~)I~)I~\~PAKISTAN

LIBRARY & INFORMATION SCIENCE JOURNALHigher Education Commission's Recognized Journal

ISSN: 0030-9956 URL: www.lb-ak.comVolume: 45 Sc tcmbcr 2014

CONTENTS

Founder PatronM Adil Usmani (Late)

***Chief EditorDr. Ghaniul Akram Sabzwari

***Deputy Chief EditorsProf M Wasil UsmaniProf Dr. Nasim Fatima

***Editors:Abdul Samad AnsariAmna KhatoonAzra QureshiIkramul HaqNasreen ShaguftaNaushad Ghazanjar

***Media Coordinators CorrespondentAbdul Wahab Khan Salim, USAMian Muhammad SaeedSyed Khalid Mahmood

***Secretary ManagementProf Liaquat Ali KhanFareed Sabzwari, TX USAFaheem Sabzwari, CA USANadeem Sabzwari, Canada

***

EditorialLibrary Science Research of LIS Scljpols inPakistanDr. Ghaniul Akram Sabzwari

Effectiveness of Library Services to the Students:A Case of Central Library, Univ. of PeshawarSajjad Ahmad, Shahzad Ahmad and

Rooh-ul-AminStrengthening Information Technology inPakistani Libraries. Dr. Humera Mah Jabeen

and Prof. Dr. Muhammad Bashir KhanHuman Relation Planning and Assessment forAutomation in Academic Libraries of Pakistan: AnOverview. M. Naushad Sabzwari andDr. Rubina Bhatti

Information Needs and Information SeekingBehavior of Master, Social Sciences Students, Univ.of Peshawar. Fauz Dar Khan and

Dr. Rafia Ahmed SheikhQuantitative Measurement of Library Services:A Reflection of Services in the Library ofHigher Education Commission, PakistanM. Javed Iqbal, Nahid Akhtar, Sher

Muhammad and Maqsood A. ShaheenPakistan Bibliographical Working Group (PBWG)Karachi: Role in LIbrary ActivitiesMuhammad YouSuf Ali

Impact of Electronic R.esources on CollectionDevelopment and Library Services: A case study ofGovt. College Univ. Library, LahoreAneela Zahid, M. Tu/ail Khan and

Abdul WaheedSatisfaction with Library Services: A Surveyof Post Graduate Students at Nishtar Medical College, .Multan. M. Waqas Javed, Dr. RubinaBhatti and Shakeel A. Khan

Book Reviews: EnglishDr. Ghaniul Akram Sabzwari, Haroon SabzwariNews and Views:

LIS luminaries share thoughts in JumboPublishing's World Book Day webinar

Abdul Qadir QureshiUrdu Section:Role of Libraries in Modem Educational SystemDr. Nasim Fatima

Abdul Wahab Khan Salim: Monumental PersonDr. Ghaniul Akram Sabzwari

Hasan Ali Affandi Library: A surveySaima Qadeer

Bashir Ahmad Abro: Director Liaquat MemorialLibrary, Karachi - Interview.Dr. Nasreen Shagufta

Book Review: Urdu .Mian Muhammad Saeed andAbdul Samad Ansari

3

13

26

39

53

63

71

77

84

86

6

12

23

27

PUSJ is a quarterly journal of Library Promotion Bureau.Views expressed are not necessarily of the journal's publishers.

All Correspondence should be addressed to:The Chief Editor, P.O. Box 8421, Karachi University Campus, Karachi,

[Money Order and Registered Mails on Head office address.}Phone: & Fax: 0092-21-3632-1959, E-Mcri/: lpbyakistan_66@yahoo.com

Anee/a ZahidMuhammad Til/ail Khan

Abdu/ Waheed

,cieties

, 1956

wId by

,J,

Impact of Electronic Resources on Collection Development and LibraryServices: A case study of Government College University

Library, Lahore

Abstract:This research paper identified the perception of Professionals/Librarians about the

impact of electronic resources on Collection Development, Reference Services and finally thestatistic of Library Visits as well. The paper elaborates the electronic resources causes toincrease the library visitors, while explaining the reason which causes to increase the visitorsof library. It also discusses the needs of library users fulfilled while adding the e-resources tothe library services.Keywords: 1. Electronic Resources. 2. Digital Resources. 3. E-Collection Development.

