IDENTIFICATION OF ECOTOURISM

POTENTALITIES IN ANAGANMALA

PROJECT WORK FOR VI th SEMESTER

B.SC GEOGRAPHY

Submitted By

MUHAMMED MUSTHAFA.P.P

Reg. No: IGAMSGG009

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for

the Award of Degree of Bachelor of Science in

Geography of the University of Calicut

DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY

IDEAL ARTS & SCIENCE COLLEGE, CHERPPULASSERY

PALAKKAD

IDENTIFICATION OF ECOTOURISM

POTENTALITIES IN ANAGANMALA

PROJECT WORK FOR VI th SEMESTER

B.SC GEOGRAPHY

Submitted By

MUHAMMED MUSTHAFA.P.P

Reg. No: IGAMSGG009

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for

the Award of Degree of Bachelor of Science in

Geography of the University of Calicut

DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY

IDEAL ARTS & SCIENCE COLLEGE, CHERPPULASSERY

PALAKKAD

DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY

IDEAL ARTS & SCIENCE COLLEGE, CHERPPULASSERY

PALAKKAD

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for

the Award of Degree of Bachelor of Science in

Geography of the University of Calicut

Submitted By

MUHAMMED MUSTHAFA.P.P

Reg. No: IGAMSGG009

BONAFIDE

Examiners: Head of the Department

1) …………………..

2) …………………..

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project “IDENTIFICATION OF ECOTOURISM

POTENTALITIES IN ANAGANMALA IN THRIKKADERI PANCHAYTH” is a bonafide

record work of Mr. MUHAMMED MUSTHAFA.P.P 6 semester B.sc Geography during

the year 2012-2014. This is his original work and has not been presented to any

University by anybody for the award of any degree or diploma.

Place : Cherpulassery ISWARYA

Asst.Professor

Ideal Arts Science College,

Cherpulassery, Palakkad

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this Projection entitled entitled “IDENTIFICATION OF

ECOTOURISM POTENTALITIES IN ANAGANMALA IN THRIKKADERI PANCHAYTH”

has been conducted by me in partial fulfillment of the award of the degree of science in

Geography of the University of Calicut.

I have not used any part of this work to obtain any other degree, diploma or fellowship from

any other University.

Place: Cherpulassery

Date: Mr. MUHAMMED MUSTAFA.P.P

Final Year B.SC Geography

Ideal Arts Science College

Cherpulassery, Palakkad

PREFACE

This project “IDENTIFICATION OF ECOTOURISM POTENTALITIES IN

ANAGANMALA” is an attempt to bring in to light the unreached realm of ecotourism and

its merits and demerits on the nature, citizens, society and government. The new face of

tourism has its own pluses and mineses.to get a good amount of positive advantages than

negatives is the main aim of the new part of tourism named s eco-tourism. As far as the

Anangan mala eco-tourism is concerned it is not only the result of a long awaited but also the

look forwarded project. It is my humble attempt to discover the realties beyond the project

while it is good or bad expecting a good future of the nature and society.

ACKNOWLDGEMENT

First of all I am obliged to submit my sincere and hearty thanks to

the Almighty who had given me his light to step to the world of

knowledge and put my hand to the realities of knowledge

After that I thank to my honorable and respected Teachers who

encouraged me and helped me to complete this work. I understand that it

is the time to thank my brothers and friends who have supported me in

this purpose. Ore over I submit this dissertation to my parents and family,

because of their valuable support in this field.

I have no more words to express my thanks to them .one more

submitting my thanks all of them I pray God to receive this work as a

good deed.

Place: Cherpulassery

Date: MUHAMMED MUSTHAFA.P.P

DEDICATED TO MY PARENTS

CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION

Importance of Ecotourism

Ecotourism in India

Ecotourism in Kerala

Major Attractions

Ecotourism in Palakkad

Review of Literature Relevance of the Study

Aim and Objectives

Objectives

Limitations

Organization of the study

CHAPTER 2 Study area

CHAPTER 3 Anaganmala tourism

CHAPTER 4 Conclusion

CHAPTER 5 Reference

CHAPTER _ 1

INTRODUCTION

Tourism is travel for recreation, leisure, religious, family or business purposes, usually for a

limited duration. Tourism is commonly associated with international travel, but may also

refer to travel to another place within the same country. The World Tourism Organization

defines tourists as people "traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment

for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes"

Tourism has become a popular global leisure activity. Tourism can be domestic or

international, and international tourism has both incoming and outgoing implications on a

country's balance of payments. Today, tourism is a major source of income for many

countries, and affects the economy of both the source and host countries, in some cases being

of vital importance.

Tourism is an important, even vital, source of income for many countries. Its importance was

recognized in the Manila Declaration on World Tourism of 1980 as "an activity essential to

the life of nations because of its direct effects on the social, cultural, educational, and

economic sectors of national societies and on their international relations.

Tourism brings in large amounts of income into a local economy in the form of payment

for goods and services needed by tourists, accounting for 30% of the world's trade of

services, and 6% of overall exports of goods and services. It also creates opportunities for

employment in the service sector of the economy associated with tourism

The service industries which benefit from tourism include transportation services, such

as airlines, cruise ships, and taxicabs; hospitality services, such as accommodations,

including hotels and resorts; and entertainment venues, such as amusement

parks, casinos, shopping malls, music venues, and theatres. This is in addition to goods

bought by tourists, including souvenirs, clothing and other supplies.

Ecotourism is a form of tourism involving visiting fragile, pristine, and relatively undisturbed

natural areas, intended as a low-impact and often small scale alternative to standard commercial

tourism. Its purpose may be to educate the traveler, to provide funds for ecological

conservation, to directly benefit the economic development and political empowerment of local

communities, or to foster respect for different cultures and for human rights. Since the 1980s

ecotourism has been considered a critical endeavor by environmentalists, so that future

generations may experience destinations relatively untouched by human intervention. Several

university programs use this description as the working definition of ecotourism.

Generally, ecotourism deals with living parts of the natural environments .Ecotourism focuses

on socially responsible travel, personal growth, and environmental sustainability. Ecotourism

typically involves travel to destinations where flora, fauna, and cultural heritage are the primary

attractions. Ecotourism is intended to offer tourists insight into the impact of human beings on

the environment, and to foster a greater appreciation of our natural habitats. Responsible

ecotourism programs include those that minimize the negative aspects of conventional tourism

on the environment and enhance the cultural integrity of local people. Therefore, in addition to

evaluating environmental and cultural factors, an integral part of ecotourism is the promotion

of recycling, energy efficiency, water conservation, and creation of economic opportunities for

local communities. For these reasons, ecotourism often appeals to advocates of environmental

and social responsibility.

