Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College

Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College

On The Job Training Report

JOVY S. JUAN

A Report Presented to the Faculty of the

Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College

Provincial Institute of Agriculture

Sta. Maria, Ilocos Sur

In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements

For the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Agriculture

Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE

April 2014

APPROVAL SHEET

This experiential report entitled "On The Job Training

at Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College", prepared and

submitted by Joy S. Juan in partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the practicum of Bachelor of Science in

Agriculture, has been examined and passed by:

Evelina D. Raguindin, MSA Alicia G.

Ellorin, DVM, MS

Adviser Coordinator Adviser Coordinator

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for

the practicum of Bachelor of Science in Agriculture.

FRANCISCO N. DIVINA, MS CARMELO F. BERIA, MATE

Head, Agriculture Program/Research Dean,

Provincial Institute of Member, Review Committee

Agriculture Development & Extension

Member, Review Committee

Bachelor of Science in Agriculture

Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College

RAFAEL B. QUERUBIN, Ph.D.

SUC President II

Record by:

ERLINA A. VALIDO, MPA

Registrar III

April 2014

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The trainee would like to express his heartfelt

gratitude to those who willingly shared their time and

support in the accomplishment of the practicum, particularly

to:

Prof. Evelina D. Raguindin and Dr. Alicia G. Ellorin,

advisers, for their professional guidance, sharing their

time, effort and patience in supervision and assisting the

trainees in the preparation of the requirements needed

before their deployment to Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State

College;

Bachelor of Science in Agriculture

Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College

Dr, Carmelo F. Beria, for his patience in coordinating

with the Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College for the

conduct of the training;

Dr. Rafael B. Querubin, SUC President II, Executive

Dean, for the privision of support anmd constant

encouragement to the trainees in pursuing their on the job

training;

Prof. Francisco Divina, Head, Agriculture

Program/Research for his encouragemetn and guidance in

pursuing this endeavor;

All faculty members of Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State

College, for their deep and constant encouragements which

contributed to the success of this training.

She would like also to thank his beloved parents for

their love, care, encouragement, moral, spiritual, and

financial support during the OJT;

Her friends who extended voluntary help and assistance

during the conduct of this endeavor; and

The Almighty God, the source of all knowledge and

wisdom who provided his blessings, guidance and strong

determination to face all obstacles in pursuing the chosen

career.

Juvy

Bachelor of Science in Agriculture

Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College, Provincial

Institute of Agriculture, has been offering the course

Bachelor of Science in Agriculture since the year 1973. This

course is practical and production-oriented. One of the

requirements of the course is to undergo survey by the BSA

1st year students on which they apply the theories,

knowledge and principles they have learned and put into

practice and master the skills they had applied during the

on the job training.

The trainee undergoes an on-the-job training in Vigan

Poultry on April 28, 2014. On the job training or OJT is a

part of the college curriculum that aims to train and orient

students about the reality of their chosen career.

Bachelor of Science in Agriculture

Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH

Juan, Jovy Sotelo is the daughter of Mr. Ronie Dasargo

Juan and Mrs. Lilia Sotelo. She lives in Ag-agrao, Sta.

Maria, Ilocos Sur. She is the eldest among the two siblings.

She was born at Brookside, Pilar, Abra.

She took her elementary education at Ag-agrao

Elementary Schoolin 2008 - 2009. And her high school at Ag-

agrao Natinal High School in 2012 - 2013. With her desire to

fufill her dreams, taking up Bachelor of Science in

Agriculture( BSA) at Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College,

Provincial Institute of Agriculture, Sta. Maria, Ilocos Sur.

Bachelor of Science in Agriculture

Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College

CHAPTER I

Introduction

Rationale

Bachelor of Science in Agriculture is one of the

courses offered at Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College,

Bachelor of Science in Agriculture

Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College

Provincial Institute of Agriculture. Practicum is one of the

requirements to be undergone by the first year students of

the degree course BSA. It is conducted during the summer

classes of the first year. The purpose of which is to

integrate theoretical knowledge with planned of a supervised

work experiences.

The program provide Bachelor of Science in Agriculture

students an exposure to different practical situation to

develop their own ability that ensure success to become

future agriculturists.

The survey activities is, the trained provides higher

personnel for agricultural developments, agricultural

research, agricultural extensions needs for upgrading their

skills in agriculture and to other jobs, their wants in

their life. Because agriculture is one of the best partner

for the fulfillment of their goals in life. Without

agriculture, no progress will happen in the community.