4. E-Reference Services

Introduction:Advances in computer applications during the past few decades have brought radical

changes in the way information is gathered, store, organized, accessed, retrieved andconsumed. The application of a computer in information processing has brought severalproducts and services to the scene. The Internet and the Web are constantly influencing thedevelopment of new modes of scholarly communication; their potential for delivering goodsis quite vast, as they overcome successfully the geographical limitations associated with theprint media. Further, the distribution time between product publication and its delivery hasbeen drastically reduced. The internet can be used for efficient retrieval and meetinginformation needs of library users.

This is very important for university libraries, since most of them call for more andmore research work and in the ranking of any university is also based on the researchpublications they produced annually. This important fact is convincing many libraries tomove towards digital or e-resources, which are found to be less expensive and more usefulfor easy access as well as no boundary-line for its usage. This is especially helpful to distancelearners, who have limited time to access the libraries from outside by dial-uplDSL or anyLAN connection to access to commonly available electronic resources, mainly CD-ROM,OPACs and Internet, which are replacing the printed media. The purpose of this study is toevaluate the impact of electronic resources on Collection development, Reference Servicesand Library Visits.

The electronic resources are based on systems in which information 'is storedelectronically and made accessible through electronic devices and computers throughdifferent networks like local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN) andmetropolitan area network (MAN) etc. These resources include CD-ROMs, Online-O~atabases, E-journals, E-books and other e-resources accessible through internet etc. Currenttddition of library resources access first searches through OPAC either it is available or not.Physical collection available inside library also based on the electronic devices to search firstthrough the specified devices like OPAC terminals. Electronic resources also provide accessto current information as these are often updated frequently. Through their various search

\lG,

Tarqi

)06

:hi:

lsama~ Redoaperirs orLibs.

5 (3) September 2014 71

Impact of Electronic Resources on Collection Development and Library ...

Objectives:This study was particularly conducted to find out the impact of the E-Resources on

traditional library services at Government College University Lahore. Some of the majorobjectives of the study are:

Problem Statement:Today, electronic resources are the main channel for the dissemination of information

in most disciplines. The characteristics of the electronic medium and the increase in thevolume of information have a great impact on Library Collection Development (traditional),Reference Services and Library Visits.

resources,collectionInternet sno mattermore selerequired r,that is on

I

covered althe joum ,cases samaddition,electronicoriginallythey alsoscreens,look for a

IA,I

sometimeits users,based rescomputebecome II'

Mdata onlininformatiodatabasesthis or that

Adcollection~determinefrom ownaccessible.

!computersearchingretrieval s

o

"e Iectron'resourcesto infor!access torelated c

PUS] 45 (3)

Literatllre Review:Information and Communications Technology (lCT) have transformed Library and

Information services globally. The Internet has provided universal access to information.Technological innovation has dramatically increased the rate of conversion of knowledge,information and data into electronic formats. According Tam & Robertson I that the"Developments in the software arena has generated powerful knowledge managementsoftware's, which has transformed the way in which knowledge is organized, stored, accessedand retrieved".

Wood & Walther2 analyzed that "The digital revolution driven by ICT innovation hastransformed to academic libraries fundamentally. It has impacted on every sphere ofacademic library activities like in the form of the library, collection development strategies,library buildings and consortia". Bailin & Grafstein3 stated that the "Information andcommunications technology have changed the academic library in a profound way.Computers and networked electronic resources had become an integral part of the academiclibrary".,This has been underscored by the phenomenon of knowledge or informationcommons in academic libraries, which refer to a specific environment in the library where adesignated number of personal conwuters (PC) and workstations are connected to electronicdatabases and other e-resources and freely available to students, researchers, faculty and staffmembers of the university/organization. .

