriam arden

tissim u s, omnisque improbita tis expers fu it . Ab

istis, qu i patria: amorem semper in ore, su em , au

tem, m agnitudinem in corde gerunt, m u l tum

Washingtonias discrepabat .

Magnaa erant dimcu ltates, qu ibu scum ill i reluc

tandum fu it ; m agna et terrifica pericu la, qu a:

adire et volvere cogebatu r ; at difiicu l tates et peri

cu la omnis , patien tia quadam animi invicta, supe

ravit. Libertatem et leges, generis‘ human i ju ra,

civium felicitati necessaria duxit . Homines om

nes natu reasquales esse semper pu tavit ; at civium’

libertatem, legibu s parendo, optime servat i incolu

mem posse, recte arbitrabatu r.

Rempublicam‘ ben é ordinatam ct compositam

a democratia tum u l tu osa plu rimum distare exie

timavit. Popu li sen tentiam et judicium semper

spectari et respici oportere sensit attamen , ira

rum aestu s subitanei cum a proposito, au t institu to

to) her countenance, by the begun discourse (of E neas) than ifshe stood as a hard flint, or as a M arpesian rock.

1 Generis, 4m,“ the rights of mankind.

”

s Cioium,rte-c., but he rightly judged, that the liberty of the citi

z ens (civil liber ty) could best be preserved safe, by obeying the

laws.”

s Rempublicam, sac , he thought that a republic, well arranged

and pu t together, diflered very much from a disorderly, tumultuous

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188 wasnm o'rortrr vr

'ra.

foris, cum inratione rempublicam gubernandi recta,

avocare, et seducere tentatum fu it ; pericu lum,

au tem, inane erat ; immotus, media tempestate,

qu a eum cingebat, semper perm ansit. Vis ex

terna et insidire facile superaban tu r, et insolentia

peregrinorum incasshm erat. Britannire ‘ magnm,

res inju stas peten ti, legationibus magis quem bello

satisfecit. Galliae, item , moderatoribu s insanis,

nec bellum nec pacem m inabatu r ; at, seu bellum,

seu pax inciderit, paratu s semper fu it, prou t popu li

magnimagistratum summum , tali in re, condecuit.

Apud u tramque igitu r, gentem ,bené audiebat.’

Praesidia Americani omeio fungens, gen tes cm

nes in pace am ices, in bello inim icas esse volait.

lnimicitiarum veterum facile obliviscebatur, cum

commodum publicum ita postu laret.—Tempu s, eutem , nos monet, u t illustrissimiWashingtonii vita

finem imponamu s qu amobrem , ita faciamu s,

Deum Optim um maxim um precando, u t requ iescat

in pace sempitem a apud beatos in cce lis

ever continued steadfast, in the midst of the tempest which eucom

passed him .

”

I Britannia , see ,

“he satisfied Great Britain, demanding things

that were unreasonable, by embassies, rather than war.”

8 Ben! au diebat, su stained a good character ;” for bent, or mali

audirc, (dc se being understood,) is to have a good or a bad name ;literally, to hear well, or ill, of w ere”:

wasnma'

rom r u se. 189

CAPUT VICESI

’

MUM SECUNDUM.

nos omnino, ou t ealtem levieeimd, in Washing toni i cito

tractata aunt.

Fae-rs nonnu lla , qu a carptim breviterqu e in

Washington ii vita perstrinximu s, hoc capite ple

nit‘

is fusiusque enarrabuntu r. De prosapia, ge

n ere, et adolescen tia Washingtonii, satis hujusce

operis-parte priore dictum arbitror. Mu lta dc ejus

virtu te, industria, ac perseverantia invicta memo

rare ac pra dicare possumu s sed ea in pra sentia

omitters satius‘ duximu s : qu ia facta eju e maxime

m emorabilia om nes fere novere ; eorum ,’ itaque,

enarratio nemini jucunda au t nova crit ; quo

circa ad ea maxime, qua nem ini au t admodhm

pa ucis sun t cognita, enarranda fusius nosmet ac

cingamu s. Nonnu lla,’ tamen, fame. vu lgari cele.

brata tractat e, et sententiam nostram dc eis dicere,

statu imu s : facta, enim , WashingtOnn m ilitaris,

l Satiur, &c.,“but we have considered it better to omit them at

present.”

s Ear-um, (scilicet, factorum,) the relation, therefore, of them,

will be agreeable, or novel, to no one.

”

i N onnulla, «se , we have, nevertheless, resolved to treat of

some things, which have become subjects of notoriety by commonreport, and to deliver our Opinion respecting them.

”

n o wasm naros rr vrta.

omnes feré novere ; at qu id de eis sentiat, qu idve

potissimhm laudet cu lpetve Scriptor vita ejus,lectori benevolo explicandum .

Ubi, enim, plu ra in Washingtonu vita niten t,

m aculis pau cis, siqu a existant, Ofi‘

endi lectorem

non oportet. Munia ‘ mu lta, tam m il itaris , quam

civilia, ante, etiam , quam bellum Americanum

ca ptam erat, summa cum lau de obivit Washing

ton ius ; Herbs nostra u sus est legato“Braddockius

fortissimus, infausto illo pra lie, quo dux ipse caci

dit, parsqu e exercitus m axima ca sa ; reliqu e, ta

men , pars,Washing tonu vigilan tie, prudentia, con

silio, et virtu te, tandem a gerrim é fu it servata :

quod’ siWash ing tonii consilio Braddockius usus

fuerit, cladem tantam , profecti) , die isto, non acce

pisset exercitas Britannicu s.

Quam bellum apertum cum Britannia gerere

necessitate dire. cogeren tu r Americani, summo

consensu omn ium , quorum interfu it, qu i exercitui

Am ericano pra esset, electus fu it Washingtonius.

Summam ,enim , virtu tem , consilium , pruden tism ,

et belli u sum in so esse, cognoveran t omnes u na,

itaqu e, voce, imperator summu s a Congressu con

stitu tu s fu it .

l Mania, W ashington performed many offices, as well militaryas civil, even before the American war was begun, with the u tmost

commendation .

”

s Legato, as second in command for he was his aid.

3 Q uad, &c.,but if Braddock had followed the advice ofW ash

ington, the British detachment would not, indeed, have received,on that day, (9th July , so great a discomfiture.

”

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192 wasnrsar os rr vrrs.

itinere terrestri cogsbatur) cum non longs ab iti

neris fine jam abesset, h tribus‘ m il itibu s Ameri

canis in terceptas, et morte consilio militari mulc

tatus, vitam u t specu lator finivit.

Mu ltiWashingtonium pra fectosqu e Americanos

in cum gravius a quo animadvertisse palhm dixé re.

Humanitate mu lta in captives Americanos jam

antea u su s fuerat. Virtu tem invictam m ire. cum

clementia conjunxit. Ne vita, ju re gentium , pri

varetur vir telis, magnopere aBritannia fu it elab

oratum ; vicit, tamen, libertatis Americana for

tuna. Exemplum triste, sed disciplina m ilitari

saluberrim um .

Qaum ad mortem duceretu r Andreus, lachrymas fudisse fertu rWashingtonia s quemvis, enim,

hostis esset, temen , human itate et virtu te ejue mi

randa captu s, necessitatem diram plorabat, qua

juvenem tam egregium morte plectere coactus

fu it .

Q uamvis, au tem , invitissimus fuit Washing

ton ina u t vita privaretu r, attamen ,s tam popu la

l Tribm , &c., he (Andre) was intercepted, on his journey , bythree American soldiers, (of the New-York militia,) who noblyspurned a large sum in gold, and an assurance of future promotion,if they wou ld allow him to prosecu te his jou rney.

” The treacheryofArnold, may be ascribed, in part, to an unwillingness on the part

of Congress, to accede to certain extravagant demands, and the

liquidation of certain debts, into which an excessive prodigality had

plunged him.

a Attamen, &c., but yet, (that is, notwithstanding this reluc

tance, ou the part of Washington, to execute the sentence of the

wasnmarom r vrrs. 1 98

rium , quam hostium , odium , iste in re, omninb

efl’ugsrs non potstat. Etsi enim, necessitatem

diram juvenem egregium letho dandi sibi imposi

tam videbat Washingtoniu s, st vitam cu ivis adi

mere m inims volebat, invidiam , tamen, civium

non evrtars potst at mu lti, enim , cum gravihs in

Andrsum statu isse plans aiebant : qu i‘si eccle

ratus, au t imm itis, au t imbellis fuisset, jurs cum

omnes ca sam dixissen t .

Tan tam virtu tem ,tantamque bellicam fortitu

dinem ,morts indecoraex mortalium ca tu tolli, om

nes fers plotavet s . Nos, au tem , ire, am icitia,

inim icitiis, odio, st invidia omni, penitus vacui,

sum morts plecti oportu isse sentimu s. Specu lator,enim , jure gen tium , procu ldubio fu it . At Ar

noldium tu rpissimum , morts decies repetita, sup

pl icio exqu isite, st pa nis acerbissim is adici oporte

bat . Ad“ classem , verb, Britannicam confu gers

potst at .

court martial, whichcondemned M ajor Andre to death, as a spy,)he cou ld not entirely escape the hatred, as well of his countrymen,as of the enemy, in tha t matter.”

r Q ui, &c., the cau se of the uncommon popular excitement in

favor of M ajor Andre, was his great worth as a man, and a soldier.The court which tried him, relying solely on his own innate love of

honor, did not examine a single witness against him , but rested the

result of thewhole proceedings, on his own confessions. Who coulddeny a brotherly tear to such a man ?

9 Ad, cm ,“bu t he was able to escape to the British fleet.

” The

friends of humanity and martial valor, must ever deplore the nu

timely fate of the gal lant, humane, and unfortunate Andre; while

they must ever exscrate the treason of the infamous Arnold, who,

Q

194 wssm xor om r vr'rs.

Ad alios pra fectos Americanos, qu i sese virtute

au t dedecore, hocce bello, insigniveran t, nunc te

vertamu r. In eis, qui pu lchra, ob patriam pug

nando, vu lnera passi, fuit'

Carolus Lee, dux Am eri

canus, Anglus egregia virtu tis. Dux iste incly tu s,

dum longihs a su is moratu r, captivu s, de impro

viso, factus, ct ad Eboracum Novum perdu ctu s est.

Exercitu i Americano tandem redditu s, st in

gradum pristinum a Washingtonio, ob virtutem

exim iam restitu tus, pra lio apud Neo-Ca sareenses

facto, dedecore coopertus, et apud pra fectorum

Americanorum consilium condemnatu s, im perium

omne m ilitare, per unius spa tium anni, deponete

cogsbatu r. Dedecore notari malebat dux iste ia

cly tus, quam pro Washingtonu gloria certare.

Superbia, enim , ejus‘ m ajor erat, quam u t su a

periorem u llum ferre posset. Q uocirca tu rpiter

fugere, quam fortiter pu gnare malebat fuga,enim ,

sue, Washing tonium , die isto, cladem ac.

ceptu rum m agnam credebat : at sum spes longs

fefellit : qu um , enim , tu rpem ejue fu gam conspex

to evince the sincerity of his late conversion, destroyed, burnt, and

distressed all places, without the smal lest shadow of either expe

diency , or necessity , to which his daring, adventurous spirit cou ld

possibly have access. Arnold possessed one characteristic of a

soldier, and but one, namely , bravery his attack on Q uebec, with

the truly brave Montgomery , is in point : his former gallant ser

vices inducedWashington to confide to him the defence of West

Point.

I Ejur, Q-a ,“his (Lee

’s) pride was too great to bear any su

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108 wasm sor orm vru .

tesimo septus gesime tertio, ad oras tet ra Columbi

appu lit ubi ab omnibus tanquam socius et amicus

antiqu us acceptu s fuit. Dis vigesimo prim e Junii

mensis, Christi enno m illesimo septingentesim0

ssptuagssimo quinto, diplomats‘ a Congr essu do

natus, ad castra Washingtonu tune temporis Can

tabrigia apud Novenglos sita profectus est . Lau

dem mu l tam, apud exercitam , merebatu r Lee ;

tandem , au tem, decimo tertio die m ensis Decem

bris, Christi anno millesimo septingentesimo sep

tuagesim0 sexto, ab equ itibu s Britannia, de impro

viso, captus fu it : pra lium Monume tha , apud

Neo-Ca sareenses factum , imperium eju s m ilitars

finivit. Consilio militari damnatus, ad fundum

suum apud Virginisnses accessit, ubi aliquandiu

moretu s, Philadelphiam' dem igravit, ibiqu e, pets

brevi’ febre correptus, dism“supremum obut .

Proceru s, nasu tu s fu it Les, ad iram velox, mag

nitudinisWashington ii crescentis amu lu s.—Fortis

tar-y capacity : for stipendium from stipe, implies, especially , tint

species of pay which is given to such as serve in war.I Diplomate, &c.,

“ he was presented with a commission (d'

major-general) by Congress, 21st June, 1775.

8 Perbreei,“ in a very short time an

l ive, used adverbially.

a Diem, 4m ,he died

,

”at an obscure inn

,in Philadelphia. This

ofiicer, although he possessed, in an eminent degree, uncommon

energy of character, was certainly devoid of many q ualities not

less essential in the soldier’s eseutcheon ; he wou ld suffer himself

to be rather disgraced, than fight for Washington, at M onmouth ;

his motive must have been envy, not cowardice as he was brave,

perhaps, to a fault.

wasm rtsr orm vrr s. 197?

admodhm erat, mortis pericu liqus metum contsm .

nens, moribu s pravia, irreligiosas, nee Deum , nee

hom ines mu lthm cu rans, libertatis"

quanqu am

amantissimus.

Per u nius spatium anni, imperium m ilitars

deponet e a consilio m ilitari jubsbatur. Mu lti, si

mode criminis objecti sons esset, nimium leniter

in sum statu isse pra fectos Americanos aiebant

alii, con tra, insontem rati, in sum h imiilm se

Vere statuisse consilium m ilitare dicebant ; nos

earn rem in media relinquemus. Talia, tamsu ,

viri jactu ra Americanis incommodum magnum

attu lit .

Hie l fu it vm exitus, qu i sese ob patriam pug

nando persa pe insigniverat : pru dentia, au tem , ct

consilium, ei omninb defuerun t. Utrum . reipuh

lica Am ericana benefactu ru s esset , si apu d ez er.

citum , cum imperio, m ansisset, dimcile dictu est.

Si invidiahaud flagrfisset, sum in hostes fortissimh

dimicatu rum omninb verisim ile est ; apud ez ere

citum Americanum , imperatorem summ um sese

fieri cupiebat ; Washington ium sibi obstare, quo

minhe impetu summi potiretu r, perspexit ; quare’

tu rpitudin is note inu ri, qu am pro patria, au t pro

Washingtonu gloria certars, m al ebat. Mu lti,ta

Hie,“this was the end of a man who had very otl en dis

tinguished himself in fighting for his country .

”

2 Q uare, &c., wherefore, he would rather be branded with a

mark of disgraca tban fight for his country, or firr the glory s

of

198 wasam orom r n u .

men , Washingtonium , in sum gravius a qu o ani

madvertisse dicebant.

Ad‘ pra fectos alios, qui sese bello Americana

insigniverant, nunc veniam us. In eis, qu i libertati

Americana plurimuniprofueru nt, fu it dux Greene,

do insu la Rhodensi oriundus. Is,’ trem ebu ndo

rum numero olim habitu s, pacem duello comm u

tavit. Cum Cornwallis, comite Britanno, Ameri

canorum prisms,“a quo Marts pu gnavit . Pra liis

e. m ultis, qu ibu s interfait, victor, au t, saltem , ind

commodo pervo accepto, ut plurimum , discessit.

Fortissimus‘ jura habebatu r, cautus, pru dens,rei m ilitaris peritissim u s

, vita in tegerrim us, dis

ciplina m il itaris m axim é amans, gloria appetens,

vita profu sus, audax in psricu lis, pecun ia con

temptor. Optimum de so judicium fecit Wash

ingtonius, et return m axim arum cu ram ei credere

non vsrsbatu r . Felicitate summa, m u ltis in pra

liia u sus, virtu te“adeo invicta post cladem fu it, u t,

cum pu lsum st penitus fu gatum sum hostes cre

1 Ad, Q-c, let us now come to other oflicers, who distinguished

themselves in the American war.”

2 Is, &c., he, formerly accounted among the number of quakers.

”

t Prlmus, &c.,

“be, (Greene,) first of the Americans, fought onequal terms with Cornwallis, an English earl.

”

4 Fortiesimue,&c “be was justly esteemed most brave, wary,prudent, very skilled in the art of war, most upright in his life, a

lover, especially , of military discipline, desirous of glory , lavish of

his life, adventurous in dangers, a despiser of money .

”

I! Virtute, 4m, he was (a man) of so invincible courage afit

defeat.”

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380 su mmer-om : n u .

Pau ca, de Laurente, enarranda veniunt . Hicce

pra fectus fortissimus, dum hostium muniments

Eboraci apud Virginienses expugnare conarstur,

fortissimedim icans, cecidit. Modestiam iraorna

ba tur vir iste fortis. Pater‘ ejus captivus turri

apud Londinensss tenebatu r ; quumque libertatem

adipisci, ct amicos du lces, propinquosque charos,

tu rpi crim inis falsi confessions, revisers potu isset,captivus, tamsu , apud hostes acerbissimosmanere,

quam libertatem , dedecore assequ i, maleba t. Tan

dem , verb, post captivitatem longem, patriam re

visere st.Britanniam magnam relinquere s um Bri

tanni patiebantun

Exercitibus Britannia, qu i ad oras tet ra Colum

bi appu lerunt, olarissim i pra fuerunt pra fecti da

cesque . In qu ibus em inu é re Henricu s Clintonias,ct Gu lielmus Howe, equ ites Britanni, nee non

Cornwallis, comes Anglu s, qu i sese m u ltis bellis

Europa is jam antea insigniverat : con tra“ quos

viros, rei m ilitaris peritissimos, et exercitu bono ct

1 Peter, 4aa ,“his father (that is, the father Of Col. Laurens, of

whom we now speak) was detained as a prisoner, in the tower of

Landon ; and when (although) he cou ld obtain his liberty, and re

visit his sweet friends, and dear relatives, by a shameful acknow

ledgment of a false charge, he, nevertheless, would rather remain

with his most inveterate foes, than attain his freedom by dishonor.”

The British government tendered him his liberty , by his making

of his guilt ; and which, of cou rse, he rejected.2 Contra, 4m, against whichmen, very skilled in military affairs,

and firmished with a good and brave army, to contmd, was, assu

wasn ras'roru r run . 901

Washingtonius‘unus, qui contra viros tales de

certaret, idoneas habebatur ; neminem’alium, qui

manere tan ta dignus esset, inveniri minimsdicam.

Hoe tantum dice, nullum alium, qu i res Ameri

canus feliciorem ad exitum perducsre qu iverit, ia

Galli, porro, plurimi, domi nobiles, Americano

rum partes amplexi, ad oras Americauas naves

appu lerunt; In hisfuit La Fayette,Gallus pra nce

bil is, qui Americanorum injuries, h Britannia illa

tas, miseratus, ad eorum subsidium cucurrit . Pra

lia m u lta, quibus in terfait, et quorum pars magna

erat, longum esset dinumerare . Satis in pra san

tia nobis sit dicere, sum , pra liis omnibus fortissime

sese gsssisse, et.Washingtonii gratiam , am icitiam ,

st fam iliaritatem conciliasse .

Adhu c apud Gallos vivit ’ iste m iles fortissimus,

qu i dc libertate Americana optime m eru it ; a ter

num ,

‘enim , nomen fam amque a Britannis clade

l Washingtonius, Q-c, W ashington was alone esteemedfit who

should contend (to contend) against such men.”

s N emiaem, &c.,“ I will, by no means, say , that no other one

was found, who might be worthy of so great an ofiice,” (as that of

commander-in-chief of the American forces.)a This was written before the visit ofLa Fayette to this cormtry,

and his subsequent death—En .

r E ternam, Q-c., for, be derived, by his valor, eternal renown

and fame, fi'om theEnglish, afi

'

ected (by the Americans) with very

great disasters.” Homes has a passage somewhat analogous to

the above : “Dv-sit ab oppressameritum Carthsgine nomen”—“de

80! wn nrnar onrr n u .

maximaafi'

ectis,virtu te duxit. Utinam orasAmeri

canas iterum aspicere illi liceret ! O qu antas gra

tes illi persolveredcbent Americani berdi ill i dico,

(lu i, pat ria, amicis, conjugo chm issimfl, relictis, ad

libertatem non Americanorum tantum , sed generis,

etiam, humani, tu tandam, properavit, Nitamqu e

psriclilis omnibu s objectare, libertatis causa, non

recusavit. Sese,‘en im , hom inem esse

'

recté judi

cans, nil, quod ad infortunia et mala humane spec

taret, a se alienum esse arbitrabatur. Mi litem et

propugnatorem libertatis habcri tantummodo vo

lebat ; et voti certissime compos fu it ; summ am;

enim, claritudinem, ob libertatem pugnando, apud

omnes bonos assecu tu s est.