Ecotourism is a new concept in tourism, which was originally sparked off by the idea

of making harmonious co-existence with nature a reality once again. As defined by the

Ecotourism Society, it is the responsible travel to natural areas, which conserves the

environment and sustains the wellbeing of local people. Today, ecotourism is one of the

fastest-growing segments of the tourism industry. Its potential for growth is virtually

unlimited. Any tourism program which is nature – based, ecologically sustainable,

where education and interpretation is a major concept and where local people are

benefited can be called ecotourism. The International Ecotourism Society (TIES )defines

ecotourism as “responsible travel that conserves the environment and sustains the well -

being of local people”. Clearly, at a time when traditional conservation through enforced

protection of natural areas was being questioned for its effectiveness and social impacts,

strategies such as ecotourism offered considerable potential for integrating conservation

with development.

IMPORTANCE OF ECOTOURISM

Ecotourism is increasing in popularity across the world, but has significant practical value in

developing countries where the needs of impoverished communities may conflict directly

with the need to capitalize on the growing tourism industry. In many cases developers move

in and designate certain areas as tourism hotspots without giving much thought to the impact

that this will have on local communities. These communities may depend on the area for food

and shelter, but their concerns are buried beneath the potential for financial revenue.

Ecotourism is a move to counter this. It aims to create viable and sustainable tourism

opportunities, and limit the impact that all related activities will have on the environment,

while improving the lives of the local people living in the area. According to Ecotourism.org,

the concept consists of a number of core principles, including:

• Minimizing industrial impact on the environment

• Building environmental and cultural awareness

• Empowering local communities

• Raising awareness of the political, environmental and social issues of the country

concerned, and

• Ensuring that the experience is positive for all parties, including visitors and hosts

The aim is to achieve sustainable and responsible tourism practices to the benefit of all the

detriment of none. One of the most important factors in the success of any ecotourism venture

is knowledge. Those proposing the project must gain intimate knowledge of the area, the

fauna, the flora and the communities living there. They must understand how they impact on

each other and how a change in one will affect the rest. They must understand the culture

governing the people's relationship with the environment, and how they view concepts such

as territory, hunting, farming and gathering materials for personal use.

It's vital to include the local communities in the project, not merely as grateful beneficiaries

of charity, but as empowered and informed team members. Their input is to be valued, as

chances are that they understand the area and complex ecosystems better than anyone else

involved in the project.

The ultimate goal is to create a sustainable resource that protects both the people and the

nature involved. Over 20 years ago, in 1987, the World Commission on Environment and

Development stated that sustained development implied, "meeting the needs of the present

without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." This

sentiment is just as applicable now as it was then.

Equally important is that within in all this concern for sustainability and empowerment, we

don't forget the tourism aspect of ecotourism. In 2002, the Cape Town Declaration on

Responsible Tourism stated that responsible tourism should provide a more enjoyable

experience for tourists through meaningful interaction with local people, and a greater

understanding of cultural, social and environmental issues. It is the tourist-dollar (or Pound)

that we are after, and to get it we have to ensure that what we offer is worthwhile. What's

important is that with a little planning and a little compassion, all of this can be achieved..

ECO TOURISM IN INDIA

The Tourism Industry of India is economically important and grows rapidly. The World Travel

and Tourism Council calculated that tourism generated INR6.4 trillion 6.6% of the nation's

GDP in 2012. It supported 39.5 million jobs, 7.7% of its total employment. The sector is

predicted to grow at an average annual rate of 7.9% from 2013 to 2023. This gives India the

third rank among countries with the fastest growing tourism industries over the next decade.

India has a large medical tourism sector which is expected to grow at an estimated rate of 30%

annually. It is clear that the tourism sector is one of the major sectors to provide the progress

to the annual economic rate of the country.

According to provisional statistics 6.29 million foreign tourists arrived in India in 2011, an

increase of 8.9% from 5.78 million in 2010. This ranks India as the 38th country in the world

in terms of foreign tourist arrivals. Domestic tourist visits to all states and Union Territories

numbered 850.86 million. The most represented countries are the United States (16%) and the

United Kingdom (12.6%). In 2011 Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Delhi were the most popular

states for foreign tourists. Domestic tourists visited the states Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh

and Tamil Nadu most frequently. Chennai, Delhi, Mumbai and Agra have been the four most

visited cities of India by foreign tourists during the year 2011. Worldwide, Chennai is in 41 st

rank in the world wide rank in tourism while Delhi is ranked at 50, Mumbai at 57 and Agra at

65 and Kolkata at 99.

The Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report 2013 ranks India 65th out of 144 countries

overall. The report ranks the price competitiveness of India's tourism sector 20th out of 144

countries. It mentions that India has quite good air transport, particularly given the country’s

stage of development and reasonable ground transport infrastructure. Some other aspects of its

tourism infrastructure remain somewhat underdeveloped however. The nation has very few

hotel rooms per capita by international comparison and low ATM penetration.

The Ministry of Tourism designs national policies for the development and promotion of

tourism. In the process the Ministry consults and collaborates with other stakeholders in the

sector including various Central Ministries-agencies, state governments, Union Territories and

the representatives of the private sector. Concerted efforts are being made to promote new

forms of tourism such as rural, cruise, medical and eco-tourism. The Ministry also maintains

the Incredible India campaign.

India's rich history and its cultural and geographical diversity make its international tourism

appeal large and diverse. It presents heritage and cultural tourism along with medical, business,

educational and sports tourism.

Ecotourism in Kerala

Kerala, a state situated on the tropical Malabar Coast of southwestern India, is one of

the most popular tourist destinations in the country. Named as one of the ten paradises of the

world by the National Geographic Traveler. Kerala is famous especially for its ecotourism

initiatives. Its unique culture and traditions, coupled with its varied demography, has made

Kerala one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world. Growing at a rate of 13.31%,

the tourism industry is a major contributor to the state's economy.

Until the early 1980s, Kerala was a relatively unknown destination, with most tourism circuits

concentrated around the north of the country. Aggressive marketing campaigns launched by

the Kerala Tourism Development Corporation—the government agency that oversees tourism

prospects of the state—laid the foundation for the growth of the tourism industry. In the decades

that followed, Kerala Tourism was able to transform itself into one of the niche holiday

destinations in India. The tag line Kerala- God's Own Country was adopted in its tourism

promotions and became a global super brand. Kerala is regarded as one of the destinations with

the highest brand recall. In 2010, Kerala attracted 0.66 million foreign tourist arrivals

Kerala is an established destination for both domestic as well as foreign tourists. Kerala is well

known for her beaches, backwaters, mountain ranges and wildlife sanctuaries. Other popular

attractions in the state include the beaches at Kovalam, Kappad, Cherai and Varkala; backwater

tourism and lake resorts around Vembanad Lake, Kumarakom and Alapuzha; hill stations and

resorts at Munnar, Wayanad, Nelliampathi, Vagamon and Ponmudi; and national parks and

wildlife sanctuaries at Periyar and Eravikulam National Park. The "backwaters" region—an

extensive network of interlocking rivers, lakes, and canals that centre on Alleppey,

Kumarakom, and Punnamada—also see heavy tourist traffic. Heritage sites, such as the

Padmanabhapuram Palace, Hill Palace, Mattancherry Palace are also visited. The city of Kochi

ranks first in the total number of international and domestic tourists in Kerala. To further

promote tourism in Kerala Grand Kerala Shopping Festival was started by the Government of

Kerala in 2007. Since then it has been held every year during the December–January period.