The purpose of the training is to develop skills and

improving the knowledge gained, quality of work and know how

to manage time of trainees and when he/she us employed, they

know how to value their work for referring of what he have

learned or apply the knowledge they had learned. but it is

hoped that they will become successful trainees as they

reflect on lesson from treasure chest of wisdom.

Objectives of the training

Bachelor of Science in Agriculture

Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College

o To develop knowledge and technical information in

agriculture.

o To develop agricultural skills

o To provide the students survey the barangay. We

house to house and ask if they have piglets,

fattening, boar and swine.

o To train the OJTians for developmental

leaderships.

Definition of Terms

1. Accommodation is the adjustment of hostile individuals

or groups. It is an adjustment to conflict, past,

present and incipient (Ogburn & Nimkoff, 1970).

Likewise, another authority described accommodation as

either permanent or temporary termination of conflict

which permits the rival parties.

2. Compromise – is the other form of accommodation where

extreme demands are given up to achieve limited goals.

This could be described as either a “loss-loss”or “win-

win”situation.

3. Acculturation – in other words, he/she may adopt the

culture and practice of the society where he/she works

but still retains his/her social identity or

nationality as a Filipino.

4. Assimilation – refers to the process of interpretation

and fusion in which person and groups acquire the

Bachelor of Science in Agriculture

Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College

memories, sentiments and attitude of other persons or

groups and sharing their experiences and history.

5. Differentiation – is a social process of eliminating

competition; it is the creation of interest in

individuals or groups needing or wanting different

things or services rather than the same thing (Ritcher,

1987)

6. Conflict of Impersonal Ideals – this is carried on by

by individuals or group for a principles or an ideal

not for personal benefit but for the group or society’s

well being.

7. Personal competition – this invites direct and face-

toface contact. Individuals or group may employ varied

strategies to excel in their field of specialization to

be superior to others.

8. Conflict – conflict when two goals of equals importance

(resources and opportunities) are scarce. There is need

to prioritize social needs. Conflict occurs when a

particular goal is opposing one’s own principle in

attaining the desired or targeted purpose.

9. Competition – a social process, competition may have a

ment and dement in human endeavor. Competition is a

form of opposition or struggle to secure reward or a

material object, position, leadership, prestige or

power. (Panopio, et.al., 1994)

Bachelor of Science in Agriculture

Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College

CHAPTER II

Review of Related Literature

Traditional farming (of many particular kinds in

different eras and places) was the original type

of agriculture, and has been practiced for thousands of

years. Forest gardening, a tradition food production system

which dates from prehistoric times, is tought to be thw

orlld's oldest and most resilient agroecosystem.

 Artificial fertilizers had been created during the

18th century, initially with superphosphates and then

ammonia derived fertilizers mass produced during World War

I. These early fertilizers were cheap, powerful, and easy to

transport in bulk. These early fertilizers were cheap,

powerful, and easy to transport in bulk. Similar advances

occurred in chemical pesticides in the 1940s, leading to the

decade being referred to as the 'pesticide era'. But these

new agricultural techniques, while beneficial in the short

term, had serious longer term side effects such as soil

compaction, soil erosion, and declines in overall soil

fertility, along with health concerns about toxic chemicals

entering the food supply.

Soil biology scientists began in the late 1800s and

early 1900s to develop theories on how new advancements in

Bachelor of Science in Agriculture

Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College

biological science could be used in agriculture as a way to

remedy these side effects, while still maintaining higher

production. In Central Europe Rudolf Steiner, whose Lectures

on Agriculture were published in 1925. created biodynamic

agriculture, an early version of what we now call organic

agriculture. Steiner was motivated by spiritual rather than

scientific considerations.

In the late 1930s and early 1940s Sir Albert Howard and

his wife Gabrielle Howard, both accomplished botanists,

developed organic agriculture. The Howards were influenced

by their experiences with traditional farming methods in

India, biodynamic, and their formal scientific education.

Sir Albert Howard is widely considered to be the "father of

organic farming", because he was the first to apply

scientific knowledge and principles to these various

traditional and more natural methods. In the United States

another founder of organic agriculture was J.I. Rodale. In

the 1940s he founded both a working organic farm for trials

and experimentation, The Rodale Institute, and founded

the Rodale Press to teach and advocate organic to the wider

public. Further work was done by Lady Eve Balfour in the

United Kingdom, and many others across the world.

