Illustrated Booklet of the Historic Churches of Charleston, South Carolina

HISTORIC CHURCHES OF CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA

I. The Churches at the Founding, 1680-‐1696

King Charles II of England chartered the territory of Carolina to eight Lords Proprietors in 1663. The original 1670 settlement was at Albemarle Point on the Ashley River, but the King moved it to its present location at Oyster Point on the peninsula in 1680 and named it Charles Towne (shortened to Charleston in 1783). Freedom of religion—but not equal in civil rights with Church of England communicants—was granted to the Carolina colonists, which led to the planting of five founding churches before the turn of the century: Anglican, Independent, Huguenot, Quaker, and Baptist. All but the Quaker Meeting House were within the walled city of circa 1704.

Map by Edward Crisp from a 1704 survey

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1680 St. Philip’s (Anglican) -‐ 146 Church Street

Current building erected 1838

St. Philip’s, the first Anglican congregation south of Virginia, was planted shortly after Charles Towne moved to the peninsula. Its small wooden church, built sometime after 1686, was Charleston’s first. St. Philip’s relocated to its present site in 1752. St. Michael’s built a new church on the original property and began services there in 1761.

1681 Independent Meeting House (later Circular Congregational) -‐ 150 Meeting St. Some accounts put the founding date five years later, in 1686.


This congregation without an official name was planted by various “dissenters” from European state churches—English Congregationalists, Scots Presbyterians, and French Huguenots. The “old white meeting house” where it began services was enlarged in 1732. The distinctive circular building for which the church is famous was constructed in 1804. A second congregation was formed in 1776 and construction of a new church building was begun on Archdale St. Interrupted by the Revolutionary War, the building was finally completed and dedicated in 1787. The Archdale St. church became the first Unitarian church in the South in 1817.

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1681 Huguenot Church -‐ 136 Church Street (Church & Queen)


The Huguenot church was established early in the decade of the founding and erected its first church building on the peninsula in 1687. “On April 30, 1680, the English ship Richmond brought forty-‐five Huguenots to Oyster Point with orders from King Charles II that the settlement be renamed Charles Towne. The voyage of these French refugees was subsidized by King Charles for the establishment on British territory of craftspeople” skilled in French industries (PSC, 10). Following the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, well over 450 French Protestants had immigrated to the South Carolina low country by 1700. The present building dates to 1845 and has the distinction of being the first Gothic Revival church in the city. It was designed by Charleston architect Edward Brickell White and constructed by master builder Ephraim Curtis. The church’s tracker organ, made by Henry Erben of NY, was restored in 1967, and the building recently repainted outside in its original pink color.

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1682 Quaker Meeting House -‐ King Street south of Queen (non-‐extant)

The original Meeting House on King Street, south of Queen is believed by some to have been erected possibly as early as 1682, though it more likely was sometime after 1686. Constructed of wood, it was demolished by gunpowder in 1838 to prevent the spread of a fire in the neighborhood. The brick building that replaced it in 1856 was itself destroyed by fire in 1861. All that remains is a section of wrought iron fence that surrounded the Quaker property on King Street with its successive meeting houses and cemetery.

1696 First Baptist Church, migrated to Charleston from Maine -‐ 61 Church Street


“First Baptist Church, Charleston, the earliest Baptist church in the South was organized on September 25, 1682 in Kittery, Maine, under the sponsorship of the First Baptist Church of Boston. Late in 1696, the pastor, William Screven, and 28 members of the Kittery congregation immigrated to Charleston, South Carolina” (website). Originally they settled “Somerton” on the Cooper River, but moved to the city and held services in the house of William Chapman until 1699 when William Elliott donated the Church Street property. The present sanctuary was completed in 1822 during Richard Furman’s tenure as pastor. The Greek Revival edifice was designed by Richard Mills, “the first American-‐born professional architect” (PCS, 31).