The state's tourism agenda promotes ecologically sustained tourism, which focuses on the local

culture, wilderness adventures, volunteering and personal growth of the local population.

Efforts are taken to minimize the adverse effects of traditional tourism on the natural

environment, and enhance the cultural integrity of local people.

The state of Kerala, forming part of the Western Ghats, contains a protected area of

2,324 sq.km in two National Parks and 12 Wildlife Sanctuaries. The Western Ghats of

Kerala, with its tropical forest ecosystem, provides a natural advantage for development

of Ecotourism. The Western Ghats regions of Kerala can be projected as an Ecotourism

Zone in the true sense. It has now become necessary to evolve appropriate location

specific strategies for sanctuaries in Kerala, in the sphere of ecotourism development.

Proper ecotourism product development, it’s marketing, environmental impact assessment,

monitoring etc. are to be done in a systematic way.

Major attractions

Beaches

Kovalam beach near Thiruvananthapuram was among the first beaches in Kerala to attract

tourists. Rediscovered by back-packers and tan-seekers in the sixties and followed by hordes

of hippies in the seventies, Kovalam is today the most visited beach in the state.

Other popularly visited beaches in the state include those at Kappad Alappuzha Beach, Nattika

beach (Thrissur), [calicut beach]] Vadanappilly beach (Thrissur), Cherai Beach,Beypore

beach, Marari beach, Fort Kochi, and Varkala. The Muzhappilangad Beach beach at Kannur is

the only drive-in beach in India.

Hill stations

Eastern Kerala consists of land encroached upon by the Western Ghats; the region thus includes

high mountains, gorges, and deep-cut valleys. The wildest lands are covered with dense forests,

while other regions lie under tea and coffee plantations (established mainly in the 19th and 20th

centuries) or other forms of cultivation. The Western Ghats rises on average to 1500 m

elevation above sea level. Some of the popular hill stations in the region are Munnar,

Vagamon,Paithalmala, Wayanad, Nelliyampathi,Elapeedika, Peermade and Ponmudi\ Munnar

Hillscape

Popular attractions in the state include the beaches at Kovalam, Kappad, Muzhuppilangad,

Cherai and Varkala; the hill stations of Munnar,Thekkady, Nelliampathi, Ponmudi and

Wayanad; forts like the Bekal Fort in Kanhangad and St. Angelo's Fort in Kannur and the

National Parks/ Wildlife sanctuaries at Periyar and Eravikulam. The "backwaters" region—an

extensive network of interlocking rivers, lakes, and canals that centre on Alleppey,

Kumarakom, and Punnamada also see heavy tourist traffic. Heritage sites, such as the Hill

Palace, Mattancherry Palace are also famous. Cities such as Kollam, Kochi, Thrissur,

Kozhikodeand Trivandrum are popular centres for shopping and traditional theatrical

performance. The Grand Kerala Shopping Festival (GKSF) claimed to be Asia's largest

shopping festival was started in the year 2007. Since then it has become an annual shopping

event being conducted in the December–January period. During this period stores and shops

registered under the GKSF offer wide range of discounts, vat refunds etc. Along with the

guaranteed shopping experience, shoppers are provided with gift coupons for a fixed worth of

purchase entering them into weekly and mega lucky draws. As compared to shopping festivals

being held in other countries, this Festival converts the entire state of Kerala into a giant

shopping mall, incorporating not just the big players, but also the small and medium scale

industries. The state's tourism agenda promotes ecologically sustained tourism, which focuses

on the local culture, wilderness adventures, volunteering and personal growth of the local

population. Efforts are taken to minimize the adverse effects of traditional tourism on the

natural environment, and enhance the cultural integrity of local people.

Wild life

Most of Kerala, whose native habitat consists of wet evergreen rainforests at lower elevations

and highland deciduous and semi-evergreen forests in the east, is subject to a humid tropical

climate. However, significant variations in terrain and elevation have resulted in a land whose

biodiversity registers as among the world’s most significant. Most of Kerala's significantly

biodiversity tracts of wilderness lie in the evergreen forests of its easternmost districts. Kerala

also hosts two of the world’s Ramset Convention-listed wetlands: Lake Sasthamkotta and the

Vembanad-Kol wetlands are noted as being wetlands of international importance. There are

also numerous protected conservation areas, including 1455.4 km² of the vast Nilgiri

Biosphere Reserve. In turn, the forests play host to such major fauna as Asian Elephant

(Alphas maximums), Bengal Tiger(Panthera tigris tigris), Leopard (Panthera pardus), and

Nilgiri Tahr (Nilgiritragus hylocrius), and Grizzled Giant Squirrel (Ratufa macroura).[16]

More remote preserves, including Silent Valley National Park in the Kundali Hills, harbour

endangered species such as Lion-tailed Macaque (Macaca silenus), Indian Sloth Bear

(Melursus (Ursus) ursinus ursinus), andGaur (the so-called "Indian Bison" — Bos gaurus).

More common species include Indian Porcupine (Hystrix indica), Chital (Axis axis),Sambar

(Cervus unicolor), Gray langur, Flying squirrel, Swamp Lynx (Felis chaus kutas), Boar (Sus

scrofa), a variety of catarrhine Old World monkey species, Gray Wolf (Canis lupus),

Common Palm Civet (Paradoxurus hermaphrodites). Many reptiles, such as King Cobra,

viper, python, various turtles and crocodiles are to be found in Kerala – again,

disproportionately in the east. Kerala's avifaunainclude endemics like the Sri Lanka

Frogmouth (Batrachostomus moniliger), Oriental Bay Owl, large frugivores like the Great

Hornbill(Buceros bicornis) and Indian Grey Hornbill, as well as the more widespread birds

such as Peafowl, Indian Cormorant, Jungle and Hill Myna, Oriental Darter, Black-hooded

Oriole, Greater Racket-tailed and Black Drongoes, bulbul (Pycnonotidae), species of

Kingfisher and Woodpecker, Jungle Fowl, Alexandrine Parakeet, and assorted ducks and

migratory birds. Additionally, freshwater fish such askadu (stinging catfish —

Heteropneustes fossilis) and brackish water species such as Choottachi (orange chromed —

Troilus maculates; valued as an aquarium specimen) also are native to Kerala's lakes and

waterways.

Ayurveda (medical tourism)

Medical tourism, promoted by traditional systems of medicine like Ayurveda and Siddha are

widely popular in the state, and draws increasing numbers of tourists. A combination of many

factors has led to the increase in popularity of medical tourism: high costs of healthcare in

industrialized nations, ease and affordability of international travel, improving technology and

standards of care.