There is some controversy on where the term "organic"

as it applies to agriculture first derived. One side claims

term 'organic agriculture' was coined by Lord Northbourne,

an agriculturalist influenced by Steiner's biodynamic

Bachelor of Science in Agriculture

Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College

approach, in 1940. This side claims the term as meaning the

farm should be viewed as a living organism and stems from

Steiner's non scientific anthroposophy. The second claim is

that "organic" derives from the work of early soil

scientists that were developing what was then called "humus

farming". Thus in this more scientific view the use

of organic matter to improve the humus content of soils is

the basis for the term and this view was popularized by

Howard and Rodale. Since the early 1940s both camps have

tended to merge.

Increasing environmental awareness in the general

population in modern times has transformed the originally

supply-driven organic movement to a demand-driven one.

Premium prices and some government subsidies attracted

farmers. In the developing world, many

producers farm according to traditional methods which are

comparable to organic farming but are not certified and may

or may not include the latest scientific advancements in

organic agriculture. In other cases, farmers in the

developing world have converted to modern organic methods

for economic reasons

Organic farming systems

There are several organic farming systems. Biodynamic

farming is a comprehensive approach, with its own

international governing body. The Do Nothing Farming method

focuses on a minimum of mechanical cultivation and labor for

Bachelor of Science in Agriculture

Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College

grain crops. French intensive and biointensive, methods are

well-suited to organic principles. Other examples of

techniques are holistic

management, permaculture, SRI and no-till farming (the last

two which may be implemented in conventional or organic

systems

"An organic farm, properly speaking, is not one that

uses certain methods and substances and avoids others; it is

a farm whose structure is formed in imitation of the

structure of a natural system that has the integrity, the

independence and the benign dependence of an organism" —

Wendell Berry, "The Gift of Good Land"

Organic farming methods combine scientific knowledge of

ecology and modern technology with traditional

farming practices based on naturally occurring biological

processes. Organic farming methods are studied in the field

ofagroecology. While conventional agriculture uses synthetic

pesticides and water-soluble synthetically purified

fertilizers, organic farmers are restricted by regulations

to using natural pesticides and fertilizers. The principal

methods of organic farming include crop rotation, green

manures and compost, biological pest control, and

mechanical cultivation. These measures use the natural

environment to enhance agricultural

productivity: legumes are planted to fix nitrogen into the

soil, natural insect predators are encouraged, crops are

Bachelor of Science in Agriculture

Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College

rotated to confuse pests and renew soil, and natural

materials such as potassium bicarbonate and mulches are used

to control disease and weeds. Hardier plants are generated

through plant breeding rather than genetic engineering.

While organic is fundamentally different from

conventional because of the use of carbon based fertilizers

compared with highly soluble synthetic based fertilizers

and biological pest control instead of synthetic pesticides,

organic farming and large-scale conventional farming are not

entirely mutually exclusive. Many of the methods developed

for organic agriculture have been borrowed by more

conventional agriculture. For example, Integrated Pest

Management is a multifaceted strategy that uses various

organic methods of pest control whenever possible, but in

conventional farming could include synthetic pesticides only

as a last resort.

Crop diversity

Crop diversity is a distinctive characteristic of

organic farming. Conventional farming focuses on mass

production of one crop in one location, a practice

called monoculture. The science of agroecology has revealed

the benefits of polyculture (multiple crops in the same

space), which is often employed in organic farming. Planting

a variety of vegetable crops supports a wider range of

beneficial insects, soil microorganisms, and other factors

Bachelor of Science in Agriculture

Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College

that add up to overall farm health. Crop diversity helps

environments thrive and protect species from going extinct.

Soil management

Organic farming relies heavily on the natural breakdown

of organic matter, using techniques like green

manure and composting, to replace nutrients taken from the

soil by previous crops. This biological process, driven

by microorganisms such as mycorrhiza, allows the natural

production of nutrients in the soil throughout the growing

season, and has been referred to as feeding the soil to feed

the plant. Organic farming uses a variety of methods to

improve soil fertility, including crop rotation, cover

cropping, reduced tillage, and application of compost. By

reducing tillage, soil is not inverted and exposed to air;

less carbon is lost to the atmosphere resulting in more soil

organic carbon. This has an added benefit of carbon

sequestration which can reduce green house gases and aid in

reversing climate change.