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II. New Congregations in the 18th Century

1706 St. Andrew’s (Anglican) Parish Church -‐ 2604 Ashley River Road (Hwy 61)

Original and current building erected 1706; expanded 1723

St. Andrew’s Parish was one of ten parishes established by the 1706 Church Act of the Colonial Assembly. The nave of the building on which construction was begun that year is the oldest surviving church edifice in South Carolina. The transepts and chancel were added in 1723. (Lilly, 84) Isaac Gererdeau [sic], the fifth of five sons of Pierre Gererdeau, who immigrated to America from his home in Talmont, France, around 1690 and married Ann Le Sade sometime before 1702, was baptized in St. Andrew’s Parish February 25, 1720/21. [Register of St. Andrew’s Parish, 1719-‐1774, copied and edited by Mabel L. Weber.] Isaac was the great-‐grandfather of John Lafayette Girardeau, the Presbyterian whose preaching was so well-‐received by the slave population of Charleston.

1731 First (Scots) Presbyterian Church -‐ 53 Meeting Street


Twelve Scottish families separated “amicably” from the Meeting House in order to govern themselves according to the forms and discipline of the Church of Scotland.

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1749 Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim -‐ 90 Hasell Street


The earliest known reference to a Jew in Charleston is 1695. By 1749 their numbers were sufficient to organize a Sephardic Orthodox synagogue, “Holy Congregation House of God,” the fourth oldest Jewish congregation in America. Fifteen years later they established the oldest surviving Jewish cemetery in the South. In 1841 it committed to the path of Reform Judaism.

1751 St. Michael’s (Anglican) -‐ 80 Meeting Street (Broad & Meeting)

Original and current building erected 1761

St. Michael’s is the oldest church edifice in the city of Charleston. Built on the original site of St. Philip’s, the cornerstone was laid in 1752. Services began in the new building nine years later.

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1755 St. John’s Lutheran – 10 Archdale Street (Archdale & Clifford)

Current building erected 1816-‐1818

“The St. John's congregation dates its origins to the 1742 arrival of Dr. Henry Melchior Muhlenberg, the father of the Lutheran Church in America. He stopped for two days in Charleston on his way to visit the Salzburger colony at Ebenezer, Ga. He returned a month later and spent three weeks waiting for a ship to Philadelphia during which time he held services, taught catechism to the children of the German residents, and held services with communion on Sundays.” <website> The congregation was formally organized in 1755.

1772 Archdale Street Meeting House (later Unitarian) – 8 Archdale Street

Original and current building erected 1787; renovated 1854

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The Independent Meeting House outgrew its space under the ministry of William Tennent, so a second congregation was organized to meet in a new building two blocks away. The congregations were one corporate entity served by two pastors who occupied the pulpits of both on alternate Sundays. The arrangement lasted until 1817 when the assistant pastor and the Archdale congregation became Unitarian.

Work on the building began in 1772 but was interrupted by the Revolutionary War. The completed edifice was dedicated in 1787. “In the work done between 1852 and 1854, the walls of the original building were retained, the present tower section added to the front and the chancel added to the rear. The interior was designed and remodeled after the Henry VII chapel of Westminster Abbey” (Lilly, Historic Churches of Charleston, 77).

1785 Cumberland Church (Methodist) – Opposite 85 Cumberland Street

Charleston’s first Methodist congregation was organized by Francis Asbury in 1785. Their place of worship was originally called the “Blue Meeting House” but soon took its name from its location on Cumberland Street. There were 35 white and 23 black members on the roll in in 1786. No image available. Eventually became Trinity United Methodist Church, 273 Meeting St. (Meeting & Society).

1789 St. Mary of the Annunciation Roman Catholic Church – 89 Hasell Street


“St. Mary's Church represents the first established site of Catholicity in the Carolinas and Georgia. In 1788, the Rt. Rev. John Carroll (Prefect Apostolic of the United States) sent to Charleston the Rev. Matthew Ryan, a very pious Irish priest, who began the organization of a parish. Father Ryan. … Near the end of 1789, Rev. Carroll appointed the Rev. Doctor Thomas Keating to replace Father Ryan. He permanently established the church” (website).