However, rampant recent growth in this sector has made the government apprehensive. The

government is now considering introduction of a grading system which would grade hospitals

and clinics, thus helping tourists in selecting one for their treatments

Kerala is a state on the tropical Malabar Coast of south-western India. Nicknamed as one of

the "10 paradises of the world" by National Geographic, Kerala is famous especially for its

Eco-tourism initiatives. Its unique culture and traditions, coupled with its varied demography,

has made it one of the most popular tourist destinations in India. Growing at a rate of 13.31%,

the tourism industry significantly contributes to the state's economy. Kerala is known for its

tropical backwaters and pristine beaches such as Kovalam.

The above mentioned 56 places can be developed as ecotourism destinations giving emphasis

to wariness to the visitor of the protective, productive and regulatory functions of the

ecosystem. The products such as trekking, bird watching trails etc. can be developed and

operationalised through different government bodies, thereby ensuring local benefits from

ecotourism.

ECOTOURISM IN PALAKKAD

Palakkad, which lies at the foot of the Western Ghats, the dreamy land of misty monuments

with its ever green tropical forests, dams, wild life sanctuaries, rivers, rare birds and animals,

historical monuments, places of worship and traditional Ayurvedic treatment centers, has

tremendous scope and immense potential to become one of the best tourist destinations in the

country. The district is gifted with the beauty of virgin and verdant Nelliampathy hills,the

precious and unique Silent Valley National Park, the famous Parambikulam Wildlife

Sanctuary, Attappady hills and more than half a dozen dams like Malampuzha, Mangalam,

Pothundi, Kanjirapuzha, Siruvani and Parambikulam..

Nelliampathy : Nelliampathy Hills are extremely fascinating and offer an easy escape from

the scorching summer of Palakkad.About 75 kms from Palakkad is this cool hill resort. The

height of the hills ranges from 467 metres to 1572 metres.It has immense trekking

potential.Seethargundu, at Nelliampathy offers a fantastic view of the valley below, a wide

angled panoramic picture of about one third of Palakkad, beautiful and resembling the Green

Valley of Kodaikanal.The total area is about 82 sq.kms.The highest peak in the range is

Nellikotta, also called Padagiri.It is 1585.08 metres above sea level. The other major peaks are

Vellachimudi, Valiyavana,Mayanmudi and Vela Vanchan, each about 1200 meters high. The

annual average rainfall in the area is 4.244 mm..The temperatures varies between 15’ C in

December and 30C in April, the mean temperature being 22’C.The Pothunter reservoir glints

in the distance like sapphire in a sea of emerald. The 1000 meter high waterfall is one of the

major attractions. Seethargundu got its name from the legend that Sita Devi, during the

vanavasa period with Sri Rama, took a bath here. During Deepavali, a large number of devotees

gather here.

Malampuzha : Malampuzha Garden is the Vrindavan of Kerala.Malampuzha exudes the

charm of the harmony of nature a perfect synchronization of the grandeur of the mountains

blending with the serenely of rivers. It is 12 kms from Palakkad.There are lush green lawns,

Innumerable flower beds glittering pools, fountains and avenues. There is a fresh water

aquarium. A snake park and a children’s park with a toy train, which await the pleasure and

delight of children. The reservoir is ideal for boating and fishing. The Garden House has a unit

of water ports. A small garden in the Japanese style gives a touch of exotic charm to the

landscape. So does the hanging bridge across the river. Another items of interest in the part is

the imposing concrete sculpture of YAKSHI, done by the renowned Kanai Kunhiraman. The

Passenger ROPEWAY, the first of its kind in South India, offers adventurous and delightful

air journey of 20minutes across the gardens, giving a soul string view of the gardens, the distant

hills that kiss the heavens and the blue strip of the reservoir. There is a ROAD TRAIN for

amusement ride on wheels. In the vast expanse of the Malampuzha Garden and its vicinity..

There is a TELESCOPIC TOWER in the garden providing a terrestrial view upto 40 miles.

The first ROCKGARDEN emerged from the Master creator Padmashree Nek Chand of

Chandigarh, in South India is at Malampuzha.Modeled after AppuGhar of Delhi and Easel

World of Bombay the first Amusement Park of Kerala named FANTASYPARK is at

Malampuzha.The Park has modern thrilling Rides over 8 acres plot landscaped beautifully with

Garden and Fountains.

Pothundy: Pothundy is 38 kms south of Palakkad town. An irrigation project was

commissioned here in 1968 with an estimated cost of Rs.234.25 lakhs, consisting of an earthen

dam with a spillway section across the tributaries of AyalureRiver.Its 10 kms right bank canal

ad 8 kms left bank canal irrigate an area of 5465 hectares in Chittur and Alathur Taluks.The

project also provides water supply to Nemmara and Ayalure Villages.

Silent Valley: The SilentValley National Park, with an area of 90 sq.kms, is situated in the

north eastern corner of the district. It rises abruptly to the Nilgiri Plateau in the north and

overlooks the plains of Mannarkkad in the south. The river Kundhi descends from the Nilgiri

hills above, a altitude of 2000 meters traverses the entire length of the valleys and rushes down

to the plains through a deep gorge. River Kunthi never turns brown, it is crystal clear, perennial

and wild. The Silent Valley National Park, is probably one of the most magnificent gift of

nature to mankind, a unique preserve of tropical rain forests in all its pristine glory with an

almost unbroken ecological history. Thanks largely to its difficult terrain and remoteness the

extent of degradation is minimum comparison with other sanctuaries. There is a huge wild tree

of Kattualying variety. It is hollow within and can hide at least 12 people in it.

Mangalam : Located 48 kms south of Palakkad town, Mangalam is mainly occupied by settlers

from other parts of the State.Mangalam dam is located near the NH 47 about 14 kms. South of

Vadakkencherry village.The dam is constructed across Cherukunnapuzha a tributary of

MangalamRiver.It is located in picturesque surroundings.The reservoir fringes on the forest

area where there are deer, wild elephants and a variety of birds. There are beautiful parks and

lawns adorned with statues.

Meenkara : Meenkara Chulliar is a fascinating spot by virtue of the dam, garden, fish ponds

and natural beauty.It is 32 kms.south east of PalakkadTown.This Dam is built in the river

Gayathri which flows into Bharathapuzha.

Dhoni : Dhoni is a reserve forest area, 15 kms from Palakkad town.The forest has among other

captivating signs, a small but splendid waterfall. The site can be reached after a fairly long

climb of 3 hours from the base of Dhoni Hills.

Parambikulam : Parambikulam wild life sanctuary extends over an area of 280 sq.kms.It is

110 kmsaway from Palakkad via. Pollachi.The oldest and highest teak tree “Kannimari Teak”is

situated here.Three Dams were constructed on the hill top.They are

Paruvarippallom,Thunakadavu, and Parambikulam. for the irrigation of Pollachi Taluk of

Tamilnadu and Chittur Taluk of Palakkad District.It is the place which is famous for teak

plantations.Boat cruises is provided in the Parambikulam Reservoir. The Rest Houses of the

State Forest Department at Thunakadavu, Thellikkal and Elanthode and a tree house in

Thoonakkadavu offer lodging facilities. The Giant Kannimari Teak and the wild animals in the

forest area are a sight to dream of.