Civitatum’ feederatarum Americanarum Con

gressus, nudiustertius, ita de La Fayette decrevit

Q uandoqu idem La Fayette, Gallus praenobilis,

civitates hasce fwderatas Americanas denuovisere

vu lt, aCongressu popu loque Am erican a decretum

sit, Americanos omnes, grati anim i ergo, eum vi

dere m agnoperé cu pere ; simu lque decretum fu it,

rived a deserved name from the destruction of Car thage,”alluding to

Scipio Africanu s.

l Sese, &c. ,

“ for rightly thinking himself to be a man thus

Terence,“Homo sum, humani nihil «1 me alienum puto

”—“I am a

man, I think nothing apper taining to human natureforeign from me.”

2 Civitatum, &c., theCongress of the United States ofAmerica,

thus voted, the other day , respecting La Fayette ; Since that (inas much as) La Fayette, a very noble Frenchman

,wishes to visit,

again, these United States of America, be it resolved by the Con

gress and people ofAmerica, that all theAmericans, for the sake of

gratitude, greatly wish to see him.

’

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80! wassmarom r vr'u .

tsntibus, bellum indicere, ct Americanis, rei-um

omnium inopia laborantibus, su ccurrcre, et sappee

tias‘ ferre, ausus est.

Bello Americano tandem feliciter conk cto, Gal

li,’ fideles fortesque socii, demum t ediero ; ct liber

tatis donis apud Americanos capti allectique , im

peru'regalia vestigia omnia penitirs funditusquc

abolete constituerunt ; quocirca,‘rege su o occiso,

inlperium regiam populari commu taban t ; use it

seditionibus au t tumu ltibne diris gravibnsque ah

stinere destiterunt , donec‘ad Napoleonem Bona

parte , fortume filium, rerum summa delata est .

Etsi, de rebus‘ Gallieis novis dicere, 5. re nostra

pa ulo seju nc tiu s erit, tamen , quia in earum"men

tionem incidim us, paucu la nonnu lla, de eis“ hlc

subjicere nobis visum . Supervacaneum in prac

sen tia et it, cau ses indagare, ob qu es bellum hocce

l Suppetiasfer re, to bring succor,”or aid.

2 Galli, Q a ,

“ the French, the faithful and brave allies (of the

Americans) returned hom e.

”

a Impera , &c“ they resolved en tirely and utterly to abolish all

traces of royal governm ent.” It must ever be deplored that the

generou s aid afforded the Americans by the u nfortunate Louis,

shou ld operate as a precedent to commence revolutionary projectsin France, on the term ination of the revolu tionary war in America.

4 Quocirca, &c.,“wherefore , their king slain, (having slain their

king and queen ,) they exchanged the regal government for a

popular one.

” The noun imperio is understood after the adjective

5 Dance, 4m

“until the chief government was conferred on

Napoleon Bonaparte, a child of fortu ne.

”

e Rebus,“to speak of the French Revolution.

”

1 151m m, (scilicet, rei-um nevaram,) of it,

”(the revolution.)

a Bit , &c., (scilicet, rebusnovis,)“respecting it,

”(the revolution.)

wasnrrta'rom r vr

'

u . 900

apud Gallos exortam sit. Clerici‘ Gama, nee non

nobilitas primoresqu e imperium nimis grave in

plebem exercere cmperan t. Ad hoc, Americano

rum exemplo incitati sun t Galli, qui, libertatis bona

apud Americanos videntes, similem sibi felicita

tem fortunamque exoptabant : plures, insu per,apud Gallos, provené re scriptorcs, qui nobilitatis

ct clericorum superbiam et crudelitatem insectari,

et palhm reprehendere, non dubitaverunt.

H ie,’ forsitan, causae extitere, quibus impellen

tibu s, res novas exoptare Galli emparant . Earum

rerum novarum initium de libertate, st generis

humani amicis Optime meret i videbatu r at, can:

bonis initrrs, eventus pessimi provené re ; cives'do

principa tu in ter sese certare ; interficere, tru cidare,

jugu lare, omnia sacra m iscere, tu rbare ; in ter bo

nos et m alos discrim en‘nu llum , omnes bonorum

et dign itatis gradu s pen itirs abolere .

‘

Bellatorum om nium , qu i au t existun t, au t olim

extité re, Napoleon Bonaparte, procu ldubio, maxi

m u s fu it. Rempublicam Gallicam ordinavit et

1 Clerici, the French“clergy .

” The noun eleriew , of Greek

derivation, is not used by any Latin classic. However, it expresses

what we understand by the term clergy , with sufi crent accuracy .

3 Ha , 6-0,“ these were, perhaps, the causes, which impelling,

the French began to wish much for a revolution.

”

8 Gives,-c.,

“ the (French) citizens (began, caper-ant being un

derstood) to contend with each other, respecting the pre-eminence.”

4 Discrimen,“ there was no distinction between the good and

bad.

”

a d bolere,&c., (scilicet, caper-m g)

“they (bega n) utterly to abolish

all degrees of honors and dig nity .

”

B

306 wu nrnoromr 1 m r

m erum iste.

vir inclytus. Illustrissimum Bona

parte, nihil carbone‘notandum patrasse, dum te

t u rn habenas apud Gallos teneret, m inime amt

mare velim ; attamen, eum mu lta creta notanda

fecisse, compertum habeo. Multi, h rebus Gal

licis novis omnino abhorren tes,‘eum tyrannum

crudelissimum fwdissimumque palnm nu ncupa

tha t. Nos,‘au tem , h prwjudicio omni proeni

amoti, et veritatem tantu tnmodo indagan tes, cum

minime crudelem , (qu ippe qu i imperium tentum

tot . in gentes haberet,) extitisse au tumamus. Cle

ricos Gal licos, qu i imperium crudelissimum in ple

bis ejue men tes et animos jam din exercu erant, h

mun iis‘ omnibus, et a republics, procu l amoveu

dos cu ravit.

Herc de rebu s Gallicis dixisse, in pre sentia, suf

ficiat. Omnia, qu aaGalliae rectores faciebant, m i

n imeh Washingtonio probate. fuere. Ingruen te

be lli civilis horrors, Am ericanos,“apartium studio

1 Car-bone, Q-a ,

“ to be marked with cash” that is, to be cen

sured : thus, the poet : Cretd an carbons notandi 7” “fi re they to

bemarked with charcoal or chalk 7” i. c.,condemned or praised 7

8 Jibhorrentes, &c.,“altogether averse to the French revolu tion .

”

0 N os, &c., but I, far removed from every prejudice, and search

ing only after truth, affirm that he was by no means cruel, (as beingone who possessed so great power over so many In

such sentences, I endeavor to give a literal translation .

4 M aniis, &c.,“from all (civil ) offices and employments.

”

s Americanos, &c.,“ it was most difiicu lt (for the executive) to

preserve the Americans free from the z en] of party that is, neu

tral ; as they were disposed to assist the French, their recent allies,and to harass theBritish, their late foes.

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30a wasnmorom r vr'n .

alias, ex cerebri au t nervorum turbamento oriundos,

cortice Peruviano, mercu ric dulci sez ies sublime.

to, aliisque remediis corroborantibus sanare primus

instituit. ‘

Servos omnes, quos, vivus, in servitu te tenuerat

Washingtonius, morts imminente, libertate donari,

ct manu mitti jasait. Testaments, enim, su premo,

servos omnes, post uxoris dilectre mortem, liberos,

et sui ju ris esse volait. Virum, libertatis et wqw

litatis adeb cupidum , mortalem u llum in servitu te

tenere, m irandum certs est.

Attamen, omnes, fare, Virginiam incolentes, qua

in civitate degere decrevit Washingtonius, servos

possideban t ; consuetudo, itaqua, servos habendi

ct tenendi, qua'. rebus, fete, in omnibus, dom ino. et

magistra recte nu ncupatur, cum Washingtonio

facit ; nolim,tamen, ista in re, eum omnino incu l

patam dicere trim , qu ia, tan ti viri exemplum se

cu tos plu rimos, servos su os in libertatem m issuros,

m inime dubitandum est ; tum , qu ia, hom ines cm

nes, cujuscunqu e sint coloris, natu re, esqu el es esse,facillim é probari et demonstrari potest. Viro, nu

1 Institu it, &c., this famous physician first taught to cure lock

jaw ,and other diseases arising from the derangement of the brain,

or nerves,by Peruvian bark, sweet mercu ry , six times sublimed,

(calomet, now known among medical men, by the name of ruhms

rias hydrargyri,) and by other strengthening remedies.” As these

diseases arise, frequently , from a general debility of the system, se

pecially in warm climates, and frmn other causes, such as wounds,

the injuring of the brain , or any nerve, the indication of cure, con

sists, of course, in theadhibition of tonic: and etiam“.

wasnmem rr vi r es zoo

tem , tan tis virtu tibus clarissimrs insigniter, delicti

venia danda.

Testamen tum,‘ insu per, Washingtonu supre

mum, eum acu lpaomni, hac in re, immu nem red

dit ; quippequ i servos omnes suos, post uxoris more

tem , u t modedictum est, liberos esse volait ; generi,

en im , hum ano am icissimu s semper erat : lenior,

enim , magis, quam crudelior est habitus.

De Washingtonii prosapia, genere, et studiis

juvenilibus, satis hojnaes operis in itio dictum pu to.

Patre, adhu c pu er, orbatus, sub matris tu tela ado

levit. Linguam’na llam,

praeter Anglicanam,

quan tum scio, didicit : ad artes, tamen, plu res ln

genu as, mathematicas praesertim , animam sedu lo

appu lit. Terrar mensor fuit : plu rima, insu per,mums, tam civilis, quam m il itaris , summa cum

laude obivit . Vita-3 in tegrita te m axim é enitu it.

Hom inum om nium ,qu os terra Columbi u nq uam

aspexit, au t fot tesse unqu am aspiciet, procu ldubio'

aptissim us fu it, qu i exercitibu s Americanis prmo'

l Testamentum, 6c , furthermore, the last will of Washington

renders him free from all blame in this matter ; since he wished

that all his slaves, alter the death of his wife, as has just now beensaid, shou ld he ties ; for he was ever most friendly to the human

race ; for he has been accounted, rather, too mild, than too cruel.”

s Ling-ream, 4m,

he learned no language except the English, as

far as I know of this, however, I would speak with dillidence,

as there is a diversity of opinion respecting it.

8 Procu ldubio, &c., he was, undoubtedly , the fit test of all man

whom the land of Columbus (North America) ever beheld, or per

haps, will ever behold, who should preside over (to take charge of )the American arrm

'

es,” &.a. Osmium hominum depends on the

superlative adjective aptim'

m n .

R 2

210 wasnm orom r vrr a.

esset, eosque ad victoriam duceret, et libertatem

Am ericanam stabiliret.

Inimicis, tamen , m inime, carebat : quum , enim ,

imperator summu s esset, invidia fiagraban t non

nu lli, magnitudinem ejue crescentem viden tes

nec deeran t,‘qu i, imperium tantum ad Washing

tonium unum deferri non oportere, cumqu e, su re

u tilitatis et commodi cause, bellum , m orando, du

cere, au dacter dicerent. Meritorum , enim , mag

norum comes invidia plerumque esse solet . Q u a

mobrem , eum imperio depellere, omniqu e au ctori

tate exu ere, h quibusdam tu rpissimefu it ten tatum .:

Mens, au tem , conscia rectiWashingtonio sem

per fuit ; qu am , nec hom in um m inm irrequ e, nec

civium clamor prava jubentium , a recto defiectere

u nqu am potu é re . Libertatis’ Am ericana: fortuna

tandem vicit : quod si imperio m ilitari, tu rpium

pau corum civium , summ am rerum afi'

ectantiu m

invidia, priva tu s esset Washingtoniu s, dubito an

liberta tem adipisci, duce alio, qu emvis pre claro,Am erican i potuissen t .

l Deerant,

-c., (scilicet, homines,) nor were (men ) wanting,who boldly said, that so great a command ought not to be conferred

on W ashington alone, and that he, by delaying, protracted and

lengthened out the war, for the sake of his own u tility and ad

vantage.

”

s Liber tatis, spa ,the fort une of American liberty , at length,

prevailed : bu t if W ashington had been deprived of his militarycommand, by the envy of a few base citizens aiming at the chief

ru le, I doubt whether the Americans cou ld have obtained their free

dom, under any other leader, however renowned.”

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212 wasnmoromr vrrs.

bilivit : jus, a qu itatem, pietatem, religionem , ar

tcsque ad humanitatem spectantes, excolebat : et

m ihi, mu lta cogitanti, m u ltaque scru tanti, major

bello, an pace fuerit, dicere, in prim is difiicile vi

detur. Alu redus magnus, contra, artes m ultas,

primus apud Britannos excolendss curavit ; do

literie optime meru it. Alu redus, porro, scriptori

bus praeclaris, qu i facta eju e ingentia memorin

traderen t et mandatent, privatus, vetusta tis tene

bris ferepeniths obscu ratu r.

Washingtonium, au tem , ingenia pre clarissima

ad cmlum tollere certatim nitebantur et morilb'

quidem ; nu llus l en im , omnibus in rebu s ad glo

riam laudemque veram spectan tibus, illo major

vir, deniqu e, probus fuit, patriamque adamavit.

Cives Americani, tcrram latissimam , feracissi

mam , rebus omnibus abundantem possidetis. Con

cordia” valebitis, discordia infirm i eritis. Reli

gionem , scien tism , artesqu e liberales ac ingenuas

excolere debetis ; gratias, imprim is, maximas Deo

Optimo maxirno habere oportet, qu i bellum Am eri

l M dlus, &c.,

“for none was greater than he (W ashington) inall things pertaining to true glory and praise.

”

s Concordia, &c.,“you will be strong by concord, and weak by

discord.

” The only danger to be apprehended to the perpetu ityand felicity of the American Union, must arise from a want of con

cert and unanimity in the several state governments, and from an

unwillingness to accede to the measures pursued by the general

government ; as, by being united among themselves, the states

could bid defiance to the attacks of any power on earth. Perpe

talty to their union !

wasnmer orm vr'

ra. 213

canum , Washingtonu du etu , ad exitum felicissi

m um perdu cere dignatus est.

Collegia, Academ ies, et ludos literarios institu

ere ubique oportet, u t, religio,‘ Dei veri scien tia,

e t ertes vita u tiles ubiqu e vigean t, u t scien tia a

gentibu s cunctis dignoscantu r American i : pacis

stu dia colen t ; in pace, au tem, bello necessaria

paren t. Ju stitie et virtu tibu s omn ibu s egreg ns

insignes sin t, et Deo sol i, libertatis ac bonorum

om n ium eu ctori, gratias semper agent : Washing

tonu v irtu tes semper recorden tu r : fectorum 2ejue

splendorem ob ocu los propositum semper hebean t'

Deumqu e semper precen tu r, u t imperii Americani

felicites perpetu a sit .

Improbos omnes oderin t, m alos pa nis coerceant,bonos honore prosequan tu r : virosa doctos in pretio

habeent ignoran tia ubiqu e spreta jaceet : sit,

deniqu e , in u niu scuju squ e fron te scriptum , qu id de

republics, sentiat . Agricu l tu ram ,m ercium ‘

com

m u tationem , fidem invioletem ement : temperen

tiam , et virtu tes omnes colen t .

1 Religio, &c., that religion , the knowledge of the true God, and

the arts usefu l to life, may everywhere flourish ; that the Americans

may be distinguished, by their knowledge, from all nations : let

them practise the pursuits of peace ; but, in peace, let them pre

pare things necessary for war.”

a Factorum , Se ,

“ let them ever have the lustre of his deeds

placed before their eyes.”

a Viros,“let them hold learned men in estimation .

”

4 Mercium, Q c. the exchange of merchandise,

”or wares ; that

ra commerce.

214 wasnmeronrr vrt a.

PERORATIO.

L ECTOR I BEN EVOL O

S A L UTEM .

Cnnssnnnm r‘ GEORGII WASHINGTONII,

civitatum fa deraterum American erum pra sidis

prim i, vitam , Le tio donatam , mortelium omnium

primu s, in u su s academicos, scribendam cu ravi.

Dua m e ceu sa ad hoc opu s m axime impu leru nt,

u t, nempe, clerissim i viri vita latinitate donaretur,a tqu e de lingue Latina, m e ipsum ad opus tale

accingendo, benemererern .

Quem , vero, bene, et feliciter opuscu lum hocce

perfectum sit, alii ju dicent : hoc tan titm verissime

dicere possum , m e scriptorem au t librum n u llum ,

in ter scribendum , consu lu isse qu idqu id, ig itu r,

scripsi, m emorite r ten tum protu lisse aio.

Doctorum laudem exopto, indoctorum , verb,

laudem et vituperationem juxta a stimo. Hoc so

lum dicam , m e, de l iteratu re Am ericana bene

m ereri volu isse tirones, porro, et indoctos, lebores

r Celeberrimi, &c“I, first of al l men, have taken care that the

life of the most celebrated GeorgeW ashington, first president of

the United States of America, presented with Latium (clothed withLatinity) for the use of universities, should be written.

”

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APPEND IX .

[The following pages contain the views ef our auther rdative to

the best mode of teaching the ancient languages. They were

incorporated by him in his Life ofWashington, but will find, the

editor conceives, a more appropriate place in an Appendix]

Acam mrcrs et Tironibus, in hisce civitatibus

nostris fa deratis Am ericanis, eis, pra sertim, qu i in

ludis‘ literarns operam navant, Salu tem in Do

mino sempiternam . Vobis, lectores candidissim i,

illu strissim iWashingtonii vitam, latinitate dona

tam , Americanorum omnium prim u s, ofi'

erre et

exhibere gestio. Opera pretium facturu s videor,

si de lingu as docendi vere ratione pau cis disseram .

Doctorum plu res, me, tali in re, operam et tempus

deperdere, procu ldubio, existimabunt : quod si,

h i viri, forte repu taverin t, quhm difi cile sit, Gra

cam et Romanam lingu as ad amu ssim callers,”

r Ludts, q-c“schools ;

” the noun ludrrs is used lbr a sehool, bythe best authors : perhaps,rather, a gr amna -sehool.

s Callere, to know perfectly,” (sever-dang torule,) theGreek and

Roman languages : the verb cal ico is used by Horace in this sense ;“Legitimumque roman dig

-ibis collem et w e.” “And are under

d u d a k gitirnd esound by m fiageram d m f which gsod clssl'

e

scholars can do even at this dsy. An inaceta'ste pronunciation d

'

Greek and Latin sbould be avddsd.

210 ar rnrtnrx.

quhmqu e mu l thm temporis, in earum studio prose

qu endo, necessarib insum endum sit, et, denique,

quhm pau ci de linguarum earum doctoribu s,‘vere

eruditi et doctrine. excul ti sint, certe scriptori cul

pam , si qua sit, condonare ct ignoscere haud gra

vabun tur.

Americanos' ingenu afi'

atim ad quemvis lin

gu am seu scientism optime intell igendam habere,negari nequ it. Attamen, qu i linguas eas t eeth

doceant, fere ubique jam desant nec gymnasiis

qu idem nostris, au t collegiis, viri semper invenian

tu r, qu i dc Gra cis et Romanis l iterie ben é meriti

sint. Plu res, au tem , annos, linguas eas alios do

cendo,‘ insumpsi, al iorum vestigiis omninb nitens ;

at mihi, mu l ta din volventi, doctorumqu e' insci

tiam mecum miranti, forte lubu it attendere, qua

tandem infortuna tanti cau se esset. Q uocirca,

qu id u su didicerim , qu idqu e aliorum de ratione

sentirem , breviter exponere, strictim et singu la

qua qu e cerptim attingens, in pra sentie, nosme

tipsos accingamu s.

Lingu erum , en im , earum , de qu ibus nunc agi

Doctoribus, Q-c the teachers of these languages.

”

s Americanos, doe

“ it cannot be denied, that the Americans

possess enough of genius, to understand, very well, any language

or science.”

sDecent, &c., (scilicet, hominem)“but yet (men) are now want

ing, almost everywhere, who can teach those languages correctly.”

aDeca de, do .

“in teach'

ng others these languages.”

1 Doctorum ,“of teaclrers ;

” from doctor, s teamer.8

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n o arrsnnrx.

juxta ac doctissimos, deficiente crumena,‘ca pe

ram , et doctorum'aliorum , me doctrine et usu

longe antecedentium, vestigia sedu lb insequ ebar.

Cau sa' maxima linguarum doctarum inscitin,

mihi quidem in so posita videtur, quod pu eri, jam

inde ab initio, nil nisi Latineloqu i et scribers non

assuescant. Q uamobrem nil nisi Romanum in

Schola dicant et audiant ; pra ceptorcs, porro,

strenuam navent operam , u t nihil, nisi Cicerone,

au t Sallustio dignum, discipu los‘suos eloqu i aut

scribere sinau t . Aliqu ie fortasse, literarum Ro

manarum omnino rudis, hlc objiciet, tironem

nu llum , nisi priits lingua Romana rudimentis

geniths imbu tus fuerit, aliqu id auribus Romanis

gretam loqu i au t scribers posse.