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1791 Trinity (Primitive) Methodist Church – 273 Meeting Street


Formerly Third Presbyterian/Central Presbyterian/Westminster Presbyterian

In early 1791, Thomas Coke was in transit from Jamaica with a gifted Irish preacher, the Rev. William Hammet, who had experienced opposition to Methodism’s antislavery position in the West Indies where he had been preaching since 1786. After hearing him preach, the Cumberland Street church desired that he be appointed their minister, but Asbury refused. As a result, half the congregation joined Hammet in forming a new congregation, Trinity, aligned with the new “Primitive Methodism” denomination. They built a wooden church structure at the corner of Hasell St. and Maiden Lane, replaced by a brick edifice in 1838 that stood until 1902. The Primitive and Cumberland congregations were eventually reunited and adopted the name Trinity Methodist in 1874. They purchased their current building from Westminster Presbyterian Church in 1926.

1797 Bethel Methodist -‐ 222 Calhoun Street

Original and current “Old Bethel” building erected 1797

Charleston Methodists built what is now known as “Old Bethel Methodist Church” on land purchased by the congregation on Pitt Street in 1795. As the result of a black-‐white schism the bldg. was moved to the western side of the property in 1852 for the use of the black congregation. In 1880 the building was moved to its present site on Calhoun Street.

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1797 Bethel Methodist– 57 Pitt Street


1797 St. James Methodist – 754 Rutledge Avenue

III. The Churches in the 19th Century 1809 Second Presbyterian – 341 Meeting Street

Original and current building erected 1809-‐1811

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“This building is the oldest edifice of this faith in the historic section of Charleston. Built in 1809 by James and John Gordon and dedicated on April 3, 1811, the sanctuary was so immense it was said to be a strain on the ministers’ voices to be heard. The old box pews were replaced in 1849. The Presbyterian Church of the United States has designated this church Historical Site Number One” (discover sc). Denmark Vesey joined Second Presbyterian in April of 1817. “The Second Presbyterian Church of the City and Suburbs of Charleston” was outside the city limits at the time it was built. The steeple was not built for lack of funds. After St. Michael’s and Old Bethel, it is the third oldest church edifice in Charleston (fourth if you count the substantially modified Unitarian church).

1810 St. Paul’s Episcopal -‐ 126 Coming Street (Coming & Vanderhorst) (later Cathedral of St. Luke and St. Paul)


“The Cathedral of St. Luke and St. Paul, the largest Episcopal church edifice in South Carolina, was built between 1811 and 1816 as St. Paul's Church (Radcliffeborough). The congregation was organized in 1810 and worshipped in the Huguenot Church until occupying this church. … The tower of St. Paul's was so weighty that the main walls began to split, so the tower was dismantled and the remaining portion later was capped with a Gothic Revival parapet. … The church was often referred to as "the planters' church" because it served a large number of planters who had suburban homes on the neck. During the Civil War, the church records and plate were sent to Columbia for safekeeping, and were lost in the burning of that city in 1865. During the Federal bombardment, the congregations of St. Michael's and St Philip's joined that of St. Paul's to worship in this church which was out of range of the Federal guns. … In 1949, St. Paul's merged with the congregation of St. Luke's Church (22 Elizabeth St.), and in 1963 the structure was designated the Cathedral Church of the Diocese of South Carolina.” (CCPL @ 126 Coming St.)

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1818 Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal – 110 Calhoun Street


“Mother Emanuel” is the oldest AME church in the South. Its history dates back to the Free African Society founded by Philadelphia’s Richard Allen in 1787 to adhere to and practice the doctrines of Methodism espoused by John Wesley. In 1816 black members of Bethel Methodist withdrew over disputed burial ground. The Rev. Morris Brown organized the group and sought affiliation with Allen’s Free African Society. Three churches developed as a result and became known as the “Bethel Circuit.” Emanuel grew out of the congregation located in the French Quarter. Their church building was burned down during the Denmark Vesey panic, but the congregation rebuilt and continued to be used for public services until all-‐black churches were outlawed and the congregation went underground until 1865 when it was recognized and adopted the name Emanuel: “God is with us.”