Kanjirapuzha : Kanjirapuzha Dam is situated about 38 kms. from Palakkad.The water spread

of the dam lies in a single stretch.An evergreen forest, by name ‘Vettilachola’ is immediately

beyond the reservoir which is surrounded by hills and during rainy season, the mountain will

be covered with mist.All this makes the area extremely beautiful and picturesque. There are

three islands in the reservoir with plenty of fish (including commercial varieties) grown by the

Fisheries Department.

J.P.Smrithi Vanam : Loknayak J.P.Smrithi Vanam and Deer Park is in an extent of 100 acres

of reserve forest at Walayar in the border of Kerala and Tamilnadu on the side of N.H.47. Deers

and other animals move freely in this park. Facilities for elephant ride is provided. The distance

from Palakkad town is 22 kms.

Palakkad Fort: Palakkad Fort, situated in the PalakkadTown, is the most beautiful and best

preserved forts in Karala.The sober silence of the granite wall reminds the old tales of valour

and courage. It was constructed in 1766 by Hyder Ali of Mysore andhis son Tippu Sulthan.In

1790 the fort was taken over and re-modified by the British East India Company. The fort is

protected by the Archeological Survey of India. Martyr’s Column, Open Air Auditorium called

“Rappadi” and Tourism Information Centre of District Tourism Promotion Council are there

in the spacious Fort Maidan.The Children’s Part and ‘VATIKA’ are just on the side of the

Fort.The fort was situated in the middle of Palakkad Gap with an area of 15 acres.

Kottayi : It is 15 kms away from Palakkad. Kottayi is the native place of the Late Chembai

Vaidyanatha Bhagavathar, the doyen of Karnataka Music.

Mennvallom : There are 10steps of Waterfalls at Meenvallom, the originating point of

ThuppanaduRiver.The height of the falls varies from5 to 45 metres.The distance from Palakkad

is 37 kms.

Ottappalam : This was the centre of political as well as tenant movements in South Malabar

of the erstwhile Malabar province of Madras Presidency. The festival at Chathan Kandar Kavu

is very famous one in Ottappalam.The legend goes that the temple was built by the local

Kanjoor Namboodiri family at a place where a scheduled caste person called Chathan found a

stone bleeding while he was sharpening his knife on it. The deity of this templeis Durga.The

annual festival is Talapolli which is celebrated on Avitam day n Meenam. Nercha festival in

the Ottappalam mosque attracts the local Muslims in large numbers. It is said that a saintly

person by name Uthaman Auliya had lived and dies at this place. An annual festival is held at

this mosque on his death anniversary.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

The Concept of Ecotourism: Evolution and Trend

Dimitrios Diamantis Les Roches Management School, Tourism Research Centre, CH-3975,

Bluche, Switzerland

The research within the area of ecotourism still appears to be at its infancy stage. The

as in aspects of its planning and operationalization. There are a variety of ecotourism

definitions all reflecting a range of paradigms and perspectives. The view that this article has

taken is that the definition of ecotourism is not really necessary if the discussion focuses on the

concepts rather than the issues implied by ecotourism. Hence, it seems that ecotourism

definitions could range from passive to active stances incorporating the three common concepts

in the form of trade-off scenarios. The three common concepts within ecotourism are natural-

based, educational, and sustainable (which includes economic and social criteria). Within these

components, both benefits and costs exist, and in some circumstances there is disequilibrium

towards greater costs. Fundamentally, ecotourism could merit wider credibility, but only when

the different actors involved avoid over marketing, and control the overuse of its products by

consumers. In light of these pitfalls, this paper focuses on the three components of ecotourism

and includes a review of ecotourism’s definitions followed by an examination of its natural-

based, sustainability and educational components. It concludes with the future state of

ecotourism research in light of the changes in trends in the tourism industry.

Ecotourism in Kerala, India: Lessons from the Eco-

Development Project in Periyar Tiger Reserve

By

Dr. Santosh. P. Thampi

Reader, Department of Commerce & Management Studies,

University of Calicut, Kerala, India

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to describe and evaluate the ecotourism project at

The Periyar Tiger Reserve (Thekkady), in Kerala, India. The Ministry of Environment

Has undertaken to promote local community participation in forest management, through

The “India - Eco – Development” programme in seven states. In Kerala, the ‘Thekkady

Tiger Trail’ project was launched a couple of years ago in the Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary.

In the Periyar Tiger Trail project, the members involved are the former inhabitants of the

Forest, who use to make a living by illegal trading of forest goods? Their activity was thus

Detrimental to the conservation of the forest. However, their intimate knowledge about

The plants and animals, and their survival instincts could be best used for participatory

Ecotourism activities. Besides the Tiger Trail, other ecotourism products of the Periyar

Tiger Reserve are: Bamboo Rafting, Day Trekking Programme, Tribal Heritage, and Bamboo

Grove, Jungle Inn and Wild adventures. A brief account of Ecotourism initiatives in the

Periyar Tiger Reserve and a review of the project, based on the principles of Ecotourism

Are included in this article.

Background

Ecotourism is a new concept in tourism, which was originally sparked off by the

Idea of making harmonious co-existence with nature a reality once again. As defined by

The Ecotourism Society, it is the responsible travel to natural areas, which conserves the

Environment and sustains the well-being of local people. Today, ecotourism is one of the

Fastest-growing segments of the tourism industry. Its potential for growth is virtually

Unlimited. Any tourism program which is: nature – based, ecologically sustainable,

Where education and interpretation is a major concept and where local people are

Benefited can be called ecotourism. The International Ecotourism Society (TIES) 1

Defines ecotourism as: “responsible travel that conserves the environment and sustains

The well - being of local people”. Clearly, at a time when traditional conservation through

Enforced protection of natural areas was being questioned for its effectiveness and social

Impacts, strategies such as ecotourism offered considerable potential for integrating

Conservation with development.

AIM AND OBJECTIEVS

The aim at the study is to find out the Ecotourism Potentialities of Ananganamala in THRIKKADERI Panchayath OBJECTIEVS

1.To find out present status of Ananganmala ecotourism in Thrikkaderi Panchaythu.

2. To find out ecotourism potentialities of Ananganmala Ecotourism

LIMITATIONS

Constraints of time and finance restricted the present study. The major source data is

secondary. Secondary information are limited due to limited time and finance. Getting map of

the study area is a difficult one. There are also no authentic records and updated data in the

panchayth office and department

ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY

The dissertation comprises of four chapters. The first chapter deals with introduction of the

study, Objectives, Methodology, and Limitations. The second chapter deals with study area.