Plants need nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as

well as micronutrients and symbiotic

relationships with fungi and other organisms to flourish,

but getting enough nitrogen, and particularly

synchronization so that plants get enough nitrogen at the

right time (when plants need it most), is a challenge for

organic farmers. Crop rotation and green manure ("cover

crops") help to provide nitrogen through legumes (more

Bachelor of Science in Agriculture

Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College

precisely, the Fabaceae family) which fix nitrogen from the

atmosphere through symbiosis

with rhizobial bacteria . Intercropping, which is sometimes

used for insect and disease control, can also increase soil

nutrients, but the competition between the legume and the

crop can be problematic and wider spacing between crop rows

is required. Crop residues can beploughed back into the

soil, and different plants leave different amounts of

nitrogen, potentially aiding synchronization. Organic

farmers also use animal manure, certain processed

fertilizers such as seed meal and various mineral powders

such as rock phosphateand green sand, a naturally occurring

form of potash which provides potassium. Together these

methods help to control erosion. In some cases pH may need

to be amended. Natural pH amendments

include lime and sulfur, but in the U.S. some compounds such

asiron sulfate, aluminum sulfate, magnesium sulfate, and

soluble boron products are allowed in organic farming.

Mixed farms with both livestock and crops can operate

as ley farms, whereby the land gathers fertility through

growing nitrogen-fixing forage grasses such as white

clover or alfalfa and grows cash crops or cereals when

fertility is established. Farms without livestock

("stockless") may find it more difficult to maintain soil

fertility, and may rely more on external inputs such as

imported manure as well as grain legumes and green manures,

Bachelor of Science in Agriculture

Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College

although grain legumes may fix limited nitrogen because they

are harvested. Horticulturalfarms growing fruits and

vegetables which operate in protected conditions are often

even more reliant upon external inputs.

Biological research into soil and soil organisms has

proven beneficial to organic farming. Varieties of bacteria

and fungi break down chemicals, plant matter and animal

waste into productive soil nutrients. In turn, they produce

benefits of healthier yields and more productive soil for

future crops. Fields with less or no manure display

significantly lower yields, due to decreased soil microbe

community, providing a healthier, more arable soil system.

Weed management

Organic weed management promotes weed suppression,

rather than weed elimination, by enhancing crop competition

and phytotoxic effects on weeds. Organic farmers integrate

cultural, biological, mechanical, physical and chemical

tactics to manage weeds without synthetic herbicides.

Organic standards require rotation of annual

crops, meaning that a single crop cannot be grown in the

same location without a different, intervening crop. Organic

crop rotations frequently include weed-suppressive cover

crops and crops with dissimilar life cycles to discourage

weeds associated with a particular crop. Research is ongoing

to develop organic methods to promote the growth of natural

Bachelor of Science in Agriculture

Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College

microorganisms that suppress the growth or germination of

common weeds.

Other cultural practices used to enhance crop

competitiveness and reduce weed pressure include selection

of competitive crop varieties, high-density planting, tight

row spacing, and late planting into warm soil to encourage

rapid crop germination.

Mechanical and physical weed control practices used on

organic farms can be broadly grouped as:

Tillage  - Turning the soil between crops to incorporate

crop residues and soil amendments; remove existing weed

growth and prepare a seedbed for planting; turning soil

after seeding to kill weeds, including cultivation of

row crops;

Mowing and cutting - Removing top growth of weeds;

Flame weeding and thermal weeding - Using heat to kill

weeds; and

Mulching  - Blocking weed emergence with organic

materials, plastic films, or landscape fabric.

Some critics, citing work published in 1997 by David

Pimentel of Cornell University, which described an epidemic

of soil erosion worldwide, have raised concerned that

tillage contribute to the erosion epidemic. The FAO and

other organizations have advocated a "no-till" approach to

both conventional and organic farming, and point out in

particular that crop rotation techniques used in organic

Bachelor of Science in Agriculture

Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College

farming are excellent no-till approaches. A study published

in 2005 by Pimentel and colleagues confirmed that "Crop

rotations and cover cropping (green manure) typical of

organic agriculture reduce soil erosion, pest problems, and

pesticide use." Some naturally sourced chemicals are allowed

for herbicidal use. These include certain formulations

of acetic acid (concentrated vinegar), corn gluten meal,

and essential oils. A few selective bioherbicides based on

fungal pathogens have also been developed. At this time,

however, organic herbicides and bioherbicides play a minor

role in the organic weed control toolbox.

Weeds can be controlled by grazing. For example, geese

have been used successfully to weed a range of organic crops

including cotton, strawberries, tobacco, and corn, reviving

the practice of keeping cotton patch geese, common in the

southern U.S. before the 1950s. Similarly, some rice farmers

introduce ducks and fish to wet paddy fields to eat both

weeds and insects.