1821 Cathedral of St. John the Baptist (Roman Catholic) – 122 Broad Street


The Cathedral parish was founded by Bishop John England in 1821. The original cathedral built in 1854 burned down in the Charleston Fire of 1861. The present cathedral was built on the 1854 foundation. A steeple and cross have been added.

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1822 St. Stephen’s Episcopal – 67 Anson Street


“The chapel was built in 1835-‐36 for Episcopal Church members who could not afford to purchase pews, as was then the custom. The building escaped the great fire of 1838, which devastated the area to the south of the chapel. This building replaced a previous St. Stephen's Chapel which was built on Guignard Street in 1823-‐24 … “The first St. Stephen's, said to have been the first Episcopal church in the United States in which pews were free, was destroyed by fire in 1835. The present stuccoed brick building is in a Classic Revival style, with pilasters separating the bays on the front and sides and blind Roman arches on the facade. The galleried interior is very simple.” (CCPL @ 67 Anson St.)

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1823 Third (later Central) Presbyterian – 273 Meeting Street

Original building (now Trinity Methodist) erected 1850

A splinter group from First Scots Presbyterian organized St. Andrew’s Presbyterian in 1814 and erected a building at Archdale and West streets. When the church disbanded nine years later, the building was sold to founding members of Third Presbyterian in 1823. Third Presbyterian took the name Central Presbyterian in 1852. It subsequently merged with Zion-‐Glebe Street Presbyterian in 1882, taking the name Westminster. The building was purchased by Trinity Methodist church in 1926. Westminster then relocated to 1157 Sam Rittenberg Blvd. Angelina and Mary Grimké together joined Third Presbyterian in 1823. They were the daughters of John Faucheraud Grimké, son of John Paul Grimké and Mary Faucheraud, a prominent judge of Huguenot descent. The name Grimké derives from German ancestors who came to South Carolina in the 17th century. Born in Lorraine, Alsace, France on 1713. John Paul married Marie Faucheraud and had 2 children. John Paul married Ann Grimball and had a child. He passed away on Jan 1791 in Charleston, South Carolina, USA. Angelina, the youngest of 14 children born to John and Mary Polly Smith Grimké, wealthy rice planters who owned many slaves, left Charleston at age 19 to join the abolitionist movement in 1824. With her older sister, Sarah, she went on a speaking tour of the Northeast for the American Anti-‐Slavery Society. Scandalized many by calling for an immediate end to slavery and, on top of that, making her case publically before “promiscuous assemblies,” that is, audiences of both men and women.

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1839 St. John’s Chapel (Episcopal) – 18 Hanover Street


The Rev. Paul Trapier, missionary, with his assistant, the Rev. R. T. Howard, in connection with their labors centering at St. Stephen's on Anson Street, began holding services in Hampstead in February, 1839, in a school room rented for the purpose. Very soon again, as in case of St. Stephen's, under the patronage of the Female Domestic Missionary Society, it was decided to build a chapel of wood. The Society had, in 1831, acquired a lot in Hampstead Village, then beyond the city limits, used in part as a burial ground for the city mission. This lot was selected as an appropriate place for the chapel together with a contiguous lot now added. The cornerstone was laid by Bishop Bowen on April 9, 1839. The chapel was completed at a cost of $4,000.00-only $300.00 remaining unpaid. It was opened for services October 12th. At first, the attendance was small, but the prospects considered good. From the first, the mission was called St. John's. On Sunday, October 12, 1839, the first services were held in St. John's Chapel on Hanover Street about a half mile north of the City Wall. St. John's was the second "Free Church" in the Charleston area. The term "Free Church" meant that worshippers were not charged pew rents as they were in most other churches at that time. The Rev. Mr. Howard withdrew from the mission in May, 1840.