” Querelam bane

(etsi ab indoctioribu s, u t plu rimum , proveniag)magneex parte, veram esse, libentissimeconfiteor.

‘

r Ornament , 0a ,“my purse failing :

” that is, my finances be

a Doctorum, i9a ,“and I carefully followed the footsteps of 0th.

teachers, far excelling me in learning and experience ;” l ectorssr,

in this passage, comes from doctor, a teacher.

a Coma, be , the principal cause of the ignorancs ef the learned

languages, appears, indeed, to me, to consist in this, because boys,all along from the beginning, are not accustomed to speak and

write nothing bu t in Latin.”

0 Discipulos, Qt ,“ they wou ld permit their scholars to utter a

write nothing, but what is worthy of Cicero or Sallust.”

s Coaliteor, (ea ,“I most willingly acknowledge, that this com

plaint (although it proceed, for the most part, from the illiterate) isin a great measure, true.

”

m anum . ” I

Attamen,‘quo oithe Latina loqu i, ct exercitia Ro

mans scribere posait puer, ch certemelihs.

Collegiorum, igitu r, ludorum que omnium lito

rariorum curatores, nu llos Professores au t doctores,

nisi qu i lingufl. Latina, non secits ac Anglicana,

u ti sciun t, adhibere debent. In gymnasiis publi

cis nostris, doctorum et Professorum omnium, quos

dc literatu re Romans, tractare oportet, sermo‘

plane Romanus, non civitate donatus, videatu r,

Tales, porro, viri, inveniri possunt, dummodo Col

lsgiorum nestrorum cu rato res, ire, am icitia, ini

miciti'

a , odio, invidia, prajudicio fa do, in docto

ribus el igendis, pcniths, om issis, publico duntaxat

commodo inservire velint. Terra, enim , Columhi,talibus viris certissime abundat. Collegrorum ,

‘

au tem, nestrorum cu ratores, in doctoribu s et pro

fessoribus eligendis, libidini su re, magis quhm u ti

litoti publ ica consu lere malunt.

1 M a rs, 0a ,“but notwithstanding (this concession ) the sooner

a boy can speak Latin, andwrite Latin exercises, (it is,) assuredly,the better.”

a Ber-mo, fie , the discourse and conversation of all teachers

and professors, who are to treat of the literature of the Romans, in

our public colleges, should appear altogether Roman, not thatoffirs

signer-a.” (See what has been said on civitate donare, in former

notes.)a Collegiomm, 4c ,

“but the trustees of our colleges, in electing,

t o ,” the noun collegium is compounded of the inseparablepreposition

an , together, and lego, I collect. Now, it cannot come fiom the

pu res t tense of colliga, because the second syllable, te, would in that

“ ba shes-t ; but from the perfect tense, coll igi : as nouns in theGreek language are derived from difl

'

erart team of verbs.

m ar raumx.

Classicos, insuper, scriptores, tamGra ces, quam

Romance, non sermone patrio tan tum , sed ejus

dem fete significationis verbis, Latine, interpretari

et exponere ad amussim sciunt. Greece, porro, ex

oreitia, jam‘ inde ab initio, scriberc discan t . Greece

loqui invicsm, coramque pm ceptoribus assuescant ;

lingnam Anglicanum , u t ita dicam , oblivisci ali

quandiu studean t.

Orationis partes omnes, ru ter’recitandum , pra

ceptore doctissimo pre sen ts, enumerate, earumque'

nexum et relationem mu tuam , nu llo monen te, au t

corrigente, debent . Collegiorum , porro, nestrorum

curatores, professores, et inspectores, gradu s, in ar

tipu s liberalibu s, indignis indoctisve m inime con

cedere eportet . Nemo,‘enim , baccalaureatu, ali

ove gradu academico, qu i Grmcam et Romanam

lingnam (doctrinaaomniafundamentum ,) non secus

ac sermonem patrium ,loqu i, scribere, et legere

nequ it, donari debet .

c indocti hebetesque aliqu i (stolidu m pacu

dum genu s,) procu ldubio objicient, “Nu l lum feré

corum , qu i“ad linguarum doctarum stadium ani

1 Jam, 4ao.,all along from the commencement.”

s Inter , at the time of reciting,” du ring their recitations.

s Earumqu e, (scilicet, par-tiam,) their mu tual

4 N emo, Q-c“for, no one, who cannot speak , write, and read

the Greek and Latin languages, (the basis of all learning,) nuotherwise than (just as) his native tongue, ought to be presented

with the degree of bachelor, or other academic degree.”

a Q ul, this relative accords with the number of m m, and con

sequently requires decaf-num, to be in the plural.

8 2

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m m ason .

incipic t, pcrqu e annu um decem spat ium in eis ia

vigilnbit, easqu e noctunfi versabit menu , versabit

(llama ; pallescc t super his, Venere et Baccho ah

stinebit : qaum , denique , ex ephebis decen af it iste

ju venis, manumque feru la subduxerit, patria u tilis

fist, u tilis et ballerum et pacis rebu s agendis erit ;

Americanosque tum gentibus cunctis doctrine ct

scientia pre stare, vere dici poterit. At nos, for.

tasse, longius a scope erravimus, dum senten tia :

nostram de linguas docendi ratione aliis explicate

volu imus.

xJ nm tln’

s counsel ot'

cm eneiug dle smdy d ths learned

m un the twentieth yssrfi s wan anted by tbs soundeu u

F IN IS.

VOCABULARY.

Aeol rro, 8m, epi, act . to Assum e, a, um. part . taken a

take ; to accept o ; to receise ; way .

to hear ; to treat . Ant e, adv. so ; to that pass in

Accws, ii, n. 2. a man’s no ne, son-itch that .

Accius . An s, Its, in ct n, ituru . neut. to

Aconivxs, is, 0 . adj. up hill ; steep ; go to ; to come to ; to undergo;to undertake.

Accbu , a , c . g. an inhabitant . Ann -rue, a, um . part. having got.

Accassco, Ere. evi, é tum . neut . ten ; obtained.

to g rain ; to increase. Ani auir o, i re, ivi. Stuns. act . to

Accdai 'rr , adv . cautiously ; care ride up to or by .

“Ann -ma, ii. aman’s name, Adel .

Accuaao, Ere, ri, sum . nea t . to Am in o, ere, ui, Itum . act. to

run to. call ; to use ; to ensploy .

Assasru s, i tis. f. harshness ; Annuc, adv. as et .

hardship. Anloo, é re, agi ,Aoaaaus, a, um . adj. severe ; bit drive ; toforce ; toter. Abb ie, bro, emi, ptan . act . to

Acssvus, i. m . a heap ; a pile ; a take away .

nin scoa, i, ideptus. com . to

Auras, bi. f. the sharp edge or get ; to obtain.

point of any thing ; the sight Anir us, tis. m . a way , entrance,of the eye ; an army in battle passage, access,order ; sha s of any thing ; Am in es , brie. m . an aidsrany part a an army . helper , an assistant .

Aoauiao, ere, sin , sitam . act. to Anrdvo, are, dvi, utum . act. to

acquire ; to get . assist ; to favour .

Acu '

ras , acrius, icerrime . adv. Ann lm s'

raa'rro, (mis. f. w e

valiantly; earnestly; strenuous rnent ; administration.

ly ; severely ; fiercely . Austin: s'rso, Eire, ivi, i tum . to

Ac'rro, ( mis. i. an action ; actio administer ; to manag e ; to

gratiorum , a vote or expression ru le ; to command.

of thanks. Anm 'r'ro, Ere, misi, ssum . act . to

Ac'rus, a, um . part . done ; led. admit .

AD, pre p. to, at, for , until , to Annob on , adv. very ,gveatly, truwards, against, be ore, accord

ing to, with regar to, upon . Annexes , é re, ui, ltutu . act . to4”h uman , ii. n. an adage, a pro admonish ; to warn .

verb. Andanscsns, tis. c. g. a young“Ani m u s, n . a man

’s name. man .

Ani no, i re, evi, atum . act. to love Anbaascan'ru , a . f. youth.

greatly , wantonly . AnoLasco, ere, evi, altum . incept.ADAUGEO, ere, xi, ctum . act. to neut . to gr ow.

increas e ; to reinforce. Anomoa, iris, v. Eris, iri, ortus et

Annico, ere, xi, ctum . act . to sell ; orsus . dep. to assaul t ; to ai

to devote. tack.

Amwa

ya, um. part . devoted ; Anomvo, are, i vi, atum. not , to

ictc to re ; to u'

Anne, bra, idi, itum . act . to g ive ; Anscrsco, J a ime .

q t?

Anson , fui, esse . neut . to be pres

Annfrco, bra, xl , turn . act. to lead ; ent ; to come ; to assist ; a;to

gr

ze

evail with ; to induce. g ree with.

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A l a, aia, sit, aiunt, def. hapat i. Assm s, tia. c. g. aubt pou a

Au , 0 . i. the wing of a bird. An ioo, in , act . ts gs a

Au cn , v. aria, ciia, era. eheer boat ; to sm nd ; to doubt ;1. activa ficm . ready

Aafrcain s, atia. i. cheerfnlness, Axao, be , be. adj. pl . hath.alacrity , eag erness,pron-pens“ . Al liance, 0 . f. the m e 4 a

Au xm vaa, dri. a man’s name, country , America.

An nicm s, a, um . adj. AmeriALu au unu , a . f. the name of a can .

place, Alexandr ia .

Al iens,An imus, a, um . adj. another Aldous,man’s, of another country, for Amm o, ssum . act. to

send away ; to dismiss ts

Aaiq uu mw , adv. a good while, lose ; to onsst.

Aardvaimo, adv. sometimes, at stream.

th.

AL iq vam xm s, i. n. dim. a small to admire.

AI G NUB, a, um. adj. tau nt.

Au q vm dw a, a. um . [used delicate, delightful to eye.chiefly in the neuter] Alignan Ax on, 6ria. In. love, J eation.

tulum . adj. at adv. dim . a very Ami n o, are, bvi, atum. act. to

little, somewhat .

Ad agio, v. l l! Au ru c

'roa , ti, xus . to surround;

qm

thing . adv. camp. more, longAai'rn , adv. othen eise, else.

Ann

i ;a, ud. gen . Alias, and her, n ew s, a, um. ad

'

. ample, large,at great, nt .

‘ALLEGBANl l NOIS, is, 0 . adj. Al Axusais, is. i. a massn’s or

leghaman . panter’s ru le.

ALLiCio, are, lexi, et licui, laetum . Anvnau a, ii. a man’s name, An

act . to allure.

ALq uon, i, ciitus sum . dep. to OANaLu , at . f. thename sf a vastn

ALo, are, u i, 51l et altum . act . t Anau cu ws, a, um . adj.Eng lish.

to feed, to ma intain . ‘ ANGLICUS, a, um . ad'

. Engl ish.

ALTE, adv. on high, deeply .‘ANGLUS, a, um . adj. Eng lish.

ALTER , é ra, 6mm . adj . g en . Al aubat . an Englishman .

té rius another . Altar—alter, Axoo, é re, nxi, nctum. act. to

the one—the other ; a second. vex.

21mm , i. u . aubst . t

xedmain sea . ANGfiw a, i. m . a corner .

w as, a, um . part. Axous'r ia , m. f. plea ty'

disAu ras, a, um. adj. high, lofty , tress .

P"

noble. Au tum vn'ro, 6m, 1, num, act.

‘Ah uxt nus, i. a man’s name, Al to pun ish.

fred. Amino, are, hvi, i tum. act . to a.

An m g g um. adj. vide Amo courage ; to spirit np ; tv n

CD08 .

Am os, i. m . the soul , themind, Am e, a, ma . past .fitted, prvpar,

pun, pre p. close by, nigh

Au rel i us, is . e . adj. of a year . at , m ug , in , before.Annalee, in plur . se. bh l i. his Aaa , e . i. an altar .

orics or chronicles . Aaair nivu , i. n . judgment, will,Ammo, i . m . a year .

ANNUUS, e, um . adj. yearly . Anni'n ou, iri, hm . dep. to arbiAu'

ra, prep. be

Aur a , adv. be oref Anson et Annos, bris, f. a tree.

An na, adv . t . e. ante ea. before, Aaca , an. i. a chest, a coi n , ”

a oretime, former ly , hereto ark.tNova-Arca, the

‘name ofare. a place, Newark.

Am i cfiuo, Ere, aai, ssum . act . to Ancno, 6m , cu i, act . to keepgo before ; to surpass ; to w el . of ; to drive away ; to m a to

Am r i ne, fet e, tuti, ll tum . act . protect.

to get before , to prefer ; to es Ancnaso, 6m, ivi, item. act. to

call ; to sendfor ; to procure.

m i q uam, adv . before that . Anvnns, tis. part . a . num . es: part.

Am 'i i'rvs, adverb. of old time, illustrious, earnest, ardent.long ago. Aanou , oria. m . fervour , earnest

Am iovus, a, um . adj. ancient, ness, rag e, ant , .ardour

Animus, a, um . adj. h, é fi“

Am-omne, ii . a man’s name, An cult, arduous .

thony . M od-sum , i. n. a proof as

A mm o,

“

ire, m i, rtum. act . to evidence.

open ; to Anis'ro'rau s, is. a man

’s name,

An n'rus, a, um . part . a . adj. Aristotle.

Anna , 6mm. pl . 0 . arms, war .

Aeri a l -m s, us, m. provision, Anu i u an'

rim un , i. u . an ar

equ ipage, rniture. mory, an arsenal, a magaz ine.

Ar r i uao, ere, ui, itum , vent. to Anu i'

rt'

u u , n . f. armour .

a l i i-os, a, M. awed,

Arm ere,fi reb al l : act . fu rnished, pr

to bring to toforce ; to Annam u , i . n . a herd of largeapply ; to come to. cattle , oxen ; horses .

A nim u s, tis. adj. eavetous, de vAnnow w s, ii. a man’s name,sirous 0 . Arnold.

A ni a-o, ere, inet ivi, itum . act . Aaniuao, ere, risi, riaum. nvut.

to desire earnestly to assault ; to

to aspire to ; to attempt Aanieo, are, t axi, rectum. act.

to encourage.

An aan imo et Am nnno, bra, Anilin e, ere, pu i, n ptum, act . to

di, sum . act . to apprehend. seiz e ; to cat ch atat ; to make

Arenanansvs, a, um . part. ap himself master of.

prehended. Anadeo, are, ivi, i tem . act . to

Arvubsinq uo, are, hvi, htum . arr-agate to claim .

neut . to draw near ; to ap-Aas, tis. f. art, science, shi ll

h. Anr in x, 1cis. c . g . artifieer , 4

A nn ie, is. maker , a workman .

AP“ . l dV Aacanno, Ere, di, enaum. act. to

ascend ; to etimh b mvunt.

take to one ; to associate ; t

va eammi s

sia

z.

ally . om en , n MAaci taken te, baldness, ea irage, sturm

Ave ici'raa v. Audacias, adv.

ged, harsh, rude .

Au tom at i c,to behold ;

dare ; to be bold.

Avreare e, i vi, i tem . act . wAvmmumivi, itam . act. ta hear ;ear ry evconvey away ; to trans to regard ; to listen.

port . An o, et a. to desire ; to

Aaai avea , qui, ei tuv. dep. tv cemet ; to wish ; to have a tenreaeh ; to achieve ; to obtasn.

A ssinun, adv. aaiine, sup. assid An nal s-iv, 6iiia. aversion, min

assiduous, Avaa're, hi e, ti, versam, act. to

contivwal, csvu tant, incessant . tu rn away ; to b ive away ; tvAaavi vi cso, bra, (sci, factam. act . beat back ; to put toflight.to accustom ; to inu re. ur i ne, auferre, abati

'

ili, ablaAaevasce, ere, ué vi, ué tum , ia tum . act. to take away ; to cavb

capt. neat . to habituate ; to ac ry away .

custom . Avaae, eve, auxi, saeima . act . to

Aaavi 'rvs, a, um

apart. et adj. ae increase to magnify to com

customed, inu r

Ava-di va, a, um . adj. crafty ,wily Auavs'

ru s, a, um . adj. majestic.A 1 , conj. but . Acousti cs, i . m . Aug ust.

Afl vus, i . m. an old grandsire or Aviva, adverb, eager ly , greedily,ancestor . covetously, rapaciousl

An ann cua, a, um . adj. Atlantic. Avimu s, 6 tis. i. gre ness, ea

Ar gus , conj . and, as, and yet, g erness, desire, appetite.

bu t, after . Aviuvs, a, um . adj. gr eedy, covetAr a6cn sa, adv. cruel ly, fiercely, ous, earnest, eag er .

barbarousl , ou trageous ly . Auu ,m. f. a hall , a king’s palace.

An imum a v. bu t yet, however . Av6ce, are, avi, atum, act. to callAfl aneo, bra, di, ntum . act . to of ; to withdraw .

bend the mind to to regard ; AURA, is . f. a g entle gale,to study . the air or atmosphere.

Ar ri ve , ere , trivi, [et tel-ui,} tri Auspicmu , sign, an event.

tum . ac t . to wear out or away pl . auspices.

to waste. Aus'r ii i cis, is, e. adj sou thern.

A 'n lnao, ere, nui, entum, act . to Ausu u , si . ii . an adventu rous act,apper tain . a hardy enterprise.

A'r rm ee , are, tlgi, tectum . act . to Au '

r , com. or , or else, either .

treat of ; to adjoin . Avi an , conj. but , however ,An al 'rus, a, um. part . v. adj. wi thstanding .

rubbed, wasted, diminished ; Acr es , 6m , in . videAuctot .

worn away . Av'

run e, are, avi, atum . to afi rm.

Ave'ron, 6ris, c. g. a father ; an Avus, i. m . a grandfather or

author . grandsire, an ancestor .

Auc‘rbnln v, htlv, f. authority , Auxlu aais, is, a. auxiliary.

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VOCABULARY.

Ch ivas, i tis. f. scarcity, dearness

‘ CAaLe'romea, i. a man's name,

Ca ses, a, em . part . slain. Car leton.

Om en , em . adj. thel"CAeomuA, is . f. the name of

other , the rest . two states, Carolina . Carolin

Chal e t-u s, i tia, f. distress ; 4 Australia, SouthCarolina ; Garnisfortune, disaster . relies Septeii trionals, North

CALcei u ain -eu , i. e a shoe. Carolina .

CAaLeo, é re, lei, neat. to ‘CAeou im iu ais, is, is, 0 . adj. ofknow well ; to be well shilled ; or belonging to Carolina .

‘ Cn ow rou a, is . f. the name iCALL

‘

i'

ne . adv. es er tly, shrewdly . a place, Charlestown.

Cl ues , brie. m .

‘ Cn ow s, i. a man ’s name,

CI LeumA, n . f. a false accusa Charles.

tion, a malicious slander or de CAam u , adv. hers end there, by

0 0

Ca nn es, 1. a man’s name, Ca Ci

ivs, a, me . adj . dear, below

CAu pea, i. m. a plain, an open CAa a castle, aort

ANAnA, n . f. the name of a CAs'rnA, 6mm . pl. c a mp, an an

country , Canada . lodg ed, war .

‘CANADENSIS, is, e . adj. of or be CAsr eeNei s, is. 0. adj. of orlonging to Canada, Canadian . taining to the camp or

Glad

e, c . g. a dog or bitch, a Ci ses, 6s. m . chance, an even ;

CAur AsaieiA, n . t'

. the Ci vao, ere, c6vi, cae tem . act. to

place, Cambridge. beware ; to taheheed ; to advise;Ci n sso, ere, sivi, slim . to take ; to appoint ; to provide.

to enter upon. AesA et Om an , 0 . f. a cause ;

Ci n emas, i. m . hair . a pretence ; a motive ; sake or

Ci n e, é re, cepi, captem . act . to account ; reason or de ence.

take ; to seiz e ; to take prison CAe 'rt s, is . f. a rugg rock, a

er ; to take by assault ; to re crag or cliffhceive. Cu rrent, 6 , em . adj. wary , provi

CAn tvi'ras, 6tis. f. captivity . dent, cautious .

CAn ive s, a, em . adj. taken cap Ci ne . é re, cessi, cessem . neat . to

l ive. give place ; to give ground ; toCa me , in , 6vi, Stem , act. to co retreat to y ield .

vet ; to al lure and win ; to de Ch i anti v. bris, bris, bee.

sire. renowned,famous .

CAr'rfinA, a . f. a catching , a ta Ch eese , 6re , 6vi, 6mm . act . to

celebrate ; to makefamous .

Ca r ve, a, em . part . pleased, de Chase v. é ris, Eris, 6re , swifi,qu ick, active, sudden, brisk.

Ch er , itis . ii . a head, a chapter , Ci ei ai'

i-As, 6tis. f. quickness,

a chief city or metropolis , life. speed, celerity .

CAnso, 6nis. m . a coal . h i k in g , adv. quickly , swiftly,Cl u e . 6re, rei et ceases. sum , has tily .

item et cassem. neet . to want ; Ci ao, 6m , 6vi, i tem. act. to hide;to be without ; tobe dcprived of. to eonceal .