Controlling other organisms

Organisms aside from weeds that cause problems on

organic farms include arthropods (e.g.,

insects, mites), nematodes, fungi and bacteria. Organic

practices include, but are not limited to:

encouraging predatory beneficial insects to control

pests by serving them nursery plants and/or an

Bachelor of Science in Agriculture

Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College

alternative habitat, usually in a form of

a shelterbelt, hedgerow, or beetle bank;

encouraging beneficial microorganisms;

rotating crops  to different locations from year to year

to interrupt pest reproduction cycles;

planting companion crops and pest-repelling plants that

discourage or divert pests;

using row covers to protect crops during pest migration

periods;

using biologic pesticides and herbicides

using no-till farming, and no-till farming techniques

as false seedbeds

using sanitation to remove pest habitat;

Using insect traps to monitor and control insect

populations.

Using physical barriers, such as row covers

Examples of predatory beneficial insects include minute

pirate bugs, big-eyed bugs, and to a lesser

extent ladybugs (which tend to fly away), all of which eat a

wide range of pests. Lacewings are also effective, but tend

to fly away. Praying mantis tend to move more slowly and eat

less heavily. Parasitoid wasps tend to be effective for

their selected prey, but like all small insects can be less

effective outdoors because the wind controls their movement.

Predatory mites are effective for controlling other mites.

Bachelor of Science in Agriculture

Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College

Naturally derived insecticides allowed for use on

organic farms use include Bacillus thuringiensis (a

bacterial toxin), pyrethrum (a chrysanthemum

extract), spinosad (a bacterial metabolite), neem (a tree

extract) and rotenone (a legume root extract). Fewer than

10% of organic farmers use these pesticides regularly; one

survey found that only 5.3% of vegetable growers in

California use rotenone while 1.7% use pyrethrum.

[45]:26 These pesticides are not always more safe or

environmentally friendly than synthetic pesticides and can

cause harm. The main criterion for organic pesticides is

that they are naturally derived, and some naturally derived

substances have been controversial. Controversial natural

pesticides include rotenone, copper, nicotine sulfate,

and pyrethrums Rotenone and pyrethrum are particularly

controversial because they work by attacking the nervous

system, like most conventional insecticides. Rotenone is

extremely toxic to fish[48] and can induce symptoms

resembling Parkinson's disease in mammals. Although

pyrethrum (natural pyrethrins) is more effective against

insects when used with piperonyl butoxide (which retards

degradation of the pyrethrins), organic standards generally

do not permit use of the latter substance.

Naturally derived fungicides allowed for use on organic

farms include the bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus

pumilus; and the fungus Trichoderma harzianum. These are

Bachelor of Science in Agriculture

Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College

mainly effective for diseases affecting roots. Compost

tea contains a mix of beneficial microbes, which may attack

or out-compete certain plant pathogens, but variability

among formulations and preparation methods may contribute to

inconsistent results or even dangerous growth of toxic

microbes in compost teas.

Some naturally derived pesticides are not allowed for

use on organic farms. These include nicotine

sulfate, arsenic, and strychnine.

Synthetic pesticides allowed for use on organic farms

include insecticidal soaps and horticultural oils for insect

management; and Bordeaux mixture, copper

hydroxide and sodium bicarbonate for managing fungi. Copper

sulfate and Bordeaux mixture (copper sulfate plus lime),

approved for organic use in various jurisdictions, can be

more environmentally problematic than some synthetic

fungicides dissallowed in organic farming. Similar concerns

apply to copper hydroxide. Repeated application of copper

sulfate or copper hydroxide as a fungicide may eventually

result in copper accumulation to toxic levels in soil, and

admonitions to avoid excessive accumulations of copper in

soil appear in various organic standards and elsewhere.

Environmental concerns for several kinds of biota arise at

average rates of use of such substances for some crops. In

the European Union, where replacement of copper-based

fungicides in organic agriculture is a policy

Bachelor of Science in Agriculture

Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College

priority, research is seeking alternatives for organic

production.

Livestock

For livestock like these healthy cows vaccines play an

important part in animal health since antibiotic therapy is

prohibited in organic farming

Raising livestock and poultry, for meat, dairy and

eggs, is another traditional, farming activity that

complements growing. Organic farms attempt to provide

animals with natural living conditions and feed. While the

USDA does not require any animal welfare requirements be met

for a product to be marked as organic, this is a variance

from older organic farming practices.

Organic livestock may be, and must be, treated with

medicine when they are sick, but drugs cannot be used to

promote growth, their feed must be organic, and they must be

pastured.

Also, horses and cattle used to be a basic farm feature

that provided labor, for hauling and plowing, fertility,

through recycling of manure, and fuel, in the form of food

for farmers and other animals. While today, small growing

operations often do not include livestock, domesticated

animals are a desirable part of the organic farming

equation, especially for true sustainability, the ability of

a farm to function as a self-renewing unit.