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1840 St. Matthew’s Lutheran – 405 King Street

Current building erected1872

Organized primarily for German-‐speaking Lutheran settlers. The present church building dates from 1872. It was rebuilt following a fire in 1965. Its 265-‐foot steeple is a landmark—said to be the tallest structure in SC. First building was at 48 Hasell Street (Hasell and Anson). Built in 1842, it is now occupied by St. Johannes Evangelical Lutheran, organized 1878.

1842 Second (later Wentworth Street) Baptist Church – 60 Wentworth Street

Original building (now Centenary Methodist) erected 1842

Merged with Citadel Square Baptist Church June 1, 1868.

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1846 Grace Episcopal Church – 98 Wentworth Street


Grace Church was admitted to the Diocese of South Carolina in 1846. The sanctuary was consecrated two years later.

1847 Glebe Street Presbyterian Church -‐ 5 Glebe Street

Original building (now Mt. Zion AME) erected 1847-‐1848

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“When the church was built [1847-‐1848], the land was leased from St. Philip's Episcopal Church. In 1856 the lot was conveyed to the Glebe Street Presbyterian Church in fee simple by St. Philip's. The Glebe Street Church sold the property to the Zion Presbyterian church in 1866. In 1882, Zion Presbyterian merged with the Central Presbyterian Church on Meeting Street and the Glebe Street property was purchased by a group from Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church. They organized a new congregation, which kept the name Zion and named their church the Mount Zion African Methodist Episcopal church, part of the College of Charleston campus.” (Charleston County Public Library, entry for 7 Glebe St.) “About 1882, the building of the Central Presbyterian Church on Meeting Street … and the building of the Zion Presbyterian Church at 5 Glebe Street were both offered for sale because the two churches planned to unite.” No bid for Central, but a group from Emmanuel AME purchased the Gleb St. building and held their first worship service October 19, 1882.

1848 Church of the Holy Communion (Episcopal) -‐ 278 Ashley Av (Ashley & Cannon)


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1848 Anson Street Mission (African American) – 93 Anson Street

Original building erected 1850; enlarged 1883

Occupants: Anson Street Mission (African American), 1850-‐1857 Zion Presbyterian (African American), 1858-‐1859 St. Joseph’s Roman Catholic (Irish), 1861-‐1961 St. John’s Reformed Episcopal, 1971-‐present

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John B. Adger and the session of Second Presbyterian established a chapel for the worship and instruction of slaves and built this stuccoed brick Gothic Revival meeting place in 1850. When Adger had to resign on account of failing eyesight, John L. Girardeau was installed as minister. The congregation greatly expanded under Girardeau’s preaching. In 1858 the Charleston Presbytery organized a new congregation with its own African American session (see Zion Presbyterian below). St. Joseph’s Roman Catholic Church fell heir to Anson Chapel in 1861. “St. Joseph's was known as ‘The Church of the Irish,’ as it served a large number of parishioners of Irish origin who had settled in the area. The church was struck by shells several times during the Federal bombardment of the city, 1863-‐65, and badly damaged. It was repaired after the war and almost completely rebuilt in 1883, when it gained its present cruciform shape with the addition of the chancel and transcepts.” (CCPL @ 93 Anson St.)

1850 Calvary Episcopal (African American) – 71 Beaufain Street

Original building erected 1850; deconsecrated 1940; razed 1961

The impetus for Calvary Episcopal came from the Rev. Paul Trapier, formerly minister at St. Michael’s (apparently removed from that post for his high church views). He proposed organizing a separate congregation for blacks and persuaded the Diocesan Convention to allow services to begin in the basement of the parsonage of St. Philip’s. The new church plant then moved to Temperance Hall until their new facility was completed in1850. (Erskine Clarke, Wrestlin’ Jacob, 148-‐49.)