Chapter three deals with Ananganmala ecotourism and chapter four concludes the project

work

PURPOSE OF STUDY

This study is a simple survey on ecotourism especially on the developments in the ecotourism

project named as Ananganmala ecotourism project. This study includes the wide explanation

of the project. It discusses the around information’s on the project. It reveals the good and

bad sides of the project. The purpose of this study are to give guide lines to a better way of

utilization of our nature and eco places. I have tried my best to give a plan for a

reconstructive thought and work which reduce the faults and give energy to the project and

nature same time

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The ananganmala is one of the important tourist places in Palakkad. Nowadays it is clearly

come out of the district through the eco-tourism project. But it has its own merits and

demerits as any other projects. it is a humble attempt to understand the realities from this

project. According to the studies, ecotourism in Ananganmala has some major problems to be

solved immediately for the long live of the hill and valley .waste and pollution are some of

the major problems. Deforestation of the trees and plants is the big problem in the hills.

Absence of water and moving soils are to be solved. Any way this project has its own merits.

These positive and negative parts are explained very clearly in this project

CHAPTER _ 11

STUDY AREA

GENERAL INFORMATION

Trikkaderi Panchayah is a part of Ottappalam Taluk in palakkad ditrict . It includes 16 wards

and it is spread in 29 kms .Majority of the people are local farmers, 25 percentage of the total

population of the village.10 % of the people are living as agriculture labourers.there are 10%

marchenters.12% of the people are construction Workers and 12% people are private and

government workers.21 percentage of the people are doing other jobs. Some other people from

other parts are residing in this village.

Villege Panchayath Trikkaderi

Block Ottappalam

Taluk Ottappalam

Assembly Shornur

Parliament Palakkad

District Palakkad

Number of Wards 16

Area 26.28 kms

Local Farmers 25%

Agriculture labourers 10%

Marchenters 10%

Construction Workers 12%

Government and Private Workers 12%

Foreign Workers 8%

Others 21%

LOCTAION & BOUNDARIES

Latitude: 10°49'47 N.15" N

Longitude: 76°20'44 E.56" E

North –Vellinezhi Village Panchayath

North –East –Adakkaputhur

East-Pookot Kavu Villege Panchayath

South East – Ambalappara Village Panchayath

South – Ananganadi Village Panchayath.

West – Chalavara Panchayath

North West –Cherpulassery Panchayath

POPULATION

Total population of the village is 27347. It is an average number comparatively. There are

14498 women and 12849 men .Population density of the village is 835/kms.population rate on

the basis of number is 4.5/average.

Total Population 27347

Female 14498

Male 12849

Population Density 835/kms

Population Rate on the basis of number of

houses

4.5/average

EDUCATION

The literacy rate of the village is 94.5 percentage. number of people who are enrolled in school

is 94%.There are 11 schools throughout the village. And there are 8 lower primary school and

2 upper primary schools and only one higher secondary school.

Literacy Rate 96.5%

School Enrolment 94%

Total number of schools 11

Lower primary 8

Upper Primary 2

HSS 1

LAND UTILIZATION

The 28 kms and is used by the people very positively. It means there are 1563 hector land is

used for the agriculture purpose.600 hector land is forest area.415 hectors land is used for the

non-agriculture purpose and 15 hectors land is waste land.

Land utilization Area in hector

Agriculture Land 1563

Forest Area 600

Non Agriculture Land 415

Waste Land 15

Total Land 2628

IMPORTENT AGRICULTURAL CROPS

Sales

1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr

Paddy 416 hector

Cocanut Tree 403 hector

Banana Tree 112

Pepper 64

Rubber 121

PHYSIOGRAPHY

Generally Trikkaderi is a midland place on the basis of physiography it is divided to four

categories .they are

Physiography in general

Types Area in hector Percentage

High Land 383.68 14,6%

Low Land 1193.74 45.5

Hilly Area 331.12 12.6

Valley 717.46 27.3

Total 2628 100

VALLEYS

Total land area 27.3 %( 717.36 hector) covered by the slops of chemban mala and Kizhur Mala.

These two areas are steep slopes and by the specialty of physiography are can mainly see the

red soil in these places.

CHAPTER_III

ANAGANMALA ECOTOURISM

Anangamala is situated at Kizhur village near Ottappalam in Palakkad district. The hillock has

an extent of 2500 acre and is under the Kerala Forest Department. One can trek to the hill top,

which offers a panoramic view of Palakkad’s rural landscape brimming with palm trees and

paddy fields. A small seasonal waterfall adds to the scenic charm of the hills. The vegetation

of the hillock includes many medicinal plants as well. Its scenic beauty has made it a regular

location for commercial film shooting. Recently, Anaganmala is being developed as an eco-

tourism destination with facilities like a footpath to the top of the mountain. The area is 45 km

away from Palakkad and 15 km away from Ottappalam. It comes under Ottappalam Forest

Range under Palakkad Forest Division

MAIN FEATERS IN ANAGANMALA

Being one of the biggest of hillocks of the district, Anangan mala has its own features and

importance in the tourism concepts of kerala.It stands as an elephant stands among the fields

and palm trees. Both Anangan mala and Koonan mala are the head rising hills of Ottappalam

Taluk in Palakkad district .these are the centre of tourists and the one of the scenery spots for

film location .Many of Malayalam , Tamil and other languages films were in the back ground

of these hill tops.

According to Anangan Mala its Westside is Trikkadiri Village. It totally covered with huge and

dangerous rocks .Far away from these rocks the north part is filled with soil and a lots of trees

and plants are there It is declared by the Forest Department and other believable sources that

Anangan Mala is filled with a lot of herbal trees and plants and trees which are used for many

epidemics and these are medicines in herbal treatment .It is asad news for the forest lovers that

major parts of the forest is cut off by the cruel hands of anti-social mafias and the deforestation

of hills will lead the related villages to the endless hot and rainless monsoons . Only after 1965

this place is become noted and noticed by the government and it became under control of the

Forest Department. Until 1985 there was no more trees and flora even the trees were cut by the

natives for house purposes like log, furniture etc.After 1987s social activities started in the hill

valleys and a new form of forestation started on the rocky hill by the endless efforts of forest

department and other volunteers .some of the main trees were Teak,Eaty , Vara , Nelli ,Aquasia

.Special watchers are appointed by the tourism corporation for the protection and maintenance

of forest . They treat the herbals carefully. They defend the trees from the trespassers and those

natives who cut the trees illegally. These trees and herbals add beauty to the neutrality of the

hill. All major trees have only 25 year of past. The brook which starts from the hill is the

mixture of a lot of herbal medicines .Social Forestry department have planted in 2500 meter

around many important herbal plants as a continuation ot the top part herbal trees like Aal ,

Angili ,Kinna ,Palaka,Payyana ,Neermuk,Ven teak ,Kayani ,Venga and other important trees.

Moreover that there are Karmapa, Uoran para, Eata, and Chural are seen on the top the hill.