Genetic modification

Bachelor of Science in Agriculture

Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College

A key characteristic of organic farming is the

rejection of genetically engineered plants and animals. On

October 19, 1998, participants at IFOAM's 12th Scientific

Conference issued the Mar del Plata Declaration, where more

than 600 delegates from over 60 countries voted unanimously

to exclude the use of genetically modified organisms in food

production and agriculture.

Although opposition to the use of any transgenic

technologies in organic farming is strong, agricultural

researchers Luis Herrera-Estrella and Ariel Alvarez-Morales

continue to advocate integration of transgenic technologies

into organic farming as the optimal means to sustainable

agriculture, particularly in the developing world, as does

author and scientist Pamela Ronald, who views this kind

of biotechnology as being consistent with organic

principles.

Although GMOs are excluded from organic farming, there

is concern that the pollen from genetically modified crops

is increasingly penetrating organic and heirloom seed

stocks, making it difficult, if not impossible, to keep

these genomes from entering the organic food supply.

Differing regulations among countries limits the

availability of GMOs to certain countries, as described in

the article on regulation of the release of genetic modified

organisms.

Standards

Bachelor of Science in Agriculture

Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College

Standards regulate production methods and in some cases

final output for organic agriculture. Standards may be

voluntary or legislated. As early as the 1970s private

associations certified organic producers. In the 1980s,

governments began to produce organic production guidelines.

In the 1990s, a trend toward legislated standards began,

most notably with the 1991 EU-Eco-regulation developed

for European Union, which set standards for 12 countries,

and a 1993 UK program. The EU's program was followed by a

Japanese program in 2001, and in 2002 the U.S. created

the National Organic Program (NOP). As of 2007 over 60

countries regulate organic farming . In 2005 IFOAM created

the Principles of Organic Agriculture, an international

guideline for certification criteria. Typically the agencies

accredit certification groups rather than individual farms.

Organic production materials used in and foods are

tested independently by the Organic Materials Review

Institute.

Composting

Using manure as a fertiliser risks contaminating food

with animal gut bacteria, including pathogenic strains of E.

coli that have caused fatal poisoning from eating organic

food. To combat this risk, USDA organic standards require

that manure must be sterilized through high

temperature thermophilic composting. If raw animal manure is

used, 120 days must pass before the crop is harvested if the

Bachelor of Science in Agriculture

Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College

final product comes into direct contact with the soil. For

products which do not come into direct contact with soil, 90

days must pass prior to harvest.

Bachelor of Science in Agriculture

Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College

CHAPTER III

Technical Description of the Agency/Industry/Plant

The Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College is a public

college in the Philippines. It is mandated to provide

professional and technical training both in the

undergraduate and the graduate levels in the fields of

economics, agriculture, fishery, trade, home industry,

engineering, education, forest research and conservation,

management, finance, accounting and business administration,

public administration and other fields. It is also mandated

to promote scientific and technological researches. Its main

campus is located in Santa Maria, Ilocos Sur.

The Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College (ISPSC) was

created by virtue of RA 8547 authored by the then

Congressman of the 2nd District of Ilocos Sur, Hon. Eric D.

Singson converting the then Ilocos Sur Polytechnic College

(ISPC) into a state college. The charter was signed into law

by President Fidel V. Ramos on February 24, 1998. The then

Ilocos Sur Polytechnic College was created by virtue of RA

7960 also authored by then Congressman Eric D. Singson and

signed into law on March 29, 1995. The law converted the

then Ilocos Sur Agricultural College (ISAC) into a

Bachelor of Science in Agriculture

Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College

polytechnic college integrating into it seven vocational-

technical and general academic secondary schools in the

second district of Ilocos Sur namely: Narvacan School of

Fisheries NASOF), Southern Ilocos Sur School of Fisheries

(SISSOF), Ilocos Sur Experimental Station and Pilot School

of Cottage Industries (ISESPSCI), Tagudin General

Comprehensive High School (TGCHS), Cervantes National Agro-

Industrial School (CNAIS), Suyo National High School and

Salcedo National High School. After its conversion into a

state college, two of the campuses, Suyo Campus and Salcedo

Campus, were reverted to the Department of Education.

ISPSC is a comprehensive six-campus institution of

higher learning mandated to give professional and technical

training both in the undergraduate and graduate levels in

the fields of economics, agriculture, fishery, trade, home

industry, engineering, education, forest research and

conservation, management, finance, accounting and business

administration, public administration and other fields as

may be relevant, besides providing for the promotion of

scientific and technological researches which the College

deems necessary in carrying out its objectives. The main

campus is situated in Santa Maria, Ilocos Sur and the five

other campuses are strategically located in Candon City and

the municipalities of Narvacan, Santiago, Tagudin, and

Cervantes, in the second district of Ilocos Sur.