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The Charleston County Public Library offers this account of the opposition faced by the new congregation. “The unfinished church was marched upon by a mob objecting to a separate church for blacks. The mob was halted by James L. Petigru, the prominent Charleston attorney and unionist, who persuaded them to submit the question to the arbitration of a committee. The committee decided that a church for blacks was a worthy project, and the church was completed. The simple Classic Revival style structure may have been designed by Charleston architect Edward Brickell White. The black congregation left the structure in 1940. It was subsequently sold to the Housing Authority of Charleston, which demolished it in 1961.” (CCPL at entry for 71 Beaufain Street.)

1854 Citadel Square (originally Fourth) Baptist – 328 Meeting Street


Twelve members of First Baptist (five couples and two men) requested letters of dismissal in order to establish a congregation in the “Upper Wards” of the city. With an additional couple from Wentworth Street Baptist (formerly Second Baptist), the group organized Fourth Baptist in 1854. The struggling Morris Street Church (not to be confused with the current Morris Street Baptist Church organized in 1865) was dissolved and joined Fourth Baptist January 1, 1855. Following the merger and the decision to build a sanctuary on the Citadel Green, the new congregation took the name Citadel Square Baptist Church. The new edifice, built to accommodate 1,000 worshippers, was dedicated November 23, 1856. Wentworth Street Baptist then merged with Citadel Square in 1868.

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1857 St. Luke’s Episcopal – 22 Elizabeth (Elizabeth & Charlotte)

Original building erected 1859-‐1862

Occupied by New Tabernacle Fourth Baptist, 1952-‐2007 1858 Zion Presbyterian (African American) – 123 Calhoun St (Meeting & Calhoun)

Original building erected 1859; razed 1959

Following the revival of 1858-‐59, Zion Presbyterian—the name chosen by the black congregation under its own session—moved into a large new building at the intersection of Meeting and Calhoun Streets. Neither the church nor its building exist today. There is only a small marker on Calhoun Street that reads, “This is the site of Zion Presbyterian Church.” White members merged 1869 with Glebe Street Presbyterian to form Zion-‐Glebe Street. Black members merged 1959 with Olivet Presbyterian (organized 1879) to form Zion-‐Olivet Presbyterian. Olivet was located at 93 Beaufain Street. The congregation worshipped at both sites until 1964 when they moved to 134 Cannon Street. See below at 1879.

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1862 Centenary Methodist Church

1865 St. Mark’s Episcopal Church – 14 Thomas Street (Thomas & Warre)


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1865 Morris Street Baptist Church (African American)

Current building erected 1909; rebuilt 1969

25 Morris Street

“From a two-‐room building on Morris Street, Morris Street Baptist Church emerged as the ‘Mother church among Negro Baptists’ in South Carolina on May 9, 1865. On this date, 73 God-‐fearing Christians of African descent, some of whom had been enslaved, met under the leadership of Father Jacob Legare and organized the church. … Today, the church is affiliated with the Charleston County Missionary Baptist Association, the Baptist Education and Missionary Convention of South Carolina, the Baptist Women’s Educational and Missionary Convention and its Auxiliaries, and the National Baptist Convention.” [website]

1866 St. Andrew’s Lutheran 1866 St. Peter’s Roman Catholic Church

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1867 Wallingford (originally Siloam) Presbyterian – 400 Meeting Street

Original building erected circa 1867

Current building -‐ 705 King Street

The PCUSA “sent missionary representatives into the South because of their concern for Negro Presbyterians. The Rev. Jonathan C. Gibbs came to Charleston in 1865 and the organization he started was known as Siloam Church” (Lilly). A Sunday school mission of Zion Presbyterian was organized as a church in 1867 with 20 members. The name was changed to Wallingford Presbyterian in 1870.