BROOKS IN ANAGANMALA

There are allots of herbal plants in the banks of small brooks from the hill. Velli Chola Kundan

chola are some of the rooks flow near the hill valleys.On the banks of these two brooks there

are limitless amount of herbs . Koduveli and Thazhuthama are the best examples of herbs. The

plan of ecotourism had helped a lot to keep the bio diversity of the hill valleys. The tourism

had helped to maintain the valley in its natural phase and have helped to keep herbal trees and

other animals. as the result of tourism package more people come here for pleasure and they

visit the places and it helps to defend the slight chance to destruct and demolish the existing

diversity and government and tourism department have special concern on the spots mainly

for the long live of the project. There are main three brooklets derive from the hill.

1 Panikkara kunnu brooklet

2 Kattunni brooklet

3 Attasheri brooklet

Panikkarukunnu thodu (rooklet), is a public property and it is used mainly for agricultural needs

.there are grass and peals on the sides of brook. Along with this there are some different kinds

of fishes, tortoises, and ezhuthachan .This brook is used for tourist purpose also .The natives

and tourists use this for various deeds. It is now under control of ecotourism department.

Tortoise, frog, Nikole, Atta, Kotti are the main lives of this brook. Main plants in this brook

are Lotus, Ambel , rahmi , Kaitha , seetha mudipal etc.

BIRDS IN ANGAN HILLS

Owl , White Owl ,Hawk ,Peacock,Maina ,chavitila kazhi ,Vayalchulli ,pegion , parrot

,sparrows are some of the birds of Anangan hills .

KIZOOR TOURISM

Three neighbor villages include the Kizhur Tourism which are known as Trikkaderi

,Ambalapara and Aanganadi villages. Major part of this tourism is in Trikkaderi village. So it

is clearly known as Trikkaderi tourism Project.

This ecotourism spot includes huge hill and dried rocky valleys .So only a few people are

residing near this place.

Kizhur is rounded with hills and fields. Some brooks are flowing through the fields like

panikkaru kund thode.

ANGAN HILLS ECOTOURISM PROJECT

In the beginning of the 21st century and clearly in 2003 the new project of eco tourism package

is started in the valley of Anangan hill .The forest department of Ottappalam Taluk take the

control of this project. There is a good looking entrance gate beautifully furnished in concrete

gate in the wooden model attracting the visitors and indicating the beauty of the hill. There is

separate stair case to the top of the valley to help the people to climb the hill smoothly. There

is a small water fall in the opposite side of the hill and the road very near to them which gives

beautiful scenery for the visitors on the top of the hill. The tourism department have prepared

sufficient parking areas to avoid the traffic jam in the road to kizhur and Ambalapara . Latrine

and toilet facilities are prepared there and special consideration have given to collect plastic

waste and other polluting meterials.there are sufficient sign boards for the tourists to maintain

security of the tourists.

FEATERS OF ANGAN HILLS

Environmental Effects

Tourism -- particularly nature and ecotourism -- helps to promote conservation of wildlife and

natural resources such as rain forests, as these are now regarded as tourism assets. It also helps

generate funding for maintaining animal preserves and marine parks through entrance charges.

By creating alternative sources of employment, tourism reduces problems such as deforestation

in this area. In anangan mala forestation is gradually in progress.

Economic Effects

Tourism of Anangan mala creates jobs, both through direct employment within the tourism

industry and indirectly in sectors such as retail and transportation. When these people spend

their wages on goods and services, it leads to what is known as the "multiplier effect," creating

more jobs. The tourism industry also provides opportunities for small-scale business

enterprises, which is especially important in rural communities.

Social Effects

The improvements to infrastructure and new leisure amenities that result from this tourism also

benefit the local community. Tourism encourages the preservation of traditional customs,

handicrafts and festivals that might otherwise have been allowed to wane, and it creates civic

pride. Interchanges between hosts and guests create a better cultural understanding and can also

help raise global awareness of issues such as poverty and human rights abuses. In this matter

Anangan mala tourism is a good example in promoting community benefit in direct and indirect

ways.

Environmental benefits

Without long term strategic planning, this tourism development can be detrimental to the local

environment. Embarking on major promotional campaigns for an area without first ensuring

that the necessary infrastructure is in place can have devastating effects on the environment

and resident community, with potentially costly consequences.

Tourism development based on an environmental and commercially sustainable approach,

integrated into the wider planning process, can generate significant benefits for the local

environment, business and community. It requires proper planning and land management

policies to ensure that the environment is preserved.

On the credit side, tourism has been partly responsible for increased interest in, and concern

for, the natural and built environment and its condition. Effective visitor information services,

interpretative signing, guided tours etc can raise the profile of natural assets and issues

surrounding them. In many cases tourism has provided an economic argument for conservation,

preservation and restoration of natural and built resources.

Increased community awareness and pride

Attracting visitors to this area can heighten local awareness and interest, resulting in a greater

sense of pride and ownership. The community takes stock of its assets and distinctive

characteristics. This increase in pride can lead to community celebration or the revival of

cultural activities.

Increasing community facilities

Ananganmala Tourism can stimulate new and expanded community facilities and

infrastructure initiatives, such as the improvement of retail, restaurant and entertainment

options, transport services and sporting facilities. These increase the quality of life for the

community, which may not otherwise warrant the improvement, based on the residential

population alone

Increased commercial and residential development

Tourism development results in increased revenue to councils through rates and other charges.

Tourism can act as a shop window for the lifestyle of the area. It is increasingly common for

people who visit and are impressed with the area to return as residents, thereby increasing

demand for housing and other services.Tourism generates different types of income for a

community: business income, wage earnings, share earnings. Direct spending by visitors has a

positive impact on business profitability and employment growth. The money that is then

circulated and re-spent in the economy is often referred to as indirect spending or the multiplier

effect.

In the immediate future the development of ecotourism in anangan mala will reach its height

resulting a big amount of commercial benefits and residential development .similar to other

main tourism places Anangan mala offers a cool and comfortable housing weather and

surroundings

A varied economic base

The expectations and needs of visitors can often lead to the creation of new businesses and

commercial activities. This builds a more diverse economic base and reduces reliance on one

or two traditional industries, which is often the case in rural communities. Cottage food and

fruits are commonly seen in the valley of anangan mala is an indication of a forthcoming

revolution in the field of economic development.

Employment

Tourism is a labour intensive industry and operates 24 hours a day, seven days a week. There

are many opportunities for employment for young people and for people interested in part time

or casual work. While some of the employment is skilled, there are also opportunities for people

less skilled and who lack formal qualifications.

New business

This thriving tourism industry supports growth in other sectors, such as transport, construction,

agriculture and retailing. As tourism increases, there are more opportunities for small business

to develop.

IMPACT OF ANGAN HILL PROJECT

Tourism is a capital intensive industry and no local involvement is possible at that level. So the

large resources, required for immediate tourist facilities, airport, services roads, bridges,

sewage and electricity are brought in either by government or private enterprises. Unexposed

villagers suddenly find themselves in large scale external visitations and changes in which they

have no say.