1. To know the different types of electronic resources and services available in theGovernment College University Library Lahore;

2. To identify the different types of electronic resources used by Library Users;3. To study the impact of electronic resources on the Collection Development,

Reference Services and Library Visits;4. To find out the purpose of utilization of E- Resources;

techniques electronic resources provide extensive links to explore additional resources orrelated content. Thus, most of libraries as well as the universities of the present day provideelectronic resources for higher education and research and the availability of these electronicresources mainly based on Higher Education Commission (HEC), Islamabad, which plays avital role in the access of the electronic authentic resources through differct1t agreement withdifferent organizations and publishers like International Network for the Availability ofScientific Publications (INASP) for smooth and proper working and research output.

72

Aneela Zahid, Muhammad Tll{ail Khan. Abdul Waheed

Moy04 stated that the "student expectations now-a-days is to access all his requireddata online within short time period. Not only students expect to find the bibliographicalinformation online, but they also expect it to be available in full text". Now-a-days electronicdatabases also help the user needs in shape of giving options to users that did you wish to seethis or that with multi choices and simply it is one click away from the users. '

According to Singh5 in 2004 the ICT has fundamentally changed academic librarycollections. Forever gone is the era when an academic libraries physical collectiondetermined its stature. In the modern networked technological era the emphasis has shiftedfrom ownership. of physical resources to access the electronic resources that are globallyaccessible. Although information in electronic format was created with the advent of thecomputer in the 1950s, it was not until the early 1960s that the first database suitable forsearching was developed. MEDLARS was the first on-demand computer-based informationretrieval service, and it was developed primarily for the medical profession.

One obstacle to the use of a library's resources, and in particular its electronicresources, is that they are not seen as being straightforward as compared to its physicalcollection and the services provided to users while visiting the library. In contrast to anInternet search engine, where a single keyword search will usually result in thousands of hits,no matter what the topic is, In the library students have to choose a particular database and bemore selective in the searching words (like selection of keywords) they use to find out his/herrequired result within short time period. Moreover, databases overlapped in cont~xt of subjectthat is one subject covered by many databases, with differences in dates (like one databasecovered all issues of one journal a the subject while another database cover limited issues ofthe journal of a specific subject, which causes to confuse the users of library), and in somecases some databases provide just abstracts while some of them provide full-text access. Inaddition, the library may have a print subscription to a certain title that is not full-textelectronically, or the title may be accessible full-text through another database than the oneoriginally searched. Therefore, not only do students have to find the relevant citations, butthey also have to know how to locate the materials after that. This means juggling manyscreens, many technologies, multi-tasking electronic jobs, and of course knowing where tolook for all this necessary informatioIY.

According to Jacobson6 many databases using web-based technologies which causesometime confusion to their users, the interface is seamless there and does not seem visible toits users, on the screen difference between Web-based library resources and general Web-based resources. All of the above also .assumes that the students are proficient in the use ofcomputers and latest technologies as well. It is quite clear that searching for information hasbecome "inexorably linked to computer technology.

Commenting on the advantages of electronic resources, Dadzie7 writes that the"electronic resources are invaluable research tools that complement the print - basedresources in a traditional library setting". Their advantages, according to her include: accessto information that might be restricted to the user due to geographical location or finances,access t"omore current information, and provision of extensive links to additional resourcesrelated contents.

This rapid emergence and development of electronic information technologies\ I therefore makes it possible to envision radically different ways of organizing the collections

and services of the library that has traditionally provided within libraries. While librariesapproach a crisis point in financing collection development, these new technologies offer

) September 2014 73

Impact of Electronic Resources on Collection Development and Library ...

possible ways to mitigate costs and revolutionize ways to access information. Navjyoyi8 alsofinds that speedy publication and availability on the desktop are the key advantages thatattract research scholars.