Bachelor of Science in Agriculture

Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College

Today, ISPSC offers two accredited graduate programs in

the fields of Education and Agriculture. The college also

offers the following accredited undergraduate programs:

Elementary and Secondary Teacher Education, Agriculture,

Home Technology Education, Information Technology,

Industrial Technology and Hotel and Restaurant Management.

The first College Administrator was Mr. Apolonio P.

Labuanan, who served as Officer-in-Charge from February 24,

1998 to July 15, 1999. He served as Technical-Vocational

Schools Superintendent of the then ISAC. He laid down the

groundwork of the integration of the Ilocos Sur Polytechnic

College.

The first President of ISPSC, Dr. Alejandro V. Directo,

pursued the “SMILE” principle which stands for the values

sincerity, morality, integrity, loyalty, efficiency and

effectiveness. He began his term as President on July 16,

1999 and was extended for a second term in 2003. Dr. Directo

instituted the campus identity through the designation of a

flagship program for each campus. He initiated the

accreditation of degree programs offered by ISPSC as a means

of achieving quality and excellence.

The second President, Dr. Rafael B. Querubin, re-

engineered the college to become more relevant and

responsive. His term in January 1, 2008 and championed the

“CHARMED” paradigm, a 7-point development agenda which calls

for: Community Capability Building and Responsive

Bachelor of Science in Agriculture

Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College

Networking; Human Resources Development and Character

Building; Aggressive Academic Achievement; Resource

Generation and Wise Allocation of Resources; Maximized Use

of Resources ad Effective Maintenance Program; E-Governance

and Management; and, Developing Physical Facilities and

Building Structures. He worked out for the development of a

Medium Term Development Plan of the College (2011-2015), and

instituted a new set-up for the college. The new college

set-up produced two campus clusters: the North Cluster –

consisting of Santa Maria, Santiago and Narvacan, and the

South Cluster – consisting of Tagudin, Candon City and

Cervantes. He emphasized on the cultivation of a research

and development culture with the creation of the Office of

Vice President for Planning, Research, Extension and

Training. He also aggressively pushed for physical plant

development.

The main campus for the North Cluster is the Santa

Maria Campus which has been identified as the Provincial

Institute of Agriculture. Santa Maria campus had its early

beginnings as a farm school in 1913, then evolved into the

Santa Maria Agricultural High School. In 1963, SMAHS was

converted into the Ilocos Sur Agricultural College by virtue

of RA 3529 authored by Congressman Pablo C. Sanidad. Then in

1995, it was converted into the Ilocos Sur Polytechnic

College which was the precursor of the present ISPSC. The

Narvacan Campus is formerly the Narvacan School of Fisheries

Bachelor of Science in Agriculture

Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College

which was established in 1964 by virtue of RA 3476 authored

by Cong. Pablo C. Sanidad which was signed into law in June

16, 1962. When it was integrated into ISPSC, the Narvacan

Campus became the College of Fisheries and Marine Science.

Today, it is identified as the Provincial Institute of

Agriculture. The Santiago Campus was formerly known as the

Ilocos Sur Experimental Station and Pilot School of Cottage

Industries (ISESPSCI) which was established by virtue of RA

4430 signed into law on June 19, 1965. It is situated on a

3.5 hectare area along the national highway in the

municipality of Santiago, Ilocos Sur. When it was integrated

into ISPSC, it became the College of Engineering and

Technology. At present, Santiago Campus houses the College

of Technology. Tagudin Campus is the seat of governance in

the South Cluster. It was known formerly as the Tagudin

General Comprehensive High School established which started

as the Tagudin High School and became a national high school

by virtue of RA 4447 which was signed into law in June 19,

1965. After its integration into ISPSC, it became the

College of Arts and Sciences. Today it houses the College of

Teacher Education, the College of Business and Hospitality

Management, the College of Arts and Sciences, and the

College of Information Technology. Candon City Campus was

formerly the Southern Ilocos Sur School of Fisheries

(SISSOF) which evolved from a fishery demonstration farm

(Ilocos Sur Marine Demonstration Farm). It is located in the

Bachelor of Science in Agriculture

Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College

coastal barangay of Darapidap, Candon City. With its

integration into the ISPSC, it became the College of

Commercial and Social Services. At present Candon City

Campus houses the College of Business and Hospitality

Management. Cervantes Campus was formerly the Cervantes

National Agro-Industrial School (CNAIS) which evolved from

the Cervantes National School of Arts and Trades established

by virtue of RA 4424 signed into law in June 19, 1965. It is

located in a scenic upland municipality which is also a

gateway to the Cordillera provinces. When it was integrated

into ISPSC, it became the College of Agro-Industrial

Technology. Presently, Cervantes Campus offers teacher

education, information technology and hotel and restaurant

management courses.