Oma n i“, sui, sum. ts think ; Cineeu ,m. regit see. about,aco judge. round

Cam -n u s, is, 0 . adj. placed in Ciaceu cafmo, 61's, cli

’

isi, cli’

isem .

the centr e or midst. act . to encompass ; to hem in.

Ch annels, i. e . the brain, the Cxaceuee, ire, dédi, d6tem . act.

head, the spinal marrow. to inviren ; to enclose.

Can-n u n s, inis. n . a contest ; a Cieceu t icie, cere, jéci, jsctem.

controversy . ta cast all about er on every sids.

Cear A'riu , adv. cmulously, ear Cieceu sessea, a, em . part . be

nestly , eagerly . sieged, surrounded.

(k m -Ar ie, 6nis . f. a contest. Ciaceu sieso, ire, sédi, aessem.

Cas i -Area, impers . there is a act . to beset ; to besicge , to instrife. vest .

Cl nu , adv. cer tainly, su rely, nu Cieceu sr‘

i’

cw , 6m . exi, ctum. act .

to look abou t .

Cu r e . 6t e, 6vi, 6tem . act . to vie Cieceu s'ro, 61's . stiti, stitem. act .

with one , to fight . to stand about .

Cu r ve, e, um . adj. cer tain, sure ; act.

steady faithfu l ; unerr ing to surround ; to encompass ; tocertior facere, to certify, to in overreach.

orin .

Oneu x, ieie. f. the neck. Cin e, adv

Cease, i re, 6vi, 6mm, neet . to and fro, on each side.

cease ; to give over ; to lease Civims, is, e. adj. civil, courteous.

Civis, is. c . g. a citiz en .

tCem iA, is . t'

. the name of a Ch in a, 6tis. f. a state or a whsle

emm y a myCasi-s ienn a, is, 0. adj. of or be Gam es, is. f. a discomfitu re, delenging toto West Chester . feat , slaughter .

Ol sen , u . f. paper , a charter ; CLAI , adv. secretly, covertly .

a letter or epistle CLAu o, ere, 6vi, stem. act . to cryCas t es. a, me . adj. dear, dear ly out .

beloved. OLA“ , adv. brightly distinctlyCu iaeae iA, u . f. the art of chir clearly ; plainly .

u rgery or su rgery . CLAaeo, 6re, rei, to be i lliusb

Cu ieeeees, i . m . a chirurgeon or h im .

surgeon. Cai ei'r i‘

mo, dinis. f. renown a

Cam e r a, ydis . f. a cloak, a sol fame.

dier'

s coat, a loose coat—chla Can es, a, em, adj. clear , bright

mys vem tiees, a hit shir t. famous, renowned ; noble,Cl sAe iA , 6t em . pl . e . f meat, arable ; brave, heroic.

provision.“CLAssice s, a, em . adj. classis,

CmAew u , l n food of or relating to the classics.

Cises, i. m . meat, victuals, food. Cu ssis, is . f. a nnoy or fleet .Cicee , eria, omn . gen . adj . tame, CeAes

'reeu , i . n . an enclosure ; n

gentle, mild . limit, bound or fence.

CiNeo, ere, nxi , netem. act . to Cai u e iA, is . f. benig nity , gen

gird ; to surround ; to environ tleness, mildness.

‘ Cu N'rONw s, ii. a man’s name,

CiacA, pre p. about ; in'

ghor near Clinton .

to, hard Cain au aies, a, em . .

beam g

Ca ctu s , v.

Ta

gout, nigh. apannier er pech

r

VOCABULARY.

OCoa rtvs, i. a man’s name, Commie, i. or. a husbandman, a

Cochran. farmer , a colonis t .

Ca non, i. side Ca lvin. w nBA, a . f. a dose, a pig eon.

Ca ri , isti, die . pre terit , I have‘COLUI BUO, i. a man

’s name, Cc

or taken in hand. lumbue. Terra Colombi, Amerb

Ca sio, to beg in to iea.

attemppt

‘“ P1Ci ao-NA, is . f. a column .

Ca l—roe, a, um . part . begun, uno Cons i

’

mo, i re, bussi, beatam . act.

dertaken . to or consume with fire.Con cao, i re, cui, citum . act . to Ci rrus, itie. c . g . a companion, a

restrain to confine to compel ; colleagu e, an attendant, a count.

Ci u iiw e, adv. nigh at hand, handCa r ve, its. in . an assembly, a to hand.

Con ic, is, 0 . adj. gentle, al oble,Ci oir i r io, onis . f. thinking , it accessible ; good

-natu red, hind,

Ci ei'ro, i re, i vi, 6mm. freq . to Ci l ia-As, itie. f. aJability , gentlethink. nees, mi ldness .

Cooni‘roe, a, urn . part . et adj. t nir i rvs, (is. m . a county .

heard. bni‘rwn , i. ii . an assembly . [CvCoonbnino, i re, hvi, i tnrn, act . initium , in the singu lar , means,to give a surname. the place of assembly ; in the

Coonosco, i re, ni vi, cognitiim . plural, the assembly itself.)act. to know ; to understand ; to Cori n t h

-as, da. m. a safe-con

be acquainted with. duet, provision of victuals, aCi ao, ire, coigi, cbactum. act . to tri or v e, a on a

gather to assemble ; to collect ; reifte, a ex trication .

”

to compel . Cou n ii j 'ro, i nis, f. a fellow-solCbiiiaz o, i re, bui, bltum. act. to dier , a comrade.

repress ; to curb ; to restrain . Couniscso, i re, cui, misturn. act.

tis . f. a band of men or tomire or ming le together .

soldiers ; a regiment of foot in Cou u i'

r ro, i re, misi, missum. act.

to j a m.

Coach e s, a, um . part . brought Cou u boa, adverb, conveniently,advantag eously, conunodiously,

Conni ow u , i. n . a college. expeditiously .

Cou lee , i re, lé

gi, lecturn . ac t. to Cou ubvun , i. ii . advantag e, bene

collect ; to g at er .

Cocain e, ire, i vi, i tum. act . to Con u i vvs, a, um . adj. convenient,level ; to aim in a right line ; to advantageous.

hit the.

mark. Cou nbni r i cw , fi cé re, fi ei, facConu s, i i . iii . a hi ll . tum , act . to advise ; to a imCoanbco, i re , i vi, i tum . act . to ish.

set ; to pu t to bestow . Cou u i ni r os a, um . part . havingCoaabq oiuu , i. ii . a parley , a dis stayed.

cou rse, a conference. Cou nbaon, i ri, i tie. dep. to step ,i re, lu i, cultum . act . to till ; to con tinue.

to cu ltivate ; tofavour ; to prac Connbvao, é re, movi, minim.

tiee ; to follow. act . to move ; to disturb ; to die06L6Nu , is . f. a col qu iet ; to excite.

Cbi i uicvs, a, um . adj. erteining Conn i nici r io, briis. f. communito

;Se

‘

olony colonial?

l cation.

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VOCABULARY.

to fortify ; tomake strong ; to Cure , ire, i vi, i tum . to take ed sstreng then . of ; to provide ; to cau se.

Ceanuu re, ire, ri pi, re turn . Census, i s . m . a voyag e, a jouract . to destroy ; to bri to ney , a manner.

Cusr i ora , a . f. a charg e, custody.

Con -ex, Icis . in . v. i. a rind, Cusr i e ie, ire, ivi, itum . act. to

bark. defend, to watch.

Cai aaa , bri , brum . adj. thick, Cuvr i e ir us, a, um . part . kept,

frequent, "may.

Cai eo , i re , d i, dIturri . act . to

think ; to suppose ; to imagine ;to tru st to believe.

Cl i ne , i re, i vi, i tum . act . to Dau rto, i re, h i, l um . act. b

burn to set on fire. condemn.

CREBCO, i re. i vi, i tum . vent . to Dau nuu , i. ii . harm, loss, dau

grow ; to increase ; to be pro age.

moted. Dc , prep. regit abl . of, concern

Cii i r a , u . f. chalk. ing , about from, out of ; after .

Cainan, leis . ii . an impeachment, Di an ne, i re, i vi, i tum . act . to

a charge, or indictmen t. vanqu ish ; to conquer ; to sub

Car’

rei u s, is, 0 . adj. cruel , bar due.

barous Di ane, i re, ui, itum . act . tom ;Caearvrds, a, ma . adj. bloody . to be in debt ; to be oblig ed toCai n i na , w. i. a purse.

Canon, i ris. in. blood from a Di an na, is, 0 . adj. wash, feeble,wound, g ore. impotent .

Coi n , a . i. a fau lt, failu re, or Di slrJr as, i tie. f. weakness,miscarri age. feebleness .

Con e, i re, i vi, i tum . act. to Di air u s, a, um. part . due, owing ,blame to censu re ; to reprove. deserved.

Com es, i , um . part . ccadj. cul ti Di oi ne, i re, cessi, cessuin . neut.

vatcd. to depar t ; to retire to retreat ;Ovar es, i s . m . titling , cultu re. to withdraw.

Cum, pre p. regit abl . with, togeth Di cnu aaa, brie. m . the month ofer wi th. December .

Coir, adv . et conj. when, seeing Di cau anis, is, 0 . adj. of Decenvtha t, although. ber .

Cameron, i ri, i tus. dep. to delay Di on ne , i re, cri vi, cri tum . act.

long er to ling er to stay . to appoint ; to determine ; to deCuxcr us, a, um . adj . fu ll , whole, cidc ; to decree.

perfect, entire, all . Di mes, adv. ten times.

Ci r ie ir as, i tis . f. desire, ambi Di ciu us, e, um , adj. the tenth.

tion . Di c‘

r’

p ie, i re, cipi, ceptum . act . to

Ci r ieo, Inis . in . cl f. desire. entrap ; to deceive.

Ci pro, i re et ire, ivi, itum . act . to Di cni ni r ro, i nis. i. a declaracovet to desire ; to wish. tion .

Con , adv. interi .wherefore ? why ? Di cni iie , i re , i vi, i tum . act . to

why . declare ; to signify .

Cfik h , re . f. care. Di cnino, i re, i vi, i tum. act . st

Ci ai re ii , i ris. m . an overseer , a meet . to bend ; to turn one wqcommissioner, a guardian . or other .

Oi ari u a, is, 0 . adj. of the court. Di ci ne, ire, i vi, i tum. act. b

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VOCABULARY.

Dh l'm l , iram. pl . f. riches. Di ce, i ta, xi, ctum . act . to lead:Durance, a, 11m . adj. belonging to conduct ; to induce ; ta dreu ;the day , daily . to esteem ; to marry .

Diva , i. 11 . the open air . Dour o, i re, ivi, i tum . freq . to lead.D16'

rhms, a, 11m . adj. long . Dacr on, 6ris. m . a g uide, a capDl i rvanva, e, 11m . adj. lasting , tain, a leader .

long duration . Dvcrva, i s . m . a leading , gu idDir occo, i re, i vi, i tum. act. once or conduct

Duanw u , i. 11. battle, war .

didi, di tam. act. Dvaci i o, Ib is, f. sweetness , hare

give ; to g rant ; to intrust ; to z , melod

cm, is, e . azlj. sweet, pleasant,Dooz o, i re, cui, ctum, act. to successful .teach ; to inform ; to declare ; D0 11, adv. until , provided that, asto tell ; toprove.

Docr raoavcs, a, 11m . adj. skilled Dvu u i no, adv. so that, providedin speech, eloquent . that .

Doc'ra, adv. learnedly , skilfu lly . Du ran-r

Domains , 0 . f. instru ction, learn Duo, a , 0 .

ing , erudition, wisdom. Dui ni cm ,

Doc part . v. adj. taug ht, Dui ni ciuvs, a, 11m . adj. theinstructed—adj. learned. twelfth.

Di ci'

tu am vu , i. 11 . an example, a lcie . adj. double, twofold.proof, an instance, a document . Di no, i re, i vi, i ram, act. at neat.

Di n o, i re, ui, Itum . neat . to be to abide ; to last ; to continue.

in pain ; to be displeased ; to re Dvx, diicis. c . g. a leader, a genc

pine to vex. rat, a commander .

Di aoa , 6ris. 111. pain, smart, sor

row, rage, anguish.

Dim e, i. m . a device,Di u im , ax. f. a lady , a dame. E. prep. out of, from .

Di nini 'rro, 611ia. f. dominion, a nscvu , i. 11 . the name of a

place. York. Novum -Ebora

Di ninvs, 1 . m . a master of a cum, New York.

house,apossessor , an owner ,Mr . Eaaws, a, 11m . adj. intoxicated ;Di ane, i s . v. i. f. a house, home. mad.

Di sh -11a, a, 11 111 . part . g iven , Boico, i re, dixi, dictum . act . to

gran ted, g ifted. appoint ; to publish by edict at

D6nac , adv. until . proclamation .

Di me, i re, i vi. i tum . act . to g ive ; Emc'

rt m, i. 11 . a command, a proto bestow. clamation .

Doam o, ire, ivi, itum . neat . to Emsco, i re, didici, act . to con

sleep . or learn by heart ; to learn .

Dos, i tie. f. a portion, a dowry , Eoir va, a, 11m . part . published,an advantag e. declared.

Di ai'ro, i re, i vi, i tum , neat. to Eoi'rua, a, 11m . adj. high, lofty .

doubt ; to dela to hesitate.

*Em w1w us, i. a man’s name.

Di awu , i. 11 . a t, a question . Edmund .

Di aws, a, 11111 . adj. doubtful, da E110, i re, didi, ditum. act . to pub

bious, perilous . lish ; to produce.

Di can'

n , a , a. adj. pl . two hun Eni cao, i re, cui, doctum. act. to

instruct ; to apprise.

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VOCABULARY.

Ease, conj. therefore, then ; be Exi al vee, a, am. part . written.cause, for one

's sake. n aeao, i re, rai, raum . neat. ts

Earrro, ire, pui, reptum . act . to be onfire ; to bu rn .

deliver ; to rescue . Exi ao, i re, ivi, i tum . act. to

Du o, in , i vi, i tum . neat. to plough ; to write.

rove ; to rcam ; to wander . Basuero, ire , ivi, itum . act. to

Eaaoa, 6ris. m . an error or mis hear perfectly ; to hear .

take ; a weakness . xsee i'res, 11, um . part . heard.act. to teach ; Excu ses, a, 11m . adj. high, tell,

to instruct. lofty, noble, stately .

Eai ei'res, a, am . part . et adj. Excm es, a, um. part . excepted.

taught, instructed. Adj. learned. Excro, ire, ivi, itum . act . to callEaeu ro, i re, i pi, uptu rn . ueu t. cl out ; to raise up ; to rouse.

act. to break or burst out ; to Excirro, i re, cip1, ceptum. act . to

attack ; to discharge. receive ; to except ; to exclude.

Er . conj. and, also, even, both. Excir o, i re, ivi, i tum . act. freq .

E'rtsu , conj. also, too. to rouse up ; to incite.

Er ar, corrj. although, albeit . xci‘ro, i re, i vi, i tum . freq . to

Evi eo, i re, si, sum . neut . et act . excite ; toprovoke.

to get away ; to escape. Exci no, i re, u i, cultum . act . to

vitaro, ire, vi ni, entum. vent . to cultivate ; to polish.

come ; to happen ; to come to Exceures, a, our. part . polished.

pass ; tofall to one’

s lot. Exau raaa, i ris . 11. et Exau n i n .

Evaa'

reu , 1. 11 . the event or issue. is. 11 . a copy .

Evan'

t es, i s. m . the end, zssue or Exau n eu , i. 11 . an example, aevent . precedent .

Evrrtco, i re, vici, victum . act. to Exi q eoa , qui, qu i tus . dep . tofolvanqu ish ; to subdue ; to evince ; low after ; to persist ; to do ; toto prove ; to prevail . execu te ; to perform ; to accent

Evir o, ire, ivr, i tum . act . to shun ; plzsh ; to go through.

to evade ; to escape. Exaacao, i re, ui, i tum. act. to

Evi ci 'rro, 6nis. f. a calling forth excrczsc ; to profess ; to occupy.

Evi co, i re, i vi, i tum . act . to call xartcir i r ro, 6nis. f. exercise.

out ; to summon ; to drawforth. Exaaci'ri 'res, a, 11m . part . exer

Eeaou , as. f. the name of a coun ctsed, practzsed, experienced, ac

try—Eu rope. customed.

Evacu ees, a, um . adj. European Exaac‘

r’

r o, i re, i vi, i tum. freq . to

Ex, pre p. regit abl . out of, from exercise often .

of, for . Exaac‘

r’

r es, i s . m . a host or bandExscr es. a, rim. part . passed over . of armed soldiers ; an army .

Adj . almost spen t. Exuiaao, i re, u i, itum . act . to

Exmq eo, i re . i vi, i tum . act . to show ; to exhzbrt .

make equal ; to adju st ; to equal . Exico. i re, i i, actnm . act . to re

Exmq eoa, i ri, i tus . dep. to equal . qu ire ; to mand ; to exact ; to

Exi orr o, i re, i vi, i tum . act . to spend ; to pass awa

persecute ; to distu rb ; to dzs Exioees, a, um . adj . little, scant,quiet . small ; narrow.

Exi uaxJnis. 11 . examination, test, Exiu rea, a ,um . adj. choice, selecteminent, excellent .

stunned. Exrsr iu i r ro, 6nis . t'

. act . a sup.

Ba i niao, ire, i vi, i tum. act . to posal . Pass. reputation, respect,astonish ; to stu n ; todiscourage. esteem.

VOCABULARY.

Exre'rh ro, i re, i vi, i tum . act. to Exrcorro, i re, ivi, i tum . act . 0

j udge ; to esteem ; to think ; to win by storm ; toforce ; to eonquer ; to subdue .

Extarc , i re, extiti, atitam . neat . Exq viao, i re, eivi, ai'

tum . tosearchto be ; to exist ; to rise ; tospring . in to ; to search ou t ; to explore.

Exi'rrmr, ii. 11. a disease, death ; Exq u isi'

rcs, a, um . part . et adj.exqu isite.

Extr as, i s. m. an issue or end ; Exsrs'

ro, i re , atIti, at‘

itum. newt.death ; a resu lt . Vid. Existo.

Bz ow o, i re, i vi, i tum . act . to Exr au n o, soon, qu ickly, immewish heartily ; to long after . diately .

xi arox, ri ris et riris, iri, ortus . Exr eauca, a, um . adj. outward,dep. to rise ; to spring up ; to external ; foreign .

be born ; to appear . Exr i xcs, a, um . adj. foreig n.

Exm er i t u s, a, um . part . expected, Ex'ronq uxo, i re, torei. tortum. act.

lookedfor . to wrest from ; to extort .Exrac'

ro. i re, i vi, i tum . act . to Ex'raa, adv. without, an the out

lookfor ; to tarry ; to hopefor ; side.

to expect . Ex'

rai u t m, i. n . the end ; haz ard,Exr i mo, ire , ivi, itum . act . to un death ; the extreme of any thing .

ravel ; to despatch ; to finish ; Exr a i rw s, a, um . adj. sup. theto get in readiness ; to declare ; last,final , the extreme.

to show ; to procure. Exr acc'w s, a, um . part . built atExr i nir cs, a, um . ct adj. raised.

disengag ed ; pr prepared Ex'raco, i re, xi, ctum. act . to

—adj. ready . erect ; to bu ild .

EXPELLO, i re, pi li, puleum . act . Exr caao, i re, i vi, i tum . act . to

to expel ; to drive. trouble ; to discontpose ; to con

Exn xo'

xr i cro, i re, fici, factum . found .

act . to awaken ou t of a sleep Exec, i re, i, i tum . act . to divest .to stir up .

Ext-Enron, iri. pertus. dep. to at

tempt ; to try ; to essay ; to ex

perience.

Experts, tis. adj. withou t, desti Faaws, u . aman’s name—Fabian .

tute ; free, void. a aico, i re, i vi, i tum . act. ct

EXPLEO, i re , i vi, i tum . act . to Fasaicox, i ri, i tus. dep. to

fil l ; tofinish. make ; tofabricate.

Exrni r us, a, u rn . part . filled up, FKci'rn, adv. wittily ; faceliously,

humorou sly .

Ext-Lice, ire, ui ct i vi, Item cl FZciLa, udv. easily , light ly .

i tum . act . to unfold ; to treat FKc‘

r'

Lrs, is, e . ad'

. c

more largely of . Fi cirj 'rxe, i tie. easiness

xru’

mo, i re, i vi, i tum . act . to ity , readiness.

pry into ; to explore ; to endear Fi cinos, 6ris. n . a great action,our tofind ou t. an exploit, an enterprise.

Exri no, i re, aui, (tum . act . to set Fi cro, i re, fi ei, factum . act..

to

forth ; ta set on shore ; to ex do ; to make ; to cause ; to tn

plain ; to detach on service. traduce.

Exei si 'rro, i nia. f. a declaration . PACTIO, i nie. f. a factionsExm an i 'rcs, a, ma. part. taken Fae

-run , i. n . a deed, a thing“

by force, storfine

z

d. or made afact.