During the last two decades, the idea of academic library, quality services has beenchanging libraries not only provide traditional services but on the other hand libraries focuson electronic resources. Nowadays the users of Academic libraries are self-sufficient and theyare satisfied in self-services, the university libraries offer several services to disseminate andmake available the information and knowledge to its users on demand and without demand aswell.

resourcethey addstudentsdifferentspecify tBAiBS (higher cImore rna.,informal'

electronithat weelectroniwork. T~bounda.not availother prO:materialsatisfactspecificinterest.

c)d)e)

ProcedUl1Differ,a)b)

participday bytheir reqchange tChat Secitationsoftwar'

statisticis whenhence itthat theto askresourccan saysituatiO

PUSJ 45 (3)

Participants223221

ants:,PositionElectronic Resources ManagementReader ServicesCollection DevelopmentReader ServicesReader ServiceElectronic Resources Manae:ement

74

Methodology:The study analyzes assessment and impact of e-resources facilities on traditional

library services at the libraries of Government College University, Lahore. A focus group wasset up with twelve members of the staff of three GCU libraries. The focus group is aqualitative research method used to explore the knowledge and opinions of a small set ofindividuals in regard to a particular topic. According to' Glitz9 "The Participants are selectedon the basis of common interests, the activities they performed while serving and theyrespond during one to two hours to open ended questions asked by the moderator". Seggernand YounglO discuss the major issues in planning a focus group and offer an annotatedbibliography of focus group literature in library settings. More recently, Waldenll hasreviewed focus group interviewing in the library literature between 1996 and 2005 and statedthat the "focus group method can be successfully employed in a wide range of projects withinlibrarianship although, in comparison to other social sciences, libraries have not fullyexploited this approach to date".

One of the main advantages of the focus group is that the sessions can be conductedrelatively quickly, especially in comparison to other research methods such as surveys andinterviews. This reduces the cost and the time needed to complete the project since, asPickard & Childsl2 pointed out, the method is able to gather information from differentsources (participants) at the same time. However, the main problem lies in establishingwhether participants really say what they think, or just say what they think the rest of theparticipants or the researchers want them to say.

The aim of the study was to find the impact of electronic resources on CollectionDevelopment, Reference Services and the Library Visits. A set of possible participants in thefocus group was suggested by the GCU Chief Librarian, who is in close contact with thelibrary officials involved in the management of electronic resources, collection developmentand reader services department at each library of the GCU, Lahore.

Aneela Zahid, Muhammad Tl{fail Khan, Abdul Waheed

Procedures:Different questions were asked to identify the required results. These questions were:a) What type of resources available in GCU library and its usage?b) Is there any effect on the collection development while using electronic,

resources?c) What is the purpose of electronic resources usage?d) Is there any impact of electronic resources on reference services?e) How the electronic resources effect on library visits?

Answering the question one by the focus group they simply answer that the electronicresources available in GCU libraries are those one, which are provided by HEC. Furthermorethey added about the usage of those resources they conduct class orientations to train thestudents how to access and use them. They also added that the levels of orientation aredifferent fot the BNBS (Hons) students, MAIMS/MPhil students and for PhD students. Theyspecify that the usage of electronic resources by MPhil and PhD students as compared toBAIBS (Hons) students is maximum. The reason they added on further explanation is in thehigher classes research work is more focused so the scholars always wSlnt to explore new andmore materials for their research and then they finally analyze it to dig out their requiredinformation.

On the answer of second question the focused group participant's thesis that theelectronic resources also have impact on the collection development and it saves our budgetthat we invest on traditional collection development. Mostly researchers prefer to useelectronic resources as compare to traditional library material to complete their researchwork. The reason is it's not expansive nor time consumable but it service is 24/7 and noboundary of usage that when and where to use. Further they added that electronic resources ifnot available so we simply forward the request on professional groups like PLA, PLWO andother professional' colleagues while setting in other organizations etc. and get the full textmaterials on the same or the day after tomorrow. So the users of library also feel happy andsatisfactory to use the electronic resources as there is no boundary to visit library during thisspecified time but when they wish to see or check or read so they do it according to their owninterest.