1867 Plymouth Congregational (African American)

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1867 Morris Brown AME Church – 13 Morris Street


1870 Greater Trinity AME Church 1875 Holy Trinity Reformed Episcopal 1875 Israel Reformed Episcopal 1878 St. Johannes Evangelical Lutheran 1879 Olivet Presbyterian (African American) – 134 Cannon Street

Originally located at 93 Beaufain Street (non-‐extant) Merged 1959 with Zion Presbyterian (estb. 1858) to form Zion-‐Olivet

Zion-‐Olivet Presbyterian Church


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1880 Old Bethel Methodist (African American) – 222 Calhoun Street


1882 Mt Zion African Methodist Episcopal Church – 5 Glebe Street

Brick building purchased by members of Emanuel AME Church to alleviate overcrowding. Built 1847-‐48, repaired after fire damage 1938-‐39. Originally Glebe Street Presbyterian, the building was sold to Mt. Zion in 1866.

1887 St. Luke’s Reformed Episcopal

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1887 Calvary Baptist Church (African American) – 389 Sumter St (Ashley & Sumter)

The first African American Baptist church in Charleston, organized by Citadel Square Baptist. Originally known as First Colored Baptist Church. Current building erected 1966.

1891 Central Baptist (African American) – 26 Radcliffe Street


Founded in 1891 by members of the Morris Street Baptist Church, whose leadership had led to the formation of the Negro Baptist Association in 1867 and a statewide organization in 1876. The “Carpenter Gothic” church building dates from 1893.

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CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX

I. The Churches at the Founding, 1680-‐1696 1680 St. Philip’s (Anglican) 1681 Independent Meeting (later Circular Congregational) 1681 French Huguenot 1681 Quaker Meeting 1696 First Baptist (organized in Maine, 1682; migrated to Charleston, 1696)

II. New Congregations in the 18th Century

1706 St. Andrew’s (Anglican) 1731 First (Scots) Presbyterian 1749 Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim 1751 St. Michael’s (Anglican) 1755 St. John’s Lutheran 1772 Archdale Street Meeting (later Unitarian) 1785 Cumberland Methodist 1789 St. Mary of the Annunciation (Roman Catholic) 1791 Trinity (Primitive) Methodist 1797 Bethel Methodist 1797 St. James Methodist

III. The Churches in the 19th Century 1809 Second Presbyterian 1810 St. Paul’s Episcopal (later Cathedral of St. Luke and St. Paul) 1818 Emanuel AME Church 1821 Cathedral of St. John the Baptist (Roman Catholic) 1822 St. Stephen’s Episcopal 1823 Third (later Central) Presbyterian 1839 St. John’s Chapel (Episcopal) 1840 St. Matthew’s Lutheran 1842 Second (later Wentworth Street) Baptist 1846 Grace Episcopal 1847 Glebe Street Presbyterian 1848 Church of the Holy Communion (Episcopal) 1848 Anson Street (Presbyterian) Mission (African American) 1850 Calvary Episcopal (African American) 1854 Citadel Square (originally Fourth) Baptist 1857 St. Luke’s Episcopal 1858 Zion Presbyterian (African American) 1862 Centenary Methodist 1865 St. Mark’s Episcopal 1865 Morris Street Baptist (African American) 1866 St. Andrew’s Lutheran 1866 St. Peter’s (Roman Catholic) 1867 Wallingford (originally Siloam) Presbyterian (African American) 1867 Plymouth Congregational (African American) 1867 Morris Brown AME 1870 Greater Trinity AME 1875 Holy Trinity Reformed Episcopal 1875 Israel Reformed Episcopal 1878 St. Johannes Evangelical Lutheran 1879 Olivet Presbyterian (African American); originally Charleston Mission Chapel 1880 Old Bethel Methodist (African American) 1882 Mt. Zion AME 1887 St. Luke’s Reformed Episcopal 1891 Central Baptist (African American)