Faaacixwa, n. m . the a n d 4F

h en n a, i tie. f. liberty , Fi xicin s, i tie. f. feli city , happi

Fi rj ci'raa, adv

Pi cvnnu , a . f. eloquence, pleas

Fen i cia, o . f. deceit, a

Penu x, i cia.

Pant o, i re, fi felli, falsnrn . act . to Fi l l , adv. almost , nigh.

deceive ; to mislead ; to disap Fi nro, ire, act. to stn'

be.

point . Fi xi'n s, i tie. f. wildness, fiercePaxsus, a, am . part . deceived ness.

adj. false. Pinto, fera, ferre, ti li ct titfili,Ph a, o . f. fame, rumour , common li tum . act . to car ry ; to bring ;talk or report ; rcnown, a g ood to bear with ; to lead ; to re

name or reputation . ceies ; toprescribe ; togive out ;Fi ni aicue, a, um . adj. hungry , to report .

famiehed, hunger-starved. a aaoa, a, run. adj. of iron.

Fi nns, is . f. hung er . Fi ni u , o . f. a rod or erula .

Fh iu i nrs, is, 0 . adj. famil iar, Fi rm s, a, um . adj.y . Fi nns, i. m . a wild beast.

Fh iu i xre, is. m .

Fi niLri ain s, i tia

Fini sh :

7 1 316008 , a, um . adj. infamous, Finns, i igreatly renowned. credit ;

Fi ni m a, i. m . a servant, a house misc.

hold servant . Finders , a . f. confidence, trust,Fascici w s, i. m . dim . a packet, dependence.

a parcel . Fiu cs, i. m . a son, a child .

Fs s'r iow n , i. n . the top . Fim o, ire, ivi, itum . ac t . tofinishPi n on, i ri, fassus . dep. to con to end ; to come to one

’s end.

fess ; to own ; to g rant . Fim s, is. m . v. f. the end : the

PZ-rrscc, i re, neat . to conclusion ; a bound, border , or

fail to g row feeble ; to be limit .

weary to ti re. Fio, fii ri, factus. n . to be madeFi r cu , i. n . fate, destiny , death. to be done ; to become .

Faucnx'rw s, i. a man’s name Fran s , adv. firmly, substantial!

Fauchet .

Fl u e, i re, ii vi, fantam . neat . to Franco, i re, i vi, i tum . act . to

favou r ; to befriend . streng then ; t

zgorti y .

Fl von, 6ris . m . g ood-will, favou r . Fran ce, a. um . j. 1m , steady,

Fauafl r aa, i tie. f. good luck,pros constant , val id, strong .

perity .

0 0

Fni oi'ri 'rro, (mis. f. an earnest

ret ur ns, e, um . adj . auspicious, entreaty or desire, demand.

fortuna te. FLi oi'ro, i re, i vi, i tum . act . to

Faurca, bris, m . a favourer , a ask and demand .

partisan. FLAGRO, i re, i vi, i tum . act . ct

I naugu

rals. f. afever ; an ague. neat . to burn ; to be violent.

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lan es-res, a, ma. adj. w hich);

timate ; to indicate ; to show. unprosperous, unfortunate, disIuniee, é re, dixi, dictum. act . to astrous.

denounce ; to proclaim.

l itmus, rectius in dies. from dayIns i sieiraa, adv

Isaiah “, D . c . g. a native. l ur i u x, icis. adj .

Ixoioae, ere, ui, neat . to success l.

want ; to stand in need. ur i ne, srre, ti'

rli, illi tem . act. to

h is torians, tis. part. et adj. chaf briag in er into; to bring apsa ;ing , angry , displeased. to g ive.

Iumou i fl e, enis. i. indignation, Invi aes, a, an . ad

anger .

Invmnea, ati, i tus. dep. to be Inn s-res, a, um

displeased ; not to endure.

In mates, a, um . adj. unworthy ; adverse.

unfit er unmeet. l urieie, are, leci, factam. act. to

In com e, a, um . adj. unlearned, infect ; to corr upt ; to vitiate.

ignorant, illiterate. Inr iNi'res, a, ma . adj. infinite,Innfisi'ri '

res, a, um. adj. un» endless, vast.

Iur rau i'ras, i tie. f. weakness,In fial 're, i re, ivi, atum. neat. to feebleness.

doubt much. I mauve, a, ma. adj.feeble,weak,Isadora , i tum . pl . t

'

. a truce, res infirm ; variable,pile, er ceasing from war .

l icorice, are, duxi, ductum . act . to INFLAI HZTIO, dais. f. an inflame

introduce ; to lead in ; to per motion .

suade ; to induce. Iur enr fimeu , i. n . misfortune ;Innec'

res, a, um . part. brought disappointment , inconvenience.

in ; introduced ; induced, per Inoimuu , i. n. disposition, capacity , talent, genius .

Ineeo, é re, i, fitum . act. to cover Incans, tis. adj. very gr eat, huge,over ; to assume ; to clothe. mighty , large, vast .

i l nnes. a, um . adj. Iridian -subst . Iue i nuvs, a, um. adj. honest

Ineusr uu , a . f. diligence, labour , Ixoai r vs, a, um .

unacceptable

INi Du , as. f. want of victuals , grateful .hung er . Iuoai vssco, Bra. incept.

Ing e , ire, ivi, Itum . act . to enter to gr ow more heavy ; to becomeinto ; to enter upon ; to com worse ; to increase.

ment s ; to come. Iu eai exea , i,greases . dep. toenter

INEPTE , adv.

[oelishly , absu rdly . into.

Im am . n . laz iness, idleness, Invo ice s” , tis. part. being hand at

inactivity . hand , violently approaching .

Inaxoai aiu s, is, e . adj. implac Ins ane , é rc, u i, neat . to inable, inexorable. vade ; to assail ; to come or fall

l uaxst‘

ir i'

mi siu s, is, e. adj. not suddenly upon .

to be conqu ered or surmounted . Imme nse , é re, hmsi, lim em . neat .

lar i u u , a . i. an aspersion ; dis to keep in .

gr ace, dishonour, infamy, igno Innespi'rea, a, um . adj. inhospi

table, barbarous desert.

VOCABULARY.

1111 1010, 610, jsci, jectnm. act. to 111 8 19 113 , 1s. 11. pl mdgnia. an cu

inj ect ; to throw in, upon . sign .

Iniu io‘

i-t u , a . I. et usitatius in Ius1ou 1o, 1re, 1v1, 1t11m . act. to sig o

. Iu iu ic‘

ifl z , at um . enmity , nolies ; to render famous .

ity , smfe. lns1om s, is, 0 . adj. notable, reIntu itive, a, 11m. adj. unfriendl mar-liable, famous, noble, admiunkind, hostile. rable, eminent .

Iu‘

iu icvs, 1. m . an enemy . notably, sig u lly,Il iauu, adv. impatiently. htilW 3/Iu iq v

‘

iu s, atis. I. injustice, par Iu eiu iino, are, avi, atum . act. to

accuse ; to impeach.

Imq uos, a, 11m . adj. uneven ; par Insinuo, are, avi, i tum . act. to

insinuat e.

IN‘

i'rw u , 1. n . a beg inning . Ism s-m , é re 1nat1t1, 1nstit11m. neat.

Imficuunua, a, 11m . to u rge to insist upon .

ant, g rice Insi'rvs, a, 11m . part . grafted ;In finia, a . I. injury, wrong , rooted, gr aunaun dde

abuse. Iu sou m u , e . I. insoleucc,haugh1111 11s'ra, adv. unjustly, wrong tiness .

y . Iu srucro, are, i vi, i tum . freq . to

Ium s'rus, a, 11111 . adj. unjust. inspect .

Im uscoa, i, natua. to be born Inspac'

roa , aria. m . an overseer,

with. inspector , superintendent .

111 111 1 0 , are, i vi, a, 11m . adj. nat hopedor lookedfor ; unexpected.

l u lu -ras, a, 11111 . part. inbred. INSPICIO, é re, exi, actnm . act. to

In tr os , i, ixus v.

'

1s11s. dep. to inspect ; to take a su rvey of .

depend upon . INSTAR . n . indecl. bigness, lilieIrt iiru , ID. I. want . need, scarcity . ncss .

Income. verb. defect. I say, quoth Iu s'ru m o, are, avi, atum . act. to

I . Vid . I11q 11io. renew ; to re-establish.

111111110 , is, it. verb. def. I say , Ina-rim a, era, ui, 11mm . act. to

I . ins titu te to set in order ; to

Insfuma, a, 11m . adj. mad . settle ; to resolve.

Insciu s , a . I. ignorance. Iu sfl 'rd'

n o, dais. I. an ordering ,Inacw s, a, 11m . adj. ignorant. management , direction .

Inscu1 1'r10, 6aia. I. an inscr iptian, Iu s'rrrfi'

rus, a, 11m . part . deter

mined, pu rposed ; begun.

Is aac'

ro, i re, i vi, i tum . act. ct Iu sr o, are, attti, stitam. to urg e

Insac'roa, ari, atus. dep. to to press ; to pursue.

pursue ; to inveigh aga inst ; to Iu sr ufiu u'ruu , i. 11. an instru~

rail at . ment , an implement of war .

Insi q uoa , qui, c1'

1 tua. dep. to fal Iu s'rnuo, xi, ctum. act. to

law after ; to pursue. provide ; to furnish to ac

Iuaaavw, ire, ivi, itnm . na11t . to cen tre.

serve one ; to mind and take 111 361 4 , 8 . I. an island.

Insun , esse, fui. to be in .

l u sm ao, é re, aé di, sessum . nsut . Iu sineo, are, si et psi, ptan . act .

b eit or rest upon ; to besiege ; to spend ; to consume ; to be

to lie in wait . stow.

Instal l , i ram . I. pt. an ambush, Iu sfiraa, conj. moreover , furthercu ambi

iscade snares.

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La va. in , h unc. adv. merrily, Lim a a. Li n e, 6ris. n . mirth,

Lwit, faceti

ousness.

gladness, i r am: et i ron , i. n”a n g in a. adj. ht , smal l ; in

Ij

eonsider

zdble, t

ltghtlvir al , v. s y ; bu cflyLi st-ave, a, an . adj. made of Li ve, in , avi, atum . act . to light

en ; to alleviate ; to help or re

L noma, (t i, Ros . dep. to give lisve.

liberally ; to bestotv. Lax, l . I. a law ; 4

L ucas, a, um. adj. very urge ; sti tion .

“Laxiua'roma , as. I. the name of a

ton.

“Laxxua'

romauaia, is, 0 . adj. of orLl r iuoa, a, um . adj. Latinthe of Lati um . Lin n ea, i. m . dim . a libel .

La'

u va , li. a . the name of a coun Lin n “ v. Linn -ran, adv. wil

try—Latium . “ug ly : jol t“,

Li n e, a, ma . adj. broad, large, Lian , bri. m . the inward bark orample, wide. rind of a tree ; a book or wor

Ll 'roa, 6ris . a . written.

L woo, are, avi, atum . act . to Lian , Era, 6mm. adj. free.

praise ; to commend ; to name Liai ai u s, is, 0 . adj. g entlemanone with honour . like ; liberal, free, generous.

Li ve, are et are, lavi, lantum, 16 Liai a l'

rou , 6ris. m. a deliverer, atum, et li vi tum. act . to wash ; releaser .

Livi ng , adv . liberally, frankly,‘

q u'rws

,n. a man

’s name freely .

Laurens . Liai ao, are, i vi, i tum . act . to set

Lava, die. I. praise, commenda free ; to extricate ; to release.

tion ; g lory , renown . Lian n e, i tie. I. liberty , freeLacr on, 6ris . m . a reader .

Lac'w e, a, um . adj. choice, fine, Liann libuit et lib’ltum eeti mpen .

excellent . it pleases or contents .

Lacr ue, i et de. m . a bed to lie or Liaioo , 1nis . I. one’s will , humour ;eat a last ; any u nbridled passion .

Li o i '

n o, ( mis . I. an embassy ; a “w arm , as. I. license, excess,

lieu tenancy . li centzous ness .

Li oi 'w s, i. m . an ambassador ; Lion , é bat, lIcuit et licltum eat .

an envoy ; a lieu tenant. impers . it is law ul ; it is free111 0 10 , anis . I. a regiment . orpossible ; I , t he,we, di e .

Li'oo, are, i vi, atum . act . to send have power , au thority, or leaveas an ambassador ; to despa tch. to do i t .

Li no, é re, légi, lectum . act . to *m ow w s, u . a man’s name

choose ; to read. L i ncoln .

Li mo, Ire. ivi et Ii, Rum . act . LINGUA , a . I. the tongue ; a lanto appease ; to pacify ; to g uag e.

soothe. LINTER, tria. I. v. m . a little boat,Lamin a, i tie. I. mildness . a wherry .

Li nin g , adv. ently . Liuuu , i. n . flax.

Lam a, adv. sfiwly, slackly, lei q va'r, impers . it appears ; it is

sa

ggy. sure, clear, certain, and mani

VOCABULARY.

fest ; it is apparent or well Lusn o, are, i vi, i tum. act. toknown . traverse.

Lia, litis . I. any strife or'

dispute Lox, lficia. I. light ; day life.

a quarr el . Lvaa, a . I. a harp .

Li'ri aa , m I. a letter of the alphabet ; a letter or epis tle.

M '

”

an , at um . I. pl. an epistle or Mi cn‘

fiu , a . I. an engine.

letter ; writings, deeds ; learn Mi com , a . I. a t or stain ; a

ing : litora Latina , the Latin fau lt ; a blemistong ue. Men sa

-n u , as. I. Vid. Ma stitia.

Li'r i ai aw s, a, um . adj. belonging M1 0 13, adv. more ; rather .

to letters and learning . Mi oxs'

ra i '

rvs, its . m . mag istracy,Li'w s, 6ris. n . the share, the coas t . a magistrate.

*Liv moa'ronwa, ii. a man’s name M a o n i u i

’

u i r a a, i tie. I. cour

-Living ston . ag e, magnanimity , gr eatness ofLbovo, i. m . pl . lé ci cl lé ca, a spi rit .

place, room, or stead ; opportw Maou ir fino, h is. I. gr eatness,nity . magnitude.

m x, icis. I. a blanket . Maoné pi na, adv. greatly , exceedLoummau eis, is, 9 . adj. of or re ing ly .

lating to London. Maonu s, a, um . adj. great, large,In ner , adv. loci. far from, a powerful , diflicu lt .great distanceof ; ag reatwhile ; Mi sasn s, i tie. I. superiority,exceeding ly, very much, a gr eat majesty .

M1 1 03 , or, us. comp. greater ;Louofiw s, a, um . adj. dim. some elder ; momentous, important .

what long . Mi sbaas, um . pl . m . ancestors ;Lououa, a, um . adj. long , tedious . forefathers .

Insu la Longa, Long Island. Mim e, i. m . themonth called May.

Lbovou , loqui, Ié cfitns v. loquii adv. pejus, comp. pessime,tus . dep. to speak ; to discourse. auperl . ill .

Lin-comma part . [a lava]washed, MI LO, mi liii, mal ls, to be morebathed, rinsed, made clean ; willin g ; to wish rather .

dyed. Mi w u , i. n . aubst . vice ; an evilL t

‘

iaa'r , impera. it pleases . misfortune, drflicu lty , dang er .

Lficascrr , impetu. v. Lucu crr . it Mi nus, a, um . adj. evil ; unjust ;is day, it is bright day , it gr ows hur tfu l ; bad.

light . Maucua, a, um . adj. defective ;Lficasco, 6m , incept. to weak ; imperfect .grow clear , to grow lig ht . Mau p i 'w u , i. n . a em ission, a

é re, Ié ci, Iactum . act . command or charge ; injunction,to make g ain of. mandate.

Lficfiaam 'vs, a, um . adj. clear . Mau no, are, i vi, i tum . act. to“v ovi cua, i. a man

’s name commit to one

’s charge ; to send

Lfinus, i. m . a school . Mi me, anbst . n . nom . acc . et abl.Lfioao, é re, uxi, vetam . act . to the morning , day

-light .

mourn ; to lament ; to bewail . Mh mo , 6m, si, sum . neat. to

Loo, é re, ui, itum. act . to pay ; to tarry ; to stay ; to wait ; to re

suf er punishment or death. main .

I mm u ne. e. um. adj. Portu Mi nin m a, a, nun . adj. manifest,w h

ich “. a Portuguese.

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m VOCABULARY.

usu s, 6ris. n. agift ; a reward,Mbatoa, mbri,mortuus. dep. naut . a bribe ; a benefit , a favour ;leg . et mom , to die. du ty , or oflice.

Mbaou , asi, i tus . dep. to stay ; to Muauua, n . a murmur .

to dwell ; to stop. Muaus, i. m . a wall .‘Moaatstus, ii. a man

'

s name Must , a . I. a muse ; a song .

Mur i n e, onis. I. a changing,'Moaatsvoma, a . I. thename of a shifting mu tation .

cc—Morr istown. Mur l r us, a, um. part . altered,Mons, tis . I. death. changed.

Mou n ts, is, e. adj. mortal ; hu Moro, are, i vi, i tum . act . Iraq .

man, earthly . to change ; to alter .

Moar uus, a, um . part . dead. Mt‘

rruus, a, um . adj. mu tual,Mos, moxie. m . a manner , custom ciprocal , one another .

a tentper, humour , or natu re ;

moral virtue or vice ; morals .

Mi nus, (is. m . a motion.

Movao, é re, m6vi, motum . act . to Nauaua, conj. for .

move ; to stir up ; to cause. Nancu ooa , i, naetae. dep. to light

Muacao, é re, si, sum et mulctum . upon ; to find to come by ; to

act . to soothe ; to appease ; et.

assuage ; to calm ; to pacify . Avonaon, 6nis. a man’s name

Muacr o, i re, i vi, atum . act . to —Napoleon .

Vid . Multo . Nn ah -to, ( mis. I. a narration.

Mun i anu , is, 0 . adj. of or belong Nasceu , i, natus. dep. to be borning to a emale . to spring ; to arise.

Muw iruno, inis. I. a number ; a Ni sus, i. m. a nose.

Ni su'rus, a, um . adj. one that has

Munro, i re, i vi, i tum. act . tofine ; a gr eat nose.

to punish. Ni r i aas, ium . pl . m . lineag e ;Mun o, adv. by much, far, long , family ; parentage, descent , or

a gr eat deal or whi le . extrac tion .

Mun'ruu , adv. mu ch ; frequently , Nl r i u s, is. 0 . adj. belonging to a

very often ; long before, far for man’s bir th or nativity ; born

ward : cum adj . very , exceeding . in , a nat ive.

Muu rus, a , um . adj . many ; much ; N1 1 10 , 6nis. I. a nation, people, or

frequent , often ; long , prolix. cou ntry .

Muunus, i. m . the wor ld. Ni '

runa, in . I. natu re.

Mom drum . n . pl . ofi ces, du ties . e us, a, um . part . born .

Municm uu , ii. n . any city or Ni v i u s, is, 0 . adj . naval .

town corporate. Ni vioi r io, ( mis . I. navigation .

Mfiuivica, adv. bountifully ,freely , Ni viow u , ii. n . any sort of shiplargely . or vessel .

Mfiu ivicnu '

fl a , a . I. mu ni/la nce, Ni vioo, i re, i vi, atum . act . to

liberality . sai l ; to navig ate.

Mi miu sm uu , i. n . a for tification ; Ni vns, is . I. a ship , a bark.

a rampart . v o, li re, i vi, i tum . act . to per

Mfimo, ire, ivi, itum . act . to for form earnestly , vigorously , ortrfy ; to streng then . dil ig ently .

Mfmifl o, (mis. I. for tification . Naur a , a . m . a sailor .

Mfini'rus, a, um . part . fortified, Na, adv. not : conj. that not ; sosecu red, streng thened. as not.

280

VOCABULARY.

Nae, conj. neither nor ; not, not Nrainbu inu s, adv. v. Nmino u i

even ; nor yet. nus, no less ; notwithstanding,Ni cassi aro, adv. necessari ly, ia nevertheless .

dispensably , of necessity . Ntniauu , i. n . nothing .

Ni casai atus, a, um . adj . neces 1L , contr. pro NIHIL . indecl .

sary or unavoidable ; o neces nothing ; nothing at al l .

sity , indispensable ; needfu l . Niu is, adv . too mu ch or too little

Ni cnssir as, i tie. I. necessity ; exceedin y , very .

force ; familiarity . Ni u tun, v. toomuch, overmuch

Ni cassir dno, iais . I. unavoidable very much, v

necessity , great need. Niu rua, a, umfldj. too much, aoNaonioo, é re, er i, ctum . act. to orbitant , excessive.

Niel , conj . if not, except, unless.

Ni co, are, i vi, i tum . act . to deny ; Nisus, 11a m . endeavou r , an efl'

ort.

Nir oa, i, nixus, cl nisus. dep. to

Ni co-n un, n . n. any oj air , mat endeavou r ; to labou r ; to str ive.

ter , or thing . Nr'rnl '

rus, a, um . adj. mixed with*Nat.som us, ii. a man

’s name nitre pulvis nitratas, gua

Nelson.