One the answer of third question that is related with reference service, theparticipants of focus group added their views that the usage of reference service is increasedday by day. The reason is every researcher in library visit at reference section and registerstheir request. The queries often also related to printed collection but now days the situationchange the reader services librarian receive queries through Ask a Librarian Service (OnlineChat Service) and email these queries mostly related to usage of electronic resources, importcitations of digital resources into endnote, reference manager, pro-cite or any other citationsoftware and also user demand the full text material.

On the answer of last question that is related to the library visits or library visitstatistics, the focused group participants added their views that it is not justified. The reasonis whenever we conduct orientations at the end every user wish to know more and more andhence it becomes the habit to visit library whenever they are visiting the university. It resultedthat the ~it statistic increased after every library orientation. While the users visit the libraryto ask th~ questions, where they feel problem and basically they visit to utilize the libraryresources and also access the electronic resources in the library conducive environment. Wecan say that the electronic resources usage increases the visitors of library. But the pre~~ntsituation is not clear because the library website hit counter show the increase the usabilIty

75September 2014

\

II""':""'"I

Impact of Electronic Resources on Collection Development and Library ...

statistics of electronic resources and on the other hand the library door count shows thelibrary visit statistics increase as compare to previous months.

Conclusion:The study .shows that the electronic resources play its unique r~le in the field of

research. It makes easy the process of identifying any problem and to dig-out the relatedliterature easily. The concept of people about the electronic resources is that there is no needof any physical collection and nor any visit. to library, but it's totally changed now. To knowabout electronic resources and it usage and identifying the targeted materials the researchersmust visit library and take some time of professional to know about the electronic resourcesusage, searching, browsing and to save the required materials. While interacting withprofessional, professionals also guide about the new addition in his/her field of study and alsoguide them to subscribe these services alert to be updated in timely through web services likeRSS etc.

References:I. Tam, L. W., & Robertson, A. C. Managing change: libraries and information

services in the digital age. Library Management, 23(8/9),2002 p369-377.2. Wood, P. A., & Walther, J. H. The future of academic libraries: changing

formats and changing delivery. Bottom Line: Managing Library Fina,nces,The, 13(4),2000 pI73-182.

3. Bailin, A., & Grafstein, A. The evolution of academic libraries: the networked environment. The Journal of academic librarianship, 31(4), 2005p317-323.

4. Moyo, L. M. Electronic libraries and the emergence of new service para-digms. Electronic Librmy, The, 22(3),2004 p220-230.

5. Singh, S. Collection management in the electronic environment. The BottomLine: Managing Librmy Finances, 17(2), 2004 p55-60.

6. Jacobson, F. F. Gender differences in attitudes toward using computers inlibraries: An exploratory study. Library & information science research.13(3), 1991 p267-279.

7. Dadzie, P. S. Electronic resources: access and usage at Ashesi UniversityCollege. Campus-Wide Information Systems. 22(5),2005 p290-297.

8. Navjyoti, A. Snapshot of E-Journals' Adopters (Research Scholars) of GuruNanak Dev University. Paper presented at the Proceedings of NationalConvention on Knowledge, Library and Information Networking 2007.

9. Glitz, B. The focus group technique in library research: an introduction.Bulletin of the Medical Library Association, 85(4), 1997 385p.

10. Von Seggern, M., & Young, N. J. The focus group method in libraries: issuesrelating to process and data analysis. Reference Services Review, 31(3),2003p272-284.

11. Walden, G. R. Focus group interviewing in the library literature: A selectiveartnotated bibliography 1996-2005. Reference Services Review, 34(2), 2006p222-241.

12. Pickard, A. J., & Childs, S. Research methods in information. London: Facet.2007329p.

76 PUSJ 45 (3)

Abst,

(NisTheand icomThemajo

I

rcqui'NMlibraKey

Intr,

prov~shou~fumi

;J

prov!exacaI, e.'servlseek!

the 1lEvalthe Istud

Obje,

serY1

find

Sep