Since the chartering of ISPSC in 1998, much had been

accomplished in terms of academic and technical pursuits,

facilities and plant development, research and extension

services, community involvement, administration and

governance, linkaging and networking, faculty and staff

development, and student development. Guided by its vision

as “an institution for total human development,” it

continues to be a beacon of hope to the people in the

service area and together thread the path towards greater

heights.

Vision

Bachelor of Science in Agriculture

Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College

An institution for total human development

Mission

The college shall primarily give professional and

technical training in the fields of economics, agriculture,

fishery, trade, home industry, engineering, education,

forest research and conservation, management, finance,

accounting and business administration and other relevant

fields for the promotion of scientific and technological

researches. It shall offer undergraduate, graduate and

short-term technical courses within its area of

specialization (RA 8547 Sec, 3)

Goals

To produce competent professionals in agriculture-

related fields equipped with technical know-how and

scientific expertise towards effective and efficient

management of resources and environmental conservation for

sustainable development.

Philosophy

The Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College adheres to the

fulfillment of improving the quality of life of the people

through the generation and promotion of sustainable and

environment-friendly technology, development of cognitive

and psychomotor skills that jibe with the requirements of

the communities and the industries; inculcation of values

conforming to the ethical standards of society, acceleration

of agro-industrial development, ecological balance and

Bachelor of Science in Agriculture

Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College

productive employment; and commitment to the principles of

unity and autonomy in the operation of the integrated

schools.

Objectives

1. to provide appropriate training along agriculture in

order to meet the demands for highly skilled and values-

oriented man-power in the service area;

2. to conduct researches to promote quality education and

enhanced productivity.

3. to conduct training and outreach programs in various

aspect of agriculture directed at providing technical

assistance to rural communities.

4. to develop innovative and critical thinking addressed to

technological changes and caring of the environment; and to

inculcate the value of teamwork, integrity, commitment and

dedication for efficient and effective services for

community development.

Core Values

Integrity, Sincerity, Perseverance, Self-discipline, 

Commitment

Bachelor of Science in Agriculture

Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College

CHAPTER VI

Experiential Learning Report

a. Description and Schedule of Activities

The practicum was started last April 28, 2014 at Vigan

Poultry. We had two respective areas like: Bio-N, Grabary,

Dragon Fruit, Tissue Culture and Animal Production, where

the OJTians were divided into two groups for their

respective areas that will rotate after 2 weeks into other

areas.

Date and Time Activities Persons Involved

April 7 – 11, 2014

7:30 – 11:30

1:00 – 4:00

To clean the

surroundings by

group

The OJT students and

Mrs. Evelina

Raguindin

Bachelor of Science in Agriculture

Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College

April 14 – 18, 2014

7:30 – 11:30

1:00 – 4:00

By group, cleaning

the surroundings

The OJT students and

Mrs. Evelina

Raguindin

April 21 – 25, 2014

7:30 – 11:30

1:00 – 4:00

By group, cleaning

the surroundings

The OJT students and

Mrs. Evelina

Raguindin

April 28 – May 02,

2014

7:30 – 11:30

1:00 – 4:00

Survey at Barangay

Labing East and

West. With Casselyn,

we go house to house

if they have

fattening, boar,

piglets, swine.

The OJT students and

Mr. Rogie Remolacio.

May 05- 09, 2014

7:30 – 11:30

1:00 – 4:00

Survey at Barangay

Sulot-sulot, San

Juan. We go house to

house if they have

fattening, boar,

piglets, swine.

The OJT students and

Mr. Rogie Remolacio.

May 12 - 16, 2014

7:30 – 11:30

1:00 – 4:00

Survey at Barangay

Guimod Sur and

Norte, San Juan. We

go house to house if

they have fattening,

boar, piglets,

The OJT students and

Mr. Rogie Remolacio.

Bachelor of Science in Agriculture

Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College

swine.

May 19 – 23, 2014

7:30 – 11:30

1:00 – 4:00

Survey at Barangay

Sinabaan, Bantay.

We go house to house

if they have

fattening, boar,

piglets, swine.

The OJT students and

Mr. Rogie Remolacio

Bachelor of Science in Agriculture