Ni uo, inis. c . g. nobody : no one . Nix, nivia. I. snow.

Nau ru , adv. that is, to wit ; Nbsiai'ras, i tie. I. nobility ; the

namely . nobility or noblemen .

Ni n us, 6ris. n. a wood or grove ; Noc'ruanus, a, um . ad

'

. of or perthe trees of a wood. taining to night night or

‘ Nao-Cz saarau st s, is, 0 . adj. done, doc .

or belonging to New-Jersey . New , nonvis, nulls, lui. to be un

1"Nilzo is, e . adj. wi llingof or belonging to New York. Nou n inis . n . a word, title ; a

Ni aua, conj. neither, nor , dtc . family ; name or repu tation ; aVid . Nec . name.

Nitq uxo, ire. ivi, itum . neu t . can Non, adv . not .

not ; not to be able ; to beunable. Né ru n , i tum . pl . I. the nones sfNitq u l cq uau , adv. in vain, to no every month.

purpose. Noni ornu , adv . ninety .

i nure, né qua, né

z‘uid v. nequod . Nonnuu , adv. not yet , not as yet .

lest any one or t‘

ng . Noxnmm, n. indecl . somewhat, a

Naavus, i. m . a nerve, a sinew : little.

nervi. plur. streng th,force, pow Nonnuaw s, a, ma . gen . ins. adj.er , vigour . some, something , a little.

Nascio, ire, ivi, itum . nea t. to be Nonnunq uau , adv. comem ,

ignorant ; not to know, wot, or now and thsn.

tell . a u s, a, um . adj. the ninth.

Naur u , m , tram. gen . ins, dat . Ncan , as . I. law,

i. neither the one nor the other ; Nos, nostrum v. n

neither of the two. ab ego . we.

Ni va, nor, neither , and Nosco, é re, novi, notum . act. to‘Nuwr ourus, ii. a man

’s name know ; to discern .

Nosu s'

r, ourselves, we ourselves .

Nu , né cis. I. death. Nosr aa

Nexus, as. m . a connexion . own ;Ni, conj. if not, unless. Nosr aaNuns, n. indecl. not is, 0 . adj. of our or

a;su n

VOCABULARY.

N6 ", 0 . I. a mark ; a sign. s ovan , adv . in no place

to stain where ; in no p int .

ts eensur e ; to note ; to mark c n o nasu , a . I. the name 4ont ; to disttngnish ; to eapress ; s play

—Nto brand.

‘Non now s, a, um . adj. of or re0

k ang toNew-Engh nd—Q M Omm . t acc . for ; on sc

connt of ; reason of ;Nbvi'rw s, a, um. adj. newly made ; or over against ; about

sm ite, ii o . ivi, num. to comeNovvs, s, nm. adj. new : res no or at ; to diseharge ; ta pervm change of g overnment ; no on e ;

vissima acies, the rearmost rank; assc'

ro, i re, i vi, i tum . Iraq. to

novissimam agmen, the rear expose to.

Omicro, ere, jeci, jectum . act . to

put to ; to object ; to raise.

a country—New-Jers OBI-rue, ds . m . meeting ; death,

Novan-Eson cou . n . t name decease.

Oasuaoo, ire, i vi, i tum . act . to

Nox, noctis. I. night . chide ; to rebuke ; to rate ; to

doivsr n rw s, adv. the day be reprimand ; to reprove.

fore yesterday , three days ago. Oaai r os, s, um . part . oj ered,Ndvvs, a, um . adj . naked, uncov prof ered.

cred ; destitu te ; Oaaiv l scoa, ci, litus. dep. to forNuaw s, a, um . nul get ; to omit ; to pass by .

lius. none, no ; void, Oanos , a, um . adj. attachednull . obnoxious ; exposed to prone

Nbu an, Inis. n. the divine im inclined to.

pu lse ; a deity . Oascfiao, are, i vi, i tum . act to

Ndu i aus, i. m . a number ; mea darken ; to hide ; to render ohsure. scu rc.

Num ws v. N t'

n ws, i. m . a piece Oasnca i r us, a, um . part . ear

o/ money or coin ; money . nestly besought .

Nuno, adv. now, at present, at Oasncao, are, i vi, atum . act . to

this time. beg or conjure ; to beseech ; toNunmo, m , avi, atum. act. Vid . en treat .

Nuntio . Oaancaoa, i ti, i tus sum . dep. to

Nunome, n . Vid. Nuntius. beseech, entreat .

Nunadpi r us, a, am. part . called Oaai conno, are , i vi, atum . act.

by name . to humou r ; to com ly with.

Nuuofir o , lira, i vi, atum . act . to Oasi’

muoa, u i, fitus. ep. to at tendname ; to call . to ; to comfly with ; to sub

Nurt q uau , adv . never . mil to.

NUNTl O, are . avi, atum . act . to Oasaau r tofi nis. I. an observingtell ; to relate ; to carry news ; observation .

to acquaint . Onamavo, are, i vi, i tum . act. to

Nun-n us, u . m . a messenger ; a wa tch ; to observe

message, news, or tidings . Oaaassoa, 6ris . m . a besieger .

Ndr i aua, a, um . adj . late or new ; Over seas, a, um . part . beset, lvnew

zcome or tahen . sieg ed.

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VOCABULARY.

Om ardne s, i tie. I. ssssonable O nt-1 7 10, dais. I. a method ; a

On oar t'

mvs, s, um. adj. fit, con ernment .

venient , advantageous season Oantno, i re, i vi, i tum . set. top!in order ; to

Om asava, a, am . part . pressed Osman, iti, crave et orditos . dep.down ; barne down, oppressed, to beg in or enter upon.

crashed ; vanquishah snbdned. 0avo, lnia. m . an order ; series ;Orr aino, are , essi, assum . act. to

of sol

h 0

disrs

11. n. a reproac or aioo, beg in

m :w as, Ima g e. or deOr rvonZ-roa, 6m . m . an enemy ; scent.

Oa loa, ui, ortva. dep. to rise ; toOrrvano, are, i vi, i tum. act . to break out ; to arise.

a lumn a, a, am . part. derivingOr a, inns . 6pis, gen . 6mm, accus . pedig reefrom, descendedfrom ;bps, abl . power, m1ght ; help,

Ontari ans-run , attire ; an or

On elegantly,

gnaw-n ?OaNi '

rvs, a, 11m .

Or ri rva, a, 0111 .

Oani r ua, tis . m. dress ; furniOn ina, adv. Vid. Bans, very tare.

well, best ; most easily or con Oano, sre , av1, atum act. tandora ;to furnish to arm or acesatrs:

Or rinvq a, um. adj. sup. best, 0 110, i re, avi, atum. act. to beg ;most excellent, most beneficent . to entreat ; to prey .

Om o, 6ms. I. a choice, option, or Oar vs, tis. m . bi rth ; extraction ;rise.

Orficam a, a, tim . adj. potent, Os, 6ris. 111 . the mou th ; tongue.

mighty ; rich, wea lthy . Osr armo, ere , d1 sum et tnm . act.

Opus, é ns 11 . a wark, e perform to show , to make plain ; to

; .labour manifest ; ta prove.

Orva, snbst . indecl. need, occa O-rw n , 1i . n. leisu re ; peace, pub

Orvs, adj. indecl . needfu l, capedient , necessary

Orvsc6w 1t , i. n . dim . a

treatise or work. PA01scoa, cisei, pactua. dep. to

Oah u . I. a coast, region, country . agr ee ; to eome ta terms.

OaAciiw n , i. 11 . an oracle, an Pi ca, are , avi, atum . act . to sub»

swer fromthegods ; a prophecy . due ; to bring into subjection ;OaAr 1o, 6nis. I. a speech ; a dis to make tractable.

course ; an orat ion ; an edict . Pi ous, i. m . a vdlage or cou ntryQ ai 'taa, 6ris. m . a speaker ; an town.

PKLAn , adv . openly, publiclyOnaAr vs, a, 11111 . part destitute

bereft of ; deprivedp“t

of. PALLasco, é re incvpt. ts

033 1s, 1s. m. a g lobe ; an orb. g rowpale

Pu mas, i. ii i. any cloth, stuf , or Pi r ioa, pi ti, passns. dop.

’ to safclothing . fer ; to undergo ; to endure

gm , pi ris. adj. equal like.

d, P

to let ; to

allow.

Kai -ras, a, am . part . epars Ar nu , 1a . one’s can or

fitted ; ready, provided."

native soil.“W

PAaco, 6re, péperci cl parsi, par PAr xin6N1vl , 11. neu t. a paternalsum et citam . neat . to save ; to estate.

reservefor ; toforbear . PAr am s, a, um. adj. of or belongPi aao, é re, m i, titum . neat. to ing to a father .

obey ; to comply with. PA-rao, are, ivi, i tum. act . to

P1 3 10, é re, pépé ri, partum et pfir ej ect ; to perform ; to achieve.

Itum . act . to bring orth ; to ob. A001 , an, a. adj. pl . few.

tain ; to accomplis to cau se ; PAvcfiu , n , a. adj . dim .

to occasion . few.

‘ PAaxsm vsu , is, e. adj. of or be PAvai rm , adv. by little and little,longing to Paris, Parisian . by degrees .

PAaxsn , 0mm. 111 . pl PAvL1sraa adv. a little while, fora place

—Paris. a little while.

Pl ain s , adv. in the same pra PAvLo, by a little, a little.

in like man PAvw s, a, 11m . adj. very small orlittle.

Pi sa, are, i vi, i tum . act. to get PAvpaa 6ris. adj. poor needy.

ready ; to prepare ; to design . PAx, tibia. I. peace ;

,

qu iet ; a

PAas, tis. I. a part, a share ; a truce ; reconciliation .

division of ; a side—pl. Partes, Pac'rvs, 6ris. n . the chest ; the

a side or party . bosom or breast ; the hear t 0!PARTIM, adv . partly ; some. mind.

PAa'rus, a, 11m. part . gotten, ob Pi

'

tcfimA, 19 . I. an estate ; money.loined, ocured. Pincus, 6ris. 11 . sheep, aflock.

Pu wu , a v. little, but a little ; not Pi ous, iidis. I. et m. a sheep s

bru tish man .

PAav iiw s, a, 11m . adj. dim. very Pi ous, Itis. c . g. on foot : pedalsmal l , little. etpedites,foot soldiers—ct sing .

a os, a, um . adj. Minor, com . pedcs, foot, a body offootMinimus, sup. little, small ; Pi aasr aa v. Pi nasrms, tria. tra.

scanty ; inconsiderable ; weak. adj. o n foot ;PAscvvu , i. 11 . snbst . pasture. footman orfoot soldier pedes

PAacvvs, a, um . adj. serving for tria aermo, a prose discourse,

pasture or graz ing . the language of ase.

PAssnt , adv. every where. Pum as, is . I. the s n or hide of aPAssus, as. m . a pace ; a step . beast : pellss, tents for sol

Fi r i n o. 6ri, Iactus. neat. to be diers .

discovered, detected, ordisclosed . PsLLo, é re, pbpiili, pulsnm. act.

Pi '

r so, 6m , ui, neat. to be to drive or chase one m ay ; to

open ; to be opened ; to spread repel .

ou t . Pannao, 6re, pépendi. 111mm. neat.

Pi u s , tria. m . a father or sire. to depend.

Pi n cus, tis. part . suf ering , bear Penna, ére, pépendi. act. to

ing—adj.

,

t

‘hlat can or will un think of ; to esteem ; to value ;

der o or e ure ; patient.'

to pay .

s flm a . I. patience, endu Pi na v. Pa ns , adv. almost.rance. Pi n s, pu p. regi} “

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VOCABULARY. n .

Poaaloaoa, tri, cltvs. dep. topro Pos-ralma. adv. theneat day sftsr,

misc ; to engag e. the da

M an , i. n . a general name of Posvfia‘

a’

r to, 6m . f. a request ; skinds of frait that grows on desire ; a demand.

Posr fiah vu , 1 . n. a petition, s

a o, are, sui et sivi, situm . act. demand

to put ; to place. Posr i’

mo, i re, i vi, atum. act. 0

Pos s, tis. m . a bridge : Regine desire ; to requ ire.

Pens, Kingsbridg e. Pb'rart s, tis. past . et

Pbrfiai ais, is, e . adj. power ul .

subst . a countryman Parent “ , 0 . f. power,of the same breed or stock—pl. au thority , influence.

the multitude. Pb'rss'ras, i tie. f. power,Pbpfiao, are, avi, atum. act . to ment, authority .

waste ; to ransack ; to spoil . Pb'rxoa, iri, itus. dep. to possess ;Pbrfinoa, i ri, atus. dep. to plun to g et ; to conqu er .

der ; to waste. PM ", is, e. adj. potior,Pbrt

'

iw s, i. m . a nation ; a peo ti

zziimus, sup. able ;

ple. ePoasloo, ere, exi, ectum. act . to Pb'rl safuvu , adv. sup. spe

sl

‘

l

glstretch, reach. principally, chi y, mosPoaao, adv. fitrthsr ; moreov preferably to at rs .

fur thermore, besides. Pb'

ri'rus, a, am . part . having obPoar a, f. the gate of a city , a taincd, gotten, conquered.

t . br ine, adv. comp. rather , morePoar am vl , i. n. a prod

'

eligible, better .

Pour-love, be. i. a porch or gal Psm , prep. regit abl . before ; inlery ; a portico. compan son for or by reason of.

Poar o, are, i vi, i tum . act. to Pamsao, é re, bui, bltum . act. to

carry ; to bear . allow ; to af ord ; to of er ; toPosco, are, p6posci, act . to show ; to give.

as]: for ; to demand. Paa ci no. é re, cessi, cessum . act.

Possassxo, ( mis. f. a possession , a to go before.

property . Pastas-n on , 6ris. m . a master, a

Posaioso, é re, sédl , sessum . act . tutor , an instructer .

to possess ; to have or enjoy ; to Pamccn vn , i. n . a precept orru le ; a maxim ; a mandate;

Possum, posse, pbtui. neat. to be advice. instructio n.able ; to have power . a cino, é rc, di, cisum . act . to

Post , pre p. after ; behind ; since cu t or chop of to clip.

Pos'r, adv. afterwards, after that . Pumaimo, é re, cépi, ceptum . act.

Pos't u , adv. afterwards . to instruct ; to direct ; to comPos'ri svs, a, um . adj. that comes mand.

orfollows after : posterior, after , Pan creas, adv. particu larly, se

later ,worse postremus,thc last, pecia l ly , chiefly .

the worst . a c'

ipvvs, a, um . adj. chief,Pos'

rq ao, é re, bui bl tum . ac t . principal , special .to set less by ; to place or set Pamcisvs, a, um . part . cu t

behind ; to esteem less . chapped, cut short .

Pos t-aun t , adv. after that, as ; Psmcu nus, e, um. adj. very clearsince. and bright ; noble, renowned,

Pom i uo,adv. sup. lastly,finally . famous, excellent.

VOCABULARY.

M am a , n. n. fame, praise, Pus an-m t,

commenda tion . Pam sas, idis. c . g. a

FRE DA, a . f. a prey or booty ; governor .

spoil, pillage. Pan simi aw s, a, um . adj. belongPam oi '

nonw s, a, um . adj. pil ing to a garrison.

lag ing or plundering . Pan s‘

imvu , ii. neut . a garrison ;Pam p ico, i re , i vi, i tum . act. to a g uard ; a station, a post ; a

proclaim ; to afi rm ; to report ; fortress, a defence, aid, succour.to boast ; to vaunt of. a sr i aiu s, is, e . adj. excellent .

Pan nir us, a, um . adj. endued a s'ro, are, stiti, atitam et sti r

with, having . tum . neat . et act . to execu te ; to

Paz nr'

rco, é re, xi, etum . act. to make ; to perform ; to show ;mark out beforehand. to exhibit ; to make good ; to

a r ac'w s

, i. m . any ofi cer ; a warrant ; to excel ; to surpass ;commander , a governor . to exceed—impers. it is better .

a r é no, ferre, tfili. latum . act . Pearson , esse, fui. neat . to be into bear before ; to prefer . au thori ty ; to have the charge.

Pnz r icw , ere, feci, fecmm. act . ru le, or oversight .

to set over ; to g ive in charge. Pamr aa, pre p. except, beside.

Pnz viao, é re, xi, m m . ac t . to a r i n a s , adv. furthermore.fasten or stick before. moreover , besides .

Pam fiuicwu , ii. 11 . a prejudice. Pan-ni am , ire, ivi v. n . Itum. act.

Pmm non, i t i, atus . dep. to fig ht to go or pass by or over to letin bat tle ; to contend . pass.

Pan ama v. Pammvn , i. n . a Psm naum o, are, misi, isaum .

battle, a fight ; an engag ement, act . to omit ; toforget ; to leavea combat . undone ; to let pass .

Pan nm o, é re, misi, ssum . act . Ps i -run , i. n . a meadow.

to send before. Pai vvs, a, um . adj. wicked, disa uw u , ii. n . a reward. a. due honest, depraved.

recompense. PBAXIB, eos. f. the doingPam uonao, é re, u i, Itum . act. to thing ; the practice of any art

or pursu it.

Pam u é nir us, ris. m . a foretelling Pai ute, gen. ci, cem . ce . pl . preorforewarning . ces, um, ibus. f a suit or en

a u oaru s, is, 0 . adj. of high treaty ; a prayer, a supplication.

rank,very disting uished in rank . Pni coa, i ti, atus . dep. to praya nvn

'ru . re . f. a foreteller . to supplirate to beg ; to entreat .

Pam occfiro, are, i vi, {itum . act . Panu o, é re , essi. essum . act . to

to seiz e upon beforehand ; to press, weigh. or sink down ; toanticipate. oppress ; to constrain .

Pam rono, are, sui, altum . act . to Pas sr onw s, ii. a man’s name

place before ; to prefer ; to set Preston .

over . Pa i r-mx, n . n. esteem, value,Pnn rosir va, a, um . part . set over . worth, honou r, account .

made chief commander . Riva l , adv. prius, comp. um ,

Pamscaiao , are, psi, ptum . act . sup. qu . prms die, M ewometo prescribe ; to dictate ; to ap while since. long ag o.

P

°

nt . aiu i aw s, a, um . adj.amu se, tis. part. et adj. present . cipal .

Pu san'ru , a . f. presence ; the Paiu é u s, um . pl . 111 . the nobles

W M

VOCABULARY.

Pam Pabvo, Ere, idi, 1mm. act. to be

place, thefirst time.

Pat-vs, a, um . adj. first, chief. abracr o, adv. really ; indeed,Pl lncars, ipis. adj. first, chief, truly, assuredly .

principal—sub“. a chief, a gov abru o, ferre, tfili, li tum . act.

cruor or ruler ; any presiding to produce ; to extend ; to prolong ; to protract.

‘ Pamoar onu , a . f. the name of a Pabstcrscoa , ci, factus. dep. to

Princeton . advance ; to come ; to go to

Pnrnciri r vs, tis. m . principality , march.

sovereignty , dominion . Pabr i'rxoa, é ri, feeaus . d to

Parti cipan t , ii. 11 . a beginning . profess ; to enlist for a s dier :

Pa ton, us. com. primus, sup. the profiteri nomine, to enlist.

former . Pnbr frsvs, a, um . part . pouredPa l sr invs, a, um . adj. ancient , ou t—adj. wasteful ,profuse,proformer . digal , lovich.

Paivi r vs, a, um . bereft or Pné snimoa , di v. diri, greesns.deprived void ai

mdep. to some or goforth ; to ad

Paivi ‘

rvs, a, um . adj. private. vance.

h im , are, avi, i tum . act . to de Paonisao, are, bu i, bitum . act. to°

ve. prohibit ; to hinder ; to debar .

Paw s, adv. comp. before. Paé uovao, é re.m6vi, motum . act.

Pam eq van , adv . before that . et neat . to advance ; to pro

Pao, prep . for , as, according to ; mate ; to enlarge ; to extend ;before ; on account of. to prolong .

art . et ad°

. tried, Paé u vaoo, i re, avi, i tum . act . to

proved, al lowe well la ed of . noise abroad ; to proclaim.

Pabst , adv. well . Pr ovi so, are, i vi, i tum . act. to

Padai'ras, i tie. f. goodness, hon increase ; to enlarg e.

esty, virtue, probity . nova , adv. pro ius, comp. prox

Pabso, fire, i vi, atum . act . to ime, sup. mg , near to, by, be

prove ; to approve ; to try . side, almost .

Pniiaus, a, um . adj . honest, virtu Pnbr é m sm, adv . shor tly , within

ous, good. a few days or a short time.

Puocfioo, are, cessi, cessum . neut . Pubes ere. pfili, pulsam . act.

to proceed to march on . to repu lse ; to kee of .

Pnbci nus, a, um . adj . high, tall , P8 695“ , adv. speedily , in hasteFabr i no, ire, avi, i tum .

Paé caivw , 18 , e . adj. cl PROCLi do quickly—neat . to hasten .

vos, a, um . down hill ; inclined. Pné vm q vvs, a, um . adj . neighPnc L , adv. far , far of , far bou ring

—aubst . a neighbou r .