Loss of potential economic benefits to the local areas can occur and local resentments are

generated if many tourist facilities are owned and managed by outsiders. Also, local elites can

be created if tourist facilities and services are owned and managed by only a few local persons

or families, with most of the community receiving minimal or no benefits. However, there may

be few alternatives to outside ownership during the initial stages of development, if local capital

is very limited. Potential foreign exchange earnings are reduced when imported goods and

services are utilized in tourism.

Cultural Impact:

Over commercialization and loss of authencity of traditional arts and crafts, customs and

ceremonies can result if these are over modified to suit tourist demands. For example important

traditional dance and work performances, some of which may have religious significance,

being greatly shortened and changed to fit tourists' tastes and schedules. Similarly, traditional

high quality handicrafts are being mass produced to provide tourist souvenirs. This situation

often results from the insensitivity or lack of understanding on the part of the 'cultural brokers'

for tour operators or handicraft organizers, whether foreign or local, who are not concerned

about cultural purity or authenticity.

In extreme cases, there may be a loss of cultural character, self respect, and overall social

identity because of submergence of the local society by the outside cultural patterns of

seemingly more affluent and successful tourists. Deterioration of cultural monuments and loss

of cultural ante pets may result from uncontrolled use and misuse by tourists.

Environmental problems

In ananganmala the climate was so cool and comfortable .but after the project the weather

changed in this place. Tourism the various types of negative or undesirable environmental

impacts are generated by tourism as beneficiaries try to exploit the nature without investing in

its conservation. Not all these negative impacts are likely to take place in one area because of

the types of impact often depend on the kind of tourism developed and the specific

environmental characteristics of the tourism area. The scale of tourism development in relation

to the carrying capacity of the environment greatly influences the extent of environmental

impacts.

Water Pollution:

The two important brooks of Anangan hill are in a pathetic stage today. the tourists and other

people removed their wastes in these rooks. Now, nobody can use water of these brooks. If a

proper sewage disposal system has not been installed for hotels, resorts and other tourist

facilities, there may be pollution of ground water from the sewage, or if a sewage outfall has

been construed into a nearby river, lake or coastal sea water and the sewage has not been

adequately treated, the effluent will pollute that water area. This situation is common in beach

resort areas where the hotels construct an outfall into the adjacent water area which can also be

used for swimming by tourists or for fishing by locals. Recreational and tourist transportation

motor boats in surface water result in pollution in river, lakes and sea water due to spilling oil

and gas and cleaning their bilge in water. This is usually common in enclosed harbor and places

where natural water circulation is slow.

Air Pollution:

Tourism is generally considered a "smokeless industry." But it can also result in air pollution

by tourist vehicles in a particular area, especially at major attraction sites, that are accessible

only by road. This is due to improperly maintained exhaust systems of the vehicles. Also,

pollution in the form of dust and dirt in the air may be generated from open, devegetated area

if the tourism development is not properly planned, developed and landscaped or is in an

interim state of construction.

Noise Pollution:

Anangan hill was a silent valley before the ecotourism project enter thereunto it is to be agreed

that it is the most crowded place in Trikkaderi Panchayath. Noise generated by a concentration

of tourists road and certain types of tourist attractions may reach uncomfortable and irritating

levels for nearby residents and other tourists. Such loud noise can often result in ear damage

and also a psychological stress.

Visual Pollution:

The concrete buildings which are built for the tourism purpose are really pollute the real vision

of Anangan hill.It may result from several sources. These can be due to poorly- designed hotels

and other facility buildings which are not compatible with local architectural style or not well

integrated into the natural environment. Other reasons can be poor maintenance of buildings

and landscaping obstruction of scenic views by development use of large and ugly advertising

signs. Littering of landscape also results in visual pollution.

Waste Disposal Problems:

The most important matter to be concerned by the Government is the removal of the wastes

from the sites of Anangan hill. It is the big problem which anangan hill tourism corporation

faces today. The most common problem in tourism areas is the littering of debris on the

landscape. This is due to large number of people using the area of picnicking. Improper disposal

of solid waste from hotel restaurants, generate both litter and environmental health problems

from vermin, disease and pollution. It can also lead to the degradation of tourist sites

Economic Effects

Successful tourism relies on establishing a basic infrastructure, such as roads, visitor centers

and hotels. The cost of this usually falls on the government, so it has to come out of tax

revenues. Jobs created by tourism are often seasonal and poorly paid, yet tourism can push up

local property prices and the cost of goods and services. Money generated by tourism does not

always benefit the local community, as some of it leaks out to huge international companies,

such as hotel chains. Destinations dependent on tourism can be adversely affected by events

such as terrorism, natural disasters and economic recession.

Social Effects

Ananganmala is really the centre of anti-social people in the night. They come and misuse the

place in the background of dark nights .it affect the people .Recently the bad people come to

the hills even in the daytimes and disturb the visitors. Visitor behavior can have a detrimental

effect on the quality of life of the host community. For example, crowding and congestion,

drugs and alcohol problems, and increased crime levels can occur. Tourism can even infringe

on human rights, with locals being displaced from their land to make way for new hotels or

barred from beaches. Interaction with tourists can also lead to an erosion of traditional cultures

and values.

CHAPTER_4

CONCLUSION

Finally I am so glad to indicate here that I have finished this big effort by the help of

Almighty. I realize that I couldn’t include all necessary points because of my lack of experience

and deep knowledge. It is my humble study on a great topic, so I tried my best in this way. I

remember all my teachers and friends who have given to me their valuable thoughts

instructions for the completion of this dissertation. I tried to include all major points in this

work especially the problems faced by our lovable place Anangan mala.

I have parted this work in to five major sub topics .The first part deals with the

ecotourism in the World. It includes the definition of the eco tourism and its developments in

the World. The second chapter includes the ecotourism in India describing the development in

some states. The third Chapter is on ecotourism in Kerala, The fourth and fifth chapters are on

ecotourism in palakkad and Ananganmala and the analysis of the ananganmala project. The

last chapter is included with the merits and demerits of the project in Anangan mala and its

effect on the hill and its valley and more over on the people who are residing on the valley. It

is very clear that it improved in the number of tourists who visits this dream place.

REFERENCE

• Honey, Martha (2008). Ecotourism and Sustainable Development: Who Owns

Paradise? (Second Ed.). Washington, DC: Island Press. p. 33. ISBN 1-59726-125-4 ISBN

978-1597261258.

• Untamed Path Defining Ecotourism. Retrieved on 2009-03-24.

• Sadry, B.N (2009)" Fundamentals of Geotourism: with a special emphasis on Iran",

Samt Organization publishers, Tehran.220p. (English Summary available Online at:

http://physio-geo.revues.org/3159?file=1

• "Kerala Tourism: Paradises in the world". The Hindu. Retrieved20 February 2012.

• Jaiva vaividyam- book published by Trikkaderi Panchayath.

• Anangan Mala – a Hand book - prepared by Anangan mala tourism department.

• Kerala Tourism.com

• Tourism.com