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DEMNOMINATIONAL INDEX

Anglican/Episcopal

founded building erected St. Philip’s (Anglican) 1680 1838 146 Church St St. Andrew’s (Anglican) 1706 1706 2604 Ashley River Rd St. Michael’s (Anglican) 1751 1761 80 Meeting St St. Paul’s Episcopal (later Cathedral) 1810 1816 126 Coming St St. Stephen’s Episcopal 1822 1836 67 Anson St St. John’s Chapel (Episcopal) 1839 1839 18 Hanover St Grace Episcopal 1846 1848 98 Wentworth St Ch of the Holy Communion (Episcopal) 1848 1855 278 Ashley Ave Calvary Episcopal (African American) 1850 1850 71 Beaufain St* St. Luke’s Episcopal 1857 1862 22 Elizabeth St. Mark’s Episcopal 1865 1878 14 Thomas St Holy Trinity Reformed Episcopal 1875 1880 51 Bull St Israel Reformed Episcopal 1875 1884 71 Simons St St. Luke’s Reformed Episcopal 1887 1907 60 Nassau

Methodist

Cumberland Methodist 1785 1785 Cumberland St* Trinity (Primitive) Methodist 1791 1850 273 Meeting St Bethel Methodist 1797 1853 57 Pitt St St. James Methodist 1797 1856 68 Spring St Emanuel AME 1818 1891 110 Calhoun St Centenary Methodist 1862 1842 60 Wentworth St Morris Brown AME 1867 1875 13 Morris St Old Bethel Methodist (African American) 1880 1797 222 Calhoun St Mt. Zion AME 1882 1847 5 Glebe St Central Reformed Methodist Union 1897 1897 117 President St

Presbyterian

French Huguenot 1681 1845 136 Church St First (Scots) Presbyterian 1731 1814 53 Meeting St Second Presbyterian 1809 1811 341 Meeting St Third (later Central) Presbyterian 1823 1850 273 Meeting St Glebe Street Presbyterian 1847 1848 5 Glebe St Anson Street MIssion (African American) 1848 1850 93 Anson St Zion Presbyterian (African American) 1858 1859 123 Calhoun St* Wallingford Presbyterian (African American) 1867 1867 400 Meeting St*

Congregational Independent Meeting (Circular Congregational) 1686 1891 150 Meeting St Archdale St Meeting (later Unitarian) 1772 1787 8 Archdale St Plymouth Congregational (African American) 1867 1872 41 Pitt St

1957 124 Spring St

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Baptist

founded building erected

First Baptist 1682 1822 61 Church St Second (later Wentworth St) Baptist 1842 1842 60 Wentworth St Citadel Square (originally 4th) Baptist 1854 1856 328 Meeting St Calvary Baptist (African American) 1865 1966 389 Sumter St Morris Street Baptist (African American) 1865 1909 25 Morris St New Tabernacle 4th Baptist (African American) 1875 1862 22 Elizabeth St Memorial Baptist (African American) 1886 1886 153 Alexander St Central Baptist (African American) 1891 1893 23 Radcliffe St

Lutheran St. John’s Lutheran 1755 1818 10 Archdale St St. Matthew’s Lutheran 1840 1872 405 King St St. Andrew’s Lutheran 1866 1834 43 Wentworth St St. Johannes Evangelical Lutheran 1878 1842 48 Hasell St

Roman Catholic

St. Mary of the Annunciation 1789 1839 89 Hasell St Cathedral of St. John the Baptist 1821 1907 122 Broad St St. Peter’s 1866 1847 38 Wentworth St

Quaker

Quaker Meeting 1682 1682 King St south of Queen*

Jewish

Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim 1749 1840 90 Hasell St *non-‐extant

Sources: • Historic Churches of Charleston, South Carolina, ed. Edward Guerrant Lilly, compiled by Clifford L. Legerton. Charleston, SC: Huguley, 1966.

• The Churches of Charleston and the Lowcountry, ed. Mary Moore Jacoby, Preservation Society of Charleston. Columbia: U of SC Press, 1994. • Sacred Places of the Lowcountry, ed. William Pl. Baldwin. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2007.

David Clyde Jones Professor emeritus of systematic theology and ethics

Covenant Theological Seminary April 15, 2013

Lightly edited & reformatted, June 27, 2015 Corrected with the assistance of Cheves Leland, Huguenot Society of SC, June 28, 2015

Any remaining errors are my responsibility.

Illustrated Booklet of the Historic Churches of Charleston, South Carolina

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