Pné pé no, é re, sui, sitam . ac t . to

Pabcuu ao, é re, cfibu i, bitum . n . propose ; to set before one ; to

tofall in battle ; to be slain . aj'

er ; to profler .

Paocfia i r oa , 6ris. m . an admin Paor é s‘

ir un , i. n . a purpose, anistrator , an agent , a solici tor . i ntent , an aim or end.

Pnbnsq , ire, ivi v. ii, itum . n . to Paormus, a, um . adj . pecul iar .

go or come forth ; to march Paorr an, pre p. for , by reason of,forth ; to go or come out . near to.

Pabniroa, 6ris . m . a traitor or Paorr i an , adv. for that cause.

betrayer . Paé pvani cfiw u , i. n. a fort, aPl bnzgg

s, a, am. part . betrayed. bulwark.

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am .

arm s, conj. albeit, although. e naol ai sluvs, e, um. adj. theenno, what time;

hesince or see: t u inauunmun , n . n. t space

Quanobq vlnaigconj. for as much five yeare.

of

es,seeing that, because,whereas umr iu s, is. m. the month ofQuanaun r. Vid. Q uamq11am .

Q uart-run , adv. as far as, how or q ur ve, 11, um. adj. pro Quincas, how much. r us, the th.

Wam uu vu wonj.albeit, although. mesa, adv. for,Quan '

rua, a, 11m. adj. how great, ing .

howmuch ; asmuch or as great Q v1snau ,qno nam , quodnam,who1which ? what ? what.

Qui raon aa, adv. v. conj. for Q u1soua, quoque, quodque, everyman, every one, every thing ;

Qui n , adv. wherefore .7for which whosoever, whatsoever .

reason . Q u1sau1s, m . ct f. quid, qued. neat.

Qun 'rue, a, tim . adj. thefour th. whosoever,whatsoever any one.

Qui n . adv. as i as it were ; in Q 01v1s, qua vis, quidvis v. quod

a manner most . via. whosoever , any one.

Qul ‘

n o, bra, asi, ssum. act. to Q uo, adv. et conj. whither ; byshake. how much ; because.

Quar alnuuu , the space of Q ucan, adv. as long as ; as farfour days . as ; as to, w1twith respect to.

Q ua-won, adj. pl . indecl . four . Q u6o1aca, conj. wherefore, thereQ uaruonni cm , pl. indecl . four fore.

teen . Q v6cunq uu , adv: whithersoever .

Q ua, com. and ; also ; or . Q uon, pro Q uoan, so far as, so

Q uao, ire, ivi, Itum . defect. to be mu ch as .

able ; toma or can . Q uon, conj. that ; because ; as ;

Q ui ai u , w . a complaint . forasmuch as since.

Q u i am 6m a. a . f. a complaint. Q u6u i1vus, adv. the less ; that

Q u i aoa , qu é ri, questus. dep. to not.

complain. Q u6n6uo, adv. after whichfashionQ u 1, quia, quod pron . who, which ; or manner ; how .

who 1 w1m ? Q uouuau , adv. formerly , heretoQ um , con cum indie . et subj. be fore.

cau se,for as mu ch as , for that. Q u61v1au , conj. since that, for as

Qu icunq ua, qurscunque, quod much as ; because.

cunque, whosoever , whatsoever . Q u6q ue , conj. also.

Q uim n , que dam , quoddam ct Q uor , indecl . lur . so many as .

quiddam , some certain person or Q u6u 1vm s, a .d)

v every year , year

thing by year , yearly .

Quivers, adv. tru ly , indeed. Q u6v‘

1’

o1a, adv. every day , day byQ uiLmu'r, que hbet , q uodlibet v . day , da i ly .

quidll'

bet , whosoever you will ; Q oum, adv. when conj. since,any one. whereas.

Qum , adv. cl conj. why not ? bu t,bu t that. R.

Q umui cm , adj. pl . indeQ umm

’

rm ,w, a. adj. pl . Bi mx, ieie. f. a root.

v oam , n ,‘Rannoarmus, ii. aman s name

VOCABULARY.

Ri fl e , 611is. f. reason ; regard ; a Ri cusi ao, ire, i vi, i tum . act . acause ; a design or pu rpose ; recover ; to regain .

a way ; a manner ; an expeclient ; a condi tion ; a reckoning to run back ; to retreat .

or account ; purport, method. Ri cuso, i re, i vi, i tum . act. to

Rh os, a, um . part. ct adj. act . refuse ; to deny.

judging , believing , thinking , Ramb o, 6re, did1, redditumsupposing . to render ; to restore ; to give

Ri asau s, is, 0 . adj. rebellious, to recompense ; topay .

Rus so, ire, ivi ct ii, Itum . neat.Ri ci no, em , ssi, ssum . nea t . to to return ; to come to.

retire ; towithdraw ; to retreat . Ri mico, ere, é gi, actnm . act. to

Ri cxns, tis . adj. new, fresh ; bring back again ; to constrain.

newly or lat ely made or done ; Ri m s-ream , are, i vi, i tum . act.

late, recent, modern . to refresh ; to renew.

Ri cans, adv . freshly ,lately,newly , Ravi-rue, us. 111 . a return.

of la te. Ri nfico, 61's , xi, etum . act. b

Ri causso, ere , sui, sum cl sitam . bring or lead back.

act . to muster ; to vicw ; to ear » Ri oux, ucis. c . g. brought orvey . t urned ag ain ; retu rning .

reviewed, Ri r i ao, terre, tuli, latum . act . to

numbered carry back ; to bring ; to proRi cs r'ruu , i. 11 . an engagement pose ; to betake ; to yield ; toor promise. impa le referre pedem, toyield

Ri cs r'rus, as. m . a retreat , a re ground.

Ri rsarus, a, am . part. ct adj.Ri csssus, 6s. m . a retiring ; a

place of retirement . Rar icw , bra, fé ci,Ri cin o, ere, cepi, ceptum . act . pai r ; to amend ; to renew.

to receive ; to betake ; to retreat . Ri ronn iuo, i re , i vi, atum . act.

Bi cir o, are , avi, i tum . ac t . to tofear much ; to dread gr eatly .

read ou t aloud. Rfioims, is, e . adj. royalor king ly ;Ri conui'rus, e , um . part . et adj. imperial, princely .

hidden , la id it Ri oxo, 6uis. f. a

Ri conuo, é re, Idi, ditam . act . to Ri al us, a, um .

hide ; to lay up ; to hoard. royal .

Ri coau i r us, a, 11 111 . part . remem Rsonun , i. n. a kingdom ; rule oe

Ri couuos , firi, i tus . dep. to call Ri co, 6re, rexi, rectum. set. wto mind ; to remember . ru le ; to govern .

Rscr s , adv . well , aright, rightly , Ri auu , O . f. a rule.

Russo-n o, 611is. f. a. rejecting or

Rscr on, 6ris . m . a governor ; a refusing .

Raricro, bre, jeci, jactum. act. to

Racr un, i. n. honesty, integrity , cast orfling back.

vir tue. Ri ch es , bi, lapsus. dep . to slideRacr u s, a, um . part . ruled or orfall back ag ain .

governed. Rh i n o, 6nis. f. a relatwn .

Rae-rue, a, um . adj. straight ; right Ri ai r us, 11, um . part . brought

orward ; back again ; related ; returned.R

”

no, fire, di, sum. act . tohem Ri u c'rus. a, 11111. part . left behind;mer orforge anew.

VOCABULARY.

M alena, 6nis. f. religion ; a form to confine ; to restrain ; to re

of worship. press ; to check.

mu s ici ans, a, um . ad'

. religious Ri p t‘

imi r us, a, um. part. rejected,Ri amavo, are, liqui, etum . act refused.

to leave behind ; to relinqu ish. Ri sfimo, ire, i vi, i tum . act. to

Ri t iq vvs, a, um . adj. the rest, divorce ; to refuse ; to reject .Ri suam n

'ru , a . i. contrar iety

Ri cocr i ru s, a, um . part . act . opposi tion, resistance.

strugg ling against-pass. strug Rapuano, are, i vi, atum . neat . to

g led ag ainst . cross ; to thwart ; to oppose ; to

Ri w o'roa, i t i, i tus. dep. to strug resis t.

gle or wrestle. Ri sfi'

ro, are, ivi, i tum . act . to

M ad onna, ii. n . a remedy, a think and think again ; to con

eure. sider ; to revolve.

Ri u so, are, i vi, i tum . naut . to Ri q oiasco, é re, é ui, atum . incept.retu rn or come back ain . to rest .

Ri n ses , adv. remisilgl, negli Rae, rei. f. a thing ; an afiair ;g ently . substance a purpose ; a state,

R i nbu , o . f. a delay , stop or empire, or governmen t ; anyhindrance. business, post, or employment ;

Ri na-rue, a, um. part . et adj. set money, wealth ; a subject ; an

aside or at a distance—adj. re art, property nova res, a revo

mote, afar of , at a distance. lution .

Ri nbvuo, é re, movi, motum . act. Rsacm no, é re, scldi, scissum . act.

to remove. to cu t or break down ; to annul ;Ri u ir oa, ti, sue cl xua. dep. to to repeal .

resist . Rascxssvs, a, um . part . cu t downRimxus, fie. m . a resisting ; an or asu nder .

efiort ; reluctance, resistance. Resentm ent , ti. u . a rescript ; e

Rimuo, are, nui, m'

i tum . act. to brevet.

refuse ; to deny . Ri saco, i re, cui, etum . act. to

Rnoa, ré ri, ri tus . dep. to suppose ; pare to clip .

to j udg e ; to deem ; to think. Ri sac'

rus, a, um . part . ou t or

Ri pam a, adv. suddenly , al l on a pared of .

sudden . Ri saavo, are,avi, i tum . act . to re

Ri pam imu s, a, um . adj. unlocked serve.

for , sudden . Ri si e'

ro, é re, atiti, stitum . neut .

Ri p i a l o, ire, pé ri, pertum . act. to to wi thstand ; to r esist.

find ou t ; to discover . Raspicuo, é re, exi, actnm . act . to

Ri par ir u s, a, um . part . repeated. consider ; to reg ard ; to re

Rap é 'ro. é re, tivi v. tii, titum . act . spect .

to go over ag a in . Raspou vao, é re, di, sum . neut . to

en no, é re, é vi, é tum . act. to answer ; to reply .

fil l up ; to replen ish. Raspom vm, i. u . an answer , a

Ren am e, a, um . part . filled ; reply .

abounding . Rae- 903mm , rei-publicis . f. a

Ri poa'

ro, are, i vi, i tum . act . to commonwealth ; a state.

report ; to g et . Raspuo, é re , pu i, putum . act . to

Rapaauanoo , é re, di, sum . act to refuse to reject ; to slight .seiz e ; to reprehend ; to blame ; Rae

-rir uo, é re, tui, tutum . act . to

to censu re. restore ; tosurrender ; to repair ;Resizing) , ére, ressi, ressum. act. to renew ; to rally .

27

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VOCABULARY. an

Si stine, adv. plainly ; ears

polluted—adj assiduousl indus trious ly .

Scl baa, a . f. a Si aas, é tis. land tilled or sown ;Scribn er

-Ices, a, um . adj. scho standing com , a crop .

l amin a, adv. neg ligently , slothScrarrru , a . f. a knowledge; sci fu lly , slugg ishly .

ence. Si'

tw uc'rus, a, um . part. put asun

Bci'

aics'

r, adv. tru ly , doubtless . der .

Scrrtr rcu , a . f. a spark offire. Si m sao, i re, xi, etum. act. to

Scro, Ire, ivi, itum. act . to know.

m acr os, a, um . part. chosenout ; choice, select.

Sh ioo, i ts, lég'i, lsctum . act. to

Sabres, i. m . a mark or bu tt which choose out .

men shoot at ; design, aim, or Sl LLA, a . t'

. a seat or ehair .

purpose. Sinu s-L. adv. once ; never but once.Soaiso, 61

'

s, psi, ptum. act. to Sh ine“ , ai. f. half an hour .

write ; to compose. i um , a . f. a narrow way, aScarr'roa, 6ris. m . a writer . footpath, a way .

Scare-run , i. n . a writing . Sau n a, adv. always, continually,Seam us, e, um . part. written, for ever .

composed. Ssu rir aauvs, a, um . adj. perScar

‘

rroa, i ri, i tus. dep. to search petual , continual , ever lasting .

diligently ; to eaplore to ex Si u i 'rus, us. m. a senate or chiefamine ; to sift . council ; a parliament .

Si ci vo, are , cessi, sessum . neut Si u i r u s-cou suu rvu , i. u . an act,towithdraw; to retire; to retreat . ordinance, or decree of the sen

Si cws, adv. comp. less . ate ; an act of par liament .

Si osfir uu , i. n . a secret . Si nax, is. c . g. an old man or

St or es , i ri, i tus . dep. to follow woman .

tofollow after . Sauaua, (is. m. sense.

Si cfiw u , i. n . the time of a man’s Ssm sm u , a . f. Opinion ; judg

life ; an age ; the world. ment, advice ; a resolu tion ; de

Si crmnuu , pre p. regit acc . nigh sire, wish a sense ; a sentence ;

or near ; hard by . a decree ; feeling .

Si cu snus, a, um . adj. second ; San-n o, ire, si, sum . act. to be sen

prospero us . sible of ; to think ; to deem ; toSi c é a

‘

r'

u s, atis. f. secu rity, assu be apprised ; to perceive.

rance, safety . Si r i ao, i re, i vi, atum . act . to

Si cfirw s, a, um . adj. secure, safe. separate ; to disjoin .

Sit-cos, adv. otherwise. San fim , as , a. adj . pl . seven each ;San, conj. bu t ; bu t also ; however . seven .

Si nus. is . f. a seat ; a dwelling Ssn anr aro, (mis. m. the north.

place ; a settlement . Ssn s rtr a rdrzi u s, is, e . adj. northSi ni'n o, dais . f. a mu tiny ; in cm .

surrection , sedition . San iu os, a, um . adj. the seventh.Sfinir ré sus, a, um . adj. seditious, Sam m c am fisiu us, a, um . adj.

factions, mu tinous . the seven-hu ndredth.

Simo, are, i vi, atum . act . to allay ; San ui afisiu us, a, um . adj. theto assuage ; to qu iet ; to calm. seventieth.

Sirocco, are, xi, ctum. act. to Si ruacaavu , i. n. a grave, e

lead aside or apart. tomb, a sepulchre.

816

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VOCABULARY.

M i nus, a, um. adj. superi. Ti mon, i. ii . any weapon.

highest ; las t, latest ; greatest ; Ti u i ai ni us, a, um . adj. rash, indiscreet, thoughtless, inconsid

Sum o, are, taxi, rectum . neat . to crate.

Ti'

nii u , adv. rash

Susctsio, are, cepi, ceptum. act . Ti ni niu s, i tis. f.

to undertake ; to u ndergo ; to hardiness.

accept ; to take upon him . Tanri aan'ri s, si . f. moderation,

Susoi'ro, are, i vi, atum . act . to temperance, sobriety .

awake ; to kindle ; to provoke ; Tsu rnsu s, i tie. f. time, season ;to stir up ; to rouse. tempest or storm ; destruction,

Scan ned“ , n . f. a hanging up. danger ; a commotion .

Sussici o, bnis. f. mistrust, sus Tau r us-rive, adv. seasonably , opportunely .

Sust ain-o, i le , i vi, i tum . freq . to Tuu pssr ivus, a, um . adj. seasonsustain ; tofind ; to mainta in . able ; opportune.

Si ts-rinse, eve, nui, tentum . act . Tau rus, 6ris. n. time ; opportu

to support to maintain ; to nity ; an occasion .

bear ; to saf er ; to withstand. Tunuo, é re, té tendi, sum cl tum.

Sous, a, um. pmnom . his ; hers ; act . to extend ; to hold ou t ; to

its ; theirs or their own ; do g o ; to march ; to advance ; to

mcstics, relatives, countrymen ; aim .

proper , lawfu l ; pecu liar . Ti NEBl E , i t um. f. plur. darkSvu s , in. f. dtq. Vid. Silva. ness, the dark night ; obscuri ty .

Sn vnsr ni s, is, e. adj. woody . Ti nao, é re, nui, nium . ac t . to

hold fast ; to seiz e ; to track ;to trace ; to keep ; to rule ; to

govern ; to amuse ; to please ;Tl snani ciiw u , i. n . a tent . to maintain ; to embrace ; to

Th i s, is, 0 . adj. such like ; this possess ; to retain .

plur . these. Tunr i r us, a, um . part . tried.

Tau , adv . so, so much ; as much, Team , are , avi, atum . freq . to ad

as well . ventu re ; to try ; to attack.

Ti u an, conj. notwithstanding ,Tasmanian , i. n . a tent .

however . Ti mers , is, 0 . adj . fine.

Ti na-rei , conj. albeit, although ; Tanc ivsasoa, ari, atus. dep. to

notwithstanding . bogg le ; to shuflle and cut ; to

TANDEM, adv. at leng th. trifle with one ; to be backward.

Tam en , adv. so much, so many ; Tuscuu , i. n . the back.

Ti me, eve, trivi, tritum . act . to

Tsur um sboo, adv . only . waste ; to spend .

Taur us, a, um . adj. so much, so Texas , as. f. the earth ; land or

g reat, so many ; so wor thy , country ; the world .

noble. Tuu u us'rnis, is, 0 . adj. of or beTsnou , adv. slowly . long ing to the earth ; earthly .

Tam i-ras, atis. f. slowness ; du l Tsaai’

a‘

iu s, is, 0 . adj. dreadfu l,ness . terrible.

Ta r i '

ric, ( mis . f. a cessing , taz Tsauisicus, a, um. adj. dreadful ,i ng .

Tsxo, are , i vi, i tum . freq . to tax . Treason, 6ris. m . fear, terror,TELLUO, uris. f. the earth ; land ; dread ; an alarm.

a

;o

gt

o

nt ry , a nation . Tam as, a, um. adj. the“it“.

VOCABULARY.

Tassi n , u . t a watch-word, a Ts anq uru‘

ir s s, i tie. f. tranquillity , qu ietness.

Tun i sian-run, i. u . a testament Taa m cw s, a, um . adj. calm ;or last will. qu iet, sedate, undistu rbed.

Tar i nus, i. m. lock-jaw. TRANS, pre p. over , beyond, on the

onu s, a . a man’s name other side.

homas. Tasnsuo, ire, ivi , Itum . act. to go“Ticonnsuoos, a . f. the name of through ; to ru n through one ;

a place Ticonderoga. to pass over .

Tiisao, ere, mui, n . et act. to Tnsn s‘

i’

oo, ere, egi, actnm . act . to

fear ; to dread to’

be afraidfor conclude ; to transact ; to des

or 0 patch.

“id eas, a, um . adj. fearful , tim Tusnsu i ssus, a, um . part.

orous, cowardl passed over ; passed, sent .

Th ick , bris. m . ear , dread ; cow Tnsnsu i 'r ro, are, mini, ssum . act .

ardice, apprehension . to send over ; to transmit.

Ti ii'rmrd suauu , i. n. a little Tnansvonr o, are, i vi, atum . act.

bell . to transport.

Ti iio, (mis. m. a freshman, a nov Tni canr i, n , a. adj. pl . three

ice.

Tf'rt'

iem s, tis. part. stumbling , Tu i u i cru , plur . indecl . thirteen .

stammering . iTai u i'

iuu Nuus, a, um . adj. fearTfr iiaus, i. m . a title.

1[u l—subst . a Quaker .

Tbea, si . f. a gown, an upper gar arm-ou rs , si . f. the name of a

ment, a toga . place Trenton.

TOLLO, ere, su s i i‘ili, sublaiem . act . Tait-sinus, a, um . adj. fearful,to take up to lift up ; to raise ; cowardly .

to elevate ; to remove. Tans et have tria, plur . three.

Touri sm-uni , i. ii . any rope ; an tTnieunus, i. m . a colonel .

eng ine of war . Tninuo, ere, bu i, butum . act . to

TORRENS, tis . in . a stream , a land give ; to g rant ; to bestow ; to

flood, a torrent . attribu te ; to ascribe ; to impute.

Tor , adj. plur. indecl . so many . Taieur u s, a, um . part . given .

Tor us, a, um . adj. gen . ius. whole ; Ta ici

h

s‘

iiius, a, um . adj. the thirball . tiet

Tnacr o, are, i vi, {itum . freq . to Ta iouuu , ui. ii. the space of threehandle ; to manage ; to treat . days .

Tni o‘

r’

r us, a, um . part . delivered ; Taicfis‘

iu us, a, um . adj. the thir

su rrendered ; handed down . lieth.

Tni no, é re, didi, ditam . act . to TRfGlN’l‘

A, adj. plur . indecl . thirty .

deliver ; to surrender . Tniu nr ir o v. Taieuxr ir o, adv.

Tai oiico, ere, xi, ctum . act. to in three parts.

bring ; toconvert ; topass away . Tam b, adv. by threefoldTn

'

i u o, é re, xi, etum . act . todraw ; Ts iar i s, is, e . adj. sad, sorrowto drag ; to get ; to prolong .

Tni sacr u s, a, urn . part . thru st Tm r‘

i’

cuu , i. n . wheat .

through ; carried or conveyed Tsucioo, are, avi, i tum . act . to

over ; crossed, passed over . murder ; to kill ; toassassinate

Ts im cr us, 0s. m . a crossing to massacre.

one’s path, an tion . Tnvomus, u . a man

’s name

Tun isia, are , jé ci, jectum . act. Tryon .

to can y ,z

lead, or pass over . Tit, tui, pron. thou .

2

VOCABULARY.

Tul sa, i ou ii , i. u . a ford or shallow.

to see ; to behold ; to defend ; Vi rair is , u . f. et Var ian t s, si.

assist ; to be defended. f. craftiness, shrewdness .

Tun , adv. then, at that time ; as Vi oon, an, i tus . dep. to wander ;well as. to stray ; to rove.

Tun , conj. and, also. Vanna, adv. very much, gr eatly.

Tdu uar ubsus, a, um . adj. tumul Vi u’

ioico, é re, dixi, dictum . act.

tuous, seditious ; stormy . to bid farewell or adieu .

Tuu um us, 0s. m . tumu lt, trouble, Vi n o, ere, lui, ll ium . neat . to bedistu rbance ; sedition . strong .

Time, adv. then , at that time. Vi ni r cvo, dluis. f. health ; sick

Tduics , n . f. a man’

s waistcoat ness.

or jacket. Venu s, is. f. v. Vann a, a val leyTunes , a . f. a mu ltitude ; trouble ; or dal e.

—turbo , pl. disturbances. Vacauu , i. n. a trench, a fence,Tunsi u um uu , i. a . trouble. a wall, a bulwark or rampart .

Tuuao, are, i vi, atum . act. to Vi u us, a, um . adj. vain ; use

trouble ; to disturb. less .

"Tonous, i. m . a Turk.

“Vu l can , i t um . f. pl . the smallTuau i r ui , adv. tr s or pox.

bands .

by oopVi aius, a, um. adj. chang eable,

Tum s, is, s . adj. base, dishon vari ous .

ourable, disgr ace ul . Vs s, vasis. u . contr . a vasum ;Tuarir sa, adv. s mefully , dis nude in pl . Vi sa, 6mm . a

g racefu lly ; basel infamously . kind of vessel or householdTuas

‘

fruoo, dinis . dishonesty ; goods .

baseness, meanness. Vasr o, i re, i vi, i tum. act. to layTou rs, is . f. a tower . waste ; to ravage.

Tur i n , e . f. defence, protection ; Vasr us, a, um . adj. waste, desokeeping ; guardianship . late ; huge, wide, broad, larg e ;

Tur o, i re, avi, atum . freq . to de vast .

fend ; to secu re. Vi r us, is. c . g . a poet or poetess.

Tur oa , ari, atus. dep. to defend UBl , adv. where, i n what place ;and keep safe. where ? when .

Tor on, 6ris . m . a defender, pro Unin n , adv. where or in whattector ; a g uardian . place

?

Tur ns, a, um . adj . safe, ou t Uniq ue , adv in every place everydanger , secure. where.

‘ TYPocRAPu us, i. m . a printer . Vu , conj. or , either .

iTq s, i. m . a type orfigure ; a VEcEr us, a, um . adj . lus ty , sound,

printer’s type. vig orous .

Tr au m a, idis. f. tyranny . Vuu i u uu s, tis. adj. vehement,

Tr uau uus, i. m . a king ; a tyrant ; earnest, powerfu l, stirri ng .

a usurper . Vuu é n enr un , adv. eager ly , earnestly , strong ly .

Vau i u anr u , m. f. vehemency ,earnestness .

Vi cui r i cio, are, feci, faetum. act . Vuu icuw u , i. n . a car , wain , or

to vacate, to evacuate. wagon ; a vehicle.

Vi ouo. i re, avi, atum. act . to Vano, é re, xi, etum . act . to carryvacate, to evacua te. to conve —neut. to be carried

Vi cuus, a, um. adj. void, vacant. to trace

288

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VOCABULARY.

Vioao, ere, vidi, visum. act . Viro, i re, ivi, atum . act . to shun ;see ; to visit ; to understand. to avoid.

Vlnaoa, é ri, visus. pass . to be Virusi ai r ro, bnis. f. a

seen ; to seem. orfindingfault with.

Vini r ua, bitur, sum est . impars. Vrvo, ere, xi, ctum . neat. to live ;it seems ; it seems good. to continue ; to be.

Vlnua, a . f. a widow. ivus, a, um . adj. livingVicao, é re, ui,—. neut. toflourish. Vix, adv. scarcely , with diflicu lty .

Viai shi us, a, um. adj. Vid. Vi Un us, a, um . adj. gen . ullius,cesimus. dat . ulli, any, any one.

“al u m s , in. f. watchfulness Unr ia uu , adv. the last time.

care. m inus, a, um . adj. super. last ;Viol a-n , sd

‘

. pl. indecl . twenty . farthest or far thermost .Viau , w. L

]a country

-seat . Unr ao, adv. willing l volunta

Vinnicus, i. m . a husbandman a r ily, freely ; imm ly .

steward. Uuainicus, i. m . the navel ; the

Vinco, are, ici, ictum . act. to end ducere ad umbilicum, to

conquer ; to subdue ; to van bring to an end.

UNA, adv. together, in company“w h en cl VINCLUI , i. n. a with, at the same time.

bond or band. Unus , in. f. a surge, a wave.

Vinnfci r uu asr , impsrs.they were Urine , adv. whence.

m enged, or defended. Unni cinus, a, um . adj. the eleva fco, i re, i vi, i tum . ac t . to cu th.

defend ; to deliver ; to claim ;to maintain . Unni vicfishd ivus, a, um . adj. the

Vinnie, i. n . wine. nineteenth.

Video, i re, i vi, i tum . act. to Unni vici siu us v. Unni viai sfbreak ; to violate. nu s, a, um . adj. the nineteenth.

Via, viii . m . a male ; a man ; a Unni vicm 'ri , pl . indecl . nineteen .

husband. UNDiq ua, adv . on every side, from*VinciNis , e . f. thename of a state all places, parts, or corners .

c m s, is. m . a na i l .‘ Vincm iau sis, is, 0 . adj. of or be Um vunsus, a, um . adj. the whole,long ing to Vi rg inia . all withou t exception .

V i sion , is, 0 . adj . g reen . Unq uau , adv. at any time, ever .

Vinin e, is, 0 . adj . of a man ; Unus, a, um . adj. g en . ius. one

stout, manly pro virili par ts , alone, the same.

with all one’s power . Unusqm sq uu , unfique que, unum

Viar us, fitis. f. for titude, valou r ; quodque, adj. every one, every .

good manag ement ; worth ; vi r V600 , are, i vi, atum . act . to sum

tu e. man ; to cite ; to reduce ; to

Vi s, vim, vi pl . vires, vi‘

riam , bring .

ibus . f. force, violence ; streng th, Voair o, are, i vi, i tum . freq . to

might, power ; abundance ; a fly abou t .

store of things. Vow , velle, volui. defect . to beViso, é re , si, sum . freq . to go to wi lling ; to wish ; to desire.

see ; to visit . Vonunr i mu s, a, um . adj . volun

Visu s, a, um . part . beheld, seen ; tary , willing .

perceived. (Sw an s, i tis. f. will ; g oodwill ,V ir a , e . f. life.

Vir iuu , ii. n . a defect ; a crime. Voavo, Ere, lvi, lutum. act. to

VOCABULARY.

hurl down ; to consider ; to be Ur iah “ , i tie. f. advantage, ia

conversant with. terest importance service.

Vow-m, are, avi, atum. freq . to UTINA I , adv. apt . O that . would !

Ur oa, fiti, fisus. dep. to enjoy ; toYou r. et Vaul ts, 6ris. m . the have ; to use ; to employ .

ploughshare. U'rrii'rt , adv. because as, as .

Voar ax, Icie. m. Vid. Vertex. Ur amq us , adv. on both sides.

Vosu ar ir sr,your ownselves . Vid. Ur acil , adv. whether .

Tu . Vur.

V5TUI , i. n . a desire, a wish. man,Vex, v6cis . f. a voice. Vum e, adv.

Uans, is . f. a city . Vuw us, gi. 11. et m

Uaoao v. Uaauao, é re, ris, team .

set . topress on ; topress down ; Vom i ao, are, avi, atum . act. to

to oppress. wound, maim .

Usava, adv. continually ; as far Vuw os, 6ris. n . e wound.

as, until ; even . Von -us, fie. m . the look, aspect,

Usus, (is . m . use, benefit prac countenance.

tice, experience, us e. Uxon, 6ris. f. a wi e.

U'r, adv. as, inasmuchgas by

I

much the more ; how ? how !W

to the end that ; so that. “Wasnmaromns, n . a man’s

Ur cuuq un,adv. howsoever when» name Washing ton.

soever . ii. a man’s name

Ur aaaua.u no, utramque,gen .

insque . adj. h, each. man-we, n. a man

’s name

U'ri, adv. that ; to the end that ; Willet.even as.

Ur in e, is, 0 . adj useful, commoZ .

dious, gevas, advisable. Z i afirvrus, a, umum adj. jealous.

286

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“ STII ONIALU.

PM the Rev. 8 . B. Wy lie, D . D . , Professor of AncientLa nguages, and Vice Provost of the University of Penn

Ma. Rsvnoans,DI AS Sim—In compliance with your request, I have

examined “A Life of Washington, in Latin Prose, byFu ncia Glass , A . M. , of Ohio.

” My Opinion of this per

formance is, that in purity of sty le, rotundity of period,and judicious selection of words, it is exceeded by none

of the modern works introductory to the study of the

ancient Roman classics. Its imperfections are few ; its

beauties numerous. It will be a val uable acquisition to

our classical schools, initiatory to Cn sar or Nepos, or

suchfirst Roman author as the teacher may see cause to

adopt. Such an American book has hitherto been a de

sideratum. It is now furnished. It is well calculated

to fire the youthfu l genius, and inspire the generousmind

with the purest patriotic sentiments.

In thus expressing myself, I cannot help minglingsome feeling with my recollections of the author. I was

acquainted with Mr. Glass from his boyish days. He

was an enthusiastic votary of the classic muse immedi

ately on his initiation into the Grammar School . That

he laboured not in vain, this production will be a lasting

Very respectfully , yours, & c . ,

8 . B. WYLIE.

Bellvue, Sept. 1st, 1835.

From the Rev. Samuel W. A . M , Principal ofthe Academical Department

sy lvania .

Dana Sim—I heartily agree with the above recommendation, and add, that I will introduce the book into the

Academy under my care as soon as published.

SAM’L W. CRAWFORD.

J. N. Reynolds, Esq .

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TESTIMON IALS.

such as pleasantly su spends the attention, and often ter

minates sentences w ith energy and dignity . The mater ial

of the life seems also well selected. As the offspring of

the labour of an obscure but fine scholar, an en thusiast

in study , and a victim to misfortune—as the first attempt

of any note in this country to paint public character or

events in the imperial Latin , the performance is a curi

osity worthy of high credit .

Respectfu lly ,

Your obedient servant ,

J . W . STUART.

J. N. Reynolds, Esq .

From J. L . K ingsley , LL .D . , Professor of the Latin Lan

gu age in Yale College.

New-Haven, 7th November, 1835.

J. N . Rsvrt om s, Esq .

Sra,—A copy of the Life of Washington , by Francis

Glass, w ith your letter from New-York , was received

here during ou r late college vacation. I have read it

over, and my opinion of the work does not differ materi

ally from that of Professor Anthon . You have done right

in publishing it . It is my present intention to write, in

the course of a few months, a notice of it for some one

of our periodicals.

Yours respectfu lly ,J . L . K INGSLEY.

From Jared Sparks, Esq . , Au thor of the Life and Editor

of the Writings of Washing ton .

Cambridge, Mass , Nov . 9th, 1835.

Dean Sra,—At you r suggestion I have read the L ifeof Washing ton , by Francis Glass, w ith a View to its

merits as an historical composition . The work seems to

me to embrace the prominent facts in the public career

of Washington , judiciously se lected and skilful ly arran

ged. The narrative is clear, often spirited, and there are

occasional passages of strength and beau ty . Consider

ing the extent and variety of the materials, the narrow

TESTIMONIALS.

space into which the substance of them is cornpresseo,and the difficu lty of de scribing modern events in an

ancient tongue, the au thor may be allowed to have fairlyearned the

'

praise of executing with skill , a task , in which

to fail wou ld be no reproach to a scholar of higher pre

tensions .

The Latinity I have not attempted to examine critically ,nor do I mean to express an opinion upon so debatable a

matter being persuaded that it is much easier to detect

the fau lts of Mr. Glass, than to write a book in better

Latin. I am, sir, very respectfu l ly,Your obedient servant,

JARED SPARKS.

J. N . Reynolds, Esq .

From the New Yorlc Knickerbocker .

Tms long-expected work has at length appeared, and,we are happy to say , confirms our most favourable anti

cipations. It is, in fact , the most singu lar production

that has for many years been issued from the American

press, whether we consider the bo ldness of the attempt

on the part of the writer, the various difficulties under

which the volume was composed, or the signal success

with which the effort has been crowned . We are much

mistaken , indeed, if it do not eventual ly become a very

popu lar work in all ou r classical schools . Somethingof the kind has long been wanted, instead of the dry and

uninteresting scraps of ancient history which have hith

erto been forced on the attention of beginners ; and the

Father of his Country now takes the place of a Romu lus

and Tarquin, an Augustus and Nero, with a prospect of

decided advantage to the you thfu l lingu ist . But the

work is not merely intended for the young . The more

advanced student , as well as the man of literary leisure,may consu lt its pages with profit and pleasure . Theywill find the Latinity pure and flowing, the historical in

cidents worked up with a skilfu l hand, and so classical

an air imparted to the whole as cannot fail both to sur

prise and please. The manner in which the volume is

( at up reflects great credit on the editor, and gives man

TESTIK ONIALI .

ifest indications of a kindred spirit with that of the author

of the work . Mr. Reynolds is, in fact, entitled to the

greatest praise for his agency in bringing this book be

fore the public . The very interesting biography he has

given of his friend and instructor, and the classical rem

iniscences that are scattered throughou t, show a wor

thy pupil of an able preceptor ; and the whole forms one

of the most lasting and honourable monuments that cou ld

have been erected to the memory of the Erasmus of the

West . Our readers will not, we trust , regard us as at

all extravagant in the praise we have here bestowed,when they examine the testimonials appended to the vol

urns, and which have been given by some of the first

scholars in the country . And, as a still farther proof

that our encomiums are within bounds, we w ill make a

few extracts at random from the work, and then leave it

with the literati of our country . [A part of the account

of Braddock’s defeat, Washington

’s retreat through New

Jersey , and the description of Mount Vernon, are quotedin the Magaz ine .]

A Lire of the Father of his country , in good classical

Latin, and written on this side of the A tlantic, is cer

tainly something new in the literary line in these days.

We hail the appearance of this work as the commence

mcnt of a new era in ou r country ; and we trust that it

w ill meet with a success which shall induce other efforts

of the kind, and crush in the bud the insane conspiracyagainst the learned tongues which seems blow ing into

l ife in certain parts of the Union. Let bu t the lives of

our dist ingu ished men , and the thril ling scenes in which

they played a part , be embalmed in the noble languages

of antiqu ity—let the associations of patriotic story be

linked in the m ind of the young student with the medium

in which it is here conveyed, and the classics w ill be so

intrenched in the affections of the rising generat ion, that

no new-fangled systems, however backed by popu lar

clamour, can ever banish them from among our element

ary studies. The work before us we may take another

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TESTIMONIALS.

in an appropriate stage of a Latin course. I would

recommend it to the attention of all scholars and teach

WILLIAM E . BAILEY.

Charleston, 2d Dec ., 1835.

fi om John Quincy Adams, Ea-Pres ident of the U. States.

Washington, 8th December, 1835.

J . N . Rsvnonns Eso. , New-York .

Srs , —I received at Qu incy , nearly two months since,

your letter of the 9th of September last, and a volume

containing a Life of Washington in the Latin language.

From the portion of it which I perused, it appeared to

me to be good, classical , Ciceronian Latin, not perhaps

qu ite equal to that of Ernesti’s Dedication of his Cicero,

bu t not inferior to any other Latin of a later age, or pro

ceeding from any other source than the German Univer

Of the usefu lness of such a book introduced into anyof our classical schools or colleges, I shou ld hepe there

cou ld be litt le doubt . The fashion of the present day is

to depreciate the study of the dead langu age s , even of

the Latin and the you th of ou r country are told, that in

stead of turning over with the nocturnal and the diurnal

hand the Greek exemplars, and their faithfu l fol lowers

of the golden age of Rome , they are to form their prin

ciples of taste , and eloquence, and poetry from modern

writers and orators in their own vernacu lar langu age . I

am not of that school . W ithout depreciating the merit

of any of the em inent poets, historians, and orators of our

own times , I bel ieve it w ill not raise the standard of l itera

ture of the succeeding ages to confine the studies of the

rising generation to them . One of the most adm ired

statues of antiqu ity is that usually denominated the Dying Gladiator. There is at Somerset House , in London,a very good copy of it from the original, and there is bythe side of it a modern statue , an exact im itation of its

attitude, taken from a malefactor, executed at Tybu rn,immediately after death, a subject spec ially selected for

the beauty and fine proportions of his person. The com

TESTIMONIALS.

parison strikes the spectatormuch as if, for a personifica

tion of poetry , a fac-simile of Alexander Pope shou ld he

set bv the side of the Apollo Belvidere. Such are mycomparisons between ancient and modern eloquence.

But then I am told that we can resort to translations for

all the spirit of ancient composition. If all the youngmen of our country cou ld be taught to read and under

stand your Life of Washington, and then to read a page

of Livy , Sallust , or Tacitus, and afterward endure a

translation , it wou ld be time to burn up all the classics.

I shou ld be sorry to lose them , and therefore hepe your

Life of Washington may be extensively read.

I am w ith much respect , sir,

Your obedient servant,

J . Q. ADAMS .

From Philip Lindsley , D . D . President of the Universityof Nashvil le, Tennessee.

University of Nashville, Dec. 14th, 1835.

Dan Sta.- I du ly received your favour of August

20th , toget‘.er with a copy of the Life ofWashington , by

the late Mr. Glass ; for which , please accept my heartythanks.

I fu lly concur in the very favourable opinion of its ex

traordinary merits expressed by Professor Anthon of

Columbia College . I have , on all suitable occasions,

spoken of the work in such terms as to induce at least

a few of my acquaintance to purchase it . Our book

sellers, at my instance, keep a supply on hand. I have

recommended it in the new spapers as an excellent text

book for the classical school and academy and I believe

ou r teachers are about to introduce it accordingly . I

will cheerfully do all in my power to extend its circula

tion in this part of the country .

I have the honour to be, dear sir,Very respectfully ,

Your most obedient servant,

PHILIP LINDSLEY.

J. N. Reynolds, Esq .

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I N TE R E S T I N G W O R K S

H A R P E R dz B R O T H E R S ,

Q at avfi n li.

In 3vols. 18mo., with Engravings, Maps, & c.,

m H I STORY or m saw s.

From the earliest Period to the Present Timet

s, the Rev. B. n .mu ms .

In 8 vols. 18mo., with Portraits,

I llE l l FE OF NAPOLEON BONAPARTE.

By J. a.w arm er , Esq.

In one vol. 18mo., with a Portrait,

0 1!

By nonam sou'rsnv, LL.D.

In one vol . 18mo., with a Map,

T H E L I F E A N D A C T I O N S O F

W M I—Em ‘fP-I Q M ??

By Rev. J. WILLIAMS .

In 2 vols. 18mo., with numerous Engraving ,

THE NATURAL HISTORY OF INSECTS.

ts M insk

h Sm Im , fl l m

C I C E R 0 .

The Orations translated by DUNCAN, the Cases by COOKMAN,

and the Cato and,Ia lius by MELMOTH.

In 2 vols 18mo., with a Portrait,

V I R G I L .

The Eclogues translated by WRANGHAM, the Georgia by

SO'I‘HEBY, and the M by DRYDEN.

In one vol. 18mo.,

E S C H Y L U S.

Translated by the Rev. R. POTTER, ILA.

S 0 P H 0 C L E S .

Translated by TIIOiIAs raAc LIN, D.D.

In 3vols. 18mo., with a Portrait,

E UR I P I D E S.

Translated by the Rev. R. POTTER,M A.

In 2 vols. 18mo.,with a Portrait,

H O R A C E'

.

Translated by PHILIP FRANCIS, D.D.

With an Appendix, containing translations of various Odes, drc.

By ass JONSON, cowu zv, MILTON, h avens , Porn. ADDISON, swrr r ,ssm u v, can

-ream s , o. WAKEN ELD, reason, Briton, ac.

And by some of the most eminent Poets of the present day .

P H E D R U 8 .

With the Appendix ofGudius.

Translated by CHRISTOPHER SMART, A.H

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